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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_incorporated_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_incorporated_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>List of incorporated agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_incorporated_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changes_under_Secretary_Chertoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_under_Secretary_Chertoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Changes under Secretary Chertoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_under_Secretary_Chertoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Trump_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Trump_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>First Trump administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Trump_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biden_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biden_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Biden administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biden_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizational structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organizational structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Coast_Guard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Coast_Guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>U.S. Coast Guard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Coast_Guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>U.S. Customs and Border Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Secret_Service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Secret_Service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>U.S. Secret Service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Secret_Service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Transportation_Security_Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Transportation_Security_Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>U.S. Transportation Security Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Transportation_Security_Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DHS_Management_Directorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DHS_Management_Directorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>DHS Management Directorate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DHS_Management_Directorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10.1</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>DHS Science and Technology Directorate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.1</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>DHS Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_12" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_12"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_12-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_13" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_13"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_13-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DHS_Office_of_Homeland_Security_Situational_Awareness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DHS_Office_of_Homeland_Security_Situational_Awareness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>DHS Office of Homeland Security Situational Awareness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DHS_Office_of_Homeland_Security_Situational_Awareness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_12" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_12"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_12-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DHS_Office_of_Health_Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DHS_Office_of_Health_Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15</span> <span>DHS Office of Health Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DHS_Office_of_Health_Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_13" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_13"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_13-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_15" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_15"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_15-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DHS_Office_of_Inspector_General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DHS_Office_of_Inspector_General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.16</span> <span>DHS Office of Inspector General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DHS_Office_of_Inspector_General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.16.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_16" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_16"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.16.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_16-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.17</span> <span>DHS Office of the Secretary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executives_15" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives_15"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.17.1</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives_15-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subordinate_components_17" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_components_17"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.17.2</span> <span>Subordinate components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_components_17-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DHS_Advisory_Panels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DHS_Advisory_Panels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.18</span> <span>DHS Advisory Panels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DHS_Advisory_Panels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Terrorism_Advisory_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Terrorism_Advisory_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>National Terrorism Advisory System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Terrorism_Advisory_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Seal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Headquarters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disaster_preparedness_and_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disaster_preparedness_and_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Disaster preparedness and response</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Disaster_preparedness_and_response-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Disaster preparedness and response subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Disaster_preparedness_and_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Congressional_budgeting_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congressional_budgeting_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Congressional budgeting effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congressional_budgeting_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ready.gov" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ready.gov"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Ready.gov</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ready.gov-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Incident_Management_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Incident_Management_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>National Incident Management System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Incident_Management_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Response_Framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Response_Framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>National Response Framework</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Response_Framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surge_Capacity_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surge_Capacity_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Surge Capacity Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surge_Capacity_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyber-security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyber-security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cyber-security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyber-security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Secretaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Excess,_waste,_and_ineffectiveness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Excess,_waste,_and_ineffectiveness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Excess, waste, and ineffectiveness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Excess,_waste,_and_ineffectiveness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Data mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fusion_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fusion_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Fusion centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fusion_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mail_interception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mail_interception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Mail interception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mail_interception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employee_morale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employee_morale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Employee morale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employee_morale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MIAC_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MIAC_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>MIAC report</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MIAC_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_Information_Act_processing_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_Information_Act_processing_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.7</span> <span>Freedom of Information Act processing performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_Information_Act_processing_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourteen_Words_slogan_and_"88"_reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourteen_Words_slogan_and_"88"_reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.8</span> <span>Fourteen Words slogan and "88" reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourteen_Words_slogan_and_"88"_reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calls_for_abolition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calls_for_abolition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.9</span> <span>Calls for abolition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calls_for_abolition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ACLU_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ACLU_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.10</span> <span>ACLU lawsuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ACLU_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nejwa_Ali_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nejwa_Ali_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.11</span> <span>Nejwa Ali controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nejwa_Ali_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Department of Homeland Security</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="وزارة الأمن الداخلي (الولايات المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وزارة الأمن الداخلي (الولايات المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_de_Seguranza_Nacional_d%27os_Estaus_Unius" title="Departamento de Seguranza Nacional d'os Estaus Unius – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Departamento de Seguranza Nacional d'os Estaus Unius" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_Daxili_T%C9%99hl%C3%BCk%C9%99sizlik_Departamenti" title="ABŞ Daxili Təhlükəsizlik Departamenti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ Daxili Təhlükəsizlik Departamenti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok_Kok-th%C3%B3%CD%98_P%C3%B3-cho%C3%A2n_P%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Bí-kok Kok-thó͘ Pó-choân Pō͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok Kok-thó͘ Pó-choân Pō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Департамент за вътрешна сигурност на САЩ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Департамент за вътрешна сигурност на САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departament_de_Seguretat_Nacional_dels_Estats_Units" title="Departament de Seguretat Nacional dels Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Departament de Seguretat Nacional dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerstvo_vnit%C5%99n%C3%AD_bezpe%C4%8Dnosti_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Ministerstvo vnitřní bezpečnosti Spojených států amerických – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ministerstvo vnitřní bezpečnosti Spojených států amerických" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerium_f%C3%BCr_Innere_Sicherheit_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Ministerium für Innere Sicherheit der Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ministerium für Innere Sicherheit der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_Sisejulgeolekuministeerium" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide Sisejulgeolekuministeerium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Ühendriikide Sisejulgeolekuministeerium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%95%CF%83%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%83%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91" title="Υπουργείο Εσωτερικής Ασφάλειας των ΗΠΑ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπουργείο Εσωτερικής Ασφάλειας των ΗΠΑ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_de_Seguridad_Nacional_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Departamento de Seguridad Nacional de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Departamento de Seguridad Nacional de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Segurtasun_Nazionalerako_Saila" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Segurtasun Nazionalerako Saila – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Segurtasun Nazionalerako Saila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="وزارت امنیت داخلی ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وزارت امنیت داخلی ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_de_la_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_int%C3%A9rieure_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Département de la Sécurité intérieure des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Département de la Sécurité intérieure des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%ED%86%A0%EC%95%88%EB%B3%B4%EB%B6%80" title="미국 국토안보부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 국토안보부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministarstvo_domovinske_sigurnosti_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Ministarstvo domovinske sigurnosti Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ministarstvo domovinske sigurnosti Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departemen_Keamanan_Dalam_Negeri_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Keamanan Dalam Negeri Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Departemen Keamanan Dalam Negeri Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipartimento_della_sicurezza_interna_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Dipartimento della sicurezza interna degli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dipartimento della sicurezza interna degli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המחלקה לביטחון המולדת של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המחלקה לביטחון המולדת של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8_%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96" title="АҚШ ішкі қауіпсіздік департаменті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="АҚШ ішкі қауіпсіздік департаменті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASV_T%C4%93vzemes_dro%C5%A1%C4%ABbas_departaments" title="ASV Tēvzemes drošības departaments – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASV Tēvzemes drošības departaments" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungtini%C5%B3_Valstij%C5%B3_nacionalinio_saugumo_departamentas" title="Jungtinių Valstijų nacionalinio saugumo departamentas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jungtinių Valstijų nacionalinio saugumo departamentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabatan_Keselamatan_Tanah_Air_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Jabatan Keselamatan Tanah Air Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jabatan Keselamatan Tanah Air Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%8E%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="АНУ-ын Дотоодын Аюулгүй Байдлын Департамент – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="АНУ-ын Дотоодын Аюулгүй Байдлын Департамент" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United States Department of Homeland Security" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E7%9C%81" title="アメリカ合衆国国土安全保障省 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国国土安全保障省" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkerhetsdepartementet_(USA)" title="Sikkerhetsdepartementet (USA) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sikkerhetsdepartementet (USA)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departament_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Krajowego_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Departament Bezpieczeństwa Krajowego Stanów Zjednoczonych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Departament Bezpieczeństwa Krajowego Stanów Zjednoczonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_Interna_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Departamento de Segurança Interna dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Departamento de Segurança Interna dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Министерство внутренней безопасности – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Министерство внутренней безопасности" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States Department of Homeland Security" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urad_za_domovinsko_varnost_Zdru%C5%BEenih_dr%C5%BEav_Amerike" title="Urad za domovinsko varnost Združenih držav Amerike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Urad za domovinsko varnost Združenih držav Amerike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="وەزارەتی ئاسایشی نیشتمانیی ئەمریکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وەزارەتی ئاسایشی نیشتمانیی ئەمریکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94" title="Министарство унутрашње безбедности САД – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Министарство унутрашње безбедности САД" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministarstvo_unutra%C5%A1nje_sigurnosti_Sjedinjenih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Ministarstvo unutrašnje sigurnosti Sjedinjenih Država – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ministarstvo unutrašnje sigurnosti Sjedinjenih Država" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_sis%C3%A4isen_turvallisuuden_ministeri%C3%B6" title="Yhdysvaltain sisäisen turvallisuuden ministeriö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain sisäisen turvallisuuden ministeriö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA:s_inrikess%C3%A4kerhetsdepartement" title="USA:s inrikessäkerhetsdepartement – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USA:s inrikessäkerhetsdepartement" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="กระทรวงความมั่นคงภายในสหรัฐ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระทรวงความมั่นคงภายในสหรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7_G%C3%BCvenlik_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="İç Güvenlik Bakanlığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İç Güvenlik Bakanlığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Міністерство національної безпеки США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міністерство національної безпеки США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_An_ninh_N%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Bộ An ninh Nội địa Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ An ninh Nội địa Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="היימלאנד זיכערהייט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="היימלאנד זיכערהייט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8" title="美國國土安全部 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國國土安全部" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&params=38.8547_N_77_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°51′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°00′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.8547°N 77.0000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.8547; -77.0000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Department_of_Homeland_Security&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Homeland Security">US Department of Homeland Security</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States federal executive department</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"DHS" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/DHS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="DHS (disambiguation)">DHS (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">United States Department of Homeland Security</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/175px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/263px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/350px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="247" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="Seal of the United States Department of Homeland Security">Seal of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/175px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/263px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/350px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Flag_Raising_Ceremony_(50914852532).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Flag_Raising_Ceremony_%2850914852532%29.jpg/220px-DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Flag_Raising_Ceremony_%2850914852532%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Flag_Raising_Ceremony_%2850914852532%29.jpg/330px-DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Flag_Raising_Ceremony_%2850914852532%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Flag_Raising_Ceremony_%2850914852532%29.jpg/440px-DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Flag_Raising_Ceremony_%2850914852532%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2328" data-file-height="1624" /></a></span><br />Headquarters of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">November 25, 2002<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2002-11-25</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeths_Hospital#West_Campus" title="St. Elizabeths Hospital">St. Elizabeths West Campus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&params=38.8547_N_77_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°51′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°00′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.8547°N 77.0000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.8547; -77.0000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">240,000 (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-dhs.gov_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dhs.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>51.672 billion (FY 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Reference_A_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reference_A-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="728" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kristi_Noem" title="Kristi Noem">Kristi Noem</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="675" /></span></span></span> <i>Vacant</i>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Child agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><i>Full list</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">United States Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">Customs and Border Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> (during times of peace)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Center">Federal Law Enforcement Training Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a></li> <li>Citizenship & Immigration Services Ombudsmen</li> <li>Office of Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Management_Directorate" title="DHS Management Directorate">Management Directorate</a></li> <li>Office for Civil Rights & Civil Liberties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="General Counsel">Office of General Counsel</a></li> <li>Office of the Immigration Detention Ombudsman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_I%26A" class="mw-redirect" title="DHS I&A">Office of Intelligence & Analysis</a></li> <li>Office of Legislative Affairs</li> <li>Office of Situational Awareness</li> <li>Office of Partnership & Engagement</li> <li>Office of Strategy, Policy and Plans</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_affairs_(military)" title="Public affairs (military)">Office of Public Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspector_General#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspector General">Office of the Inspector General</a></li> <li>Privacy Office</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate" title="DHS Science and Technology Directorate">Science & Technology Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key document</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Act_of_2002" title="Homeland Security Act of 2002">Homeland Security Act of 2002</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov">dhs.gov</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency ID</th><td class="infobox-data">7000</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="219" data-mwtitle=""The_DHS_March",_performed_by_the_United_States_Coast_Guard_Band.mp3" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/%22The_DHS_March%22%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Coast_Guard_Band.mp3/%22The_DHS_March%22%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Coast_Guard_Band.mp3.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/%22The_DHS_March%22%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Coast_Guard_Band.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span><br />"The DHS March"</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States Department of Homeland Security</b> (<b>DHS</b>) is the U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">federal executive department</a> responsible for <a href="/wiki/Public_security" title="Public security">public security</a>, roughly comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Interior_minister" title="Interior minister">interior or home ministries</a> of other countries. Its stated missions involve <a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorism">anti-terrorism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Border_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Border security">border security</a>, immigration and customs, <a href="/wiki/Cyber_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber security">cyber security</a>, and disaster prevention and management.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It began operations on March 1, 2003, after being formed as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Act_of_2002" title="Homeland Security Act of 2002">Homeland Security Act of 2002</a>, enacted in response to the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>. With more than 240,000 employees,<sup id="cite_ref-dhs.gov_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dhs.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DHS is the third-largest <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> department, after the departments of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Homeland_security" title="Homeland security">Homeland security</a> policy is coordinated at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Homeland_Security_Council" title="United States Homeland Security Council">Homeland Security Council</a>. Other agencies with significant homeland security responsibilities include the departments of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and Human Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation">Creation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv/220px--%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="181" data-mwtitle=""We_Are_DHS"_(2016).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%22We_Are_DHS%22_(2016).ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv/%22We_Are_DHS%22_%282016%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A video released in 2016 by the DHS, detailing its duties and responsibilities</figcaption></figure> <p>In response to the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> announced the establishment of the Office of Homeland Security (OHS) to coordinate "<a href="/wiki/Homeland_security" title="Homeland security">homeland security</a>" efforts. The office was headed by former Pennsylvania governor <a href="/wiki/Tom_Ridge" title="Tom Ridge">Tom Ridge</a>, who assumed the title of Assistant to the President for Homeland Security. The official announcement states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The mission of the Office will be to develop and coordinate the implementation of a comprehensive national strategy to secure the United States from <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> threats or attacks. The Office will coordinate the executive branch's efforts to detect, prepare for, prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks within the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-hsact2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsact2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Ridge began his duties as OHS director on October 8, 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 25, 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Security Act">Homeland Security Act</a> established the Department of Homeland Security to consolidate U.S. executive branch organizations related to "homeland security" into a single <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> agency. The <a href="/wiki/Gilmore_Commission" title="Gilmore Commission">Gilmore Commission</a>, supported by much of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a>, helped to solidify further the need for the department. The DHS incorporated the following 22 agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_incorporated_agencies">List of incorporated agencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of incorporated agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Original agency</th> <th>Original department</th> <th>New agency or office after transfer </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Customs Service">U.S. Customs Service</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a><br /><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice</a></td> <td>U.S. Customs and Border Protection<br /><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/DHS_Management_Directorate" title="DHS Management Directorate">Management Directorate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></td> <td>Transportation Security Administration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Center">Federal Law Enforcement Training Center</a></td> <td>Treasury</td> <td>Federal Law Enforcement Training Center </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a><br />(part)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Agriculture</a></td> <td>U.S. Customs and Border Protection </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a></td> <td>none</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> (FEMA) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Strategic_National_Stockpile" title="Strategic National Stockpile">Strategic National Stockpile</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and Human Services</a></td> <td>Originally assigned to FEMA, Returned to HHS, July 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Disaster_Medical_System" title="National Disaster Medical System">National Disaster Medical System</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and Human Services</a> </td> <td>Originally assigned to FEMA, Returned to HHS, August 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Emergency_Support_Team" title="Nuclear Emergency Support Team">Nuclear Incident Response Team</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a></td> <td>Responsibilities distributed within FEMA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Domestic_Emergency_Support_Team" title="Domestic Emergency Support Team">Domestic Emergency Support Team</a></td> <td>Justice</td> <td>Responsibilities distributed within FEMA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Domestic_Preparedness" title="Center for Domestic Preparedness">Center for Domestic Preparedness</a></td> <td>Justice (FBI)</td> <td>Responsibilities distributed within FEMA </td></tr> <tr> <td>CBRN Countermeasures Programs</td> <td>Energy</td> <td><a href="/wiki/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate" title="DHS Science and Technology Directorate">Science & Technology Directorate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Measurements_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Measurements Laboratory">Environmental Measurements Laboratory</a></td> <td>Energy</td> <td>Science & Technology Directorate </td></tr> <tr> <td>National Biological Warfare<br />Defense Analysis Center</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense</a></td> <td>Science & Technology Directorate </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plum_Island_Animal_Disease_Center" title="Plum Island Animal Disease Center">Plum Island Animal Disease Center</a></td> <td>Agriculture</td> <td>Science & Technology Directorate </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Cyber_Security_Division" title="National Cyber Security Division">Federal Computer Incident Response Center</a></td> <td>General Services Administration</td> <td>US-CERT, Office of Cybersecurity and Communications<br />National Programs and Preparedness Directorate (now <a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">CISA</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_System" title="National Communications System">National Communications System</a></td> <td>Defense</td> <td>Office of Cybersecurity and Communications<br />National Programs and Predaredness Directorate </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Infrastructure_Protection_Center" title="National Infrastructure Protection Center">National Infrastructure Protection Center</a></td> <td>Justice (FBI)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Operations_Coordination" class="mw-redirect" title="DHS Office of Operations Coordination">Office of Operations Coordination</a><br />Office of Infrastructure Protection </td></tr> <tr> <td>Energy Security and Assurance Program</td> <td>Energy</td> <td>Office of Infrastructure Protection </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Coast Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</a></td> <td>Transportation</td> <td>U.S. Coast Guard </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Secret_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secret Service">U.S. Secret Service</a></td> <td>Treasury</td> <td>U.S. Secret Service </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political scientist</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas" title="Peter Andreas">Peter Andreas</a>, the creation of DHS constituted the most significant government reorganization since the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a><sup id="cite_ref-test_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the most substantial reorganization of federal agencies since the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a> (which had placed the different <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">military</a> departments under a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">secretary of defense</a> and created the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>). Creation of DHS constitutes the most diverse merger ever of federal functions and responsibilities, incorporating 22 government agencies into a single organization.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The founding of the DHS marked a change in American thought towards threats. Introducing the term "homeland" centers attention on a population that needs to be protected not only against emergencies such as natural disasters but also against diffuse threats from individuals who are non-native to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the signing of the bill, controversy about its adoption was focused on whether the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> and the Central Intelligence Agency should be incorporated in part or in whole (neither was included). The bill was also controversial for the presence of unrelated "<a href="/wiki/Rider_(legislation)" title="Rider (legislation)">riders</a>", as well as for eliminating certain union-friendly <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a> and labor protections for department employees. Without these protections, employees could be expeditiously reassigned or dismissed on grounds of security, incompetence or insubordination, and DHS would not be required to notify their union representatives. The plan stripped 180,000 government employees of their union rights.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, Bush officials argued that the September 11 attacks made the proposed elimination of employee protections imperative.<sup id="cite_ref-barr_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an August 5, 2002, speech, President Bush said: "We are fighting ... to secure freedom in the homeland."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the creation of DHS, U.S. Presidents had referred to the U.S. as "the nation" or "the republic" and to its internal policies as "domestic".<sup id="cite_ref-wolf_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also unprecedented was the use, from 2002, of the phrase "the homeland" by White House spokespeople.<sup id="cite_ref-wolf_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US-border-patrol-20050502.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US-border-patrol-20050502.jpg/220px-US-border-patrol-20050502.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US-border-patrol-20050502.jpg/330px-US-border-patrol-20050502.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US-border-patrol-20050502.jpg/440px-US-border-patrol-20050502.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. Customs and Border Protection officer addresses Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> (center); <a href="/wiki/Saxby_Chambliss" title="Saxby Chambliss">Saxby Chambliss</a> (center right), a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chertoff" title="Michael Chertoff">Michael Chertoff</a> (far right), the second head of the DHS; in 2005</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> ultimately passed the Homeland Security Act of 2002, and President Bush signed the bill into law on November 25, 2002. It was the largest U.S. government reorganization in the 50 years since the United States Department of Defense was created. </p><p>Tom Ridge was named secretary on January 24, 2003, and began naming his chief deputies. DHS officially began operations on January 24, 2003, but most of the department's component agencies were not transferred into the new department until March 1.<sup id="cite_ref-hsact2002_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsact2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_appropriations_signing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DHS_appropriations_signing.jpg/250px-DHS_appropriations_signing.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DHS_appropriations_signing.jpg/375px-DHS_appropriations_signing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DHS_appropriations_signing.jpg/500px-DHS_appropriations_signing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> signs the Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2004 on October 1, 2003.</figcaption></figure> <p>After establishing the basic structure of DHS and working to integrate its components, Ridge announced his resignation on November 30, 2004, following the re-election of President Bush. Bush initially nominated former <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> commissioner <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kerik" title="Bernard Kerik">Bernard Kerik</a> as his successor, but on December 10, Kerik withdrew his nomination, citing personal reasons and saying it "would not be in the best interests" of the country for him to pursue the post. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changes_under_Secretary_Chertoff">Changes under Secretary Chertoff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Changes under Secretary Chertoff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 11, 2005, President Bush nominated federal judge <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chertoff" title="Michael Chertoff">Michael Chertoff</a> to succeed Ridge. Chertoff was confirmed on February 15, 2005, by a vote of 98–0 in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> and was sworn in the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-hsact2002_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsact2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2005, DHS and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management" title="United States Office of Personnel Management">Office of Personnel Management</a> issued rules relating to employee pay and discipline for a new personnel system named MaxHR. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> said that the rules would allow DHS "to override any provision in a union contract by issuing a department-wide directive" and would make it "difficult, if not impossible, for unions to negotiate over arrangements for staffing, deployments, technology and other workplace matters".<sup id="cite_ref-barr_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2005, U.S. District judge Rosemary M. Collyer blocked the plan on the grounds that it did not ensure collective-bargaining rights for DHS employees.<sup id="cite_ref-barr_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A federal appeals court ruled against DHS in 2006; pending a final resolution to the litigation, Congress's fiscal year 2008 appropriations bill for DHS provided no funding for the proposed new personnel system.<sup id="cite_ref-barr_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DHS announced in early 2007 that it was retooling its pay and performance system and retiring the name "MaxHR".<sup id="cite_ref-hsact2002_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsact2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a February 2008 court filing, DHS said that it would no longer pursue the new rules, and that it would abide by the existing civil service labor-management procedures. A federal court issued an order closing the case.<sup id="cite_ref-barr_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Trump_administration">First Trump administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First Trump administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2017 memo by Secretary of Homeland Security <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kelly" title="John F. Kelly">John F. Kelly</a> directed DHS to disregard "age as a basis for determining when to collect biometrics."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 16, 2018, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_Act" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018</a> into law, which elevated the mission of the former DHS National Protection and Programs Directorate and established the <a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fiscal year 2018, DHS was allocated a net discretionary budget of $47.716 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Reference_A_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reference_A-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biden_administration">Biden administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Biden administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021, the Department of Justice began carrying out an investigation into white supremacy and extremism in the DHS ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DHS also halted large-scale immigration raids at job sites, saying in October 2021 that the administration was planning "a new enforcement strategy to more effectively target employers who pay substandard wages and engage in exploitative labor practices."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the U.S. Customs and Border Patrol began using an app which requires asylum seekers to submit biometric information before they enter the country. </p><p>In June 2024 John Boyd, the head of the DHS Office of Biometric Identity Management, announced at a conference that the agency "is looking into ways it might use facial recognition technology to track the identities of migrant children." According to Boyd, the initiative is intended to advance the development of facial recognition algorithms. A former DHS official said that every migrant processing center he visited engaged in biometric identity collection, and that children were not separated out during processing. DHS denied collecting the biometric data of children under 14.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whereas the Department of Defense is charged with military actions abroad, the Department of Homeland Security works in the civilian sphere to protect the United States within, at, and outside its borders. Its stated goal is to prepare for, prevent, and respond to domestic emergencies, particularly terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 1, 2003, DHS absorbed the U.S. Customs Service and <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service</a> (INS) and assumed its duties. In doing so, it divided the enforcement and services functions into two separate and new agencies: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">Citizenship and Immigration Services</a>. The investigative divisions and intelligence gathering units of the INS and Customs Service were merged forming <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement#Homeland_Security_Investigations" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Homeland Security Investigations</a>, the primary investigative arm of DHS. Additionally, the border enforcement functions of the INS, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">U.S. Border Patrol</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Customs_Service" title="United States Customs Service">U.S. Customs Service</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a> were consolidated into a new agency under DHS: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a> falls under the Management Directorate.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg/260px-CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg/390px-CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg/520px-CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4064" data-file-height="2704" /></a><figcaption>U.S. CBP <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Field_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Field Operations">Office of Field Operations</a> officer checking the <a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">authenticity</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Travel_document" title="Travel document">travel document</a> at an <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Stereo_microscope" title="Stereo microscope">stereo microscope</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_structure">Organizational structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organizational structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_Organizational_Chart_(2023_November_9).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/DHS_Organizational_Chart_%282023_November_9%29.png/220px-DHS_Organizational_Chart_%282023_November_9%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/DHS_Organizational_Chart_%282023_November_9%29.png/330px-DHS_Organizational_Chart_%282023_November_9%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/DHS_Organizational_Chart_%282023_November_9%29.png/440px-DHS_Organizational_Chart_%282023_November_9%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>DHS Organizational Chart | November 9, 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>The Department of Homeland Security is headed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">secretary of homeland security</a> with the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">deputy secretary</a>. DHS contains operational components, executing specific missions under the purview of the DHS; support components, supporting the mission of the DHS and operational components; and components in the Office of the Secretary, supporting department leadership, DHS components, and the secretary by overseeing and establishing policy.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">United States Citizenship and Immigration Services</a> (USCIS) oversees lawful immigration into the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that Passports for U.S. citizens are issued by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>, not the Department of Homeland Security.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USCIS_Insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/USCIS_Insignia.png/220px-USCIS_Insignia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/USCIS_Insignia.png/330px-USCIS_Insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/USCIS_Insignia.png/440px-USCIS_Insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>USCIS Wordmark</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Ur_Jaddou" title="Ur Jaddou">Ur M. Jaddou</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_B._Higgins" title="Jennifer B. Higgins">Jennifer B. Higgins</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Office of Performance and Quality</li> <li>Office of Investigations</li> <li>Office of Privacy</li> <li>Office of Administrative Appeals</li> <li>Immigration Records and Identity Services Directorate</li> <li>Field Operations Directorate</li> <li>External Affairs Directorate</li> <li>Fraud Detection and National Security Directorate</li> <li>Management Directorate</li> <li>Service Center Operations Directorate</li> <li>Asylum and International Operations Directorate</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Coast_Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: U.S. Coast Guard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the U.S. Armed Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is under the Department of Homeland Security during times of peace, and under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">U.S. Department of the Navy</a> during wartime.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Seal_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg/220px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Seal_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Seal_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg/440px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>USCG Seal</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_2">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Commandant, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Lunday" title="Kevin Lunday">Kevin E. Lunday</a> (Acting)</li> <li>Vice Commandant, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Lunday" title="Kevin Lunday">Kevin E. Lunday</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_2">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Atlantic Area <ul><li>Coast Guard District 1</li> <li>Coast Guard District 5</li> <li>Coast Guard District 7</li> <li>Coast Guard District 8</li> <li>Coast Guard <a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_District_9" title="Coast Guard District 9">District 9</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pacific Area <ul><li>Coast Guard District 11</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_District_13" title="Coast Guard District 13">Coast Guard District 13</a></li> <li>Coast Guard District 14</li> <li>Coast Guard District 17</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: U.S. Customs and Border Protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">United States Customs and Border Protection</a> (CBP) is a law enforcement agency responsible for protecting the U.S. border against illegal entry, illicit activity, and other threats; combatting transnational crime and terrorism that's a threat to the economic and national security of the United States; and facilitating lawful trade and lawful entry into the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png/220px-Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png/330px-Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png/440px-Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a><figcaption>CBP Seal</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_3">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Commissioner, <a href="/wiki/Troy_A._Miller" title="Troy A. Miller">Troy A. Miller</a></li> <li>Deputy Commissioner, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_R._Flores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pete R. Flores (page does not exist)">Pete R. Flores</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_3">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>U.S. Border Patrol</li> <li>Office of Field Operations</li> <li>Air and Marine Operations</li> <li>Office of Trade</li> <li>Enterprise Services Office</li> <li>Operations Support Office</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency">U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg/220px-Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg/330px-Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg/440px-Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>CISA Seal</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">United States Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</a> (CISA) is the leading entity of the U.S. federal government in understanding, managing, and reducing risk to cyber and physical infrastructure across the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_4">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Jen_Easterly" title="Jen Easterly">Jen Easterly</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitin_Natarajan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitin Natarajan (page does not exist)">Nitin Natarajan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_4">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cybersecurity Division</li> <li>Infrastructure Security Division</li> <li>Emergency Communications Division</li> <li>Integrated Operations Division</li> <li>Stakeholder Engagement Division</li> <li>National Risk Management Center</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency">U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FEMA_logo.svg/220px-FEMA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FEMA_logo.svg/330px-FEMA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FEMA_logo.svg/440px-FEMA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>FEMA Wordmark</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">United States Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> (FEMA) invests in, improves, and supports capabilities to respond to, mitigate, protect against, recover from, and to prepare for all hazards that may threaten the security of the United States and its citizens, such as natural disasters.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_5">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Administrator, <a href="/wiki/Deanne_Criswell" title="Deanne Criswell">Deanne Criswell</a></li> <li>Deputy Administrator, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Hooks" title="Erik Hooks">Erik Hooks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_5">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mission Support</li> <li>Regional Offices (Regions 1-10)</li> <li>Resilience</li> <li>Response and Recovery</li> <li>U.S. Fire Administration</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers">U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FLETC_seal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/FLETC_seal.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>FLETC Seal</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers">United States Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers</a> (FLETC) provides training services to U.S. law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_6">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamine_C._Huffman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamine C. Huffman (page does not exist)">Benjamine C. Huffman</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_E._Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul E. Baker (page does not exist)">Paul E. Baker</a></li> <li>Associate Director for Training Operations, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariana_M._Roddini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ariana M. Roddini (page does not exist)">Ariana M. Roddini</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_6">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Training Management Operations Directorate</li> <li>National Capital Region Training Operations Directorate</li> <li>Core Training Operations Directorate</li> <li>Technical Training Operations Directorate</li> <li>Mission and Readiness Support Directorate</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_Agency.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Logo_of_the_United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_Agency.svg/220px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Logo_of_the_United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_Agency.svg/330px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_Agency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Logo_of_the_United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_Agency.svg/440px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="108" /></a><figcaption>ICE Wordmark</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (ICE) enforces federal laws governing border control, customs, trade, and immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_7">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lechleitner" title="Patrick Lechleitner">Patrick J. Lechleitner</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Staci_A._Barrera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staci A. Barrera (page does not exist)">Staci A. Barrera</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_7">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Enforcement and Removal Operations</li> <li>Homeland Security Investigations</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Secret_Service">U.S. Secret Service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: U.S. Secret Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_United_States_Secret_Service.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Logo_of_the_United_States_Secret_Service.svg/220px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Secret_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Logo_of_the_United_States_Secret_Service.svg/330px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Secret_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Logo_of_the_United_States_Secret_Service.svg/440px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Secret_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>USSS Logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> (USSS) is charged with the protection of the President of the United States and other government officials and persons designated by law. It also safeguards U.S. financial infrastructure and fights against counterfeiting.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_8">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_L._Rowe_Jr." title="Ronald L. Rowe Jr.">Ronald L. Rowe Jr.</a> (acting)</li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darryl_S._Volpicelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darryl S. Volpicelli (page does not exist)">Darryl S. Volpicelli</a> (acting)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_8">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service_Uniformed_Division" title="United States Secret Service Uniformed Division">Uniformed Division</a></li> <li>Office of Protective Operations</li> <li>Office of Investigations</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Transportation_Security_Administration">U.S. Transportation Security Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: U.S. Transportation Security Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transportation_Security_Administration_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Transportation_Security_Administration_seal.svg/220px-Transportation_Security_Administration_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Transportation_Security_Administration_seal.svg/330px-Transportation_Security_Administration_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Transportation_Security_Administration_seal.svg/440px-Transportation_Security_Administration_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>TSA Seal</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">United States Transportation Security Administration</a> (TSA) protects U.S. transportation systems (e.g. airport security) and ensures freedom of movement for people and commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created as a result of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in the United States by the <a href="/wiki/Aviation_and_Transportation_Security_Act" title="Aviation and Transportation Security Act">Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_9">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Administrator, <a href="/wiki/David_Pekoske" title="David Pekoske">David P. Pekoske</a></li> <li>Deputy Administrator, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holly_Canevari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holly Canevari (page does not exist)">Holly Canevari</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_9">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Air_Marshal_Service" title="Federal Air Marshal Service">Federal Air Marshal Service</a></li> <li>Security Operations</li> <li>TSA Investigations</li> <li>Operations Support</li> <li>Enterprise Support</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DHS_Management_Directorate">DHS Management Directorate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: DHS Management Directorate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_Management_Directorate_Wordmark.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/DHS_Management_Directorate_Wordmark.png/220px-DHS_Management_Directorate_Wordmark.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/DHS_Management_Directorate_Wordmark.png/330px-DHS_Management_Directorate_Wordmark.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/DHS_Management_Directorate_Wordmark.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="141" /></a><figcaption>MGMT Wordmark</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/DHS_Management_Directorate" title="DHS Management Directorate">Department of Homeland Security Management Directorate</a> (MGMT) manages department finance, appropriations, accounting, budgeting, expenditures, procurement, human resources and personnel, information technology systems, biometric identification services, facilities, property, equipment, other material resources, protection of department personnel, information and resources, performance metrics, and the security of federal infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Executives</b> </p> <ul><li>Under Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Alles" title="Randolph Alles">Randolph D. "Tex" Alles</a> (acting)</li> <li>Deputy Under Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Alles" title="Randolph Alles">Randolph D. "Tex" Alles</a></li> <li>Associate Deputy Under Secretary, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Rezmovic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Rezmovic (page does not exist)">Jeff Rezmovic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_10">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Office of the Chief Financial Officer</li> <li>Office of the Chief Human Capital Officer</li> <li>Office of the Chief Information Officer</li> <li>Office of the Chief Procurement Officer</li> <li>Office of the Chief Readiness Support Officer</li> <li>Office of the Chief Security Officer</li> <li>Office of Program Accountability and Risk Management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Biometric_Identity_Management" title="Office of Biometric Identity Management">Office of Biometric Identity Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">U.S. Federal Protective Service</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate">DHS Science and Technology Directorate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: DHS Science and Technology Directorate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate_Wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate_Wordmark.svg/220px-DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate_Wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate_Wordmark.svg/330px-DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate_Wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate_Wordmark.svg/440px-DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate_Wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="195" /></a><figcaption>S&T Wordmark</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate" title="DHS Science and Technology Directorate">Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate</a> (S&T) is the department's research and development arm.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Executives</b> </p> <ul><li>Under Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Kusnezov" title="Dimitri Kusnezov">Dr. Dimitri Kusnezov</a></li> <li>Deputy Under Secretary, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julie_Brewer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julie Brewer (page does not exist)">Julie S. Brewer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_11">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Office of Innovation and Collaboration</li> <li>Office of Mission and Capability Support</li> <li>Office of Enterprise Services</li> <li>Office of Science and Engineering</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office">DHS Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: DHS Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office_Logo.png/220px-DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office_Logo.png/330px-DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office_Logo.png/440px-DHS_Countering_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction_Office_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>CWMD Logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The Department of Homeland Security Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office (CWMD) works to prevent chemical, biological, nuclear, and radiological attacks against the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_10">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Assistant Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Callahan" title="Mary Ellen Callahan">Mary Ellen Callahan</a></li> <li>Principle Deputy Assistant Secretary, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/person/charles-d-chas-cook">Charles Cook</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_12">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BioWatch" title="BioWatch">BioWatch Program</a></li> <li>Securing the Cities Program</li> <li>Mobile Detection Deployment Program</li> <li>Training and Exercise Program</li> <li>CBRN Intelligence</li> <li>National Biosurveillance Integration Center</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis">DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis_logo.png/220px-DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis_logo.png/330px-DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>I&A Logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis">Department of Homeland Security Office of Intelligence & Analysis</a> (I&A) is the department's intelligence arm, and disseminates timely information across the DHS enterprise and to local, state, tribal, territorial, and private sector partners.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_11">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Under Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_L._Wainstein" title="Kenneth L. Wainstein">Kenneth L. Wainstein</a></li> <li>Principle Deputy Under Secretary, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/person/avery-alpha">Avery Alpha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_13">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Counterterrorism Center</li> <li>Cyber Intelligence Center</li> <li>Nation-State Intelligence Center</li> <li>Transborder Security Center</li> <li>Current and Emerging Threats Center</li> <li>Office of Regional Intelligence</li> <li>Homeland Identities, Targeting & Exploitation Center</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DHS_Office_of_Homeland_Security_Situational_Awareness">DHS Office of Homeland Security Situational Awareness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: DHS Office of Homeland Security Situational Awareness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_Office_of_Homeland_Security_Situational_Awareness_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DHS_Office_of_Homeland_Security_Situational_Awareness_Logo.png/220px-DHS_Office_of_Homeland_Security_Situational_Awareness_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/DHS_Office_of_Homeland_Security_Situational_Awareness_Logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>OSA Logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Operations_Coordination" class="mw-redirect" title="DHS Office of Operations Coordination">Office of Homeland Security Situational Awareness</a> (OSA) provides operations coordination, information sharing, situational awareness, common operating picture, and executes the Secretary's responsibilities across the homeland security enterprise.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_12">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Director, Rear Admiral <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/person/rear-admiral-christopher-j-tomney-uscg-ret">Christopher J. Tomney</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, Frank DiFalco</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_14">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>National Operations Center</li> <li>Integration Division</li> <li>Mission Support Division</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DHS_Office_of_Health_Security">DHS Office of Health Security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: DHS Office of Health Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_Office_of_Health_Security_Wordmark.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/DHS_Office_of_Health_Security_Wordmark.png/220px-DHS_Office_of_Health_Security_Wordmark.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/DHS_Office_of_Health_Security_Wordmark.png/330px-DHS_Office_of_Health_Security_Wordmark.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/DHS_Office_of_Health_Security_Wordmark.png/440px-DHS_Office_of_Health_Security_Wordmark.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>OHS Wordmark</figcaption></figure> <p>The Department of Homeland Security Office of Health Security (OHS) is the principal medical, workforce health and safety, and public health authority for DHS.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_13">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Director & Chief Medical Officer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/person/dr-herbert-herb-wolfe">Dr. Herbert Wolfe</a> (acting)</li> <li>Deputy Director & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/person/dr-herbert-herb-wolfe">Dr. Herbert Wolfe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_15">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Total Workforce Protection Directorate</li> <li>Health, Food & Agriculture Resilience Directorate</li> <li>Healthcare Systems & Oversight Directorate</li> <li>Health Information Systems & Decision Support</li> <li>Regional Operations</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DHS_Office_of_Inspector_General">DHS Office of Inspector General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: DHS Office of Inspector General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_OIG_seal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/DHS_OIG_seal.png/220px-DHS_OIG_seal.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/DHS_OIG_seal.png/330px-DHS_OIG_seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/DHS_OIG_seal.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>OIG Seal</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General">Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General</a> (OIG) provides independent oversight and promotes excellence, integrity, and accountability within DHS.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_14">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Inspector General, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cuffari" title="Joseph Cuffari">Joseph V. Cuffari</a></li> <li>Principle Deputy Inspector General, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oig.dhs.gov/about/MeetThePDIG">Glenn Sklar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_16">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Office of Audits</li> <li>Office of Investigations</li> <li>Office of Integrity</li> <li>Office of Management</li> <li>Office of Innovation</li> <li>Office of Inspections and Evaluations</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary">DHS Office of the Secretary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: DHS Office of the Secretary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security#Office_of_the_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">United States Secretary of Homeland Security § Office of the Secretary of Homeland Security</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary_Wordmark.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary_Wordmark.png/220px-DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary_Wordmark.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary_Wordmark.png/330px-DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary_Wordmark.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary_Wordmark.png/440px-DHS_Office_of_the_Secretary_Wordmark.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>OSEC Wordmark</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_CIS_Ombudsman.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/DHS_CIS_Ombudsman.webp/220px-DHS_CIS_Ombudsman.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/DHS_CIS_Ombudsman.webp/330px-DHS_CIS_Ombudsman.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/DHS_CIS_Ombudsman.webp/440px-DHS_CIS_Ombudsman.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>CIS Ombudsman Wordmark</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_ID_Ombudsman.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DHS_ID_Ombudsman.webp/220px-DHS_ID_Ombudsman.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DHS_ID_Ombudsman.webp/330px-DHS_ID_Ombudsman.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DHS_ID_Ombudsman.webp/360px-DHS_ID_Ombudsman.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="118" /></a><figcaption>OIDO Wordmark</figcaption></figure> <p>The Office of the Secretary of Homeland Security oversees the Department of Homeland Security's execution of its mission to safeguard the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executives_15">Executives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chief of Staff, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Davidson_(lawyer)" title="Jonathan Davidson (lawyer)">Jonathan Davidson</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_components_17">Subordinate components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Subordinate components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties</li> <li>Climate Change Action Group</li> <li>Office of the Executive Secretary</li> <li>Family Reunification Task Force</li> <li>Office of the General Counsel</li> <li>Joint Requirements Council</li> <li>Office of Legislative Affairs</li> <li>Office of the Military Advisor</li> <li>Office of the Immigration Detention Ombudsman</li> <li>Office of the Citizenship and Immigration Ombudsman</li> <li>Office of Partnership and Engagement</li> <li>DHS Privacy Office</li> <li>Office of Public Affairs</li> <li>Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans</li> <li>Office for State and Local Law Enforcement</li> <li>Center for Countering Human Trafficking</li> <li>Committee Management Office</li> <li>Council on Combating Gender-Based Violence</li> <li>Forced Labor Enforcement Task Force</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DHS_Advisory_Panels">DHS Advisory Panels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: DHS Advisory Panels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DHS advisory panels and committees provide advice and recommendations on mission-related topics from academic engagement to privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Homeland Security Academic Partnership Council (HSAPC)</li> <li>Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security Board (AISSB)</li> <li>Counternarcotics Coordinating Council (CNCC)</li> <li>Faith-Based Security Advisory Council (FBSAC)</li> <li>Homeland Security Advisory Council (HSAC)</li> <li>Data Privacy and Integrity Advisory Committee (DPIAC)</li> <li>Tribal Homeland Security Advisory Council (THSAC)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Terrorism_Advisory_System">National Terrorism Advisory System</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: National Terrorism Advisory System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, the Department of Homeland Security phased out the old Homeland Security Advisory System, replacing it with a two-level National Terrorism Advisory System. The system has two types of advisories: alerts and bulletins. NTAS bulletins permit the secretary to communicate critical terrorism information that, while not necessarily indicative of a specific threat against the United States, can reach homeland security partners or the public quickly, thereby allowing recipients to implement necessary protective measures. Alerts are issued when there is specific and credible information of a terrorist threat against the United States. Alerts have two levels: elevated and imminent. An elevated alert is issued when there is credible information about an attack but only general information about timing or a target. An Imminent Alert is issued when the threat is very specific and impending in the very near term.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hsas-chart_with_header.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hsas-chart_with_header.svg/180px-Hsas-chart_with_header.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hsas-chart_with_header.svg/270px-Hsas-chart_with_header.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hsas-chart_with_header.svg/360px-Hsas-chart_with_header.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Advisory_System" title="Homeland Security Advisory System">Homeland Security Advisory System</a> scale</figcaption></figure> <p>On March 12, 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Advisory_System" title="Homeland Security Advisory System">Homeland Security Advisory System</a>, a color-coded terrorism risk advisory scale, was created as the result of a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Directive">Presidential Directive</a> to provide a "comprehensive and effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of terrorist acts to Federal, State, and local authorities and to the American people". Many procedures at government facilities are tied into the alert level; for example a facility may search all entering vehicles when the alert is above a certain level. Since January 2003, it has been administered in coordination with DHS; it has also been the target of frequent jokes and ridicule on the part of the administration's detractors about its ineffectiveness. After resigning, Tom Ridge said he did not always agree with the threat level adjustments pushed by other government agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2003, the office<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2010)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> was merged into the Department of Homeland Security and the White House Homeland Security Council, both of which were created by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. The Homeland Security Council, similar in nature to the National Security Council, retains a policy coordination and advisory role and is led by the assistant to the president for homeland security.<sup id="cite_ref-hsact2002_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsact2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seal">Seal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Seal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="Seal of the United States Department of Homeland Security">Seal of the United States Department of Homeland Security</a></div> <p>The seal was developed with input from senior DHS leadership, employees, and the U.S. Commission on Fine Arts. The <a href="/wiki/Ad_Council" title="Ad Council">Ad Council</a> – which partners with DHS on its Ready.gov campaign – and the consulting company Landor Associates were responsible for graphic design and maintaining heraldic integrity. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The seal is symbolic of the Department's mission – to prevent attacks and protect Americans – on the land, in the sea and in the air. In the center of the seal, a graphically styled white American eagle appears in a circular blue field. The eagle's outstretched wings break through an inner red ring into an outer white ring that contains the words "U.S. DEPARTMENT OF" in the top half and "HOMELAND SECURITY" in the bottom half in a circular placement. The eagle's wings break through the inner circle into the outer ring to suggest that the Department of Homeland Security will break through traditional bureaucracy and perform government functions differently. In the tradition of the Great Seal of the United States, the eagle's talon on the left holds an olive branch with 13 leaves and 13 seeds while the eagle's talon on the right grasps 13 arrows. Centered on the eagle's breast is a shield divided into three sections containing elements that represent the American homeland – air, land, and sea. The top element, a dark blue sky, contains 22 stars representing the original 22 entities that have come together to form the department. The left shield element contains white mountains behind a green plain underneath a light blue sky. The right shield element contains four wave shapes representing the oceans alternating light and dark blue separated by white lines.</p></blockquote> <p>- DHS June 6, 2003<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Headquarters">Headquarters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Headquarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:210908-H-NI589-089.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/210908-H-NI589-089.jpg/220px-210908-H-NI589-089.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/210908-H-NI589-089.jpg/330px-210908-H-NI589-089.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/210908-H-NI589-089.jpg/440px-210908-H-NI589-089.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6509" data-file-height="4339" /></a><figcaption>The current headquarters at <a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeths_Hospital" title="St. Elizabeths Hospital">St. Elizabeths</a> West Campus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nebraska_Avenue_Complex_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nebraska_Avenue_Complex_2016.jpg/220px-Nebraska_Avenue_Complex_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nebraska_Avenue_Complex_2016.jpg/330px-Nebraska_Avenue_Complex_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Nebraska_Avenue_Complex_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Avenue_Complex" title="Nebraska Avenue Complex">Nebraska Avenue Complex</a>, DHS headquarters from its inception until April 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Since its inception, the department's temporary headquarters had been in Washington, D.C.'s <a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Avenue_Complex" title="Nebraska Avenue Complex">Nebraska Avenue Complex</a>, a former naval facility. The 38-acre (15 ha) site, across from <a href="/wiki/American_University" title="American University">American University</a>, has 32 buildings comprising 566,000 square feet (52,600 m<sup>2</sup>) of administrative space.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2007, the department submitted a $4.1 billion plan to Congress to consolidate its 60-plus Washington-area offices into a single headquarters complex at the <a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeths_Hospital" title="St. Elizabeths Hospital">St. Elizabeths Hospital</a> campus in <a href="/wiki/Anacostia" title="Anacostia">Anacostia</a>, Southeast Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The move was championed by District of Columbia officials because of the positive economic impact it would have on historically depressed Anacostia. The move was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">historic preservationists</a>, who claimed the revitalization plans would destroy dozens of historic buildings on the campus.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Community activists criticized the plans because the facility would remain walled off and have little interaction with the surrounding area.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2015 the <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a> said that the site would open in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DHS headquarters staff began moving to St. Elizabeths in April 2019 after the completion of the Center Building renovation.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disaster_preparedness_and_response">Disaster preparedness and response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Disaster preparedness and response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressional_budgeting_effects">Congressional budgeting effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Congressional budgeting effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee</a> hearing on the reauthorization of DHS, Deputy Secretary <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Duke" title="Elaine Duke">Elaine Duke</a> said there is a weariness and anxiety within DHS about the repeated congressional efforts to agree to a long-term spending plan, which had resulted in several threats to shut down the federal government. "Shutdowns are disruptive", Duke said. She said the "repeated failure on a longtime spending plan resulting in short-term continuing resolutions (CRs) has caused "angst" among the department's 240,000 employees in the weeks leading up to the CRs."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The uncertainty about funding hampers DHS's ability to pursue major projects and takes away attention and manpower from important priorities. Seventy percent of DHS employees are considered essential and are not furloughed during government shutdowns.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ready.gov">Ready.gov</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Ready.gov"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ready_Reg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ready_Reg.jpg/150px-Ready_Reg.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ready_Reg.jpg/225px-Ready_Reg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ready_Reg.jpg/300px-Ready_Reg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>Ready.gov program logo</figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after formation, the department worked with the <a href="/wiki/Ad_Council" title="Ad Council">Ad Council</a> to launch the Ready Campaign, a national public service advertising (PSA) campaign to educate and empower Americans to prepare for and respond to emergencies including natural and man-made disasters. With <a href="/wiki/Pro_bono" title="Pro bono">pro bono</a> creative support from <a href="/wiki/The_Martin_Agency" title="The Martin Agency">the Martin Agency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, the campaign website "Ready.gov" and materials were conceived in March 2002 and launched in February 2003, just before the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first announcements that garnered widespread public attention to this campaign was one by Tom Ridge in which he stated that in the case of a chemical attack, citizens should use duct tape and plastic sheeting to build a homemade bunker, or "sheltering in place" to protect themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the sales of duct tape skyrocketed, and DHS was criticized for being too <a href="/wiki/Alarmist" class="mw-redirect" title="Alarmist">alarmist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 1, 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> was absorbed into the DHS and in the fall of 2008 took over coordination of the campaign. The Ready Campaign and its Spanish-language version Listo.gov asks individuals to build an emergency supply kit,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> make a family emergency plan<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and be informed about the different types of emergencies that can occur and how to respond.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign messages have been promoted through television, radio, print, outdoor and web PSAs,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as brochures, toll-free phone lines and the English and Spanish language websites Ready.gov and Listo.gov. </p><p>The general campaign aims to reach all Americans, but targeted resources are also available via "Ready Business" for small- to medium-sized business and "Ready Kids" for parents and teachers of children ages 8–12. In 2015, the campaign also launched a series of PSAs to help the whole community,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> people with disabilities and others with access and functional needs prepare for emergencies, which included open captioning, a certified deaf interpreter and audio descriptions for viewers who are blind or have low vision.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Incident_Management_System">National Incident Management System</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: National Incident Management System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="Special:EditPage/United States Department of Homeland Security">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On March 1, 2004, the <a href="/wiki/National_Incident_Management_System" title="National Incident Management System">National Incident Management System</a> (NIMS) was created. The stated purpose was to provide a consistent incident management approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments. Under Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5, all federal departments were required to adopt the NIMS and to use it in their individual domestic incident management and emergency prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation program and activities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Response_Framework">National Response Framework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: National Response Framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="Special:EditPage/United States Department of Homeland Security">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In December 2005, the <a href="/wiki/National_Response_Plan" title="National Response Plan">National Response Plan</a> (NRP) was created, in an attempt to align federal coordination structures, capabilities, and resources into a unified, all-discipline, and all-hazards approach to domestic incident management. The NRP was built on the template of the NIMS. </p><p>On January 22, 2008, the <a href="/wiki/National_Response_Framework" title="National Response Framework">National Response Framework</a> was published in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a> as an updated replacement of the NRP, effective March 22, 2008. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surge_Capacity_Force">Surge Capacity Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Surge Capacity Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act directs the DHS Secretary to designate employees from throughout the department to staff a Surge Capacity Force (SCF). During a declared disaster, the DHS Secretary will determine if SCF support is necessary. The secretary will then authorize <a href="/wiki/FEMA" class="mw-redirect" title="FEMA">FEMA</a> to task and deploy designated personnel from DHS components and other Federal Executive Agencies to respond to extraordinary disasters.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyber-security">Cyber-security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Cyber-security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cyber-security_regulation" title="Cyber-security regulation">Cyber-security regulation</a></div> <p>The DHS <a href="/wiki/National_Cyber_Security_Division" title="National Cyber Security Division">National Cyber Security Division</a> (NCSD) is responsible for the response system, risk management program, and requirements for cyber-security in the U.S. The division is home to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Computer_Emergency_Readiness_Team" title="United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team">US-CERT</a> operations and the <a href="/wiki/National_Cyber_Alert_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cyber Alert System">National Cyber Alert System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CSRDC-FAQ_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSRDC-FAQ-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DHS Science and Technology Directorate helps government and private end-users transition to new cyber-security capabilities. This directorate also funds the Cyber Security Research and Development Center, which identifies and prioritizes research and development for NCSD.<sup id="cite_ref-CSRDC-FAQ_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSRDC-FAQ-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The center works on the Internet's routing infrastructure (the SPRI program) and Domain Name System (<a href="/wiki/DNSSEC" class="mw-redirect" title="DNSSEC">DNSSEC</a>), identity theft and other online criminal activity (ITTC), Internet traffic and networks research (PREDICT datasets and the DETER testbed), Department of Defense and <a href="/wiki/HSARPA" title="HSARPA">HSARPA</a> exercises (Livewire and Determined Promise), and wireless security in cooperation with Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 30, 2009, DHS opened the <a href="/wiki/National_Cybersecurity_and_Communications_Integration_Center" title="National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center">National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center</a>. The center brings together government organizations responsible for protecting computer networks and networked infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2017, DHS officially designated state-run election systems as critical infrastructure. The designation made it easier for state and local election officials to get cybersecurity help from the federal government. In October 2017, DHS convened a Government Coordinating Council (GCC) for the Election Infrastructure Subsection with representatives from various state and federal agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/Election_Assistance_Commission" title="Election Assistance Commission">Election Assistance Commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Secretaries_of_State" title="National Association of Secretaries of State">National Association of Secretaries of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretaries">Secretaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Secretaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security#List_of_secretaries_of_homeland_security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">United States Secretary of Homeland Security § List of secretaries of homeland security</a></div> <p>To date there have been eight confirmed secretaries of the Department of Homeland Security:<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Tom Ridge (January 24, 2003–February 1, 2005)</li> <li>Michael Chertoff (February 15, 2005–January 21, 2009)</li> <li>Janet Napolitano (January 20, 2009–September 6, 2013)</li> <li>Jeh Charles Johnson (December 23, 2013–January 20, 2017)</li> <li>John F. Kelly (January 20, 2017–July 28, 2017)</li> <li>Kirstjen M. Nielsen (December 6, 2017–April 10, 2019)</li> <li>Alejandro Mayorkas (February 1, 2021–January 20, 2025)</li> <li>Kristi Noem (January 25, 2025–Now)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government#Criticism_of_agencies" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of the United States government § Criticism of agencies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_government_response_to_Hurricane_Katrina" title="Criticism of the government response to Hurricane Katrina">Criticism of the government response to Hurricane Katrina</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Excess,_waste,_and_ineffectiveness"><span id="Excess.2C_waste.2C_and_ineffectiveness"></span>Excess, waste, and ineffectiveness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Excess, waste, and ineffectiveness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The department has been dogged by persistent criticism over excessive <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a>, waste, ineffectiveness and lack of transparency. Congress estimates that the department has wasted roughly $15 billion in failed contracts (as of September 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, the department came under fire after the media revealed that <a href="/wiki/Laura_Callahan" title="Laura Callahan">Laura Callahan</a>, Deputy <a href="/wiki/Chief_Information_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Information Officer">Chief Information Officer</a> at DHS with responsibilities for sensitive national security databases, had obtained her bachelor, masters, and doctorate <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> degrees through <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_University" title="Hamilton University">Hamilton University</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Diploma_mill" title="Diploma mill">diploma mill</a> in a small town in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The department was blamed for up to $2 billion of waste and fraud after audits by the <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a> revealed widespread misuse of government credit cards by DHS employees, with purchases including beer brewing kits, $70,000 of plastic dog booties that were later deemed unusable, boats purchased at double the retail price (many of which later could not be found), and <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPods</a> ostensibly for use in "data storage".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2015 inspection of IT infrastructure found that the department was running over a hundred computer systems whose owners were unknown, including Secret and Top Secret databases, many with out of date security or weak passwords. Basic security reviews were absent, and the department had apparently made deliberate attempts to delay publication of information about the flaws.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_mining">Data mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Data mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 5, 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> reported that the DHS had scrapped an anti-terrorism <a href="/wiki/Data_mining" title="Data mining">data mining</a> tool called <a href="/wiki/ADVISE" title="ADVISE">ADVISE</a> (Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight and Semantic Enhancement) after the agency's internal <a href="/wiki/Inspector_general" title="Inspector general">inspector general</a> found that <a href="/wiki/Pilot_(experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot (experiment)">pilot</a> testing of the system had been performed using data on real people without required <a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a> safeguards in place.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system, in development at <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_National_Laboratory" title="Pacific Northwest National Laboratory">Pacific Northwest National Laboratory</a> since 2003, has cost the agency $42 million to date. Controversy over the program is not new; in March 2007, the Government Accountability Office stated that "the ADVISE tool could misidentify or erroneously associate an individual with undesirable activity such as <a href="/wiki/Fraud" title="Fraud">fraud</a>, crime or terrorism." Homeland Security's Inspector General later said that ADVISE was poorly planned, time-consuming for analysts to use, and lacked adequate justifications.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fusion_centers">Fusion centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Fusion centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fusion_center" title="Fusion center">Fusion center</a></div> <p>Fusion centers are terrorism prevention and response centers, many of which were created under a joint project between the Department of Homeland Security and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a>'s Office of Justice Programs between 2003 and 2007. The fusion centers gather information from government sources as well as their partners in the private sector.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bob_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bob-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are designed to promote information sharing at the federal level between agencies such as the CIA, FBI, Department of Justice, U.S. military and state and local level government. As of July 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, DHS recognized at least seventy-two fusion centers.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fusion centers may also be affiliated with an Emergency Operations Center that responds in the event of a disaster. </p><p>There are a number of documented criticisms of fusion centers, including relative ineffectiveness at counterterrorism activities, the potential to be used for secondary purposes unrelated to counterterrorism, and their links to violations of civil liberties of American citizens and others.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>David Rittgers of the <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a> notes: </p> <blockquote><p>a long line of fusion center and DHS reports labeling broad swaths of the public as a threat to national security. The North Texas Fusion System labeled <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> lobbyists as a potential threat; a DHS analyst in Wisconsin thought both pro- and anti-abortion activists were worrisome; a Pennsylvania homeland security contractor watched environmental activists, <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party</a> groups, and a <a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Second Amendment</a> rally; the Maryland State Police put anti-death penalty and anti-war activists in a federal terrorism database; a fusion center in Missouri thought that all <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third-party</a> voters and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> supporters were a threat ...<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mail_interception">Mail interception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Mail interception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> reported that Grant Goodman, "an 81-year-old retired <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">University of Kansas</a> history professor, received a letter from his friend in the Philippines that had been opened and resealed with a strip of dark green tape bearing the words "by Border Protection" and carrying the official Homeland Security seal."<sup id="cite_ref-Mail_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mail-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter was sent by a devout Catholic Filipino woman with no history of supporting <a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mail_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mail-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A spokesman for U.S. Customs and Border Protection "acknowledged that the agency can, will and does open mail coming to U.S. citizens that originates from a foreign country whenever it's deemed necessary": </p> <blockquote><p>All mail originating outside the United States Customs territory that is to be delivered inside the U.S. Customs territory is subject to Customs examination," says the CBP Web site. That includes personal correspondence. "All mail means 'all mail,'" said John Mohan, a CBP spokesman, emphasizing the point.<sup id="cite_ref-Mail_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mail-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>The department declined to outline what criteria are used to determine when a piece of personal correspondence should be opened or to say how often or in what volume <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">Customs</a> might be opening mail.<sup id="cite_ref-Mail_86-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mail-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goodman's story provoked outrage in the <a href="/wiki/Blogosphere" title="Blogosphere">blogosphere</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in the more established media. Reacting to the incident, <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></i> remarked "unlike other prying government agencies, Homeland Security wants you to know it is watching you."<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> observed "on the heels of the <a href="/wiki/NSA_warrantless_surveillance_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA warrantless surveillance controversy">NSA wiretapping controversy</a>, Goodman's letter raises more concern over the balance between privacy and security."<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employee_morale">Employee morale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Employee morale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2006, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management" title="United States Office of Personnel Management">Office of Personnel Management</a> conducted a survey of federal employees in all 36 federal agencies on job satisfaction and how they felt their respective agency was headed. DHS was last or near to last in every category including; </p> <ul><li>33rd on the talent management index</li> <li>35th on the leadership and knowledge management index</li> <li>36th on the job satisfaction index</li> <li>36th on the results-oriented performance culture index</li></ul> <p>The low scores were attributed to concerns about basic supervision, management and leadership within the agency. Examples from the survey reveal most concerns are about promotion and pay increase based on merit, dealing with poor performance, rewarding creativity and innovation, leadership generating high levels of motivation in the workforce, recognition for doing a good job, lack of satisfaction with various component policies and procedures and lack of information about what is going on with the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DHS is the only large federal agency to score below 50% in overall survey rankings. It was last of large federal agencies in 2014 with 44.0% and fell even lower in 2015 at 43.1%, again last place.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DHS continued to rank at the bottom in 2019, prompting congressional inquiries into the problem.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High work load resulting from chronic staff shortage, particularly in Customs and Border Protection, has contributed to low morale,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as have scandals and intense negative public opinion heightened by immigration policies of the Obama administration.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DHS has struggled to retain women, who complain of overt and subtle misogyny.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MIAC_report">MIAC report</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: MIAC report"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, the Missouri Information Analysis Center (MIAC) made news for targeting supporters of <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third party</a> candidates (such as <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a>), anti-abortion activists, and conspiracy theorists as potential <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> members.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anti-war activists and Islamic lobby groups were targeted in Texas, drawing criticism from the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to DHS:<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>The Privacy Office has identified a number of risks to privacy presented by the fusion center program: </p><ol><li>Justification for fusion centers</li> <li>Ambiguous Lines of Authority, Rules, and Oversight</li> <li>Participation of the Military and the Private Sector</li> <li>Data Mining</li> <li>Excessive Secrecy</li> <li>Inaccurate or Incomplete Information</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_creep" title="Mission creep">Mission Creep</a></li></ol> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freedom_of_Information_Act_processing_performance">Freedom of Information Act processing performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Freedom of Information Act processing performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Effective_Government" title="Center for Effective Government">Center for Effective Government</a> analysis of 15 federal agencies which receive the most <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a> (FOIA) requests, published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data), the Department of Homeland Security earned a D+ by scoring 69 out of a possible 100 points, i.e. did not earn a satisfactory overall grade. It also had not updated its policies since the 2007 FOIA amendments.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourteen_Words_slogan_and_"88"_reference"><span id="Fourteen_Words_slogan_and_.2288.22_reference"></span>Fourteen Words slogan and "88" reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Fourteen Words slogan and "88" reference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, the DHS was accused of referencing the white nationalist <a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Words" title="Fourteen Words">Fourteen Words</a> slogan in an official document, by using a similar fourteen-worded title, in relation to unlawful immigration and border control:<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>We Must Secure The Border And Build The Wall To Make America Safe Again.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Although dismissed by the DHS as a coincidence, both the use of "88" in a document and the similarity to the slogan's phrasing ("We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children"), drew criticism and controversy from several media outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calls_for_abolition">Calls for abolition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Calls for abolition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While abolishing the DHS has been proposed since 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the idea was popularized when <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a> suggested abolishing the DHS in light of the abuses against detained migrants by the Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Customs and Border Protection agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the DHS was criticized for detaining <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon">protesters in Portland, Oregon</a>. It even drew rebuke from the department's first secretary Tom Ridge who said, "It would be a cold day in hell before I would consent to an uninvited, unilateral intervention into one of my cities".<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 10, 2020, in an opinion article for <i>USA Today</i> by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_D._Romero" title="Anthony D. Romero">Anthony D. Romero</a>, the <a href="/wiki/ACLU" class="mw-redirect" title="ACLU">ACLU</a> called for the dismantling of DHS over the <a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">deployment of federal forces</a> in July 2020 during the Portland protests.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ACLU_lawsuit">ACLU lawsuit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: ACLU lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2020, ACLU filed a lawsuit against the DHS, U.S. CBP and U.S. ICE, seeking the release of their records of purchasing cellphone location data. ACLU alleges that this data was used to track U.S. citizens and immigrants and is seeking to discover the full extent of the alleged surveillance.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nejwa_Ali_controversy">Nejwa Ali controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Nejwa Ali controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The DHS came under fire from pro-Israel politicians in October 2023 for employing Nejwa Ali, who supported <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> following its deadly terror attack against Israel. Her social media posts were first reported on by the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Wire" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Wire">Daily Wire</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i> reported on Ali being placed on administrative leave.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Container_Security_Initiative" title="Container Security Initiative">Container Security Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Verify" title="E-Verify">E-Verify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization" title="Electronic System for Travel Authorization">Electronic System for Travel Authorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Management_Institute" title="Emergency Management Institute">Emergency Management Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_homeland_security_in_the_United_States" title="History of homeland security in the United States">History of homeland security in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_USA" title="Homeland Security USA">Homeland Security USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_security_grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland security grant">Homeland security grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>, equivalent department in the United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_departments_of_homeland_security" title="List of state departments of homeland security">List of state departments of homeland security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodefense_Analysis_and_Countermeasures_Center" title="National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center">National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center</a> (NBACC), Ft Detrick, MD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Interoperability_Field_Operations_Guide" title="National Interoperability Field Operations Guide">National Interoperability Field Operations Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Strategy_for_Homeland_Security" title="National Strategy for Homeland Security">National Strategy for Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Hostile_Intent" title="Project Hostile Intent">Project Hostile Intent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Safety_Canada" title="Public Safety Canada">Public Safety Canada</a>, equivalent department in Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Wolves" title="Shadow Wolves">Shadow Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_visas" class="mw-redirect" title="United States visas">United States visas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dhs.gov-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dhs.gov_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dhs.gov_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/about-dhs">"About DHS"</a>. Homeland Security. June 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+DHS&rft.pub=Homeland+Security&rft.date=2016-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fabout-dhs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reference_A-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reference_A_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reference_A_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0318_MGMT_FY-2020-Budget-In-Brief.pdf">"Budget In Brief: Fiscal Year 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Homeland Security. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Budget+In+Brief%3A+Fiscal+Year+2020&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Homeland+Security&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2F19_0318_MGMT_FY-2020-Budget-In-Brief.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/our-mission">"Our Mission"</a>. Homeland Security. June 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Mission&rft.pub=Homeland+Security&rft.date=2012-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Four-mission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20100310171217/http://www.napawash.org/pc_management_studies/dhs.html">"Department of Homeland Security Executive Staffing Project"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Public_Administration_(United_States)" title="National Academy of Public Administration (United States)">National Academy of Public Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napawash.org/pc_management_studies/dhs.html">the original</a> on March 10, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Homeland+Security+Executive+Staffing+Project&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Public+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napawash.org%2Fpc_management_studies%2Fdhs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hsact2002-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hsact2002_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsact2002_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsact2002_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsact2002_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsact2002_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071114000911/http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nat_strat_hls.pdf">"National Strategy For Homeland Security"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. DHS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nat_strat_hls.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 14, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Strategy+For+Homeland+Security&rft.pub=DHS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fxlibrary%2Fassets%2Fnat_strat_hls.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epic.org/open_gov/homeland/ohs_fact_sheet.html">"EPIC Fact Sheet on OHS"</a>. <i>www.epic.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.epic.org&rft.atitle=EPIC+Fact+Sheet+on+OHS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epic.org%2Fopen_gov%2Fhomeland%2Fohs_fact_sheet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/who-joined-dhs">"Who Joined DHS"</a>. <i>Department of Homeland Security</i>. July 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Homeland+Security&rft.atitle=Who+Joined+DHS&rft.date=2012-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fwho-joined-dhs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-test-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-test_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Peter Andreas: Redrawing the line 2003:92], additional text.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perl, Raphael (2004). "The Department of Homeland Security: Background and Challenges", <i>Terrorism—reducing Vulnerabilities and Improving Responses</i>, Committee on Counterterrorism Challenges for Russia and the United States, Office for Central Europe and Eurasia Development, Security, and Cooperation Policy and Global Affairs, in Cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 176. National Academies Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-309-08971-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-309-08971-9">0-309-08971-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGessen2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Gessen, Masha (July 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-dhs-was-destined-to-become-a-secret-police-force">"Homeland Security Was Destined to Become a Secret Police Force"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Homeland+Security+Was+Destined+to+Become+a+Secret+Police+Force&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft.aulast=Gessen&rft.aufirst=Masha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Four-columnists%2Fthe-dhs-was-destined-to-become-a-secret-police-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chomsky, Noam (2005). <i>Imperial Ambitions</i>, page 199. 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Coppola. <i>Introduction to homeland security: Principles of all-hazards risk management</i> (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2011)</li> <li>Ramsay, James D. et al. <i>Theoretical Foundations of Homeland Security: Strategies, Operations, and Structures</i> (Routledge, 2021)</li> <li>Sylves, Richard T. <i>Disaster policy and politics: Emergency management and homeland security</i> (CQ press, 2019).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>United States. Office of Homeland Security. <i>National strategy for homeland security</i> (DIANE Publishing, 2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VG-lrcOGyM8C&dq=Homeland&pg=PR7">online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource logo"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" 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id="United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security760" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States Department of Homeland Security</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Headquarters: <b><a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeths_Hospital" title="St. Elizabeths Hospital">St. Elizabeths West Campus</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kristi_Noem" title="Kristi Noem">Kristi Noem</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamine_Huffman" title="Benjamine Huffman">Benjamine Huffman</a>, Acting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Commandant of the Coast Guard">Commandant</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Director</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">Customs and Border Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Domestic_Preparedness" title="Center for Domestic Preparedness">Center for Domestic Preparedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Flood_Insurance_Program" title="National Flood Insurance Program">National Flood Insurance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fire_Administration" title="United States Fire Administration">United States Fire Administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Center">Federal Law Enforcement Training Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Homeland_Security_Situational_Awareness" title="Office of Homeland Security Situational Awareness">Office of Situational Awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Director</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Health_Affairs" title="DHS Office of Health Affairs">Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Strategy,_Policy,_and_Plans" title="DHS Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans">Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans</a></li> <li><a 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Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command,_Control_and_Interoperability_Division" title="Command, Control and Interoperability Division">Command, Control and Interoperability Division</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security_for_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis">Intelligence and Analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis">Office of Intelligence and Analysis</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security_for_Management" title="Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management">Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Management_Directorate" title="DHS Management Directorate">Management Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Biometric_Identity_Management" title="Office of Biometric Identity Management">Office of Biometric Identity Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="Template:United States federal executive departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="Template talk:United States federal executive departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States 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href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" title="United States Department of Commerce and Labor">Commerce and Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare">Health, Education, and Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Armed_Forces20638" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Armed_Forces20638" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd>A = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></dd> <dd>MC = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></dd> <dd>N = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></dd> <dd>AF = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></dd> <dd>SF = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></dd> <dd>CG = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense">Deputy Secretary of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Vice Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li>Committees on Armed Services <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_duty_United_States_four-star_officers" title="List of active duty United States four-star officers">Active duty four-star officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_duty_United_States_three-star_officers" title="List of active duty United States three-star officers">Active duty three-star officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_seniority" title="United States military seniority">United States military seniority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldwater%E2%80%93Nichols_Act" title="Goldwater–Nichols Act">Goldwater–Nichols Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_components_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="List of components of the U.S. Department of Defense">Components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Department of Homeland Security</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Service branches<br /> and heads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Commandant of the United States Marine Corps">Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Chief of Naval Operations">Chief of Naval Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Space_Operations" title="Chief of Space Operations">Chief of Space Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Commandant of the Coast Guard">Commandant of the Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Reserve components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Reserves: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Reserve" title="United States Coast Guard Reserve">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">AF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">Civilian auxiliaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Auxiliary_Radio_System" title="Military Auxiliary Radio System">Military Auxiliary Radio System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Cyber_Auxiliary" title="Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary">Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine" title="United States Merchant Marine">Merchant Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Auxiliary" title="United States Coast Guard Auxiliary">Coast Guard Auxiliary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified combatant<br /> command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Indo-Pacific_Command" title="United States Indo-Pacific Command">Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Northern_Command" title="United States Northern Command">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Cyber_Command" title="United States Cyber Command">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">Special Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Transportation_Command" title="United States Transportation Command">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">Title 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_14_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 14 of the United States Code">Title 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 32 of the United States Code">Title 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">Title 50</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_military_installations" title="List of American military installations">Installations</a></li> <li>Units: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Organization of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Category:Units and formations of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Organization of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military logistics of the United States">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_of_the_military_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Mass media of the military of the United States">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Armed_Forces_unit_mottoes" title="List of United States Armed Forces unit mottoes">Unit mottoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operations<br />and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States" title="Military budget of the United States">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_deployments" title="United States military deployments">Current deployments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States" title="List of conflicts in the United States">Conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States" title="List of wars involving the United States">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_civil_affairs_in_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="History of civil affairs in the United States Armed Forces">Civil affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army" title="History of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="History of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="History of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="History of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="History of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="History of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations" title="Timeline of United States military operations">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Asian_Americans" title="Military history of Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhists_in_the_United_States_military" title="Buddhists in the United States military">Buddhist Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Jewish_Americans" title="Military history of Jewish Americans">Jewish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims_in_the_United_States_military" title="Muslims in the United States military">Muslim Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sikhs in the United States military">Sikh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Hispanic_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Hispanic Americans">Hispanic Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Hispanics in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Hispanics in the United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Hispanics in the United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Navy" title="Hispanics in the United States Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Naval_Academy" title="Hispanics in the United States Naval Academy">Academy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_History_Division" title="United States Marine Corps History Division">Marine Corps History Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_History_and_Heritage_Command" title="Naval History and Heritage Command">Naval History and Heritage Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Historical_Research_Agency" title="Air Force Historical Research Agency">Air Force Historical Research Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/American_official_war_artists" title="American official war artists">War artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Art_Program" title="United States Army Art Program">Army Art Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Art_Program" title="United States Air Force Art Program">Air Force Art Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies" title="United States service academies">Service academies</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">A</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Military Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">MC/N</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/Naval_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="Naval Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">AF/SF</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Air Force Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Academy" title="United States Coast Guard Academy">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">Merchant Marine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Reserve_Officers_Training_Corps" title="Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps">MC/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" title="Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps">AF/SF</a></li></ul></li> <li>Officer candidate/training school: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Army)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Army)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidates_School_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Officer Candidates School (United States Marine Corps)">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Navy)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Navy)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Officer_Training_School" title="Air Force Officer Training School">AF/SF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant officer</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Candidate_School" title="Warrant Officer Candidate School">A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Entrance_Processing_Command" title="United States Military Entrance Processing Command">MEPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Services_Vocational_Aptitude_Battery" title="Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery">ASVAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Basic_School" title="The Basic School">The Basic School</a> (MC)</li> <li>Enlisted recruit training: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Basic_Training" title="United States Army Basic Training">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Recruit_Training" title="United States Marine Corps Recruit Training">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruit_Training_Command,_Great_Lakes,_Illinois" title="Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, Illinois">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Basic_Military_Training" title="United States Air Force Basic Military Training">AF/SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Training_Center_Cape_May" title="United States Coast Guard Training Center Cape May">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_education_and_training_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Military education and training in the United States">Other education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Uniforms of the United States Armed Forces">Uniforms</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Uniforms of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Uniforms of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces">Awards & decorations</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-service_awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_military" title="Inter-service awards and decorations of the United States military">Inter-service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Navy">MC/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force">AF/SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorized_foreign_decorations_of_the_United_States_military" title="Authorized foreign decorations of the United States military">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_military_decoration_authorized_by_the_United_States_military" title="International military decoration authorized by the United States military">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_award_devices" title="United States military award devices">Devices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_badges_of_the_United_States" title="Military badges of the United States">Badges</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identification_badges_of_the_uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Identification badges of the uniformed services of the United States">Identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Badges of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Badges of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Badges of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Badges of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Badges of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_military_ranks" title="List of comparative military ranks">Ranks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Officer: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Army officer rank insignia">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_rank_insignia" title="United States Marine Corps rank insignia">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Navy officer rank insignia">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force officer rank insignia">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force_rank_insignia" title="United States Space Force rank insignia">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Coast Guard officer rank insignia">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant officers</a></li> <li>Enlisted: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_rank_insignia" title="United States Marine Corps rank insignia">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_enlisted_rates" title="List of United States Navy enlisted rates">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force_rank_insignia" title="United States Space Force rank insignia">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_enlisted_ranks" title="List of United States Coast Guard enlisted ranks">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Oath: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces_oath_of_enlistment" title="United States Armed Forces oath of enlistment">Enlistment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Uniformed_Services_Oath_of_Office" title="United States Uniformed Services Oath of Office">Officer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Creeds & Codes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_the_United_States_Fighting_Force" title="Code of the United States Fighting Force">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noncommissioned_officer%27s_creed" title="Noncommissioned officer's creed">NCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Creed" title="Soldier's Creed">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman%27s_Creed" title="Rifleman's Creed">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor%27s_Creed" title="Sailor's Creed">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman%27s_Creed" title="Airman's Creed">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guardsman" title="Creed of the United States Coast Guardsman">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Armed_Forces)" title="Service number (United States Armed Forces)">Service numbers</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Army)" title="Service number (United States Army)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Service number (United States Marine Corps)">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Navy)" title="Service number (United States Navy)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Service number (United States Air Force)">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Coast_Guard)" title="Service number (United States Coast Guard)">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_occupation_code" title="United States military occupation code">Military Occupational Specialty</a>/<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_ratings" title="List of United States Navy ratings">Rating</a>/<a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Specialty_Code" title="Air Force Specialty Code">Air Force Specialty Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_pay" title="United States military pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Health_System" title="Military Health System">Military Health System</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tricare" title="Tricare">Tricare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_(United_States_military)" title="Separation (United States military)">Separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefs_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States" title="Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States">Chiefs of Chaplains</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="List of equipment of the United States Armed Forces">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of equipment of the United States Army">A</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Nomenclature_System" title="Army Nomenclature System">Designations</a>)</li> <li>MC: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicles_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of vehicles of the United States Marine Corps">vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of weapons of the United States Marine Corps">weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_individual_equipment" title="List of United States Marine Corps individual equipment">other</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of equipment of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="List of equipment of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Individual weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crew-served_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of crew-served weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Crew-served weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_land_vehicles_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="List of land vehicles of the United States Armed Forces">Vehicles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_currently_active_United_States_military_land_vehicles" title="List of currently active United States military land vehicles">active</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Sea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currently_active_United_States_military_watercraft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of currently active United States military watercraft">All watercraft</a></li> <li>Ships: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of ships of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_ships" title="List of United States Navy ships">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ships_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of current ships of the United States Navy">active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ships_of_the_United_States_Navy#Future_ships" title="List of current ships of the United States Navy">future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of ships of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_cutters" title="List of United States Coast Guard cutters">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Military_Sealift_Command_ships" title="List of Military Sealift Command ships">MSC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Weapons: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_weapons" title="List of United States Navy weapons">N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_naval_reactors" title="United States naval reactors">Reactors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="Lists of military aircraft of the United States">Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_undesignated_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="List of undesignated military aircraft of the United States">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_United_States_military_aircraft" title="List of active United States military aircraft">active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_future_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="List of future military aircraft of the United States">future</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="United States military aircraft designation systems">Aircraft designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._helicopter_armament_subsystems" title="U.S. helicopter armament subsystems">Helicopter arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army_during_World_War_II" title="List of equipment of the United States Army during World War II">WWII equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_football" title="Nuclear football">Nuclear football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States" title="List of military electronics of the United States">Electronics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joint_Electronics_Type_Designation_System" title="Joint Electronics Type Designation System">designations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Flags of the United States Armed Forces">Flags</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Flag of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Flag of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Flag of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Flag of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Flag of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Flag of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensign_of_the_United_States" title="Ensign of the United States">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_of_the_United_States" title="Jack of the United States">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidon_(United_States)" title="Guidon (United States)">Guidons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_ration" title="United States military ration">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United States and weapons of mass destruction">WMDs</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear weapons of the United States">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_biological_weapons_program" title="United States biological weapons program">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._chemical_weapons_topics" title="List of U.S. chemical weapons topics">Chemical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military of the United States">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Army" title="Category:United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy" title="Category:United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Space_Force" title="Category:United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Category:United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Navboxes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Army_navbox" title="Template:US Army navbox">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Marine_Corps_navbox" title="Template:US Marine Corps navbox">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Navy_navbox" title="Template:US Navy navbox">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template:United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Space_Force" title="Template:United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Coast_Guard_navbox" title="Template:US Coast Guard navbox">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_the_United_States_and_related_topics751" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Template:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_the_United_States_and_related_topics751" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a> and related topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Relevant colonial era,<br />United States and<br />international laws</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_in_the_American_Colonies" title="Nationality law in the American Colonies">Nationality law in the American Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Act_1740" title="Plantation Act 1740">Plantation Act 1740</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1790" title="Naturalization Act of 1790">Naturalization Act 1790</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1795" title="Naturalization Act of 1795">1795</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1798" title="Naturalization Act of 1798">1798</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Law_of_1802" title="Naturalization Law of 1802">Naturalization Law 1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_to_Encourage_Immigration" title="An Act to Encourage Immigration">Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866" title="Civil Rights Act of 1866">Civil Rights Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment (1868)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1870" title="Naturalization Act of 1870">Naturalization Act 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_Act_of_1875" title="Page Act of 1875">Page Act (1875)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1882" title="Immigration Act of 1882">Immigration Act of 1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act" title="Chinese Exclusion Act">Chinese Exclusion (1882)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Act_(1888)" title="Scott Act (1888)">Scott Act (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1891" title="Immigration Act of 1891">Immigration Act of 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geary_Act" title="Geary Act">Geary Act (1892)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1900–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1903" title="Immigration Act of 1903">Immigration Act 1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1906" title="Naturalization Act of 1906">Naturalization Act 1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_Agreement_of_1907" title="Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907">Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1907" title="Immigration Act of 1907">Immigration Act 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1918" title="Immigration Act of 1918">Immigration Act 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Quota_Act" title="Emergency Quota Act">Emergency Quota Act (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Act" title="Cable Act">Cable Act (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act 1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tydings%E2%80%93McDuffie_Act" title="Tydings–McDuffie Act">Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Repatriation_Act" title="Filipino Repatriation Act">Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_Act_of_1940" title="Nationality Act of 1940">Nationality Act of 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_Program" title="Bracero Program">Bracero Program (1942–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnuson_Act" title="Magnuson Act">Magnuson Act (1943)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Brides_Act" title="War Brides Act">War Brides Act (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Fianc%C3%A9es_and_Fianc%C3%A9s_Act" title="Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act">Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce%E2%80%93Celler_Act" title="Luce–Celler Act">Luce–Celler Act (1946)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1950–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention relating to the Status of Refugees">UN Refugee Convention (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952">Immigration and Nationality Act 1952</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_Section_212(f)" title="Immigration and Nationality Act Section 212(f)">Section 212(f)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_Section_287(g)" title="Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g)">Section 287(g)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_Act" title="Refugee Act">Refugee Act (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986" title="Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986">Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Fairness" title="Family Fairness">Family Fairness (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Homecoming_Act" title="American Homecoming Act">American Homecoming Act (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1990" title="Immigration Act of 1990">Immigration Act 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Technical_Corrections_Act_of_1994" title="Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994">Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_Immigration_Reform_and_Immigrant_Responsibility_Act_of_1996" title="Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Adjustment_and_Central_American_Relief_Act" title="Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act">Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Competitiveness_and_Workforce_Improvement_Act" title="American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act">American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Competitiveness_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act">American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Immigration_Family_Equity_Act" title="Legal Immigration Family Equity Act">Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-1B_Visa_Reform_Act_of_2004" title="H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004">H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_ID_Act" title="Real ID Act">Real ID Act (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Fence_Act_of_2006" title="Secure Fence Act of 2006">Secure Fence Act (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Parents_of_Americans" title="Deferred Action for Parents of Americans">Deferred Action for Parents of Americans (DAPA) (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769 (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">Executive Order 13780 (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_The_United_States" title="Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States">Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeping_Families_Together_(United_States_immigration_policy)" title="Keeping Families Together (United States immigration policy)">Keeping Families Together (KFT) (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visas and policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Visa policy of the United States">Visa policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">Permanent residence (Green card)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Waiver_Program" title="Visa Waiver Program">Visa Waiver Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_protected_status" title="Temporary protected status">Temporary protected status (TPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_Immigrant_Visa" title="Diversity Immigrant Visa">Green Card Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Minors_Program" title="Central American Minors Program">Central American Minors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_authorization_document" title="Employment authorization document">Employment authorization document (EAD card)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_action" title="Deferred action">Deferred action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parole_(United_States_immigration)" title="Parole (United States immigration)">Parole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjustment_of_status" title="Adjustment of status">Adjustment of status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-VISIT" class="mw-redirect" title="US-VISIT">US-VISIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Advisory_Opinion" title="Security Advisory Opinion">Security Advisory Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Verify" title="E-Verify">E-Verify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Origins_Formula" title="National Origins Formula">National Origins Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedited_removal" title="Expedited removal">Expedited removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration detention in the United States">Detention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Family immigration detention in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unaccompanied_Alien_Children" title="Unaccompanied Alien Children">Unaccompanied children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Trump administration family separation policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Government<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Border Patrol">U.S. Border Patrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/BORTAC" title="BORTAC">BORTAC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_for_Immigration_Review" title="Executive Office for Immigration Review">Executive Office for Immigration Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Immigration_Appeals" title="Board of Immigration Appeals">Board of Immigration Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement" title="Office of Refugee Resettlement">Office of Refugee Resettlement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_immigration_and_naturalization_case_law" title="Category:United States immigration and naturalization case law">Supreme Court cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Wong_Kim_Ark" title="United States v. Wong Kim Ark"><i>US v. Wong Kim Ark</i> (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozawa_v._United_States" title="Ozawa v. United States"><i>Ozawa v. US</i> (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind"><i>US v. Bhagat Singh Thind</i> (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Brignoni-Ponce" title="United States v. Brignoni-Ponce"><i>US v. Brignoni-Ponce</i> (1975)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zadvydas_v._Davis" title="Zadvydas v. Davis">Zadvydas v. Davis</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Commerce_v._Whiting" title="Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting"><i>Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting</i> (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_v._Barr" title="Barton v. Barr"><i>Barton v. Barr</i> (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California"><i>DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.</i></a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Wolf_v._Vidal" title="Wolf v. Vidal">Wolf v. Vidal</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niz-Chavez_v._Garland" title="Niz-Chavez v. Garland"><i>Niz-Chavez v. Garland</i> (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanchez_v._Mayorkas" title="Sanchez v. Mayorkas"><i>Sanchez v. Mayorkas</i> (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_v._Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Department of State v. Muñoz"><i>Department of State v. Muñoz</i> (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related issues<br />and events</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_immigration_reform_protests" title="2006 United States immigration reform protests">2006 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_County,_Texas" title="Brooks County, Texas">Brooks County, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_migrant_caravans" title="Central American migrant caravans">Central American migrant caravans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_illegal_immigrants_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of illegal immigrants in the United States">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Effects of immigration to the United States">Effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_the_United_States" title="Eugenics in the United States">Eugenics in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_worker_program" title="Guest worker program">Guest worker program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_United_States" title="Human trafficking in the United States">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_smuggling" title="People smuggling">Human smuggling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coyotaje" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyotaje">Coyotaje</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform" title="Immigration reform">Immigration reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_deported_or_removed_from_the_United_States" title="List of people deported or removed from the United States">List of people deported from the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Mexico–United States border crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall" title="Mexico–United States border wall">Mexico–United States border wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortage#add_Labor_shortage" title="Shortage">Labor shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_America" title="March for America">March for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrant population of the United States">Illegal immigrant population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_immigration_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse immigration in the United States">Reverse immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_immigration_crisis" title="2014 American immigration crisis">Unaccompanied minors from Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration to the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–United States border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol_interior_checkpoints" title="United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints">United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DREAM_Act" title="DREAM Act">DREAM Act (2001–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Protection,_Anti-terrorism_and_Illegal_Immigration_Control_Act_of_2005" title="Border Protection, Anti-terrorism and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005">H.R. 4437 (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_America_and_Orderly_Immigration_Act" title="Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act">McCain–Kennedy (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2006" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Through_Regularized_Immigration_and_a_Vibrant_Economy_Act_of_2007" title="Security Through Regularized Immigration and a Vibrant Economy Act of 2007">STRIVE Act (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2007" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_American_Families_Act" title="Uniting American Families Act">Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security,_Economic_Opportunity,_and_Immigration_Modernization_Act_of_2013" title="Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013">Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_SAFE_Act_of_2015" title="American SAFE Act of 2015">SAFE Act (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAISE_Act" title="RAISE Act">RAISE Act (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Citizenship_Act_of_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="US Citizenship Act of 2021">US Citizenship Act of 2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigration stations<br />and points of entry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_Immigration_Station" title="Angel Island Immigration Station">Angel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Boston_Immigration_Station" title="East Boston Immigration Station">East Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry" title="Otay Mesa Port of Entry">Otay Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan%27s_Island,_South_Carolina" title="Sullivan's Island, South Carolina">Sullivan's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Avenue_Immigration_Station" title="Washington Avenue Immigration Station">Washington Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wetback" title="Operation Wetback">"Wetback" (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peter_Pan" title="Operation Peter Pan">"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Babylift" title="Operation Babylift">"Babylift" (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gatekeeper" title="Operation Gatekeeper">"Gatekeeper" (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Endgame" title="Operation Endgame">"Endgame" (2003–2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Front_Line" title="Operation Front Line">"Front Line" (2004–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Streamline" title="Operation Streamline">"Streamline" (2005–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Return_to_Sender" title="Operation Return to Sender">"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jump_Start" title="Operation Jump Start">"Jump Start" (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phalanx_(2010-2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Phalanx (2010-2016)">"Phalanx" (2010–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_DREAM_Act" title="California DREAM Act">California DREAM Act (2006–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070" title="Arizona SB 1070">Arizona SB 1070 (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_HB_56" title="Alabama HB 56">Alabama HB 56 (2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Non-governmental<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Border_Recon" title="Arizona Border Recon">Arizona Border Recon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coalition_for_Immigration_Reform" title="California Coalition for Immigration Reform">California Coalition for Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="CASA of Maryland">CASA of Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">Center for Immigration Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Migration_Studies_of_New_York" title="Center for Migration Studies of New York">Center for Migration Studies of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Humane_Immigrant_Rights_of_Los_Angeles" title="Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles">Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform" title="Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform">Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Change" title="Community Change">Community Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">Federation for American Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improve_The_Dream" title="Improve The Dream">Improve The Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexica_Movement" title="Mexica Movement">Mexica Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans_Without_Borders" title="Mexicans Without Borders">Mexicans Without Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Policy_Institute" title="Migration Policy Institute">Migration Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Civil_Defense_Corps" title="Minuteman Civil Defense Corps">Minuteman Civil Defense Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Project" title="Minuteman Project">Minuteman Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Forum" title="National Immigration Forum">National Immigration Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Korean_American_Service_%26_Education_Consortium" title="National Korean American Service & Education Consortium">National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_Population_Growth" title="Negative Population Growth">Negative Population Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_More_Deaths" title="No More Deaths">No More Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Our_State" title="Save Our State">Save Our State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Compact" title="Utah Compact">Utah Compact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borderland_(TV_series)" title="Borderland (TV series)">Borderland (TV series)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missing_in_Brooks_County" title="Missing in Brooks County">Missing in Brooks County</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States799" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States799" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Export_Enforcement" title="Office of Export Enforcement">Office of Export Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_Fisheries_Office_of_Law_Enforcement" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Law Enforcement">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Fisheries: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce_Office_of_Security" title="U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Security">Office of Security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Defense Criminal Investigative Service">Defense Criminal Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_police" title="Department of Defense police">Department of Defense police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency#DLA_Police" title="Defense Logistics Agency">Defense Logistics Agency Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Force_Protection_Agency" title="Pentagon Force Protection Agency">Pentagon Force Protection Agency</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Pentagon_Police" title="United States Pentagon Police">Pentagon Police</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSA_police" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA police">National Security Agency Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Intelligence_and_Security_Command" title="United States Army Intelligence and Security Command">Intelligence and Security Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Army Criminal Investigation Division">Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_Corps_(United_States)" title="Military Police Corps (United States)">Military Police Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army_Civilian_Police" title="Department of the Army Civilian Police">Army Department Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corrections_Command" title="United States Army Corrections Command">Corrections Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Naval Criminal Investigative Service">Criminal Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division">Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master-at-arms_(United_States_Navy)" title="Master-at-arms (United States Navy)">Master-at-Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Navy_Police" title="Department of the Navy Police">Navy Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Civilian_Police" title="United States Marine Corps Civilian Police">Marine Corps Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy#Police" title="United States Naval Academy">Naval Academy Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Office_of_Special_Investigations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations">Office of Special Investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces" title="United States Air Force Security Forces">Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Air_Force_Police" title="Department of the Air Force Police">Department of the Air Force Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of<br />Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (<a href="/wiki/Office_of_Criminal_Investigations" title="Office of Criminal Investigations">Office of Criminal Investigations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Police" title="National Institutes of Health Police">National Institutes of Health Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Department of<br />Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers">Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Investigative_Service" title="Coast Guard Investigative Service">Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Police" title="United States Coast Guard Police">Coast Guard Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">Customs and Border Protection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">Border Patrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service_Uniformed_Division" title="United States Secret Service Uniformed Division">Uniformed Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Air_Marshal_Service" title="Federal Air Marshal Service">Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of<br />the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs_Police" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs Police">Bureau of Indian Affairs Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management#Law_enforcement_and_security" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam_Police" title="Hoover Dam Police">Hoover Dam Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_ranger" title="National Park Service ranger">Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_Office_of_Law_Enforcement" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement">Fish and Wildlife Service: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuge System: Division of Refuge Law Enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FBI_Police" title="FBI Police">FBI Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Prisons" title="Federal Bureau of Prisons">Federal Bureau of Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">United States Marshals Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Bureau of Diplomatic Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Security_Service" title="Diplomatic Security Service">Diplomatic Security Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Missions" title="Office of Foreign Missions">Office of Foreign Missions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Tobacco_Tax_and_Trade_Bureau" title="Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau">Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing#BEP_Police" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Enforcement_Network" title="Financial Crimes Enforcement Network">Financial Crimes Enforcement Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRS_Criminal_Investigation" title="IRS Criminal Investigation">Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Police" title="United States Mint Police">United States Mint Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other executive <br /> department agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture"><b>Agriculture</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service#Law_Enforcement_.26_Investigations" title="United States Forest Service">US Forest Service: Law Enforcement & Investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy"><b>Energy</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Secure_Transportation" title="Office of Secure Transportation">Office of Secure Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation"><b>Transportation</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy#Department_of_Public_Safety" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">United States Merchant Marine Academy Department of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs"><b>Veterans Affairs</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_Police" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs Police">Department of Veterans Affairs Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives">Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate">Sergeant at Arms of the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">United States Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office#GPO_Police" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Probation_and_Pretrial_Services_System" title="U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System">U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" title="Marshal of the United States Supreme Court">Marshal of the United States Supreme Court</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Police" title="Supreme Court Police">Supreme Court Police</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other federal law<br />enforcement agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Police_Department" title="Amtrak Police Department">Amtrak Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_structure_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency#Directorate_of_Support" title="Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency: Security Protective Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Enforcement_and_Compliance_Assurance" title="Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance">Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Police" title="Federal Reserve Police">Federal Reserve Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia">Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">Postal Inspection Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service#Postal_Police_Force" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">U.S. Postal Police</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Office_of_Protection_Services" title="Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services">Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Office_of_Protection_Services#Positions" title="Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services">National Zoological Park Police</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_W._Bush703" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_W._Bush" title="Template talk:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_W._Bush703" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">43rd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2001–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Texas" title="List of governors of Texas">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor of Texas</a> (1995–2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">Transition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="First inauguration of George W. Bush">1st inauguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="Second inauguration of George W. Bush">2nd inauguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">Timeline</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2001)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2001)">2001</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2002)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2002)">2002</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2003)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2003)">2003</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2004)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2004)">2004</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2005)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2005)">2005</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2006)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2006)">2006</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2007)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2007)">2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">2008</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)#January_2009" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">January 2009</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Domestic policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_W._Bush_legislation_and_programs" title="List of George W. Bush legislation and programs">Legislation and programs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Economic policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">Foreign policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of international presidential trips made by George W. Bush">International trips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Russia–United States summits">Russia summits</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia_Summit_2001" title="Slovenia Summit 2001">Slovenia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_Summit_2005" title="Slovakia Summit 2005">Slovakia</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">Status of Forces Agreement</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act" title="No Child Left Behind Act">No Child Left Behind Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Medicare_Prescription_Drug,_Improvement,_and_Modernization_Act" title="Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act">Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/USA_Freedom_Corps" title="USA Freedom Corps">USA Freedom Corps</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Department of Homeland Security</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the George W. Bush administration">Space policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Offensive_Reductions_Treaty" title="Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty">Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">"War on Terror"</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Service_and_Civic_Participation" title="President's Council on Service and Civic Participation">President's Council on Service and Civic Participation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Volunteer_Service_Award" title="President's Volunteer Service Award">award</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys_controversy" title="Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy">Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bush_White_House_email_controversy" title="Bush White House email controversy">Email controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">Judicial appointments</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts_Supreme_Court_nomination" class="mw-redirect" title="John Roberts Supreme Court nomination">John Roberts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Miers_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Harriet Miers Supreme Court nomination">Harriet Miers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination">Samuel Alito</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush Cabinet">Cabinet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of people pardoned by George W. Bush">Pardons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_George_W._Bush" title="Efforts to impeach George W. Bush">Impeachment efforts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential proclamations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">State funeral of Ronald Reagan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford">State funeral of Gerald Ford</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/100px-George-W-Bush.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/150px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/200px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="3000" /></span></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Childhood_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush Childhood Home">Childhood home</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Early life of George W. Bush">Early life and career</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center" title="George W. Bush Presidential Center">Presidential library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_portraits_of_George_W._and_Laura_Bush" title="Presidential portraits of George W. and Laura Bush">Presidential portrait</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_military_service_controversy" title="George W. Bush military service controversy">Military service controversy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_controversy" title="Killian documents controversy">Killian documents controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_authenticity_issues" title="Killian documents authenticity issues">authenticity issues</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Professional_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Professional life of George W. Bush">Professional life</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_George_W._Bush" title="Governorship of George W. Bush">Governorship of Texas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Chapel_Ranch" title="Prairie Chapel Ranch">Prairie Chapel Ranch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walker%27s_Point_Estate" title="Walker's Point Estate">Walker's Point Estate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/February_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (Feb 2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Remarks_at_the_Islamic_Center_of_Washington" title="Remarks at the Islamic Center of Washington">Remarks at the Islamic Center of Washington</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/September_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mission_Accomplished_speech" title="Mission Accomplished speech">Mission Accomplished</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union addresses</a> </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2002 State of the Union Address">2002</a> (<a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">"Axis of evil"</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2003 State of the Union Address">2003</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2004 State of the Union Address">2004</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2005 State of the Union Address">2005</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2006 State of the Union Address">2006</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2007 State of the Union Address">2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2008 State of the Union Address">2008</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_W._Bush" title="Electoral history of George W. Bush">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections">1978</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gubernatorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Texas gubernatorial election">1994</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Texas gubernatorial election">1998</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">convention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">election</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2004_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign">2004 campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">convention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2004 United States presidential debates">debates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">election</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_George_W._Bush" title="Public image of George W. Bush">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bushism" title="Bushism">Bushisms</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of nicknames used by George W. Bush">Nicknames</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_and_films_about_George_W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books and films about George W. Bush">As the subject of books and films</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fictionalized_portrayals_of_George_W._Bush" title="Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush">Fictionalized portrayals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miss_Me_Yet%3F" title="Miss Me Yet?">Miss Me Yet?</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Yo,_Blair" title="Yo, Blair">Yo, Blair</a>"</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_W._Bush" title="Bibliography of George W. Bush">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Charge_to_Keep" title="A Charge to Keep">A Charge to Keep</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Decision_Points" title="Decision Points">Decision Points</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/41:_A_Portrait_of_My_Father" title="41: A Portrait of My Father">41: A Portrait of My Father</a></i> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Portraits_of_Courage" title="Portraits of Courage">Portraits of Courage</a></i> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Many,_One:_Portraits_of_America%27s_Immigrants" title="Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants">Out of Many, One</a></i> (2021)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11"><i>Fahrenheit 9/11</i> (2004 documentary)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._(film)" title="W. (film)"><i>W.</i> (2008 film)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bush_family" title="Bush family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> (wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush_(born_1981)" title="Barbara Bush (born 1981)">Barbara Pierce Bush</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Bush_Hager" title="Jenna Bush Hager">Jenna Bush Hager</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (father</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">presidency</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a> (mother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Robinson_Bush" title="Pauline Robinson Bush">Robin Bush</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Bush" title="Neil Bush">Neil Bush</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Bush" title="Marvin Bush">Marvin Bush</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bush_Koch" title="Dorothy Bush Koch">Dorothy Bush Koch</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barney_(dog)" title="Barney (dog)">Barney</a> (dog)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miss_Beazley" title="Miss Beazley">Miss Beazley</a> (dog)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_(cat)" title="India (cat)">India</a> (cat)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spot_Fetcher" title="Spot Fetcher">Spot Fetcher</a> (dog)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">← Bill Clinton</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama →</a></b></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_W._Bush" title="Category:George W. 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Department of Homeland Security"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20051206001&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007297806205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500312943">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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