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aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_towns_and_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_towns_and_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Major towns and cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_towns_and_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Automotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Automotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronics_and_industrial_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronics_and_industrial_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Electronics and industrial equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronics_and_industrial_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerospace_and_defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerospace_and_defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Aerospace and defence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerospace_and_defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Information technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wool_textiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wool_textiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Wool textiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wool_textiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewellery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewellery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Jewellery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewellery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unemployment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unemployment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Unemployment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unemployment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Land</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Piedmont</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 130 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">130 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%ABmont" title="Piëmont – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Piëmont" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%8B%AC%E1%88%9E%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B4" title="ፕዬሞንቴ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕዬሞንቴ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Piedmont" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A9" title="بيمنتة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيمنتة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Piamonte" title="El Piamonte – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="El Piamonte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piam%C3%B3nte" title="Piamónte – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Piamónte" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyemont" title="Pyemont – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pyemont" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A9mont%C3%A9" title="Piémonté – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Piémonté" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="П’емонт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="П’емонт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="П’емонт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="П’емонт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Piedmont" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Пиемонт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пиемонт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijemont" title="Pijemont – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pijemont" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Пьемонт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пьемонт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πεδεμόντιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πεδεμόντιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piem%C3%A5nt" title="Piemånt – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Piemånt" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piamonte" title="Piamonte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Piamonte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonto" title="Piemonto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piemonto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87" title="پیه‌مونته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیه‌مونته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A9mont" title="Piémont – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piémont" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%ABmont" title="Piëmont – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Piëmont" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADodmant" title="Píodmant – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Píodmant" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87" title="پيمؤنته – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پيمؤنته" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%97%90%EB%AA%AC%ED%85%8C%EC%A3%BC" title="피에몬테주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피에몬테주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Պիեմոնտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պիեմոնտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijemont" title="Pijemont – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pijemont" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedemonte" title="Pedemonte – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pedemonte" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Пьемонт – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пьемонт" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjallaland" title="Fjallaland – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjallaland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94" title="פיימונטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיימונטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Piedmont" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პიემონტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პიემონტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Пьемонт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пьемонт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedemontium" title="Pedemontium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pedemontium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjemonta" title="Pjemonta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pjemonta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjemontas" title="Pjemontas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pjemontas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%ABmont" title="Piëmont – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Piëmont" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Пиемонт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пиемонт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A4" title="प्यिमाँत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्यिमाँत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პიემონტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პიემონტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="پييدمونت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پييدمونت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87" title="پیمونته – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پیمونته" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Piedmont" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%ABmont" title="Piëmont – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Piëmont" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E5%B7%9E" title="ピエモンテ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピエモンテ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemunte" title="Piemunte – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Piemunte" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Пьемонт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пьемонт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87" title="ਪੀਏਮੋਂਤੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੀਏਮੋਂਤੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%92" title="پیعیمونتے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیعیمونتے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%86_(%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8)" title="ខេត្តជើងភ្នំ (ប្រទេសអ៊ីតាលី) – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ខេត្តជើងភ្នំ (ប្រទេសអ៊ីតាលី)" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A9mont" title="Piémont – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Piémont" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyemont" title="Pyemont – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Pyemont" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Пьемонт – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пьемонт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Пьемонт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пьемонт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonti" title="Piemonti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Piemonti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemunti" title="Piemunti – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Piemunti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Piedmont" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Piemont" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86%D8%AA" title="پیدمۆنت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیدمۆنت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Пијемонт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пијемонт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijemont" title="Pijemont – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pijemont" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piamonte" title="Piamonte – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Piamonte" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="பியத்மாந்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பியத்மாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonde" title="Piemonde – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Piemonde" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Пьемонт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пьемонт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95" title="แคว้นปีเยมอนเต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นปีเยมอนเต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyemonte" title="Piyemonte – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Piyemonte" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%27%D1%94%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="П'ємонт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="П'ємонт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%92" title="پیعیمونتے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیعیمونتے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemont%C3%A4n" title="Piemontän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Piemontän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%ABmonte" title="Piëmonte – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Piëmonte" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Piemonte" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="皮埃蒙特大区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="皮埃蒙特大区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%E8%92%99" title="皮耶蒙 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="皮耶蒙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyemont" title="Piyemont – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Piyemont" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="皮埃蒙特大区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皮埃蒙特大区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1216#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Piedmont&params=45_04_N_7_42_E_type:city(4269714)_region:IT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°42′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.067°N 7.700°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.067; 7.700</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region of Italy, located in Northwest Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Piedmont (disambiguation)">Piedmont (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Piedmont</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Piemonte</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Piedmontese-language text"><i lang="pms">Piemont</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_language" title="Piedmontese language">Piedmontese</a>)</span><br /><span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Piemont</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>)</span><br /><span title="Arpitan-language text"><i lang="frp">Piemont</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arpitan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitan language">Arpitan</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Piedmont.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Piedmont"><img alt="Flag of Piedmont" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/100px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/150px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/200px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Piedmont" title="Flag of Piedmont">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regione-Piemonte-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Piedmont"><img alt="Coat of arms of Piedmont" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Regione-Piemonte-Stemma.svg/60px-Regione-Piemonte-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Regione-Piemonte-Stemma.svg/90px-Regione-Piemonte-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Regione-Piemonte-Stemma.svg/120px-Regione-Piemonte-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Bl_Drap%C3%B2_a_deuv_vive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ël Drapò a deuv vive (page does not exist)">Ël Drapò a deuv vive</a></i><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piedmont_in_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Piedmont_in_Italy.svg/250px-Piedmont_in_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Piedmont_in_Italy.svg/375px-Piedmont_in_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Piedmont_in_Italy.svg/500px-Piedmont_in_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Piedmont&params=45_04_N_7_42_E_type:city(4269714)_region:IT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°42′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.067°N 7.700°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.067; 7.700</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Cirio" title="Alberto Cirio">Alberto Cirio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">FI</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">25,402 km<sup>2</sup> (9,808 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 January 2021)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,269,714</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">170/km<sup>2</sup> (440/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English: <span lang="en">Piedmontese</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Piemontese</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€136.007 billion (2021)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">IT-21</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.901<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Italian regions by Human Development Index">10th of 21</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Italy" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">NUTS Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ITC1</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regione.piemonte.it/">www<wbr />.regione<wbr />.piemonte<wbr />.it</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Piedmont</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">PEED</span>-mont</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Piemonte</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[pjeˈmonte]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_language" title="Piedmontese language">Piedmontese</a>: <i lang="pms">Piemont</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pms-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">[pjeˈmʊŋt]</a></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located in <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Italy" title="Northwest Italy">northwest Italy</a>, is one of the 20 <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">regions of Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It borders the <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> region to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> regions to the east, and the <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a> region to the northwest. Piedmont also borders <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> to the north and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> to the west. </p><p>Piedmont has an area of 25,402 km<sup>2</sup> (9,808 sq mi), making it the second-largest region of Italy after <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. As of 31 January 2021, the population was 4,269,714. The capital of Piedmont is <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, which was also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> from 1861 to 1865. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French <i>Piedmont</i>, the Italian <i>Piemonte</i>, and other variant cognates come from the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">medieval Latin</a> <span title="Medieval Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Pedemontium</i></span> or <span title="Medieval Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Pedemontis</i></span>, i.e. <span title="Medieval Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ad pedem montium</i></span>, meaning "at the foot of the mountains" (referring to the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>), attested in documents from the end of the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Piedmont" title="Geography of Piedmont">Geography of Piedmont</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arona_Sancarlone_Vista_su_la_Chiesa_di_San_Carlo_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arona_Sancarlone_Vista_su_la_Chiesa_di_San_Carlo_2.jpg/220px-Arona_Sancarlone_Vista_su_la_Chiesa_di_San_Carlo_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arona_Sancarlone_Vista_su_la_Chiesa_di_San_Carlo_2.jpg/330px-Arona_Sancarlone_Vista_su_la_Chiesa_di_San_Carlo_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arona_Sancarlone_Vista_su_la_Chiesa_di_San_Carlo_2.jpg/440px-Arona_Sancarlone_Vista_su_la_Chiesa_di_San_Carlo_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4536" data-file-height="3259" /></a><figcaption>A view over Piedmont's <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maggiore" title="Lake Maggiore">Lake Maggiore</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arona,_Piedmont" title="Arona, Piedmont">Arona</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sancarlone" title="Sancarlone">Colossus of San Carlo Borromeo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Langhe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Langhe.jpg/220px-Langhe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Langhe.jpg/330px-Langhe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Langhe.jpg/440px-Langhe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Langhe" title="Langhe">Langhe</a> landscape</figcaption></figure> <p>Piedmont is surrounded on three sides by the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Monte_Viso" title="Monte Viso">Monviso</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Po_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Po River">river Po</a> rises, and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Rosa" title="Monte Rosa">Monte Rosa</a>. It borders France (<a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a>), Switzerland (<a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>), and the Italian regions of <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a>, and for a very small part with <a href="/wiki/Emilia_Romagna" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilia Romagna">Emilia Romagna</a>. The geography of Piedmont is 43.3% mountainous, along with extensive areas of hills (30.3%) and plains (26.4%). </p><p>Piedmont is the second largest of Italy's 20 regions, after <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. It is broadly coincident with the upper part of the <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a> of the river <a href="/wiki/Po_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Po River">Po</a>, which rises from the slopes of Monviso in the west of the region and is Italy's largest river. The Po drains the semicircle formed by the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennines">Apennines</a>, which surround the region on three sides. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turin_monte_cappuccini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Turin_monte_cappuccini.jpg/220px-Turin_monte_cappuccini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Turin_monte_cappuccini.jpg/330px-Turin_monte_cappuccini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Turin_monte_cappuccini.jpg/440px-Turin_monte_cappuccini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4141" data-file-height="2755" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The countryside is very diverse: from the rugged peaks of the massifs of Monte Rosa and Gran Paradiso to the damp rice paddies of Vercelli and Novara, from the gentle hillsides of the <a href="/wiki/Langhe" title="Langhe">Langhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roero" title="Roero">Roero</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Montferrat" title="Montferrat">Montferrat</a> to the plains. 7.6% of the entire territory is considered <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected area</a>. There are 56 different national or regional parks; one of the most famous is the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Paradiso_National_Park" title="Gran Paradiso National Park">Gran Paradiso National Park</a>, between Piedmont and the <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a>. </p><p>Piedmont has a typically <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climate</a>, which on the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> becomes progressively temperate-cold and colder as it climbs to altitude. In areas located at low altitudes, winters are relatively cold but not very rainy and often sunny, with the possibility of snowfall, sometimes abundant. Snowfall, on the other hand, is less frequent and occasional in the northeast areas. Summers are hot with local possibilities of strong thunderstorms.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_towns_and_cities">Major towns and cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Major towns and cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Population rank </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">City name </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Population<br />(ab) </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Surface<br />(<a href="/wiki/Square_kilometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Square kilometer">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Density<br />(ab/<a href="/wiki/Square_kilometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Square kilometer">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Altitude<br />(<a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">m s.l.m.</a>) </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Province or<br />metropolitan city </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></b> </td> <td>875,698 </td> <td>130.17 </td> <td>6,786 </td> <td>239 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a></b> </td> <td>104,411 </td> <td>103.05 </td> <td>1,013 </td> <td>162 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Novara" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Novara">NO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a></b> </td> <td>93,884 </td> <td>203.97 </td> <td>460 </td> <td>95 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Alessandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Alessandria">AL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>4</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a></b> </td> <td>76,424 </td> <td>151.82 </td> <td>504 </td> <td>123 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Asti" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Asti">AT</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>5</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moncalieri" title="Moncalieri">Moncalieri</a> </td> <td>57,060 </td> <td>47.63 </td> <td>1,197 </td> <td>260 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>6</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cuneo" title="Cuneo">Cuneo</a></b> </td> <td>56,116 </td> <td>119.88 </td> <td>468 </td> <td>534 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Cuneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Cuneo">CN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>7</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Collegno" title="Collegno">Collegno</a> </td> <td>49,940 </td> <td>18.12 </td> <td>2,756 </td> <td>302 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>8</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rivoli,_Piedmont" title="Rivoli, Piedmont">Rivoli</a> </td> <td>48,819 </td> <td>29.52 </td> <td>1,653 </td> <td>390 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>9</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nichelino" title="Nichelino">Nichelino</a> </td> <td>48,182 </td> <td>20.64 </td> <td>2,334 </td> <td>229 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>10</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Settimo_Torinese" title="Settimo Torinese">Settimo Torinese</a> </td> <td>47,704 </td> <td>32.37 </td> <td>1,473 </td> <td>207 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Below are listed other towns of Piedmont with more than 20,000 inhabitants sorted by population. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Population rank </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">City Name </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Population<br />(ab) </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Surface<br />(<a href="/wiki/Square_kilometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Square kilometer">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Density<br />(ab/<a href="/wiki/Square_kilometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Square kilometer">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Altitude<br />(m <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">s.l.m.</a>) </th> <th style="background:#CCCCFF">Province or<br />metropolitan city </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>11</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Vercelli" title="Vercelli">Vercelli</a></b> </td> <td>46,808 </td> <td>79.85 </td> <td>586 </td> <td>130 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Vercelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Vercelli">VC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>12</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Biella" title="Biella">Biella</a></b> </td> <td>44,860 </td> <td>46.68 </td> <td>961 </td> <td>417 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Biella" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Biella">BI</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>13</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grugliasco" title="Grugliasco">Grugliasco</a> </td> <td>37,906 </td> <td>13.12 </td> <td>2,889 </td> <td>293 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>14</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chieri" title="Chieri">Chieri</a> </td> <td>36,778 </td> <td>54.30 </td> <td>677 </td> <td>305 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>15</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinerolo" title="Pinerolo">Pinerolo</a> </td> <td>35,778 </td> <td>50.28 </td> <td>711 </td> <td>376 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>16</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Casale_Monferrato" title="Casale Monferrato">Casale Monferrato</a> </td> <td>34,565 </td> <td>86.32 </td> <td>400 </td> <td>116 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Alessandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Alessandria">AL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>17</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venaria_Reale" title="Venaria Reale">Venaria Reale</a> </td> <td>34,248 </td> <td>20.29 </td> <td>1,687 </td> <td>262 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>18</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alba,_Piedmont" title="Alba, Piedmont">Alba</a> </td> <td>31,419 </td> <td>54.01 </td> <td>581 </td> <td>172 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Cuneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Cuneo">CN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>19</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Verbania" title="Verbania">Verbania</a></b> </td> <td>30,933 </td> <td>36.62 </td> <td>844 </td> <td>197 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Verbano-Cusio-Ossola" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia del Verbano-Cusio-Ossola">VB</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>20</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bra,_Piedmont" title="Bra, Piedmont">Bra</a> </td> <td>29,705 </td> <td>59.61 </td> <td>498 </td> <td>285 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Cuneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Cuneo">CN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>21</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carmagnola" title="Carmagnola">Carmagnola</a> </td> <td>29,052 </td> <td>96.38 </td> <td>301 </td> <td>240 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>22</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Novi_Ligure" title="Novi Ligure">Novi Ligure</a> </td> <td>28,257 </td> <td>54.22 </td> <td>521 </td> <td>199 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Alessandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Alessandria">AL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>23</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tortona" title="Tortona">Tortona</a> </td> <td>27,575 </td> <td>99.29 </td> <td>278 </td> <td>122 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Alessandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Alessandria">AL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>24</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chivasso" title="Chivasso">Chivasso</a> </td> <td>26,704 </td> <td>51.31 </td> <td>520 </td> <td>183 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>25</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fossano" title="Fossano">Fossano</a> </td> <td>24,743 </td> <td>130.72 </td> <td>189 </td> <td>375 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Cuneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Cuneo">CN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>26</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivrea" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a> </td> <td>23,598 </td> <td>30.19 </td> <td>781 </td> <td>253 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>27</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orbassano" title="Orbassano">Orbassano</a> </td> <td>23,240 </td> <td>22.05 </td> <td>1,053 </td> <td>273 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">TO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>28</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mondov%C3%AC" title="Mondovì">Mondovì</a> </td> <td>22,592 </td> <td>87.25 </td> <td>258 </td> <td>395 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Cuneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Cuneo">CN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>29</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borgomanero" title="Borgomanero">Borgomanero</a> </td> <td>21,709 </td> <td>32.36 </td> <td>670 </td> <td>307 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Novara" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Novara">NO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>30</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Savigliano" title="Savigliano">Savigliano</a> </td> <td>21,306 </td> <td>110.73 </td> <td>192 </td> <td>321 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Cuneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Cuneo">CN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>31</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trecate" title="Trecate">Trecate</a> </td> <td>20,329 </td> <td>38.38 </td> <td>529 </td> <td>136 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Novara" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Novara">NO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>32</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acqui_Terme" title="Acqui Terme">Acqui Terme</a> </td> <td>20,054 </td> <td>33.30 </td> <td>602 </td> <td>156 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Alessandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Alessandria">AL</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torino-portapalatina01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Torino-portapalatina01.jpg/220px-Torino-portapalatina01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Torino-portapalatina01.jpg/330px-Torino-portapalatina01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Torino-portapalatina01.jpg/440px-Torino-portapalatina01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The Roman <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Towers" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatine Towers">Palatine Towers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Piedmont was inhabited in early historic times by <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligurian</a> tribes such as the <a href="/wiki/Taurini" title="Taurini">Taurini</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Salassi" title="Salassi">Salassi</a>. They were later subdued by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 220 BC</span>), who founded several colonies there including <i><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Taurinorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusta Taurinorum">Augusta Taurinorum</a></i> (Turin) and <i><a href="/wiki/Eporedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eporedia">Eporedia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ivrea" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a>). After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>, the region was successively invaded by the <a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a> (5th century), <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">East Romans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> (6th century), and <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> (773). </p><p>In the 9th–10th centuries there were further incursions by the <a href="/wiki/Magyars" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyars">Magyars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saracens" class="mw-redirect" title="Saracens">Saracens</a> and Muslim <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time Piedmont, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (medieval)">Kingdom of Italy</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, was subdivided into several marches and counties. In 1046, <a href="/wiki/Otto,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Otto, Count of Savoy">Otto of Savoy</a> added Piedmont to the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a>, with a capital at <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (now in France). Other areas remained independent, such as the powerful <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comuni</a></i> (municipalities) of <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a> and the marquisates of <a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Saluzzo" title="Marquisate of Saluzzo">Saluzzo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Montferrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquisate of Montferrat">Montferrat</a>. The County of Savoy became the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a> in 1416, and Duke <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Emanuele Filiberto</a> moved the seat to Turin in 1563. In 1720, the Duke of Savoy became King of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, founding what evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> and increasing Turin's importance as a European capital. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Alba" title="Republic of Alba">Republic of Alba</a> was created in 1796 as a <a href="/wiki/French_client_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="French client republic">French client republic</a> in Piedmont. A new client republic, the <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Republic" title="Piedmontese Republic">Piedmontese Republic</a>, existed between 1798 and 1799 before it was reoccupied by Austrian and Russian troops. In June 1800 a third client republic, the <a href="/wiki/Subalpine_Republic" title="Subalpine Republic">Subalpine Republic</a>, was established in Piedmont. It fell under full French control in 1801 and it was annexed by France in September 1802. In the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, the Kingdom of Sardinia was restored and furthermore received the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> to strengthen it as a barrier against France. </p><p>Piedmont was a springboard for <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a> in 1859–1861, following earlier unsuccessful wars against the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> in 1820–1821,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1848–1849. This process is sometimes referred to as <i>Piedmontisation</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The efforts were later countered by the efforts of rural farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a> became <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Italy">Kings of Italy</a>, and Turin briefly became the capital of Italy. However, when the Italian capital was moved to <a href="/wiki/Florence,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence, Italy">Florence</a>, and then to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, the administrative and institutional importance of Piedmont was reduced. The only recognition of Piedmont's historical role was that the <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a> of Italy was known as the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Piedmont" title="Prince of Piedmont">Prince of Piedmont</a>. After Italian unification, Piedmont was one of the most important regions in the first Italian industrialization.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_of_the_Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi in Nichelino is a UNESCO World Heritage Site."><img alt="The Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi in Nichelino is a UNESCO World Heritage Site." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Exterior_of_the_Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi.jpg/300px-Exterior_of_the_Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Exterior_of_the_Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi.jpg/450px-Exterior_of_the_Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Exterior_of_the_Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi.jpg/600px-Exterior_of_the_Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7886" data-file-height="5216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi" title="Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi">Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nichelino" title="Nichelino">Nichelino</a> is a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacra_di_San_Michele07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sacra di San Michele is a symbol of Piedmont."><img alt="The Sacra di San Michele is a symbol of Piedmont." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sacra_di_San_Michele07.jpg/300px-Sacra_di_San_Michele07.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sacra_di_San_Michele07.jpg/450px-Sacra_di_San_Michele07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sacra_di_San_Michele07.jpg/600px-Sacra_di_San_Michele07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Sacra_di_San_Michele" title="Sacra di San Michele">Sacra di San Michele</a> is a symbol of Piedmont.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the region was 137.4 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 7.8% of Italy's GDP. <a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a> at <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> was 31,300 euros or 104% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 111% of the EU average.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Piemonte_Agency_for_Investments,_Export_and_Tourism" title="Piemonte Agency for Investments, Export and Tourism">Piemonte Agency for Investments, Export and Tourism</a> began to facilitate outside investment and promote Piedmont's industry and tourism. It was the first Italian institution to combine the activities being carried out by pre-existing local organizations to promote the territory internationally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automotive">Automotive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Automotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiat-500-vorne2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Fiat-500-vorne2.jpg/220px-Fiat-500-vorne2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Fiat-500-vorne2.jpg/330px-Fiat-500-vorne2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Fiat-500-vorne2.jpg/440px-Fiat-500-vorne2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="1676" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fiat_500e" title="Fiat 500e">Fiat 500e</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maserati_Levante_Allegro_Antinori_One_of_One_Genf_2019_1Y7A5992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maserati_Levante_Allegro_Antinori_One_of_One_Genf_2019_1Y7A5992.jpg/220px-Maserati_Levante_Allegro_Antinori_One_of_One_Genf_2019_1Y7A5992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maserati_Levante_Allegro_Antinori_One_of_One_Genf_2019_1Y7A5992.jpg/330px-Maserati_Levante_Allegro_Antinori_One_of_One_Genf_2019_1Y7A5992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maserati_Levante_Allegro_Antinori_One_of_One_Genf_2019_1Y7A5992.jpg/440px-Maserati_Levante_Allegro_Antinori_One_of_One_Genf_2019_1Y7A5992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4424" data-file-height="2602" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maserati_Levante" title="Maserati Levante">Maserati Levante</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The region contains major industrial centres, the most important of which is Turin, home to the <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> conglomerate, but mass-market Fiat cars are not produced anymore, only small-scale manufacturing of luxury <a href="/wiki/Maserati" title="Maserati">Maserati</a> cars (36,702 in 2020). <sup id="cite_ref-carprod_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carprod-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the ex-Fiat plants now belong to other companies: aerospace is owned by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_S.p.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo S.p.A.">Leonardo S.p.A.</a>, turbo jet engines by <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, high-speed trains by <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a>, bearings by <a href="/wiki/SKF" title="SKF">SKF</a>. Fiat does not exist anymore as an independent company; car production belongs to <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a>, and trucks, buses, tractors, agriculture and construction machines are produced by the independent company <a href="/wiki/CNH_Industrial" title="CNH Industrial">CNH Industrial</a> (most manufacturing activity takes place in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, in Piedmont only the production of <a href="/wiki/New_Holland_Construction" title="New Holland Construction">New Holland</a> excavators in <a href="/wiki/San_Mauro_Torinese" title="San Mauro Torinese">San Mauro Torinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/IVECO#Engines" class="mw-redirect" title="IVECO">IVECO</a> diesel engines in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>). Neither of them are headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> anymore, however, some research and development centres are still working. </p><p>Formerly famous automotive design companies also were sold to global automotive groups: <a href="/wiki/Italdesign_Giugiaro" title="Italdesign Giugiaro">Italdesign Giugiaro</a> to <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghia">Ghia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_%26_Mahindra" title="Mahindra & Mahindra">Mahindra</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_Bertone" title="Gruppo Bertone">Bertone</a> went into bankruptcy in 2014. The massive decline in the automotive industry caused other regions like <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> (€163 billion in 2018) and <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> (€161 billion in 2018) to surpass Piedmont (€137 billion in 2018) in GDP and led to relative high unemployment. The peak of <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy#Production_figures" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Italian motor vehicle production</a> is reached in 1989 with 2.22 million units, but in 2019 (before the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">COVID-19 pandemic in Italy</a>) it was only 0.92 million units. Even existing Italian car production now relocated to <a href="/wiki/South_Italy" title="South Italy">South Italy</a>, such as in <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_Pomigliano_d%27Arco_plant" title="Alfa Romeo Pomigliano d'Arco plant">Pomigliano d'Arco</a> (140,478 in 2020), <a href="/wiki/Melfi" title="Melfi">Melfi</a> (229,848 in 2020), and <a href="/wiki/Atessa" title="Atessa">Atessa</a> (257,026 in 2020), because of cost cutting. <sup id="cite_ref-carprod_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carprod-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are some automotive suppliers of: </p> <ul><li>exhaust systems, electronic systems, suspension systems and automotive lighting in <a href="/wiki/Venaria_Reale" title="Venaria Reale">Venaria Reale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rivalta_di_Torino" title="Rivalta di Torino">Rivalta di Torino</a> from <a href="/wiki/Magneti_Marelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Magneti Marelli">Magneti Marelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission" title="Dual-clutch transmission">dual-clutch transmission</a>, gearboxes, drivelines and their mechatronics components from <a href="/wiki/Graziano_Trasmissioni" title="Graziano Trasmissioni">Dana Graziano</a></li> <li>bearings from <a href="/wiki/SKF" title="SKF">SKF</a></li> <li>tires (<a href="/wiki/Michelin" title="Michelin">Michelin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli">Pirelli</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronics_and_industrial_equipment">Electronics and industrial equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Electronics and industrial equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are some important companies in high-tech manufacturing: <a href="/wiki/Comau" title="Comau">Comau</a> (industrial robots) and Prima Industrie (laser equipment). Silicon wafer production is in <a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a> by MEMC. <a href="/wiki/Olivetti" title="Olivetti">Olivetti</a>, once a major <a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">electronics industry</a> whose plants were in <a href="/wiki/Scarmagno" title="Scarmagno">Scarmagno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivrea" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a>, has now turned into a small-scale computer service company and no longer produces computers. <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_S.p.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo S.p.A.">Leonardo</a> Elettronica in Turin-Caselle develops and manufactures airborne mission systems and airborne computers. Machine building has a long tradition in Piedmont with the manufacturing of excavators, telescopic handlers, industrial refrigerators, printing machines, paper machines, packaging machines, glass machines, turbines, and high-speed trains. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Excavator_in_Brittany_France.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Excavator New Holland E 215B"><img alt="Excavator New Holland E 215B" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Excavator_in_Brittany_France.JPG/120px-Excavator_in_Brittany_France.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Excavator_in_Brittany_France.JPG/180px-Excavator_in_Brittany_France.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Excavator_in_Brittany_France.JPG/240px-Excavator_in_Brittany_France.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Excavator <br /><a href="/wiki/New_Holland_Construction" title="New Holland Construction">New Holland</a> E 215B</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roto.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Telescopic Handler Merlo Roto"><img alt="Telescopic Handler Merlo Roto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Roto.jpg/120px-Roto.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Roto.jpg/180px-Roto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Roto.jpg/240px-Roto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="484" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Telescopic Handler Merlo Roto</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comau_AURA_MADE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robot Comau Aura"><img alt="Robot Comau Aura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Comau_AURA_MADE.jpg/64px-Comau_AURA_MADE.jpg" decoding="async" width="64" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Comau_AURA_MADE.jpg/97px-Comau_AURA_MADE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Comau_AURA_MADE.jpg/129px-Comau_AURA_MADE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2109" data-file-height="3917" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Robot<br /><a href="/wiki/Comau" title="Comau">Comau</a> Aura</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italo_NTV_Class_ETR_575_No_575-154.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="High-speed train Alstom AGV"><img alt="High-speed train Alstom AGV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Italo_NTV_Class_ETR_575_No_575-154.jpg/120px-Italo_NTV_Class_ETR_575_No_575-154.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Italo_NTV_Class_ETR_575_No_575-154.jpg/180px-Italo_NTV_Class_ETR_575_No_575-154.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Italo_NTV_Class_ETR_575_No_575-154.jpg/240px-Italo_NTV_Class_ETR_575_No_575-154.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">High-speed train<br /><a href="/wiki/AGV_(train)" title="AGV (train)">Alstom AGV</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aerospace_and_defence">Aerospace and defence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aerospace and defence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most important industries in Piedmont is military aerospace with plants: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_S.p.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo S.p.A.">Leonardo Aircraft</a> Turin-Caselle (Nord and Sud), final assembly of multi-role attack jet <a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">Eurofighter Typhoon</a>, ground-attack jet <a href="/wiki/AMX_International_AMX" title="AMX International AMX">AMX</a> and military transport aircraft <a href="/wiki/Alenia_C-27J_Spartan" title="Alenia C-27J Spartan">C-27J Spartan</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Leonardo Aircraft <a href="/wiki/Cameri" title="Cameri">Novara-Cameri</a>, final assembly of stealth multi-role attack jet <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> Avio Aero in <a href="/wiki/Rivalta_di_Torino" title="Rivalta di Torino">Rivalta di Torino</a>, Turin-Sangone, <a href="/wiki/Borgaretto" class="mw-redirect" title="Borgaretto">Borgaretto</a>, manufacturing of mechanical transmissions for gas turbine, foundry</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avio" title="Avio">Avio</a> in Turin, final assembly of rocket <a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurofighter_F-2000A_%E2%80%98MM7276_-_36-05%E2%80%99_(28906707973).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurofighter Typhoon"><img alt="Eurofighter Typhoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Eurofighter_F-2000A_%E2%80%98MM7276_-_36-05%E2%80%99_%2828906707973%29.jpg/120px-Eurofighter_F-2000A_%E2%80%98MM7276_-_36-05%E2%80%99_%2828906707973%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Eurofighter_F-2000A_%E2%80%98MM7276_-_36-05%E2%80%99_%2828906707973%29.jpg/180px-Eurofighter_F-2000A_%E2%80%98MM7276_-_36-05%E2%80%99_%2828906707973%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Eurofighter_F-2000A_%E2%80%98MM7276_-_36-05%E2%80%99_%2828906707973%29.jpg/240px-Eurofighter_F-2000A_%E2%80%98MM7276_-_36-05%E2%80%99_%2828906707973%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2671" data-file-height="1781" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">Eurofighter Typhoon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:F-35A_flight_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lockheed Martin F-35"><img alt="Lockheed Martin F-35" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/F-35A_flight_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-F-35A_flight_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/F-35A_flight_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-F-35A_flight_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/F-35A_flight_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-F-35A_flight_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1271" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alenia_C27J_Spartan_at_ILA_2010_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alenia C27J Spartan"><img alt="Alenia C27J Spartan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Alenia_C27J_Spartan_at_ILA_2010_11.jpg/120px-Alenia_C27J_Spartan_at_ILA_2010_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Alenia_C27J_Spartan_at_ILA_2010_11.jpg/180px-Alenia_C27J_Spartan_at_ILA_2010_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Alenia_C27J_Spartan_at_ILA_2010_11.jpg/240px-Alenia_C27J_Spartan_at_ILA_2010_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Alenia_C-27J_Spartan" title="Alenia C-27J Spartan">Alenia C27J Spartan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_Air_Force_AMX_fighter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="AMX"><img alt="AMX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Italian_Air_Force_AMX_fighter.jpg/120px-Italian_Air_Force_AMX_fighter.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Italian_Air_Force_AMX_fighter.jpg/180px-Italian_Air_Force_AMX_fighter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Italian_Air_Force_AMX_fighter.jpg/240px-Italian_Air_Force_AMX_fighter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/AMX_International_AMX" title="AMX International AMX">AMX</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maquette_Vega_C_DSC_0020.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Vega C"><img alt="Vega C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Maquette_Vega_C_DSC_0020.JPG/27px-Maquette_Vega_C_DSC_0020.JPG" decoding="async" width="27" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Maquette_Vega_C_DSC_0020.JPG/41px-Maquette_Vega_C_DSC_0020.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Maquette_Vega_C_DSC_0020.JPG/55px-Maquette_Vega_C_DSC_0020.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="5780" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega C</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information_technology">Information technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Information technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piedmont has several notable <a href="/wiki/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="IT">IT</a> firms such as <a href="/wiki/Olivetti" title="Olivetti">Olivetti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arduino" title="Arduino">Arduino</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wool_textiles">Wool textiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Wool textiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Italy is the world's largest exporter of carded (71.8% in 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and combed (73.4% in 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wool fabrics. These are the only two types of fabrics not dominated by Chinese textile exports. There are three industrial districts that process wool in Italy. One of them, <a href="/wiki/Biella" title="Biella">Biella</a>, is located in Piedmont. </p><p>Below are showed some basic stages of wool processing (not complete). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_2801_Wool_Scouring.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scouring"><img alt="Scouring" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/CSIRO_ScienceImage_2801_Wool_Scouring.jpg/79px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_2801_Wool_Scouring.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/CSIRO_ScienceImage_2801_Wool_Scouring.jpg/119px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_2801_Wool_Scouring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/CSIRO_ScienceImage_2801_Wool_Scouring.jpg/159px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_2801_Wool_Scouring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1761" data-file-height="2657" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wool#Scouring" title="Wool">Scouring</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamieson_wool_Shetland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carding"><img alt="Carding" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Jamieson_wool_Shetland.jpg/120px-Jamieson_wool_Shetland.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Jamieson_wool_Shetland.jpg/180px-Jamieson_wool_Shetland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Jamieson_wool_Shetland.jpg/240px-Jamieson_wool_Shetland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4107" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">Carding</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_1852_Machinery_Weaving_Wool.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Combing"><img alt="Combing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1852_Machinery_Weaving_Wool.jpg/120px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1852_Machinery_Weaving_Wool.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1852_Machinery_Weaving_Wool.jpg/180px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1852_Machinery_Weaving_Wool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1852_Machinery_Weaving_Wool.jpg/240px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1852_Machinery_Weaving_Wool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2657" data-file-height="1731" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Combing" title="Combing">Combing</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_11099_Wool_Weaving_Machinery.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weaving"><img alt="Weaving" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/CSIRO_ScienceImage_11099_Wool_Weaving_Machinery.jpg/120px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_11099_Wool_Weaving_Machinery.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/CSIRO_ScienceImage_11099_Wool_Weaving_Machinery.jpg/180px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_11099_Wool_Weaving_Machinery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/CSIRO_ScienceImage_11099_Wool_Weaving_Machinery.jpg/240px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_11099_Wool_Weaving_Machinery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2657" data-file-height="1968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewellery">Jewellery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jewellery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of Italy's four industrial jewellery districts is located in <a href="/wiki/Valenza_Po" class="mw-redirect" title="Valenza Po">Valenza</a>. Large jewellery companies such as <a href="/wiki/Damiani_(jewelry_company)" title="Damiani (jewelry company)">Damiani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari">Bulgari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)" title="Cartier (jeweler)">Cartier</a> have factories here as do many other smaller companies. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgari-Manufaktur_in_Valenza,_Piemont.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulgari factory in Valenza"><img alt="Bulgari factory in Valenza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bulgari-Manufaktur_in_Valenza%2C_Piemont.jpg/120px-Bulgari-Manufaktur_in_Valenza%2C_Piemont.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bulgari-Manufaktur_in_Valenza%2C_Piemont.jpg/180px-Bulgari-Manufaktur_in_Valenza%2C_Piemont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bulgari-Manufaktur_in_Valenza%2C_Piemont.jpg/240px-Bulgari-Manufaktur_in_Valenza%2C_Piemont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4790" data-file-height="3593" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari">Bulgari</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Valenza" title="Valenza">Valenza</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bismarck_Necklace_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartier: Bismarck sapphire necklace"><img alt="Cartier: Bismarck sapphire necklace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bismarck_Necklace_%28crop%29.jpg/80px-Bismarck_Necklace_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bismarck_Necklace_%28crop%29.jpg/120px-Bismarck_Necklace_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bismarck_Necklace_%28crop%29.jpg/160px-Bismarck_Necklace_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="756" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartier: <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Sapphire_Necklace" title="Bismarck Sapphire Necklace">Bismarck sapphire necklace</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartier: Mackay emerald and diamond necklace"><img alt="Cartier: Mackay emerald and diamond necklace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg/90px-Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg/135px-Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg/180px-Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartier: Mackay emerald and diamond necklace</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_rice_fields_near_Vercelli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_rice_fields_near_Vercelli.jpg/220px-The_rice_fields_near_Vercelli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_rice_fields_near_Vercelli.jpg/330px-The_rice_fields_near_Vercelli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_rice_fields_near_Vercelli.jpg/440px-The_rice_fields_near_Vercelli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Rice fields between <a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vercelli" title="Vercelli">Vercelli</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lowland Piedmont is a fertile agricultural region. The main agricultural products in Piedmont are <a href="/wiki/Cereals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cereals">cereals</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, representing more than 10% of national production, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>-making, <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-europa1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europa1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With more than 800,000 head of cattle in 2000, livestock production accounts for half of total agricultural production in Piedmont. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Piemonte_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piemonte (wine)">Piedmont</a> is one of the great winegrowing regions in Italy. More than half of its 700 km<sup>2</sup> (170,000 acres) of vineyards are registered with <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_Origine_Controllata" class="mw-redirect" title="Denominazione di Origine Controllata">DOC</a> designations. It produces prestigious wines as <a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Barolo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbaresco" title="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Langhe" title="Langhe">Langhe</a> near <a href="/wiki/Alba_(CN)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alba (CN)">Alba</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Moscato_d%27Asti" title="Moscato d'Asti">Moscato d'Asti</a> and sparkling <a href="/wiki/Asti_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asti (wine)">Asti</a> from the vineyards around <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a>. The city of Asti is about 55 km (34 mi) east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River and is one of the most important centres of <a href="/wiki/Montferrat" title="Montferrat">Montferrat</a>, one of the best known Italian wine districts in the world, declared officially on 22 June 2014 a UNESCO World Heritage site.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indigenous grape varieties include <a href="/wiki/Nebbiolo" title="Nebbiolo">Nebbiolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolcetto" title="Dolcetto">Dolcetto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freisa" title="Freisa">Freisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grignolino" title="Grignolino">Grignolino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brachetto" title="Brachetto">Brachetto</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Verbania_Vista_sul_Lago_Maggiore_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Verbania_Vista_sul_Lago_Maggiore_13.jpg/220px-Verbania_Vista_sul_Lago_Maggiore_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Verbania_Vista_sul_Lago_Maggiore_13.jpg/330px-Verbania_Vista_sul_Lago_Maggiore_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Verbania_Vista_sul_Lago_Maggiore_13.jpg/440px-Verbania_Vista_sul_Lago_Maggiore_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4493" data-file-height="2915" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Verbania" title="Verbania">Verbania</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macugnaga.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Macugnaga.JPG/220px-Macugnaga.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Macugnaga.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Macugnaga" title="Macugnaga">Macugnaga</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tourism in Piedmont employs 75,534 people and involves 17,367 companies operating in the hospitality and catering sector, with 1,473 hotels and other tourist accommodation. The sector generates a turnover of €2,671 million, 3.3% of the €80,196 million total estimated spending on tourism in Italy. The region is popular with both foreign visitors and those from other parts of Italy. In 2002 there were 2,651,068 total arrivals, 1,124,696 (42%) of whom were foreign. The traditional leading areas for tourism in Piedmont are the Lake District ("Piedmont's riviera"), which accounts for 32.84% of total overnight stays, and the metropolitan area of Turin, which accounts for 26.51%.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Turin hosted the <a href="/wiki/XX_Olympic_Winter_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="XX Olympic Winter Games">XX Olympic Winter Games</a>, and in 2007 it hosted the <a href="/wiki/2007_Winter_Universiade" title="2007 Winter Universiade">XXIII Universiade</a>. Alpine tourism tends to concentrate in a few highly developed stations like <a href="/wiki/Alagna_Valsesia" title="Alagna Valsesia">Alagna Valsesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sestriere" title="Sestriere">Sestriere</a>. Around 1980, the long-distance trail <a href="/wiki/Grande_Traversata_delle_Alpi" title="Grande Traversata delle Alpi">Grande Traversata delle Alpi</a> (GTA) was created to draw more attention to the variety of remote, sparsely inhabited valleys. Within the tourism industry in Piedmont, a reference to the system of Royal Residences has to be made. First of all, it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1997 and, secondly, it represents a peculiarity of the region, since such a network cannot be found elsewhere in Italy. The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy belong to the historical and cultural heritage of Piedmont and nowadays they play a central role in the tourism field.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a reality in which the tourism industry is characterized by an amalgam of several players and stakeholders, the creation of a system or network like the one of the Royal Residences represents an added benefit for the whole territory as well as a competitive edge.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, considering that tourism is a key factor in the creation of long-lasting value and working in a cooperative and collaborative perspective is essential,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the network of the Royal Residences represents an example worth of notice. </p><p>Piedmont has many small and picturesque villages, 20 of them have been selected by <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/I_Borghi_pi%C3%B9_belli_d%27Italia" title="I Borghi più belli d'Italia">I Borghi più belli d'Italia</a></i></span> (English: <span lang="en">The most beautiful Villages of Italy</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These villages are:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vogogna_veduta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vogogna_veduta.jpg/220px-Vogogna_veduta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vogogna_veduta.jpg/330px-Vogogna_veduta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vogogna_veduta.jpg/440px-Vogogna_veduta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vogogna" title="Vogogna">Vogogna</a> is one of "<a href="/wiki/I_Borghi_pi%C3%B9_belli_d%27Italia" title="I Borghi più belli d'Italia">The Most Beautiful Villages in Italy</a>".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OrtaSanGiulioAug132024_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/OrtaSanGiulioAug132024_02.jpg/220px-OrtaSanGiulioAug132024_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/OrtaSanGiulioAug132024_02.jpg/330px-OrtaSanGiulioAug132024_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/OrtaSanGiulioAug132024_02.jpg/440px-OrtaSanGiulioAug132024_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="6048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orta_San_Giulio" title="Orta San Giulio">Orta San Giulio</a> is one of "<a href="/wiki/I_Borghi_pi%C3%B9_belli_d%27Italia" title="I Borghi più belli d'Italia">The Most Beautiful Villages in Italy</a>".</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barolo,_Piedmont" title="Barolo, Piedmont">Barolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castagnole_delle_Lanze" title="Castagnole delle Lanze">Castagnole delle Lanze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cella_Monte" title="Cella Monte">Cella Monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontechianale" title="Pontechianale">Chianale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocconato" title="Cocconato">Cocconato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbagna,_Piedmont" title="Garbagna, Piedmont">Garbagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garessio" title="Garessio">Garessio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarene" title="Guarene">Guarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingria,_Piedmont" title="Ingria, Piedmont">Ingria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombaldone" title="Mombaldone">Mombaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monforte_d%27Alba" title="Monforte d'Alba">Monforte d'Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neive" title="Neive">Neive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orta_San_Giulio" title="Orta San Giulio">Orta San Giulio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostana" title="Ostana">Ostana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candelo" title="Candelo">Ricetto di Candelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosazza" title="Rosazza">Rosazza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usseaux" title="Usseaux">Usseauso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortona" title="Tortona">Vho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogogna" title="Vogogna">Vogogna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volpedo" title="Volpedo">Volpedo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unemployment">Unemployment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Unemployment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The unemployment rate stood at 6.2% in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018 </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2021 </th> <th>2022 </th> <th>2023 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Unemployment rate</b> </td> <td>4.1% </td> <td>4.2% </td> <td>5.1% </td> <td>6.8% </td> <td>7.5% </td> <td>7.6% </td> <td>9.2% </td> <td>10.5% </td> <td>11.3% </td> <td>10.2% </td> <td>9.3% </td> <td>9.1% </td> <td>8.2% </td> <td>7.7% </td> <td>7.5% </td> <td>7.3% </td> <td>6.5% </td> <td>6.2% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airbus_A320_of_Lufthansa_with_sharklets_(D-AIZS).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Airbus_A320_of_Lufthansa_with_sharklets_%28D-AIZS%29.jpg/220px-Airbus_A320_of_Lufthansa_with_sharklets_%28D-AIZS%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Airbus_A320_of_Lufthansa_with_sharklets_%28D-AIZS%29.jpg/330px-Airbus_A320_of_Lufthansa_with_sharklets_%28D-AIZS%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Airbus_A320_of_Lufthansa_with_sharklets_%28D-AIZS%29.jpg/440px-Airbus_A320_of_Lufthansa_with_sharklets_%28D-AIZS%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4370" data-file-height="2468" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Turin_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin International Airport">Turin-Caselle International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Turin_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin International Airport">Turin-Caselle International Airport</a> has domestic and international flights and handle 3,952,158 passengers and 3,334 tons of cargo in 2019 (before the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-europa1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europa1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land">Land</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Land"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are links with neighbouring France via the <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus_Road_Tunnel" title="Fréjus Road Tunnel">Fréjus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colle_di_Tenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Colle di Tenda">Colle di Tenda</a> tunnels as well as the <a href="/wiki/Col_de_Montgen%C3%A8vre" title="Col de Montgenèvre">Montgenèvre Pass</a>. Piedmont also connects with <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Pass" title="Simplon Pass">Simplon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_St_Bernard" class="mw-redirect" title="Great St Bernard">Great St Bernard</a> passes. It is possible to reach Switzerland via a normal road that crosses eastern Piedmont, starting from <a href="/wiki/Arona,_Piedmont" title="Arona, Piedmont">Arona</a> and ending in <a href="/wiki/Locarno" title="Locarno">Locarno</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Switzerland_border" title="Italy–Switzerland border">Swiss border</a>. The region has the longest motorway network amongst the Italian regions, covering approximately 800 km (500 mi). It radiates from Turin, connecting it with the other provinces in the region, as well as with the other regions in Italy. In 2001, the number of passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants was 623 (above the national average of 575).<sup id="cite_ref-europa1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europa1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a <a href="/wiki/Turin%E2%80%93Milan_high-speed_railway" title="Turin–Milan high-speed railway">Turin–Milan high-speed railway</a>; the travel time is only 52 minutes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin" title="University of Turin">University of Turin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_Piedmont" title="Category:Universities in Piedmont">Category:Universities in Piedmont</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valentino_castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Valentino_castle.jpg/220px-Valentino_castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Valentino_castle.jpg/330px-Valentino_castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Valentino_castle.jpg/440px-Valentino_castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>School of architecture of the <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Turin" title="Polytechnic University of Turin">Polytechnic University of Turin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Castello_del_Valentino" title="Castello del Valentino">Castello del Valentino</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of Piedmont is anchored on a rich history of state support for higher education, including some of the leading universities in Italy. Piedmont is home to the famous <a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin" title="University of Turin">University of Turin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Turin" title="Polytechnic University of Turin">Polytechnic University of Turin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Eastern_Piedmont" title="University of Eastern Piedmont">University of Eastern Piedmont</a>, and more recently the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,759,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,928,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,090,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,319,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">3,414,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,439,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,458,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,418,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,518,177</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">3,914,250</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+11.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,432,313</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,479,031</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,302,565</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,214,677</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">4,363,916</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,256,350</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a> 2001</td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>31 December 2018 largest resident foreign citizens groups<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Country of birth</b></th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>147,916 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>54,151 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></td> <td>40,919 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>20,091 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td>12,638 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> <td>11,579 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>10,435 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></td> <td>8,945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>7,889 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td>7,626 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td>6,463 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>6,309 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>5,301 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>5,084 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The population density in Piedmont is lower than the national average. In 2008, it was equal to 174 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>, compared to the national figure of about 200. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">Metropolitan City of Turin</a> has 335 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>, whereas <a href="/wiki/Verbano-Cusio-Ossola" class="mw-redirect" title="Verbano-Cusio-Ossola">Verbano-Cusio-Ossola</a> is the least densely populated province, with 72 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurostat_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of Piedmont followed a downward trend throughout the 1980s, a result of the natural negative balance (of some 3 to 4% per year), while the migratory balance since 1986 has again become positive because of immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurostat_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population remained stable in the 1990s. </p><p>The Turin metro area grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s due to an increase of immigrants from southern Italy and Veneto and today it has a population of approximately two million. As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Italian national institute of statistics (ISTAT) estimated that 310,543 foreign-born immigrants lived in Piedmont, equal to 7.0% of the total regional population. Most immigrants come from Eastern Europe (mostly from Romania, Albania, and Ukraine) with smaller communities of African immigrants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Piedmont" title="Politics of Piedmont">Politics of Piedmont</a></div> <p>The Regional Government (<i>Giunta Regionale</i>) is presided by the president of the region (<i>presidente della regione</i>), who is elected for a five-year term and is composed of the president and 14 ministers, including a vice president (<i>vice presidente</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2010_Piedmontese_regional_election" title="2010 Piedmontese regional election">2010 Piedmontese regional election</a>, which took place on 29–30 March, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Cota" title="Roberto Cota">Roberto Cota</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> defeated incumbent <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Bresso" title="Mercedes Bresso">Mercedes Bresso</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a> (PD). For the <a href="/wiki/2014_Piedmontese_regional_election" title="2014 Piedmontese regional election">2014 Piedmontese regional election</a>, Cota chose not to stand again for president and the parties composing his coalition failed to agree on a single candidate, resulting in a landslide victory for <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Chiamparino" title="Sergio Chiamparino">Sergio Chiamparino</a>, a member of the PD who had been <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Turin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Turin">mayor of Turin</a> from 2001 to 2011. Chiamparino was in charge until the <a href="/wiki/2019_Piedmontese_regional_election" title="2019 Piedmontese regional election">2019 Piedmontese regional election</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Cirio" title="Alberto Cirio">Alberto Cirio</a> of <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">Forza Italia</a> became the new president of the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piedmont is divided into eight provinces. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable centered"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccf;">Province </th> <th style="background:#ccf;">Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th style="background:#ccf;">Population </th> <th style="background:#ccf;">Density (inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alessandria" title="Province of Alessandria">Province of Alessandria</a> </td> <td>3,560 </td> <td>431,885 </td> <td>121.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Asti" title="Province of Asti">Province of Asti</a> </td> <td>1,504 </td> <td>219,292 </td> <td>145.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Biella" title="Province of Biella">Province of Biella</a> </td> <td>913 </td> <td>181,089 </td> <td>204.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuneo" title="Province of Cuneo">Province of Cuneo</a> </td> <td>6,903 </td> <td>592,060 </td> <td>85.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Novara" title="Province of Novara">Province of Novara</a> </td> <td>1,339 </td> <td>371,418 </td> <td>277.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">Metropolitan City of Turin</a> </td> <td>6,821 </td> <td>2,291,719 </td> <td>335.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Verbano-Cusio-Ossola" title="Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola">Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola</a> </td> <td>2,255 </td> <td>160,883 </td> <td>71.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Vercelli" title="Province of Vercelli">Province of Vercelli</a> </td> <td>2,088 </td> <td>176,121 </td> <td>84.3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piedmont_Provinces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Piedmont_Provinces.png/350px-Piedmont_Provinces.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Piedmont_Provinces.png/525px-Piedmont_Provinces.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Piedmont_Provinces.png/700px-Piedmont_Provinces.png 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of Piedmont</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piedmontese_Language_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Piedmontese_Language_distribution.png/220px-Piedmontese_Language_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Piedmontese_Language_distribution.png/330px-Piedmontese_Language_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Piedmontese_Language_distribution.png/440px-Piedmontese_Language_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2319" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_language" title="Piedmontese language">Piedmontese language</a> distribution: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d5001d; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Areas where Piedmontese is spoken (municipalities where <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Franco-Provençal">Arpitan</a> presence is only de jure are included)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff203e; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Areas where Piedmontese is spoken alongside other languages (Occitan, Arpitan and <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic</a>) and areas of linguistic transition (with <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_language" title="Ligurian language">Ligurian</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a>)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>As in the rest of Italy, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> is the official national language. The main local languages are <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_language" title="Piedmontese language">Piedmontese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Lombard_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Lombard dialect">Insubric</a> (spoken in the eastern part of the region), <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> (spoken by a minority in the <a href="/wiki/Occitan_Valleys" title="Occitan Valleys">Occitan Valleys</a> situated in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuneo" title="Province of Cuneo">Province of Cuneo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">Metropolitan City of Turin</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Franco-Provençal</a> (spoken by another minority in the alpine heights of the Metropolitan City of Turin), like in the <a href="/wiki/Susa_Valley" title="Susa Valley">Susa Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walser_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Walser language">Walser</a> (spoken by a minority in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Vercelli" title="Province of Vercelli">Province of Vercelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Verbano-Cusio-Ossola" title="Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola">Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LovageAgnoCattailPurslane_(8312537016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/LovageAgnoCattailPurslane_%288312537016%29.jpg/220px-LovageAgnoCattailPurslane_%288312537016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/LovageAgnoCattailPurslane_%288312537016%29.jpg/330px-LovageAgnoCattailPurslane_%288312537016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/LovageAgnoCattailPurslane_%288312537016%29.jpg/440px-LovageAgnoCattailPurslane_%288312537016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Agnolotti" title="Agnolotti">Agnolotti</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Risotto_with_White_Truffles_from_Alba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Risotto_with_White_Truffles_from_Alba.jpg/220px-Risotto_with_White_Truffles_from_Alba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Risotto_with_White_Truffles_from_Alba.jpg/330px-Risotto_with_White_Truffles_from_Alba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Risotto_with_White_Truffles_from_Alba.jpg/440px-Risotto_with_White_Truffles_from_Alba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3054" data-file-height="2036" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">Risotto</a></i> topped with <a href="/wiki/Tuber_magnatum" title="Tuber magnatum">white truffle</a> shavings</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vitello_tonnato.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Vitello_tonnato.jpg/220px-Vitello_tonnato.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Vitello_tonnato.jpg/330px-Vitello_tonnato.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Vitello_tonnato.jpg/440px-Vitello_tonnato.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="3776" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Vitello_tonnato" title="Vitello tonnato">Vitello tonnato</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polenta_e_bruscitti_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg/220px-Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg/330px-Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg/440px-Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Bruscitti" title="Bruscitti">Bruscitti</a></i> served with <i><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a></i> porridge</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese cuisine</a> is the style of cooking in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italian</a> region of Piedmont. Bordering <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, Piedmontese cuisine is partly influenced by <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French cuisine</a>; this is demonstrated in particular by the importance of appetizers, a set of courses that precede what is traditionally called a first course and aimed at whetting the appetite. In France these courses are fewer and are called <i>entrée</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PI_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PI-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is a region in Italy with the largest number of <a href="/wiki/Category:Piedmontese_cheeses" title="Category:Piedmontese cheeses">cheeses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_wine" title="Piedmont wine">wines</a>. The most prestigious Italian culinary school, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Gastronomic_Sciences" title="University of Gastronomic Sciences">University of Gastronomic Sciences</a>, was founded in Piedmont. Similar to other Northern Italian cuisines, veal, wine, and butter are among the main ingredients used in cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some well-known dishes include <i><a href="/wiki/Agnolotti" title="Agnolotti">agnolotti</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vitello_tonnato" title="Vitello tonnato">vitello tonnato</a></i> (also popular in Argentina), and <i><a href="/wiki/Bagna_c%C3%A0uda" title="Bagna càuda">bagna càuda</a></i>. Piedmont is also credited for the famous pasta dish <a href="/wiki/Tagliolini" title="Tagliolini">tagliolini</a> (<i>tajarin</i> in <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_language" title="Piedmontese language">Piedmontese</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tagliolini</i> are a type of egg <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a> normally made fresh by hand. According to Italian writer and journalist Massimo Alberini, <i>tagliolini</i> was among <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">King Victor Emmanuel II</a>'s preferred dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Verbano-Cusio-Ossola" title="Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola">Verbano-Cusio-Ossola</a> area<sup id="cite_ref-caffeinamagazine_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caffeinamagazine-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are <i><a href="/wiki/Bruscitti" title="Bruscitti">bruscitti</a></i>, originating from <a href="/wiki/Alto_Milanese" title="Alto Milanese">Alto Milanese</a>, a dish of braised meat cut very thin and cooked in wine and <a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel seeds</a>, historically obtained by stripping leftover meat. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food Movement</a> was started in Piedmont by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Petrini" title="Carlo Petrini">Carlo Petrini</a> who was from the town of <a href="/wiki/Bra,_Piedmont" title="Bra, Piedmont">Bra, Piedmont</a>. The movement greatly benefited the region by highlighting Piedmont's diverse cuisine. The Slow Food Movement offices are still headquartered in the town of Bra. </p><p>The town of <a href="/wiki/Alba,_Piedmont" title="Alba, Piedmont">Alba</a> is known for its gourmet food. It is also the region where <a href="/wiki/Tuber_magnatum" title="Tuber magnatum">Alba white truffles</a> are found. <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2006, the Piedmont region has benefited from the start of the <a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food</a> movement and <a href="/wiki/Terra_Madre" title="Terra Madre">Terra Madre</a>, events that highlighted the rich agricultural and <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticultural</a> value of the Po Valley and northern Italy. A chain of food halls <a href="/wiki/Eataly" title="Eataly">Eataly</a> works in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food</a>. Piedmont is the leading producer of confectionery, coffee, rice, and white truffles in Italy. It is ranked 3 of 20 for the production of quality DOC and DOCG wines with 1,982,718 hl, there are 17 DOCG wines of all possible types (white, red, sweet, sparkling). In 2019, Piedmont accounted for 16.5% of wine exports from Italy, ranking second behind <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>, with 36%.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The typical food industries in Piedmont are: </p> <ul><li>alcoholic beverages <ul><li>production of quality dry red wines from <a href="/wiki/Nebbiolo" title="Nebbiolo">Nebbiolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolcetto" title="Dolcetto">Dolcetto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a> grapes</li> <li>production of quality dry white wines</li> <li>production of sweet white wines from <a href="/wiki/Erbaluce" title="Erbaluce">Erbaluce</a> grapes</li> <li>production of <a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">vermouth</a>, which was invented in Piedmont</li> <li>production of sparkling wine <a href="/wiki/Asti_wine" title="Asti wine">Asti Spumante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alta_Langa" class="mw-redirect" title="Alta Langa">Alta Langa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cortese_di_Gavi" title="Cortese di Gavi">Gavi</a></li></ul></li> <li>coffee <ul><li>production of coffee <a href="/wiki/Lavazza" title="Lavazza">Lavazza</a></li> <li>production of coffee/chocolate liqueur <a href="/wiki/Bicerin" title="Bicerin">Bicerin</a></li></ul></li> <li>confectionery <ul><li>production of traditional <a href="/wiki/Gianduiotto" title="Gianduiotto">Chocolate Gianduiotto</a></li> <li>production of different kind of <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Praline_(nut_confection)" title="Praline (nut confection)">pralines</a></li> <li>production of <a href="/wiki/Torrone" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrone">torrone</a></li> <li>production of sweet paste <a href="/wiki/Nutella" title="Nutella">Nutella</a></li> <li>production of <a href="/wiki/Biscuit" title="Biscuit">biscotto</a></li></ul></li> <li>delicacy <ul><li>production of <a href="/wiki/Tuber_magnatum" title="Tuber magnatum">white truffles</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alba,_Piedmont" title="Alba, Piedmont">Alba</a> and related products with white truffles like condiments, honey, salami, and prosciutto</li> <li>production of high-quality marinated beef Gradisca or dried beef <a href="/wiki/Bresaola" title="Bresaola">Bresaola</a></li></ul></li> <li>cereals <ul><li>production of dry <a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">risotto</a> mixes</li></ul></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barolo_in_Piemonte,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wine Barolo"><img alt="Wine Barolo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Barolo_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/80px-Barolo_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Barolo_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/120px-Barolo_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Barolo_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/160px-Barolo_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Wine Barolo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marini_IMG_0024.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Vermouth Martini"><img alt="Vermouth Martini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marini_IMG_0024.JPG/120px-Marini_IMG_0024.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marini_IMG_0024.JPG/180px-Marini_IMG_0024.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marini_IMG_0024.JPG/240px-Marini_IMG_0024.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Martini_(vermouth)" title="Martini (vermouth)">Vermouth Martini</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cinzano_Asti_Spumante,_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asti Spumante"><img alt="Asti Spumante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cinzano_Asti_Spumante%2C_2012.jpg/80px-Cinzano_Asti_Spumante%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cinzano_Asti_Spumante%2C_2012.jpg/120px-Cinzano_Asti_Spumante%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cinzano_Asti_Spumante%2C_2012.jpg/160px-Cinzano_Asti_Spumante%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3284" data-file-height="4926" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Asti_wine" title="Asti wine">Asti Spumante</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Mot_de_la_Faim_(restaurant)_-_expresso.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Coffee Lavazza"><img alt="Coffee Lavazza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Le_Mot_de_la_Faim_%28restaurant%29_-_expresso.JPG/120px-Le_Mot_de_la_Faim_%28restaurant%29_-_expresso.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Le_Mot_de_la_Faim_%28restaurant%29_-_expresso.JPG/180px-Le_Mot_de_la_Faim_%28restaurant%29_-_expresso.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Le_Mot_de_la_Faim_%28restaurant%29_-_expresso.JPG/240px-Le_Mot_de_la_Faim_%28restaurant%29_-_expresso.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lavazza" title="Lavazza">Coffee Lavazza</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gianduiotti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chocolate Gianduiotto"><img alt="Chocolate Gianduiotto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gianduiotti.jpg/120px-Gianduiotti.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gianduiotti.jpg/180px-Gianduiotti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gianduiotti.jpg/240px-Gianduiotti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="1964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gianduiotto" title="Gianduiotto">Chocolate Gianduiotto</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nutella_ak.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nutella"><img alt="Nutella" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nutella_ak.jpg/120px-Nutella_ak.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nutella_ak.jpg/180px-Nutella_ak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nutella_ak.jpg/240px-Nutella_ak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1514" data-file-height="1004" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nutella" title="Nutella">Nutella</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuber_Magnatum_Pico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="White Truffles from Alba"><img alt="White Truffles from Alba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Tuber_Magnatum_Pico.jpg/120px-Tuber_Magnatum_Pico.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Tuber_Magnatum_Pico.jpg/180px-Tuber_Magnatum_Pico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Tuber_Magnatum_Pico.jpg/240px-Tuber_Magnatum_Pico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3316" data-file-height="2232" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tuber_magnatum" title="Tuber magnatum">White Truffles</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alba" title="Alba">Alba</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Risotto_ai_funghi_porcini.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Risotto ai funghi porcini"><img alt="Risotto ai funghi porcini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Risotto_ai_funghi_porcini.JPG/120px-Risotto_ai_funghi_porcini.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Risotto_ai_funghi_porcini.JPG/180px-Risotto_ai_funghi_porcini.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Risotto_ai_funghi_porcini.JPG/240px-Risotto_ai_funghi_porcini.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">Risotto</a> ai funghi porcini</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_1129_Turin_Grissini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grissini"><img alt="Grissini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2016_1129_Turin_Grissini.jpg/120px-2016_1129_Turin_Grissini.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2016_1129_Turin_Grissini.jpg/180px-2016_1129_Turin_Grissini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2016_1129_Turin_Grissini.jpg/240px-2016_1129_Turin_Grissini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Grissini" class="mw-redirect" title="Grissini">Grissini</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Piedmont" title="List of museums in Piedmont">List of museums in Piedmont</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mole_Antonelliana_(Torino)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Mole_Antonelliana_%28Torino%29_01.jpg/220px-Mole_Antonelliana_%28Torino%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Mole_Antonelliana_%28Torino%29_01.jpg/330px-Mole_Antonelliana_%28Torino%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Mole_Antonelliana_%28Torino%29_01.jpg/440px-Mole_Antonelliana_%28Torino%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Cinema" title="National Museum of Cinema">National Museum of Cinema</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torino,_museo_del_Risorgimento_italiano_(06).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Torino%2C_museo_del_Risorgimento_italiano_%2806%29.jpg/220px-Torino%2C_museo_del_Risorgimento_italiano_%2806%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Torino%2C_museo_del_Risorgimento_italiano_%2806%29.jpg/330px-Torino%2C_museo_del_Risorgimento_italiano_%2806%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Torino%2C_museo_del_Risorgimento_italiano_%2806%29.jpg/440px-Torino%2C_museo_del_Risorgimento_italiano_%2806%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Risorgimento_(Turin)" title="Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)">Museum of the Risorgimento of Turin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torino,_museo_nazionale_dell%27Automobile_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Torino%2C_museo_nazionale_dell%27Automobile_%2802%29.jpg/220px-Torino%2C_museo_nazionale_dell%27Automobile_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Torino%2C_museo_nazionale_dell%27Automobile_%2802%29.jpg/330px-Torino%2C_museo_nazionale_dell%27Automobile_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Torino%2C_museo_nazionale_dell%27Automobile_%2802%29.jpg/440px-Torino%2C_museo_nazionale_dell%27Automobile_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3514" data-file-height="2343" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museo_Nazionale_dell%27Automobile" title="Museo Nazionale dell'Automobile">Museo Nazionale dell'Automobile</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Egizio_e_Galleria_sabauda,_Torino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Museo_Egizio_e_Galleria_sabauda%2C_Torino.jpg/220px-Museo_Egizio_e_Galleria_sabauda%2C_Torino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Museo_Egizio_e_Galleria_sabauda%2C_Torino.jpg/330px-Museo_Egizio_e_Galleria_sabauda%2C_Torino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Museo_Egizio_e_Galleria_sabauda%2C_Torino.jpg/440px-Museo_Egizio_e_Galleria_sabauda%2C_Torino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2883" data-file-height="2007" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museo_Egizio" title="Museo Egizio">Museo Egizio</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accorsi_-_Ometto_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Accorsi - Ometto Museum">Accorsi - Ometto Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Cavassa" title="Casa Cavassa">Casa Cavassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castello_della_Manta" title="Castello della Manta">Castello della Manta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncalieri_Castle" title="Moncalieri Castle">Castle of Moncalieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Racconigi" title="Castle of Racconigi">Castle of Racconigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Rivoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Rivoli">Castle of Rivoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cittadella_of_Alessandria" title="Cittadella of Alessandria">Cittadella of Alessandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraggiana_Ferrandi_Natural_History_Museum" title="Faraggiana Ferrandi Natural History Museum">Faraggiana Ferrandi Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forte_Albertino" title="Forte Albertino">Forte Albertino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_of_Exilles" title="Fort of Exilles">Fort of Exilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-Museum" title="J-Museum">Juventus Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana" title="Mole Antonelliana">Mole Antonelliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Francesco_Borgogna" title="Museo Francesco Borgogna">Museo Borgogna (Vercelli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Civico_d%27Arte_Antica" title="Museo Civico d'Arte Antica">Museo Civico d'Arte Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Eusebio_Civic_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Natural_Sciences,_Alba" title="Federico Eusebio Civic Museum of Archaeology and Natural Sciences, Alba">Museo Civico Federico Eusebio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Egizio" title="Museo Egizio">Museo Egizio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Francesco_Borgogna" title="Museo Francesco Borgogna">Museo Francesco Borgogna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Nazionale_dell%27Automobile" title="Museo Nazionale dell'Automobile">Museo Nazionale dell'Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Human_Anatomy_Luigi_Rolando" title="Museum of Human Anatomy Luigi Rolando">Museum of Human Anatomy Luigi Rolando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Oriental_Art_(Turin)" title="Museum of Oriental Art (Turin)">Museum of Oriental Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Risorgimento_(Turin)" title="Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)">Museum of the Risorgimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Venaria" title="Palace of Venaria">Palace of Venaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Silva,_Domodossola" title="Palazzo Silva, Domodossola">Palazzo Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi" title="Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi">Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Albertina" title="Accademia Albertina">Pinacoteca Albertina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinacoteca_Giovanni_e_Marella_Agnelli" title="Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli">Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Armoury_of_Turin" title="Royal Armoury of Turin">Royal Armoury of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_Turin" title="Royal Library of Turin">Royal Library of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Turin" title="Royal Palace of Turin">Royal Palace of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabauda_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabauda Gallery">Sabauda Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue_of_Casale_Monferrato" title="Synagogue of Casale Monferrato">Synagogue of Casale Monferrato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Cinema" title="National Museum of Cinema">The National Cinema Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_Civic_Gallery_of_Modern_and_Contemporary_Art" title="Turin Civic Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art">Turin Civic Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_City_Museum_of_Ancient_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin City Museum of Ancient Art">Turin City Museum of Ancient Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Turin Museum of Natural History">Turin Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_della_Regina" title="Villa della Regina">Villa della Regina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Derby_di_Torino_-_Serie_A_1976-1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Derby_di_Torino_-_Serie_A_1976-1977.jpg/220px-Derby_di_Torino_-_Serie_A_1976-1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Derby_di_Torino_-_Serie_A_1976-1977.jpg/330px-Derby_di_Torino_-_Serie_A_1976-1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Derby_di_Torino_-_Serie_A_1976-1977.jpg/440px-Derby_di_Torino_-_Serie_A_1976-1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Derby_della_Mole" title="Derby della Mole">Derby della Mole</a> between <a href="/wiki/Juventus_FC" title="Juventus FC">Juventus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torino_FC" title="Torino FC">Torino</a> on 3 April 1977</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2006_Olympics_Opening_Ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2006_Olympics_Opening_Ceremony.jpg/220px-2006_Olympics_Opening_Ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2006_Olympics_Opening_Ceremony.jpg/330px-2006_Olympics_Opening_Ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2006_Olympics_Opening_Ceremony.jpg/440px-2006_Olympics_Opening_Ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a> opening ceremony in Turin</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>, notable clubs in Piedmont include <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Juventus" class="mw-redirect" title="Juventus">Juventus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torino_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Torino F.C.">Torino</a>, who have won 43 official top-flight league championships (as of the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Serie_A" title="2020–21 Serie A">2020–21 season</a>) between them (36 titles won by Juventus and seven by Torino), more than any other city in Italy. Juventus is the most successful club in Italy, having won the most league titles (36), <a href="/wiki/Coppa_Italia" title="Coppa Italia">Coppa Italia</a> titles (14), and <a href="/wiki/Supercoppa_Italiana" title="Supercoppa Italiana">Supercoppa Italiana</a> titles (9) of any team in the country; <a href="/wiki/Juventus_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Juventus Women">Juventus Women</a>, established in 2017, also achieved success, immediately becoming one of the country's most successful women's teams. Other smaller teams include the old "Piedmont Quadrilateral" components <a href="/wiki/Novara_Calcio" class="mw-redirect" title="Novara Calcio">Novara</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Alessandria_Calcio_1912" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912">Alessandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associazione_Sportiva_Casale_Calcio" class="mw-redirect" title="Associazione Sportiva Casale Calcio">Casale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pro_Vercelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro Vercelli">Pro Vercelli</a>. With the pre-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> success of Pro Vercelli in 1910s and Juventus in 1930s, as well as winning cycles of Torino during the <i><a href="/wiki/Grande_Torino" title="Grande Torino">Grande Torino</a></i> years and Juventus in different eras since 1950, the region became the most successful in terms of championships won. Casale and <a href="/wiki/U.S.D._Novese" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.D. Novese">Novese</a> contributed with one <i><a href="/wiki/Scudetto" title="Scudetto">scudetto</a></i> each. Other local teams include volleyball teams <a href="/wiki/Piemonte_Volley" title="Piemonte Volley">Cuneo</a> (male) and <a href="/wiki/AGIL_Volley" title="AGIL Volley">AGIL Novara</a> (female), basketball teams Biella Basketball and Junior Casale, ice hockey team Hockey Club Turin, and roller hockey side <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amatori_Vercelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatori Vercelli (page does not exist)">Amatori Vercelli</a>, who have won three league titles, an Italian Cup, and two <a href="/wiki/CERS_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="CERS Cup">CERS Cups</a>. </p><p>Turin hosted the <a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2006 Winter Olympics (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">2006 Olimpiadi invernali</i>), officially the XX Olympic Winter Games (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">XX Giochi olimpici invernali</i>) and also known as Torino 2006, were a winter <a href="/wiki/Multi-sport_event" title="Multi-sport event">multi-sport event</a> held from 10 to 26 February in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy. This marked the second time Italy had hosted the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympics</a>, the first being in <a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo" title="Cortina d'Ampezzo">Cortina d'Ampezzo</a>; Italy had also hosted the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. Turin was selected as the host city for the 2006 Games in June 1999. The official motto of Torino 2006 was "Passion lives here".<sup id="cite_ref-Motto_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motto-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Games' logo depicted a stylized profile of the <a href="/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana" title="Mole Antonelliana">Mole Antonelliana</a> building, drawn in white and blue ice crystals, signifying the snow and the sky. The crystal web was also meant to portray the web of new technologies and the Olympic spirit of community. The 2006 Olympic mascots were Neve ("snow" in Italian), a female <a href="/wiki/Snowball" title="Snowball">snowball</a>, and Gliz, a male <a href="/wiki/Ice_cube" title="Ice cube">ice cube</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mascots_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mascots-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Turin" title="Siege of Turin">Siege of Turin</a> (1706)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Assietta" title="Battle of Assietta">Battle of Assietta</a> (1747)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a> (14 June 1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novara_(1849)" title="Battle of Novara (1849)">Battle of Novara (1849)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bialbero_de_Casorzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bialbero de Casorzo">Bialbero de Casorzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovenale_Boetto" title="Giovenale Boetto">Giovenale Boetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiusella" title="Chiusella">Chiusella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Damanhur" title="Federation of Damanhur">Federation of Damanhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianduja_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gianduja (disambiguation)">Gianduja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_Piedmont" title="Category:Cuisine of Piedmont">Piedmont cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tortona" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortona">Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensian_Evangelical_Church" title="Waldensian Evangelical Church">Waldensian Evangelical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Alps" title="Western Alps">Western Alps</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arpitan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitan language">Arpitan</a>: <i lang="frp">Piemont</i>, <span class="IPA-label">Occitan pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[pjeˈmun]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Piémont</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_R_D2JAN/default/table?lang=en">"Population on 1 January by age, sex and NUTS 2 region"</a>, <i>www.ec.europa.eu</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Population+on+1+January+by+age%2C+sex+and+NUTS+2+region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2FDEMO_R_D2JAN%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/ITA/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&years=2019">"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+-+Area+Database+-+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Fshdi%2FITA%2F%3Flevels%3D1%252B4%26interpolation%3D1%26extrapolation%3D0%26nearest_real%3D0%26years%3D2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFrai2015" class="citation web cs1">rai (3 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170408023821/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpwwovrOwKo">"An aerial view of Piedmont"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpwwovrOwKo">the original</a> on 8 April 2017 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+aerial+view+of+Piedmont&rft.date=2015-06-03&rft.au=rai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUpwwovrOwKo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTouring_club_italiano1976" class="citation book cs1">Touring club italiano (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KjttelynsZEC&pg=PA11"><i>Piemonte (non compresa Torino)</i></a>. Touring Editore. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-365-0001-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-365-0001-7"><bdi>978-88-365-0001-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Piemonte+%28non+compresa+Torino%29&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Touring+Editore&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-88-365-0001-7&rft.au=Touring+club+italiano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKjttelynsZEC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosa2005" class="citation web cs1">Rosa, Diego (April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nimbus.it/liguria/rlm16/didattica/neve/stampa_neve.pdf">"DIDATTICA - La neve"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Rivista Ligure di Meteorologia</i>. Società Meteorologica Italiana - Sezione Ligura. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rivista+Ligure+di+Meteorologia&rft.atitle=DIDATTICA+-+La+neve&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2005-04&rft.aulast=Rosa&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nimbus.it%2Fliguria%2Frlm16%2Fdidattica%2Fneve%2Fstampa_neve.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaftary1990" class="citation book cs1">Daftary, Farhad (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ismlstheirhistor0000daft"><i>The Ismāʻı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-37019-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-37019-1"><bdi>0-521-37019-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ism%C4%81%CA%BB%C4%B1%CC%84l%C4%B1%CC%84s%3A+Their+History+and+Doctrines&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-521-37019-1&rft.aulast=Daftary&rft.aufirst=Farhad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fismlstheirhistor0000daft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=mnn">"History of Italy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyworld.net%2Fwrldhis%2FPlainTextHistories.asp%3FParagraphID%3Dmnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collier, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Valeria Fargion, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cevipof.msh-paris.fr/rencontres/colloq/palier/Full%20paper/Fargion%20Valeria%20FP.doc">From the Southern to the Northern Question: Territorial and Social Politics in Italy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061123212855/http://www.cevipof.msh-paris.fr/rencontres/colloq/palier/Full%20paper/Fargion%20Valeria%20FP.doc">Archived</a> 23 November 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, paper presented at the RC 19 conference 'Welfare state restructuring: processes and social outcomes', 2–4 September 2004, Sciences-Po Paris. Retrieved 7 January 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anna Bull, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intellectbooks.com/europa/number2/bull.htm">Regionalism in Italy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061210114200/http://www.intellectbooks.com/europa/number2/bull.htm">Archived</a> 10 December 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Europa</i> 2(4). Retrieved 7 January 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marco Meriggi, (1996). Breve Storia dell'Italia Settentrionale, dall'Ottocento a Oggi. 1st ed. Italy: Donzelli Dditore, Rome.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carprod-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carprod_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carprod_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.startmag.it/smartcity/stellantis-cosa-succedera-agli-stabilimenti-fca-di-torino-pomigliano-e-melfi/">"Stellantis production report"</a> (in Italian). 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stellantis+production+report&rft.date=2021-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.startmag.it%2Fsmartcity%2Fstellantis-cosa-succedera-agli-stabilimenti-fca-di-torino-pomigliano-e-melfi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=undefined&product=1243&year=2018&productClass=HS&tradeFlow=Net&target=Product&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined">"Who exported Woven fabrics of carded wool in 2018?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+exported+Woven+fabrics+of+carded+wool+in+2018%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatlas.cid.harvard.edu%2Fexplore%3Fcountry%3Dundefined%26product%3D1243%26year%3D2018%26productClass%3DHS%26tradeFlow%3DNet%26target%3DProduct%26partner%3Dundefined%26startYear%3Dundefined&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=undefined&product=1244&year=2018&productClass=HS&tradeFlow=Net&target=Product&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined">"Who exported Woven fabrics of combed wool in 2018?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+exported+Woven+fabrics+of+combed+wool+in+2018%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatlas.cid.harvard.edu%2Fexplore%3Fcountry%3Dundefined%26product%3D1244%26year%3D2018%26productClass%3DHS%26tradeFlow%3DNet%26target%3DProduct%26partner%3Dundefined%26startYear%3Dundefined&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-europa1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-europa1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-europa1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-europa1_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210184406/http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/itc1_eco.htm">"Eurostat"</a>. <i>Europa (web portal)</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Borghi+pi%C3%B9+belli+d%27Italia.+Le+14+novit%C3%A0+2023%2C+dal+Trentino+alla+Calabria&rft.date=2023-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repubblica.it%2Fviaggi%2F2023%2F01%2F16%2Fnews%2Fborghi_piu_belli_italia_14_nuovi_2023-383794441%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://borghipiubelliditalia.it/">"I Borghi più belli d'Italia, la guida online ai piccoli centri dell'Italia nascosta"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Piemonte&rft.date=2017-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborghipiubelliditalia.it%2Fpiemonte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfst_r_lfu3rt/default/table?lang=en">"Unemployment rates by sex, age, educational attainment level and NUTS 2 regions (%)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unemployment+rates+by+sex%2C+age%2C+educational+attainment+level+and+NUTS+2+regions+%28%25%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Flfst_r_lfu3rt%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicri.it/institute/contact_us/">"Contact Us"</a>. <i>www.unicri.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unicri.it&rft.atitle=Contact+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicri.it%2Finstitute%2Fcontact_us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eurostat-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eurostat_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurostat_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721132952/http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/itc1_pop.htm">"Eurostat"</a>. <i>Europa (web portal)</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europa+%28web+portal%29&rft.atitle=Eurostat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcirca.europa.eu%2Firc%2Fdsis%2Fregportraits%2Finfo%2Fdata%2Fen%2Fitc1_pop.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100218124455/http://www.regione.piemonte.it/governo/assessorati/index.htm">"Sito Ufficiale della Regione Piemonte: Giunta regionale"</a>. Regione.piemonte.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regione.piemonte.it/governo/assessorati/index.htm">the original</a> on 18 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sito+Ufficiale+della+Regione+Piemonte%3A+Giunta+regionale&rft.pub=Regione.piemonte.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regione.piemonte.it%2Fgoverno%2Fassessorati%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PI-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PI_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Introduzione". <i>La grande cucina regionale - Piemonte</i> (in Italian). Il corriere della sera. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduzione&rft.btitle=La+grande+cucina+regionale+-+Piemonte&rft.pub=Il+corriere+della+sera&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonati1979" class="citation book cs1">Donati, Stella (1979). <i>Il Grande Manuale della Cucina Regionale</i>. 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Itinerario gastronomico da Novara alle Alpi</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Piemontesi+a+tavola.+Itinerario+gastronomico+da+Novara+alle+Alpi&rft.aulast=Alberini&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caffeinamagazine-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-caffeinamagazine_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caffeinamagazine.it/televisione/antonella-clerici-si-commuove-bruscitti-e-sempre-mezzogiorno/">"Antonella Clerici si commuove in diretta. Ciò che succede in studio non la lascia indifferente: il ricordo che emoziona anche il pubblico"</a> (in Italian). 30 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antonella+Clerici+si+commuove+in+diretta.+Ci%C3%B2+che+succede+in+studio+non+la+lascia+indifferente%3A+il+ricordo+che+emoziona+anche+il+pubblico&rft.date=2020-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caffeinamagazine.it%2Ftelevisione%2Fantonella-clerici-si-commuove-bruscitti-e-sempre-mezzogiorno%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eataly.com/us_en/magazine/culture-and-tradition/guide-to-white-alba-truffles">"Alba White Truffle: what it is and everything you need to know"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alba+White+Truffle%3A+what+it+is+and+everything+you+need+to+know&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eataly.com%2Fus_en%2Fmagazine%2Fculture-and-tradition%2Fguide-to-white-alba-truffles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/560284/export-of-wine-by-region-in-italy/">"Export of wine by region in Italy 2019"</a>. <i>Statista</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Export+of+wine+by+region+in+Italy+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F560284%2Fexport-of-wine-by-region-in-italy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050210105000/http://www.canoe.com/SlamOlympicScandalArchive/jun19_tur.html">"Turin wins 2006 Winter Olympics"</a>. <i>Canoe.ca</i>. 19 June 1999. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canoe.ca&rft.atitle=Turin+wins+2006+Winter+Olympics&rft.date=1999-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canoe.ca%2FSlamOlympicScandalArchive%2Fjun19_tur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Motto-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Motto_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216091149/http://www.torino2006.org/ENG/OlympicGames/bin/page/C_3_page_eng_283_paragraphs_paragrafo_0_attachments_allegato_7_object.pdf">"Italian Passion in the Motto of Torino 2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Torino 2006</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torino2006.org/ENG/OlympicGames/bin/page/C_3_page_eng_283_paragraphs_paragrafo_0_attachments_allegato_7_object.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Torino+2006&rft.atitle=Italian+Passion+in+the+Motto+of+Torino+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torino2006.org%2FENG%2FOlympicGames%2Fbin%2Fpage%2FC_3_page_eng_283_paragraphs_paragrafo_0_attachments_allegato_7_object.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mascots-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mascots_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/torino/open_mascotte_uk.asp">"Torino 2006 Mascots"</a>. <i>olympic.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526214256/http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/torino/open_mascotte_uk.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=olympic.org&rft.atitle=Torino+2006+Mascots&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fuk%2Fgames%2Ftorino%2Fopen_mascotte_uk.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Collier, M. (2003). <i>Italian Unification, 1820–71</i>. Heinemann: Oxford. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780435327545" title="Special:BookSources/9780435327545">9780435327545</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Piedmont" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Piedmont">Piedmont</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></i> article "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Piedmont" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Piedmont">Piedmont</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Piedmont#Q1216" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Piedmont">Piedmont</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regione.piemonte.it/">Regional government website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Piedmont"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Piedmont">"Piedmont" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Piedmont&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Piedmont&#124;link=Piedmont_Piedmont365" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Piedmont" title="Template:Piedmont"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Piedmont" title="Template talk:Piedmont"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Piedmont" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Piedmont"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Piedmont&#124;link=Piedmont_Piedmont365" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont"><img alt="Piedmont" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/45px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piedmont</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces<br />and metropolitan<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alessandria" title="Province of Alessandria">Alessandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Asti" title="Province of Asti">Asti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Biella" title="Province of Biella">Biella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuneo" title="Province of Cuneo">Cuneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Novara" title="Province of Novara">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Verbano-Cusio-Ossola" title="Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola">Verbano-Cusio-Ossola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Vercelli" title="Province of Vercelli">Vercelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_of_Piedmont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of communes of Piedmont">List of communes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_region_of_Piedmont,_Italy,_with_provinces-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/180px-Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/270px-Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/360px-Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3493" data-file-height="4314" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Turin" title="March of Turin">March of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Montferrat" title="March of Montferrat">March of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Montferrat" title="Duchy of Montferrat">Duchy of Montferrat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Montferrat" title="List of rulers of Montferrat">Monarchs of Montferrat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sardinia">Monarchs of Sardinia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Republic" title="Piedmontese Republic">Piedmontese Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Alba" title="Republic of Alba">Republic of Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subalpine_Republic" title="Subalpine Republic">Subalpine Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Piedmont" title="Politics of Piedmont">Politics and<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Piedmont" title="Elections in Piedmont">Elections in Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Piedmont" title="List of presidents of Piedmont">List of presidents of Piedmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Piedmont" title="Category:Education in Piedmont">Education</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Piedmont" title="Category:Culture in Piedmont">culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Turin" title="Art Nouveau in Turin">Art Nouveau in Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin" title="University of Turin">University of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piemonte_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piemonte (wine)">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Piedmont" title="Flag of Piedmont">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Piedmont" title="Category:Piedmont">Categories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Italy188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Italy" title="Template:Regions of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Regions of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Italy188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Italy" title="Northeast Italy">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige/S%C3%BCdtirol" title="Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol">Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Italy" title="Northwest Italy">Northwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piedmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Italy" title="South Italy">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insular_Italy" title="Insular Italy">Insular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italy_articles419" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italy_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Italy" title="Outline of Italy">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Timeline of Italian history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Italy" title="Neolithic Italy">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldone_culture" title="Rinaldone culture">Rinaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li>Italy under <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">Early Modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italian geographical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Italy" title="Climate change in Italy">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Italy" title="List of mountains in Italy">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Italy" title="Volcanism of Italy">Volcanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_of_Italy" title="List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Italy" title="List of regional parks of Italy">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Italian regions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_brands" title="List of Italian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Italy" title="List of airports in Italy">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Welfare</a></li> <li><a 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of Italy">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Emigration and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Italy" title="Health in Italy">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Italian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Italy" title="List of people from Italy">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" 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href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007559660305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058509179706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/19dd435b-38bf-444f-b010-610cbbd3806f">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027912191">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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