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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" > 16 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="جون شيرمان كوبر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون شيرمان كوبر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="جان شرمن جوپر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان شرمن جوپر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Sherman Cooper" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Sherman Cooper" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="جان شرمن جوپر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان شرمن جوپر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Sherman Cooper" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Sherman Cooper" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8" title="ג'ון שרמן קופר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון שרמן קופר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Sherman Cooper" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="جون شيرمان كوبر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون شيرمان كوبر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC" title="ジョン・シャーマン・クーパー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・シャーマン・クーパー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Купер, Джон Шерман – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Купер, Джон Шерман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Sherman Cooper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Sherman Cooper" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джон Шерман Купер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Шерман Купер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician, jurist, and diplomat (1901–1991)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">John Sherman Cooper</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Sherman_Cooper_(R-KY).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Sherman_Cooper_%28R-KY%29.jpg/220px-John_Sherman_Cooper_%28R-KY%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Sherman_Cooper_%28R-KY%29.jpg/330px-John_Sherman_Cooper_%28R-KY%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Sherman_Cooper_%28R-KY%29.jpg/440px-John_Sherman_Cooper_%28R-KY%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="5510" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait of Cooper while serving</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_East_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to East Germany">United States Ambassador to East Germany</a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office December 20, 1974 – September 28, 1976</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Grove" title="Brandon Grove">Brandon Grove</a> (chargé d'affaires)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_B._Bolen" class="mw-redirect" title="David B. Bolen">David B. Bolen</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office November 7, 1956 – January 3, 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Humphreys_(politician)" title="Robert Humphreys (politician)">Robert Humphreys</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dee_Huddleston" title="Walter Dee Huddleston">Walter Dee Huddleston</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office November 5, 1952 – January 3, 1955</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Underwood" title="Thomas R. Underwood">Thomas R. Underwood</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alben_Barkley" class="mw-redirect" title="Alben Barkley">Alben Barkley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office November 6, 1946 – January 3, 1949</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_A._Stanfill" title="William A. Stanfill">William A. Stanfill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Chapman" title="Virgil Chapman">Virgil Chapman</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">5th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to India">United States Ambassador to India</a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office February 4, 1955 – April 9, 1956</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_V._Allen" title="George V. Allen">George V. Allen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Bunker" title="Ellsworth Bunker">Ellsworth Bunker</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Judge of the 28th <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Circuit_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Circuit Court">Kentucky Circuit Court</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 7, 1946 – November 1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">J. S. Sandusky</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_R._Denney" title="Edwin R. Denney">Edwin R. Denney</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/County_Judge/Executive" title="County Judge/Executive">County Judge</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Kentucky" title="Pulaski County, Kentucky">Pulaski County</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 6, 1930 – January 3, 1938</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Napier Adams</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawrence S. Hall</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">Kentucky House of Representatives</a> from the 41st district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 1, 1928 – January 1, 1930</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">F. T. "Tom" Nichols</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">William E. Randall</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">John Sherman Cooper</div> (1901-08-23)August 23, 1901 <a href="/wiki/Somerset,_Kentucky" title="Somerset, Kentucky">Somerset, Kentucky</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 21, 1991(1991-02-21) (aged 89) Washington, D.C., U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Evelyn Pfaff</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1944; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1947)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Lorraine Rowan Shevlin</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1955; died 1985)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_College" title="Centre College">Centre College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>lawyer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:John-Sherman-Cooper-sig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Sherman Cooper's signature"><img alt="John Sherman Cooper" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/John-Sherman-Cooper-sig.jpg/128px-John-Sherman-Cooper-sig.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/John-Sherman-Cooper-sig.jpg/192px-John-Sherman-Cooper-sig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/John-Sherman-Cooper-sig.jpg/256px-John-Sherman-Cooper-sig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="375" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1942–1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (U.S. Army)">Captain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">15th Corps, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">U.S. Third Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>World War II</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medal</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> John Sherman Cooper (August 23, 1901 – February 21, 1991) was an American politician, jurist, and diplomat from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. He served three non-consecutive, partial terms in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> before being elected to two full terms in <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1960 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1960</a> and <a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1966 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1966</a>, representing <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>. He also served as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to India">U.S. Ambassador to India</a> from 1955 to 1956 and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_East_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to East Germany">U.S. Ambassador to East Germany</a> from 1974 to 1976. He was the first <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> to be <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">popularly elected</a> to more than one term as a senator from Kentucky and, in both <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1960 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1960</a> and <a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1966 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1966</a>, he set records for the largest victory margin for a Kentucky senatorial candidate from either party. Cooper's first political service was as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">Kentucky House of Representatives</a> from 1928 to 1930. In 1929, he was elected <a href="/wiki/County_Judge/Executive" title="County Judge/Executive">county judge</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Kentucky" title="Pulaski County, Kentucky">Pulaski County</a>. After a failed gubernatorial bid in <a href="/wiki/1939_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="1939 Kentucky gubernatorial election">1939</a>, he joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> in 1942. During World War II, he earned the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medal</a> for reorganizing the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> judicial system after the <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">allied victory in Europe</a>. While still in Germany, he was elected <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Circuit_Courts" title="Kentucky Circuit Courts">circuit judge</a> for Kentucky's 28th circuit. He returned home to accept the judgeship, which he held for less than a year before resigning to seek election to <a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">A. B. "Happy" Chandler</a>'s vacated seat in the U.S. Senate. He <a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Kentucky" title="1946 United States Senate special election in Kentucky">won the seat</a> by 41,823 votes, the largest victory margin by any Republican for any office in Kentucky up to that time. During his first term in the Senate, Cooper voted with the majority of his party just 51% of the time. He was defeated in his re-election bid in <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1948 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1948</a>, after which he accepted an appointment by President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> as a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> and served as a special assistant to Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Dean Acheson</a> during the formation of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO). Cooper was again elected to a partial term in the Senate in <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Kentucky" title="1952 United States Senate special election in Kentucky">1952</a>. The popular Cooper appeared likely to be re-elected in <a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1954 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1954</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> nominated former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a>. Cooper lost the general election and was appointed Ambassador to India by President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> in 1955. Cooper gained the confidence of Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> and dramatically improved relations between the U.S. and the recently independent state of India, helping rebuff <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> hopes of expanding <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a> in Asia. Barkley died in 1956, and Eisenhower requested that Cooper seek Barkley's open seat. Cooper reluctantly acquiesced and <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Kentucky" title="1956 United States Senate special election in Kentucky">was elected</a> to serve the rest of Barkley's term. In <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1960 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1960</a>, Cooper was re-elected, securing his first full, six-year term in the Senate. Newly elected President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> – Cooper's former Senate colleague – chose Cooper to conduct a secret fact-finding mission to Moscow and New Delhi. Following <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy's assassination</a> in November 1963, President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> appointed Cooper to the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a> to investigate the assassination. Cooper soon became an outspoken opponent of Johnson's decision to escalate U.S. military involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, consistently advocating negotiation with the <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnamese</a> instead. After Cooper's re-election in <a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1966 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1966</a>, he worked with <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> Democrat <a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Frank Church</a> on <a href="/wiki/Cooper%E2%80%93Church_Amendment" title="Cooper–Church Amendment">a series of amendments</a> designed to de-fund further U.S. military operations in the region. These amendments were hailed as the first serious attempt by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> to curb presidential authority over military operations during an ongoing war. Aging and increasingly deaf, Cooper did not seek re-election in <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1972 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1972</a>. His last acts of public service were as Ambassador to East Germany from 1974 to 1976 and as an alternate delegate to the United Nations in 1981. He died in a Washington, D.C., retirement home on February 21, 1991, and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> John Sherman Cooper was born August 23, 1901, in <a href="/wiki/Somerset,_Kentucky" title="Somerset, Kentucky">Somerset, Kentucky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> He was the second child and first son of seven children born to John Sherman and Helen Gertrude (Tartar) Cooper.<a href="#cite_note-schulman16-2">[2]</a> The Cooper family had been prominent in the Somerset area since brothers Malachi and Edward Cooper migrated from <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness Trail">Wilderness Trail</a> and through the <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Gap" title="Cumberland Gap">Cumberland Gap</a> around 1790, shortly after <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman15-3">[3]</a> His father's parents – staunch <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptists</a> – were active in the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">anti-slavery movement</a> in the nineteenth century, and the elder John Sherman Cooper (called "Sherman") was named after the <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">Apostle John</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a>, a hero of the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smoot134-4">[4]</a> The family was very active in local politics; six of Cooper's ancestors, including his father, were elected <a href="/wiki/County_judge" title="County judge">county judges</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Kentucky" title="Pulaski County, Kentucky">Pulaski County</a>, and two had been <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Circuit_Courts" title="Kentucky Circuit Courts">circuit judges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-time-5">[5]</a> Sherman Cooper engaged in numerous successful business ventures and was known as the wealthiest man in Somerset.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-finch162-7">[7]</a> At the time of John Sherman Cooper's birth, his father was serving as collector of internal revenue in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Kentucky's 8th congressional district">Kentucky's 8th congressional district</a>, a position to which he had been appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smoot135-8">[8]</a> During his youth, Cooper worked delivering newspapers, in railroad yards, and in his father's coal mines in <a href="/wiki/Harlan_County,_Kentucky" title="Harlan County, Kentucky">Harlan County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Despite having formerly served as county school superintendent, Cooper's father had a low opinion of the <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">public schools</a>, and until he was in the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_grade" title="Fifth grade">fifth grade</a>, Cooper was privately tutored by a neighbor.<a href="#cite_note-smoot135-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-schulman17-10">[10]</a> While his father was away on business in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, his mother sent him to sixth grade at the public school, which he attended thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-time-5">[5]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Somerset_High_School_(Kentucky)" title="Somerset High School (Kentucky)">Somerset High School</a>, he played both basketball and football.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> After the outbreak of World War I, Cooper joined an informal military training unit at the high school.<a href="#cite_note-smoot144-11">[11]</a> Two of the school's instructors organized the boys into two <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">companies</a>, but Cooper, who was given the rank of captain, later recalled that "they taught us how to march and that's about all."<a href="#cite_note-smoot144-11">[11]</a> During his senior year, Cooper served as class president and class poet.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> In 1918, he graduated second in his high school class and was chosen to give the <a href="/wiki/Commencement_speech" title="Commencement speech">commencement speech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-time-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> After graduation, Cooper matriculated at <a href="/wiki/Centre_College" title="Centre College">Centre College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Danville,_Kentucky" title="Danville, Kentucky">Danville, Kentucky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> While at Centre, Cooper was accepted into the <a href="/wiki/Beta_Theta_Pi" title="Beta Theta Pi">Beta Theta Pi</a> fraternity.<a href="#cite_note-btp-13">[13]</a> He also played <a href="/wiki/Defensive_end" title="Defensive end">defensive end</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Praying_Colonels_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Praying Colonels football">Praying Colonels' football team</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smoot146-14">[14]</a> Cooper was a <a href="/wiki/Letterman_(sports)" title="Letterman (sports)">letterman</a> on the team, playing alongside football notables <a href="/wiki/Bo_McMillin" title="Bo McMillin">Bo McMillin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Roberts" title="Red Roberts">Red Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matty_Bell" title="Matty Bell">Matty Bell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Weaver" title="Red Weaver">Red Weaver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smoot146-14">[14]</a> Another member of the team, <a href="/wiki/John_Y._Brown_Sr." title="John Y. Brown Sr.">John Y. Brown Sr.</a>, would later become one of Cooper's political rivals.<a href="#cite_note-smoot146-14">[14]</a> Coached by <a href="/wiki/Charley_Moran" title="Charley Moran">Charley Moran</a>, the team was undefeated in four games in the 1918 season, which was shortened by <a href="/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 flu pandemic">an outbreak of the Spanish flu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smoot146-14">[14]</a> Although Centre was known as one of Kentucky's foremost colleges, Cooper's father wanted him to broaden his education and, after one year at Centre, Cooper transferred to <a href="/wiki/Yale_College" title="Yale College">Yale College</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman19-15">[15]</a> At Yale, he was a classmate of his future U.S. Senate colleague, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Symington" title="Stuart Symington">Stuart Symington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman19-15">[15]</a> Cooper was active in many extracurricular activities at Yale, including the Sophomore German Committee, the Junior <a href="/wiki/Prom" title="Prom">Promenade</a> Committee, the <a href="/wiki/Student_council" title="Student council">Student Council</a>, the Class Day Committee, the Southern Club, the University Club, and Beta Theta Pi.<a href="#cite_note-smoot151-16">[16]</a> A member of the Undergraduate Athletic Association, he played football and basketball, becoming the first person in Yale history to be named <a href="/wiki/Captain_(sports)" title="Captain (sports)">captain</a> of the basketball team in his junior and senior years.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> In his senior year, he was accepted into the elite <a href="/wiki/Skull_and_Bones" title="Skull and Bones">Skull and Bones</a> society but regretted not being accepted into <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman19-15">[15]</a> Upon graduation, he was voted most popular and most likely to succeed in his class.<a href="#cite_note-btp-13">[13]</a> Cooper earned a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree from Yale in 1923 and enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> later that year.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> During the summer break of 1924, he returned to Kentucky, where his father, dying of <a href="/wiki/Bright%27s_disease" title="Bright's disease">Bright's disease</a>, told him that he would soon become the head of the family, and that most of the family's resources had been lost in the <a href="/wiki/Depression_of_1920%E2%80%9321" class="mw-redirect" title="Depression of 1920–21">economic recession of the early 1920s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-time-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-smoot154-17">[17]</a> Cooper returned to Harvard after his father's death, but soon discovered that he could not simultaneously pursue a law degree and manage his family's affairs.<a href="#cite_note-time-5">[5]</a> He was <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admitted to the bar</a> by examination in 1928 and opened a legal practice in Somerset.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> Over the next 20 years, he sold his father's remaining assets, paid off the family debts, and financed a college education for his six siblings.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early political career">edit</a>]</div> After being urged into politics by his uncle, Judge Roscoe Tartar, Cooper ran unopposed for a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">Kentucky House of Representatives</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> in 1927.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> As a member of the House, he was one of only three Republicans to oppose Republican <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Kentucky" title="Governor of Kentucky">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Flem_D._Sampson" title="Flem D. Sampson">Flem D. Sampson</a>'s unsuccessful attempt to politicize the state department of health; the measure failed by a single vote.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-schulman21-18">[18]</a> Cooper supported the governor's plan to provide free textbooks for the state's school children and sponsored legislation to prohibit judges from issuing <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunctions</a> to end labor strikes, although the latter bill did not pass.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> In 1929, Cooper declared his candidacy for county judge of Pulaski County.<a href="#cite_note-schulman22-19">[19]</a> His opponent, the incumbent, was the president of Somerset Bank and the former law partner of Cooper's father.<a href="#cite_note-schulman22-19">[19]</a> Cooper won the election, however, beginning the first of his eight years as county judge.<a href="#cite_note-schulman22-19">[19]</a> During his service, he was required by law to enforce <a href="/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">eviction</a> notices, but often helped those he evicted find other housing or gave them money himself, earning him the nickname "the poor man's judge".<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He reportedly became so depressed by the poverty and suffering of his constituents during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> that he had a <a href="/wiki/Nervous_breakdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervous breakdown">nervous breakdown</a> and took a leave of absence to seek psychiatric treatment.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Cooper served on the board of trustees for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky" title="University of Kentucky">University of Kentucky</a> from 1935 to 1946.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> In 1939, he sought the Republican gubernatorial nomination.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> As a result of a mandatory <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary election</a> law passed in 1935, the Republican nominee would not be chosen by a <a href="/wiki/Political_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Political convention">nominating convention</a>, as was typical for the party.<a href="#cite_note-finch162-7">[7]</a> Cooper losing the nomination to <a href="/wiki/King_Swope" title="King Swope">King Swope</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a> circuit court judge and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">congressman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-finch162-7">[7]</a> by a vote of 121,297 (59%) to 73,305 (36%) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_in_World_War_II">Service in World War II</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Service in World War II">edit</a>]</div> Although well above <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">the draft age</a> at 41 years old, Cooper enlisted for service in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> in World War II in 1942.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> Immediately offered an officer's commission, he chose instead to enlist as a <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">private</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman26-20">[20]</a> After basic training, he enrolled in <a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer Candidate School (U.S. Army)">Officer Candidate School</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Custer_Training_Center" title="Fort Custer Training Center">Fort Custer Training Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He studied military government and graduated second in his class of 111 students.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-finch163-21">[21]</a> In 1943, he was commissioned a <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> and assigned to the <a href="/wiki/XV_Corps_(United_States)" title="XV Corps (United States)">XV Corps</a> of General <a href="/wiki/George_Patton" class="mw-redirect" title="George Patton">George Patton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">Third Army</a> as a courier in the military police.<a href="#cite_note-schulman28-22">[22]</a> Cooper served in France, Luxembourg, and Germany.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> After liberating the <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald concentration camp</a>, Patton ordered the entire population of the nearby city of <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a> to go through it and observe the conditions; Cooper also viewed the camp at that time.<a href="#cite_note-schulman31-23">[23]</a> Following the cessation of hostilities, Cooper served as a legal advisor for the 300,000 <a href="/wiki/Displaced_persons" class="mw-redirect" title="Displaced persons">displaced persons</a> in his unit's occupation zone seeking repatriation after being brought to Germany as slaves by the Nazis.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Under the terms of the agreement reached at the <a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a>, all displaced Russian nationals were to be returned to the Soviet Union, but Soviet negotiators decided that the agreement did not apply to non-Russian spouses and children of the nationals.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Cooper brought this to the attention of General Patton, who rescinded the repatriation order in the Third Army's occupation zone.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Cooper received a citation from the Third Army's military government section for his action.<a href="#cite_note-schulman32-24">[24]</a> Cooper also oversaw the reorganization of the 239 courts in the German state of <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> in an attempt to replace all the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> officials, for which he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Among the judges installed by Cooper were <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hoegner" title="Wilhelm Hoegner">Wilhelm Hoegner</a>, future <a href="/wiki/Minister-President" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister-President">Minister-President</a> of Bavaria, and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Erhard" title="Ludwig Erhard">Ludwig Erhard</a>, the future <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman33-25">[25]</a> In 1943 or 1944, while he was still in the Army, Cooper married a nurse named Evelyn Pfaff.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> Cooper was elected without opposition as circuit judge of Kentucky's twenty-eighth judicial district in 1945, despite still being in Germany and not campaigning for the office.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He was discharged from the Army with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (U.S. Army)">captain</a> in February 1946 and returned to Kentucky to assume the judgeship.<a href="#cite_note-finch163-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_term_in_the_Senate_and_early_diplomatic_career">First term in the Senate and early diplomatic career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First term in the Senate and early diplomatic career">edit</a>]</div> Cooper's judicial district included his native Pulaski County, as well as <a href="/wiki/Rockcastle_County,_Kentucky" title="Rockcastle County, Kentucky">Rockcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Kentucky" title="Wayne County, Kentucky">Wayne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Kentucky" title="Clinton County, Kentucky">Clinton</a> counties.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> During his tenure, <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">blacks</a> were allowed to serve on trial juries in the district for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> Of the first 16 <a href="/wiki/Judicial_opinion" title="Judicial opinion">opinions</a> he issued during his time on the bench, 15 were upheld by the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Court_of_Appeals" title="Kentucky Court of Appeals">Kentucky Court of Appeals</a>, Kentucky's <a href="/wiki/Court_of_last_resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of last resort">court of last resort</a> at the time.<a href="#cite_note-schluman34-26">[26]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Happy_Chandler_-_Harris_and_Ewing_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man with black hair wearing a white shirt, black pinstriped jacket, and patterned tie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Happy_Chandler_-_Harris_and_Ewing_Crop.jpg/220px-Happy_Chandler_-_Harris_and_Ewing_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Happy_Chandler_-_Harris_and_Ewing_Crop.jpg/330px-Happy_Chandler_-_Harris_and_Ewing_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Happy_Chandler_-_Harris_and_Ewing_Crop.jpg/440px-Happy_Chandler_-_Harris_and_Ewing_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="3468" /></a><figcaption>Senator Happy Chandler's resignation to become Baseball Commissioner prompted Cooper's first run for the U.S. Senate.</figcaption></figure> Cooper resigned his judgeship in November 1946 to seek the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> seat vacated when <a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">A. B. "Happy" Chandler</a> resigned to accept the position of <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioner of Baseball">Commissioner of Baseball</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> Cooper's opponent, former Congressman and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives">Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives</a> John Y. Brown Sr., was better known and widely believed to be the favorite in the race.<a href="#cite_note-finch163-21">[21]</a> However, Brown had alienated Chandler's supporters in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> during a hotly contested senatorial primary between Brown and Chandler in 1942, and this group worked against his election in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-finch163-21">[21]</a> Further, the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville Courier-Journal">Louisville Courier-Journal</a> opposed Brown because of his attacks on former Senator <a href="/wiki/J._C._W._Beckham" title="J. C. W. Beckham">J. C. W. Beckham</a> and Judge <a href="/wiki/Robert_Worth_Bingham" title="Robert Worth Bingham">Robert Worth Bingham</a>, who were heads of a powerful <a href="/wiki/Political_machine" title="Political machine">political machine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-finch163-21">[21]</a> With these two factors working against Brown, Cooper won the election to fill Chandler's unexpired term by a vote of 327,652 (53%) to 285,829 (46%), the largest victory margin by any Republican for any office in Kentucky up to that time.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-finch163-21">[21]</a> His victory marked only the third time in Kentucky's history that a Republican had been <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">popularly elected</a> to the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-finch161-27">[27]</a> The move to Washington, D.C. proved to be too much for Cooper's already strained marriage.<a href="#cite_note-schulman67-28">[28]</a> In 1947, he filed for divorce, charging abandonment.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Cooper described himself as "a truly terrible public speaker" and rarely made addresses from the Senate floor.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-6">[6]</a> He was known as an independent Republican during his career in the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-6">[6]</a> In the first <a href="/wiki/Recorded_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Recorded vote">roll-call vote</a> of his career, he opposed transferring investigatory powers to Republican <a href="/wiki/Owen_Brewster" title="Owen Brewster">Owen Brewster</a>'s special <a href="/wiki/Senate_War_Investigating_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate War Investigating Committee">War Investigating Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-time-5">[5]</a> His second vote, directing that proceeds from the sale of <a href="/wiki/Military_surplus" title="Military surplus">war surplus</a> materiel be used to pay off war debts, also went against the majority of the Republican caucus, prompting <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> Republican <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a> to ask him "Are you a Republican or a Democrat? When are you going to start voting with us?"<a href="#cite_note-schulman37-29">[29]</a> Cooper responded, "If you'll pardon me, I was sent here to represent my constituents, and I intend to vote as I think best."<a href="#cite_note-krebs-6">[6]</a> A few days after being sworn in, Cooper co-sponsored his first piece of legislation, a bill to provide federal aid for education.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> The bill passed the Senate, but not the House.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Cooper was made chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Public Roads, and helped draft a bill authorizing $900 million in federal funds to states for highway construction.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> In 1948, he sponsored a bill to provide <a href="/wiki/Price_support" title="Price support">price support</a> for <a href="/wiki/Burley_tobacco" class="mw-redirect" title="Burley tobacco">burley tobacco</a> at 90 percent of parity.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> He insisted on an amendment to the <a href="/wiki/War_Claims_Act_of_1948" title="War Claims Act of 1948">War Claims Act of 1948</a> that benefits to veterans injured as prisoners of war of the Germans and Japanese during World War II be paid immediately using enemy assets.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He also co-sponsored legislation allowing hundreds of thousands of people displaced by the Nazis to enter the United States legally.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He opposed bans on industrywide <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> for <a href="/wiki/Organized_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized labor">organized labor</a> and on the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Closed_shop" title="Closed shop">closed shops</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He voted against putting <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">union</a> welfare funds under government control, but helped to pass an amendment forbidding compulsory union membership for workers.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Cooper continued his independence from his party throughout his term, vocally opposing Republican plans to cut taxes despite record national budget deficits and resisting the party's efforts to reduce funding for the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> to rebuild Europe in the aftermath of the war.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He worked with fellow Kentuckian <a href="/wiki/Alben_Barkley" class="mw-redirect" title="Alben Barkley">Alben Barkley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Morse" title="Wayne Morse">Wayne Morse</a> to undermine <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> enacted by the states and remove obstacles to <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a> for minorities.<a href="#cite_note-schulman38-30">[30]</a> He also co-sponsored a bill to create the <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> system, although it was defeated at the time.<a href="#cite_note-schulman38-30">[30]</a> Although he had voted with the Republicans just 51% of the time during his partial term – the lowest average of any member of the party – Cooper headed the Kentucky delegation to the <a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">1948 Republican National Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-schulman39-31">[31]</a> He supported <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Arthur Vandenberg</a> for president, but <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> ultimately received the party's nomination.<a href="#cite_note-schulman39-31">[31]</a> Cooper himself was mentioned as a possible candidate for vice-president, but ultimately did not receive the nomination and sought re-election to his Senate seat instead.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Also in 1948, Centre College awarded Cooper an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> degree.<a href="#cite_note-centre-32">[32]</a> Cooper was opposed in his re-election bid by Democratic Congressman <a href="/wiki/Virgil_M._Chapman" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgil M. Chapman">Virgil M. Chapman</a>, an ally of <a href="/wiki/Earle_C._Clements" class="mw-redirect" title="Earle C. Clements">Earle C. Clements</a>, who had been elected governor in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-finch164-33">[33]</a> As one of only a few Democrats who had voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Hartley_Act" title="Taft–Hartley Act">Taft–Hartley Act</a>, Chapman had lost the support of organized labor, a key constituency for the Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-finch164-33">[33]</a> The Democratic-leaning <a href="/wiki/The_Louisville_Times" title="The Louisville Times">Louisville Times</a> endorsed Cooper, but the presence of Kentucky's favorite son, Alben Barkley, on the ballot as <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>'s running mate in the <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 presidential election</a> ensured a strong Democratic turnout in the state.<a href="#cite_note-finch164-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-schulman41-34">[34]</a> Both Barkley and Clements stressed party unity during the campaign, and although Cooper polled much better than the Republican presidential ticket, he ultimately lost to Chapman in the general election by vote of 408,256 (51%) to 383,776 (48%) .<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Following his defeat, Cooper resumed the practice of law in the Washington, D.C. firm of Gardner, Morison and Rogers.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> In 1949, President Truman appointed Cooper as one of five delegates to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations (U.N.) General Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He was an alternate delegate to that body in 1950 and 1951.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Dean Acheson</a> chose Cooper as his advisor to meetings that created the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO) and at meetings of the NATO Council of Ministers in London in May 1950 and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> in December 1950.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Political historian Glenn Finch observed that, while Cooper was well-qualified for his duties at the U.N. and NATO, his presence abroad also made him less available to campaign for the Senate seat vacated by Barkley's elevation to the vice-presidency.<a href="#cite_note-finch165-37">[37]</a> Speculation was raised that Clements, who won Barkley's old seat in a special election in 1950, may have influenced Truman and Acheson to make the appointments.<a href="#cite_note-finch165-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_term_in_Senate">Second term in Senate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second term in Senate">edit</a>]</div> Cooper's supporters believed he would again seek the governorship of Kentucky or be appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> in the early 1950s; some even formed a committee to elect Cooper president.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Cooper considered running for governor in 1951, but when Chapman was killed in an automobile accident on March 8, 1951, he decided to make another run for the Senate against <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Underwood" title="Thomas R. Underwood">Thomas R. Underwood</a>, Governor <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wetherby" title="Lawrence Wetherby">Lawrence Wetherby</a>'s appointee to fill the vacancy.<a href="#cite_note-finch165-37">[37]</a> Underwood was considered a heavy favorite in the race. Some Republicans faulted Cooper for taking an appointment from Democrat Truman.<a href="#cite_note-schulman56-38">[38]</a> Both the Louisville Times and the Louisville Courier-Journal recanted their statements in 1950 for Cooper to seek election to the Senate in 1954. They now feared that the election of a Republican would allow that party to organize the Senate, giving key committee chairmanships to isolationists opposed to continued US involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman57-39">[39]</a> Nevertheless, Cooper defeated Underwood by a vote of 494,576 (52%) to 465,652 (48%) in the election and served out the remainder of Chapman's term.<a href="#cite_note-finch166-40">[40]</a> His victory marked the first time in Kentucky's history that a Republican had been elected to the Senate more than once.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Cooper was named to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor,_and_Pensions" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions">Senate Committee on Labor, Education and Public Welfare</a> and chaired its education and labor subcommittees.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He sponsored a bill authorizing public works projects along the <a href="/wiki/Big_Sandy_River_(Ohio_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Sandy River (Ohio River)">Big Sandy River</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Tug_Fork" title="Tug Fork">Tug</a> and <a href="/wiki/Levisa_Fork" title="Levisa Fork">Levisa</a> forks.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He also supported the reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Lock_(water_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (water transport)">locks and dams</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> and the construction of locks, dams, and reservoirs in the <a href="/wiki/Green_River_(Kentucky)" title="Green River (Kentucky)">Green River</a> Valley.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He opposed the <a href="/wiki/Dixon-Yates_contract" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixon-Yates contract">Dixon-Yates contract</a>, which would have paid a private company to construct a new power station to generate power for the city of <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, calling instead for authorization for the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a> to issue bonds to finance the construction of new power stations.<a href="#cite_note-schulman63-42">[42]</a> He supported a comprehensive program benefiting the coal industry and cosponsored a bill to extending public library services to rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Cooper continued to be an independent voice in the Senate. During the <a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a>, he was critical of attempts to permit illegal <a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">wiretap</a> evidence in federal courts and attempts to reduce the protections against self-incrimination granted by the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman62-43">[43]</a> Nevertheless, he refused to strip <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>, the leading figure in the Red Scare, of his major Senate committee chairmanships, cautioning that "many of those who bitterly oppose Senator McCarthy call for the same tactics that they charge him with."<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> He was the only Republican to oppose the <a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a>, which would have limited the president's treaty-making power. He concluded that the issues addressed by the amendment were not sufficient to warrant a change to the <a href="/wiki/US_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="US Constitution">Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman60-45">[45]</a> He also opposed the <a href="/wiki/Submerged_Lands_Act" title="Submerged Lands Act">Submerged Lands Act</a> and the Mexican Farm Labor bill, both of which were supported by the Eisenhower administration.<a href="#cite_note-schulman64-46">[46]</a> He denounced Eisenhower's appointment of <a href="/wiki/Albert_M._Cole" title="Albert M. Cole">Albert M. Cole</a>, an open opponent of <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">public housing</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Federal_Housing_Administration" title="Federal Housing Administration">Federal Housing Administrator</a> and opposed many of the agricultural reforms proposed by Eisenhower's Agriculture Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Taft_Benson" title="Ezra Taft Benson">Ezra Taft Benson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-time-5">[5]</a> Again, his independence did little to diminish his stature in the party. In 1954, he was named to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Policy_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Republican Policy Committee">Senate Republican Policy Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Cooper again sought re-election in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> Democrats first considered Governor Wetherby as his opponent, but Wetherby's candidacy would have drawn a primary challenger from the Happy Chandler faction of the Democratic Party, possibly leading to a party split and Cooper's re-election.<a href="#cite_note-finch167-47">[47]</a> Instead, party leaders convinced former Vice President Barkley, now 77 years old, to run for the seat in order to ensure party unity.<a href="#cite_note-finch167-47">[47]</a> There were few policy differences between Barkley and Cooper, who had been deemed the most liberal Republican in the Senate by <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Democratic_Action" title="Americans for Democratic Action">Americans for Democratic Action</a>.<a href="#cite_note-finch167-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-franklin29-48">[48]</a> During the campaign, Cooper was featured on the cover of Time on July 5, 1954.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Cooper appealed to women voters, as well as black voters who appreciated his support for civil rights.<a href="#cite_note-schluman65-49">[49]</a> He also claimed that he would be a less partisan senator than Barkley.<a href="#cite_note-schulman66-50">[50]</a> Barkley's personal popularity carried him to victory unseating Cooper by a vote of 434,109 (54%) to 362,948 (46%), however.<a href="#cite_note-finch167-47">[47]</a> Glenn Finch opined that "Barkley was unbeatable in his own state, and it is probable that no other candidate could have defeated Cooper."<a href="#cite_note-finch167-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambassador_to_India">Ambassador to India</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ambassador to India">edit</a>]</div> In 1955, President Dwight Eisenhower nominated Cooper as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to India">U.S. Ambassador to India and Nepal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> During his time as a delegate for the United Nations, Cooper had met <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Indian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> and established a cordial working relationship with the Indian delegation, including Nehru's sister <a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandit" title="Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit">Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-franklin31-51">[51]</a> The Indians had been impressed with Cooper and the Indian government had expressed their desire that Cooper serve as their ambassador from the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-franklin31-51">[51]</a> Cooper initially rejected the position offered by Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> but was convinced to accept it by a personal request from President Eisenhower.<a href="#cite_note-franklin31-51">[51]</a> India had only become an independent nation in 1947, and it was considered a bulwark against Communism in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-finch167-47">[47]</a> U.S.–India relations were strained, however, because of India's recognition of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">Communist China</a>, its opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a> (SEATO), and its resistance to foreign interference in <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-finch167-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> described the ambassadorship as "one of the most difficult and delicate in all the diplomatic world".<a href="#cite_note-franklin29-48">[48]</a> Cooper married Lorraine Rowan Shevlin on March 17, 1955, in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>, just ten days before leaving for India.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-franklin32-52">[52]</a> Twice divorced, Shevlin was the daughter of Robert A. Rowan (a wealthy California real estate developer whose projects included the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Alexandria" title="Hotel Alexandria">Hotel Alexandria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Security_Building_(Los_Angeles)" title="Security Building (Los Angeles)">Security Building</a>), step-daughter of <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a> official Prince Domenico <a href="/wiki/Orsini_family" title="Orsini family">Orsini</a>, and a well-known socialite.<a href="#cite_note-schulman67-28">[28]</a> She was fluent in three languages and understood Russian.<a href="#cite_note-franklin32-52">[52]</a> The two had dated for much of the 1950s, but Cooper was hesitant to marry because he had doubts about moving into Shevlin's elaborate <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a> home.<a href="#cite_note-schulman69-53">[53]</a> (While in Washington, the unmarried Cooper permanently resided in the Dodge House Hotel.)<a href="#cite_note-schulman68-54">[54]</a> The move to India removed this barrier, and Secretary Dulles encouraged Cooper to marry her before leaving so that the embassy in New Delhi might have a proper hostess.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On April 4, 1955, the couple stopped in England on their way to India to visit with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Louis Mountbatten</a>, the last <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-franklin33-56">[56]</a> Their discussions about the situation of the Indian situation were part of the scant preparation Cooper received before arriving there.<a href="#cite_note-franklin33-56">[56]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-61849-0001,_Indien,_Otto_Grotewohl_bei_Ministerpr%C3%A4sident_Nehru_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A dark-complected man wearing a gray, buttoned-up jacket and a white hat stands with his hands clasped in front of him" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-61849-0001%2C_Indien%2C_Otto_Grotewohl_bei_Ministerpr%C3%A4sident_Nehru_cropped.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-61849-0001%2C_Indien%2C_Otto_Grotewohl_bei_Ministerpr%C3%A4sident_Nehru_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-61849-0001%2C_Indien%2C_Otto_Grotewohl_bei_Ministerpr%C3%A4sident_Nehru_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Cooper became close friends.</figcaption></figure> Cooper began his service as ambassador by developing a close friendship with Prime Minister Nehru.<a href="#cite_note-franklin34-57">[57]</a> Nehru's respect and admiration for Cooper soon became widely known.<a href="#cite_note-franklin36-58">[58]</a> Cooper labored to help officials in Washington, D.C. understand that India's reluctance to align with either the West or the Communists in China and the Soviet Union was their way of exercising their newly won independence.<a href="#cite_note-franklin37-59">[59]</a> At the same time, he defended the U.S. military buildup after World War II, its involvement in the Korean War, and its membership in mutual security pacts like NATO and SEATO as self-defense measures, not aggressive actions by the U.S. government, as the Indians widely perceived them.<a href="#cite_note-franklin40-60">[60]</a> Cooper condemned the Eisenhower administration's decision to sell weapons to Pakistan, which was resented by the Indians, but also felt that the Indian government took some political positions without regard to their moral implications.<a href="#cite_note-franklin40-60">[60]</a> By late 1955, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_News" title="Chicago Daily News">Chicago Daily News</a> reported that Indo-American relations had "improved to a degree not thought possible six months ago".<a href="#cite_note-franklin46-61">[61]</a> In a joint communique dated December 2, 1955, U.S. Secretary of State Dulles and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> Foreign Minister Paulo Cunha condemned statements made by <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Soviet Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bulganin" title="Nikolai Bulganin">Nikolai Bulganin</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Soviet Party First Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> during an eighteen-day tour of India.<a href="#cite_note-franklin46-61">[61]</a> Of particular interest was the communique's reference to "Portuguese provinces in the Far East".<a href="#cite_note-franklin47-62">[62]</a> This phrase referred to <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, a Portuguese colony in western India.<a href="#cite_note-franklin47-62">[62]</a> Although most European nations with holdings near India had granted them to the new independent nation in 1947, Portugal refused to surrender Goa, and the region had become a source of conflict between the two nations.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The joint communiqué seemed to indicate U.S. recognition of Portuguese sovereignty in Goa, which undercut Cooper's assurances to the Indians of U.S. neutrality in the matter.<a href="#cite_note-franklin47-62">[62]</a> Cooper himself did not know about the communiqué until he read an account of it in the Indian media and was therefore unprepared to offer an explanation for it when asked by the Indian Foreign Secretary.<a href="#cite_note-franklin47-62">[62]</a> Cooper's cable to Washington, D.C. about the matter was reported to have been "bitter", although the contents of the cable have not been released.<a href="#cite_note-franklin47-62">[62]</a> The Dulles–Cuhna communique touched off anti-American demonstrations in many parts of India.<a href="#cite_note-franklin47-62">[62]</a> On December 6, Dulles held a news conference during which he reaffirmed U.S. neutrality on the Goa issue, but did not recant claims of Portuguese sovereignty over the region.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Prime Minister Nehru announced his intent to file a formal protest with the United States over the communique and to address the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Indian Parliament</a> about the matter.<a href="#cite_note-franklin49-65">[65]</a> In the interim, Cooper secured a meeting with Nehru and forestalled both actions.<a href="#cite_note-franklin50-66">[66]</a> Cooper became even more upset with Dulles when Dulles authorized withholding $10 million of a $50 million aid package to India; Cooper protested the withholding, and Dulles decided to pay the full amount.<a href="#cite_note-franklin51-67">[67]</a> Throughout the early part of 1956, Cooper strongly advocated that the U.S. respect Indian nonalignment and increase economic aid to the country.<a href="#cite_note-franklin52-68">[68]</a> In August 1956, Congress approved a financial aid package for India that included the largest sale up to that point of surplus agricultural products by the United States to any country.<a href="#cite_note-franklin53-69">[69]</a> Cooper's persistence in requesting such aid was critical in getting the package approved, as it was opposed by many administration officials, including <a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Under Secretary of State">Under Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover_Jr." title="Herbert Hoover Jr.">Herbert Hoover Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/George_M._Humphrey" title="George M. Humphrey">George M. Humphrey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_Cooperation_Administration" title="International Cooperation Administration">International Cooperation Administration</a> Director <a href="/wiki/John_B._Hollister" title="John B. Hollister">John B. Hollister</a>.<a href="#cite_note-franklin53-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_service_in_the_Senate">Later service in the Senate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later service in the Senate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwight_D._Eisenhower,_official_Presidential_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A balding man with gray hair, seated and holding his eyeglasses in his right hand. He is wearing a black suit, white shirt, and blue tie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_Presidential_portrait.jpg/220px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_Presidential_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_Presidential_portrait.jpg/330px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_Presidential_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_Presidential_portrait.jpg/440px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_Presidential_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2345" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>President Eisenhower convinced Cooper to return to the U.S. and seek election to the Senate.</figcaption></figure> Senator Barkley died in office on April 30, 1956.<a href="#cite_note-finch168-70">[70]</a> Republican leaders encouraged Cooper to return from India and seek the seat, but Cooper was reluctant to give up his ambassadorship.<a href="#cite_note-finch168-70">[70]</a> After a personal appeal from President Eisenhower, however, Cooper acquiesced and declared his candidacy in July 1956.<a href="#cite_note-finch168-70">[70]</a> Even after leaving India, he maintained close ties with the country's leaders and was the official U.S. representative at the funerals of Prime Minister Nehru in 1964, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> in 1966, and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Because Barkley's death occurred after the filing deadline for the November elections, the Democratic State Central Committee had to choose a nominee for the now-open seat.<a href="#cite_note-finch168-70">[70]</a> After unsuccessfully attempting to find a compromise candidate that both the Clements and Chandler factions could support, they chose Lawrence Wetherby, whose term as governor had recently expired.<a href="#cite_note-finch168-70">[70]</a> Chandler, now serving his second term as governor, was angered by the choice of Wetherby, and most members of his faction either gave Wetherby lukewarm support or outright supported Cooper instead.<a href="#cite_note-finch169-71">[71]</a> This, combined with Cooper's personal popularity, led to his victory over Wetherby by a vote of 538,505 (53%) to 473,140 (47%).<a href="#cite_note-finch169-71">[71]</a> Upon his return to the Senate in 1957, Cooper was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman88-72">[72]</a> In 1959, he challenged <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Everett Dirksen</a> to become the Republican <a href="/wiki/Floor_leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor leader">floor leader</a> in the Senate, but lost by four votes.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-6">[6]</a> In a 1960 poll of fifty journalists conducted by <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> magazine, Cooper was named the ablest Republican member of the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> He helped author and co-sponsored the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Education_Act" title="National Defense Education Act">National Defense Education Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Together with Senator <a href="/wiki/Jennings_Randolph" title="Jennings Randolph">Jennings Randolph</a>, he sponsored the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Regional_Development_Act" title="Appalachian Regional Development Act">Appalachian Regional Development Act</a>, designed to address the prevalent poverty in <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> He succeeded in gaining more state and local control over the anti-poverty group <a href="/wiki/Volunteers_in_Service_to_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Volunteers in Service to America">Volunteers in Service to America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bluestone113-73">[73]</a> He was a vigorous opponent of measures designed to weaken the Tennessee Valley Authority.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> In 1960, Democrats nominated former governor <a href="/wiki/Keen_Johnson" title="Keen Johnson">Keen Johnson</a>, then an executive with <a href="/wiki/Reynolds_Metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Reynolds Metals">Reynolds Metals</a>, to oppose Cooper's re-election bid.<a href="#cite_note-finch169-71">[71]</a> Cooper had the support of organized labor and benefitted from a large segment of Kentuckians who voted for Republican <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M. Nixon">Richard M. Nixon</a> over Democrat <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> as a reaction against Kennedy's <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-finch170-74">[74]</a> Cooper ultimately defeated Johnson by a vote of 644,087 (59%) to 444,830 (41%), a record victory margin for a Kentucky senatorial candidate.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Shortly after his election as president in 1960, Kennedy chose Cooper to conduct a then-secret mission to Moscow and New Delhi to assess the attitudes of the Soviet government for the new administration.<a href="#cite_note-schulman89-76">[76]</a> Kennedy and Cooper had served together on the Senate Labor Committee and maintained a social friendship.<a href="#cite_note-schulman90-77">[77]</a> On the mission, Cooper discovered that the Soviets disliked Kennedy and Nixon equally.<a href="#cite_note-schulman90-77">[77]</a> Cooper concluded in his report to Kennedy that there was little potential for harmonious relations with the Soviets.<a href="#cite_note-schulman90-77">[77]</a> After meeting with Secretary Khrushchev, Kennedy confirmed to Cooper that his report had been correct and confessed that he should have taken it even more seriously.<a href="#cite_note-schulman90-77">[77]</a> Cooper supported Kennedy's decision to resume nuclear weapons testing after the Soviets resumed their testing in March 1962, but he urged Kennedy to negotiate an agreement with the Soviets if possible.<a href="#cite_note-logevall243-78">[78]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warren_Commission_presenting_report_on_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_to_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Warren_Commission_presenting_report_on_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_to_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg/220px-Warren_Commission_presenting_report_on_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_to_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Warren_Commission_presenting_report_on_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_to_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg/330px-Warren_Commission_presenting_report_on_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_to_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Warren_Commission_presenting_report_on_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_to_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg/440px-Warren_Commission_presenting_report_on_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_to_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2379" data-file-height="1833" /></a><figcaption>Cooper (second from right) and the Warren Commission present their report to President Johnson.</figcaption></figure> President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> appointed Cooper to the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a>, which was charged with investigating <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy's assassination</a> in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> Cooper attended 50 of the 94 hearings and rejected the <a href="/wiki/Single-bullet_theory" title="Single-bullet theory">single-bullet theory</a> stating that "there was no evidence to show that [Kennedy and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Texas Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">John Connally</a>] were hit by the same bullet."<a href="#cite_note-Bugliosi-79">[79]</a> Cooper publicly criticized the report's conclusions as "premature and inconclusive", and informed Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> and Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> that he strongly felt <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> had not acted alone. When Cooper expressed his same thoughts to <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy</a>, he reportedly stated that "it's important for this nation that we bring the true murderers to justice."<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> As one of three Republicans on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Rules_and_Administration" title="United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration">Senate Rules and Administration Committee</a>, Cooper was involved with the investigation of Johnson aide <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Baker" title="Bobby Baker">Bobby Baker</a> in 1964, which he decried as "a <a href="/wiki/Whitewash_(censorship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitewash (censorship)">whitewash</a>" after the committee blocked further investigation.<a href="#cite_note-bluestone113-73">[73]</a> He proposed the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Ethics" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics">Senate Select Committee on Standards and Conduct</a> in July 1964 and was named to that committee in July 1965.<a href="#cite_note-bluestone113-73">[73]</a> Also in 1965, he was chosen advisor to the United States delegation to the <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> Conference that established the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-btp-13">[13]</a> An advocate for small businesses and agricultural interests, Cooper opposed an April 1965 bill that expanded the powers of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> to regulate cigarette advertising.<a href="#cite_note-bluestone113-73">[73]</a> In March 1966, he proposed an amendment to a mine safety bill supported by the <a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers_of_America" title="United Mine Workers of America">United Mine Workers of America</a> that would have nullified provisions of the bill if they were not shown to contribute to the safety of small mines, but his amendment was defeated.<a href="#cite_note-bluestone113-73">[73]</a> Cooper voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Acts of 1957</a>,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">1960</a>,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a>,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> and the confirmation of <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Cooper was one of thirteen Republican senators to vote in favor of <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In August 1970, Cooper sponsored the Health Security Act alongside fellow Senators <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> (D-MA), <a href="/wiki/William_B._Saxbe" title="William B. Saxbe">William B. Saxbe</a> (R-OH) and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Ralph Yarborough</a> (D-TX), a bill in support of the creation of a health insurance system that would have provided health care coverage to every American.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_War">Opposition to the Vietnam War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Opposition to the Vietnam War">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:115%; line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. congressional</a> opposition to American involvement in <div style="line-height:1.3em;">wars and interventions</div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1812 <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">North America</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_the_United_States" title="Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States">House Federalists’ Address</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1847 <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Spot_Resolutions" title="Spot Resolutions">Spot Resolutions</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1917 <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette#Opposition_to_American_involvement_in_World_War_I" title="Robert M. La Follette">Filibuster of the Armed Ship Bill</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1935–1939</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Acts_of_the_1930s" title="Neutrality Acts of the 1930s">Neutrality Acts</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1935–1940</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Amendment" title="Ludlow Amendment">Ludlow Amendment</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1970 <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/McGovern%E2%80%93Hatfield_Amendment" title="McGovern–Hatfield Amendment">McGovern–Hatfield Amendment</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1970 <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Southeast Asia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Cooper%E2%80%93Church_Amendment" title="Cooper–Church Amendment">Cooper–Church Amendment</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1971 Vietnam</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution#Repeal" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Repeal of Tonkin Gulf Resolution</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1973 Southeast Asia</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Case%E2%80%93Church_Amendment" title="Case–Church Amendment">Case–Church Amendment</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1973</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/War_Powers_Resolution" title="War Powers Resolution">War Powers Resolution</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1974</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Hughes%E2%80%93Ryan_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Hughes–Ryan Act">Hughes–Ryan Amendment</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1976 <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angola</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Clark_Amendment" title="Clark Amendment">Clark Amendment</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 1982 <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._United_States" title="Nicaragua v. United States">Nicaragua</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Boland_Amendment" title="Boland Amendment">Boland Amendment</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 2007 <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007#Congress" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">House Concurrent Resolution 63</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 2011 Libyan War</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/US_domestic_reactions_to_the_2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="US domestic reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya"> House Joint Resolution 68</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 2013 Syrian Civil War</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_the_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_the_Government_of_Syria_to_Respond_to_Use_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against the Government of Syria to Respond to Use of Chemical Weapons"> Syria Resolution</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 2018–2019 <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian%E2%80%93led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen">Yemen</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:1.4em;"> <a href="/wiki/War_Powers_Resolution#Yemen,_2018–2019" title="War Powers Resolution">Yemen War Powers Resolution</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._congressional_opposition_to_war" title="Template:U.S. congressional opposition to war"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._congressional_opposition_to_war" title="Template talk:U.S. congressional opposition to war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._congressional_opposition_to_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. congressional opposition to war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Although Cooper voted in favor of the 1964 <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Gulf of Tonkin Resolution</a>, he opposed escalating U.S. involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-johns590-92">[92]</a> As early as April 1964, Cooper was urging President Johnson to negotiate a peaceful settlement to the tensions in Southeast Asia.<a href="#cite_note-johns588-93">[93]</a> He questioned Southeast Asia's strategic importance to the U.S. and expressed concerns about the feasibility of deploying the U.S. military on a global scale.<a href="#cite_note-johns589-94">[94]</a> On March 25, 1965, he joined New York Senator <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Javits" title="Jacob Javits">Jacob Javits</a> in a call for President Johnson to begin negotiations for a settlement between <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> without imposing preconditions on the negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-johns591-95">[95]</a> Later in the day, he introduced resolutions calling for Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> to brief the full Senate on recent developments in Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-logevall247-96">[96]</a> In January 1966, Cooper accompanied Secretary of State Rusk and Ambassador <a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">W. Averell Harriman</a> on an official visit to <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Philippine President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> as part of a widely publicized "peace drive".<a href="#cite_note-bluestone113-73">[73]</a> This visit, along with visits to South Vietnam in December 1965 and January 1966, reinforced Cooper's opposition to military operations in Southeast Asia.<a href="#cite_note-johns592-97">[97]</a> In a meeting with President Johnson on January 26, 1966, he again urged the president to forgo his announced intentions to resume bombing missions in North Vietnam and negotiate a settlement instead.<a href="#cite_note-johns592-97">[97]</a> Johnson was noncommittal, and that afternoon, Cooper returned to the Senate floor, urgently trying to convince the legislators that negotiation was preferable to escalation, even when it meant negotiating with the <a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a> fighters in South Vietnam, which he believed was necessary to achieve peace.<a href="#cite_note-logevall248-98">[98]</a> Cooper advocated a three-to-five-year cease fire, enforced by the United Nations, followed by national elections as prescribed by the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conference_(1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Conference (1954)">1954 Geneva Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-logevall248-98">[98]</a> Ultimately, Johnson did not heed Cooper's plea and resumed U.S. bombing missions in North Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-logevall249-99">[99]</a> In 1966, Cooper again won re-election over John Y. Brown Sr., by a vote of 483,805 (65%) to 266,079 (35%), breaking his own record of largest victory margin for a Kentucky senatorial candidate, and carrying the vote of 110 of <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Kentucky" title="List of counties in Kentucky">Kentucky's 120 counties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-finch161-27">[27]</a> In the lead-up to the 1968 Republican presidential primary, he endorsed New York Governor <a href="/wiki/Nelson_A._Rockefeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson A. Rockefeller">Nelson A. Rockefeller</a>, saying that Americans would only support a candidate who took a clear position on Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-johns608-100">[100]</a> Rockefeller had laid out a plan for reversing the Americanization of the war, while other Republican candidates tried to remain non-specific about how they would handle it.<a href="#cite_note-johns607-101">[101]</a> As Rockefeller's candidacy faded, Cooper encouraged his colleague, Kentucky Senator <a href="/wiki/Thruston_B._Morton" class="mw-redirect" title="Thruston B. Morton">Thruston B. Morton</a>, to seek the presidency, but Morton declined.<a href="#cite_note-logevall252-102">[102]</a> The Republican nomination – and the presidency – went to Richard Nixon.<a href="#cite_note-logevall252-102">[102]</a> As a delegate to the U.N. General Assembly in 1968, Cooper strongly denounced the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman95-103">[103]</a> He also supported <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a>'s proposal to bring the matter of the Vietnam War before the United Nations.<a href="#cite_note-bluestone113-73">[73]</a> Returning to the Senate in 1969, he joined Alaska Senator <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gruening" title="Ernest Gruening">Ernest Gruening</a> and Oregon Senator Wayne Morse in protesting restrictions on orderly protests at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bluestone113-73">[73]</a> In the Senate, Cooper helped lead the opposition to the development and deployment of <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">anti-ballistic missiles</a> (ABMs), putting him at odds with many in his party, including President Nixon.<a href="#cite_note-logevall252-102">[102]</a> Cooper had long been an opponent of ABMs, which he believed could intensify a worldwide <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">nuclear arms race</a>.<a href="#cite_note-logevall252-102">[102]</a> On August 6, 1969, a vote to suspend funding of the development of ABMs failed in the Senate by a vote of 50–51; Vice President <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a> cast the tie-breaking vote.<a href="#cite_note-logevall252-102">[102]</a> After this defeat, Cooper and Michigan Senator <a href="/wiki/Philip_Hart" title="Philip Hart">Philip Hart</a> co-sponsored the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cooper%E2%80%93Hart_Amendment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cooper–Hart Amendment (page does not exist)">Cooper–Hart Amendment</a> that would have allowed funding for research and development of ABMs, but banned deployment of a U.S. ABM system.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> The measure failed by three votes but increased congressional scrutiny of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense Department</a> budget, leading to a reduction in funding and hastening <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a> with the Soviets.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Cooper served as an advisor to President Nixon during the events leading up to the talks.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_John_Sherman_Cooper_speaking_on_the_Vietnam_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Senator_John_Sherman_Cooper_speaking_on_the_Vietnam_War.jpg/220px-Senator_John_Sherman_Cooper_speaking_on_the_Vietnam_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Senator_John_Sherman_Cooper_speaking_on_the_Vietnam_War.jpg/330px-Senator_John_Sherman_Cooper_speaking_on_the_Vietnam_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Senator_John_Sherman_Cooper_speaking_on_the_Vietnam_War.jpg/440px-Senator_John_Sherman_Cooper_speaking_on_the_Vietnam_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Senator Cooper speaking at a Foreign Relations Committee hearing on the Vietnam War in 1970</figcaption></figure> Throughout 1969 and 1970, Cooper and Senator <a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Frank Church</a> co-sponsored the <a href="/wiki/Cooper%E2%80%93Church_Amendment" title="Cooper–Church Amendment">Cooper–Church Amendments</a>, aimed at curbing further escalation of the Vietnam War.<a href="#cite_note-schulman101-105">[105]</a> Congressional approval of one of these amendments on December 15, 1969, de-funded the use of U.S. troops in <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-logevall254-106">[106]</a> Cooper had wanted to include a restriction on forces entering <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> as well, but Mike Mansfield, who helped Cooper write the amendment, feared that Cambodian Prince <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a>, who was officially neutral in the conflict, might be offended.<a href="#cite_note-logevall254-106">[106]</a> When Sihanouk was <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_coup_of_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian coup of 1970">deposed in 1970</a>, Cambodia's new leader, <a href="/wiki/Lon_Nol" title="Lon Nol">Lon Nol</a>, appealed to President Nixon for help in stabilizing his rule.<a href="#cite_note-logevall254-106">[106]</a> Nixon agreed to send troops to Cambodia, despite protests from Cooper and others that this violated his stated goal of de-escalation in the region.<a href="#cite_note-logevall254-106">[106]</a> Cooper and Church then drafted another amendment to de-fund U.S. operations in Cambodia; after negotiations with Nixon that continued funding until July 1970 so that the troops already in the country could be evacuated, the amendment passed 58–37.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The House of Representatives later stripped the amendment from the legislation to which it was attached, and it did not go into effect.<a href="#cite_note-logevall256-108">[108]</a> The amendment was nevertheless hailed by <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> as "the first time in our history that Congress has attempted to limit the deployment of American troops in the course of an ongoing war."<a href="#cite_note-logevall256-108">[108]</a> The fight over the Cooper–Church Amendments took its toll on Cooper's health, and he was briefly hospitalized to regain his strength.<a href="#cite_note-logevall256-108">[108]</a> In 1971, Church, Mansfield, and <a href="/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken">George Aiken</a> convinced Cooper to help them write an amendment to end U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia altogether, but ultimately, the measure did not have the support to pass and was abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-logevall256-108">[108]</a> Seventy-one years of age and becoming increasingly deaf, Cooper announced to the Kentucky Press Association on January 21, 1972, that he would not seek re-election to his Senate seat,<a href="#cite_note-schulman103-109">[109]</a> having served longer in that body than any other Kentuckian except Alben Barkley.<a href="#cite_note-finch161-27">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lame_duck_(politics)" title="Lame duck (politics)">lame duck</a> Cooper decided to make one more attempt to end the war, after an aggressive North Vietnamese offensive against the South in March 1972 intensified fighting in the region once again.<a href="#cite_note-logevall257-110">[110]</a> Without advance notice, Cooper addressed a nearly empty Senate chamber on July 27, 1972, proposing an amendment to a military assistance bill that would unconditionally end funding for all U.S. military operations in Indochina in four months.<a href="#cite_note-logevall257-110">[110]</a> The measure, which had no co-sponsors, stunned Nixon and Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> and provoked heated debate in the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-logevall257-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a> saved the amendment from almost certain demise by adding a provision that all American prisoners of war be returned prior to the withdrawal of U.S. forces.<a href="#cite_note-logevall257-110">[110]</a> The revised amendment passed 62–33, whereupon Nixon decided to sacrifice the entire military assistance bill.<a href="#cite_note-logevall257-110">[110]</a> At Nixon's insistence, the Senate defeated the amended bill 48–42.<a href="#cite_note-logevall258-111">[111]</a> Disappointed, Cooper nevertheless proclaimed, "I feel purged inside. I've felt strongly about this for a long time. Now it's in the hands of the President. He's the only person who can do anything about ending the war now."<a href="#cite_note-logevall258-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later life">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-span.org/video/?326372-1/senator-mitch-mcconnell-legacy-senator-john-sherman-cooper">"Senator Mitch McConnell on Senator John Sherman Cooper"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> (R-KY) speaks on the life and work of Cooper at <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Community_College" title="Somerset Community College">Somerset Community College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somerset,_Kentucky" title="Somerset, Kentucky">Somerset, Kentucky</a>, June 30, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-cspan_a-112">[112]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> After the expiration of his term, Cooper took over the "Dean Acheson chair" at the prestigious Washington law firm of <a href="/wiki/Covington_%26_Burling" title="Covington & Burling">Covington & Burling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schulman105-113">[113]</a> In 1972, he was chosen as the commencement speaker at Centre College, where he had served as a trustee since 1961.<a href="#cite_note-centre-32">[32]</a> At the ceremony, he became the first recipient of the Isaac Shelby Award, named for two-time Kentucky governor <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Shelby" title="Isaac Shelby">Isaac Shelby</a>, the chair of the college's first board of trustees.<a href="#cite_note-centre-32">[32]</a> In 1973, Cooper resisted an attempt to name a federal building in his honor.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Upon the completion of the dam that formed <a href="/wiki/Laurel_River_Lake" title="Laurel River Lake">Laurel River Lake</a> in 1977, Congress proposed naming the dam and lake after Cooper, but again, he declined.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> He was pleased, however, that the Somerset school system chose to name a program to teach and reinforce leadership skills the John Sherman Cooper Leadership Institute.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> In April 1974, Nixon announced that he would appoint Cooper to be the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_East_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to East Germany">US Ambassador to East Germany</a>, but during the final negotiations between the countries for the US to establish an embassy in the country, Nixon resigned.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> His successor, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, officially appointed Cooper to the ambassadorship, and Cooper took leave from Covington & Burling to accept it.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> He arrived in East Germany in December 1974 and served as ambassador until October 1976.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-schulman107-115">[115]</a> After returning to the US, he resumed his work at Covington & Burling.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> In his last act of public service, he again served as an alternate delegate to the UN General Assembly in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Sherman_Cooper_bust.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/John_Sherman_Cooper_bust.jpg/170px-John_Sherman_Cooper_bust.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/John_Sherman_Cooper_bust.jpg/255px-John_Sherman_Cooper_bust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/John_Sherman_Cooper_bust.jpg/340px-John_Sherman_Cooper_bust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>John Tuska's bust of Cooper was installed at the state capitol in 1987.</figcaption></figure> Kentucky Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Y._Brown_Jr." title="John Y. Brown Jr.">John Y. Brown Jr.</a>, the son of Cooper's former opponent in the senatorial elections of 1946 and 1966, awarded Cooper the Governor's Distinguished Service Medallion in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> Later that year, Senators <a href="/wiki/Walter_Huddleston" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Huddleston">Walter Huddleston</a> of Kentucky and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> introduced a bill to honor Cooper by renaming the <a href="/wiki/Big_South_Fork_National_River_and_Recreation_Area" title="Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area">Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area</a> to the Cooper National Recreation Area; Kentucky Congressman <a href="/wiki/Hal_Rogers" title="Hal Rogers">Hal Rogers</a> sponsored a parallel measure in the House.<a href="#cite_note-cohn-116">[116]</a> As a senator, Cooper had been instrumental in securing congressional approval for the creation of Big South Fork.<a href="#cite_note-cohn-116">[116]</a> Opponents of the measure in both Kentucky and Tennessee (the recreation area spans the two states) cited a variety of reasons to retain the old name, and the proposal was eventually dropped at Cooper's request.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-cohn-116">[116]</a> In 1985, Cooper became the third-ever recipient of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford Cup (page does not exist)">Oxford Cup</a>, an award recognizing outstanding past members of Beta Theta Pi.<a href="#cite_note-btp-13">[13]</a> Also in 1985, he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Cumberland College (now the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Cumberlands" title="University of the Cumberlands">University of the Cumberlands</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Kentucky" title="Williamsburg, Kentucky">Williamsburg, Kentucky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cumberland-117">[117]</a> He was named a Distinguished Alumnus of Centre College in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-centre-32">[32]</a> A non-partisan group co-chaired by former Kentucky gubernatorial candidate <a href="/wiki/Larry_Forgy" title="Larry Forgy">Larry Forgy</a> raised $60,000 to commission two sculptures of Cooper.<a href="#cite_note-sculptures-118">[118]</a> A life-sized bronze <a href="/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)" title="Bust (sculpture)">bust</a> of Cooper sculpted by <a href="/wiki/John_Tuska" title="John Tuska">John Tuska</a> was installed at the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_State_Capitol" title="Kentucky State Capitol">Kentucky State Capitol</a> in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-sculptures-118">[118]</a> The other sculpture, a life-sized bronze statue crafted by <a href="/wiki/Barney_Bright" title="Barney Bright">Barney Bright</a>, was placed in Fountain Square in Somerset.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-sculptures-118">[118]</a> Cooper retired from the practice of law in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> In June 1990, Cooper was honored with a gala screening of Gentleman From Kentucky, a <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Educational_Television" title="Kentucky Educational Television">Kentucky Educational Television</a> documentary about his life, at the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a> in Washington.<a href="#cite_note-mourn-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death and legacy">edit</a>]</div> On February 21, 1991, Cooper died of heart failure in a retirement home in Washington.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-6">[6]</a> He had been preceded in death by his second wife, Lorraine Arnold Rowan, on February 3, 1985.<a href="#cite_note-cooper227-12">[12]</a> On February 26, 1991, Kentucky's two senators, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_H._Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendell H. Ford">Wendell H. Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a>, gave speeches on the Senate floor praising Cooper, and the Senate adjourned in Cooper's memory.<a href="#cite_note-adjourn-119">[119]</a> Cooper was buried in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> Because of his extensive support of rural electrification as a senator, the East Kentucky RECC was renamed the <a href="/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper_Power_Station" title="John Sherman Cooper Power Station">John Sherman Cooper Power Station</a> in his honor.<a href="#cite_note-btp-13">[13]</a> In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Herald-Leader" title="Lexington Herald-Leader">Lexington Herald-Leader</a> named Cooper one of the most influential Kentuckians of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-20th-120">[120]</a> In 2000, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Kentucky_University" title="Eastern Kentucky University">Eastern Kentucky University</a>'s Center for Kentucky History and Politics established the annual John Sherman Cooper Award for Outstanding Public Service in Kentucky.<a href="#cite_note-award-121">[121]</a> Despite his patrician background, Cooper was known for being "affable, frequently self-deprecating and approachable."<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-congbio-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-4">e</a> "Cooper, John Sherman". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman16-2"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman16_2-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 16 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman15-3"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman15_3-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 15 </li> <li id="cite_note-smoot134-4"><a href="#cite_ref-smoot134_4-0">^</a> Smoot, p. 134 </li> <li id="cite_note-time-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_5-6">g</a> "Whittledycut". Time </li> <li id="cite_note-krebs-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_6-8">i</a> Krebs, "John Sherman Cooper Dies at 89" </li> <li id="cite_note-finch162-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finch162_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch162_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch162_7-2">c</a> Finch, p. 162 </li> <li id="cite_note-smoot135-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smoot135_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-smoot135_8-1">b</a> Smoot, p. 135 </li> <li id="cite_note-mourn-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-45">at</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-46">au</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-47">av</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-48">aw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mourn_9-49">ax</a> Hewlett and Merrit, "John Sherman Cooper Dies at 89" </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman17-10"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman17_10-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-smoot144-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smoot144_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-smoot144_11-1">b</a> Smoot, p. 144 </li> <li id="cite_note-cooper227-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper227_12-23">x</a> Cooper, p. 227 </li> <li id="cite_note-btp-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-btp_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-btp_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-btp_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-btp_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-btp_13-4">e</a> Howard, "John Sherman Cooper" </li> <li id="cite_note-smoot146-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smoot146_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-smoot146_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-smoot146_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-smoot146_14-3">d</a> Smoot, p. 146 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman19-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schulman19_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schulman19_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schulman19_15-2">c</a> Schulman, p. 19 </li> <li id="cite_note-smoot151-16"><a href="#cite_ref-smoot151_16-0">^</a> Smoot, p. 151 </li> <li id="cite_note-smoot154-17"><a href="#cite_ref-smoot154_17-0">^</a> Smoot, p. 154 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman21-18"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman21_18-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 21 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman22-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schulman22_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schulman22_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schulman22_19-2">c</a> Schulman, p. 22 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman26-20"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman26_20-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 26 </li> <li id="cite_note-finch163-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finch163_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch163_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch163_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch163_21-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch163_21-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch163_21-5">f</a> Finch, p. 163 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman28-22"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman28_22-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman31-23"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman31_23-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 31 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman32-24"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman32_24-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 32 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman33-25"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman33_25-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 33 </li> <li id="cite_note-schluman34-26"><a href="#cite_ref-schluman34_26-0">^</a> Schluman, p. 34 </li> <li id="cite_note-finch161-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finch161_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch161_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch161_27-2">c</a> Finch, p. 161 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman67-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schulman67_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schulman67_28-1">b</a> Schulman, p. 67 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman37-29"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman37_29-0">^</a> Schluman, p. 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman38-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schulman38_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schulman38_30-1">b</a> Schulman, p. 38 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman39-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schulman39_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schulman39_31-1">b</a> Schulman, p. 39 </li> <li id="cite_note-centre-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-centre_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-centre_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-centre_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-centre_32-3">d</a> "John Sherman Cooper: Centre College Class of 1922". CentreCyclopedia </li> <li id="cite_note-finch164-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finch164_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch164_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch164_33-2">c</a> Finch, p. 164 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman41-34"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman41_34-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 41 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Finch, pp. 164–165 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Schulman, pp. 43, 50–51 </li> <li id="cite_note-finch165-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finch165_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch165_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch165_37-2">c</a> Finch, p. 165 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman56-38"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman56_38-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 56 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman57-39"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman57_39-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 57 </li> <li id="cite_note-finch166-40"><a href="#cite_ref-finch166_40-0">^</a> Finch, p. 166 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Finch, pp. 161, 164 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman63-42"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman63_42-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 63 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman62-43"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman62_43-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 62 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Schulman, pp. 62–63 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman60-45"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman60_45-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 60 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman64-46"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman64_46-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 64 </li> <li id="cite_note-finch167-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finch167_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch167_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch167_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch167_47-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch167_47-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch167_47-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch167_47-6">g</a> Finch, p. 167 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin29-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-franklin29_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin29_48-1">b</a> Franklin, p. 29 </li> <li id="cite_note-schluman65-49"><a href="#cite_ref-schluman65_49-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 65 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman66-50"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman66_50-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 66 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin31-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-franklin31_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin31_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin31_51-2">c</a> Franklin, p. 31 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin32-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-franklin32_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin32_52-1">b</a> Franklin, p. 32 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman69-53"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman69_53-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 69 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman68-54"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman68_54-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 68 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Schulman, pp. 68–69 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin33-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-franklin33_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin33_56-1">b</a> Franklin, p. 33 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin34-57"><a href="#cite_ref-franklin34_57-0">^</a> Franklin, p. 34 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin36-58"><a href="#cite_ref-franklin36_58-0">^</a> Franklin, p. 36 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin37-59"><a href="#cite_ref-franklin37_59-0">^</a> Franklin, p. 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin40-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-franklin40_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin40_60-1">b</a> Franklin, p. 40 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin46-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-franklin46_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin46_61-1">b</a> Franklin, p. 46 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin47-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-franklin47_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin47_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin47_62-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin47_62-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin47_62-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin47_62-5">f</a> Franklin, p. 47 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Franklin, pp. 42–43 </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Franklin, pp. 48–49 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin49-65"><a href="#cite_ref-franklin49_65-0">^</a> Franklin, p. 49 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin50-66"><a href="#cite_ref-franklin50_66-0">^</a> Franklin, p. 50 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin51-67"><a href="#cite_ref-franklin51_67-0">^</a> Franklin, p. 51 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin52-68"><a href="#cite_ref-franklin52_68-0">^</a> Franklin, p. 52 </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin53-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-franklin53_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-franklin53_69-1">b</a> Franklin, p. 53 </li> <li id="cite_note-finch168-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finch168_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch168_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch168_70-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch168_70-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch168_70-4">e</a> Finch, p. 168 </li> <li id="cite_note-finch169-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finch169_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch169_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finch169_71-2">c</a> Finch, p. 169 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman88-72"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman88_72-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 88 </li> <li id="cite_note-bluestone113-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bluestone113_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bluestone113_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bluestone113_73-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bluestone113_73-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bluestone113_73-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bluestone113_73-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bluestone113_73-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bluestone113_73-7">h</a> Bluestone, p. 113 </li> <li id="cite_note-finch170-74"><a href="#cite_ref-finch170_74-0">^</a> Finch, p. 170 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Finch, pp. 161, 170 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman89-76"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman89_76-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 89 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman90-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schulman90_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schulman90_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schulman90_77-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schulman90_77-3">d</a> Schulman, p. 90 </li> <li id="cite_note-logevall243-78"><a href="#cite_ref-logevall243_78-0">^</a> Logevall, p. 243 </li> <li id="cite_note-Bugliosi-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Bugliosi_79-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBugliosi2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bugliosi" title="Vincent Bugliosi">Bugliosi, Vincent</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reclaiminghistor00bugl/page/455">Reclaiming History: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy</a>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reclaiminghistor00bugl/page/455">455</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04525-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04525-3"><bdi>978-0-393-04525-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reclaiming+History%3A+The+Assassination+of+President+John+F.+Kennedy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=455&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04525-3&rft.aulast=Bugliosi&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freclaiminghistor00bugl%2Fpage%2F455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeymann2003" class="citation book cs1">Heymann, David C. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53222690">The Georgetown Ladies' Social Club : Power, Passion, and Politics in the Nation's Capital</a>. Atria Books. pp. 151–152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7434-2856-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7434-2856-0"><bdi>0-7434-2856-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53222690">53222690</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Georgetown+Ladies%27+Social+Club+%3A+Power%2C+Passion%2C+and+Politics+in+the+Nation%27s+Capital&rft.pages=151-152&rft.pub=Atria+Books&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53222690&rft.isbn=0-7434-2856-0&rft.aulast=Heymann&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F53222690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1957-pt10/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1957-pt10-9-1.pdf">"Senate – August 7, 1957"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 103 (10). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 13900. Retrieved February 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=Senate+%E2%80%93+August+7%2C+1957&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=13900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1957-pt10%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1957-pt10-9-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1957-pt12/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1957-pt12-6-1.pdf">"Senate – August 29, 1957"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 103 (12). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 16478. Retrieved February 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=Senate+%E2%80%93+August+29%2C+1957&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=16478&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1957-pt12%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1957-pt12-6-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1960-pt6/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1960-pt6-8-1.pdf">"Senate – April 8, 1960"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 106 (6). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 7810–7811. Retrieved February 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=Senate+%E2%80%93+April+8%2C+1960&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=7810-7811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1960-pt6%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1960-pt6-8-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt11/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt11-3-2.pdf">"Senate – June 19, 1964"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 110 (11). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 14511. Retrieved February 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=Senate+%E2%80%93+June+19%2C+1964&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=14511&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1964-pt11%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1964-pt11-3-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt5/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt5-4-2.pdf">"Senate – March 11, 1968"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 114 (5). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 5992. 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Retrieved February 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=Senate+%E2%80%93+March+27%2C+1962&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=5105&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1962-pt4%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1962-pt4-9-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt9/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt9-2-2.pdf">"Senate – May 26, 1965"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 111 (2). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 11752. 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Retrieved February 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=Senate+%E2%80%93+August+30%2C+1967&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=24656&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1967-pt18%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1967-pt18-7-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> TO PASS H.R. 6675, THE SOCIAL SECURITY AMENDMENTS OF 1965 </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> National Health Insurance Hearings Before the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, United States Senate, Ninety-first Congress, Second Session, on S. 4323, to Create a Health Security Program [and] S. 3830, to Amend the Public Health Service Act by Establishing a New Title X to Such Act to Provide Federal Assistance to Develop Local Comprehensive Health Service Systems, for Other Purposes, September 23 and 24, 1970 · Parts 1-2 </li> <li id="cite_note-johns590-92"><a href="#cite_ref-johns590_92-0">^</a> Johns, p. 590 </li> <li id="cite_note-johns588-93"><a href="#cite_ref-johns588_93-0">^</a> Johns, p. 588 </li> <li id="cite_note-johns589-94"><a href="#cite_ref-johns589_94-0">^</a> Johns, p. 589 </li> <li id="cite_note-johns591-95"><a href="#cite_ref-johns591_95-0">^</a> Johns, p. 591 </li> <li id="cite_note-logevall247-96"><a href="#cite_ref-logevall247_96-0">^</a> Logevall, p. 247 </li> <li id="cite_note-johns592-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johns592_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-johns592_97-1">b</a> Johns, p. 592 </li> <li id="cite_note-logevall248-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-logevall248_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall248_98-1">b</a> Logevall, p. 248 </li> <li id="cite_note-logevall249-99"><a href="#cite_ref-logevall249_99-0">^</a> Logevall, p. 249 </li> <li id="cite_note-johns608-100"><a href="#cite_ref-johns608_100-0">^</a> Johns, p. 608 </li> <li id="cite_note-johns607-101"><a href="#cite_ref-johns607_101-0">^</a> Johns, p. 607 </li> <li id="cite_note-logevall252-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-logevall252_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall252_102-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall252_102-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall252_102-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall252_102-4">e</a> Logevall, p. 252 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman95-103"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman95_103-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 95 </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Schulman, pp. 97–98 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman101-105"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman101_105-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 101 </li> <li id="cite_note-logevall254-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-logevall254_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall254_106-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall254_106-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall254_106-3">d</a> Logevall, p. 254 </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Logevall, pp. 254–255 </li> <li id="cite_note-logevall256-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-logevall256_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall256_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall256_108-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall256_108-3">d</a> Logevall, p. 256 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman103-109"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman103_109-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 103 </li> <li id="cite_note-logevall257-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-logevall257_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall257_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall257_110-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall257_110-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall257_110-4">e</a> Logevall, p. 257 </li> <li id="cite_note-logevall258-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-logevall258_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logevall258_111-1">b</a> Logevall, p. 258 </li> <li id="cite_note-cspan_a-112"><a href="#cite_ref-cspan_a_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-span.org/video/?326372-1/senator-mitch-mcconnell-legacy-senator-john-sherman-cooper">"Senator Mitch McConnell on Senator John Sherman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>. June 30, 2015. Retrieved February 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senator+Mitch+McConnell+on+Senator+John+Sherman&rft.pub=C-SPAN&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F326372-1%2Fsenator-mitch-mcconnell-legacy-senator-john-sherman-cooper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman105-113"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman105_113-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 105 </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Schulman, pp. 105–106 </li> <li id="cite_note-schulman107-115"><a href="#cite_ref-schulman107_115-0">^</a> Schulman, p. 107 </li> <li id="cite_note-cohn-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cohn_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohn_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohn_116-2">c</a> Cohn, "Bill to Name Area for Cooper Opposed" </li> <li id="cite_note-cumberland-117"><a href="#cite_ref-cumberland_117-0">^</a> "Kentucky Colleges Mark Commencement." Lexington Herald-Leader </li> <li id="cite_note-sculptures-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sculptures_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sculptures_118-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sculptures_118-2">c</a> "Group Raises $60,000 for Sculptures of Cooper." Lexington Herald-Leader </li> <li id="cite_note-adjourn-119"><a href="#cite_ref-adjourn_119-0">^</a> "U.S. Senate Adjourns in Memory of Cooper". Lexington Herald-Leader </li> <li id="cite_note-20th-120"><a href="#cite_ref-20th_120-0">^</a> "John Sherman Cooper." Lexington Herald-Leader </li> <li id="cite_note-award-121"><a href="#cite_ref-award_121-0">^</a> "Ex-Gov. Breathitt to Receive Award." 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Retrieved October 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Independent+From+Kentucky%3A+John+Sherman+Cooper&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxfocus.com%2F2013%2F03%2Fthe-independent-from-kentucky-john-sherman-cooper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBluestone2006" class="citation book cs1">Bluestone, Miriam D. (2006). "Cooper, John S.". In Chester J. Pach (ed.). Presidential Profiles: The Johnson Years. New York City: Facts on File, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5388-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5388-9"><bdi>978-0-8160-5388-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cooper%2C+John+S.&rft.btitle=Presidential+Profiles%3A+The+Johnson+Years&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+Inc&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5388-9&rft.aulast=Bluestone&rft.aufirst=Miriam+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn1983" class="citation news cs1">Cohn, Ray (December 8, 1983). "Bill to Name Area for Cooper Opposed". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. B1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lexington+Herald-Leader&rft.atitle=Bill+to+Name+Area+for+Cooper+Opposed&rft.pages=B1&rft.date=1983-12-08&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1986" class="citation journal cs1">Cooper, William (Spring 1986). "John Sherman Cooper: A Senator and His Constituents". Register of the Kentucky Historical Society. 84: 192–210.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Register+of+the+Kentucky+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=John+Sherman+Cooper%3A+A+Senator+and+His+Constituents&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=84&rft.pages=192-210&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=c000758">"Cooper, John Sherman"</a>. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Cooper%2C+John+Sherman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3Dc000758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1992" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, William (1992). "Cooper, John Sherman". In John E. Kleber (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415050946/http://www.kyenc.org/entry/c/COOPE01.html">The Kentucky Encyclopedia</a>. Associate editors: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Clark" title="Thomas D. Clark">Thomas D. Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowell_H._Harrison" title="Lowell H. Harrison">Lowell H. Harrison</a>, and James C. Klotter. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-1772-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-1772-0"><bdi>0-8131-1772-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyenc.org/entry/c/COOPE01.html">the original</a> on April 15, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cooper%2C+John+Sherman&rft.btitle=The+Kentucky+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8131-1772-0&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyenc.org%2Fentry%2Fc%2FCOOPE01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Ex-Gov. Breathitt to Receive Award – New Public Service Citation Honors John Sherman Cooper". Lexington Herald-Leader. October 5, 2000. p. B3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lexington+Herald-Leader&rft.atitle=Ex-Gov.+Breathitt+to+Receive+Award+%E2%80%93+New+Public+Service+Citation+Honors+John+Sherman+Cooper&rft.pages=B3&rft.date=2000-10-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinch1972" class="citation journal cs1">Finch, Glenn (April 1972). "The Election of United States Senators in Kentucky: The Cooper Period". Filson Club History Quarterly. 46: 161–178.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Filson+Club+History+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Election+of+United+States+Senators+in+Kentucky%3A+The+Cooper+Period&rft.volume=46&rft.pages=161-178&rft.date=1972-04&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin1984" class="citation journal cs1">Franklin, Douglas A. (Winter 1984). "The Politician as Diplomat: Kentucky's John Sherman Cooper in India, 1955–1956". Register of the Kentucky Historical Society. 82: 28–59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Register+of+the+Kentucky+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Politician+as+Diplomat%3A+Kentucky%27s+John+Sherman+Cooper+in+India%2C+1955%E2%80%931956&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=82&rft.pages=28-59&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23381056">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Group Raises $60,000 for Sculptures of Cooper". Lexington Herald-Leader. April 5, 1985. p. B2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lexington+Herald-Leader&rft.atitle=Group+Raises+%2460%2C000+for+Sculptures+of+Cooper&rft.pages=B2&rft.date=1985-04-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewlettHarry_Merrit1991" class="citation news cs1">Hewlett, Jennifer; Harry Merrit (February 23, 1991). "John Sherman Cooper Dies at 89 – U.S. Senator From Somerset Had Distinguished Political Career". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lexington+Herald-Leader&rft.atitle=John+Sherman+Cooper+Dies+at+89+%E2%80%93+U.S.+Senator+From+Somerset+Had+Distinguished+Political+Career&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=1991-02-23&rft.aulast=Hewlett&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Harry+Merrit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward" class="citation web cs1">Howard, Robert T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706153141/http://www.betathetapi.org/documents/resources/awards/3cooper.pdf">"John Sherman Cooper"</a> (PDF). Oxford Cup Roll. <a href="/wiki/Beta_Theta_Pi" title="Beta Theta Pi">Beta Theta Pi</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.betathetapi.org/documents/resources/awards/3cooper.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on July 6, 2011. Retrieved September 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Cup+Roll&rft.atitle=John+Sherman+Cooper&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Robert+T&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.betathetapi.org%2Fdocuments%2Fresources%2Fawards%2F3cooper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"John Sherman Cooper". Lexington Herald-Leader. December 31, 1999. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lexington+Herald-Leader&rft.atitle=John+Sherman+Cooper&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1999-12-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519130556/http://www.centre.edu/web/library/ency/c/cooper.html">"John Sherman Cooper: Centre College Class of 1922"</a>. CentreCyclopedia. Centre College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centre.edu/web/library/ency/c/cooper.html">the original</a> on May 19, 2011. Retrieved September 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CentreCyclopedia&rft.atitle=John+Sherman+Cooper%3A+Centre+College+Class+of+1922&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centre.edu%2Fweb%2Flibrary%2Fency%2Fc%2Fcooper.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohns2006" class="citation journal cs1">Johns, Andrew L. (October 2006). "Doves Among Hawks: Republican Opposition to the Vietnam War, 1964–1968". Peace & Change. 31 (4): 585–628. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0130.2006.00392.x">10.1111/j.1468-0130.2006.00392.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peace+%26+Change&rft.atitle=Doves+Among+Hawks%3A+Republican+Opposition+to+the+Vietnam+War%2C+1964%E2%80%931968&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=585-628&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0130.2006.00392.x&rft.aulast=Johns&rft.aufirst=Andrew+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Johns, Andrew L. "The Diplomacy of Quiet Candor: John Sherman Cooper's Tenure as Ambassador to India." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 119.1 (2021): 37–70.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Kentucky Colleges Mark Commencement". Lexington Herald-Leader. May 12, 1985. p. B1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lexington+Herald-Leader&rft.atitle=Kentucky+Colleges+Mark+Commencement&rft.pages=B1&rft.date=1985-05-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrebs1991" class="citation news cs1">Krebs, Albin (February 23, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/23/obituaries/john-sherman-cooper-dies-at-89-longtime-senator-from-kentucky.html">"John Sherman Cooper Dies at 89; Longtime Senator From Kentucky"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved September 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+Sherman+Cooper+Dies+at+89%3B+Longtime+Senator+From+Kentucky&rft.date=1991-02-23&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=Albin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F02%2F23%2Fobituaries%2Fjohn-sherman-cooper-dies-at-89-longtime-senator-from-kentucky.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLogevall2003" class="citation book cs1">Logevall, Fredrik (2003). "A Delicate Balance: John Sherman Cooper and the Republican Opposition to the Vietnam War". In Randall Bennett Woods (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vietnamamericanp00wood">Vietnam and the American Political Tradition: The Politics of Dissent</a>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vietnamamericanp00wood/page/n246">237</a>–258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81148-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81148-4"><bdi>978-0-521-81148-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Delicate+Balance%3A+John+Sherman+Cooper+and+the+Republican+Opposition+to+the+Vietnam+War&rft.btitle=Vietnam+and+the+American+Political+Tradition%3A+The+Politics+of+Dissent&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=237-258&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81148-4&rft.aulast=Logevall&rft.aufirst=Fredrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvietnamamericanp00wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchiner1982" class="citation book cs1">Mitchiner, Clarice James (1982). Senator John Sherman Cooper: Consummate Statesman. New York City: Arno Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-14099-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-14099-1"><bdi>0-405-14099-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Senator+John+Sherman+Cooper%3A+Consummate+Statesman&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Arno+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-405-14099-1&rft.aulast=Mitchiner&rft.aufirst=Clarice+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulman1976" class="citation book cs1">Schulman, Robert (1976). John Sherman Cooper: The Global Kentuckian. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-0220-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-0220-0"><bdi>0-8131-0220-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Sherman+Cooper%3A+The+Global+Kentuckian&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-8131-0220-0&rft.aulast=Schulman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmoot1995" class="citation journal cs1">Smoot, Richard C. (Spring 1995). "John Sherman Cooper: The Early Years, 1901–1927". Register of the Kentucky Historical Society. 93: 133–158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Register+of+the+Kentucky+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=John+Sherman+Cooper%3A+The+Early+Years%2C+1901%E2%80%931927&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=93&rft.pages=133-158&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Smoot&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_Cooper&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Sherman_Cooper" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Sherman Cooper">John Sherman Cooper</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/Featured_Bio_Cooper.htm">"John Sherman Cooper: A Featured Biography"</a>. Senate Historical Office. Retrieved September 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Sherman+Cooper%3A+A+Featured+Biography&rft.pub=Senate+Historical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fgeneric%2FFeatured_Bio_Cooper.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"U.S. Senate Adjourns in Memory of Cooper". Lexington Herald-Leader. February 27, 1991. p. B2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lexington+Herald-Leader&rft.atitle=U.S.+Senate+Adjourns+in+Memory+of+Cooper&rft.pages=B2&rft.date=1991-02-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130204093057/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,858472-1,00.html">"Whittledycut"</a>. Time. July 5, 1954. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,858472-1,00.html">the original</a> on February 4, 2013. Retrieved September 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Whittledycut&rft.date=1954-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C858472-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Sherman+Cooper" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207072756/http://www.time.com/time/covers/0%2C16641%2C19540705%2C00.html">Cooper on the cover of Time magazine, July 5, 1954</a></li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.95885">"Longines Chronoscope with John Sherman Cooper"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.95803">"Longines Chronoscope with Sen-Elect John S. Cooper (December 8, 1952)"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_A._Stanfill" title="William A. Stanfill">William A. Stanfill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky"> U.S. senator (Class 2) from Kentucky</a> November 6, 1946 – January 3, 1949 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Chapman" title="Virgil Chapman">Virgil Chapman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Underwood" title="Thomas R. Underwood">Thomas R. Underwood</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky"> U.S. senator (Class 2) from Kentucky</a> November 5, 1952 – January 3, 1955 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">Earle C. Clements</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Humphreys_(politician)" title="Robert Humphreys (politician)">Robert Humphreys</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky"> U.S. senator (Class 2) from Kentucky</a> November 7, 1956 – January 3, 1973 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">Earle Clements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">Thruston Ballard Morton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlow_Cook" title="Marlow Cook">Marlow Cook</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dee_Huddleston" title="Walter Dee Huddleston">Walter Dee Huddleston</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Richard J. Colbert</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Kentucky">from</a> <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 2</a>) <a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Kentucky" title="1946 United States Senate special election in Kentucky">1946</a>, <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1948 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Kentucky" title="1952 United States Senate special election in Kentucky">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1954 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1954</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Kentucky" title="1956 United States Senate special election in Kentucky">1956</a>, <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1960 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1960</a>, <a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1966 United States Senate election in Kentucky">1966</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louie_Nunn" title="Louie Nunn">Louie Nunn</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_V._Allen" title="George V. Allen">George V. Allen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to India">United States Ambassador to India</a> February 4, 1955 – April 9, 1956 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Bunker" title="Ellsworth Bunker">Ellsworth Bunker</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Grove" title="Brandon Grove">Brandon H. Grove Jr.</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_East_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to East Germany">United States Ambassador to East Germany</a> December 20, 1974 – September 28, 1976 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Bolen" title="Dave Bolen">David B. Bolen</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="Template:United States senators from Kentucky"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="Template talk:United States senators from Kentucky"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Kentucky"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">United States senators from Kentucky</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators#Class_2" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(Kentucky_politician,_born_1757)" title="John Brown (Kentucky politician, born 1757)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckner_Thruston" title="Buckner Thruston">Thruston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walker_(Kentucky_politician)" title="George Walker (Kentucky politician)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Barry" title="William T. Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_D._Hardin" title="Martin D. Hardin">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Morehead_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James T. Morehead (Kentucky politician)">Morehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Underwood" title="Joseph R. Underwood">J. Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burton_Thompson" title="John Burton Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_W._Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazarus W. Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._McCreery" title="Thomas C. McCreery">McCreery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lindsay_(Kentucky_politician)" title="William Lindsay (Kentucky politician)">Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Paynter" title="Thomas H. Paynter">Paynter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Murray_James" title="Ollie Murray James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Martin" title="George B. Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Owsley_Stanley" title="Augustus Owsley Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_M._Sackett" title="Frederic M. Sackett">Sackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Robsion" title="John M. Robsion">Robsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_M._Williamson" title="Ben M. Williamson">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._M._Logan" title="M. M. Logan">M. Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Stanfill" title="William A. Stanfill">Stanfill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Chapman" title="Virgil Chapman">Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Underwood" title="Thomas R. Underwood">T. Underwood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Humphreys_(politician)" title="Robert Humphreys (politician)">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dee_Huddleston" title="Walter Dee Huddleston">Huddleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators#Class_3" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Edwards (Kentucky politician)">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Marshall_(politician)" title="Humphrey Marshall (politician)">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breckinridge_(U.S._Attorney_General)" title="John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General)">J. Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adair" title="John Adair">Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Pope (Kentucky politician)">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Bledsoe" title="Jesse Bledsoe">Bledsoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Logan_(politician)" title="William Logan (politician)">W. Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Rowan (Kentucky politician)">Rowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Metcalfe_(Kentucky_politician)" title="Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky politician)">Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Meriwether_(Kentucky_politician)" title="David Meriwether (Kentucky politician)">Meriwether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Dixon" title="Archibald Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">J. C. Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Davis" title="Garrett Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_B._Machen" title="Willis B. Machen">Machen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._McCreery" title="Thomas C. McCreery">McCreery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Williams" title="John Stuart Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Deboe" title="William J. Deboe">Deboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._McCreary" title="James B. McCreary">McCreary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Connell_Bradley" title="William O'Connell Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_N._Camden_Jr." title="Johnson N. Camden Jr.">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._W._Beckham" title="J. C. W. Beckham">Beckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Ernst" title="Richard P. Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Withers" title="Garrett Withers">Withers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlow_Cook" title="Marlow Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Ford" title="Wendell Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bunning" title="Jim Bunning">Bunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Warren_Commission" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WarrenCommission" title="Template:WarrenCommission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WarrenCommission" title="Template talk:WarrenCommission"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WarrenCommission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WarrenCommission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Warren_Commission" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Members of the Warren Commission</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Hale Boggs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Sherman Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Welsh_Dulles" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen Welsh Dulles">Allen Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCloy" title="John J. McCloy">John J. McCloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Richard Russell Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_Ambassadors_to_India_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_India" title="Template:US Ambassadors to India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Ambassadors_to_India" title="Template talk:US Ambassadors to India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Ambassadors to India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_Ambassadors_to_India_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_India" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to India">United States Ambassadors to India</a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Grady" title="Henry F. Grady">Grady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loy_W._Henderson" title="Loy W. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Bowles" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester Bowles">Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V._Allen" title="George V. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Bunker" title="Ellsworth Bunker">Bunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Bowles" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester Bowles">Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Keating" title="Kenneth Keating">Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Saxbe" title="William B. Saxbe">Saxbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Goheen" title="Robert F. Goheen">Goheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_G._Barnes_Jr." title="Harry G. Barnes Jr.">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gunther_Dean" title="John Gunther Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Hubbard" title="John R. Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clark_Jr._(diplomat)" title="William Clark Jr. (diplomat)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Pickering" title="Thomas R. Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_G._Wisner" title="Frank G. Wisner">Wisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Celeste" title="Dick Celeste">Celeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Blackwill" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Blackwill">Blackwill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mulford" class="mw-redirect" title="David Mulford">Mulford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Roemer" title="Tim Roemer">Roemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Jo_Powell" title="Nancy Jo Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Verma" title="Richard R. Verma">Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Juster" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Juster">Juster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Garcetti" title="Eric Garcetti">Garcetti</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the US Department of State"><img alt="Seal of the US Department of State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/70px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/105px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/140px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kentucky&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_79th–92nd_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kentucky&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_79th–92nd_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>'s delegation(s) to the 79th–92nd <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> (ordered by seniority)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/79th_United_States_Congress" title="79th United States Congress">79th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">A. Barkley</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">H. Chandler</a> (D) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_A._Stanfill" title="William A. Stanfill">W. Stanfill</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_M._Robsion" title="John M. Robsion">J. Robsion</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Virgil_Chapman" title="Virgil Chapman">V. Chapman</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._May" title="Andrew J. May">A. May</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">B. Spence</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Emmet_O%27Neal_(Kentucky_politician)" title="Emmet O'Neal (Kentucky politician)">E. O'Neal</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Noble_Jones_Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble Jones Gregory">N. Gregory</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joe_B._Bates" title="Joe B. Bates">J. Bates</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">E. Clements</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/80th_United_States_Congress" title="80th United States Congress">80th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">A. Barkley</a> (D) · ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_M._Robsion" title="John M. Robsion">J. Robsion</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Virgil_Chapman" title="Virgil Chapman">V. Chapman</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">B. Spence</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Noble_Jones_Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble Jones Gregory">N. Gregory</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joe_B._Bates" title="Joe B. Bates">J. Bates</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">E. Clements</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Wendell_H._Meade" title="Wendell H. Meade">W. Meade</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_A._Whitaker" title="John A. Whitaker">J. Whitaker</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_(Kentucky_politician)" title="William Lewis (Kentucky politician)">W. Lewis</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/81st_United_States_Congress" title="81st United States Congress">81st</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">A. Barkley</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Virgil_Chapman" title="Virgil Chapman">V. Chapman</a> (D) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Garrett_Withers" title="Garrett Withers">G. Withers</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">E. Clements</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">B. Spence</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Noble_Jones_Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble Jones Gregory">N. Gregory</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joe_B._Bates" title="Joe B. Bates">J. Bates</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_A._Whitaker" title="John A. Whitaker">J. Whitaker</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/James_S._Golden" title="James S. Golden">J. Golden</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Underwood" title="Thomas R. Underwood">T. Underwood</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/82nd_United_States_Congress" title="82nd United States Congress">82nd</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Virgil_Chapman" title="Virgil Chapman">V. Chapman</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">E. Clements</a> (D) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Underwood" title="Thomas R. Underwood">T. Underwood</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">B. Spence</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Noble_Jones_Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble Jones Gregory">N. Gregory</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joe_B._Bates" title="Joe B. Bates">J. Bates</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_A._Whitaker" title="John A. Whitaker">J. Whitaker</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/James_S._Golden" title="James S. Golden">J. Golden</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Underwood" title="Thomas R. Underwood">T. Underwood</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Garrett_Withers" title="Garrett Withers">G. Withers</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/83rd_United_States_Congress" title="83rd United States Congress">83rd</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">E. Clements</a> (D) · ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">B. Spence</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Noble_Jones_Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble Jones Gregory">N. Gregory</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/James_S._Golden" title="James S. Golden">J. Golden</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Garrett_Withers" title="Garrett Withers">G. Withers</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_M._Robsion_Jr." title="John M. Robsion Jr.">J. Robsion Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">W. Natcher</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/84th_United_States_Congress" title="84th United States Congress">84th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">E. Clements</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">A. Barkley</a> (D) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_Humphreys_(politician)" title="Robert Humphreys (politician)">R. Humphreys</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">B. Spence</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Noble_Jones_Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble Jones Gregory">N. Gregory</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_M._Robsion_Jr." title="John M. Robsion Jr.">J. Robsion Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">W. Natcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eugene_Siler" title="Eugene Siler">E. Siler</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/85th_United_States_Congress" title="85th United States Congress">85th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">B. Spence</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Noble_Jones_Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble Jones Gregory">N. Gregory</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_M._Robsion_Jr." title="John M. Robsion Jr.">J. Robsion Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">W. Natcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eugene_Siler" title="Eugene Siler">E. Siler</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/86th_United_States_Congress" title="86th United States Congress">86th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">B. Spence</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">W. Natcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eugene_Siler" title="Eugene Siler">E. Siler</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Burke" title="Frank W. Burke">F. Burke</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Stubblefield" title="Frank Stubblefield">F. Stubblefield</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/87th_United_States_Congress" title="87th United States Congress">87th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">B. Spence</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">W. Natcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eugene_Siler" title="Eugene Siler">E. Siler</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Burke" title="Frank W. Burke">F. Burke</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Stubblefield" title="Frank Stubblefield">F. Stubblefield</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/88th_United_States_Congress" title="88th United States Congress">88th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">W. Natcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eugene_Siler" title="Eugene Siler">E. Siler</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Stubblefield" title="Frank Stubblefield">F. Stubblefield</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Gene_Snyder" title="Gene Snyder">G. Snyder</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/89th_United_States_Congress" title="89th United States Congress">89th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Chelf" title="Frank Chelf">F. Chelf</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">W. Natcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Stubblefield" title="Frank Stubblefield">F. Stubblefield</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tim_Lee_Carter" title="Tim Lee Carter">T. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Farnsley" title="Charles R. Farnsley">C. Farnsley</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/90th_United_States_Congress" title="90th United States Congress">90th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a> (R) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Marlow_Cook" title="Marlow Cook">M. Cook</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">W. Natcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Stubblefield" title="Frank Stubblefield">F. Stubblefield</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tim_Lee_Carter" title="Tim Lee Carter">T. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Gene_Snyder" title="Gene Snyder">G. Snyder</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Cowger" title="William Cowger">W. Cowger</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/91st_United_States_Congress" title="91st United States Congress">91st</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Marlow_Cook" title="Marlow Cook">M. Cook</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">W. Natcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Stubblefield" title="Frank Stubblefield">F. Stubblefield</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tim_Lee_Carter" title="Tim Lee Carter">T. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Gene_Snyder" title="Gene Snyder">G. Snyder</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Cowger" title="William Cowger">W. Cowger</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/92nd_United_States_Congress" title="92nd United States Congress">92nd</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Cooper</a> (R) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Marlow_Cook" title="Marlow Cook">M. Cook</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Perkins" title="Carl D. Perkins">C. Perkins</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Watts" title="John C. Watts">J. Watts</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">W. Natcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Stubblefield" title="Frank Stubblefield">F. Stubblefield</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tim_Lee_Carter" title="Tim Lee Carter">T. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Gene_Snyder" title="Gene Snyder">G. Snyder</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Romano_Mazzoli" title="Romano Mazzoli">R. Mazzoli</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_P._Curlin_Jr." title="William P. Curlin Jr.">W. Curlin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324970#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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