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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 1950s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960–1963" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960–1963"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 1960–1963 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960–1963-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1963–1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1963–1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 1963–1974 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1963–1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cypriot_military_coup_and_Turkish_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cypriot_military_coup_and_Turkish_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Cypriot military coup and Turkish invasion </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cypriot_military_coup_and_Turkish_invasion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cypriot military coup and Turkish invasion subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cypriot_military_coup_and_Turkish_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cypriot_military_coup_of_July_1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cypriot_military_coup_of_July_1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Cypriot military coup of July 1974 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cypriot_military_coup_of_July_1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Turkish_invasion,_July_1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Turkish_invasion,_July_1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 First Turkish invasion, July 1974 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Turkish_invasion,_July_1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collapse_of_the_Greek_junta_and_peace_talks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collapse_of_the_Greek_junta_and_peace_talks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Collapse of the Greek junta and peace talks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collapse_of_the_Greek_junta_and_peace_talks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Turkish_invasion,_14–16_August_1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Turkish_invasion,_14–16_August_1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Second Turkish invasion, 14–16 August 1974 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Turkish_invasion,_14–16_August_1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights_violations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights_violations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Human rights violations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_rights_violations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Human rights violations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Human_rights_violations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Against_Greek_Cypriots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Against_Greek_Cypriots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Against Greek Cypriots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Against_Greek_Cypriots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Against_Turkish_Cypriots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Against_Turkish_Cypriots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Against Turkish Cypriots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Against_Turkish_Cypriots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missing_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missing_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Missing people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missing_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destruction_of_cultural_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction_of_cultural_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Destruction of cultural heritage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction_of_cultural_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Opinions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opinions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Opinions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Opinions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greek_Cypriot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_Cypriot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Greek Cypriot </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_Cypriot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish_Cypriot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish_Cypriot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Turkish Cypriot </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish_Cypriot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Declaration_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declaration_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Declaration of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declaration_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ongoing_negotiations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ongoing_negotiations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Ongoing negotiations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ongoing_negotiations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish_settlers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish_settlers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Turkish settlers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish_settlers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_arms_embargo_on_Turkey_and_Republic_of_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_arms_embargo_on_Turkey_and_Republic_of_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 United States arms embargo on Turkey and Republic of Cyprus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_arms_embargo_on_Turkey_and_Republic_of_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Footnotes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Footnotes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 General references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official_publications_and_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_publications_and_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Official publications and sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_publications_and_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_and_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_and_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Books and articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_and_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Other sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" > 46 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5_(1974)" title="الغزو التركي لقبرص (1974) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الغزو التركي لقبرص (1974)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A8_%D4%B4%D5%A7%D5%BA%D5%AB_%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Թուրքերու Ներխուժումը Դէպի Կիպրոս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թուրքերու Ներխուժումը Դէպի Կիպրոս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipr_%C9%99m%C9%99liyyat%C4%B1" title="Kipr əməliyyatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kipr əməliyyatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="قیبریس باریش عملیاتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیبریس باریش عملیاتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Турэцкае ўварванне на Кіпр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турэцкае ўварванне на Кіпр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Турска окупация на Кипър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турска окупация на Кипър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tureck%C3%A1_invaze_na_Kypr" title="Turecká invaze na Kypr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turecká invaze na Kypr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkische_Invasion_Zyperns" title="Türkische Invasion Zyperns – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Türkische Invasion Zyperns" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrgi_sissetung_K%C3%BCprosele" title="Türgi sissetung Küprosele – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türgi sissetung Küprosele" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Τουρκική εισβολή στην Κύπρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκική εισβολή στην Κύπρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasi%C3%B3n_turca_de_Chipre" title="Invasión turca de Chipre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Invasión turca de Chipre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="حمله ترکیه به قبرس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حمله ترکیه به قبرس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_turque_de_Chypre" title="Invasion turque de Chypre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Invasion turque de Chypre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkske_ynvaazje_fan_Syprus" title="Turkske ynvaazje fan Syprus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkske ynvaazje fan Syprus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasi%C3%B3n_turca_de_Chipre" title="Invasión turca de Chipre – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Invasión turca de Chipre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%98_%ED%82%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B9%A8%EA%B3%B5" title="튀르키예의 키프로스 침공 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예의 키프로스 침공" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A8_%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Թուրքական ներխուժումը Կիպրոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքական ներխուժումը Կիպրոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasi_Siprus_oleh_Turki" title="Invasi Siprus oleh Turki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Invasi Siprus oleh Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasione_turca_di_Cipro" title="Invasione turca di Cipro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Invasione turca di Cipro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פלישת טורקיה לקפריסין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלישת טורקיה לקפריסין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcijas_iebrukums_Kipr%C4%81" title="Turcijas iebrukums Kiprā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turcijas iebrukums Kiprā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprus_1974-es_t%C3%B6r%C3%B6k_megsz%C3%A1ll%C3%A1sa" title="Ciprus 1974-es török megszállása – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ciprus 1974-es török megszállása" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5" title="الغزو التركى لقبرص – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الغزو التركى لقبرص" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencerobohan_Turki_ke_atas_Cyprus" title="Pencerobohan Turki ke atas Cyprus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pencerobohan Turki ke atas Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkse_invasie_van_Cyprus" title="Turkse invasie van Cyprus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkse invasie van Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AD%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E4%BE%B5%E6%94%BB" title="トルコのキプロス侵攻 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコのキプロス侵攻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Хункархойн тӀегӀортар Кипре – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хункархойн тӀегӀортар Кипре" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_tyrkiske_invasjonen_av_Kypros" title="Den tyrkiske invasjonen av Kypros – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den tyrkiske invasjonen av Kypros" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_de_Chipre" title="Invasion de Chipre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Invasion de Chipre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5_%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AA" title="قبرص وچ ترک فوجی مداخلت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قبرص وچ ترک فوجی مداخلت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwazja_turecka_na_Cypr" title="Inwazja turecka na Cypr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Inwazja turecka na Cypr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invas%C3%A3o_turca_de_Chipre" title="Invasão turca de Chipre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Invasão turca de Chipre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invazia_turc%C4%83_%C3%AEn_Cipru" title="Invazia turcă în Cipru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Invazia turcă în Cipru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Турецкое вторжение на Кипр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турецкое вторжение на Кипр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushtimi_turk_i_Qipros" title="Pushtimi turk i Qipros – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pushtimi turk i Qipros" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Инвазија Турске на Кипар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инвазија Турске на Кипар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invazija_Turske_na_Kipar" title="Invazija Turske na Kipar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Invazija Turske na Kipar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyproksen_miehitys" title="Kyproksen miehitys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kyproksen miehitys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypernkrisen_1974" title="Cypernkrisen 1974 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cypernkrisen 1974" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" title="การรุกรานไซปรัสของตุรกี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การรุกรานไซปรัสของตุรกี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Harek%C3%A2t%C4%B1" title="Kıbrıs Harekâtı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kıbrıs Harekâtı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipr_Parahat%C3%A7ylyk_operasi%C3%BDasy" title="Kipr Parahatçylyk operasiýasy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kipr Parahatçylyk operasiýasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Турецьке вторгнення на Кіпр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Турецьке вторгнення на Кіпр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AA" title="قبرص میں ترک فوجی مداخلت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قبرص میں ترک فوجی مداخلت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_Nh%C4%A9_K%E1%BB%B3_x%C3%A2m_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c_S%C3%ADp" title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ xâm lược Síp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ xâm lược Síp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF" title="土耳其入侵塞浦路斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土耳其入侵塞浦路斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1050999#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1974 military conflict in Cyprus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1974 Turkish invasion. For the 1570 Ottoman conquest, see <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%931573)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)">Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Operation Atilla" redirects here. For the planned Nazi invasion of France, see <a href="/wiki/Operation_Attila_(World_War_II)" title="Operation Attila (World War II)">Operation Attila (World War II)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus problem</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus_1973_ethnic_neutral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cyprus_1973_ethnic_neutral.svg/280px-Cyprus_1973_ethnic_neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cyprus_1973_ethnic_neutral.svg/420px-Cyprus_1973_ethnic_neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cyprus_1973_ethnic_neutral.svg/560px-Cyprus_1973_ethnic_neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="775" /></a> Ethnic map of Cyprus in 1973. Gold denotes Greek Cypriots, purple denotes Turkish Cypriot enclaves and red denotes British bases.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>20 July – 18 August 1974 (4 weeks and 1 day)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Turkish victory<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek military junta</a> collapses on 24 July 1974</li> <li>200,000 <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a> displaced<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pierpaoli2014-9">[9]</a></li> <li>50,000 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a> displaced<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> Turkey occupies 36.2% of Cyprus<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <ul><li>Formation of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Turkish_Cypriot_Administration" title="Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration">Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Resistance_Organisation" title="Turkish Resistance Organisation">Turkish Resistance Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/EOKA_flag.svg/20px-EOKA_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/EOKA_flag.svg/40px-EOKA_flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/EOKA_B" title="EOKA B">EOKA B</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fahri_Korut%C3%BCrk" title="Fahri Korutürk">Fahri Korutürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rauf_Denkta%C5%9F" title="Rauf Denktaş">Rauf Denktaş</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Glafcos_Clerides" title="Glafcos Clerides">Glafcos Clerides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281960%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Sampson" title="Nikos Sampson">Nikos Sampson</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/EOKA_flag.svg/20px-EOKA_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/EOKA_flag.svg/40px-EOKA_flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Sklavenitis" title="Athanasios Sklavenitis">Athanasios Sklavenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Ioannidis" title="Dimitrios Ioannidis">Dimitrios Ioannidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Greece_%281970-1975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Phaedon_Gizikis" title="Phaedon Gizikis">Phaedon Gizikis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Turkey: 40,000 troops<a href="#cite_note-ulvikeser453-13">[13]</a> 160–180 <a href="/wiki/M47_Patton" title="M47 Patton">M47</a> and <a href="/wiki/M48_Patton" title="M48 Patton">M48</a> tanks<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li> <li>Turkish Cypriot enclaves:</li> <li>11,000–13,500 men, up to 20,000 under full mobilisation<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li>Total: 60,000</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Cyprus:</li> <li>12,000<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li>Small number of <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a> tanks</li> <li>Greece:</li> <li>1,800–2,000<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li>Total: 14,000</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1,500–3,500 casualties (estimated) (military and civilian)<a href="#cite_note-Pierpaoli2014-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-JentlesonPaterson1997-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaques2007-19">[19]</a> including 568 <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">KIA</a> (498 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">TAF</a>, 70 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Resistance_Organisation" title="Turkish Resistance Organisation">Resistance</a>) 2,000 wounded<a href="#cite_note-Pierpaoli2014-9">[9]</a> 270 civilians killed 803 civilians missing (official number in 1974)<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 4,500–6,000 casualties (estimated) (military and civilian)<a href="#cite_note-Pierpaoli2014-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-JentlesonPaterson1997-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaques2007-19">[19]</a> including 309 (Cyprus) and 105 (Greece) military deaths<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-mfac-23">[23]</a> 1,000–1,100 missing (as of 2015)<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations"><img alt="United Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Force_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus">UNFICYP:</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> 9 killed 65 wounded</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Template:Campaignbox Turkish invasion of Cyprus"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Template 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Palace">Ledra Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Niki" title="Operation Niki">Niki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nicosia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Nicosia (page does not exist)">Nicosia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=July-August_Clashes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="July-August Clashes (page does not exist)">July-August Clashes</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kornos_Hill_ambush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kornos Hill ambush (page does not exist)">Kornos Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kefalovriso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kefalovriso (page does not exist)">Kefalovriso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attila_2_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attila 2 Offensive (page does not exist)">Attila 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agios_Dometios" title="Battle of Agios Dometios">Agios Dometios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tochni_massacre" title="Tochni massacre">Tochni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha,_Santalaris_and_Aloda_massacre" title="Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre">Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assia,_Cyprus#History" title="Assia, Cyprus">Assia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eptakomi" title="Eptakomi">Eptakomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysklipos" title="Sysklipos">Sysklipos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prastio,_Famagusta" title="Prastio, Famagusta">Prastio</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cyprus_problem1571" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Cyprus_dispute" title="Template:Campaignbox Cyprus dispute"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Cyprus_dispute" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Cyprus dispute"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Cyprus_dispute" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Cyprus dispute"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyprus_problem1571" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus problem</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a> (1955–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–64</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">Bloody Christmas</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tillyria" title="Battle of Tillyria">Battle of Tillyria</a> (1964)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1967" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'état">1974 coup</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1974 Turkish invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pentemili_beachhead" title="Battle of Pentemili beachhead">Battle of Pentemili beachhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha,_Santalaris_and_Aloda_massacre" title="Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre">Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_S-300_crisis" title="Cypriot S-300 crisis">S-300 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Turkey_maritime_zones_dispute" title="Cyprus–Turkey maritime zones dispute">Maritime zones dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Cyprus_gas_dispute" title="2018 Cyprus gas dispute">2018 dispute</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> The Turkish invasion of Cyprus<a href="#cite_note-Morelli2011-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[a]</a> began on 20 July 1974 and progressed in two phases over the following month. Taking place upon a background of <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">intercommunal violence</a> between <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a>, and in response to a <a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'état">Greek junta-sponsored Cypriot coup d'état</a> five days earlier, it led to the Turkish <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">capture and occupation</a> of the northern part of the island.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> The coup was ordered by the <a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">military junta in Greece</a> and staged by the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cypriot National Guard</a><a href="#cite_note-OperationNiki-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-IntercommunalViolence-37">[36]</a> in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/EOKA_B" title="EOKA B">EOKA B</a>. It deposed the Cypriot president Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a> and installed <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Sampson" title="Nikos Sampson">Nikos Sampson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> The aim of the coup was the <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">union (enosis) of Cyprus with Greece</a>,<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> and the Hellenic Republic of Cyprus to be declared.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pentemili_beachhead" title="Battle of Pentemili beachhead">Turkish forces landed in Cyprus</a> on 20 July and captured 3% of the island before a ceasefire was declared. The Greek military junta collapsed and was replaced by a civilian government. Following the breakdown of peace talks, Turkish forces enlarged their original <a href="/wiki/Beachhead" title="Beachhead">beachhead</a> in August 1974 resulting in the capture of approximately 36% of the island. The ceasefire line from August 1974 became the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Buffer_Zone_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus">United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus</a> and is commonly referred to as the Green Line. Around 150,000 people (amounting to more than one-quarter of the total population of Cyprus, and to one-third of its <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriot population</a>) were displaced from the northern part of the island, where Greek Cypriots had constituted 80% of the population. Over the course of the next year, roughly 60,000 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Tocci_2007_loc=32-45">[44]</a> amounting to half the Turkish Cypriot population,<a href="#cite_note-pericleousdisp-46">[45]</a> were displaced from the south to the north.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> The Turkish invasion ended in the partition of Cyprus along the UN-monitored Green Line, which still divides Cyprus, and the formation of a <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Turkish_Cypriot_Administration" title="Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration">Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration</a> in the north. In 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a> (TRNC) <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">declared independence</a>, although Turkey is the only country that recognises it.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> The international community considers the TRNC's territory as <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">Turkish-occupied territory</a> of the Republic of Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-Quigley-49">[48]</a> The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> territory since Cyprus became a member.<a href="#cite_note-Ker-LindsayFaustmann2011-50">[49]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus problem</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_and_British_rule">Ottoman and British rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ottoman and British rule">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Ottoman Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a></div> In 1571 the mostly Greek-populated island of Cyprus was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%931573)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)">Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)</a>. After 300 years of Ottoman rule the island and its population was leased to Britain by the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a>, an agreement reached during the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> in 1878 between the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> and the Ottoman Empire. On 5 November 1914, in response to the Ottoman Empire's entry into the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>, the United Kingdom formally declared Cyprus (together with <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Egypt and Sudan</a>) a protectorate of the British Empire<a href="#cite_note-LausanneTreaty-51">[50]</a> and later a <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown colony</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus_(1878%E2%80%931960)" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cyprus (1878–1960)">British Cyprus</a>. Article 20 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a> in 1923 marked the end of the Turkish claim to the island.<a href="#cite_note-LausanneTreaty-51">[50]</a> Article 21 of the treaty gave Turkish nationals ordinarily resident in Cyprus the choice of leaving the island within 2 years or to remain as British subjects.<a href="#cite_note-LausanneTreaty-51">[50]</a> At this time the population of Cyprus was composed of both Greeks and Turks, who identified themselves with their respective homeland.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> However, the elites of both communities shared the belief that they were socially more progressive and better educated, and therefore distinct from the mainlanders.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Greek and Turkish Cypriots lived quietly side by side for many years.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Broadly, three main forces can be held responsible for transforming two ethnic communities into two national ones: education, British colonial practices, and insular religious teachings accompanying economic development.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Formal education was perhaps the most important as it affected Cypriots during childhood and youth; education has been a main vehicle of transferring inter-communal hostility.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> British colonial policies, such as the known principle of "<a href="/wiki/Divide_and_rule" title="Divide and rule">divide and rule</a>", promoted ethnic polarisation as a strategy to reduce the threat to colonial control.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> For example, when <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a> rebelled in the 1950s, the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office#Second_Colonial_Office_(1854–1966)" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a> expanded the size of the <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary Police">Auxiliary Police</a> and in September 1955, established the Special Mobile Reserve which was made up exclusively of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a>, to combat <a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">EOKA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> This and similar practices contributed to inter-communal animosity.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Although <a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">economic development</a> and increased education reduced the explicitly religious characteristics of the two communities, the growth of nationalism on the two mainlands increased the significance of other differences. <a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish nationalism</a> was at the core of the revolutionary programme promoted by the father of modern Turkey, <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> (1881–1938)<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> and affected Turkish Cypriots who followed his principles. President of the Republic of Turkey from 1923 to 1938, Atatürk attempted to build a new nation on the ruins of the Ottoman Empire and elaborated the programme of "six principles" (<a href="/wiki/The_Six_Arrows" title="The Six Arrows">The Six Arrows</a>) to do so. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] These principles of <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a> (<a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Laïcité">laicism</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> reduced Islam's role in the everyday life of individuals and emphasised Turkish identity as the main source of nationalism. Traditional education with a religious foundation was discarded and replaced with one that followed secular principles and, shorn of Arab and Persian influences, was purely Turkish. Turkish Cypriots quickly adopted the secular programme of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish nationalism</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Under Ottoman rule Turkish Cypriots had been classified as Muslims, a distinction based on religion. Being thoroughly secular, Atatürk's programme made their Turkish identity paramount, and may have further reinforced their division from their Greek Cypriot neighbours.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s">1950s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1950s">edit</a>]</div> In the early 1950s, a Greek nationalist group was formed called the Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (<a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">EOKA</a>, or "National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters").<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Their objective was to break free from the British first, and then to integrate the island with Greece. EOKA wished to remove all obstacles from their path to independence, or union with Greece. The first secret talks for EOKA, as a <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> organisation established to integrate the island with Greece, were started under the chairmanship of Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a> in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> on 2 July 1952. In the aftermath of these meetings a "Council of Revolution" was established on 7 March 1953. In early 1954 secret weaponry shipments to Cyprus started with the knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greece" title="Politics of Greece">Greek government</a>. Lt. <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Grivas" title="Georgios Grivas">Georgios Grivas</a> "Digenis", formerly an officer in the Greek army, covertly disembarked on the island on 9 November 1954 and EOKA's campaign against the British forces began to grow.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> The first Turk to be killed by EOKA on 21 June 1955 was a policeman. EOKA also killed Greek Cypriot leftists members of the KKK (Cyprus Communist Party).<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> After the September 1955 <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Pogrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul Pogrom">Istanbul Pogrom</a>, EOKA started its activity against Turkish Cypriots.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> A year later EOKA revived its attempts to achieve the union of Cyprus with Greece. Turkish Cypriots were recruited into the police by the British forces to fight against Greek Cypriots, but EOKA initially did not want to open up a second front against Turkish Cypriots. However, in January 1957, EOKA forces began targeting and killing Turkish Cypriot police deliberately to provoke Turkish Cypriot riots in <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, which diverted the British army's attention away from their positions in the mountains. In the riots, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed, which was presented by the Greek Cypriot leadership as an act of Turkish aggression.<a href="#cite_note-French258-62">[61]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Resistance_Organisation" title="Turkish Resistance Organisation">Turkish Resistance Organisation</a> (TMT, Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı) was formed initially as a local initiative to prevent the union with Greece which was viewed by Turkish Cypriots as an existential threat due to the exodus of <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Cretan Turks</a> from <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> once the union with Greece was achieved. It was later supported and organised directly by the Turkish government,<a href="#cite_note-daria1-63">[62]</a> and the TMT declared war on the Greek Cypriot rebels as well.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-64">[63]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] On 12 June 1958, eight Greek Cypriot men from <a href="/wiki/Kontemenos" title="Kontemenos">Kondemenos</a> village, who were arrested by the British police as part of an armed group suspected of preparing an attack against the Turkish Cypriot quarter of <a href="/wiki/Skylloura" title="Skylloura">Skylloura</a>, were killed by the TMT near the Turkish Cypriot populated village of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6nyeli" title="Gönyeli">Gönyeli</a>, after being dropped off there by the British authorities.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> TMT also blew up the offices of the Turkish press office in Nicosia in a false flag operation to attach blame to Greek Cypriots.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-67">[66]</a> It also began a string of assassinations of prominent Turkish Cypriot supporters of independence.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-67">[66]</a> The following year, after the conclusion of the independence agreements on Cyprus, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Navy">Turkish Navy</a> sent a ship to Cyprus fully loaded with arms for the TMT. The ship was stopped and the crew was caught red-handed in the infamous "Deniz incident".<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960–1963">1960–1963</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1960–1963">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg/220px-Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg/330px-Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg/440px-Ethnographic_distribution_in_Cyprus_1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4250" data-file-height="2573" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic map of Cyprus according to the 1960 census</figcaption></figure> British rule lasted until the middle of August 1960,<a href="#cite_note-Conspiracy_77-69">[68]</a> when the island was declared an independent state on the basis of the <a href="/wiki/London_and_Z%C3%BCrich_Agreements" title="London and Zürich Agreements">London and Zürich Agreements</a> of the previous year. The 1960 Constitution of the Cyprus Republic proved unworkable, however, lasting only three years. Greek Cypriots wanted to end the separate Turkish Cypriot municipal councils permitted by the British in 1958, made subject to review under the 1960 agreements. For many Greek Cypriots these municipalities were the first stage on the way to the partition they feared. The Greek Cypriots wanted <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a>, integration with Greece, while Turkish Cypriots wanted <a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">taksim</a>, partition between Greece and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Resentment also rose within the Greek Cypriot community because Turkish Cypriots had been given a larger share of governmental posts than the size of their population warranted. In accordance with the constitution 30% of civil service jobs were allocated to the Turkish community despite being only 18.3% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Additionally, the position of vice president was reserved for the Turkish population, and both the president and vice president were given veto power over crucial issues.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2000-72">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1963–1974">1963–1974</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1963–1974">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_crisis_of_1963%E2%80%9364" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus crisis of 1963–64">Cyprus crisis of 1963–64</a></div> In December 1963, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President of the Republic</a> Makarios proposed <a href="/wiki/13_Amendments_proposed_by_Makarios_III" class="mw-redirect" title="13 Amendments proposed by Makarios III">thirteen constitutional amendments</a> after the government was blocked by Turkish Cypriot legislators. Frustrated by these impasses and believing that the constitution prevented enosis,<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> the Greek Cypriot leadership believed that the rights given to Turkish Cypriots under the 1960 constitution were too extensive and had designed the <a href="/wiki/Akritas_plan" title="Akritas plan">Akritas plan</a>, which was aimed at reforming the constitution in favour of Greek Cypriots, persuading the international community about the correctness of the changes and violently subjugating Turkish Cypriots in a few days should they not accept the plan.<a href="#cite_note-country12-74">[73]</a> The amendments would have involved the Turkish community giving up many of their protections as a minority, including adjusting ethnic quotas in the government and revoking the presidential and vice-presidential veto power.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2000-72">[71]</a> These amendments were rejected by the Turkish side and the Turkish representation left the government, although there is some dispute over whether they left in protest or were forced out by the National Guard. The 1960 constitution fell apart and communal violence <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">erupted</a> on 21 December 1963, when two Turkish Cypriots were killed at an incident involving the Greek Cypriot police.<a href="#cite_note-country12-74">[73]</a> Both President Makarios and Vice President Küçük issued calls for peace, but these were ignored. Greece, Turkey, and the UK – the guarantors of the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_and_London_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich and London Agreement">Zürich and London Agreements</a> that had led to Cyprus' independence – wanted to send a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> force to the island under the command of General Peter Young.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Within a week of the violence flaring up, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Army">Turkish army</a> contingent had moved out of its barracks and seized the most strategic position on the island across the Nicosia–<a href="/wiki/Kyrenia" title="Kyrenia">Kyrenia</a> road,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] the historic jugular vein of the island. They retained control of that road until 1974, at which time it acted as a crucial link in Turkey's military invasion. From 1963 up to the point of the Turkish invasion of 20 July 1974, Greek Cypriots who wanted to use the road could only do so if accompanied by a UN convoy.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> 700 Turkish residents of northern Nicosia, among them women and children, were taken hostage.<a href="#cite_note-Kyle1997-76">[75]</a> The violence resulted in the death of 364 Turkish and 174 Greek Cypriots,<a href="#cite_note-oberling120-77">[76]</a> destruction of 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages and displacement of 25,000–30,000 Turkish Cypriots.<a href="#cite_note-hoff-78">[77]</a> The British <a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a> later called it an "anti Turkish <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogrom</a>".<a href="#cite_note-TELTd-79">[78]</a> A doomed truce was declared on 26 December 1963 and a British peacekeeping despatched to oversee it.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> In January 1964, negotiations were hosted by the British in London but their failure to make headway, and two vetoes thereafter by Makarios of a suggested NATO or NATO-dominated peacekeeping force, meant matters were turned over to the United Nations.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> After intense debate, UN Security Council <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_186" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 186">Resolution 186</a>, unanimously adopted on 4 March, recommended the creation of a UN peacekeeping force (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Force_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Force in Cyprus">United Nations Force in Cyprus</a>, UNFICYP) and the designation of a UN mediator.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Violence by the militias of both sides had continued, and Turkey made several threats to invade. Indeed, Ankara had decided to do so when, in his famous letter of 5 June 1964, President Johnson of the United States warned that his country was against an invasion, making a veiled threat that NATO would not aid Turkey if its invasion of Cyprus led to a conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> More generally, although Resolution 186 had asked all countries to avoid interfering in Cypriot affairs, the United States disregarded this and, through persistent machinations, managed to overcome manoeuvring by Makarios and protests by the Soviet Union to intimately involve itself in negotiations in the form of presidential envoy Dean Acheson.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> UN-mediated talks – invidiously assisted by Acheson, boycotted by Makarios because he correctly apprehended that the American goal was to terminate Cyprus' independence – began in July in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Acheson dominated proceedings and, by the end of the month, the "Acheson Plan" had become the basis for all future negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> The crisis resulted in the end of the Turkish Cypriot involvement in the administration and their claiming that it had lost its legitimacy.<a href="#cite_note-hoff-78">[77]</a> The nature of this event is still controversial: in some areas, Greek Cypriots prevented Turkish Cypriots from travelling and entering government buildings, while some Turkish Cypriots willingly refused to withdraw due to the calls of the Turkish Cypriot administration.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> They started living in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_enclaves" title="Turkish Cypriot enclaves">enclaves</a> in different areas that were blockaded by the National Guard and were directly supported by Turkey. The republic's structure was changed unilaterally by Makarios and Nicosia was divided by the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Cyprus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Line (Cyprus)">Green Line</a>, with the deployment of <a href="/wiki/UNFICYP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFICYP">UNFICYP</a> troops.<a href="#cite_note-hoff-78">[77]</a> In response to this, their movement and access to basic supplies became more restricted by Greek forces.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> Fighting broke out again in 1967, as the Turkish Cypriots pushed for more freedom of movement. Once again, the situation was not settled until Turkey threatened to invade on the basis that it would be protecting the Turkish population from ethnic cleansing by Greek Cypriot forces. To avoid that, a compromise was reached for Greece to be forced to remove some of its troops from the island; for <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Grivas" title="Georgios Grivas">Georgios Grivas</a>, EOKA leader, to be forced to leave Cyprus and for the Cypriot government to lift some restrictions of movement and access to supplies of the Turkish populations.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cypriot_military_coup_and_Turkish_invasion">Cypriot military coup and Turkish invasion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cypriot military coup and Turkish invasion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_operations_during_the_Invasion_of_Cyprus_(1974)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military operations during the Invasion of Cyprus (1974)">Military operations during the Invasion of Cyprus (1974)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_combat_during_the_Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Air combat during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Air combat during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cypriot_military_coup_of_July_1974">Cypriot military coup of July 1974</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cypriot military coup of July 1974">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'état">1974 Cypriot coup d'état</a></div> In the spring of 1974, Greek Cypriot intelligence discovered that <a href="/wiki/EOKA-B" class="mw-redirect" title="EOKA-B">EOKA-B</a> was planning a coup against President <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> which was sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967-1974" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967-1974">military junta of Athens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TIME-93">[92]</a> The junta had come to power in 1967, via a military coup in Athens. In the autumn of 1973, after the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Polytechnic_uprising" title="Athens Polytechnic uprising">student uprising</a> on 17 November, there had been another coup in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, in which the original <a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a> had been replaced by one still more <a href="/wiki/Obscurantism" title="Obscurantism">obscurantist</a>, headed by the chief of <a href="/wiki/Greek_Military_Police" title="Greek Military Police">Military Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Ioannidis" title="Dimitrios Ioannidis">Dimitrios Ioannidis</a>; though, the actual head was General <a href="/wiki/Phaedon_Gizikis" title="Phaedon Gizikis">Phaedon Gizikis</a>. Ioannides believed that Makarios was no longer a true supporter of enosis, and suspected him of being a communist sympathiser.<a href="#cite_note-TIME-93">[92]</a> This led Ioannides to support EOKA-B and the National Guard, as they tried to undermine Makarios.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> On 2 July 1974, Makarios wrote an open letter to President Gizikis complaining bluntly that 'cadres of the Greek military regime support and direct the activities of the 'EOKA-B' terrorist organisation'.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] He also ordered that Greece remove some 600 Greek officers in the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cypriot National Guard</a> from Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> The Greek Government's immediate reply was to order the go-ahead of the coup. On 15 July 1974 sections of the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cypriot National Guard</a>, led by its Greek officers, overthrew the government.<a href="#cite_note-TIME-93">[92]</a> Makarios narrowly escaped death in the attack. He fled the presidential palace from its back door and went to <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a>, where the British managed to retrieve him by <a href="/wiki/Westland_Whirlwind_(helicopter)" title="Westland Whirlwind (helicopter)">Westland Whirlwind</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] helicopter in the afternoon of 16 July and flew him from Akrotiri to Malta in a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_AW.660_Argosy" title="Armstrong Whitworth AW.660 Argosy">Armstrong Whitworth Argosy</a> transport aircraft and from there to London by <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet" title="De Havilland Comet">de Havilland Comet</a> the next morning.<a href="#cite_note-TIME-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> In the meantime, <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Sampson" title="Nikos Sampson">Nikos Sampson</a> was declared provisional president of the new government. Sampson was an ultra-nationalist, pro-Enosis combatant who was known to be fanatically anti-Turkish and had taken part in violence against Turkish civilians in earlier conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-TIME-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The Sampson regime took over radio stations and declared that Makarios had been killed;<a href="#cite_note-TIME-93">[92]</a> but Makarios, safe in London, was soon able to counteract these reports.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> The Turkish-Cypriots were not affected by the coup against Makarios; one of the reasons was that Ioannides did not want to provoke a Turkish reaction.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] In response to the coup, US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> sent <a href="/wiki/Joseph_J._Sisco" title="Joseph J. Sisco">Joseph Sisco</a> to try to mediate the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-TIME-93">[92]</a> Turkey issued a list of demands to Greece via a US negotiator. These demands included the immediate removal of Nikos Sampson, the withdrawal of 650 Greek officers from the Cypriot National Guard, the admission of Turkish troops to protect their population, equal rights for both populations, and access to the sea from the northern coast for Turkish Cypriots.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> Turkey, led by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a>, then appealed to the UK as a signatory of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guarantee_(1960)" title="Treaty of Guarantee (1960)">Treaty of Guarantee</a> to take action to return Cyprus to its neutral status. The UK declined this offer, and refused to let Turkey use its bases on Cyprus as part of the operation.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> According to American diplomat <a href="/wiki/James_W._Spain" title="James W. Spain">James W. Spain</a>, on the eve of the Turkish invasion US president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> sent a letter to Bülent Ecevit that was not just reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>'s letter to <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_crisis_of_1963%E2%80%9364" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus crisis of 1963–64">Cyprus crisis of 1963–64</a>, but even harsher. However, Nixon's letter never reached the hands of the Turkish prime minister, and no one ever heard anything about it.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Turkish_invasion,_July_1974">First Turkish invasion, July 1974</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: First Turkish invasion, July 1974">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_operations_during_the_Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Military operations during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Military operations during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:06._Operaci%C3%B3n_Atila._Tarde_del_20_Jul.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/06._Operaci%C3%B3n_Atila._Tarde_del_20_Jul.PNG/220px-06._Operaci%C3%B3n_Atila._Tarde_del_20_Jul.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/06._Operaci%C3%B3n_Atila._Tarde_del_20_Jul.PNG/330px-06._Operaci%C3%B3n_Atila._Tarde_del_20_Jul.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/06._Operaci%C3%B3n_Atila._Tarde_del_20_Jul.PNG/440px-06._Operaci%C3%B3n_Atila._Tarde_del_20_Jul.PNG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Location of Turkish forces during the late hours of 20 July 1974.</figcaption></figure> Turkey invaded Cyprus on Saturday, 20 July 1974. Heavily armed troops landed shortly before dawn at <a href="/wiki/Kyrenia" title="Kyrenia">Kyrenia (Girne)</a> on the northern coast meeting resistance from Greek and Greek Cypriot forces. Ankara said that it was invoking its right under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guarantee_(1960)" title="Treaty of Guarantee (1960)">Treaty of Guarantee</a> to protect the Turkish Cypriots and guarantee the independence of Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> By the time the UN Security Council was able to obtain a ceasefire on 22 July the Turkish forces were in command of a narrow path between Kyrenia and Nicosia, 3% of the territory of Cyprus,<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> which they succeeded in widening, violating the ceasefire demanded in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_353" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 353">Resolution 353</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Phillips1995-107">[106]</a> On 20 July, the 10,000 inhabitants of the Turkish Cypriot enclave of <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a> surrendered to the Cypriot National Guard. Following this, according to Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot eyewitness accounts, the Turkish Cypriot quarter was burned, women raped and children shot.<a href="#cite_note-fof-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-oberlinglim-109">[108]</a> 1,300 Turkish Cypriots were confined in a prison camp afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-ros1-110">[109]</a> The enclave in <a href="/wiki/Famagusta" title="Famagusta">Famagusta</a> was subjected to shelling and the Turkish Cypriot town of <a href="/wiki/Lefka" title="Lefka">Lefka</a> was occupied by Greek Cypriot troops.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>, the prisoners of war taken at this stage and before the second invasion included 385 Greek Cypriots in <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>, 63 Greek Cypriots in the Saray Prison and 3,268 Turkish Cypriots in various camps in Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> On the night of 21 to 22 July 1974, a battalion of Greek commandos was transported to <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> from <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> in a clandestine <a href="/wiki/Operation_Niki" title="Operation Niki">airlift operation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OperationNiki-36">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collapse_of_the_Greek_junta_and_peace_talks">Collapse of the Greek junta and peace talks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Collapse of the Greek junta and peace talks">edit</a>]</div> On 23 July 1974 the Greek military junta collapsed mainly because of the events in Cyprus. Greek political leaders in exile started returning to the country. On 24 July 1974 <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Karamanlis" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Karamanlis">Constantine Karamanlis</a> returned from <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and was sworn in as Prime Minister. He kept Greece from entering the war, an act that was highly criticised as an act of treason. Shortly after this <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Sampson" title="Nikos Sampson">Nikos Sampson</a> renounced the presidency and <a href="/wiki/Glafcos_Clerides" title="Glafcos Clerides">Glafcos Clerides</a> temporarily took the role of president.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> The first round of peace talks took place in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> between 25 and 30 July 1974, <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a>, the British Foreign Secretary, having summoned a conference of the three guarantor powers. There they issued a declaration that the Turkish occupation zone should not be extended, that the Turkish enclaves should immediately be evacuated by the Greeks, and that a further conference should be held at Geneva with the two Cypriot communities present to restore peace and re-establish constitutional government. In advance of this they made two observations, one upholding the 1960 constitution, the other appearing to abandon it. They called for the Turkish Vice-President to resume his functions, but they also noted 'the existence in practice of two autonomous administrations, that of the Greek Cypriot community and that of the Turkish Cypriot community'. By the time that the second Geneva conference met on 14 August 1974, international sympathy (which had been with the Turks in their first attack) was swinging back towards Greece now that it had restored democracy. At the second round of peace talks, Turkey demanded that the Cypriot government accept its plan for a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal state</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">population transfer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> When the Cypriot <a href="/wiki/Acting_president" title="Acting president">acting president</a> Clerides asked for 36 to 48 hours in order to consult with Athens and with Greek Cypriot leaders, the Turkish Foreign Minister denied Clerides that opportunity on the grounds that Makarios and others would use it to play for more time.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Turkish_invasion,_14–16_August_1974">Second Turkish invasion, 14–16 August 1974</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second Turkish invasion, 14–16 August 1974">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cy-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cy-map.png/250px-Cy-map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cy-map.png/330px-Cy-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cy-map.png/500px-Cy-map.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the division of Cyprus</figcaption></figure> The Turkish Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Turan_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F" title="Turan Güneş">Turan Güneş</a> had said to the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a>, "When I say 'Ayşe<a href="#cite_note-117">[b]</a> should go on vacation' (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: "Ayşe Tatile Çıksın"), it will mean that our armed forces are ready to go into action. Even if the telephone line is tapped, that would rouse no suspicion."<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> An hour and a half after the conference broke up, <a href="/wiki/Turan_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F" title="Turan Güneş">Turan Güneş</a> called Ecevit and said the code phrase. On 14 August Turkey launched its "Second Peace Operation", which eventually resulted in the Turkish occupation of 37% of Cyprus. Turkish occupation reached as far south as the <a href="/wiki/Louroujina_Salient" class="mw-redirect" title="Louroujina Salient">Louroujina Salient</a>. In the process, many Greek Cypriots became <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_refugees" title="Cypriot refugees">refugees</a>. The number of refugees is estimated to be between 140,000 and 160,000.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> The ceasefire line from 1974 separates the two communities on the island, and is commonly referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Cyprus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Line (Cyprus)">Green Line</a>. After the conflict, Cypriot representatives and the United Nations consented to the transfer of the remainder of the 51,000 Turkish Cypriots that had not left their homes in the south to settle in the north, if they wished to do so. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> has challenged the legality of Turkey's action, because Article Four of the Treaty of Guarantee gives the right to guarantors to take action with the sole aim of re-establishing the state of affairs.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> The aftermath of Turkey's invasion, however, did not safeguard the Republic's sovereignty and territorial integrity, but had the opposite effect: the de facto <a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">partition of the Republic</a> and the creation of a separate political entity in the north. On 13 February 1975, Turkey declared the occupied areas of the Republic of Cyprus to be a "Federated Turkish State", to the universal condemnation of the <a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">international community</a> (see <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_367" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 367">United Nations Security Council Resolution 367</a>).<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus according to the terms of its independence in 1960. The conflict continues to affect Turkey's relations with Cyprus, Greece, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights_violations">Human rights violations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Human rights violations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Against_Greek_Cypriots">Against Greek Cypriots</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Against Greek Cypriots">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_war_crimes" title="Turkish war crimes">Turkish war crimes</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Anti-Greek sentiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_pogroms" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul pogroms">Istanbul pogroms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Human rights in Turkey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG/250px-Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG/330px-Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG/500px-Famagusta-Varosha_2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1555" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Varosha,_Famagusta" title="Varosha, Famagusta">Varosha</a>, a suburb of Famagusta, was abandoned when its inhabitants fled in 1974 and remains under military control</figcaption></figure> Turkey was found guilty by the European Commission of Human Rights for displacement of persons, deprivation of liberty, ill treatment, deprivation of life and deprivation of possessions.<a href="#cite_note-Scribd-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-HUDOC-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-Government_of_Cyprus-124">[122]</a> The Turkish policy of violently forcing a third of the island's Greek population from their homes in the occupied North, preventing their return and settling Turks from mainland Turkey is considered an example of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> In 1976 and again in 1983, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission_of_Human_Rights" title="European Commission of Human Rights">European Commission of Human Rights</a> found Turkey guilty of repeated violations of the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_of_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="European Convention of Human Rights">European Convention of Human Rights</a>. Turkey has been condemned for preventing the return of Greek Cypriot refugees to their properties.<a href="#cite_note-auto-127">[125]</a> The European Commission of Human Rights reports of 1976 and 1983 state the following: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Having found violations of a number of Articles of the Convention, the Commission notes that the acts violating the Convention were exclusively directed against members of one of two communities in Cyprus, namely the Greek Cypriot community. It concludes by eleven votes to three that Turkey has thus failed to secure the rights and freedoms set forth in these Articles without discrimination on the grounds of ethnic origin, race, religion as required by Article 14 of the Convention.</blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Enclaved_Greek_Cypriots" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclaved Greek Cypriots">Enclaved Greek Cypriots</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Karpass_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Karpass Peninsula">Karpass Peninsula</a> in 1975 were subjected by the Turks to violations of their human rights so that by 2001 when the European Court of Human Rights found Turkey guilty of the violation of 14 articles of the European Convention of Human Rights in its judgement of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_v_Turkey" title="Cyprus v Turkey">Cyprus v Turkey</a> (application no. 25781/94), less than 600 still remained.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Provide_context_for_the_reader" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">needs context</a>] In the same judgement, Turkey was found guilty of violating the rights of the Turkish Cypriots by authorising the trial of civilians by a <a href="/wiki/Military_tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Military tribunal">military court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> The European commission of Human Rights with 12 votes against 1, accepted evidence from the Republic of Cyprus, concerning the rapes of various Greek-Cypriot women by Turkish soldiers and the torture of many Greek-Cypriot prisoners during the invasion of the island.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-130">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-Government_of_Cyprus-124">[122]</a> The high rate of rape reportedly resulted in the temporary permission of <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Cyprus" title="Abortion in Cyprus">abortion in Cyprus</a> by the conservative <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot Orthodox Church">Cypriot Orthodox Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HUDOC-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> According to Paul Sant Cassia, rape was used systematically to "soften" resistance and clear civilian areas through fear. Many of the atrocities were seen as revenge for the atrocities against Turkish Cypriots in 1963–64 and the massacres during the first invasion.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> It has been suggested that many of the atrocities were revenge killings, committed by Turkish Cypriot fighters in military uniform who might have been mistaken for Turkish soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Karpass_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Karpass Peninsula">Karpass Peninsula</a>, a group of Turkish Cypriots reportedly chose young girls to rape and impregnated teenage girls. There were cases of rapes, which included gang rapes, of teenage girls by Turkish soldiers and Turkish Cypriot men in the peninsula, and one case involved the rape of an old Greek Cypriot man by a Turkish Cypriot. The man was reportedly identified by the victim and two other rapists were also arrested. Raped women were sometimes outcast from society.<a href="#cite_note-sevgulrape-135">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Against_Turkish_Cypriots">Against Turkish Cypriots</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Against Turkish Cypriots">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Anti-Turkish sentiment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_junta#Civil_rights" title="Greek junta">Greek junta § Civil rights</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maratha_massacre,_Karabudak_family_children.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maratha_massacre%2C_Karabudak_family_children.jpg/220px-Maratha_massacre%2C_Karabudak_family_children.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maratha_massacre%2C_Karabudak_family_children.jpg/330px-Maratha_massacre%2C_Karabudak_family_children.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maratha_massacre%2C_Karabudak_family_children.jpg/440px-Maratha_massacre%2C_Karabudak_family_children.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A view from the cemetery in the village of <a href="/wiki/Maratha,_Cyprus" title="Maratha, Cyprus">Maratha</a>, where the victims of the massacre are buried individually. This is the photograph of a family grave, showing the four children killed in a single family.</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Maratha,_Santalaris_and_Aloda_massacre" title="Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre">Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre</a> by EOKA B, 126 people were killed on 14 August 1974.<a href="#cite_note-Oberling1-136">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cassia1-137">[135]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> described the massacre as a <a href="/wiki/Crime_against_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime against humanity">crime against humanity</a>, by saying "constituting a further crime against humanity committed by the Greek and Greek Cypriot gunmen."<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Tochni_massacre" title="Tochni massacre">Tochni massacre</a>, 85 Turkish Cypriot inhabitants were massacred.<a href="#cite_note-Cassia2-139">[137]</a> The <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a> covered another news of atrocity in which it is written that: "In a Greek raid on a small Turkish village near <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a>, 36 people out of a population of 200 were killed. The Greeks said that they had been given orders to kill the inhabitants of the Turkish villages before the Turkish forces arrived."<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] In Limassol, upon the fall of the Turkish Cypriot enclave to the Cypriot National Guard, the Turkish Cypriot quarter was burned, women raped and children shot, according to Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot eyewitness accounts.<a href="#cite_note-fof-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-oberlinglim-109">[108]</a> 1300 people were then led to a prison camp.<a href="#cite_note-ros1-110">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missing_people">Missing people</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Missing people">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Cypriot_prisoners_taken_to_Adana_camps_Turkey_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Greek_Cypriot_prisoners_taken_to_Adana_camps_Turkey_.jpg/220px-Greek_Cypriot_prisoners_taken_to_Adana_camps_Turkey_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Greek_Cypriot_prisoners_taken_to_Adana_camps_Turkey_.jpg/330px-Greek_Cypriot_prisoners_taken_to_Adana_camps_Turkey_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8a/Greek_Cypriot_prisoners_taken_to_Adana_camps_Turkey_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>Greek Cypriot prisoners taken to <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a> camps in Turkey</figcaption></figure> The missing persons list of the Republic of Cyprus confirms that 83 Turkish Cypriots disappeared in <a href="/wiki/Tochni" title="Tochni">Tochni</a> on 14 August 1974.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> Also, as a result of the invasion, over 2000 Greek-Cypriot prisoners of war were taken to Turkey and detained in Turkish prisons. Some of them were not released and are still missing. In particular, the Committee on Missing Persons (CMP) in Cyprus, which operates under the auspices of the United Nations, is mandated to investigate approximately 1600 cases of Greek Cypriot and Greek missing persons.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> The issue of missing persons in Cyprus took a new turn in the summer of 2004 when the UN-sponsored Committee on Missing Persons (CMP)<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> began returning remains of identified missing individuals to their families. CMP designed and started to implement (from August 2006) its project on the Exhumation, Identification and Return of Remains of Missing Persons. The whole project is being implemented by bi-communal teams of Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriot scientists (archaeologists, anthropologists and geneticists) under the overall responsibility of the CMP. By the end of 2007, 57 individuals had been identified and their remains returned to their families.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Destruction_of_cultural_heritage">Destruction of cultural heritage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Destruction of cultural heritage">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Looted_art#Looting_of_Cyprus" title="Looted art">Looted art § Looting of Cyprus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antiphonitis_(7).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Antiphonitis_%287%29.JPG/250px-Antiphonitis_%287%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Antiphonitis_%287%29.JPG/330px-Antiphonitis_%287%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Antiphonitis_%287%29.JPG/500px-Antiphonitis_%287%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A view from the interior of <a href="/wiki/Antiphonitis" title="Antiphonitis">Antiphonitis</a>, where frescoes have been looted</figcaption></figure> In 1989, the government of Cyprus took an American art dealer to court for the return of four rare 6th-century Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> that survived an edict by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> Emperor, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_iconoclasm" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine iconoclasm">imposing the destruction</a> of all images of sacred figures. Cyprus won the case, and the mosaics were eventually returned.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> In October 1997, <a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n_Dikmen" title="Aydın Dikmen">Aydın Dikmen</a>, who had sold the mosaics, was arrested in Germany in a police raid and found to be in possession of a stash consisting of mosaics, <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescoes</a> and icons dating back to the 6th, 12th and 15th centuries, worth over $50 million. The mosaics, depicting Saints <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thaddeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Thaddeus">Thaddeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_(Apostle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas (Apostle)">Thomas</a>, are two more sections from the apse of the Kanakaria Church, while the frescoes, including the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Judgement">Last Judgement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Jesse" title="Tree of Jesse">Tree of Jesse</a>, were taken off the north and south walls of the Monastery of <a href="/wiki/Antiphonitis" title="Antiphonitis">Antiphonitis</a>, built between the 12th and 15th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> Frescoes found in possession of Dikmen included those from the 11th–12th century Church of Panagia Pergaminiotisa in <a href="/wiki/Akanthou" title="Akanthou">Akanthou</a>, which had been completely stripped of its ornate frescoes.<a href="#cite_note-pergamon-146">[144]</a> According to a Greek Cypriot claim, since 1974, at least 55 churches have been converted into mosques and another 50 churches and monasteries have been converted into stables, stores, hostels, or museums, or have been demolished.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> According to the government spokesman of the de facto <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a>, this has been done to keep the buildings from falling into ruin.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> In January 2011, the British singer <a href="/wiki/Boy_George" title="Boy George">Boy George</a> returned an 18th-century icon of Christ to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Church of Cyprus</a> that he had bought without knowing the origin. The icon, which had adorned his home for 26 years, had been looted from the church of <a href="/wiki/Charalampus" class="mw-redirect" title="Charalampus">St Charalampus</a> from the village of <a href="/wiki/Neo_Chorio,_Nicosia" title="Neo Chorio, Nicosia">New Chorio</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Kythrea" title="Kythrea">Kythrea</a>, in 1974. The icon was noticed by church officials during a television interview of Boy George at his home. The church contacted the singer who agreed to return the icon at <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cosmas_and_Damian" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cosmas and Damian">Saints Anargyroi</a> Church, <a href="/wiki/Highgate" title="Highgate">Highgate</a>, north <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinions">Opinions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Opinions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_Cypriot">Greek Cypriot</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Greek Cypriot">edit</a>]</div> Greek Cypriots have claimed that the invasion and subsequent actions by Turkey have been diplomatic ploys, furthered by <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">ultranationalist</a> Turkish <a href="/wiki/Militant" title="Militant">militants</a> to justify expansionist <a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a>. They have also criticised the perceived failure of Turkish intervention to achieve or justify its stated goals (protecting the sovereignty, integrity, and independence of the Republic of Cyprus), claiming that Turkey's intentions from the beginning were to create the state of Northern Cyprus. Greek Cypriots condemn the brutality of the Turkish invasion, including but not limited to the high levels of rape, child rape and torture.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-130">[128]</a> Greek Cypriots emphasise that in 1976 and 1983 Turkey was found guilty by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission_of_Human_Rights" title="European Commission of Human Rights">European Commission of Human Rights</a> of repeated violations of the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_of_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="European Convention of Human Rights">European Convention of Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-127">[125]</a> Greek Cypriots have also claimed that the second wave of the Turkish invasion that occurred in August 1974, even after the <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%9374" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967–74">Greek Junta</a> had collapsed on 24 July 1974 and the democratic government of the Republic of Cyprus had been restored under Glafkos Clerides, did not constitute a justified intervention as had been the case with the first wave of the Turkish invasion that led to the Junta's collapse. The stationing of 40,000 Turkish troops on Northern Cyprus after the invasion in violation of resolutions by the United Nations has also been criticised. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_353" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 353">United Nations Security Council Resolution 353</a>, adopted unanimously on 20 July 1974, in response to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, the Council demanded the immediate withdrawal of all foreign military personnel present in the Republic of Cyprus in contravention of paragraph 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">United Nations Charter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> The United Nations Security Council Resolution 360 adopted on 16 August 1974 declared their respect for the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus, and formally recorded its disapproval of the unilateral military actions taken against it by Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish_Cypriot">Turkish Cypriot</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Turkish Cypriot">edit</a>]</div> Turkish Cypriot opinion quotes <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Cyprus">Archbishop</a> <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a>, overthrown by the Greek Junta in the 1974 coup, who opposed immediate <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a> (union between Cyprus and Greece). Makarios described the coup which replaced him as "an invasion of Cyprus by Greece" in his speech to the UN security council and stated that there were "no prospects" of success in the talks aimed at resolving the situation between Greek and Turkish Cypriots, as long as the leaders of the coup, sponsored and supported by Greece, were in power.<a href="#cite_note-cypnet1-154">[152]</a> In Resolution 573, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> supported the legality of the first wave of the Turkish invasion that occurred in July 1974, as per Article 4 of the <a href="/wiki/Guarantee_Treaty_of_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="Guarantee Treaty of 1960">Guarantee Treaty of 1960</a>,<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> which allows Turkey, Greece, and the United Kingdom to unilaterally intervene militarily in failure of a multilateral response to crisis in Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> Greek Cypriots who were unhappy with the United States not stopping the Turkish invasion took part in <a href="/wiki/1974_anti-American_riots_in_Cyprus" title="1974 anti-American riots in Cyprus">protests and riots</a> in front of the American embassy. Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Rodger_Davies" title="Rodger Davies">Rodger Davies</a> was assassinated during the protests by a sniper from the extremist <a href="/wiki/EOKA-B" class="mw-redirect" title="EOKA-B">EOKA-B</a> group.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declaration_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus">Declaration of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Declaration of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/500px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a>, an entity recognised only by Turkey</figcaption></figure> In 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)">Turkish Cypriot assembly</a> <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">declared independence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a>. Immediately upon this declaration, Britain convened a meeting of the United Nations Security Council to condemn the declaration as "legally invalid". <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_541" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 541">United Nations Security Council Resolution 541</a> (1983) considered the "attempt to create the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is invalid, and will contribute to a worsening of the situation in Cyprus". The non-binding<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> Resolution 1983/541 went on to state that it "considers the declaration referred to above as legally invalid and calls for its withdrawal". In the following year UN resolution 550 (1984) condemned the "exchange of Ambassadors" between Turkey and the TRNC and went on to add that the Security Council "considers attempts to settle any part of <a href="/wiki/Varosha_(Famagusta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Varosha (Famagusta)">Varosha</a> by people other than its inhabitants as inadmissible and calls for the transfer of this area to the administration of the United Nations".<a href="#cite_note-Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus-162">[160]</a> Neither Turkey nor the TRNC have complied with the above resolutions and Varosha remains uninhabited.<a href="#cite_note-Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus-162">[160]</a> In 2017, Varosha's beach was opened to be exclusively used by Turks (Turkish-Cypriots and Turkish nationals).<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> On 22 July 2010, United Nations' International Court of Justice decided that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence". In response to this non-legally-binding direction, German Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Guido_Westerwelle" title="Guido Westerwelle">Guido Westerwelle</a> said it "has nothing to do with any other cases in the world" including Cyprus,<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> whereas some researchers stated the decision of ICJ provided the Turkish Cypriots an option to be used.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ongoing_negotiations">Ongoing negotiations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ongoing negotiations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute#EU_accession_and_the_settlement_process,_1997–present" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute § EU accession and the settlement process, 1997–present</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed_flag_of_the_United_Cyprus_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Proposed_flag_of_the_United_Cyprus_Republic.svg/250px-Proposed_flag_of_the_United_Cyprus_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Proposed_flag_of_the_United_Cyprus_Republic.svg/330px-Proposed_flag_of_the_United_Cyprus_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Proposed_flag_of_the_United_Cyprus_Republic.svg/500px-Proposed_flag_of_the_United_Cyprus_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Proposed flag of the United Republic of Cyprus under the <a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan" title="Annan Plan">Annan Plan</a></figcaption></figure> The United Nations Security Council decisions for the immediate unconditional withdrawal of all foreign troops from Cyprus soil and the safe return of the refugees to their homes have not been implemented by Turkey and the TRNC.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> Turkey and TRNC defend their position, stating that any such withdrawal would have led to a resumption of intercommunal fighting and killing. In 1999, UNHCR halted its assistance activities for internally displaced persons in Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> Negotiations to find a solution to the Cyprus problem have been taking place on and off since 1964. Between 1974 and 2002, the Turkish Cypriot side was seen by the international community as the side refusing a balanced solution. Since 2002, the situation has been reversed according to US and UK officials, and the Greek Cypriot side rejected a plan which would have called for the dissolution of the Republic of Cyprus without guarantees that the Turkish occupation forces would be removed. The latest <a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan_for_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Annan Plan for Cyprus">Annan Plan</a> to reunify the island which was endorsed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and Turkey was accepted by a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> by Turkish Cypriots but overwhelmingly rejected in parallel referendum by Greek Cypriots, after the Greek Cypriot Leadership and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Church</a> urged the Greek population to vote "no".<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> Greek Cypriots rejected the UN <a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan_for_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Annan Plan for Cyprus">settlement plan</a> in an April 2004 referendum. On 24 April 2004, the Greek Cypriots rejected by a three-to-one margin the plan proposed by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Secretary-General">UN Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> for the settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a>. The plan, which was approved by a two-to-one margin by the Turkish Cypriots in a separate but simultaneous referendum, would have created a United Cyprus Republic and ensured that the entire island would reap the benefits of Cyprus's entry into the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> on 1 May. The plan would have created a United Cyprus Republic consisting of a <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Cypriot State">Greek Cypriot constituent state</a> and a Turkish Cypriot constituent state linked by a federal government. More than half of the Greek Cypriots who were displaced in 1974 and their descendants would have had their properties returned to them and would have lived in them under Greek Cypriot administration within a period of 3.5 to 42 months after the <a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">entry into force</a> of the settlement.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] For those whose property could not be returned, they would have received monetary compensation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_15_Cyprus_Locator_(with_internal_borders).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/European_Union_15_Cyprus_Locator_%28with_internal_borders%29.svg/250px-European_Union_15_Cyprus_Locator_%28with_internal_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/European_Union_15_Cyprus_Locator_%28with_internal_borders%29.svg/330px-European_Union_15_Cyprus_Locator_%28with_internal_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/European_Union_15_Cyprus_Locator_%28with_internal_borders%29.svg/500px-European_Union_15_Cyprus_Locator_%28with_internal_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Cyprus joined the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> on 1 May 2004</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenspost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grenspost.jpg/250px-Grenspost.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grenspost.jpg/330px-Grenspost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grenspost.jpg/500px-Grenspost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1852" data-file-height="1496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lefkosia-green-line-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lefkosia-green-line-b.jpg/220px-Lefkosia-green-line-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lefkosia-green-line-b.jpg/330px-Lefkosia-green-line-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lefkosia-green-line-b.jpg/440px-Lefkosia-green-line-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption>Border gate in the buffer zone</figcaption></figure> The entire island entered the EU on 1 May 2004 still divided, although the EU <a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">acquis communautaire</a> – the body of common rights and obligations – applies only to the areas under direct government control, and is suspended in the areas occupied by the Turkish military and administered by Turkish Cypriots. However, individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for Republic of Cyprus citizenship legally enjoy the same rights accorded to other <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">citizens of European Union</a> states.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Greek Cypriot government in Nicosia continues to oppose EU efforts to establish direct trade and economic links to TRNC as a way of encouraging the Turkish Cypriot community to continue to support the resolution of the Cyprus dispute.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pro-TRNC_demonstration_in_Saray%C3%B6n%C3%BC_North_Nicosia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pro-TRNC_demonstration_in_Saray%C3%B6n%C3%BC_North_Nicosia.jpg/250px-Pro-TRNC_demonstration_in_Saray%C3%B6n%C3%BC_North_Nicosia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pro-TRNC_demonstration_in_Saray%C3%B6n%C3%BC_North_Nicosia.jpg/330px-Pro-TRNC_demonstration_in_Saray%C3%B6n%C3%BC_North_Nicosia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pro-TRNC_demonstration_in_Saray%C3%B6n%C3%BC_North_Nicosia.jpg/500px-Pro-TRNC_demonstration_in_Saray%C3%B6n%C3%BC_North_Nicosia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saray%C3%B6n%C3%BC_Square" title="Sarayönü Square">Atatürk Square</a>, North Nicosia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_UN_tower,_North_Nicosia,_Cyprus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg/220px-Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg/330px-Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg/440px-Former_UN_tower%2C_North_Nicosia%2C_Cyprus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2870" data-file-height="4990" /></a><figcaption>UN tower in the Nicosia border</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish_settlers">Turkish settlers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Turkish settlers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus</a></div> As a result of the Turkish invasion, the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> stated that the demographic structure of the island has been continuously modified as a result of the deliberate policies of the Turks. Following the occupation of Northern Cyprus, civilian settlers from Turkey began arriving on the island. Despite the lack of consensus on the exact figures, all parties concerned admitted that Turkish nationals began arriving in the northern part of the island in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-assembly.coe.int-170">[168]</a> It was suggested that over 120,000 settlers came to Cyprus from mainland Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-assembly.coe.int-170">[168]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] This was a violation of the Article 49 of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a>, which prohibits an occupier from transferring or deporting parts of its own civilian population into an occupied territory.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_resolution" title="United Nations resolution">UN Resolution</a> 1987/19 (1987) of the "<a href="/wiki/Sub-Commission_on_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_Human_Rights" title="Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights">Sub-Commission On Prevention Of Discrimination And Protection Of Minorities</a>", which was adopted on 2 September 1987, demanded "the full restoration of all human rights to the whole population of Cyprus, including the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">freedom of movement</a>, the freedom of settlement and the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">right to property</a>" and also expressed "its concern also at the policy and practice of the implantation of settlers in the <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupied territories</a> of Cyprus which constitute a form of <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a> and attempt to change illegally the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">demographic structure of Cyprus</a>." In a report prepared by Mete Hatay on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Peace_Research_Institute_Oslo" title="Peace Research Institute Oslo">PRIO</a> (Peace Research Institute Oslo), it was estimated that the number of Turkish mainlanders in the north who have been granted the right to vote is 37,000. This figure however excludes mainlanders who are married to Turkish Cypriots or adult children of mainland settlers as well as all minors. The report also estimates the number of Turkish mainlanders who have not been granted the right to vote, whom it labels as "transients", at a further 105,000.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_arms_embargo_on_Turkey_and_Republic_of_Cyprus">United States arms embargo on Turkey and Republic of Cyprus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United States arms embargo on Turkey and Republic of Cyprus">edit</a>]</div> After the hostilities of 1974, the United States applied an arms embargo on both <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>. The embargo on Turkey was lifted after three years by President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, whereas the embargo on Cyprus remained in place for longer,<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> having most recently been enforced on 18 November 1992.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> In December 2019, the US Congress lifted the decades-old arms embargo on Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> On 2 September 2020, United States decided to lift embargo on selling "non-lethal" military goods to Cyprus for one year starting from 1 October.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> Each year USA decided to renew its decision (latest being September 2024), a move which was criticised heavily by Turkey. In August 2024, Cyprus and USA signed a defense cooperation agreement which will be valid over the next five years; Turkey also condemned this agreement.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/48px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/64px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cyprus" title="Portal:Cyprus">Cyprus portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/120px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greece" title="Portal:Greece">Greece portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/48px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/64px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_and_Z%C3%BCrich_Agreements" title="London and Zürich Agreements">London and Zürich Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tillyria" title="Battle of Tillyria">1964 Battle of Tylliria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Infantry_Division_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="39th Infantry Division (Turkey)">39th Infantry Division</a> – the major Turkish unit in the invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus Air Forces">Cyprus Air Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Navy" title="Cyprus Navy">Cyprus Navy and Marine Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Greece–Turkey relations">Greece–Turkey relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus_(1878%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Cyprus (1878–present)">History of Cyprus (1878–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">List of modern conflicts in the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_democracies" title="List of wars between democracies">List of wars between democracies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reported_military_losses_during_the_Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Reported military losses during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Reported military losses during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Cyprus" title="List of massacres in Cyprus">List of massacres in Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> In Greek, the invasion is known as "Τουρκική εισβολή στην Κύπρο" (Tourkikí eisvolí stin Kýpro). Among Turkish speakers the operation is also referred as Cyprus Peace Operation (Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı) or Operation Peace (Barış Harekâtı), based on the viewpoint that Turkey's military action constituted a peacekeeping operation. It is also referred to as Cyprus Operation (Kıbrıs Harekâtı)<a href="#cite_note-auto2-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kissane2014-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chrysafi2003-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-KaplanJr.2016-30">[30]</a> and Cyprus Intervention (Kıbrıs Meselesi).<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The operation was code-named by Turkey as Operation Atilla<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: Atilla Harekâtı). </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Ayşe is a daughter of Turan Güneş, today Ayşe Güneş Ayata<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Map based on map from the CIA publication <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/atlas-issues-in-the-middle-east/author/central-intelligence-agency/">Atlas: Issues in the Middle East</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170427100221/https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/atlas-issues-in-the-middle-east/author/central-intelligence-agency/">Archived</a> 27 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, collected in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/cyprus_ethnic_1973.jpg">Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection</a> at the University of Texas Libraries web cite. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFortna2004" class="citation book cs1">Fortna, Virginia Page (2004). Peace Time: Cease-fire Agreements and the Durability of Peace. Princeton University Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691115122" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691115122"><bdi>978-0691115122</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peace+Time%3A+Cease-fire+Agreements+and+the+Durability+of+Peace&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0691115122&rft.aulast=Fortna&rft.aufirst=Virginia+Page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921194931/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/embassies/embassy_brussels.nsf/geninfo_en/geninfo_en?OpenDocument">"Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Brussels – General Information"</a>. www.mfa.gov.cy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/embassies/embassy_brussels.nsf/geninfo_en/geninfo_en?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mfa.gov.cy&rft.atitle=Embassy+of+the+Republic+of+Cyprus+in+Brussels+%E2%80%93+General+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.cy%2Fmfa%2Fembassies%2Fembassy_brussels.nsf%2Fgeninfo_en%2Fgeninfo_en%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Juliet Pearse, "Troubled Northern Cyprus fights to keep afloat" in Cyprus. Grapheio Typou kai Plērophoriōn, Cyprus. Grapheion Dēmosiōn Plērophoriōn, Foreign Press on Cyprus,　Public Information Office, 1979, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rHMsAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Turkish+military+victory+in+Cyprus+was+accompanied+by+bitter+economic+defeat%22">p. 15.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123314/https://books.google.com/books?id=rHMsAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Turkish+military+victory+in+Cyprus+was+accompanied+by+bitter+economic+defeat%22&dq=%22Turkish+military+victory+in+Cyprus+was+accompanied+by+bitter+economic+defeat%22&hl=en&ei=B7X6TZ-_EIqevQOqvMm6Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Joseph Weatherby, The other world: Issues and Politics of the Developing World, Longman, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8013-3266-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8013-3266-1">978-0-8013-3266-1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rDlnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Turkish+military+victory+divided+the+island%22">p. 285.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123315/https://books.google.com/books?id=rDlnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Turkish+military+victory+divided+the+island%22&dq=%22Turkish+military+victory+divided+the+island%22&hl=en&ei=KLT6TangE5C8uwPTpcmIAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTocci2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Tocci" title="Nathalie Tocci">Tocci, Nathalie</a> (2007). The EU and Conflict Resolution: Promoting Peace in the Backyard. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aD-D5KusCkMC&pg=PA32">32</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1134123384" title="Special:BookSources/978-1134123384"><bdi>978-1134123384</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+EU+and+Conflict+Resolution%3A+Promoting+Peace+in+the+Backyard&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1134123384&rft.aulast=Tocci&rft.aufirst=Nathalie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBorowiec2000" class="citation book cs1">Borowiec, Andrew (2000). Cyprus: A Troubled Island. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hzEDg6-d80MC&pg=PA2">2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275965334" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275965334"><bdi>978-0275965334</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+A+Troubled+Island&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0275965334&rft.aulast=Borowiec&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael2011" class="citation book cs1">Michael, Michális Stavrou (2011). Resolving the Cyprus Conflict: Negotiating History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eWPJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130">130</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137016270" title="Special:BookSources/978-1137016270"><bdi>978-1137016270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resolving+the+Cyprus+Conflict%3A+Negotiating+History&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1137016270&rft.aulast=Michael&rft.aufirst=Mich%C3%A1lis+Stavrou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pierpaoli2014-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pierpaoli2014_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pierpaoli2014_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pierpaoli2014_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pierpaoli2014_9-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPierpaoli2014" class="citation book cs1">Pierpaoli, Paul G. Jr. (2014). Hall, Richard C. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wy3TBAAAQBAJ">War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. pp. 88–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-031-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-031-7"><bdi>978-1-61069-031-7</bdi></a>. <q>As a result of the Turkish invasion and occupation, perhaps as many as 200,000 Greeks living in northern Cyprus fled their homes and became refugees in the south. It is estimated that 638 Turkish troops died in the fighting, with another 2,000 wounded. Another 1,000 or so Turkish civilians were killed or wounded. Cypriot Greeks, together with Greek soldiers dispatched to the island, suffered 4,500–6,000 killed or wounded, and 2,000–3,000 more missing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+the+Balkans%3A+An+Encyclopedic+History+from+the+Fall+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+to+the+Breakup+of+Yugoslavia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E88-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-031-7&rft.aulast=Pierpaoli&rft.aufirst=Paul+G.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwy3TBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/euromosaic-iii-pbNC7406031/downloads/NC-74-06-031-EN-C/NC7406031ENC_002.pdf;pgid=y8dIS7GUWMdSR0EAIMEUUsWb0000Lsab9OuA;sid=SF0M7ZqZICYM_8sXXGqSSvi8BT4Sn51KTo4=?FileName=NC7406031ENC_002.pdf&SKU=NC7406031ENC_PDF&CatalogueNumber=NC-74-06-031-EN-C&ei=1gwnU7faJqnT0QWx54HgCw&usg=AFQjCNF6avQTP4kZ9l1_7FC2O0oDwS6ZTQ">Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017204605/http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/euromosaic-iii-pbNC7406031/downloads/NC-74-06-031-EN-C/NC7406031ENC_002.pdf;pgid=y8dIS7GUWMdSR0EAIMEUUsWb0000Lsab9OuA;sid=SF0M7ZqZICYM_8sXXGqSSvi8BT4Sn51KTo4=?FileName=NC7406031ENC_002.pdf&SKU=NC7406031ENC_PDF&CatalogueNumber=NC-74-06-031-EN-C&ei=1gwnU7faJqnT0QWx54HgCw&usg=AFQjCNF6avQTP4kZ9l1_7FC2O0oDwS6ZTQ">Archived</a> 17 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Euromosaic III: Presence of Regional and Minority Language Groups in the New Member States", p. 18 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmit2012" class="citation book cs1">Smit, Anneke (2012). The Property Rights of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: Beyond Restitution. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5XATV852SyIC&pg=PA51">51</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415579605" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415579605"><bdi>978-0415579605</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Property+Rights+of+Refugees+and+Internally+Displaced+Persons%3A+Beyond+Restitution&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0415579605&rft.aulast=Smit&rft.aufirst=Anneke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThekla_Kyritsi,_Nikos_Christofis2018" class="citation book cs1">Thekla Kyritsi, Nikos Christofis (2018). Cypriot Nationalisms in Context: History, Identity and Politics. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cypriot+Nationalisms+in+Context%3A+History%2C+Identity+and+Politics&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Thekla+Kyritsi%2C+Nikos+Christofis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ulvikeser453-13"><a href="#cite_ref-ulvikeser453_13-0">^</a> Keser, Ulvi (2006). Turkish-Greek Hurricane on Cyprus (1940 – 1950 – 1960 – 1970), 528. sayfa, Publisher: Boğaziçi Yayınları, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/975-451-220-5" title="Special:BookSources/975-451-220-5">975-451-220-5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Η Μάχη της Κύπρου, Γεώργιος Σέργης, Εκδόσεις Αφοι Βλάσση, Αθήνα 1999, p. 253 (in Greek) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Η Μάχη της Κύπρου, Γεώργιος Σέργης, Εκδόσεις Αφοι Βλάσση, Αθήνα 1999, p. 254 (in Greek) </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Η Μάχη της Κύπρου, Γεώργιος Σέργης, Εκδόσεις Αφοι Βλάσση, Αθήνα 1999, p. 260 (in Greek) </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdministrator" class="citation web cs1">Administrator. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eldyk74.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=27">"ΕΛ.ΔΥ.Κ '74 – Χρονικό Μαχών"</a>. eldyk74.gr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172001/http://www.eldyk74.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=27">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eldyk74.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%95%CE%9B.%CE%94%CE%A5.%CE%9A+%2774+%E2%80%93+%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%8E%CE%BD&rft.au=Administrator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldyk74.gr%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D13%26Itemid%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JentlesonPaterson1997-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JentlesonPaterson1997_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JentlesonPaterson1997_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJentlesonThomas_G._PatersonCouncil_on_Foreign_Relations1997" class="citation book cs1">Jentleson, Bruce W.; Thomas G. Paterson; Council on Foreign Relations (1997). Encyclopedia of US foreign relations. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511059-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511059-3"><bdi>978-0-19-511059-3</bdi></a>. <q>Greek/Greek Cypriot casualties were estimated at 6,000 and Turkish/Turkish Cypriot casualties at 3,500, including 1,500 dead...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+US+foreign+relations&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-511059-3&rft.aulast=Jentleson&rft.aufirst=Bruce+W.&rft.au=Thomas+G.+Paterson&rft.au=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jaques2007-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jaques2007_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jaques2007_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTony_Jaques2007" class="citation book cs1">Tony Jaques (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&pg=PA556">556</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33538-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33538-9"><bdi>978-0-313-33538-9</bdi></a>. <q>The invasion cost about 6,000 Greek Cypriot and 1500–3500 Turkish casualties (20 July 1974)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Battles+and+Sieges%3A+A+Guide+to+8%2C500+Battles+from+Antiquity+Through+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=556&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33538-9&rft.au=Tony+Jaques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Haydar Çakmak: Türk dış politikası, 1919–2008, Platin, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9944137251" title="Special:BookSources/9944137251">9944137251</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_2UwAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Komutanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1+personeli+olmak+%C3%BCzere+toplam%22">p. 688</a> (in Turkish); excerpt from reference: 415 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Army">ground</a>, 65 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Navy">navy</a>, 10 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">air</a>, 13 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Gendarmerie" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a>, 70 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Resistance_Organisation" title="Turkish Resistance Organisation">resistance</a> (= 568 killed) </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEricksonUyar2020">Erickson & Uyar 2020</a>, p. 209 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHatziantoniou2007">Hatziantoniou 2007</a>, p. 557 </li> <li id="cite_note-mfac-23"><a href="#cite_ref-mfac_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416051359/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/8FA6CC01D244E364C22571B9002BDA0A?OpenDocument"><bdi lang="el">Καταλόγοι Ελληνοκυπρίων και Ελλαδιτών φονευθέντων κατά το Πραξικόπημα και την Τουρκική Εισβολή</bdi></a> (in Greek). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/8FA6CC01D244E364C22571B9002BDA0A?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%B9+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%95%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Cyprus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.cy%2Fmfa%2Fmfa2006.nsf%2FAll%2F8FA6CC01D244E364C22571B9002BDA0A%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721051935/http://www.cmp-cyprus.org/media/attachments/Quick%20Statistics/CMP_Facts_and_Figures_June_2015.pdf">"Figures and Statistics of Missing Persons"</a> (PDF). Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmp-cyprus.org/media/attachments/Quick%20Statistics/CMP_Facts_and_Figures_June_2015.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Figures+and+Statistics+of+Missing+Persons&rft.pub=Committee+on+Missing+Persons+in+Cyprus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmp-cyprus.org%2Fmedia%2Fattachments%2FQuick%2520Statistics%2FCMP_Facts_and_Figures_June_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> UNFICYP report, found in Γεώργιος Τσουμής, Ενθυμήματα & Τεκμήρια Πληροφοριών της ΚΥΠ, Δούρειος Ίππος, Athens November 2011, Appendix 19, p. 290 </li> <li id="cite_note-Morelli2011-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Morelli2011_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVincent_Morelli2011" class="citation book cs1">Vincent Morelli (2011). Cyprus: Reunification Proving Elusive. Diane Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dyWwReoc81oC&pg=PA1">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4379-8040-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4379-8040-0"><bdi>978-1-4379-8040-0</bdi></a>. <q>The Greek Cypriots and much of the international community refer to it as an "invasion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+Reunification+Proving+Elusive&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Diane+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4379-8040-0&rft.au=Vincent+Morelli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-27"><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMirbagheri2010" class="citation book cs1">Mirbagheri, Farid (2010). Historical dictionary of Cyprus ([Online-Ausg.] ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f82Jn_H4VukC&q=%22and+invaded+Cyprus+on+the+pretext+that+the+military+incursion+was+a+%E2%80%9Cpeacekeeping+operation%E2%80%9D+and+in+compliance+with+the+1960+Treaty+of+%22&pg=PA83">83</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810862982" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810862982"><bdi>978-0810862982</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Cyprus&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=83&rft.edition=%5BOnline-Ausg.%5D&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0810862982&rft.aulast=Mirbagheri&rft.aufirst=Farid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kissane2014-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Kissane2014_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKissane2014" class="citation book cs1">Kissane, Bill (2014). After Civil War: Division, Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Contemporary Europe. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=47DSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA135">135</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9030-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9030-1"><bdi>978-0-8122-9030-1</bdi></a>. <q>were incorporated in the Greek Cypriot armed forces, gave Turkey reason and a pretext to invade Cyprus, claiming its role under the Treaty of Guarantees.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+Civil+War%3A+Division%2C+Reconstruction%2C+and+Reconciliation+in+Contemporary+Europe&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-9030-1&rft.aulast=Kissane&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chrysafi2003-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Chrysafi2003_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFA._C._Chrysafi2003" class="citation book cs1">A. C. Chrysafi (2003). Who Shall Govern Cyprus – Brussels Or Nicosia?. Evandia Publishing UK Limited. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=beVKwgOtME0C&pg=PA28">28</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904578-00-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904578-00-0"><bdi>978-1-904578-00-0</bdi></a>. <q>On 20 July 1974, Turkey invaded Cyprus under the pretext of protecting the Turkish-Cypriot minority.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Shall+Govern+Cyprus+%E2%80%93+Brussels+Or+Nicosia%3F&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Evandia+Publishing+UK+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-904578-00-0&rft.au=A.+C.+Chrysafi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KaplanJr.2016-30"><a href="#cite_ref-KaplanJr.2016_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_B._KaplanRichard_B._Baldauf_Jr.Nkonko_Kamwangamalu2016" class="citation book cs1">Robert B. Kaplan; Richard B. Baldauf Jr.; Nkonko Kamwangamalu (2016). Language Planning in Europe: Cyprus, Iceland and Luxembourg. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cEYGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5">5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-91667-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-91667-2"><bdi>978-1-134-91667-2</bdi></a>. <q>Five days later, on 20 July 1974, Turkey, claiming a right to intervene as one of the guarantors of the 1960 agreement, invaded the island on the pretext of restoring the constitutional order of the Republic of Cyprus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Planning+in+Europe%3A+Cyprus%2C+Iceland+and+Luxembourg&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-134-91667-2&rft.au=Robert+B.+Kaplan&rft.au=Richard+B.+Baldauf+Jr.&rft.au=Nkonko+Kamwangamalu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArıcıoğlu2023" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arıcıoğlu, Ece Buket (26 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sosyoteknik/issue/79026/1329556">"Kıbrıs Meselesi Ekseninde 1974 Kıbrıs Müdahalesi"</a> [The 1974 Cyprus Intervention in the Context of the Cyprus Issue]. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Teknik Araştırmalar Dergisi (in Turkish) (21): 103–115. Retrieved 22 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sel%C3%A7uk+%C3%9Cniversitesi+Sosyal+ve+Teknik+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar+Dergisi&rft.atitle=K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s+Meselesi+Ekseninde+1974+K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s+M%C3%BCdahalesi&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E103-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.date=2023-06-26&rft.aulast=Ar%C4%B1c%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Ece+Buket&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdergipark.org.tr%2Ftr%2Fpub%2Fsosyoteknik%2Fissue%2F79026%2F1329556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Rongxing Guo, (2006), Territorial Disputes and Resource Management: A Global Handbook. p. 91 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Angelos Sepos, (2006), The Europeanization of Cyprus: Polity, Policies and Politics, p. 106 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUzer2011" class="citation book cs1">Uzer, Umut (2011). Identity and Turkish Foreign Policy: The Kemalist Influence in Cyprus and the Caucasus. I.B. Tauris. pp. 134–135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1848855694" title="Special:BookSources/978-1848855694"><bdi>978-1848855694</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identity+and+Turkish+Foreign+Policy%3A+The+Kemalist+Influence+in+Cyprus+and+the+Caucasus&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E134-%3C%2Fspan%3E135&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1848855694&rft.aulast=Uzer&rft.aufirst=Umut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OperationNiki-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OperationNiki_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OperationNiki_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSolanakis,_Mihail" class="citation web cs1">Solanakis, Mihail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081020054427/http://koti.welho.com/msolanak/kyprosengl.html">"Operation "Niki" 1974: A suicide mission to Cyprus"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koti.welho.com/msolanak/kyprosengl.html">the original</a> on 20 October 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+%22Niki%22+1974%3A+A+suicide+mission+to+Cyprus&rft.au=Solanakis%2C+Mihail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkoti.welho.com%2Fmsolanak%2Fkyprosengl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IntercommunalViolence-37"><a href="#cite_ref-IntercommunalViolence_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/13.htm">"U.S. Library of Congress – Country Studies – Cyprus – Intercommunal Violence"</a>. Countrystudies.us. 21 December 1963. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130824000149/http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/13.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Library+of+Congress+%E2%80%93+Country+Studies+%E2%80%93+Cyprus+%E2%80%93+Intercommunal+Violence&rft.pub=Countrystudies.us&rft.date=1963-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fcyprus%2F13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMallinson2005" class="citation book cs1">Mallinson, William (2005). Cyprus: A Modern History. I.B. Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HEjkuhF2GsMC&pg=PA81">81</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8"><bdi>978-1-85043-580-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+A+Modern+History&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-580-8&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4644652.stm">BBC: Turkey urges fresh Cyprus talks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190827115459/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4644652.stm">Archived</a> 27 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2006-01-24) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPapadakis2003" class="citation journal cs1">Papadakis, Yiannis (2003). "Nation, narrative and commemoration: political ritual in divided Cyprus". History and Anthropology. 14 (3): 253–270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0275720032000136642">10.1080/0275720032000136642</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143231403">143231403</a>. <q>[...] culminating in the 1974 coup aimed at the annexation of Cyprus to Greece</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+and+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Nation%2C+narrative+and+commemoration%3A+political+ritual+in+divided+Cyprus&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E253-%3C%2Fspan%3E270&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0275720032000136642&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143231403%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Papadakis&rft.aufirst=Yiannis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAtkinBiddissTallett2011" class="citation book cs1">Atkin, Nicholas; Biddiss, Michael; Tallett, Frank (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789. John Wiley & Sons. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1444390728" title="Special:BookSources/978-1444390728"><bdi>978-1444390728</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wiley-Blackwell+Dictionary+of+Modern+European+History+Since+1789&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1444390728&rft.aulast=Atkin&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Biddiss%2C+Michael&rft.au=Tallett%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Journal of international law and practice, Volume 5. Detroit College of Law at Michigan State University. 1996. p. 204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+international+law+and+practice%2C+Volume+5&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Detroit+College+of+Law+at+Michigan+State+University&rft.date=1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Strategic review, Volume 5 (1977), United States Strategic Institute, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hCfcAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Hellenic+Republic+of+Cyprus%22">p. 48</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123323/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCfcAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Hellenic+Republic+of+Cyprus%22&dq=%22Hellenic+Republic+of+Cyprus%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-L3VT_WBEMHKsgbL8rj3Ag&redir_esc=y">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Allcock, John B. Border and territorial disputes (1992), Longman Group, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6pztAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Hellenic+Republic+of+Cyprus%22">p. 55</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123315/https://books.google.com/books?id=6pztAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Hellenic+Republic+of+Cyprus%22&dq=%22Hellenic+Republic+of+Cyprus%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-L3VT_WBEMHKsgbL8rj3Ag&redir_esc=y">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Tocci_2007_loc=32-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Tocci_2007_loc=32_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTocci2007">Tocci 2007</a>, 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-pericleousdisp-46"><a href="#cite_ref-pericleousdisp_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPericleous2009" class="citation book cs1">Pericleous, Chrysostomos (2009). Cyprus Referendum: A Divided Island and the Challenge of the Annan Plan. I.B. Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PHQAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA201">201</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857711939" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857711939"><bdi>978-0857711939</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+Referendum%3A+A+Divided+Island+and+the+Challenge+of+the+Annan+Plan&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0857711939&rft.aulast=Pericleous&rft.aufirst=Chrysostomos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/20/newsid_3866000/3866521.stm">"1974: Turkey Invades Cyprus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026183806/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/20/newsid_3866000/3866521.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=1974%3A+Turkey+Invades+Cyprus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjuly%2F20%2Fnewsid_3866000%2F3866521.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalin2004" class="citation book cs1">Salin, Ibrahm (2004). Cyprus: Ethnic Political Components. Oxford: University Press of America. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+Ethnic+Political+Components&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Salin&rft.aufirst=Ibrahm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quigley-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Quigley_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuigley2010" class="citation book cs1">Quigley (2010). The Statehood of Palestine. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iTR3BQ0aJ6UC&pg=PA164">164</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49124-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49124-2"><bdi>978-1-139-49124-2</bdi></a>. <q>The international community found this declaration invalid, on the ground that Turkey had occupied territory belonging to Cyprus and that the putative state was therefore an infringement on Cypriot sovereignty.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statehood+of+Palestine&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49124-2&rft.au=Quigley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ker-LindsayFaustmann2011-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Ker-LindsayFaustmann2011_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_Ker-LindsayHubert_FaustmannFiona_Mullen2011" class="citation book cs1">James Ker-Lindsay; Hubert Faustmann; Fiona Mullen (2011). An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. I.B. Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1QEn3G4L7MC&pg=PA15">15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-678-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-678-3"><bdi>978-1-84885-678-3</bdi></a>. <q>Classified as illegal under international law, the occupation of the northern part leads automatically to an illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus' accession.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Island+in+Europe%3A+The+EU+and+the+Transformation+of+Cyprus&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-678-3&rft.au=James+Ker-Lindsay&rft.au=Hubert+Faustmann&rft.au=Fiona+Mullen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LausanneTreaty-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LausanneTreaty_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LausanneTreaty_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LausanneTreaty_51-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Lausanne">"Treaty of Lausanne"</a>. byu.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130112221242/http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Lausanne">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=byu.edu&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Lausanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwi.lib.byu.edu%2Findex.php%2FTreaty_of_Lausanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUzer2011" class="citation book cs1">Uzer, Umut (2011). Identity and Turkish Foreign Policy: The Kemalist Influence in Cyprus and the Caucasus. I.B. Tauris. pp. 112–113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1848855694" title="Special:BookSources/978-1848855694"><bdi>978-1848855694</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identity+and+Turkish+Foreign+Policy%3A+The+Kemalist+Influence+in+Cyprus+and+the+Caucasus&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E112-%3C%2Fspan%3E113&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1848855694&rft.aulast=Uzer&rft.aufirst=Umut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Smith, M. "Explaining Partition: Reconsidering the role of the security dilemma in the Cyprus crisis of 1974." Diss. University of New Hampshire, 2009. ProQuest 15 October 2010, 52 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Sedat Laciner, Mehmet Ozcan and Ihsan Bal, USAK Yearbook of International Politics and Law, USAK Books, 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MEZE3yVj0WgC&dq=%22education+has+been+a+main+vehicle+of+transferring+inter-communal+hostility%22&pg=PA444">p. 444.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123315/https://books.google.com/books?id=MEZE3yVj0WgC&pg=PA444&dq=%22education+has+been+a+main+vehicle+of+transferring+inter-communal+hostility%22&hl=en&ei=HVQeToKvBKnUmAWZ5oC0Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22education%20has%20been%20a%20main%20vehicle%20of%20transferring%20inter-communal%20hostility%22&f=false">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Vassilis Fouskas, Heinz A. Richter, Cyprus and Europe: The Long Way Back, Bibliopolis, 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=haNtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22divide+and+rule%22">pp. 77, 81, 164.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123315/https://books.google.com/books?ei=FE0eTtawNq2HmQXfk-yWAw&ct=result&id=haNtAAAAMAAJ&dq=British+colonial+policies++%22divide+and+rule%22+Cyprus&q=%22divide+and+rule%22">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> James S. Corum, Bad Strategies: How Major Powers Fail in Counterinsurgency, Zenith Imprint, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-3080-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-3080-7">978-0-7603-3080-7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BTyEbqop4MQC&dq=%22a+new+police+force+was+formed%2C+the+Special+Mobile+Reserve%22&pg=PA110">pp. 109–110.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123316/https://books.google.com/books?id=BTyEbqop4MQC&pg=PA110&dq=%22a+new+police+force+was+formed,+the+Special+Mobile+Reserve%22&hl=en&ei=o1EeTuHTGIv0mAWhvfSjAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22a%20new%20police%20force%20was%20formed%2C%20the%20Special%20Mobile%20Reserve%22&f=false">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategicoutlook.org/europe/news-cyprus-dimension-of-turkish-foreign-policy.html">Cyprus Dimension of Turkish Foreign Policy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407143121/http://www.strategicoutlook.org/europe/news-cyprus-dimension-of-turkish-foreign-policy.html">Archived</a> 7 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Mehmet Fatih Öztarsu (Strategic Outlook, 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/www.cyprus-conflict.net/outbreak_of_violence%20-%20%2755.html">The Cyprus Revolt: An Account of the Struggle for Union with Greece</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724223417/http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/www.cyprus-conflict.net/outbreak_of_violence%20-%20%2755.html">Archived</a> 24 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Nancy Crawshaw (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1978), pp. 114–129. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIt-Serve" class="citation web cs1">It-Serve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theargylls.co.uk/gsmcyprus.php">"A Snapshot of Active Service in 'A' Company Cyprus 1958–59"</a>. The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019031329/http://www.theargylls.co.uk/gsmcyprus.php">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Snapshot+of+Active+Service+in+%27A%27+Company+Cyprus+1958%E2%80%9359&rft.pub=The+Argyll+and+Sutherland+Highlanders+%28Princess+Louise%27s%29&rft.au=It-Serve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theargylls.co.uk%2Fgsmcyprus.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDumperStanley2007" class="citation book cs1">Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E., eds. (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1576079195" title="Special:BookSources/978-1576079195"><bdi>978-1576079195</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1576079195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFΛιμπιτσιούνη" class="citation web cs1">Λιμπιτσιούνη, Ανθή Γ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://invenio.lib.auth.gr/record/113326/files/LIBITSIOUNI.pdf?version=1">"Το πλέγμα των ελληνοτουρκικών σχέσεων και η ελληνική μειονότητα στην Τουρκία, οι Έλληνες της Κωνσταντινούπολης της Ίμβρου και της Τενέδου"</a> (PDF). University of Thessaloniki. p. 56. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111115506/http://invenio.lib.auth.gr/record/113326/files/LIBITSIOUNI.pdf?version=1">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A4%CE%BF+%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CF%83%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B7+%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1%2C+%CE%BF%CE%B9+%CE%88%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%9A%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%8A%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=University+of+Thessaloniki&rft.aulast=%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B7&rft.aufirst=%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AE+%CE%93.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvenio.lib.auth.gr%2Frecord%2F113326%2Ffiles%2FLIBITSIOUNI.pdf%3Fversion%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-French258-62"><a href="#cite_ref-French258_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrench2015" class="citation book cs1">French, David (2015). Fighting EOKA: The British Counter-Insurgency Campaign on Cyprus, 1955–1959. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cmnuBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA258">258</a>–259. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0191045592" title="Special:BookSources/978-0191045592"><bdi>978-0191045592</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+EOKA%3A+The+British+Counter-Insurgency+Campaign+on+Cyprus%2C+1955%E2%80%931959&rft.pages=258-259&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0191045592&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-daria1-63"><a href="#cite_ref-daria1_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIsachenko2012" class="citation book cs1">Isachenko, Daria (2012). The Making of Informal States: Statebuilding in Northern Cyprus and Transdniestria. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L7tn5gonRswC&q=Turkish+resistance+cyprus&pg=PA39">38</a>–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0230392069" title="Special:BookSources/978-0230392069"><bdi>978-0230392069</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Informal+States%3A+Statebuilding+in+Northern+Cyprus+and+Transdniestria&rft.pages=38-39&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0230392069&rft.aulast=Isachenko&rft.aufirst=Daria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_64-1">b</a> Roni Alasor, Sifreli Mesaj: "Trene bindir!", <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-03-3260-6" title="Special:BookSources/960-03-3260-6">960-03-3260-6</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/communal_strife%20-%20%2758.html">The Outbreak of Communal Strife, 1958</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111115505/http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/communal_strife%20-%20%2758.html">Archived</a> 11 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Guardian, London. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/Ara.aspx?&ilkTar=09.01.1995&sonTar=10.01.1995&ekYayin=&drpSayfaNo=&araKelime=Rauf%20Denkta%C5%9F%201958%20haziran&gelismisKelimeAynen=&gelismisKelimeHerhangi=&gelismisKelimeYakin=&gelismisKelimeHaric=&Siralama=RANK%20DESC&SayfaAdet=20&isAdv=true">"Denktaş'tan şok açıklama"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Milliyet" title="Milliyet">Milliyet</a> (in Turkish). 9 January 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305082245/http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/Ara.aspx?&ilkTar=09.01.1995&sonTar=10.01.1995&ekYayin=&drpSayfaNo=&araKelime=Rauf%20Denkta%C5%9F%201958%20haziran&gelismisKelimeAynen=&gelismisKelimeHerhangi=&gelismisKelimeYakin=&gelismisKelimeHaric=&Siralama=RANK%20DESC&SayfaAdet=20&isAdv=true">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Denkta%C5%9F%27tan+%C5%9Fok+a%C3%A7%C4%B1klama&rft.date=1995-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr%2FAra.aspx%3F%26ilkTar%3D09.01.1995%26sonTar%3D10.01.1995%26ekYayin%3D%26drpSayfaNo%3D%26araKelime%3DRauf%2520Denkta%25C5%259F%25201958%2520haziran%26gelismisKelimeAynen%3D%26gelismisKelimeHerhangi%3D%26gelismisKelimeYakin%3D%26gelismisKelimeHaric%3D%26Siralama%3DRANK%2520DESC%26SayfaAdet%3D20%26isAdv%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_67-1">b</a> Arif Hasan Tahsin, The rise of Dektash to power, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9963-7738-3-4" title="Special:BookSources/9963-7738-3-4">9963-7738-3-4</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021125042952/http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/municipalities%20-%20markides.htm">"The Divisive Problem of the Municipalities"</a>. Cyprus-conflict.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/municipalities%20-%20markides.htm">the original</a> on 25 November 2002. Retrieved 23 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Divisive+Problem+of+the+Municipalities&rft.pub=Cyprus-conflict.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprus-conflict.net%2Fmunicipalities%2520-%2520markides.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conspiracy_77-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Conspiracy_77_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'MalleyCraig1999">O'Malley & Craig 1999</a>, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/02/19/the-poisons-of-cyprus.html?_r=0">"The Poisons of Cyprus"</a>. The New York Times. 19 February 1964. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701101918/http://www.nytimes.com/1964/02/19/the-poisons-of-cyprus.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Poisons+of+Cyprus&rft.date=1964-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F02%2F19%2Fthe-poisons-of-cyprus.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Cyprus: A Country Study" U.S Library of Congress. Ed. Eric Solsten. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Web. 1 October 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2000-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2000_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2000_72-1">b</a> Borowiec, Andrew. Cyprus: A Troubled Island. Westport: Praeger. 2000. 47 </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2012" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Douglas (2012). Turkey, Greece, and the Borders of Europe. Images of Nations in the West German Press 1950–1975. Frank & Timme GmbH. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3865964410" title="Special:BookSources/978-3865964410"><bdi>978-3865964410</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%2C+Greece%2C+and+the+Borders+of+Europe.+Images+of+Nations+in+the+West+German+Press+1950%E2%80%931975&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Frank+%26+Timme+GmbH&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3865964410&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-country12-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-country12_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-country12_74-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/12.htm">Eric Solsten, ed. Cyprus: A Country Study</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111012050603/http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/12.htm">Archived</a> 12 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, 1991. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenn2004" class="citation book cs1">Henn, Francis (2004). A Business of Some Heat: The United Nations Force in Cyprus Before and During the 1974 Turkish Invasion. Casemate Publisher. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=17ciO6lCxT0C&q=nicosia+kyrenia+road&pg=PA106">106</a>–107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1844150816" title="Special:BookSources/978-1844150816"><bdi>978-1844150816</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Business+of+Some+Heat%3A+The+United+Nations+Force+in+Cyprus+Before+and+During+the+1974+Turkish+Invasion&rft.pages=106-107&rft.pub=Casemate+Publisher&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1844150816&rft.aulast=Henn&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kyle1997-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Kyle1997_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeith_Kyle1997" class="citation book cs1">Keith Kyle (1997). Cyprus: in search of peace. MRG. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897693-91-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897693-91-9"><bdi>978-1-897693-91-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+in+search+of+peace&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=MRG&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-897693-91-9&rft.au=Keith+Kyle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oberling120-77"><a href="#cite_ref-oberling120_77-0">^</a> Oberling, Pierre. The Road to Bellapais (1982), Social Science Monographs, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XIK6AAAAIAAJ&q=According+to+official+records%2C+364+Turkish+Cypriots+and+174+Greek+Cypriots+were+killed+during+the+1963-1964+crisis.">p. 120</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123316/https://books.google.com/books?ei=EMbjTcnNDs_z-gbg-NXSBg&ct=result&id=XIK6AAAAIAAJ&dq=pierre+oberling+364&q=According+to+official+records%2C+364+Turkish+Cypriots+and+174+Greek+Cypriots+were+killed+during+the+1963-1964+crisis.">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "According to official records, 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the 1963–1964 crisis." </li> <li id="cite_note-hoff-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hoff_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoff_78-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoff_78-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoffmeister,_Frank2006" class="citation book cs1">Hoffmeister, Frank (2006). Legal aspects of the Cyprus problem: Annan Plan and EU accession. E Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 17–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15223-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15223-6"><bdi>978-90-04-15223-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+aspects+of+the+Cyprus+problem%3A+Annan+Plan+and+EU+accession&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.pub=E+Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15223-6&rft.au=Hoffmeister%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TELTd-79"><a href="#cite_ref-TELTd_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTelegraph_View_(represents_the_editorial_opinion_of_The_Daily_Telegraph_and_The_Sunday_Telegraph)2007" class="citation news cs1">Telegraph View (represents the editorial opinion of The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph) (30 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph-view/3639566/Turkish-distractions.html">"Turkish distractions"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph-view/3639566/Turkish-distractions.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2011. <q>we called for intervention in Cyprus when the anti-Turkish pogroms began in the 1960s</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Turkish+distractions&rft.date=2007-04-30&rft.au=Telegraph+View+%28represents+the+editorial+opinion+of+The+Daily+Telegraph+and+The+Sunday+Telegraph%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fcomment%2Ftelegraph-view%2F3639566%2FTurkish-distractions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrinkley1992">Brinkley 1992</a>, p. 211–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBolukbasi1993">Bolukbasi 1993</a>, p. 513. The London Conference was attended by the Greek and Turkish foreign ministers, the British Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs, and Greek- and Turkish-Cypriot representatives. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVarnava2020">Varnava 2020</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBolukbasi1993">Bolukbasi 1993</a>, p. 157. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Bahcheli, Tazun. Cyprus in the Politics of Turkey since 1955, in: Norma Salem (ed). Cyprus: A Regional Conflict and its Resolution. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1992, 62–71. 65 </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrinkley1992">Brinkley 1992</a>, pp. 213–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrinkley1992">Brinkley 1992</a>, pp. 214–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrinkley1992">Brinkley 1992</a>, p. 215. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Pericleous, Chrysostoms. "The Cyprus Referendum: A Divided Island and the Challenge of the Annan Plan." London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. 2009. pp. 84–89, 105–107 </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKer-Lindsay2011" class="citation book cs1">Ker-Lindsay, James (2011). The Cyprus Problem: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press. pp. 35–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199757169" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199757169"><bdi>978-0199757169</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyprus+Problem%3A+What+Everyone+Needs+to+Know&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0199757169&rft.aulast=Ker-Lindsay&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Oberling, Pierre. The Road to Bellapais: the Turkish Cypriot exodus to Northern Cyprus. New York: Columbia University Press. 1982, 58 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Pericleous, Chrysostoms. "The Cyprus Referendum: A Divided Island and the Challenge of the Annan Plan." London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. 2009. p. 101 </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724223409/http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/makarios%20to%20ghizikis.htm">"Makarios writes General Ghizikis"</a>. Cyprus-conflict.net. July 1974. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/makarios%20to%20ghizikis.htm">the original</a> on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Makarios+writes+General+Ghizikis&rft.pub=Cyprus-conflict.net&rft.date=1974-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprus-conflict.net%2Fmakarios%2520to%2520ghizikis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TIME-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TIME_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIME_93-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIME_93-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIME_93-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIME_93-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIME_93-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIME_93-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307152514/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911440,00.html">"Cyprus: Big Troubles over a Small Island"</a>. Time. 29 July 1974. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911440,00.html">the original</a> on 7 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Cyprus%3A+Big+Troubles+over+a+Small+Island&rft.date=1974-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C911440%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> "Cyprus: A Country Study" U.S Library of Congress. Ed. Eric Solsten. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Web. Retrieved 1 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Borowiec, Andrew. "The Mediterranean Feud", New York: Praeger Publishers, 1983, 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConstandinos2009" class="citation book cs1">Constandinos, Andreas (2009). America, Britain and the Cyprus Crisis of 1974: Calculated Conspiracy Or Foreign Policy Failure?. AuthorHouse. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JOHYjyShuGIC&q=makarios+whirlwind&pg=PA206">206</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1467887076" title="Special:BookSources/978-1467887076"><bdi>978-1467887076</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%2C+Britain+and+the+Cyprus+Crisis+of+1974%3A+Calculated+Conspiracy+Or+Foreign+Policy+Failure%3F&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1467887076&rft.aulast=Constandinos&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Oberling, Pierre. The Road to Bellapais: the Turkish Cypriot exodus to Northern Cyprus. New York: Columbia University Press. 1982. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Borowiec, Andrew. "The Mediterranean Feud". New York: Praeger Publishers, 1983, p. 99 </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> The Tragic Duel and the Betrayal of Cyprus by Marios Adamides, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Dodd, Clement. "The History and Politics of the Cyprus Conflict." New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2010, 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Kassimeris, Christos. "Greek Response to the Cyprus Invasion" Small Wars and Insurgencies 19.2 (2008): 256–273. EBSCOhost 28 September 2010. 258 </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Katsoulas, Spyros (2021). "The “Nixon Letter” to Ecevit: An Untold Story of the Eve of the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus in 1974", The International History Review, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2021.1935293">https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2021.1935293</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013181208/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2021.1935293">Archived</a> 13 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Kassimeris, Christos. "Greek Response to the Cyprus Invasion" Small Wars and Insurgencies 19.2 (2008): 256–273. EBSCOhost 28 September 2010, 258. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sansimera.gr/articles/649">"Η Τουρκική Εισβολή στην Κύπρο"</a>. Sansimera.gr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220720081628/https://www.sansimera.gr/articles/649">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2014. <q>Σ' αυτό το χρονικό σημείο, οι Τούρκοι ελέγχουν το 3% του Κυπριακού εδάφους, έχοντας δημιουργήσει ένα προγεφύρωμα, που συνδέει την Κερύνεια με τον τουρκοκυπριακό θύλακο της Λευκωσίας. (At this point in time, the Turks control 3% of Cypriot territory, having created a bridgehead connecting Kyrenia with the Turkish Cypriot enclave in Nicosia.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%97+%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%95%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF&rft.pub=Sansimera.gr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sansimera.gr%2Farticles%2F649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Mehmet Ali Birand, "30 sıcak gün", March 1976 </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Minority Rights Group Report. Vol. 1–49. The Group. 1983. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0903114011" title="Special:BookSources/978-0903114011"><bdi>978-0903114011</bdi></a>. <q>The crisis of 1974: The Turkish assault and occupation Cyprus: In Search of Peace: The Turkish ... UN was able to obtain a ceasefire on 22 July the Turkish Army had only secured a narrow corridor between Kyrenia and Nicosia, which it widened during the next few days in violation of the terms, but which it was impatient to expand further on military as well as political grounds.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minority+Rights+Group+Report&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=The+Group&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0903114011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phillips1995-107"><a href="#cite_ref-Phillips1995_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorace_Phillips1995" class="citation book cs1">Horace Phillips (1995). Envoy Extraordinary: A Most Unlikely Ambassador. The Radcliffe Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-yqef6TQj48C&pg=PA128">128</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-964-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-964-6"><bdi>978-1-85043-964-6</bdi></a>. <q>Troops landed around Kyrenia, the main town on that coast, and quickly secured a narrow bridgehead.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Envoy+Extraordinary%3A+A+Most+Unlikely+Ambassador&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=The+Radcliffe+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-964-6&rft.au=Horace+Phillips&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fof-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fof_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fof_108-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Facts on File Yearbook 1974. Facts on File. 1975. p. 590. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0871960337" title="Special:BookSources/978-0871960337"><bdi>978-0871960337</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facts+on+File+Yearbook+1974&rft.pages=590&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0871960337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oberlinglim-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oberlinglim_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oberlinglim_109-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOberling1982" class="citation book cs1">Oberling, Pierre (1982). The Road to Bellapais: The Turkish Cypriot Exodus to Northern Cyprus. Boulder: Social Science Monographs. pp. 164–165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0880330008" title="Special:BookSources/978-0880330008"><bdi>978-0880330008</bdi></a>. <q>[...] children were shot in the street and the Turkish quarter of Limassol was burnt out by the National Guard.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Bellapais%3A+The+Turkish+Cypriot+Exodus+to+Northern+Cyprus&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E164-%3C%2Fspan%3E165&rft.pub=Boulder%3A+Social+Science+Monographs&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0880330008&rft.aulast=Oberling&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ros1-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ros1_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ros1_110-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHiggins1969" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, Rosalyn (1969). United Nations Peacekeeping: Europe, 1946–1979. Oxford University Press. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0192183224" title="Special:BookSources/978-0192183224"><bdi>978-0192183224</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Peacekeeping%3A+Europe%2C+1946%E2%80%931979&rft.pages=375&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0192183224&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Rosalyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKarpat1975" class="citation book cs1">Karpat, Kemal (1975). Turkey's Foreign Policy in Transition: 1950–1974. Brill. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004043237" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004043237"><bdi>978-9004043237</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Foreign+Policy+in+Transition%3A+1950%E2%80%931974&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-9004043237&rft.aulast=Karpat&rft.aufirst=Kemal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDinsteinDomb1999" class="citation book cs1">Dinstein, Yoram; Domb, Fania, eds. (1999). Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1998. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=01VI5Fj0vnQC&q=adana+camps+turkey+1974&pg=PA10">10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9041112958" title="Special:BookSources/978-9041112958"><bdi>978-9041112958</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+Yearbook+on+Human+Rights+1998&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-9041112958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Borowiec, Andrew. Cyprus: A Troubled Island. Westport: Praeger. 2000, 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Dodd, Clement. "The History and Politics of the Cyprus Conflict." New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2010, 119 </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> "Cyprus: A Country Study" U.S Library of Congress. Ed. Eric Solsten. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Web. 1 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Alper Sedat Aslandaş & Baskın Bıçakçı, Popüler Siyasî Deyimler Sözlüğü, İletişim Yayınları, 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/975-470-510-0" title="Special:BookSources/975-470-510-0">975-470-510-0</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Jan Asmussen, Cyprus at war: Diplomacy and Conflict during the 1974 Crisis, I.B. Tauris, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-742-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-742-9">978-1-84511-742-9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YWMMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Ayse+is+going+on+vacation%22">p. 191.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBorowiec2000" class="citation book cs1">Borowiec, Andrew (2000). Cyprus: A Troubled Island. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96533-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96533-4"><bdi>978-0-275-96533-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+A+Troubled+Island&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96533-4&rft.aulast=Borowiec&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071021183149/http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/PIO/PIO.nsf/All/22638F36A046D6A2C2256DC9002FE01F?OpenDocument">"Press and Information office (Cyprus)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/PIO/PIO.nsf/All/22638F36A046D6A2C2256DC9002FE01F?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 21 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+and+Information+office+%28Cyprus%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moi.gov.cy%2Fmoi%2FPIO%2FPIO.nsf%2FAll%2F22638F36A046D6A2C2256DC9002FE01F%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> Retrieved 19 September 2012 via Web Archive </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/documents/sc/res/1975/res367e.pdf">"Security Resolution 367"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025065538/http://www.un.org/documents/sc/res/1975/res367e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Security+Resolution+367&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fdocuments%2Fsc%2Fres%2F1975%2Fres367e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scribd-122"><a href="#cite_ref-Scribd_122-0">^</a> European Commission of Human Rights, "Report of the Commission to Applications 6780/74 and 6950/75", Council of Europe, 1976, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/66250437/The-Council-of-Europe-s-SECRET-Report-1976-Cyprus-barbary">pp. 160–163.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111012225604/https://www.scribd.com/doc/66250437/The-Council-of-Europe-s-SECRET-Report-1976-Cyprus-barbary">Link from Internet Archive</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-HUDOC-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HUDOC_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HUDOC_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/webservices/content/pdf/001-142541?TID=thkbhnilzk">"Cyprus v. Turkey - HUDOC"</a>. ECHR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200424115814/http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/webservices/content/pdf/001-142541?TID=thkbhnilzk">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprus+v.+Turkey+-+HUDOC&rft.pub=ECHR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Fwebservices%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2F001-142541%3FTID%3Dthkbhnilzk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Government_of_Cyprus-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Government_of_Cyprus_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Government_of_Cyprus_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604150833/http://www.law.gov.cy/law/lawoffice.nsf/0/1D071D58826551D8C2257424002E1B36/$file/Cyprus%20v.%20Turkey%2026.5.1975.pdf">"APPLICATIONS/REQUÉTES N° 6780/74 6 N° 6950/75 CYPRUS v/TURKEY CHYPRE c/TURQUI E"</a> (PDF). Government of Cyprus. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.gov.cy/law/lawoffice.nsf/0/1D071D58826551D8C2257424002E1B36/$file/Cyprus%20v.%20Turkey%2026.5.1975.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Cyprus&rft.atitle=APPLICATIONS%2FREQU%C3%89TES+N%C2%B0+6780%2F74+6+N%C2%B0+6950%2F75+CYPRUS+v%2FTURKEY+CHYPRE+c%2FTURQUI+E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.gov.cy%2Flaw%2Flawoffice.nsf%2F0%2F1D071D58826551D8C2257424002E1B36%2F%24file%2FCyprus%2520v.%2520Turkey%252026.5.1975.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBorowiec,_Andrew2000" class="citation book cs1">Borowiec, Andrew (2000). Cyprus: a troubled island. New York: Praeger. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96533-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96533-4"><bdi>978-0-275-96533-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+a+troubled+island&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96533-4&rft.au=Borowiec%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> <ul><li>William Mallinson, Bill Mallinson, Cyprus: a modern history, I.B. Tauris, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-580-8">978-1-85043-580-8</a>, p. 147</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter,_Ted_Galen2002" class="citation book cs1">Carpenter, Ted Galen (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacefreedomfore0000carp">Peace and Freedom: Foreign Policy for a Constitutional Republic</a>. Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacefreedomfore0000carp/page/187">187</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-930865-34-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-930865-34-1"><bdi>978-1-930865-34-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peace+and+Freedom%3A+Foreign+Policy+for+a+Constitutional+Republic&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Cato+Institute&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-930865-34-1&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+Ted+Galen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeacefreedomfore0000carp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinos-Alexandre_Sicilianos2001" class="citation book cs1">Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos (2001). The Prevention of Human Rights Violations (International Studies in Human Rights). Berlin: Springer. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-1672-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-1672-7"><bdi>978-90-411-1672-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prevention+of+Human+Rights+Violations+%28International+Studies+in+Human+Rights%29&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-411-1672-7&rft.au=Linos-Alexandre+Sicilianos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRezun,_Miron2001" class="citation book cs1">Rezun, Miron (2001). Europe's nightmare: the struggle for Kosovo. New York: Praeger. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97072-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97072-7"><bdi>978-0-275-97072-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%27s+nightmare%3A+the+struggle+for+Kosovo&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97072-7&rft.au=Rezun%2C+Miron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Antony Evelyn Alcock, A history of the protection of regional cultural minorities in Europe: from the Edict of Nantes to the present day, Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-23556-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-23556-7">978-0-312-23556-7</a>, p. 207</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobinmag.com/2017/01/cyprus-reunification-negotiations-akel-kke-greece-turkey">"Reuniting Cyprus?"</a>. jacobinmag.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223063133/https://jacobinmag.com/2017/01/cyprus-reunification-negotiations-akel-kke-greece-turkey">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jacobinmag.com&rft.atitle=Reuniting+Cyprus%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobinmag.com%2F2017%2F01%2Fcyprus-reunification-negotiations-akel-kke-greece-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_127-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725214327/http://www.cyprus-dispute.org/materials/echr/index.html">"JUDGEMENT IN THE CASE OF CYPRUS v. TURKEY 1974–1976"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprus-dispute.org/materials/echr/index.html">the original</a> on 25 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JUDGEMENT+IN+THE+CASE+OF+CYPRUS+v.+TURKEY+1974%E2%80%931976&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprus-dispute.org%2Fmaterials%2Fechr%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160901225331/http://www.mei.edu/content/news/despite-ruling-turkey-wont-pay-damages-cyprus">"Despite ruling, Turkey won't pay damages to Cyprus – Middle East Institute"</a>. www.mei.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mei.edu/content/news/despite-ruling-turkey-wont-pay-damages-cyprus">the original</a> on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mei.edu&rft.atitle=Despite+ruling%2C+Turkey+won%27t+pay+damages+to+Cyprus+%E2%80%93+Middle+East+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mei.edu%2Fcontent%2Fnews%2Fdespite-ruling-turkey-wont-pay-damages-cyprus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230429202653/https://www.asylumlawdatabase.eu/en/content/ecthr-cyprus-v-turkey-application-no-2578194-10-may-2001">"ECtHR –Cyprus v. Turkey , Application no. 25781/94, 10 May 2001 | European Database of Asylum Law"</a>. European Database of Asylum Law. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asylumlawdatabase.eu/en/content/ecthr-cyprus-v-turkey-application-no-2578194-10-may-2001">the original</a> on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Database+of+Asylum+Law&rft.atitle=ECtHR+%E2%80%93Cyprus+v.+Turkey+%2C+Application+no.+25781%2F94%2C+10+May+2001+%7C+European+Database+of+Asylum+Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asylumlawdatabase.eu%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fecthr-cyprus-v-turkey-application-no-2578194-10-may-2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_130-1">b</a> European Commission of Human Rights, "Report of the Commission to Applications 6780/74 and 6950/75", Council of Europe, 1976, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/66250437/The-Council-of-Europe-s-SECRET-Report-1976-Cyprus-barbary">p. 120,124.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111012225604/https://www.scribd.com/doc/66250437/The-Council-of-Europe-s-SECRET-Report-1976-Cyprus-barbary">Archived</a> 12 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111012225604/https://www.scribd.com/doc/66250437/The-Council-of-Europe-s-SECRET-Report-1976-Cyprus-barbary">Link from Internet Archive</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrewal1994" class="citation book cs1">Grewal, Inderpal (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scatteredhegemon0000unse/page/65">Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist Practices</a>. University of Minnesota Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scatteredhegemon0000unse/page/65">65</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816621385" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816621385"><bdi>978-0816621385</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scattered+Hegemonies%3A+Postmodernity+and+Transnational+Feminist+Practices&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0816621385&rft.aulast=Grewal&rft.aufirst=Inderpal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscatteredhegemon0000unse%2Fpage%2F65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEmilianidesAimilianidēs2011" class="citation book cs1">Emilianides, Achilles C.; Aimilianidēs, Achilleus K. (2011). Religion and Law in Cyprus. Kluwer Law International. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9041134387" title="Special:BookSources/978-9041134387"><bdi>978-9041134387</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Law+in+Cyprus&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9041134387&rft.aulast=Emilianides&rft.aufirst=Achilles+C.&rft.au=Aimilianid%C4%93s%2C+Achilleus+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCassia2007" class="citation book cs1">Cassia, Paul Sant (2007). Bodies of Evidence: Burial, Memory, and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus. Berghahn Books, Incorporated. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-228-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-228-5"><bdi>978-1-84545-228-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bodies+of+Evidence%3A+Burial%2C+Memory%2C+and+the+Recovery+of+Missing+Persons+in+Cyprus&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84545-228-5&rft.aulast=Cassia&rft.aufirst=Paul+Sant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant2012" class="citation journal cs1">Bryant, Rebecca (22 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/43181/1/Bryant_Partitions_of_memory_2012.pdf">"Partitions of Memory: Wounds and Witnessing in Cyprus"</a> (PDF). Comparative Studies in Society and History. 54 (2): 335. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0010417512000060">10.1017/S0010417512000060</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145424577">145424577</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809120541/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/43181/1/Bryant_Partitions_of_memory_2012.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Studies+in+Society+and+History&rft.atitle=Partitions+of+Memory%3A+Wounds+and+Witnessing+in+Cyprus&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=335&rft.date=2012-03-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0010417512000060&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145424577%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.lse.ac.uk%2F43181%2F1%2FBryant_Partitions_of_memory_2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sevgulrape-135"><a href="#cite_ref-sevgulrape_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUludağ" class="citation web cs1">Uludağ, Sevgül. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stwing.upenn.edu/~durduran/hamambocu/authors/svg/svg3_17_2008.html">"Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot victims of rape: The invisible pain and trauma that's kept 'hidden'"</a>. Hamamböcüleri Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924111319/http://www.stwing.upenn.edu/~durduran/hamambocu/authors/svg/svg3_17_2008.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+Cypriot+and+Greek+Cypriot+victims+of+rape%3A+The+invisible+pain+and+trauma+that%27s+kept+%27hidden%27&rft.pub=Hamamb%C3%B6c%C3%BCleri+Journal&rft.aulast=Uluda%C4%9F&rft.aufirst=Sevg%C3%BCl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stwing.upenn.edu%2F~durduran%2Fhamambocu%2Fauthors%2Fsvg%2Fsvg3_17_2008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oberling1-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Oberling1_136-0">^</a> Oberling, Pierre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jakLAAAAIAAJ&q=massacre">The road to Bellapais: the Turkish Cypriot exodus to northern Cyprus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123316/https://books.google.com/books?ei=tOY1TfKqB6OG4gbflPCLCg&ct=result&sqi=2&id=jakLAAAAIAAJ&dq=Maratha+massacre+cyprus&q=massacre">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1982), Social Science Monographs, p. 185 </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassia1-137"><a href="#cite_ref-Cassia1_137-0">^</a> Paul Sant Cassia, Bodies of Evidence: Burial, Memory, and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus, Berghahn Books, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-228-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-228-5">978-1-84545-228-5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EBFvRMO7_DkC&q=Aloa&pg=PA69">p. 237</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407025950/https://books.google.com/books?id=EBFvRMO7_DkC&pg=PA69&dq=Atl%C4%B1lar+Cyprus&hl=tr&ei=7sBsTM-vJ8nJcbPU_G8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Aloa&f=false">Archived</a> 7 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> UN monthly chronicle, Volume 11 (1974), United Nations, Office of Public Information, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zichAAAAMAAJ&q=Maratha">p. 98</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123317/https://books.google.com/books?ei=rSlUTcuUIoOCOr3w1agJ&ct=result&id=zichAAAAMAAJ&dq=Maratha+massacre+cyprus&q=Maratha">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassia2-139"><a href="#cite_ref-Cassia2_139-0">^</a> Paul Sant Cassia, Bodies of Evidence: Burial, Memory, and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus, Berghahn Books, 2007; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-228-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-228-5">978-1-84545-228-5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EBFvRMO7_DkC&q=Tochni&pg=PA237">Massacre&f=false p. 61</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122123825/https://books.google.com/books?id=EBFvRMO7_DkC&pg=PA237&dq=Thochni+Massacre&hl=en&ei=FZ1mTd7tPILB8QOcpZTIDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Tochni">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>, 23 July 1974. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/0/B645B308356678E0C22571BE00296AEE/$file/TKCLIST.missing.pdf?OpenElement">List of Turkish Cypriot missing persons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110915184403/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/0/B645B308356678E0C22571BE00296AEE/$file/TKCLIST.missing.pdf?OpenElement">Archived</a> 15 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus) Retrieved on 2 March 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprusembassy.net/home/index.php?module=page&cid=27?OpenElement">Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Washington</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012054812/http://www.cyprusembassy.net/home/index.php?module=page&cid=27%3FOpenElement">Archived</a> 12 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Washington) Retrieved on 11 November 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmp-cyprus.org/">"Committee on Missing Persons (CMP)"</a>. Cmp-cyprus.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071209153811/http://www.cmp-cyprus.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Committee+on+Missing+Persons+%28CMP%29&rft.pub=Cmp-cyprus.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmp-cyprus.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBourloyannisVirginia_Morris1992" class="citation journal cs1">Bourloyannis, Christiane; Virginia Morris (January 1992). "Autocephalous Greek-Orthodox Church of Cyrprus v. Goldberg & Feldman Fine Arts, Inc". The American Journal of International Law. 86 (1): 128–133. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2203143">10.2307/2203143</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2203143">2203143</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147162639">147162639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Autocephalous+Greek-Orthodox+Church+of+Cyrprus+v.+Goldberg+%26+Feldman+Fine+Arts%2C+Inc.&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E128-%3C%2Fspan%3E133&rft.date=1992-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147162639%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2203143%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2203143&rft.aulast=Bourloyannis&rft.aufirst=Christiane&rft.au=Virginia+Morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris2002" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Chris (18 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1768274.stm">"Shame of Cyprus's looted churches"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040308215100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1768274.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2004. Retrieved 29 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Shame+of+Cyprus%27s+looted+churches&rft.date=2002-01-18&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F1768274.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pergamon-146"><a href="#cite_ref-pergamon_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBağışkan2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bağışkan, Tuncer (18 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yeniduzen.com/Ekler/adres-kibris/106/akatu-tatlisu-ile-cevresinin-tarihi-gecmisi/384">"Akatu (Tatlısu) ile çevresinin tarihi geçmişi…"</a> (in Turkish). <a href="/wiki/Yeni_D%C3%BCzen" title="Yeni Düzen">Yeni Düzen</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110090737/https://www.yeniduzen.com/Ekler/adres-kibris/106/akatu-tatlisu-ile-cevresinin-tarihi-gecmisi/384">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akatu+%28Tatl%C4%B1su%29+ile+%C3%A7evresinin+tarihi+ge%C3%A7mi%C5%9Fi%E2%80%A6&rft.pub=Yeni+D%C3%BCzen&rft.date=2013-05-18&rft.aulast=Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9Fkan&rft.aufirst=Tuncer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yeniduzen.com%2FEkler%2Fadres-kibris%2F106%2Fakatu-tatlisu-ile-cevresinin-tarihi-gecmisi%2F384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708215339/http://www.cyprusnet.com/content.php?article_id=2794&subject=standalone">"Cyprusnet"</a>. Cyprusnet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprusnet.com/content.php?article_id=2794&subject=standalone">the original</a> on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprusnet&rft.pub=Cyprusnet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprusnet.com%2Fcontent.php%3Farticle_id%3D2794%26subject%3Dstandalone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/46544?eng=y">"Cyprus: Portrait of a Christianity Obliterated"</a> (in Italian). Chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104113500/http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/46544?eng=y">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+Portrait+of+a+Christianity+Obliterated&rft.pub=Chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchiesa.espresso.repubblica.it%2Farticolo%2F46544%3Feng%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jan/20/boy-george-icon-cyprus-church">Boy George returns lost icon to Cyprus church</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228052705/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jan/20/boy-george-icon-cyprus-church">Archived</a> 28 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Guardian.co.uk, 20 January 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12228059">Boy George returns Christ icon to Cyprus church</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220803105658/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12228059">Archived</a> 3 August 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BBC.co.uk, 19 January 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Representation of the Church of Cyprus to the European Union, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://churchofcypruseu.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=96&Itemid=1&lang=english">The post-byzantine icon of Jesus Christ returns to the Church of Cyprus London</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708153455/http://churchofcypruseu.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=96&Itemid=1&lang=english">Archived</a> 8 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, January 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S%2FRES%2F353%281974%29">"United Nations Official Document"</a>. www.un.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221031102740/https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S%2FRES%2F353%281974%29">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.un.org&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Official+Document&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fga%2Fsearch%2Fview_doc.asp%3Fsymbol%3DS%252FRES%252F353%25281974%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/360">"Security Council Resolution 360 – UNSCR"</a>. unscr.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019200135/http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/360">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unscr.com&rft.atitle=Security+Council+Resolution+360+%E2%80%93+UNSCR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funscr.com%2Fen%2Fresolutions%2F360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cypnet1-154"><a href="#cite_ref-cypnet1_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/history/republic/makarios-speech.html">"Cyprus History: Archbishop Makarios on the invasion of Cyprus by Greece"</a>. Cypnet.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221117203707/http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/history/republic/makarios-speech.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprus+History%3A+Archbishop+Makarios+on+the+invasion+of+Cyprus+by+Greece&rft.pub=Cypnet.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cypnet.co.uk%2Fncyprus%2Fhistory%2Frepublic%2Fmakarios-speech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514083824/http://www.assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=%2FDocuments%2FAdoptedText%2Fta74%2FERES573.htm">"Resolution 573 (1974)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta74/ERES573.htm">the original</a> on 14 May 2014. <q>Regretting the failure of the attempt to reach a diplomatic settlement which led the Turkish Government to exercise its right of intervention in accordance with Article 4 of the Guarantee Treaty of 1960.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resolution+573+%281974%29&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.coe.int%2FMain.asp%3Flink%3D%2FDocuments%2FAdoptedText%2Fta74%2FERES573.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.un.org/bitstream/handle/11176/27025/A_58_438%3BS_2003_1013-EN.pdf">Resolution 573 (29 July 1974)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012054815/http://repository.un.org/bitstream/handle/11176/27025/A_58_438%3BS_2003_1013-EN.pdf">Archived</a> 12 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "The legality of the Turkish intervention on Cyprus has also been underlined by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in its resolution 573 (1974), adopted on 29 July 1974." </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs1">"IV". <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Guarantee">Treaty of Guarantee </a>. Cyprus. 1960 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q>In so far as common or concerted action may not prove possible, each the three guaranteeing Powers reserves the right to take action with the sole aim of re-establishing the state of affairs created by the present Treaty.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IV&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+Guarantee&rft.place=Cyprus&rft.date=1960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> I.B. Tauris & Co. 2000, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenddemocracy.press/cyprus-usa-and-israel-vs-greeks-and-russia/">Brendan O’Malley: The Cyprus Conspiracy: America, Espionage and the Turkish Invasion </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221031153952/http://www.defenddemocracy.press/cyprus-usa-and-israel-vs-greeks-and-russia/">Archived</a> 31 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaltzman2019" class="citation journal cs1">Saltzman, Adam (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.onu.edu/onu_law_review/vol43/iss1/1">"Developing the principle of non-recognition"</a>. Adam Saltzman. 43 (1). Retrieved 17 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adam+Saltzman&rft.atitle=Developing+the+principle+of+non-recognition&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Saltzman&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.onu.edu%2Fonu_law_review%2Fvol43%2Fiss1%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> On 04.08.1986, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> filed a case against the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Communities</a>(supporter intervener:<a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">Commission of the European Communities</a>). In the case, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> first argued that <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_541" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 541">the UN Security Council Resolution 1983/541</a> called "upon all States not to recognize any Cypriot State other than the Republic of Cyprus". <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> then reasoned that since the Turkish Government recognized the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a>, the European Community "cannot grant it the special aid without ignoring that breach and thereby itself violating an obligation imposed on it under a measure which is binding on it by virtue of the principle of substitution." </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:61986CC0204">"Opinion of the Advocate-General (of CoEC and CEC)"</a>. Advocate General Mancini. 1988. Retrieved 17 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Advocate+General+Mancini&rft.atitle=Opinion+of+the+Advocate-General+%28of+CoEC+and+CEC%29&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2Flegal-content%2FEN%2FTXT%2FHTML%2F%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A61986CC0204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988">On 25.05.1988, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Communities</a>(supporter intervener:<a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">Commission of the European Communities</a>) specified that the UN Security Council Resolution 1983/541 which is not passed under Article VII of the UN Charter is non-binding in nature, and Council of EC and the Commission of the EC stated that "It is manifest from the wording of the operative part and from the debates and the declarations of vote prior to the adoption of Resolution No 541 that the Resolution does not constitute a "decision" and is therefore not a binding measure, but a measure in the nature of a mere recommendation. Consequently, the States to which the declaration is addressed are NOT bound to comply with paragraph 7 of the resolution or to infer from the fact that paragraph 7 was not complied with the consequences which Greece claims they should infer." </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:eec1dbbe-ca2b-4e87-9f06-d9a2d2b31a10.0002.03/DOC_1&format=PDF">"Judgment of 27.9.1988 - Case 204/86"</a>. European Court of Justice (ECJ). 1988. Retrieved 23 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Court+of+Justice+%28ECJ%29&rft.atitle=Judgment+of+27.9.1988+-+Case+204%2F86&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2Fresource.html%3Furi%3Dcellar%3Aeec1dbbe-ca2b-4e87-9f06-d9a2d2b31a10.0002.03%2FDOC_1%26format%3DPDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988">On 27.09.1988, European Court of Justice (ECJ) rejected all of the <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>'s arguments in the Case 204/86 (Greek Republic v. <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Communities</a>(supporter intervener:<a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">Commission of the European Communities</a>)), and punished <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> to pay all the costs, including the costs of the intervener. ECJ stated (in prg28) that the Resolution 1983/541 of the United Nations Security Council is completely extraneous to relations between the Community and Turkey. </li> <li id="cite_note-Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus_162-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114213143/http://mlahanas.de/Cyprus/History/TurkishInvasionOfCyprus.html">"Turkish invasion of Cyprus"</a>. Mlahanas.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlahanas.de/Cyprus/History/TurkishInvasionOfCyprus.html">the original</a> on 14 November 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+invasion+of+Cyprus&rft.pub=Mlahanas.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlahanas.de%2FCyprus%2FHistory%2FTurkishInvasionOfCyprus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020021018/http://www.cyprustourism.news/8719/turkish-army-opens-fenced-off-famagusta-beach-exclusively-to-turkish-nationals-turkish-cypriots/">"Turkish Army opens fenced-off Famagusta beach exclusively to Turkish nationals & Turkish-Cypriots!"</a>. Cyprus Tourism, 30.08.2017. 30 August 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprustourism.news/8719/turkish-army-opens-fenced-off-famagusta-beach-exclusively-to-turkish-nationals-turkish-cypriots/">the original</a> on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+Army+opens+fenced-off+Famagusta+beach+exclusively+to+Turkish+nationals+%26+Turkish-Cypriots%21&rft.pub=Cyprus+Tourism%2C+30.08.2017&rft.date=2017-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyprustourism.news%2F8719%2Fturkish-army-opens-fenced-off-famagusta-beach-exclusively-to-turkish-nationals-turkish-cypriots%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/news-217012-100-germany-assuages-greek-cypriot-fears-over-kosovo-ruling.html">Germany assuages Greek Cypriot fears over Kosovo ruling</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100727043706/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/news-217012-100-germany-assuages-greek-cypriot-fears-over-kosovo-ruling.html">Archived</a> 27 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 24 July 2010 <a href="/wiki/Today%27s_Zaman" title="Today's Zaman">Today's Zaman</a>. Retrieved 31 July 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283072868">"Can Kosovo Be A Sample For Cyprus"</a>. Cuneyt Yenigun, International Conference on Balkan and North Cyprus Relations: Perspectives in Political, Economic and Strategic Studies Center for Strategic Studies, 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Can+Kosovo+Be+A+Sample+For+Cyprus&rft.pub=Cuneyt+Yenigun%2C+International+Conference+on+Balkan+and+North+Cyprus+Relations%3A+Perspectives+in+Political%2C+Economic+and+Strategic+Studies+Center+for+Strategic+Studies%2C+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F283072868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/22/kosovo-independence-un-ruling">"Kosovo's independence is legal, UN court rules"</a>. Peter Beaumont, The Guardian (UK), 22.07.2010. 22 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119125309/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/22/kosovo-independence-un-ruling">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosovo%27s+independence+is+legal%2C+UN+court+rules&rft.pub=Peter+Beaumont%2C+The+Guardian+%28UK%29%2C+22.07.2010&rft.date=2010-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fjul%2F22%2Fkosovo-independence-un-ruling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> See UN Security Council resolutions endorsing <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> resolution 3212(XXIX)(1974). </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/pocketbook/country_profiles.pdf">UNHCR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327061046/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/pocketbook/country_profiles.pdf">Archived</a> 27 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> UNHCR country profiles, p. 54 </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2004/apr2004/cypr-a24.shtml">"Cyprus: referendum on the Annan Plan"</a>. Wsws.org. 24 April 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003052958/http://www.wsws.org/articles/2004/apr2004/cypr-a24.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+referendum+on+the+Annan+Plan&rft.pub=Wsws.org&rft.date=2004-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Farticles%2F2004%2Fapr2004%2Fcypr-a24.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-assembly.coe.int-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-assembly.coe.int_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-assembly.coe.int_170-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206120028/http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/doc03/EDOC9799.htm">"Council of Europe Committee on Migration, Refugees and Demography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/doc03/EDOC9799.htm">the original</a> on 6 February 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council+of+Europe+Committee+on+Migration%2C+Refugees+and+Demography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassembly.coe.int%2FDocuments%2FWorkingDocs%2Fdoc03%2FEDOC9799.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Hoffmeister 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZXbg3ZwvGoC&dq=turkish+settlers+war+crime&pg=PA57">p. 57</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212214713/http://www.prio.no/News/NewsItem/?oid=83806">"PRIO Report on 'Settlers' in Northern Cyprus"</a>. Prio.no. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prio.no/News/NewsItem/?oid=83806">the original</a> on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PRIO+Report+on+%27Settlers%27+in+Northern+Cyprus&rft.pub=Prio.no&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prio.no%2FNews%2FNewsItem%2F%3Foid%3D83806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyprus-mail.com/2015/05/20/us-house-asks-for-report-on-cyprus-defence-capabilities/">Cyprus Mail, 20 May 2015</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125090826/http://cyprus-mail.com/2015/05/20/us-house-asks-for-report-on-cyprus-defence-capabilities/">Archived</a> 25 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> US House asks for report on Cyprus's defence capabilities </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmddtc.state.gov/FR/1992/57FR60265a.pdf">"DDTC Public Portal"</a> (PDF). www.pmddtc.state.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101104646/https://www.pmddtc.state.gov/FR/1992/57FR60265a.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pmddtc.state.gov&rft.atitle=DDTC+Public+Portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmddtc.state.gov%2FFR%2F1992%2F57FR60265a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227132105/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/us-congress-ends-cyprus-arms-embargo--in-blow-to-turkey-12192322">"US Congress ends Cyprus arms embargo, in blow to Turkey"</a>. Channel News Asia. 18 December 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/us-congress-ends-cyprus-arms-embargo--in-blow-to-turkey-12192322">the original</a> on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel+News+Asia&rft.atitle=US+Congress+ends+Cyprus+arms+embargo%2C+in+blow+to+Turkey&rft.date=2019-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fus-congress-ends-cyprus-arms-embargo--in-blow-to-turkey-12192322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20200901-us-partially-lifts-three-decade-old-arms-embargo-on-cyprus">"US partially lifts three-decade-old arms embargo on Cyprus"</a>. France 24. 2 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221107074003/https://www.france24.com/en/20200901-us-partially-lifts-three-decade-old-arms-embargo-on-cyprus">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=US+partially+lifts+three-decade-old+arms+embargo+on+Cyprus&rft.date=2020-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20200901-us-partially-lifts-three-decade-old-arms-embargo-on-cyprus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkiye-slams-us-decision-to-lift-arms-embargo-on-greek-cyprus-201031">"Türkiye slams US decision to lift arms embargo on Greek Cyprus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet_Daily_News" title="Hürriyet Daily News">Hürriyet Daily News</a>. 29 September 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240929092636/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkiye-slams-us-decision-to-lift-arms-embargo-on-greek-cyprus-201031">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrkiye+slams+US+decision+to+lift+arms+embargo+on+Greek+Cyprus&rft.date=2024-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fturkiye-slams-us-decision-to-lift-arms-embargo-on-greek-cyprus-201031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: General references">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBolukbasi1993" class="citation journal cs1">Bolukbasi, Suha (1993). "The Johnson letter revisited". <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Studies_(journal)" title="Middle Eastern Studies (journal)">Middle Eastern Studies</a>. 29 (3): 505–525. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263209308700963">10.1080/00263209308700963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Johnson+letter+revisited&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E505-%3C%2Fspan%3E525&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263209308700963&rft.aulast=Bolukbasi&rft.aufirst=Suha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrinkley1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Brinkley" title="Douglas Brinkley">Brinkley, Douglas</a> (1992). Dean Acheson: The Cold War Years, 1953–71. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dean+Acheson%3A+The+Cold+War+Years%2C+1953%E2%80%9371&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Brinkley&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEricksonUyar2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Erickson" title="Edward J. Erickson">Erickson, Edward J.</a>; Uyar, Mesut (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmcu.edu/Outreach/Marine-Corps-University-Press/Books-by-topic/MCUP-Titles-A-Z/Phase-Line-Attila/">Phase Line Attila: The Amphibious Campaign for Cyprus, 1974</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_University#Marine_Corps_University_Press" title="Marine Corps University">Marine Corps University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.56686%2F9781732003088">10.56686/9781732003088</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7320030-8-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7320030-8-8"><bdi>978-1-7320030-8-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phase+Line+Attila%3A+The+Amphibious+Campaign+for+Cyprus%2C+1974&rft.pub=Marine+Corps+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.56686%2F9781732003088&rft.isbn=978-1-7320030-8-8&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft.au=Uyar%2C+Mesut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmcu.edu%2FOutreach%2FMarine-Corps-University-Press%2FBooks-by-topic%2FMCUP-Titles-A-Z%2FPhase-Line-Attila%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHatziantoniou2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Kostas_Hatziantoniou" title="Kostas Hatziantoniou">Hatziantoniou, Kostas</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E5TctgAACAAJ">Κύπρος 1954–1974: Από το Έπος στην Τραγωδία</a> (in Greek). IANOS. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-426-451-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-960-426-451-3"><bdi>978-960-426-451-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82+1954%E2%80%931974%3A+%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%88%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1&rft.pub=IANOS&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-960-426-451-3&rft.aulast=Hatziantoniou&rft.aufirst=Kostas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE5TctgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'MalleyCraig1999" class="citation book cs1">O'Malley, Brendan; Craig, Ian (1999). The Cyprus Conspiracy. London: <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">IB Tauris</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-860-64439-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-860-64439-9"><bdi>978-1-860-64439-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyprus+Conspiracy&rft.place=London&rft.pub=IB+Tauris&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-860-64439-9&rft.aulast=O%27Malley&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft.au=Craig%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVarnava2020" class="citation book cs1">Varnava, Marilena (2020). Cyprus Before 1974: The Prelude to Crisis. London: I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-784-53997-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-784-53997-9"><bdi>978-1-784-53997-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+Before+1974%3A+The+Prelude+to+Crisis&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-784-53997-9&rft.aulast=Varnava&rft.aufirst=Marilena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_publications_and_sources">Official publications and sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Official publications and sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmfaff/113/11302.htm">The House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee report on Cyprus</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020816031706/http://www.hr-action.org/chr/ECHR01.html">1st Report of the European Commission of Human Rights; Turkey's invasion in Cyprus and aftermath (20 July 1974 – 18 May 1976)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020816031400/http://www.hr-action.org/chr/ECHR02.html">2nd Report of the European Commission of Human Rights; Turkey's invasion in Cyprus and aftermath (19 May 1976 to 10 February 1983)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/docx/pdf?library=ECHR&id=001-59454&filename=CASE%20OF%20CYPRUS%20v.%20TURKEY.pdf">European Court of Human Rights Case of Cyprus v. Turkey (Application no. 25781/94)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.archives.un.org/uploads/r/united-nations-archives/c/1/6/c1698221de587008197e94839266b7f9c5765705168c1fe1375bcce84756472c/S-0903-0010-11-00001.PDF">Reports by the UN Secretary General regarding developments in Cyprus (22 May 1974 – 6 December 1974)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.archives.un.org/uploads/r/united-nations-archives/2/e/8/2e8ac6f7bf17b964c08664affd4396cc7407a051c00e6a53816d7c4e70b8b0c1/S-0903-0010-03-00001.PDF">UN Security Council documents and resolutions regarding Cyprus (12 August 1974 – 13 December 1974)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.archives.un.org/uploads/r/united-nations-archives/9/f/d/9fd17c89e68feaccf84001b04355f70033d943e1573a07478f29ff7b7bb6ffc4/S-0903-0003-03-00001.pdf">United Nations Peace Keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) situation reports (20 July 1974 – 18 August 1974)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.archives.un.org/uploads/r/united-nations-archives/c/8/3/c83a6786b8bf9374d9df34c8a3609fb9bb38e9f12e05003fba20f71850127a25/S-0903-0006-03-00001.pdf">Letters addressed to UN Secretary General regarding Cyprus (13 September 1974 – 31 December 1974)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_and_articles">Books and articles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Books and articles">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdamides2018" class="citation book cs1">Adamides, Marios (2018). The Tragic Duel and the Betrayal of Cyprus Coup D'Etat and Turkish Invasion Cyprus 15–24 July 1974. Independently published.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tragic+Duel+and+the+Betrayal+of+Cyprus+Coup+D%27Etat+and+Turkish+Invasion+Cyprus+15%E2%80%9324+July+1974&rft.pub=Independently+published&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Adamides&rft.aufirst=Marios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarker2005" class="citation book cs1">Barker, Dudley (2005). Grivas, Portrait of a Terrorist. New York, NY: Harcourt: Brace and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grivas%2C+Portrait+of+a+Terrorist&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Harcourt%3A+Brace+and+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Dudley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrewin2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Brewin" title="Christopher Brewin">Brewin, Christopher</a> (2000). European Union and Cyprus. Huntingdon: Eothen Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Union+and+Cyprus&rft.place=Huntingdon&rft.pub=Eothen+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Brewin&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCranshaw1978" class="citation book cs1">Cranshaw, Nancy (1978). The Cyprus Revolt: An Account of the Struggle for Union with Greece. London: <a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Unwin" title="Allen & Unwin">George Allen & Unwin</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyprus+Revolt%3A+An+Account+of+the+Struggle+for+Union+with+Greece&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Cranshaw&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHitchens1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens" title="Christopher Hitchens">Hitchens, Christopher</a> (1984). Cyprus. London: Quartet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Quartet&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Hitchens&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHitchens1997" class="citation book cs1">Hitchens, Christopher (1997). Hostage to History: Cyprus from the Ottomans to Kissinger. New York, NY: Verso.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hostage+to+History%3A+Cyprus+from+the+Ottomans+to+Kissinger&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Hitchens&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHitchens2001" class="citation book cs1">Hitchens, Christopher (2001). <a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_Henry_Kissinger" title="The Trial of Henry Kissinger">The Trial of Henry Kissinger</a>. New York, NY: Verso.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trial+of+Henry+Kissinger&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Hitchens&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKer-Lindsay2005" class="citation book cs1">Ker-Lindsay, James (2005). EU Accession and UN Peacemaking in Cyprus. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=EU+Accession+and+UN+Peacemaking+in+Cyprus&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Ker-Lindsay&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2000" class="citation web cs1">Meyer, James H. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327040028/http://wws.princeton.edu/research/cases/cyprus.pdf">"Policy Watershed: Turkey's Cyprus Policy and the Interventions of 1974"</a> (PDF). WWS Case Study 3/00. Princeton, NJ: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Princeton School of Public and International Affairs">Woodrow Wilson School of Public Affairs</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wws.princeton.edu/research/cases/cyprus.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Policy+Watershed%3A+Turkey%27s+Cyprus+Policy+and+the+Interventions+of+1974&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.series=WWS+Case+Study+3%2F00&rft.pub=Woodrow+Wilson+School+of+Public+Affairs&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwws.princeton.edu%2Fresearch%2Fcases%2Fcyprus.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMirbagheri1989" class="citation book cs1">Mirbagheri, Farid (1989). Cyprus and International Peacemaking. London: Hurst.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+and+International+Peacemaking&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Mirbagheri&rft.aufirst=Farid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNicolet2001" class="citation book cs1">Nicolet, Claude (2001). United States Policy Towards Cyprus, 1954–1974: Removing the Greek-Turkish Bone of Contention. Mannheim: Bibliopolis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Policy+Towards+Cyprus%2C+1954%E2%80%931974%3A+Removing+the+Greek-Turkish+Bone+of+Contention&rft.place=Mannheim&rft.pub=Bibliopolis&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Nicolet&rft.aufirst=Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOberling1982" class="citation book cs1">Oberling, Pierre (1982). The Road to Bellapais: The Turkish Cypriot Exodus to Northern Cyprus. Social Science Monographs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Bellapais%3A+The+Turkish+Cypriot+Exodus+to+Northern+Cyprus&rft.pub=Social+Science+Monographs&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Oberling&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPanteli" class="citation book cs1">Panteli, Stavros. The History of Modern Cyprus. Topline Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948853-32-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-948853-32-8"><bdi>0-948853-32-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Modern+Cyprus&rft.pub=Topline+Publishing&rft.isbn=0-948853-32-8&rft.aulast=Panteli&rft.aufirst=Stavros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichmond1998" class="citation book cs1">Richmond, Oliver (1998). Mediating in Cyprus. London: Frank Cass.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mediating+in+Cyprus&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+invasion+of+Cyprus" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Other sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a> documentary, Cyprus, Britain's Grim Legacy</li> <li>Channel 4 <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Television documentary</a>, Secret History – Dead or Alive?</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/">Europe: Cyprus</a> CIA <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">World Factbook</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150517022211/http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/intro%20page.html">Cyprus-Conflict.net</a> – a neutral educational website on the conflict (archived 17 May 2015)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cyprus_problem103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyprus_dispute" title="Template:Cyprus dispute"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyprus_dispute" title="Template talk:Cyprus dispute"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyprus_dispute" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyprus dispute"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyprus_problem103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus problem</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Island divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Declaration of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_enclaves" title="Turkish Cypriot enclaves">Turkish Cypriot enclaves</a> (1963–64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Buffer_Zone_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus">United Nations Buffer Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_and_Zurich_Agreements#Treaty_of_Guarantee" class="mw-redirect" title="London and Zurich Agreements">Guarantor powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Cyprus,_Greece_and_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Map_of_Cyprus%2C_Greece_and_Turkey.svg/250px-Map_of_Cyprus%2C_Greece_and_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="159" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Map_of_Cyprus%2C_Greece_and_Turkey.svg/330px-Map_of_Cyprus%2C_Greece_and_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="400" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cypriot intercommunal violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">Bloody Christmas (1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tillyria" title="Battle of Tillyria">Battle of Tillyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_casualties_and_displacements_during_the_Cyprus_conflict" title="Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict">Civilian casualties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'état">1974 Cypriot coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Turkish_invasion_(1974)54" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkish invasion (1974)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_during_the_Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Military operations during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Military operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reported_military_losses_during_the_Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Reported military losses during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Military losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_combat_during_the_Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Air combat during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Air combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pentemili_beachhead" title="Battle of Pentemili beachhead">Battle of Pentemili beachhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Niki" title="Operation Niki">Operation Niki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tochni_massacre" title="Tochni massacre">Tochni massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha,_Santalaris_and_Aloda_massacre" title="Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre">Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_S-300_crisis" title="Cypriot S-300 crisis">S-300 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Turkey_maritime_zones_dispute" title="Cyprus–Turkey maritime zones dispute">Maritime-zone dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Cyprus_gas_dispute" title="2018 Cyprus gas dispute">2018 Cyprus gas dispute</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enosis#The_Cypriot_Enosis_movement" title="Enosis">Enosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">Taksim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_enosis_referendum,_1950" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot enosis referendum, 1950">Enosis referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akritas_plan" title="Akritas plan">Akritas plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">List of UNSC resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Demographic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_nationality_in_Cyprus" title="History of nationality in Cyprus">History of nationality in Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_refugees" title="Cypriot refugees">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclaved_Greek_Cypriots" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclaved Greek Cypriots">Enclaved Greek Cypriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embargo_against_Northern_Cyprus" title="Embargo against Northern Cyprus">Embargo against Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9_September_Front" title="9 September Front">9 September Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Gang_(organisation)" title="Black Gang (organisation)">Black Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">EOKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOKA-B" class="mw-redirect" title="EOKA-B">EOKA-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEKA" title="PEKA">PEKA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Resistance_Legion_for_the_Movement_Legion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkish Resistance Legion for the Movement Legion (page does not exist)">Turkish Resistance Legion for the Movement Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Resistance_Organisation" title="Turkish Resistance Organisation">Turkish Resistance Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lawsuits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolides_v_Orams" title="Apostolides v Orams">Apostolides v Orams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_v._Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus v. Turkey">Cyprus v. Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loizidou_v._Turkey" title="Loizidou v. Turkey">Loizidou v. Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toumazou_et_al._v._Republic_of_Turkey_et_al." class="mw-redirect" title="Toumazou et al. v. Republic of Turkey et al.">Toumazou et al. v. Republic of Turkey et al.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_peace_process" title="Cyprus peace process">Peace process</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_plan_(Cyprus)" title="ABC plan (Cyprus)">ABC plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan_for_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Annan Plan for Cyprus">Annan reunification Plan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Annan_Plan_referendums,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot Annan Plan referendums, 2004">2004 referendums</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution_(Cyprus)" title="Two-state solution (Cyprus)">Two-state solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932012_Cyprus_talks" title="2008–2012 Cyprus talks">2008–2012 talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Cyprus_talks" title="2014 Cyprus talks">2014 talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932017_Cyprus_talks" title="2015–2017 Cyprus talks">2015–2017 talks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cyprus_articles592" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyprus_topics" title="Template:Cyprus topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyprus_topics" title="Template talk:Cyprus topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyprus_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyprus topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyprus_articles592" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cyprus-related_articles" title="Index of Cyprus-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus" title="History of Cyprus">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Cyprus" title="Prehistoric Cyprus">Prehistoric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya">Alasiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocypriot_language" title="Eteocypriot language">Eteocypriot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Cyprus" title="Ancient history of Cyprus">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_city-kingdoms_of_Cyprus" title="Ten city-kingdoms of Cyprus">Ten city-kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Persian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Revolt" title="Ionian Revolt">Ionian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Roman Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora revolt">Diaspora revolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Cyprus">Byzantine Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Arab Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Cyprus" title="Venetian Cyprus">Venetian rule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Ottoman rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_administrators_of_British_Cyprus" title="List of colonial governors and administrators of British Cyprus">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus_since_1878" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cyprus since 1878">Post-1878 overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">Taksim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Intercommunal violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkish invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_refugees" title="Cypriot refugees">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_S-300_crisis" title="Cypriot S-300 crisis">Cypriot S-300 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan" title="Annan Plan">Annan Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">EU accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Cyprus" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus">Cities, towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Cyprus" title="Climate of Cyprus">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Cyprus" title="List of earthquakes in Cyprus">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyprus_islets" title="List of Cyprus islets">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Lakes of Cyprus">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Mountains of Cyprus">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Rivers of Cyprus">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cyprus" title="Wildlife of Cyprus">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Cyprus" title="Chief Justice of Cyprus">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cyprus" title="Constitution of Cyprus">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Cyprus" title="Corruption in Cyprus">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">UN resolutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Cyprus">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Cyprus">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_National_Guard_General_Staff" title="Chief of the National Guard General Staff">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Police" title="Cyprus Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Cyprus">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cyprus" title="Economy of Cyprus">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cyprus" title="Agriculture in Cyprus">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Cyprus" title="List of banks in Cyprus">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus" title="Energy in Cyprus">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Stock_Exchange" title="Cyprus Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cyprus" title="Tourism in Cyprus">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Trade unions in Cyprus">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cyprus" title="Transport in Cyprus">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Cypriot_financial_crisis" title="2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis">2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Society of Cyprus">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cypriot nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus" title="Languages of Cyprus">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cyprus" title="Education in Cyprus">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cyprus" title="Health in Cyprus">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cyprus" title="Poverty in Cyprus">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cyprus" title="Public holidays in Cyprus">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Cyprus">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cypriot_art" title="Category:Cypriot art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Cinema of Cyprus">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_wine" title="Cypriot wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_literature" title="Cypriot literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Cyprus" title="Category:Mass media in Cyprus">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cyprus" title="Sport in Cyprus">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Cyprus" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Cyprus">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Greek Cypriot diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus">Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linobambaki" title="Linobambaki">Linobambaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Settlers from Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Cyprus">Armenian Cypriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Cypriots" title="Maronite Cypriots">Maronite Cypriots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Cyprus" title="National symbols of Cyprus">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cyprus" title="Coat of arms of Cyprus">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" title="Flag of Cyprus">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cyprus" title="Outline of Cyprus">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cyprus-related_articles" title="Index of Cyprus-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyprus" title="Category:Cyprus">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cyprus" title="Portal:Cyprus">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irredentism312" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irredentism" title="Template:Irredentism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irredentism" title="Template talk:Irredentism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irredentism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irredentism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irredentism312" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_South_Africa" title="Greater South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_irredentism" title="Chinese irredentism">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">unification with Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">annexation of Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Mongolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Nepal" title="Greater Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_independence_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir independence movement">Kashmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tamil_Nadu" title="Greater Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_irredentism" title="Cambodian irredentism">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Indonesia" title="Greater Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_claimed_by_the_Philippines" title="Territories claimed by the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Thaiism" title="Pan-Thaiism">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Timor" title="Great Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_irredentism" title="Vietnamese irredentism">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Armenia" title="United Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabakh_movement" title="Karabakh movement">Karabakh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_homeland" title="Assyrian homeland">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Azerbaijan" title="Whole Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Azerbaijan_(irredentist_concept)" title="Western Azerbaijan (irredentist concept)">Western Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism#Irredentism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Gathering of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism#Pan-Syrianism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean dispute</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_irredentism" title="Bulgarian irredentism">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakism" title="Czechoslovakism">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Moldova" title="Greater Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_irredentism" title="Polish irredentism">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Kresy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermarium" title="Intermarium">Intermarium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">unification with Moldova</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">occupation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">proposed annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">occupation of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian irredentism">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Democratic_Republic#Territory" title="Belarusian Democratic Republic">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Finland" title="Greater Finland">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_question" title="Karelian question">Karelia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Albania_and_Kosovo" title="Unification of Albania and Kosovo">unification with Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bosnia" title="Greater Bosnia">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Greek Cypriot nationalism">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese irredentism">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Myth" title="Kosovo Myth">Kosovo Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Kosovo" title="Partition of Kosovo">partition of Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_irredentism" title="Spanish irredentism">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_irredenta" title="Galicia irredenta">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Corfu" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian irredentism in Corfu">Corfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Corsica" title="Italian irredentism in Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Dalmatia" title="Italian irredentism in Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Istria" title="Italian irredentism in Istria">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Switzerland" title="Italian irredentism in Switzerland">Italian Grisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Malta" title="Italian irredentism in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Nice" title="Italian irredentism in Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Savoy" title="Italian irredentism in Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Switzerland" title="Italian irredentism in Switzerland">Ticino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NATO_Militarised_Interstate_Conflicts" title="Template:NATO Militarised Interstate Conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NATO_Militarised_Interstate_Conflicts" title="Template talk:NATO Militarised Interstate Conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NATO_Militarised_Interstate_Conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NATO Militarised Interstate Conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NATO_Militarised_Interstate_Conflicts37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">NATO Militarised Interstate Conflicts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_Wars" title="Cod Wars">Cod Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute#Incidents" title="Aegean dispute">The Aegean Dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Invasion_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Invasion of Cyprus">Turkish Invasion of Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty#Articles_7_and_8" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty Article 8</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&oldid=1283075305">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus&oldid=1283075305</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" 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