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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Amphibians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amphibians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ovolarviparity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ovolarviparity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ovolarviparity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ovolarviparity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms_and_disuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms_and_disuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticisms and disuse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticisms_and_disuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ovoviviparity</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivipariteit" title="Ovovivipariteit – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ovovivipariteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بيوضية ولودية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيوضية ولودية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Яйцажыванараджэнне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яйцажыванараджэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Яйкажыванараджэньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Яйкажыванараджэньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Яйцеживородство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Яйцеживородство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovoviviparisme" title="Ovoviviparisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ovoviviparisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejco%C5%BEivorodost" title="Vejcoživorodost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vejcoživorodost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovoviviparie" title="Ovoviviparie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ovoviviparie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivipaaria" title="Ovovivipaaria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ovovivipaaria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9%CE%BF%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ωοζωοτοκία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ωοζωοτοκία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovoviviparidad" title="Ovoviviparidad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ovoviviparidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivonaskulo" title="Ovovivonaskulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ovovivonaskulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obobibiparotasun" title="Obobibiparotasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Obobibiparotasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="تخم‌زنده‌زایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تخم‌زنده‌زایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovoviviparit%C3%A9" title="Ovoviviparité – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ovoviviparité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovoviviparidade" title="Ovoviviparidade – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ovoviviparidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%9C%ED%83%9C%EC%83%9D" title="난태생 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="난태생" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अण्डजरायुजता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अण्डजरायुजता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovoviviparnost" title="Ovoviviparnost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ovoviviparnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivipar" title="Ovovivipar – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Ovovivipar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivipar" title="Ovovivipar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ovovivipar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggl%C3%ADfb%C3%A6ri" title="Egglífbæri – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Egglífbæri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovoviviparit%C3%A0" title="Ovoviviparità – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ovoviviparità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אוביפריות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוביפריות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="კვერცხცოცხლადშობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვერცხცოცხლადშობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D2%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Тірілей жұмыртқалау – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тірілей жұмыртқалау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovov%C3%AEv%C3%AEpar" title="Ovovîvîpar – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ovovîvîpar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiau%C5%A1gyvavedyst%C4%97" title="Kiaušgyvavedystė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kiaušgyvavedystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ഓവോവിവിപാരിറ്റി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓവോവിവിപാരിറ്റി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovoviviparie" title="Ovoviviparie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ovoviviparie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B5%E8%83%8E%E7%94%9F" title="卵胎生 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="卵胎生" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivipari" title="Ovovivipari – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ovovivipari" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivipari" title="Ovovivipari – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ovovivipari" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BByworodno%C5%9B%C4%87_lecytotroficzna" title="Żyworodność lecytotroficzna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żyworodność lecytotroficzna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovoviviparidade" title="Ovoviviparidade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ovoviviparidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovoviviparitate" title="Ovoviviparitate – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ovoviviparitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Яйцеживорождение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Яйцеживорождение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="اووووائوپئرٽي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اووووائوپئرٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ововивипарија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ововивипарија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivivar" title="Ovovivivar – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ovovivivar" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivipaarisuus" title="Ovovivipaarisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ovovivipaarisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivipari" title="Ovovivipari – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ovovivipari" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88" title="உள்பொரி முட்டை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உள்பொரி முட்டை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovovivipar" title="Ovovivipar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ovovivipar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Gestation type</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv/350px--A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="350" height="197" data-durationhint="31" data-mwtitle="A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv/A-Novel-Reproductive-Mode-in-Frogs-A-New-Species-of-Fanged-Frog-with-Internal-Fertilization-and-pone.0115884.s001.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>The characteristic quivering abdomen caused by movement of <a href="/wiki/Tadpole" title="Tadpole">tadpoles</a> within a pregnant female <i><a href="/wiki/Limnonectes_larvaepartus" title="Limnonectes larvaepartus">Limnonectes larvaepartus</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ovoviviparity</b>, <b>ovovivipary</b>, <b>ovivipary</b>, or <b>aplacental viviparity</b> is a term used as a "bridging" form of reproduction between egg-laying <a href="/wiki/Oviparity" title="Oviparity">oviparous</a> and live-bearing <a href="/wiki/Viviparity" title="Viviparity">viviparous</a> reproduction. Ovoviviparous <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a> possess <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryos</a> that develop inside <a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">eggs</a> that remain in the mother's body until they are ready to hatch. </p><p>The young of some ovoviviparous <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Limnonectes_larvaepartus" title="Limnonectes larvaepartus">Limnonectes larvaepartus</a></i>, are born as <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a>, and undergo further <a href="/wiki/Metamorphosis" title="Metamorphosis">metamorphosis</a> outside the body of the mother. Members of genera <i><a href="/wiki/Nectophrynoides" title="Nectophrynoides">Nectophrynoides</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Eleutherodactylus" title="Eleutherodactylus">Eleutherodactylus</a></i> bear froglets, not only the hatching, but all the most conspicuous <a href="/wiki/Metamorphosis" title="Metamorphosis">metamorphosis</a>, being completed inside the body of the mother before birth. </p><p>Among insects that depend on <a href="/wiki/Opportunism#Biological" title="Opportunism">opportunistic</a> exploitation of transient food sources, such as many <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcophagidae">Sarcophagidae</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Carrion" title="Carrion">carrion</a> flies, and species such as many <a href="/wiki/Calliphoridae" title="Calliphoridae">Calliphoridae</a>, that rely on fresh dung, and <a href="/wiki/Parasitoid" title="Parasitoid">parasitoids</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tachinidae" title="Tachinidae">tachinid</a> flies that depend on entering the host as soon as possible, the embryos commonly develop to the first larval <a href="/wiki/Instar" title="Instar">instar</a> inside the mother's reproductive tract, and they hatch just before being laid or almost immediately afterwards. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ovoviviparity">Ovoviviparity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovoviviparity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ovoviviparity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ovoviviparous animals are those animals that are similar to viviparous species in which there is <a href="/wiki/Internal_fertilization" title="Internal fertilization">internal fertilization</a> and the young are born alive, but differ in that there is no <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placental</a> connection and the unborn young are nourished by <a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">egg</a>; the mother's body does provide <a href="/wiki/Gas_exchange" title="Gas exchange">gas exchange</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In some species, the internally developing embryos rely solely on <a href="/wiki/Yolk" title="Yolk">yolk</a>. This is known as "yolk-sac viviparity" and is regarded as a type of lecithotrophy (no maternal provisioning). Other species exhibit <a href="/wiki/Matrotrophy" title="Matrotrophy">matrotrophy</a>, in which the embryo exhausts its yolk supply early in <a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">gestation</a> and the mother provides additional nutrition. This additional provisioning may be in the form of unfertilized eggs (intrauterine <a href="/wiki/Oophagy" title="Oophagy">oophagy</a>), uterine secretions (<a href="/wiki/Histotrophy" title="Histotrophy">histotrophy</a>) or it may be delivered through a <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenta</a>. The first two of these modes were categorized under histotroph <a href="/wiki/Viviparity" title="Viviparity">viviparity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or aplacental viviparity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amphibians">Amphibians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovoviviparity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Amphibians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Modes_of_reproduction" title="Modes of reproduction">Modes of reproduction</a></div> <p>The young of ovoviviparous <a href="/wiki/Amphibians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibians">amphibians</a> are sometimes born as <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a>, and undergo <a href="/wiki/Metamorphosis_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorphosis (biology)">metamorphosis</a> outside the body of the mother. <a href="/wiki/Modes_of_reproduction" title="Modes of reproduction">Modes of reproduction</a> include<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on relations between <a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">zygote</a> and parents: </p> <ul><li>Ovuliparity: external fertilisation, as in arthropods, many bony fishes, and most <a href="/wiki/Amphibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibia">amphibians</a></li> <li>Oviparity: internal fertilisation, where the female lays zygotes as eggs with important vitellus (typically birds)</li> <li>Ovoviviparity can be thought of as a form of oviparity where the zygotes are retained in the female's body or in the male's body, but there are no trophic interactions between zygote and parents. This is found in <i><a href="/wiki/Anguis_fragilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguis fragilis">Anguis fragilis</a></i>. In <a href="/wiki/Seahorse" title="Seahorse">seahorses</a>, zygotes remain in the male's ventral "marsupium". In the frog <i><a href="/wiki/Rhinoderma_darwinii" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinoderma darwinii">Rhinoderma darwinii</a></i>, the zygotes develop in the vocal sac. In the frog <i><a href="/wiki/Rheobatrachus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheobatrachus">Rheobatrachus</a></i>, zygotes develop in the stomach.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ovolarviparity">Ovolarviparity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovoviviparity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ovolarviparity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some insects, notably <a href="/wiki/Tachinidae" title="Tachinidae">tachinid flies</a>, are ovolarviparous, which means that the embryos develop into the first larval stage (<a href="/wiki/Instar" title="Instar">instar</a>) within the eggs while still in the female's <a href="/wiki/Oviduct" title="Oviduct">oviduct</a>. As a result, the larvae hatch more rapidly, sometimes immediately after egg deposition, and can begin feeding right away. A similar phenomenon is larviparity, in which larvae hatch <i>before</i> the female delivers them, although this may be mistakenly identified in species with very thin and transparent egg membranes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms_and_disuse">Criticisms and disuse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovoviviparity&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticisms and disuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A lack of a rigidly defined term resulted in widespread misuse of the term ovoviviparity in the biological literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackburn1994_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackburn1994-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovoviviparity has been used to describe delayed forms of egg-laying reproduction as well as live-bearing species that provide maternal nutrients but do not use a placenta.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackburn1994_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackburn1994-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This widespread misuse of the term has led to confusion over what earlier authors meant when using the name. Modern practice has seen the disuse of ovoviviparity in favour of the more specific definitions of <a href="/wiki/Lecithotrophic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lecithotrophic">lecithotrophic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matrotrophic" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrotrophic">matrotrophic</a> oviparity and viviparity.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackburn2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackburn2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovoviviparity&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lodé Thierry T. 2012. Oviparity or viviparity ? That is the question. Reproductive Biology 12: 259-264</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarrier,_J.C.Musick,_J.A.Heithaus,_M.R.2012" class="citation book cs1">Carrier, J.C.; Musick, J.A.; Heithaus, M.R., eds. (2012). <i>Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives</i>. CRC Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">296–</span>301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1439839249" title="Special:BookSources/978-1439839249"><bdi>978-1439839249</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology+of+Sharks+and+Their+Relatives&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E296-%3C%2Fspan%3E301&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1439839249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvoviviparity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Lod%C3%A9" title="Thierry Lodé">Lodé, Thierry</a> (2001). <i>Les stratégies de reproduction des animaux</i> (Reproduction strategies in animal kingdom). Eds Dunod Sciences, Paris</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tyler, M. J. (1994). <i>Australian Frogs: A Natural History.</i> Chapter 12, Gastric Brooding Frogs pp;135–140 Reed Books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCapinera2008" class="citation book cs1">Capinera, John L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA3678">"Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of entomology</i> (2nd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">3678–</span>3679. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402062421" title="Special:BookSources/9781402062421"><bdi>9781402062421</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tachinid+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+entomology&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3678-%3C%2Fspan%3E3679&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781402062421&rft.aulast=Capinera&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di9ITMiiohVQC%26pg%3DPA3678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvoviviparity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWimanJones2012" class="citation journal cs1">Wiman, Nik G.; Jones, Vincent P. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enhancedbc.tfrec.wsu.edu/downloads/Wiman-Jones_BioC_2013.pdf">"Influence of oviposition strategy of Nemorilla pyste and Nilea erecta (Diptera: Tachinidae) on parasitoid fertility and host mortality"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Biological Control</i>. <b>64</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">195–</span>202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biocontrol.2012.12.008">10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.12.008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Control&rft.atitle=Influence+of+oviposition+strategy+of+Nemorilla+pyste+and+Nilea+erecta+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29+on+parasitoid+fertility+and+host+mortality&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E195-%3C%2Fspan%3E202&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.biocontrol.2012.12.008&rft.aulast=Wiman&rft.aufirst=Nik+G.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Vincent+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenhancedbc.tfrec.wsu.edu%2Fdownloads%2FWiman-Jones_BioC_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvoviviparity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blackburn1994-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blackburn1994_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackburn1994_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlackburn" class="citation journal cs1">Blackburn, Daniel. "Discrepant use of the term 'Ovoviviparity' in the Herpetological Literature". <i>Herpetological Journal</i>. <b>4</b>: 65–72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herpetological+Journal&rft.atitle=Discrepant+use+of+the+term+%27Ovoviviparity%27+in+the+Herpetological+Literature&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=65-72&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvoviviparity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blackburn2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blackburn2015_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlackburn2015" class="citation journal cs1">Blackburn, Daniel (2015). "Evolution of Vertebrate Viviparity and Specializations for Fetal Nutrition: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis". <i>Journal of Morphology</i>. <b>276</b> (8): 961–990. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjmor.20272">10.1002/jmor.20272</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24652663">24652663</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:549574">549574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Morphology&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+Vertebrate+Viviparity+and+Specializations+for+Fetal+Nutrition%3A+A+Quantitative+and+Qualitative+Analysis&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=961-990&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A549574%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24652663&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjmor.20272&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvoviviparity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Human_reproductive_physiology" title="Template:Human reproductive physiology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_reproductive_physiology" title="Template talk:Human reproductive physiology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_reproductive_physiology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human reproductive physiology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_physiology_of_sexual_reproduction385" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">Human physiology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_reproduction" title="Human reproduction">sexual reproduction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">Menstrual cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">Menarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">Menstruation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">Follicular phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">Ovulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteal_phase" title="Luteal phase">Luteal phase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gametogenesis" title="Gametogenesis">Gametogenesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">Spermatogenesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatogonium" title="Spermatogonium">spermatogonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatocyte" title="Spermatocyte">spermatocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatid" title="Spermatid">spermatid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oogonium" title="Oogonium">oogonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immature_ovum" title="Immature ovum">ootid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">ovum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_cell" title="Germ cell">Germ cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonocyte" title="Gonocyte">gonocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">gamete</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Human sexual activity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li>Erection <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">Clitoral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a></li> <li>Ejaculation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_fertilization" title="Human fertilization">Fertilization</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">Fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implantation_(embryology)" title="Implantation (embryology)">Implantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpartum_period" title="Postpartum period">Postpartum period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_reproductive_system" title="Development of the reproductive system">Development of the<br /> reproductive system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation_in_humans" title="Sexual differentiation in humans">Sexual differentiation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminization_(biology)" title="Feminization (biology)">Feminization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virilization" title="Virilization">Virilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">Puberty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonadarche" title="Gonadarche">Gonadarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanner_scale" title="Tanner scale">Tanner scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubarche" title="Pubarche">Pubarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">Menarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermarche" title="Spermarche">Spermarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenarche" title="Adrenarche">Adrenarche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_maternal_age" title="Advanced maternal age">Maternal age</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paternal_age_effect" title="Paternal age effect">Paternal age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Menopause</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">Egg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">Ovum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviparity" title="Viviparity">Vivipary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_endocrinology_and_infertility" title="Reproductive endocrinology and infertility">Reproductive endocrinology<br />and infertility</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93gonadal_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93prolactin_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">Hormone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thelarche" title="Thelarche">Thelarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_development" title="Breast development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactation" title="Lactation">Lactation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">Breastfeeding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_reproductive_system" title="Human reproductive system">Human reproductive system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Male_reproductive_system" title="Male reproductive system">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_reproductive_system" title="Female reproductive system">Female</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diseases and disorders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anorgasmia" title="Anorgasmia">Anorgasmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysorgasmia" title="Dysorgasmia">Dysorgasmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyspareunia" title="Dyspareunia">Dyspareunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_flaccid_syndrome" title="Hard flaccid syndrome">Hard flaccid syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premature_ejaculation" title="Premature ejaculation">Premature ejaculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginismus" title="Vaginismus">Vaginismus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modes_of_reproduction104" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Animalbirth" title="Template:Animalbirth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Animalbirth" title="Template talk:Animalbirth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Animalbirth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animalbirth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modes_of_reproduction104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modes_of_reproduction" title="Modes of reproduction">Modes of reproduction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modes_of_reproduction" title="Modes of reproduction">Modes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oviparity" title="Oviparity">Oviparity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviparity" title="Viviparity">Viviparity</a> (Histotrophic, Hemotrophic)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ovoviviparity</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frogspawn_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frogspawn"><img alt="Frogspawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frogspawn_closeup.jpg/80px-Frogspawn_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frogspawn_closeup.jpg/120px-Frogspawn_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frogspawn_closeup.jpg/160px-Frogspawn_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fertilisation" title="Fertilisation">Fertilisation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_fertilization" title="External fertilization">External fertilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_fertilization" title="Internal fertilization">Internal fertilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parental_care" title="Parental care">Parental care</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parental_care_in_birds" title="Parental care in birds">birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouthbrooder" title="Mouthbrooder">fish (mouthbrooding)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parenting" title="Parenting">humans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammalian_reproduction" title="Mammalian reproduction">mammals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelphophagy" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelphophagy">Adelphophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric-brooding_frog" title="Gastric-brooding frog">Gastric-brooding frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live-bearing_aquarium_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Live-bearing aquarium fish">Live-bearing aquarium fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_pregnancy" title="Male pregnancy">Male pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrotrophy" title="Matrotrophy">Matrotrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oophagy" title="Oophagy">Oophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_in_fish" title="Pregnancy in fish">Pregnancy in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophic_egg" title="Trophic egg">Trophic egg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eggs376" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eggs" title="Template:Eggs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eggs" title="Template talk:Eggs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eggs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eggs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eggs376" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">Eggs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_egg_topics" title="List of egg topics">List of egg topics</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_egg" title="Bird egg">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg#Fish_and_amphibian_eggs" title="Egg">Fish and amphibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotreme" title="Monotreme">Monotreme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egg_fossil" title="Egg fossil">Fossil record</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cephalopod_egg_fossil" title="Cephalopod egg fossil">Cephalopod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_egg_fossil" title="Fish egg fossil">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptile_egg_fossil" title="Reptile egg fossil">Reptile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_egg" title="Dinosaur egg">dinosaur</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_paleopathology" title="Egg paleopathology">Pathology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_allergy" title="Egg allergy">Allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">Egg cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">Embryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyoplankton" title="Ichthyoplankton">Ichthyoplankton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogamy" title="Oogamy">Oogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ootheca" title="Ootheca">Ootheca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">Ovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviduct" title="Oviduct">Oviduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviparity" title="Oviparity">Oviparity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ovoviviparity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">Ovulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spawn_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (biology)">Spawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tooth" title="Egg tooth">Tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophic_egg" title="Trophic egg">Trophic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">Zygote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yolk" title="Yolk">Yolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_white" title="Egg white">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggshell" title="Eggshell">Shell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eggshell_membrane" title="Eggshell membrane">membrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalaza" title="Chalaza">Chalaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eggs_as_food" title="Eggs as food">As food</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_egg_dishes" title="List of egg dishes">List of egg dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balut_(food)" title="Balut (food)">Balut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggs_Benedict" title="Eggs Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiled_egg" title="Boiled egg">Boiled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_egg" title="Century egg">Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coddled_egg" title="Coddled egg">Coddled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_custard_desserts" title="List of custard desserts">Custard desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_fried_egg" title="Deep fried egg">Deep fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deviled_egg" title="Deviled egg">Deviled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_egg" title="Fried egg">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_egg" title="Iron egg">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meringue" title="Meringue">Meringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omelette" title="Omelette">Omelette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsen_tamago" title="Onsen tamago">Onsen tamago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poached_egg" title="Poached egg">Poached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powdered_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Powdered egg">Powdered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_egg" title="Pickled egg">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiche" title="Quiche">Quiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_salad" title="Egg salad">Salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salted_duck_egg" title="Salted duck egg">Salted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_egg" title="Scotch egg">Scotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambled_eggs" title="Scrambled eggs">Scrambled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirred_eggs" title="Shirred eggs">Shirred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_egg" title="Smoked egg">Smoked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souffl%C3%A9" title="Soufflé">Soufflé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_egg" title="Tea egg">Tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Eggs_in_culture" title="Category:Eggs in culture">In culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_balancing" title="Egg balancing">Balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating" title="Egg decorating">Decorating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg" title="Easter egg">Easter egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg-and-spoon_race" title="Egg-and-spoon race">Egg-and-spoon race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_drop_competition" title="Egg drop competition">Egg drop competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egging" title="Egging">Egging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_egg" title="Fabergé egg">Fabergé egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-range_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-range egg">Free range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HowToBasic" title="HowToBasic">HowToBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpty_Dumpty" title="Humpty Dumpty">Humpty Dumpty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_hunt" title="Egg hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oology" title="Oology">Oology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oomancy" title="Oomancy">Oomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_egg_production" title="Organic egg production">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egg_organizations" title="Category:Egg organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pysanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pysanka">Pysanka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegreville_egg" title="Vegreville egg">Vegreville egg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_rolling" title="Egg rolling">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tapping" title="Egg tapping">Tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tossing" title="Egg tossing">Tossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Eggs" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Variegated_golden_frog_%28Mantella_baroni%29_Ranomafana.jpg/21px-Variegated_golden_frog_%28Mantella_baroni%29_Ranomafana.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Variegated_golden_frog_%28Mantella_baroni%29_Ranomafana.jpg/32px-Variegated_golden_frog_%28Mantella_baroni%29_Ranomafana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Variegated_golden_frog_%28Mantella_baroni%29_Ranomafana.jpg/42px-Variegated_golden_frog_%28Mantella_baroni%29_Ranomafana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4302" data-file-height="2869" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Frogs" title="Portal:Frogs">Frogs</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Frog_%282546%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/20px-Frog_%282546%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png" 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