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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Alpau rootpage-Alpau skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Neidio i'r cynnwys</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prif ddewislen" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prif ddewislen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Prif ddewislen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Panel llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hafan</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned"><span>Porth y Gymuned</span></a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi"><span>Y Caffi</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes"><span>Materion cyfoes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Newidiadau diweddar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Erthygl ar hap</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth"><span>Cymorth</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chwilio</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwedd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class=""><span>Rhoi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Alpau" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class=""><span>Creu cyfrif</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Alpau" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mewngofnodi</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Offer personol</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy"><span>Rhoi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Alpau" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creu cyfrif</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Alpau" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mewngofnodi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu"><span>dysgu mwy</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyContributions" title="Rhestr golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Cyfraniadau</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geirdarddiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geirdarddiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geirdarddiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geirdarddiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daearyddiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daearyddiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Daearyddiaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daearyddiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bylchau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bylchau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bylchau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bylchau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mynyddoedd_dros_4,000_medr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mynyddoedd_dros_4,000_medr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mynyddoedd dros 4,000 medr</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mynyddoedd_dros_4,000_medr-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Mynyddoedd dros 4,000 medr</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mynyddoedd_dros_4,000_medr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dinasoedd_mwyaf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinasoedd_mwyaf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Dinasoedd mwyaf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinasoedd_mwyaf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cludiant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cludiant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cludiant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cludiant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mwynau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mwynau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mwynau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mwynau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhewlifoedd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhewlifoedd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rhewlifoedd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhewlifoedd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afonydd_a_llynnoedd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afonydd_a_llynnoedd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Afonydd a llynnoedd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afonydd_a_llynnoedd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinsawdd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinsawdd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Hinsawdd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinsawdd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecoleg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecoleg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ecoleg</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecoleg-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Ecoleg</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecoleg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fflora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fflora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Fflora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fflora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ffawna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ffawna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Ffawna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ffawna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Hanes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hanes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Hanes</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hanes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cynhanes_i_Gristnogaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cynhanes_i_Gristnogaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Cynhanes i Gristnogaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cynhanes_i_Gristnogaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Cyfeiriadau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpau</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 176 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%95%E1%88%B5_%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD" title="አልፕስ ተራሮች - Amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አልፕስ ተራሮች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpis" title="Alpis - Hen Saesneg" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Alpis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Hen Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="ऐल्प्स - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ऐल्प्स" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8" title="الألب - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الألب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8" title="الب - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9B" title="এল্পছ - Asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এল্পছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алпал - Afareg" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Алпал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Afareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स - Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_da%C4%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Alp dağları - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alp dağları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آلپ داغلاری - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلپ داغلاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Альп тауҙары - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Альп тауҙары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oipn" title="Oipn - Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oipn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp%C4%97s" title="Alpės - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Alpės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Алпи - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алпи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="আল্পস পর্বতমালা - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আল্পস পর্বতমালা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpo%C3%B9" title="Alpoù - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alpoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Альпа - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Альпа" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Альпаш - Tsietsieneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Альпаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsietsieneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%BE" title="ئەڵپ - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەڵپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alplar" title="Alplar - Tyrceg y Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Alplar" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg y Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alperne" title="Alperne - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alperne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy - Sorbeg Isaf" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbeg Isaf" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Άλπεις - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλπεις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lp" title="Èlp - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Èlp" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpoj" title="Alpoj - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alpoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpid" title="Alpid - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alpid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpeak" title="Alpeak - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alpeak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE" title="آلپ - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpit" title="Alpit - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alpit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpiq" title="Alpiq - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Alpiq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpurnar" title="Alpurnar - Ffaröeg" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alpurnar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Ffaröeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82rpes" title="Ârpes - Arpitaneg" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ârpes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps - Ffriwleg" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Ffriwleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Ffriseg y Gorllewin" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg y Gorllewin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_hAlpa" title="Na hAlpa - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na hAlpa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿爾卑斯山 - Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="阿爾卑斯山" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp" title="Alp - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Alp" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Ailpeannan" title="Na h-Ailpeannan - Gaeleg yr Alban" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Ailpeannan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaeleg yr Alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ype" title="Áype - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Áype" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%BE" title="આલ્પ્સ પર્વતમાળા - Gwjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આલ્પ્સ પર્વતમાળા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gwjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps - Hawsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hawsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes_s%C3%A2n" title="Alpes sân - Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Alpes sân" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAlepa" title="ʻAlepa - Hawäieg" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻAlepa" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawäieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הרי האלפים - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרי האלפים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="ऐल्प्स पर्वतमाला - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऐल्प्स पर्वतमाला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy - Sorbeg Uchaf" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbeg Uchaf" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpok" title="Alpok - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alpok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալպեր - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալպեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալպեան լեռներ - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ալպեան լեռներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpafj%C3%B6ll" title="Alpafjöll - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alpafjöll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%97%E3%82%B9%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="アルプス山脈 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルプス山脈" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps - Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ალპები - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალპები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_tawlar%C4%B1" title="Alp tawları - Cara-Calpaceg" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Alp tawları" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Cara-Calpaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idurar_n_Alp" title="Idurar n Alp - Cabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Idurar n Alp" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Cabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C9%A9p%CA%8Awaa" title="Alɩpʊwaa - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Alɩpʊwaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96" title="Альпі - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альпі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಲ್ಪ್ಸ್ - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಲ್ಪ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%94%84%EC%8A%A4%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="알프스산맥 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알프스산맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Альпла - Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Альпла" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp" title="Alp - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alp" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpow" title="Alpow - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Alpow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы - Cirgiseg" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgiseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Lwcsembwrgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lwcsembwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpi" title="Arpi - Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Arpi" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_(mont)" title="Alp (mont) - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alp (mont)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%8C" title="ແອລປ໌ - Laoeg" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແອລປ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp%C4%97s" title="Alpės - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alpės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandavan-tendrombohitra_Alpa" title="Tandavan-tendrombohitra Alpa - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tandavan-tendrombohitra Alpa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF" title="Альп - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Альп" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Алпи - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алпи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ആൽപ്സ് - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആൽപ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83" title="Альпийн нуруу - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Альпийн нуруу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjaran_Alp" title="Banjaran Alp - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Banjaran Alp" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Mirandeg" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အယ်လ်ပ်တောင်တန်း - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အယ်လ်ပ်တောင်တန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpe" title="Arpe - Naplieg" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Arpe" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Naplieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Almaeneg Isel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Sacsoneg Isel" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Sacsoneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स - Nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="एल्पस् - Newaeg" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एल्पस्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpane" title="Alpane - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alpane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpene" title="Alpene - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alpene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Альпæтæ - Oseteg" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Альпæтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Oseteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AA" title="ਐਲਪ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਲਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Picardeg" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp" title="Alp - Piedmonteg" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alp" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmonteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="الپس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الپس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="آلپ غرونه - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آلپ غرونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpikuna" title="Alpikuna - Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alpikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps - Románsh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Románsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Алпы - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алпы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Альпа хайалара - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Альпа хайалара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Sardeg" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi - Sisileg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps - Sgoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Sgoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="الپس - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="الپس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lppat" title="Álppat - Sami Gogleddol" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Álppat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇල්ප්ස් - Sinhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇල්ප්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpet" title="Alpet - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alpet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Алпи - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алпи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Ffriseg Saterland" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Saterland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alperna" title="Alperna - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alperna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆல்ப்ஸ் - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆல்ப்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఆల్ప్స్ పర్వతాలు - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆల్ప్స్ పర్వతాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF" title="Алп - Tajiceg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алп" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajiceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C" title="เทือกเขาแอลป์ - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทือกเขาแอลป์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alplar" title="Alplar - Tyrcmeneg" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Alplar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Tyrcmeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi_bandon" title="Alpi bandon - Talysheg" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Alpi bandon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpler" title="Alpler - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alpler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Альп таулары - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Альп таулары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ئالپ تاغلىرى - Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالپ تاغلىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Альпи - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альпи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="الپس - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الپس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alplar" title="Alplar - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alplar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe - Feniseg" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Feniseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%27pad" title="Al'pad - Feps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Al'pad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Feps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anp%C6%A1" title="Anpơ - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anpơ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpn" title="Alpn - Fflemeg Gorllewinol" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Alpn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Fflemeg Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿尔卑斯山 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔卑斯山" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IiAlps" title="IiAlps - Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IiAlps" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ალპეფი - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალპეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="אלפן - Iddew-Almaeneg" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלפן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿尔卑斯山 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔卑斯山" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿爾卑斯山 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿爾卑斯山" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1286#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alpau" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Erthygl</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Alpau&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (dim tudalen ar gael) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cymraeg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alpau"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Blwch offer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Blwch offer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alpau"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=history"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Alpau" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Alpau" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Newidiadau perthnasol</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages" title="Rhestr o'r holl dudalennau arbennig [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Tudalennau arbennig</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&oldid=11856509" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon"><span>Dolen barhaol</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon"><span>Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Alpau&id=11856509&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon"><span>Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlpau"><span>Cael URL byr</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlpau"><span>Lawrlwytho cod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Alpau"><span>Llunio llyfr</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Alpau&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lawrlwytho fel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Fersiwn argraffu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alps" hreflang="en"><span>Comin Wikimedia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1286" title="Cysylltu i eitem ystorfa gysylltiedig [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Eitem Wicidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Alpau</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Mont_Blanc_oct_2004.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mont_Blanc_oct_2004.JPG/280px-Mont_Blanc_oct_2004.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mont_Blanc_oct_2004.JPG/420px-Mont_Blanc_oct_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mont_Blanc_oct_2004.JPG/560px-Mont_Blanc_oct_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Math</th><td>cadwyn o fynyddoedd <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="center">De-Alpen.ogg <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P443" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cylchfa amser</th><td>UTC+01:00 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddf;">Daearyddiaeth</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Rhan o'r canlynol</th><td>llain Alpid <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P361" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Gwlad</th><td><a href="/wiki/Yr_Almaen" title="Yr Almaen">yr Almaen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awstria" title="Awstria">Awstria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y_Swistir" title="Y Swistir">Y Swistir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc">Ffrainc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yr_Eidal" title="Yr Eidal">yr Eidal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slofenia" title="Slofenia">Slofenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hwngari" title="Hwngari">Hwngari</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P17" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Arwynebedd</th><td>190,000 km² <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P2046" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Uwch y môr</th><td>4,810.9 metr <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P2044" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Yn ffinio gyda</th><td>Alpine foothills <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P47" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cyfesurynnau</th><td>46.5781°N 8.615°E <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P625" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Hyd</th><td>1,200 cilometr <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P2043" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cyfnod daearegol</th><td><a href="/wiki/Oligosen" title="Oligosen">Oligosen</a>, Tertiary <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P2348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="8" data-lat="46.5781" data-lon="8.615" data-overlays="["_08a34d5db679040ad1cbace09a1b3ae1c0fec0de"]" href="/wiki/Arbennig:Map/8/46.5781/8.615/cy"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,46.5781,8.615,280x250.png?lang=cy&domain=cy.wikipedia.org&title=Alpau&revid=11856509&groups=_08a34d5db679040ad1cbace09a1b3ae1c0fec0de" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,46.5781,8.615,280x250@2x.png?lang=cy&domain=cy.wikipedia.org&title=Alpau&revid=11856509&groups=_08a34d5db679040ad1cbace09a1b3ae1c0fec0de 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:DEMAlpesEW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/DEMAlpesEW.png/270px-DEMAlpesEW.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/DEMAlpesEW.png/405px-DEMAlpesEW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/DEMAlpesEW.png/540px-DEMAlpesEW.png 2x" data-file-width="2089" data-file-height="1245" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Deunydd</th><td><a href="/wiki/Craig_igneaidd" title="Craig igneaidd">craig igneaidd</a>, flysch, molasse, craig fetamorffig, craig waddodol <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286?uselang=cy#P186" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tudalen Comin"><img alt="Tudalen Comin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alps" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alps">Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Comin</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286" class="extiw" title="d:Q1286">golygwch ar Wicidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Mont_Blanc_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mont_Blanc_003.jpg/250px-Mont_Blanc_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mont_Blanc_003.jpg/375px-Mont_Blanc_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Mont_Blanc_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>, mynydd uchaf yr Alpau.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae'r <b>Alpau</b> (yn hanesyddol <b>Mynydd Mynnau</b>) yn gadwyn o <a href="/wiki/Mynydd" title="Mynydd">fynyddoedd</a> yng nghanol <a href="/wiki/Ewrop" title="Ewrop">Ewrop</a>. Y mynydd uchaf yw <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>, sy'n 4,810 medr o uchder. Mae'r mynyddoedd uchaf yn <a href="/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc">Ffrainc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y_Swistir" title="Y Swistir">Y Swistir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awstria" title="Awstria">Awstria</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Eidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Eidal">Eidal</a>, ond mae rhannau is o'r Alpau hefyd yn <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slofenia" title="Slofenia">Slofenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yr_Almaen" title="Yr Almaen">Yr Almaen</a> a <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>. Mae'r gadwyn hon o fynyddoedd yn ymestyn 1,200 km (750 milltir) o'r gorllewin i'r dwyrain ar hyd 8 gwlad. </p><p>Mae'r Alpau Gorllewinol yn dechrau gerllaw <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_y_Canoldir" class="mw-redirect" title="Môr y Canoldir">Môr y Canoldir</a> ac yn ymestyn hyd y <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>. Mae'r Alpau Canol yn ymestyn o'r Valais hyd <a href="/wiki/Grisons" class="mw-redirect" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>, a'r Alpau Dwyrieiniol ym ymestyn ymlaen o Grisons i'r dwyrain a'r de. </p><p>Mae'r bwa Alpaidd yn gyffredinol yn ymestyn o <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> ar orllewin Môr y Canoldir i <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> ar yr Adriatig a <a href="/wiki/Fienna" title="Fienna">Fienna</a>. Ffurfiwyd y mynyddoedd dros ddegau o filiynau o flynyddoedd yn ôl wrth i'r <a href="/wiki/Tectoneg_platiau" title="Tectoneg platiau">platiau tectonig</a> Affricanaidd ac Ewrasiaidd wrthdaro. Arweiniodd hyn at greigiau gwaddodol morol yn codi'n gopaon uchel fel <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a>. </p><p>Mae Mont Blanc yn rhychwantu'r ffin rhwng Ffrainc a'r Eidal, ac ar 4,809 metr (15,778 tr) hwn yw'r mynydd uchaf yn yr Alpau. Ceir 128 copa uwch na 4,000 metr yn yr ardal Alpaidd. Mae uchder a maint yr gadwen yn effeithio ar yr <a href="/wiki/Hinsawdd" title="Hinsawdd">hinsawdd</a> yn Ewrop; yn y mynyddoedd, mae lefelau <a href="/wiki/Dyodiad" title="Dyodiad">dyodiad</a> yn amrywio'n fawr ac mae amodau hinsoddol yn cynnwys parthau gwahanol iawn. Gwelir yr ibex yn y copaon uwch i ddrychiadau o 3,400 metr ac mae planhigion fel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edelweiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edelweiss (dim tudalen ar gael)">Edelweiss</a> yn tyfu mewn ardaloedd creigiog. </p><p>Mae tystiolaeth o bobl yn byw yn yr Alpau yn mynd yn ôl i <a href="/wiki/Hen_Oes_y_Cerrig" title="Hen Oes y Cerrig">Hen Oes y Cerrig</a> (Paleolithig). Ym Medi 1991 darganfuwyd corff dyn mewn rhew, a elwir bellach yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96tzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ötzi (dim tudalen ar gael)">Ötzi</a> a drigai yn yr ardal rhwng 3350 a 3105 CC. Erbyn y <a href="/wiki/6g" class="mw-redirect" title="6g">6g</a> CC, roedd y <a href="/wiki/Diwylliant_La_T%C3%A8ne" title="Diwylliant La Tène">diwylliant Celtaidd La Tène</a> wedi'i hen sefydlu drwy'r rhan hon o Ewrop. Croesodd <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a> yr Alpau a gyr o eliffantod, ac bu'r <a href="/wiki/Rhufain_hynafol" title="Rhufain hynafol">Rhufeiniaid</a> hefyd yn y rhanbarth am gyfnod byr. Ym 1800, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc" title="Napoleon I, ymerawdwr Ffrainc">croesodd Napoleon</a> un o'r bylchau, gyda byddin o 40,000. Yn y <a href="/wiki/18fed_ganrif" title="18fed ganrif">18fed</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/19g" class="mw-redirect" title="19g">19g</a> gwelwyd mewnlifiad o naturiaethwyr, awduron ac artistiaid, yn benodol, y <a href="/wiki/Rhamantiaeth" title="Rhamantiaeth">Rhamantwyr</a>, ac yna oes aur Alpiniaidd wrth i fynyddwyr ddechrau esgyn i'r copaon. </p><p>Mae gan y rhanbarth Alpaidd hunaniaeth ddiwylliannol gref. Mae'r diwylliant traddodiadol o ffermio, gwneud <a href="/wiki/Caws" title="Caws">caws</a> a chrefftau pren yn dal i fodoli mewn pentrefi Alpaidd, er i'r diwydiant <a href="/wiki/Twristiaeth" title="Twristiaeth">twristiaeth</a> ddechrau tyfu'n gynnar yn yr <a href="/wiki/20g" class="mw-redirect" title="20g">20g</a> ac ehangu'n fawr ar ôl yr <a href="/wiki/Ail_Ryfel_Byd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ail Ryfel Byd">Ail Ryfel Byd</a> i ddod yn brif ddiwydiant erbyn diwedd y ganrif. Mae'r Alpau yn eithriadol o boblogaidd yn enwedig gan ddringwyr a cherddwyr. Efallai mai'r sialens enwocaf yn yr Alpau yw dringo wyneb gogleddol yr <a href="/wiki/Eiger" title="Eiger">Eiger</a> yn y Swistir. </p><p>Mae <a href="/wiki/Gemau_Olympaidd_y_Gaeaf" title="Gemau Olympaidd y Gaeaf">Gemau Olympaidd y Gaeaf</a> wedi cael eu cynnal yn Alpau'r Swistir, Ffrainc, yr Eidal, Awstria a'r Almaen. Yn y <a href="/wiki/2020au" title="2020au">2020au</a> roedd gan rhanbarth yn gartref i 14 miliwn o bobl ac mae ganddo 120 miliwn o ymwelwyr blynyddol.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatré8_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatré8-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geirdarddiad">Geirdarddiad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Geirdarddiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geirdarddiad"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nid oes sicrwydd o ble daw y gair "Alpau". Gall fod o iaith <a href="/wiki/Celtiaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtiaid">Geltaidd</a>, neu o'r gair <a href="/wiki/Lladin" title="Lladin">Lladin</a> <i>albos</i> (gwyn). Mae rhai'n meddwl bod yr enw "alpau" a'r "Alban" yn dod o'r un gwreiddiau, unai o gwreiddyn indo-ewropeaidd, neu iaith henach, hyd yn oed. Daw'r gair <i>Alpau</i> o'r <a href="/wiki/Lladin" title="Lladin">Lladin</a> <i>Alpes</i>. Yn ei dro, daw'r gair Lladin <i>Alpes</i> o'r ansoddair <i>albws</i> ac <i>albos</i><sup id="cite_ref-etymonline.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("gwyn") o bosibl, neu efallai o enw'r dduwies Roegaidd Alphito, y mae ei henw'n gysylltiedig ag <i>alffita</i>, y "blawd gwyn"; <i>alffos</i>, gwahanglwyf gwyn diflas; ac yn olaf y gair <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Ewropeg" title="Proto-Indo-Ewropeg">Proto-Indo-Ewropeaidd</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%80%A0%F0%92%89%BA%F0%92%80%B8#Hittite" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:𒀠𒉺𒀸">* albʰós</a>. Yn yr un modd, mae'r duw afon Alpheus hefyd yn deillio o <i>alffos</i> (Groeg) ac sy'n golygu gwyn.  </p><p>Yn ei sylwebaeth ar yr <i>Aeneid gan</i> <a href="/wiki/Fyrsil" title="Fyrsil">Vergil</a>, dywed y gramadegydd o ddiwedd y <a href="/wiki/19g" class="mw-redirect" title="19g">19g</a> Maurus Servius Honoratus mai'r term <a href="/wiki/Celtiaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtiaid">Celtiaid</a> am yr holl fynyddoedd uchel oedd <i>Alpes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ystyr 'Mynnau' yw 'geifr bach', lluosog y gair 'myn gafr'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daearyddiaeth">Daearyddiaeth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Daearyddiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Daearyddiaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae'r Alpau yn nodwedd ddaearyddol siâp cilgant neu fwa, yng nghanol Ewrop ac sy'n rhychwantu 800 km mewn llinell grom o'r dwyrain i'r gorllewin ac sy'n 200 km o led yn ei anterth. Uchder cymedrig copaon y mynyddoedd yw 2.5 km (1.6 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Ceben_22–24_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceben_22–24-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r amrediad yn ymestyn o'r <a href="/wiki/Y_M%C3%B4r_Canoldir" title="Y Môr Canoldir">Môr Canoldir</a> i'r gogledd uwchben <a href="/wiki/Afon_Po" title="Afon Po">basn Afon Po</a>, gan ymestyn trwy Ffrainc o <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, ac i'r dwyrain trwy ganol a de'r Swistir. Mae'r amrediad yn parhau tuag at <a href="/wiki/Fienna" title="Fienna">Fienna</a>, Awstria, ac i'r dwyrain i'r <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Adria" title="Môr Adria">Môr Adria</a> a <a href="/wiki/Slofenia" title="Slofenia">Slofenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatré9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatré9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beattie_xii–xiii_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beattie_xii–xiii-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I'r de mae'n dipio i ogledd yr Eidal ac i'r gogledd mae'n ymestyn i ffin ddeheuol <a href="/wiki/Bafaria" title="Bafaria">Bafaria</a> yn yr Almaen.<sup id="cite_ref-Beattie_xii–xiii_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beattie_xii–xiii-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mewn ardaloedd fel Chiasso, y Swistir, ac Allgäu, Bafaria, mae'r ffiniau rhwng y mynyddoedd a'r gwastadeddau'n glir; mewn lleoedd eraill fel <a href="/wiki/Genefa" title="Genefa">Genefa</a>, mae'r ffiniau'n llai eglur. </p><p>Y gwledydd sydd â'r diriogaeth alpaidd fwyaf yw Awstria (28.7% o gyfanswm yr arwynebedd), yr Eidal (27.2%), Ffrainc (21.4%) a'r Swistir (13.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:2011-03-07_10-04-52_Austria_Vorarlberg_Hirschau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2011-03-07_10-04-52_Austria_Vorarlberg_Hirschau.jpg/250px-2011-03-07_10-04-52_Austria_Vorarlberg_Hirschau.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2011-03-07_10-04-52_Austria_Vorarlberg_Hirschau.jpg/375px-2011-03-07_10-04-52_Austria_Vorarlberg_Hirschau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2011-03-07_10-04-52_Austria_Vorarlberg_Hirschau.jpg/500px-2011-03-07_10-04-52_Austria_Vorarlberg_Hirschau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4179" data-file-height="2775" /></a><figcaption> Golygfa o'r awyr o'r Alpau ( <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a> )</figcaption></figure> <p>Rhennir y rhan uchaf o'r amrediad gan gafn rhewlifol <a href="/wiki/Afon_Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Afon Rhône">dyffryn Rhône</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> i'r <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a> a Monte Rosa ar yr ochr ddeheuol, ac Alpau Bernese ar y gogledd. Mae'r copaon yn rhan ddwyreiniol yr ystod, yn Awstria a Slofenia, yn llai na'r rhai yn y rhannau canolog a gorllewinol.<sup id="cite_ref-Beattie_xii–xiii_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beattie_xii–xiii-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Lanersbach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lanersbach.jpg/220px-Lanersbach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lanersbach.jpg/330px-Lanersbach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lanersbach.jpg/440px-Lanersbach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption> Dyffryn Tuxertal <a href="/wiki/Tirol_(talaith)" title="Tirol (talaith)">yn Tirol</a>, Awstria</figcaption></figure> <p>Gorwedd pen gogledd-ddwyreiniol y bwa Alpaidd ar lan <a href="/wiki/Afon_Donaw" title="Afon Donaw">Afon Donaw</a> (y Danube) ger <a href="/wiki/Fienna" title="Fienna">Fienna</a>, sy'n llifo i'r <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Du" class="mw-redirect" title="Môr Du">Môr Du</a>, a'i enw yw'r Leopoldsberg. Mewn cyferbyniad, mae rhan dde-ddwyreiniol yr Alpau yn gorffen ar y <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Adria" title="Môr Adria">Môr Adria</a> yn yr ardal o amgylch <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> tuag at Duino a Barcola.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bylchau">Bylchau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Bylchau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bylchau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Andermatt-Teufelsbruecke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Andermatt-Teufelsbruecke.jpg/220px-Andermatt-Teufelsbruecke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Andermatt-Teufelsbruecke.jpg/330px-Andermatt-Teufelsbruecke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Andermatt-Teufelsbruecke.jpg/440px-Andermatt-Teufelsbruecke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption> <i>Teufelsbrücke</i> (Pont y Diafol) ar y llwybr i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pas_Gotthard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pas Gotthard (dim tudalen ar gael)">Fwlch Gotthard</a>; y bont a ddefnyddir ar hyn o bryd o 1958 dros y bont gyntaf o 1830. Mor debyg i <a href="/wiki/Pontarfynach" title="Pontarfynach">Bontarfynach</a> (Saesneg: <i>Devil's Bridge</i>) yng Nghymru!</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae'r Alpau wedi cael eu croesi ar gyfer rhyfel a masnach, a chan bererinion, myfyrwyr a thwristiaid dros y milenia. 'Bwlch' yw'r enw am y man isaf rhwng dau fynydd, y lle hawddaf i'w croesi fel rheol. Er enghraifft, yng Nghymru, ceir Bwlch Penbarras rhwng Moel Famau a Moel Fenlli.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnox1911740_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox1911740-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yn y cyfnod canoloesol sefydlwyd hosbisau gan urddau crefyddol ar y bylchau hyn.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming_4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming_4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Y bylchau pwysicaf yw'r Col de l'Iseran (yr uchaf), y Col Agnel, Bwlch Brenner, y Mont-Cenis, <a href="/wiki/Bwlch_Sant_Bernard_Mawr" title="Bwlch Sant Bernard Mawr">Bwlch Mawr St. Bernard</a>, y Col de Tende, Bwlch Gotthard, y Bwlch Semmering, <a href="/wiki/Bwlch_Simplon" title="Bwlch Simplon">Bwlch Simplon</a>, a Bwlch Stelvio.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gan groesi'r ffin rhwng yr Eidal ac Awstria, mae Bwlch Brenner yn gwahanu'r Alpau Ötztal ac Alpau Zillertal ac mae wedi bod yn cael ei ddefnyddio fel llwybr masnachu ers y <a href="/wiki/14g" class="mw-redirect" title="14g">14g</a> o leiaf. Mae'r isaf o'r bylchau Alpaidd yn 985 uwch lefel y môr sef y Semmering yn croesi o <a href="/wiki/Awstria_Isaf" title="Awstria Isaf">Awstria Isaf</a> i <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a>; ers y <a href="/wiki/12g" class="mw-redirect" title="12g">12g</a> pan adeiladwyd hosbis yno, mae wedi gweld defnydd parhaus. Codwyd rheilffordd gyda thwnnel un filltir o hyd ar y llwybr yng nghanol y <a href="/wiki/19g" class="mw-redirect" title="19g">19g</a>. Gyda chopa o 2,469 m mae Bwlch Mawr St. Bernard yn un o'r uchaf yn yr Alpau, gan groesi'r ffin rhwng yr Eidal a'r Swistir i'r dwyrain o Alpau Pennine ar hyd ochrau Mont Blanc. Defnyddiwyd y bwlch hwn gan <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc" title="Napoleon I, ymerawdwr Ffrainc">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> i groesi 40,000 o filwyr ym 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-switz_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-switz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ar 1 Mehefin 2016 agorwyd twnnel rheilffordd hiraf y byd, sef <a href="/w/index.php?title=Twnnel_Sylfaen_Gotthard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twnnel Sylfaen Gotthard (dim tudalen ar gael)">Twnnel Sylfaen Gotthard</a>, sy'n cysylltu Erstfeld yng <a href="/wiki/Uri" title="Uri">nghanton Uri</a> â Bodio yng <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Nghanton Ticino</a> gan ddau diwb sengl o 57.1 km.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Y bwlch uchaf yn yr Alpau yw'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Col_de_l%27Iseran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col de l'Iseran (dim tudalen ar gael)">col de l'Iseran</a> yn Savoy (Ffrainc) sydd yn 2,770 m ac yna Bwlch Stelvio yng ngogledd yr Eidal sy'n 2,756 uwch lefel y môr; adeiladwyd y ffordd yn y 1820au.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mynyddoedd_dros_4,000_medr"><span id="Mynyddoedd_dros_4.2C000_medr"></span>Mynyddoedd dros 4,000 medr</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Mynyddoedd dros 4,000 medr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Mynyddoedd dros 4,000 medr"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae'r <i>Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme</i> (UIAA) wedi diffinio rhestr o 82 o begynau Alpaidd "swyddogol" sy'n cyrraedd o leiaf 4,000 metr (13,123 tr).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r rhestr yn cynnwys nid yn unig mynyddoedd, ond hefyd pegynau heb fawr o amlygrwydd rhyngddynt, sy'n cael eu hystyried yn <a href="/wiki/Mynydda" title="Mynydda">fynyddoedd pwysig i'r dringwyr mynydd.</a> Isod, rhestrir y 29 "pedair mil" gydag o leiaf 300 m o amlygrwydd rhyngddynt. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption>yddoedd uchaf yr Alpau sy'n cyrraedd dros 4,000 medr o uchder, ac amlygrwydd o dros 300 tr<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">Name </th> <th align="left">Height </th> <th align="left">Name </th> <th align="left">Height </th> <th align="left">Name </th> <th align="left">Height </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> </td> <td>4810 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grandes_Jorasses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grandes Jorasses (dim tudalen ar gael)">Grandes Jorasses</a> </td> <td>4208 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barre_des_%C3%89crins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barre des Écrins (dim tudalen ar gael)">Barre des Écrins</a> </td> <td>4102 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Rosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Rosa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Monte Rosa</a> </td> <td>4634 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphubel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphubel (dim tudalen ar gael)">Alphubel</a> </td> <td>4206 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schreckhorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schreckhorn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Schreckhorn</a> </td> <td>4078 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dom_(Mischabel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dom (Mischabel) (dim tudalen ar gael)">Dom</a> </td> <td>4545 m </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rimpfischhorn" title="Rimpfischhorn">Rimpfischhorn</a> </td> <td>4199 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ober_Gabelhorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ober Gabelhorn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Ober Gabelhorn</a> </td> <td>4063 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyskamm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyskamm (dim tudalen ar gael)">Lyskamm</a> </td> <td>4533 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aletschhorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aletschhorn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Aletschhorn</a> </td> <td>4193 m </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gran_Paradiso" title="Gran Paradiso">Gran Paradiso</a> </td> <td>4061 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weisshorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weisshorn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Weisshorn</a> </td> <td>4506 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strahlhorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strahlhorn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Strahlhorn</a> </td> <td>4190 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piz_Bernina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piz Bernina (dim tudalen ar gael)">Piz Bernina</a> </td> <td>4049 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a> </td> <td>4478 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dent_d%27H%C3%A9rens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dent d'Hérens (dim tudalen ar gael)">Dent d'Hérens</a> </td> <td>4174 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gross_Fiescherhorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gross Fiescherhorn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Gross Fiescherhorn</a> </td> <td>4049 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dent_Blanche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dent Blanche (dim tudalen ar gael)">Dent Blanche</a> </td> <td>4357 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breithorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breithorn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Breithorn</a> </td> <td>4164 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gross_Gr%C3%BCnhorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gross Grünhorn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Gross Grünhorn</a> </td> <td>4047 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Combin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Combin (dim tudalen ar gael)">Grand Combin</a> </td> <td>4314 m </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jungfrau" title="Jungfrau">Jungfrau</a> </td> <td>4158 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weissmies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weissmies (dim tudalen ar gael)">Weissmies</a> </td> <td>4017 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finsteraarhorn" title="Finsteraarhorn">Finsteraarhorn</a> </td> <td>4274 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aiguille_Verte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aiguille Verte (dim tudalen ar gael)">Aiguille Verte</a> </td> <td>4122 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lagginhorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lagginhorn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Lagginhorn</a> </td> <td>4010 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinalrothorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinalrothorn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Zinalrothorn</a> </td> <td>4221 m </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B6nch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mönch (dim tudalen ar gael)">Mönch</a> </td> <td>4107 m </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dinasoedd_mwyaf">Dinasoedd mwyaf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Dinasoedd mwyaf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Dinasoedd mwyaf"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Y ddinas fwyaf yn yr Alpau yw dinas <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> yn <a href="/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc">Ffrainc</a>. Mae dinasoedd mawr a phwysig eraill yn yr Alpau gyda dros 100,000 o drigolion yn cynnwys y <a href="/wiki/Tirol" title="Tirol">Tyrol</a> gyda <a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yr_Eidal" title="Yr Eidal">yr Eidal</a>), <a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yr_Eidal" title="Yr Eidal">yr Eidal</a>) ac <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a> (<a href="/wiki/Awstria" title="Awstria">Awstria</a>). Y dinasoedd mwyaf y tu allan i'r Alpau yw <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torino" title="Torino">Turin</a> (yr Eidal), <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">Munich</a> (yr Almaen), <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fienna" title="Fienna">Fienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> (Awstria), <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a>, Kranj (Slofenia), <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich">Zurich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genefa" title="Genefa">Genefa</a> (y Swistir), <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> a <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (Ffrainc). </p><p>Dinasoedd â dros 100,000 o drigolion yn yr Alpau yw: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable zebra"> <tbody><tr> <th>Safle </th> <th>Dinesig </th> <th>Cyd-breswylwyr </th> <th>Gwlad </th> <th>Rhanbarth </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Blason_ville_fr_Grenoble_(Isere).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Blason_ville_fr_Grenoble_%28Isere%29.svg/35px-Blason_ville_fr_Grenoble_%28Isere%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Blason_ville_fr_Grenoble_%28Isere%29.svg/54px-Blason_ville_fr_Grenoble_%28Isere%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Blason_ville_fr_Grenoble_%28Isere%29.svg/71px-Blason_ville_fr_Grenoble_%28Isere%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> </td> <td align="right">162,780 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc">Ffrainc</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/35px-Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/53px-Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/70px-Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:AUT_Innsbruck_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/AUT_Innsbruck_COA.svg/35px-AUT_Innsbruck_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/AUT_Innsbruck_COA.svg/53px-AUT_Innsbruck_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/AUT_Innsbruck_COA.svg/70px-AUT_Innsbruck_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a> </td> <td align="right">132,236 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Awstria" title="Awstria">Awstria</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:AUT_Tirol_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/AUT_Tirol_COA.svg/35px-AUT_Tirol_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/AUT_Tirol_COA.svg/52px-AUT_Tirol_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/AUT_Tirol_COA.svg/69px-AUT_Tirol_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="555" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tirol_(talaith)" title="Tirol (talaith)">Tyrol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Trient.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trient.JPG/35px-Trient.JPG" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trient.JPG/53px-Trient.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trient.JPG/71px-Trient.JPG 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="255" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a> </td> <td align="right">117,417 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yr_Eidal" title="Yr Eidal">Yr Eidal</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/53px-Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige" title="Trentino-Alto Adige">Trentino-De Tyrol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:ITA_Bolzano_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ITA_Bolzano_COA.svg/36px-ITA_Bolzano_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ITA_Bolzano_COA.svg/54px-ITA_Bolzano_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ITA_Bolzano_COA.svg/71px-ITA_Bolzano_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="520" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a> / Bozen </td> <td align="right">106,951 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yr_Eidal" title="Yr Eidal">Yr Eidal</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/53px-Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige" title="Trentino-Alto Adige">Trentino-De Tyrol</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cludiant">Cludiant</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Cludiant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Cludiant"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:ZB_Interregio_mit_HGe_101_bei_Niederried.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ZB_Interregio_mit_HGe_101_bei_Niederried.jpg/220px-ZB_Interregio_mit_HGe_101_bei_Niederried.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ZB_Interregio_mit_HGe_101_bei_Niederried.jpg/330px-ZB_Interregio_mit_HGe_101_bei_Niederried.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ZB_Interregio_mit_HGe_101_bei_Niederried.jpg/440px-ZB_Interregio_mit_HGe_101_bei_Niederried.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4740" data-file-height="2926" /></a><figcaption>Trên Zentralbahn Interregio yn dilyn traethlin Llyn Brienz, ger Niederried yn y Swistir</figcaption></figure> <p>Gwasanaethir y rhanbarth gan 4,200 km o ffyrdd a ddefnyddir gan chwe miliwn o gerbydau'r flwyddyn.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatré8_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatré8-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae teithio ar drên wedi'i hen sefydlu yn yr Alpau, gyda 120 km o drac am bob 1,000 km sg mewn gwlad fel y Swistir.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r rhan fwyaf o reilffyrdd uchaf Ewrop wedi'u lleoli yno. Yn 2007 agorwyd twnnel 34.57 km o'r enw Twnnel Lötschberg. Ar 1 Mehefin 2016 agorwyd Twnnel Sylfaen Gotthard sy'n 57.1 km (35.5 milltir) o hyd ac yn gwireddu'r llwybr gwastad cyntaf trwy'r Alpau.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mewn cymhariaeth, byddai twnnel o'r un maint yng Nghymru yn ymestyn o Fangor, o dan Eryri, i Ddolgellau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mwynau">Mwynau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Mwynau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Mwynau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae'r Alpau'n ffynhonnell mwynau sydd wedi'u cloddio am filoedd o flynyddoedd. Yn yr <a href="/wiki/8fed_ganrif_CC" title="8fed ganrif CC">8fed</a> i'r <a href="/wiki/6g_CC" class="mw-redirect" title="6g CC">6g CC</a> yn ystod y <a href="/wiki/Y_diwylliant_Hallstatt" title="Y diwylliant Hallstatt">diwylliant Hallstatt</a>, roedd llwythau <a href="/wiki/Celtaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtaidd">Celtaidd</a> yn cloddio copr; yn ddiweddarach bu'r Rhufeiniaid yn cloddio aur am ddarnau arian yn ardal Bad Gastein. Mae Erzberg yn <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria yn</a> gyfoethog ei fwyn haearn, sydd o ansawdd uchel ar gyfer y diwydiant dur a cheir crisialau, fel cinnabar, <a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">amethyst</a>, a chwarts, i'w cael ledled llawer o'r rhanbarth Alpaidd. Mae'r dyddodion cinnabar yn <a href="/wiki/Slofenia" title="Slofenia">Slofenia</a> yn ffynhonnell nodedig o bigmentau cinnabar.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Casglwyd ac astudiwyd crisialau alpaidd am gannoedd o flynyddoedd, a dechreuwyd eu dosbarthu yn y <a href="/wiki/18g" class="mw-redirect" title="18g">18g</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Astudiodd Leonhard Euler</a> siapiau crisialau, ac erbyn y <a href="/wiki/19g" class="mw-redirect" title="19g">19g</a> roedd hel grisial yn gyffredin mewn rhanbarthau Alpaidd. Casglodd David Friedrich Wiser gasgliad o 8,000 o grisialau a astudiodd ac a ddogfennodd. Yn yr <a href="/wiki/20g" class="mw-redirect" title="20g">20g</a> ysgrifennodd Robert Parker waith adnabyddus am grisialau creigiau Alpau'r Swistir; ar yr un cyfnod sefydlwyd comisiwn i reoli a safoni enwi mwynau Alpaidd.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rhewlifoedd">Rhewlifoedd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: Rhewlifoedd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Rhewlifoedd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn yr <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AFosen" title="Mïosen">Epoc</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AFosen" title="Mïosen">Mïosen</a> bu erydiad difrifol i'r mynyddoedd oherwydd rhewlifiant,<sup id="cite_ref-Gerrard16_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerrard16-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a gofnodwyd yng nghanol y 19g gan y naturiaethwr <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a> a gyflwynodd bapur yn cyhoeddi bod yr Alpau wedi'u gorchuddio â rhew ar wahanol gyfnodau - theori a ffurfiodd wrth astudio creigiau ger ei gartref yn <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" class="mw-disambig" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>. Credai y tarddodd y rhewlif i'r gorllewin yn y Bernese Oberland. Oherwydd ei waith daeth i gael ei adnabod fel "tad y cysyniad o oes yr iâ" er bod naturiaethwyr eraill o'i flaen wedi cyflwyno syniadau tebyg.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoumatoff63ff_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoumatoff63ff-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Aletschgebiet_aus_dem_Flugzeug.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Aletschgebiet_aus_dem_Flugzeug.jpg/220px-Aletschgebiet_aus_dem_Flugzeug.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Aletschgebiet_aus_dem_Flugzeug.jpg/330px-Aletschgebiet_aus_dem_Flugzeug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Aletschgebiet_aus_dem_Flugzeug.jpg/440px-Aletschgebiet_aus_dem_Flugzeug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption> Dangosodd astudiaethau <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a> o Rewlif Unteraar yn y <a href="/wiki/1840au" title="1840au">1840au</a> i'r rhewlif symud tua 100 metr (328 tr) y flwyddyn<sup id="cite_ref-Shoumatoff63ff_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoumatoff63ff-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Astudiodd Agassiz symudiad Rhewlif Unteraar yn y 1840au a gwelodd fod y rhewlif wedi symud 100 metr y flwyddyn - yn gyflymach yn y canol nag ar yr ymylon. Parhawyd â'i waith gan wyddonwyr eraill ac erbyn hyn mae labordy parhaol yn bodoli y tu mewn i rewlif o dan y Jungfraujoch, wedi'i neilltuo'n benodol i astudio rhewlifoedd Alpaidd.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoumatoff63ff_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoumatoff63ff-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Jungfraujoch_img_3699.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jungfraujoch_img_3699.jpg/220px-Jungfraujoch_img_3699.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jungfraujoch_img_3699.jpg/330px-Jungfraujoch_img_3699.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jungfraujoch_img_3699.jpg/440px-Jungfraujoch_img_3699.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Y tu mewn i rewlif ar ben yr orsaf reilffordd yn y Jungfraujoch</figcaption></figure> <p>Gall rhewlifoedd alpaidd fod yn afonydd syth o rew, afonydd ysgubol hir, wedi'u taenu mewn siâp tebyg i wnytyll (rhewlifoedd Piedmont), a llenni o rew sy'n hongian o lethrau fertigol copaon y mynyddoedd. Mae straen y symudiad yn achosi i'r rhew dorri a chracio'n uchel, gan egluro efallai pam y credwyd bod y mynyddoedd yn gartref i ddreigiau yn y cyfnod canoloesol. Mae'r cracio yn creu holltau anrhagweladwy a pheryglus, yn aml yn anweledig o dan eira newydd, sy'n achosi'r perygl mwyaf i fynyddwyr.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoumatoff71ff_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoumatoff71ff-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afonydd_a_llynnoedd">Afonydd a llynnoedd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Afonydd a llynnoedd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Afonydd a llynnoedd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg/220px-St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg/330px-St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg/440px-St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption> Mae capel Sant Bartholomew ar y Königssee ym <a href="/wiki/Bafaria" title="Bafaria">Mafaria</a> yn gyrchfan boblogaidd i dwristiaid<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Mae'r Alpau yn darparu dŵr yfed, dŵr dyfrhau caeau amaethyddol a phŵer trydan dŵr, islaw yn iseldir Ewrop.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er mai dim ond tua 11% o arwynebedd Ewrop yw'r ardal, mae'r Alpau yn darparu hyd at 90% o ddŵr i iseldir Ewrop, yn enwedig i ardaloedd cras ac yn ystod misoedd yr haf. Mae dinasoedd fel Milan yn dibynnu ar 80% o ddŵr ffo Alpaidd.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatré9_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatré9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Benniston_et_al._2011,_1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benniston_et_al._2011,_1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Defnyddir dŵr o'r afonydd mewn dros 500 <a href="/wiki/Egni_hydro" title="Egni hydro">o weithfeydd pŵer trydan dŵr</a>, gan gynhyrchu cyfanswm o 2,900 GWh o drydan.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatré8_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatré8-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae afonydd mawr Ewrop yn llifo o'r Alpau, e.e. y <a href="/wiki/Afon_Rhein" title="Afon Rhein">Rhein</a>, y <a href="/wiki/Afon_Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Afon Rhône">Rhône</a>, yr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inn (dim tudalen ar gael)">Inn</a>, a'r <a href="/wiki/Afon_Po" title="Afon Po">Po</a>, y mae gan bob un ohonynt flaenddyfroedd a nentydd yn yr Alpau ac yn llifo i wledydd cyfagos, gan wagio o'r diwedd i <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_y_Gogledd" title="Môr y Gogledd">Fôr y Gogledd</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_y_Canoldir" class="mw-redirect" title="Môr y Canoldir">Môr y Canoldir</a>, yr <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Adria" title="Môr Adria">Môr Adria</a>, a'r <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Du" class="mw-redirect" title="Môr Du">Môr</a> <a href="/wiki/Y_M%C3%B4r_Du" title="Y Môr Du">Du</a> . Mae gan afonydd eraill fel <a href="/wiki/Afon_Donaw" title="Afon Donaw">Afon Donaw</a> isafonydd mawr sy'n llifo iddynt ac sy'n tarddu o'r Alpau.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatré9_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatré9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae'r Rhône yn ail i'r <a href="/wiki/Afon_N%C3%AEl" title="Afon Nîl">Nile</a> fel ffynhonnell dŵr croyw sy'n gwagio i Fôr y Canoldir; mae'r afon yn cychwyn fel dŵr tawdd rhewlifol, yn llifo i <a href="/wiki/Llyn_L%C3%A9man" title="Llyn Léman">Lyn Genefa</a>, ac oddi yno i Ffrainc lle defnyddir y dŵr i oeri gorsafoedd <a href="/wiki/Atomfa" title="Atomfa">pŵer niwclear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Benniston_et_al._2011,_3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benniston_et_al._2011,_3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r Rhein yn tarddu mewn 30 km sg o fewn y Swistir ac yn cynrychioli bron i 60% o'r dŵr sy'n cael ei allforio o'r wlad.<sup id="cite_ref-Benniston_et_al._2011,_3_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benniston_et_al._2011,_3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceir cymoedd isafonydd cymhleth, sy'n sianelu dŵr i'r prif ddyffrynnoedd a all ddioddef llifogydd yn ystod y tymor eira pan gwelir llawer o ddŵr ffo, tawdd.<sup id="cite_ref-Ceben_1998,_31_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceben_1998,_31-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae'r afonydd yn ffurfio llynnoedd, fel <a href="/wiki/Llyn_Genefa" class="mw-redirect" title="Llyn Genefa">Llyn Genefa</a>, llyn siâp cilgant sy'n croesi ffin y Swistir gyda <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> ar ochr y Swistir a thref <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89vian-les-Bains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Évian-les-Bains (dim tudalen ar gael)">Evian-les-Bains</a> ar ochr Ffrainc. Yn yr Almaen, adeiladwyd capel canoloesol Sant Bartholomew ar ochr ddeheuol y Königssee, y gellir ei gyrraedd mewn cwch yn unig neu trwy ddringo dros y copaon cyffiniol.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Altstadt_von_Malcesine-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Altstadt_von_Malcesine-2.jpg/220px-Altstadt_von_Malcesine-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Altstadt_von_Malcesine-2.jpg/330px-Altstadt_von_Malcesine-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Altstadt_von_Malcesine-2.jpg/440px-Altstadt_von_Malcesine-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption> Nodweddir llynnoedd rhag-alpaidd, deheuol fel <a href="/wiki/Llyn_Garda" title="Llyn Garda">Llyn Garda</a> gan <a href="/wiki/Meicrohinsawdd" title="Meicrohinsawdd">ficrohinsoddau</a> cynhesach na'r ardaloedd cyfagos</figcaption></figure> <p>Yn ogystal, mae'r Alpau wedi arwain at greu llynnoedd mawr yn yr Eidal. Er enghraifft, mae'r Sarca, prif fewnlif <a href="/wiki/Llyn_Garda" title="Llyn Garda">Llyn Garda</a>, yn tarddu o Alpau'r Eidal. Bu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llynnoedd_Eidalaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llynnoedd Eidalaidd (dim tudalen ar gael)">Llynnoedd yr Eidal</a> yn gyrchfan boblogaidd i dwristiaid ers y Cyfnod Rhufeinig oherwydd eu hinsawdd fwyn a'u golygfeydd trawiadol. </p><p>Mae gwyddonwyr wedi bod yn astudio <a href="/wiki/Effeithiau_newid_hinsawdd_ar_bobl" title="Effeithiau newid hinsawdd ar bobl">effaith newid hinsawdd</a> a defnyddio dŵr. Er enghraifft, bob blwyddyn mae mwy o ddŵr yn cael ei ddargyfeirio o afonydd ar gyfer gwneud eira yn y cyrchfannau sgïo, nad yw ei effaith yn hysbys eto. Ar ben hynny, gall y gostyngiad mewn ardaloedd rhewlifol ynghyd ag olyniaeth o aeafau â dyodiad is na'r disgwyl gael effaith yn y dyfodol ar yr afonydd yn yr Alpau yn ogystal ag effaith ar argaeledd dŵr i'r iseldiroedd.<sup id="cite_ref-Benniston_et_al._2011,_1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benniston_et_al._2011,_1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hinsawdd">Hinsawdd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Golygu'r adran: Hinsawdd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Hinsawdd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae'r Alpau yn enghraifft glasurol o'r hyn sy'n digwydd pan fydd <a href="/wiki/Hinsawdd_dymherus" title="Hinsawdd dymherus">ardal dymherus</a> ar uchder is yn ildio i dir drychiad uwch. Oherwydd hyn, mae drychiadau ledled y byd sydd â hinsoddau oer tebyg i rai'r <a href="/wiki/Pegynau%27r_Ddaear" title="Pegynau'r Ddaear">rhanbarthau pegynol</a> wedi cael eu galw'n Alpaidd. Mae codi o lefel y môr i ranbarthau uchaf yr <a href="/wiki/Atmosffer" title="Atmosffer">atmosffer</a> yn achosi i'r tymheredd ostwng. Effaith cadwyni mynydd ar y prifwyntoedd yw cludo aer cynnes sy'n perthyn i'r rhanbarth isaf i barth uwch, lle mae'n ehangu mewn cyfaint ar y gost o golli tymheredd, a hynny'n gymesur, yn aml ynghyd â dyodiad ar ffurf eira neu law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnox1911_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox1911-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae uchder yr Alpau yn ddigon i wahanu'r patrymau tywydd yn Ewrop yn ogledd gwlyb a de sych oherwydd bod lleithder yn cael ei sugno o'r awyr wrth iddo lifo dros y copaon uchel.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg/220px-Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg/330px-Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg/440px-Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Rhewlif Aletsch gyda choed pinwydd yn tyfu ar ochr y bryn (2007; mae ei wyneb 180 metr yn is na 150 mlynedd yn ôl</figcaption></figure> <p>Astudiwyd y tywydd garw yn yr Alpau ers y <a href="/wiki/18g" class="mw-redirect" title="18g">18g</a>; yn enwedig y patrymau tywydd fel y gwynt foehn tymhorol. Gosodwyd nifer o orsafoedd tywydd yn y mynyddoedd yn gynnar yn yr <a href="/wiki/20g" class="mw-redirect" title="20g">20g</a>, gan ddarparu data parhaus ar gyfer hinsoddegwyr.<sup id="cite_ref-Ceben_22–24_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceben_22–24-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae rhai o'r cymoedd yn eithaf cras fel <a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">dyffryn Aosta</a> yn yr Eidal, y Maurienne yn Ffrainc, y <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> yn y Swistir, a gogledd <a href="/wiki/Tirol_(talaith)" title="Tirol (talaith)">Tyrol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ceben_22–24_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceben_22–24-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rhennir yr Alpau yn bum parth hinsoddol, pob un â llystyfiant gwahanol. Mae'r hinsawdd, bywyd planhigion a bywyd anifeiliaid yn amrywio ymhlith gwahanol rannau neu barthau y mynyddoedd. Y parth isaf yw'r parth <i>colline</i>, sy'n bodoli rhwng 500 a 1,000 metr, yn dibynnu ar y lleoliad. Mae'r parth mynyddig yn ymestyn o 800 i 1,700 metr a'r parth is-Alpaidd o 1,600 i 2,400 metr. Dilynir y parth Alpaidd, sy'n ymestyn o linell y coed i linell eira, gan y parth rhewlifol, sy'n gorchuddio ardaloedd rhewlifol y mynydd. Mae amodau hinsoddol yn dangos amrywiadau o fewn yr un parth; er enghraifft, mae'r tywydd ar ben mynydd, sy'n ymestyn yn uniongyrchol o'r copaon, yn oerach ac yn fwy difrifol na'r rhai ar lawr y dyffryn sy'n tueddu i fod yn llai difrifol ac yn derbyn llai o eira.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rhagamcanwyd modelau amrywiol o <a href="/wiki/Cynhesu_byd_eang" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynhesu byd eang">newid hinsawdd</a> yn yr 22g ar gyfer yr Alpau, gan ddisgwyl y bydd tuedd tuag at dymereddau uwch yn cael effaith ar gwymp eira, rhewlifiant a dŵr ffo'r afonydd.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae newidiadau sylweddol, o darddiad naturiol ac anthropogenig, eisoes wedi'u rhagweld.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecoleg">Ecoleg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Golygu'r adran: Ecoleg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ecoleg"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fflora">Fflora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Golygu'r adran: Fflora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Fflora"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Gentiana_clusii03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gentiana_clusii03.jpg/220px-Gentiana_clusii03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gentiana_clusii03.jpg/330px-Gentiana_clusii03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gentiana_clusii03.jpg/440px-Gentiana_clusii03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Boneddwr di-fwlch ( <i>Gentiana acaulis</i> )</figcaption></figure> <p>Cofnodwyd tair mil ar ddeg o rywogaethau o blanhigion yn y rhanbarthau Alpaidd,<sup id="cite_ref-Chatré8_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatré8-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sydd wedi'u grwpio yn ôl cynefin a math o bridd a all fod yn <a href="/wiki/Calchfaen" title="Calchfaen">galchfaen</a> neu'n ddi-galchaidd. Amrywia'r cynefinoedd yn fawr, gyda dolydd, corsydd, ardaloedd coetir (collddail a chonwydd), sgri a <a href="/wiki/Marian" title="Marian">marianau heb</a> bridd, ac wynebau a chribau creigiau.<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds43ff_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds43ff-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceir coed collddail <a href="/wiki/Masarnen" title="Masarnen">- masarn,</a> <a href="/wiki/Derw" class="mw-redirect" title="Derw">derw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ffawydd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ffawydd">ffawydd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onnen" title="Onnen">ynn</a> a sycamorwydden. Nid yw'r rhain yn cyrraedd yr un drychiad yn union, ac ni chânt eu canfod yn aml yn tyfu gyda'i gilydd; ond mae eu terfyn uchaf yn cyfateb yn ddigon cywir i'r newid o hinsawdd dymherus i hinsawdd oerach a brofir ymhellach gan newid ym mhresenoldeb llystyfiant llysieuol gwyllt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnox1911_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox1911-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r terfyn hwn fel arfer yn gorwedd tua 1,200 metr uwch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lefel_y_m%C3%B4r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lefel y môr (dim tudalen ar gael)">lefel y môr</a> ar ochr ogleddol yr Alpau, ond ar y llethrau deheuol mae'n aml yn codi i 1,500 metr ac weithiau hyd yn oed i 1,700 metr.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uwchben y coedwigoedd, yn aml, ceir stribed o goed pinwydd byr (<i><a href="/wiki/Pinwydden_y_mynydd" title="Pinwydden y mynydd">Pinus mugo</a></i>), sydd yn ei dro'n cael ei ddisodli gan <i>Alpenrosen</i>, llwyni corrach e.e. <i>Rhododendron ferrugineum</i> (ar briddoedd asid) neu <i>Rhododendron hirsutum</i> (ar briddoedd alcalïaidd).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er bod yn well gan yr Alpenrose bridd asidig, mae'r planhigion i'w cael ledled y rhanbarth.<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds43ff_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds43ff-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uwchben llinell y coed mae'r ardal a ddiffinnir fel "alpaidd" lle mae planhigion yn y ddôl alpaidd sydd wedi addasu'n dda i amodau garw tymereddau oer, arid ac thiroedduchel. Mae'r ardal alpaidd yn amrywio'n fawr oherwydd amrywiadau rhanbarthol mewn llinellau coed.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ffawna">Ffawna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Golygu'r adran: Ffawna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Ffawna"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae'r Alpau'n gynefin i 30,000 o rywogaethau o fywyd gwyllt, yn amrywio o'r chwain eira lleiaf i <a href="/wiki/Arth_frown" title="Arth frown">eirth brown</a>, gyda llawer ohonynt wedi addasu i'r amodau oer garw ac uchderau uchel i'r pwynt bod rhai ond yn goroesi mewn micro-hinsoddau penodol naill ai'n union uwchben neu'n is na'r llinell eira.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatré8_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatré8-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Jeune_bouquetin_de_face.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Jeune_bouquetin_de_face.jpg/220px-Jeune_bouquetin_de_face.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Jeune_bouquetin_de_face.jpg/330px-Jeune_bouquetin_de_face.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Jeune_bouquetin_de_face.jpg/440px-Jeune_bouquetin_de_face.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Ibex alpaidd ifanc (<i>Capra ibex)</i>. Pan fydd wedi tyfu'n llawn bydd cyrn y gwryw hwn oddeutu un metr o led.</figcaption></figure> <p>Y mamal mwyaf i fyw yn yr uchderau uchaf yw'r ibex alpaidd (<i>Capra ibex</i>), sydd wedi'i weld mor uchel â 3,000 metr. Mae'r ibex yn byw mewn ogofâu ac yn disgyn i fwyta'r gweiriau alpaidd maethlon.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anifail ychydig llai yw'r chamois<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds43ff_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds43ff-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sydd i'w gael ledled yr Alpau, gan fyw uwchben llinell y coed ac sydd i'w weld dros hyd a lled yr Alpau.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gwelir drwy ardaloedd dwyreiniol o'r Alpau eirth brown. Yn y Swistir <a href="/wiki/Bern_(canton)" title="Bern (canton)">enwyd canton Bern</a> ar gyfer yr eirth ond cofnodir bod yr arth olaf wedi'i lladd ym 1792 uwchben Kleine Scheidegg gan dri heliwr o <a href="/wiki/Grindelwald" title="Grindelwald">Grindelwald</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hanes">Hanes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Golygu'r adran: Hanes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Hanes"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cynhanes_i_Gristnogaeth">Cynhanes i Gristnogaeth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Golygu'r adran: Cynhanes i Gristnogaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Cynhanes i Gristnogaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Scena_di_duello_R6_-_Foppe_-_Nadro_(Foto_Luca_Giarelli).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Scena_di_duello_R6_-_Foppe_-_Nadro_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg/220px-Scena_di_duello_R6_-_Foppe_-_Nadro_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Scena_di_duello_R6_-_Foppe_-_Nadro_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg/330px-Scena_di_duello_R6_-_Foppe_-_Nadro_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Scena_di_duello_R6_-_Foppe_-_Nadro_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg/440px-Scena_di_duello_R6_-_Foppe_-_Nadro_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Petroglyffau cyn-hanesyddol o Valcamonica, yr Eidal</figcaption></figure> <p>Tua 10,000 o flynyddoedd yn ôl, pan doddodd yr iâ ar ôl rhewlifiant Würm, sefydlwyd cymunedau <a href="/wiki/Hen_Oes_y_Cerrig" title="Hen Oes y Cerrig">Hen Oes y Cerrig</a> (Paleolithig) ar hyd glannau llynnoedd ac mewn systemau o ogofâu. Ceir tystiolaeth o bobl yn byw mewn ogofâu ger Vercors, yn agos at Grenoble; yn Awstria ac olion y diwylliant Mondsee yn a thystiolaeth o dai wedi'u hadeiladu ar bentyrrau i'w cadw'n sych. Cafwyd hyd i feini hirion yn ardaloedd Alpaidd yn Ffrainc a'r Eidal. Mae'r Darluniau Creigiau yn Valcamonica yn fwy na 5,000 mlwydd oed a cheir dros 200,000 o luniau ac ysgythriadau wedi'u cofnodi ar y safle.<sup id="cite_ref-Beattie25ff_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beattie25ff-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yn 1991 darganfuwyd mymi gan gerddwyr ar rewlif Similaun: <a href="/wiki/Oes_Newydd_y_Cerrig" title="Oes Newydd y Cerrig">corff dyn neolithig</a>, ac a elwir bellach yn "Ötzi y Dyn Rhew". Dengys ei ddillad a’i gêr ei fod yn byw mewn cymuned ffermio alpaidd, tra bod lleoliad a dull ei farwolaeth - darganfuwyd pen saeth yn ei ysgwydd - yn awgrymu ei fod yn teithio o un lle i’r llall, dros yr Alpau.<sup id="cite_ref-Beattie21ff_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beattie21ff-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae dadansoddiad o DNA mitochondrial Ötzi, wedi dangos ei fod yn perthyn i is- ddosbarth K1 na ellir ei gategoreiddio i unrhyw un o dair cangen fodern yr isddosbarth hwnnw. Mae'r isddosbarth newydd wedi'i enwi dros dro yn <i>K1ö ar</i> gyfer <i>Ötzi</i> .<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ymsefydlodd llwythau <a href="/wiki/Celtaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtaidd">Celtaidd</a> yn y Swistir rhwng 1500 a 1000 CC. Roedd llwyth y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhaetiaid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhaetiaid (dim tudalen ar gael)">Rhaetiaid</a> yn byw yn y rhanbarthau dwyreiniol, tra bod yr <a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a> yn byw yn y gorllewin; ymgartrefodd yr <a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a> yn nyffryn Rhône ac yn Savoy. Roedd y <a href="/wiki/Ligwriaid" title="Ligwriaid">Ligwriaid</a> a'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veneti_Adriatig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veneti Adriatig (dim tudalen ar gael)">Feneti Adriatig</a> yn byw yng ngogledd-orllewin yr Eidal a Triveneto, yn y drefn honno. Ymhlith y nifer helaeth o sylweddau a gloddiwyd gan y llwythau Celtaiddroedd halen, yn enwedig yn ardaloedd fel <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> yn Awstria. Yno, daethpwyd o hyd i dystiolaeth o <a href="/wiki/Y_diwylliant_Hallstatt" title="Y diwylliant Hallstatt">ddiwylliant Hallstatt</a> gan reolwr mwynglawdd yn y 19g.<sup id="cite_ref-Beattie25ff_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beattie25ff-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erbyn y <a href="/wiki/6g_CC" class="mw-redirect" title="6g CC">6g CC</a> roedd <a href="/wiki/Diwylliant_La_T%C3%A8ne" title="Diwylliant La Tène">diwylliant La Tène</a> wedi'i hen sefydlu yn y rhanbarth,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a daeth yn adnabyddus am arfau a gemwaith addurnedig o ansawdd uchel.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Y Celtiaid oedd y mwyaf pwerus a phoblog o'r llwythau mynydd - ac roedd ganddyn nhw ryfelwyr a oedd â chroen cryf, tal a theg, ac yn fedrus gydag arfau haearn, a roddodd fantais iddynt wrth ryfela.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpau&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Chatré8-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chatré8_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chatré8_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chatré8_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chatré8_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chatré8_1-4">1.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Chatré, Baptiste, et al. (2010), 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymonline.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-etymonline.com_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/alp">"Alp | Origin and meaning of alp by Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alp+%26%23124%3B+Origin+and+meaning+of+alp+by+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Falp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAlpau" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaurus_Servius_Honoratus1881" class="citation book">Maurus Servius Honoratus (1881). "Book 10, line 13". In Georgius Thilo (gol.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cuaserviigrammat00serv"><i>Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii</i></a> (yn Lladin).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+10%2C+line+13&rft.btitle=Servii+Grammatici+qui+feruntur+in+Vergilii+carmina+commentarii&rft.date=1881&rft.au=Maurus+Servius+Honoratus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcuaserviigrammat00serv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAlpau" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ceben_22–24-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ceben_22–24_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ceben_22–24_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ceben_22–24_4-2">4.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ceben (1998), 22–24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatré9-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chatré9_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chatré9_5-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chatré9_5-2">5.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Chatré, Baptiste, et al. (2010), 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fleming (2000), 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beattie_xii–xiii-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Beattie_xii–xiii_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Beattie_xii–xiii_7-1">7.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Beattie_xii–xiii_7-2">7.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Beattie (2006), xii–xiii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925102533/http://www.alpconv.org/en/convention/smallbites/thealps/default.html">"Archived copy"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpconv.org/en/convention/smallbites/thealps/default.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar September 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alpconv.org%2Fen%2Fconvention%2Fsmallbites%2Fthealps%2Fdefault.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAlpau" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Categori:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Categori:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alpenpaesse-wasserscheiden.at/italien/das-alpine-einzugsgebiet-der-adria-excl-po-gebiet-innerer-alpenbogen/das-triestiner-kuestengebiet/">Die Alpen: Hydrologie und Verkehrsübergänge (German)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox1911740-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnox1911740_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnox1911">Knox 1911</a>, t. 740.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fleming_4-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fleming_4_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fleming (2000), 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-0">12.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-1">12.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-switz-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-switz_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121208215024/http://switzerland.isyours.com/e/guide/valais/grandstbernardhistory.html">"History of the Great St Bernard pass"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://switzerland.isyours.com/e/guide/valais/grandstbernardhistory.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 8 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">8 Awst</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Great+St+Bernard+pass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswitzerland.isyours.com%2Fe%2Fguide%2Fvalais%2Fgrandstbernardhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAlpau" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wissen/technik/wer-hat-die-groesste-roehre/story/14922381">"Wer hat die grösste Röhre?"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tages-Anzeiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tages-Anzeiger (dim tudalen ar gael)">Tages-Anzeiger</a></i> (yn Almaeneg). Zurich. April 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">11 Mai</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tages-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Wer+hat+die+gr%C3%B6sste+R%C3%B6hre%3F&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesanzeiger.ch%2Fwissen%2Ftechnik%2Fwer-hat-die-groesste-roehre%2Fstory%2F14922381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAlpau" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|TransTitle=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|trans-title=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.club4000.it/Articoli/Boll_uiaa.pdf">"The 4000ers of the Alps: Official UIAA List"</a>. <i>UIAA-Bulletin</i> (145). March 1994<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.club4000.it/Articoli/Boll_uiaa.pdf">http://www.club4000.it/Articoli/Boll_uiaa.pdf</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bielefeldt.de/4000e.php?Sorts=height&Aufab=descending&Liste=UIAA">"4000 m Peaks of the Alps"</a>. Bielefeldt.de. July 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">9 Awst</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=4000+m+Peaks+of+the+Alps&rft.pub=Bielefeldt.de&rft.date=2010-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bielefeldt.de%2F4000e.php%3FSorts%3Dheight%26Aufab%3Ddescending%26Liste%3DUIAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAlpau" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissworld.org/en/economy/transport/rail/">"Rail".</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alptransit-portal.ch/en/landingpage/">"Welcome to the AlpTransit Portal"</a>. Bern: Swiss Federal Archives SFA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+AlpTransit+Portal&rft.place=Bern&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Archives+SFA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alptransit-portal.ch%2Fen%2Flandingpage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAlpau" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 49–53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roth, 10–17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gerrard16-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gerrard16_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerrard, (1990), 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoumatoff63ff-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shoumatoff63ff_22-0">22.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shoumatoff63ff_22-1">22.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shoumatoff63ff_22-2">22.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 63–68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoumatoff71ff-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shoumatoff71ff_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 71–72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chatré, Baptiste, et al. (2010), 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benniston_et_al._2011,_1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Benniston_et_al._2011,_1_26-0">26.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Benniston_et_al._2011,_1_26-1">26.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Benniston et al. (2011), 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Price, Martin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benniston_et_al._2011,_3-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Benniston_et_al._2011,_3_28-0">28.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Benniston_et_al._2011,_3_28-1">28.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Benniston et al. (2011), 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ceben_1998,_31-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ceben_1998,_31_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ceben (1998), 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 24, 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chatré, Baptiste, et al. (2010), 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox1911-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnox1911_32-0">32.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnox1911_32-1">32.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnox1911">Knox 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fleming (2000), 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Viazzo (1980), 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Benniston (2011), 3–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Huss, Matthias; Hock, Regine; Bauder, Andreas; Funk, Martin (May 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/20213/files/hus_msc_sm.pdf">"100-year mass changes in the Swiss Alps linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation"</a> (yn en). <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i> <b>37</b> (10): L10501. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010GeoRL..3710501H">2010GeoRL..3710501H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2010GL042616">10.1029/2010GL042616</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1944-8007">1944-8007</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/20213/files/hus_msc_sm.pdf">http://doc.rero.ch/record/20213/files/hus_msc_sm.pdf</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Zampieri, Matteo; Scoccimarro, Enrico; Gualdi, Silvio (January 1, 2013). "Atlantic influence on spring snowfall over the Alps in the past 150 years" (yn en). <i>Environmental Research Letters</i> <b>8</b> (3): 034026. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ERL.....8c4026Z">2013ERL.....8c4026Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F8%2F3%2F034026">10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034026</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1748-9326">1748-9326</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Zampieri, Matteo; Scoccimarro, Enrico; Gualdi, Silvio; Navarra, Antonio (January 15, 2015). "Observed shift towards earlier spring discharge in the main Alpine rivers". <i>Science of the Total Environment</i>. Towards a better understanding of the links between stressors, hazard assessment and ecosystem services under water scarcity <b>503–504</b>: 222–232. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ScTEn.503..222Z">2015ScTEn.503..222Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2014.06.036">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.036</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25005239">25005239</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reynolds43ff-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds43ff_39-0">39.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds43ff_39-1">39.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds43ff_39-2">39.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Reynolds, (2012), 43–45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beattie (2006), 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Körner (2003), 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 90, 96, 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rupicapra rupicapra [Linnaeus, 1758]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beattie25ff-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Beattie25ff_47-0">47.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Beattie25ff_47-1">47.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Beattie, (2006), 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beattie21ff-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Beattie21ff_48-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beattie, (2006), 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822%2808%2901254-2">Luca Ermini et al., "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman," <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 18, no. 21 (30 October 2008), pp. 1687–1693</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fleming (2000), 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoumatoff (2001), 110</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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