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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_breakfast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ancient breakfast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_breakfast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Ancient Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Ancient Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Rome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Ancient Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages_(500–1500)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages_(500–1500)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middle Ages (500–1500)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages_(500–1500)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_breakfast_(1500–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_breakfast_(1500–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Modern breakfast (1500–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_breakfast_(1500–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.2</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.3</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.4</span> <span>Lebanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3.1</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3.2</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3.3</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3.4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4.2</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>The Caribbean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_on_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Effect on health</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effect_on_health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effect on health subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scientific_findings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_findings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Scientific findings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_findings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthy_choice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthy_choice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Healthy choice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthy_choice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Breakfast</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 91 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontbyt" title="Ontbyt – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ontbyt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgenmete" title="Morgenmete – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Morgenmete" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="إفطار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إفطار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B7" title="Նախաճաշ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նախաճաշ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almuerzu" title="Almuerzu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Almuerzu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambosa" title="Rambosa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rambosa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6" title="প্রাতরাশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাতরাশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makan_baisukan" title="Makan baisukan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Makan baisukan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1-t%C7%B9g" title="Chá-tǹg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chá-tǹg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%82%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Иртәнге аш – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иртәнге аш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сняданак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сняданак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сьняданак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьняданак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamahaw" title="Pamahaw – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pamahaw" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Закуска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Закуска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lein" title="Lein – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lein" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmorzar" title="Esmorzar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esmorzar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ирхи апат – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ирхи апат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamahaw" title="Pamahaw – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pamahaw" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sn%C3%ADdan%C4%9B" title="Snídaně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Snídaně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisvusvuro" title="Chisvusvuro – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chisvusvuro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brecwast" title="Brecwast – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brecwast" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgenmad" title="Morgenmad – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Morgenmad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck" title="Frühstück – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frühstück" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hommikus%C3%B6%C3%B6k" title="Hommikusöök – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hommikusöök" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C" title="Πρωινό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωινό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desayuno" title="Desayuno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Desayuno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matenman%C4%9Do" title="Matenmanĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Matenmanĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosari" title="Gosari – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gosari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="صبحانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صبحانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9jeuner" title="Déjeuner – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Déjeuner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biadh-maidne" title="Biadh-maidne – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Biadh-maidne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almorzo" title="Almorzo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Almorzo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%B9%A8_(%EC%8B%9D%EC%82%AC)" title="아침 (식사) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아침 (식사)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B7" title="Նախաճաշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նախաճաշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doru%C4%8Dak" title="Doručak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Doručak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarapan" title="Sarapan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sarapan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukudla_Kwasekuseni" title="Ukudla Kwasekuseni – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukudla Kwasekuseni" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgunmatur" title="Morgunmatur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Morgunmatur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colazione" title="Colazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="ארוחת בוקר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארוחת בוקר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarapan" title="Sarapan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sarapan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejne" title="Dejne – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dejne" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9Ft%C3%AA" title="Taştê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Taştê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ientaculum" title="Ientaculum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ientaculum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brokastis" title="Brokastis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Brokastis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffi_(Molzecht)" title="Kaffi (Molzecht) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kaffi (Molzecht)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusry%C4%8Diai" title="Pusryčiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pusryčiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desgiuner" title="Desgiuner – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Desgiuner" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Појадок – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Појадок" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BD" title="പ്രാതൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രാതൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarapan" title="Sarapan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sarapan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Өглөөний унд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Өглөөний унд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatalau" title="Ikatalau – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ikatalau" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontbijt" title="Ontbijt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ontbijt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4n%C3%A8ten" title="Mänèten – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mänèten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%A3%9F" title="朝食 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朝食" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frokost" title="Frokost – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frokost" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frukost" title="Frukost – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frukost" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨਾਸ਼ਤਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਸ਼ਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="ناشتا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ناشتا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B6hst%C3%BCck" title="Fröhstück – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fröhstück" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aniadanie" title="Śniadanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Śniadanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desjejum" title="Desjejum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Desjejum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mic_dejun" title="Mic dejun – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mic dejun" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Завтрак – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Завтрак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%A5%D2%A5%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Сарсыардааҥҥы аһылык – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сарсыардааҥҥы аһылык" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABngjesi_(ushqim)" title="Mëngjesi (ushqim) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mëngjesi (ushqim)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast" title="Breakfast – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Breakfast" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qureec" title="Qureec – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qureec" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بەرچایی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرچایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doru%C4%8Dak" title="Doručak – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Doručak" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doru%C4%8Dak" title="Doručak – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Doručak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumuluk" title="Mumuluk – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mumuluk" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aamiainen" title="Aamiainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aamiainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frukost" title="Frukost – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frukost" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agahan" title="Agahan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Agahan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="காலை உணவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காலை உணவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%82%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Иртәнге аш – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иртәнге аш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="อาหารเช้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาหารเช้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahvalt%C4%B1" title="Kahvaltı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kahvaltı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Сніданок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сніданок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%81" title="ناشتہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناشتہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%AFa_%C4%83n_s%C3%A1ng" title="Bữa ăn sáng – Vietnamese" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Meal eaten in the morning</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the meal following a Jewish fast, see <a href="/wiki/Break_fast" title="Break fast">Break fast</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Breakfast (disambiguation)">Breakfast (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breakfast_at_the_Black_Bear_Diner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Breakfast_at_the_Black_Bear_Diner.jpg/220px-Breakfast_at_the_Black_Bear_Diner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Breakfast_at_the_Black_Bear_Diner.jpg/330px-Breakfast_at_the_Black_Bear_Diner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Breakfast_at_the_Black_Bear_Diner.jpg/440px-Breakfast_at_the_Black_Bear_Diner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>A typical <a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> breakfast, composed of a <a href="/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle">waffle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruits" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruits">fruits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juice" title="Juice">juice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scrambled_eggs" title="Scrambled eggs">scrambled eggs</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:200px"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meals</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Floris_Claesz._van_Dyck_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Still life with fruits, nuts, and large wheels of cheese." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Floris_Claesz._van_Dyck_001.jpg/190px-Floris_Claesz._van_Dyck_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Floris_Claesz._van_Dyck_001.jpg/285px-Floris_Claesz._van_Dyck_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Floris_Claesz._van_Dyck_001.jpg/380px-Floris_Claesz._van_Dyck_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2270" data-file-height="1459" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f4eea1; padding-top: 0"> Meals</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suhur" title="Suhur">Suhur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_breakfast" title="Second breakfast">Second breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevenses" title="Elevenses">Elevenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunch" title="Brunch">Brunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunch" title="Lunch">Lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_(meal)" title="Tea (meal)">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merienda" title="Merienda">Merienda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffin" title="Tiffin">Tiffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinner" title="Dinner">Dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supper" title="Supper">Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">Iftar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siu_yeh" title="Siu yeh">Siu yeh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snack" title="Snack">Snack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_meal" title="Combination meal">Combination meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids%27_meal" title="Kids' meal">Kids' meal</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f4eea1; padding-top: 0"> Components and <a href="/wiki/Course_(food)" title="Course (food)">courses</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full-course_dinner" title="Full-course dinner">Full-course dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasting_menu" title="Tasting menu">Tasting menu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amuse-bouche" title="Amuse-bouche">Amuse-bouche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hors_d%27oeuvre" title="Hors d'oeuvre">Hors d'oeuvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">Soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entr%C3%A9e" title="Entrée">Entrée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting" title="Roasting">Roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_course" title="Main course">Main course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">Salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">Side dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entremets" class="mw-redirect" title="Entremets">Entremets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">Dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoury_(dish)" title="Savoury (dish)">Savoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal_preparation" title="Meal preparation">Meal preparation</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f4eea1; padding-top: 0"> Related concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_la_carte" title="À la carte">À la carte</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffet" title="Buffet">Buffet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating" title="Eating">Eating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazing_(human_eating_pattern)" title="Grazing (human eating pattern)">Grazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_breakfast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of breakfast">History of breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayan" title="Kamayan">Kamayan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Table_d%27h%C3%B4te" title="Table d'hôte">Table d'hôte</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_manners" title="Table manners">Table manners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_setting" title="Table setting">Table setting</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meals" title="Template:Meals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meals" title="Template talk:Meals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Breakfast</b> is the first <a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">meal</a> of the day usually eaten in the morning.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word in English refers to breaking the <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a> period of the previous night.<sup id="cite_ref-a5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various "typical" or "traditional" breakfast menus exist, with food choices varying by regions and traditions worldwide. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>, a regular morning meal was called <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">morgenmete</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the word <i>dinner</i>, which originated from <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Romance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Romance">Gallo-Romance</a> <i>desjunare</i> ("to break one's fast"), referred to a meal after <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the mid-13th century, that meaning of <i>dinner</i> faded away, and around the 15th century "breakfast" came into use in written English to describe a morning meal.<sup id="cite_ref-a5_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_breakfast">Ancient breakfast</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ancient_Egypt">Ancient Egypt</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian cuisine</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, peasants ate a daily meal, most likely in the morning, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onions</a> before they left for work in the fields or work commanded by the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaohs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional breakfast believed to have been cooked in ancient Egypt was fūl (made from <a href="/wiki/Fava_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Fava beans">fava beans</a>, possibly the ancestor of today's <a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">ful medames</a>), <a href="/wiki/Baladi#Baladi_foods" title="Baladi">baladi</a> bread, made from <a href="/wiki/Emmer_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmer wheat">emmer wheat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">falafel</a>, and a mixture of fava beans with onions, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">parsley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">coriander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ancient_Greece">Ancient Greece</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek cuisine</a></div> <p>In Greek literature, there are numerous mentions of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">ariston</i></span>, a meal taken not long after sunrise. The <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> notes this meal with regard to a labor-weary woodsman eager for a light repast to start his day, preparing it even as he is aching with exhaustion.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson,_pg_9_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson,_pg_9-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opening prose of the 16th book of the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> mentions breakfast as the meal being prepared in the morning before attending to one's chores.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">ariston</i></span> was moved to around noon, and a new morning meal was introduced. </p><p>In the post-Homeric classical period of Greece, a meal called <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">akratisma</i></span> was typically consumed immediately after rising in the morning.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson,_pg_9_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson,_pg_9-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Akratisma</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀκρατισμός</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">akratismos</i></span>) consisted of <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> bread dipped in <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄκρατος</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">akratos</i></span>), sometimes complemented by <a href="/wiki/Common_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fig">figs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also made <a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">pancakes</a> called <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">tēganitēs</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τηγανίτης</span></span>), <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">tagēnitēs</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ταγηνίτης</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">tagēnias</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ταγηνίας</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all words deriving from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">tagēnon</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τάγηνον</span></span>), meaning "frying pan".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest attested references on <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">tagēnias</i></span> are in the works of the 5th century BC poets <a href="/wiki/Cratinus" title="Cratinus">Cratinus</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Magnes_(comic_poet)" title="Magnes (comic poet)">Magnes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another kind of pancake was <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">staititēs</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σταιτίτης</span></span>), from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">staitinos</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σταίτινος</span></span>), "of flour or dough of <a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">spelt</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> derived itself from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">stais</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σταῖς</span></span>), "flour of spelt".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Athenaeus" title="Athenaeus">Athenaeus</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Deipnosophistae" title="Deipnosophistae">Deipnosophistae</a> mentions <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">staititas</i></span> topped with <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ancient_Rome">Ancient Rome</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman cuisine</a></div> <p>Romans called breakfast <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ientaculum</i></span>. It was usually composed of everyday staples like bread, cheese, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">salad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culinary_nut" class="mw-redirect" title="Culinary nut">nuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a>, and cold meat left over from the night before.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also drank wine-based drinks such as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mulsum</i></span>, a mixture of wine, honey, and <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">aromatic spices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1st century Latin poet Martial said that <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ientaculum</i></span> was eaten at 3:00 or 4:00 in the morning, while 16th century scholar Claudius Saumaise wrote that it was typically eaten at 9:00 or 10:00 a.m. It seems unlikely that any fixed time was truly assigned for this meal.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roman soldiers woke up to a breakfast of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">pulmentus</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a> similar to the Italian <a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a>, made from roasted spelt wheat or barley that was then pounded and cooked in a <a href="/wiki/Cauldron" title="Cauldron">cauldron</a> of water.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages_(500–1500)"><span id="Middle_Ages_.28500.E2.80.931500.29"></span>Middle Ages (500–1500)</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval cuisine</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/68px-System-search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/90px-System-search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <b>factual accuracy is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Breakfast#Disputed" title="Talk:Breakfast">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medieval_baker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Medieval_baker.jpg/300px-Medieval_baker.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Medieval_baker.jpg/450px-Medieval_baker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Medieval_baker.jpg/600px-Medieval_baker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="1292" /></a><figcaption>A medieval <a href="/wiki/Baker" title="Baker">baker</a> with his apprentice. As seen in the illustration, round loaves were among the most common.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the European <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, breakfast was not usually considered a necessary and important meal, and was practically nonexistent during the earlier medieval period. Monarchs and their entourages would spend a lot of time around a table for meals. Only two formal meals were eaten per day—one at mid-day and one in the evening. The exact times varied by period and region, but this two-meal system remained consistent throughout the Middle Ages. </p><p>Breakfast in some times and places was solely granted to children, the elderly, the sick, and to working men. Anyone else did not speak of or partake in eating in the morning. Eating breakfast meant that one was poor, was a low-status farmer or laborer who truly needed the energy to sustain his morning's labor, or was too weak to make it to the large, midday dinner.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_na_fazenda_(1),_N.ELAC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Caf%C3%A9_na_fazenda_%281%29%2C_N.ELAC.jpg/220px-Caf%C3%A9_na_fazenda_%281%29%2C_N.ELAC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Caf%C3%A9_na_fazenda_%281%29%2C_N.ELAC.jpg/330px-Caf%C3%A9_na_fazenda_%281%29%2C_N.ELAC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Caf%C3%A9_na_fazenda_%281%29%2C_N.ELAC.jpg/440px-Caf%C3%A9_na_fazenda_%281%29%2C_N.ELAC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3845" data-file-height="2884" /></a><figcaption>Breakfast in Brazil</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 13th century, breakfast when eaten sometimes consisted of a piece of rye bread and a bit of cheese. Morning meals would not include any meat, and would likely include 0.4 imperial gallons (1.8 L) of low alcohol-content beers. Uncertain quantities of bread and ale could have been consumed in between meals.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 15th century, breakfast in western Europe often included meat.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, noble men were seen to indulge in breakfast, making it more of a common practice, and by the early 16th century, recorded expenses for breakfast became customary. Breakfast in eastern Europe remained mostly the same as the modern day: a "<a href="/wiki/Breakfast_by_country#Continental_breakfast" title="Breakfast by country">continental breakfast</a>". The 16th century introduction of caffeinated beverages into the European diet was also an addition to breakfast; it was believed that <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a> aid the body in "evacuation of superfluities".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_breakfast_(1500–present)"><span id="Modern_breakfast_.281500.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Modern breakfast (1500–present)</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Africa">Africa</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab cuisine</a></div> <p>Traditionally, the various cuisines of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> use a combination of locally available <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cereal_grain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cereal grain">cereal grains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a> products. In some parts of the continent, the traditional diet features milk, <a href="/wiki/Curd" title="Curd">curd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whey" title="Whey">whey</a> products. A type of porridge is most commonly eaten. In the book <i>The Bible cyclopædia (et al.)</i> published in 1843, it was documented that during this time in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a> often utilized <a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locusts</a> mixed with <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a> for breakfast, spreading the mixture on unleavened bread.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Egypt">Egypt</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian cuisine</a></div> <p>In the book <i>The Bible cyclopædia (et al.)</i> published in 1843, it was documented that Egyptians were early risers that sometimes had a first meal consisting of coffee along with the smoking of a <a href="/wiki/Smoking_pipe_(tobacco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking pipe (tobacco)">pipe</a>, and did not eat breakfast until noon.<sup id="cite_ref-Bible_cyclopædia_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bible_cyclopædia-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, it was documented that Egyptian breakfast foods included bread, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese" title="Egyptian cheese">cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">eggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curd" title="Curd">curds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clotted_cream" title="Clotted cream">clotted cream</a> and stewed beans.<sup id="cite_ref-Bible_cyclopædia_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bible_cyclopædia-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, fava beans are an established national breakfast dish.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia">Asia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian cuisine</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_traditional_family_breakfast_in_the_Isan,_Thailand.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/A_traditional_family_breakfast_in_the_Isan%2C_Thailand.JPG/275px-A_traditional_family_breakfast_in_the_Isan%2C_Thailand.JPG" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/A_traditional_family_breakfast_in_the_Isan%2C_Thailand.JPG/413px-A_traditional_family_breakfast_in_the_Isan%2C_Thailand.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/A_traditional_family_breakfast_in_the_Isan%2C_Thailand.JPG/550px-A_traditional_family_breakfast_in_the_Isan%2C_Thailand.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A family breakfast in the <a href="/wiki/Isan" title="Isan">Isan</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thailand</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h5></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">Iftar</a></i></span> refers to the <a href="/wiki/Supper" title="Supper">evening meal</a> when <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> break their <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">sawm</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fast</a>) during the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic month</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan_(calendar_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramadan (calendar month)">Ramadan</a>. <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Iftar</i></span> is one of the religious observances of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, and is often done as a community, with people gathering to break their fast together. <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Iftar</i></span> is done right after <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Maghrib" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghrib">Maghrib</a></i></span> (sunset) time. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims replace traditional breakfast with <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Suhoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Suhoor">suhoor</a></i></span>, an <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> term referring to the meal consumed early in the morning by Muslims before <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">sawm</i></span> during daylight hours. The meal is eaten before <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Fajr" class="mw-redirect" title="Fajr">fajr</a></i></span> (dawn).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Levantine_Breakfast_with_a_Variety_of_Local_Delights.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Traditional_Levantine_Breakfast_with_a_Variety_of_Local_Delights.jpg/220px-Traditional_Levantine_Breakfast_with_a_Variety_of_Local_Delights.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Traditional_Levantine_Breakfast_with_a_Variety_of_Local_Delights.jpg/330px-Traditional_Levantine_Breakfast_with_a_Variety_of_Local_Delights.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Traditional_Levantine_Breakfast_with_a_Variety_of_Local_Delights.jpg/440px-Traditional_Levantine_Breakfast_with_a_Variety_of_Local_Delights.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1459" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Levantine Breakfast with a Variety of Local Delights.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Israel">Israel</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_breakfast" title="Israeli breakfast">Israeli breakfast</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Japan">Japan</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_by_country#Japan" title="Breakfast by country">Breakfast by country § Japan</a></div> <p>In Japan, it is common to eat <a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">miso soup</a> and rice porridge for breakfast.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese cuisine</a></div> <p>In the book <i>The Bible cyclopædia (et al.)</i> it was documented that <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1843</span>, poor <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese people</a> would consume raw <a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">leeks</a> with bread for breakfast.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe_2">Europe</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Savoury_part_of_sea_breakfast_on_Viking_Gabriella.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Savoury_part_of_sea_breakfast_on_Viking_Gabriella.jpg/220px-Savoury_part_of_sea_breakfast_on_Viking_Gabriella.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Savoury_part_of_sea_breakfast_on_Viking_Gabriella.jpg/330px-Savoury_part_of_sea_breakfast_on_Viking_Gabriella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Savoury_part_of_sea_breakfast_on_Viking_Gabriella.jpg/440px-Savoury_part_of_sea_breakfast_on_Viking_Gabriella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Buffet breakfast on the ship <a href="/wiki/MS_Gabriella" title="MS Gabriella">MS <i>Gabriella</i></a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Austria">Austria</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian cuisine</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">croissant</a> appears to have originated in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria, in 1683.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="France">France</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petit_dejeuner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Petit_dejeuner.jpg/220px-Petit_dejeuner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Petit_dejeuner.jpg/330px-Petit_dejeuner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Petit_dejeuner.jpg/440px-Petit_dejeuner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A continental breakfast</figcaption></figure> <p>French breakfasts are often similar to the continental breakfast.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French breakfast <a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">pastries</a> include apple <a href="/wiki/Turnover_(food)" title="Turnover (food)">turnovers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brioche" title="Brioche">brioche</a>, croissant<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pain_au_chocolat" title="Pain au chocolat">pain au chocolat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croissants have been described as becoming a standard fare in <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> breakfast cuisine by 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch cuisine</a></div> <p>Breakfast usually consists of bread with a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Cold_cut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold cut">cold cuts</a>, cheeses and sweet toppings; such as <i><a href="/wiki/Hagelslag" title="Hagelslag">hagelslag</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vlokken" title="Vlokken">vlokken</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Muisjes" title="Muisjes">muisjes</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gestampte_muisjes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestampte muisjes">gestampte muisjes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/gestampte_muisjes" class="extiw" title="nl:gestampte muisjes">nl</a>]</span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_spread" title="Chocolate spread">chocolate spread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treacle" title="Treacle">treacle</a> (a thick, dark brown sugar syrup called <i>stroop</i>), <a href="/wiki/Apple_butter" title="Apple butter">apple butter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter" title="Peanut butter">peanut butter</a>. </p><p>The word <a href="/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle">waffle</a> derives from the Dutch word <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">wafel</i></span>, which itself derives from the Middle Dutch <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">wafele</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is likely the origin of the food as it is known today.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British cuisine</a></div> <p>In the early 16th century, some physicians warned against eating breakfast, because they said it was not healthy to eat before a prior meal was digested.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1550s, however, there were multiple sources that claimed breakfast was an important meal. For example, in 1551, Thomas Wingfield stated that breakfast was essential. In 1589, Thomas Cogan stated that it was unhealthy to miss breakfast in the morning. He was one of the first to claim that it was healthy for those who were not young, ill or elders to eat breakfast.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast" title="Full breakfast">full breakfast</a> is a staple of <a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British cuisine</a>, and typically consists of <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sausage#Britain_and_Ireland" title="Sausage">sausages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a>, often served with a variety of side dishes and a beverage such as <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>. Prior to 1600, breakfast in Great Britain typically included bread, cold meat or fish, and <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tea, <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a> and coffee were introduced to Great Britain in the mid-1600s, and in the 1700s coffee and chocolate were adopted as breakfast drinks by the fashionable.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tea eventually became more popular than chocolate as a breakfast drink.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_America">North America</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas#North_America" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Cuisine of the Americas – North America</a></div> <p>The first groups known to have produced <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maple_sugar" title="Maple sugar">maple sugar</a> were <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples</a> living in the northeastern part of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. According to aboriginal oral traditions, as well as archaeological evidence, maple tree sap was being processed into syrup long before Europeans arrived in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Canada">Canada</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lumberjacks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lumberjacks.jpg/220px-Lumberjacks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lumberjacks.jpg/330px-Lumberjacks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lumberjacks.jpg/440px-Lumberjacks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>Lumberjacks</figcaption></figure> <p>While it has been a source of controversy where the lumberjack breakfast came from, the most cited source is that the lumberjack breakfast was first served in a Vancouver hotel, in 1870. The breakfast consisted of eggs, assorted fried pork strips, and <a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">flapjacks</a>. It is said by <a href="/wiki/Anita_Stewart_(culinary_author)" title="Anita Stewart (culinary author)">Anita Stewart</a> that the tradition of hearty cooking developed because of men needing the energy for manual labor.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mexico">Mexico</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican cuisine</a></div> <p>A typical Aztec breakfast often included corn <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a> with honey and chillies, or tortillas with beans and <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(Mexican_cuisine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (Mexican cuisine)">salsa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chilaquiles" title="Chilaquiles">Chilaquiles</a> are a staple breakfast dish that dates back to the times of the Aztecs; they consist of <a href="/wiki/Tortilla_chips" class="mw-redirect" title="Tortilla chips">tortilla chips</a> (locally known as "totopos") slathered in <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(Mexican_cuisine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (Mexican cuisine)">salsa</a> and usually come with a side of <a href="/wiki/Refried_beans" title="Refried beans">refried beans</a>. Depending on the region or person, they may be eaten with fried or scrambled eggs, pulled chicken, sprinkled cheese, <a href="/wiki/Crema_(dairy_product)" title="Crema (dairy product)">crema</a>, diced onion, or chopped cilantro (coriander) leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eggs are also a staple in Mexican breakfasts, scrambled and fried eggs are usually eaten with tortillas, salsa, and beans; local varieties include <a href="/wiki/Huevos_rancheros" title="Huevos rancheros">huevos rancheros</a> and "huevos con tortilla", which are scrambled eggs fried alongside pieces of corn tortillas. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_cereal" title="Breakfast cereal">Breakfast cereals</a> are also common in Mexico, mainly due to American influence. Health concerns have arisen regarding the nutritional quality of processed breakfast cereal; it is estimated that Mexican preschoolers consume 7% of their total energy intake from processed breakfast cereals and that 6% of Mexican children exclusively have ready-to-eat cereals with milk for breakfast.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="United_States">United States</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_breakfast_foods" title="List of American breakfast foods">List of American breakfast foods</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the United States">Cuisine of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_cereal" title="Breakfast cereal">Breakfast cereal</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_breakfast_cereals" title="List of breakfast cereals">List of breakfast cereals</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egg_and_cheese_breakfast_sandwich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Egg_and_cheese_breakfast_sandwich.jpg/220px-Egg_and_cheese_breakfast_sandwich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Egg_and_cheese_breakfast_sandwich.jpg/330px-Egg_and_cheese_breakfast_sandwich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Egg_and_cheese_breakfast_sandwich.jpg/440px-Egg_and_cheese_breakfast_sandwich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2589" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scrambled_eggs" title="Scrambled eggs">egg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_cheese_(North_America)" title="Swiss cheese (North America)">cheese</a> <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_sandwich" title="Breakfast sandwich">breakfast sandwich</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cereal_with_Milk_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cereal_with_Milk_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/220px-Cereal_with_Milk_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cereal_with_Milk_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/330px-Cereal_with_Milk_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cereal_with_Milk_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/440px-Cereal_with_Milk_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5899" data-file-height="3938" /></a><figcaption>Cereal with milk</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1620, <a href="/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle">waffles</a> were first introduced to North America by <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">pilgrims</a> who had lived in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Serna-Saldivar_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Serna-Saldivar-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later pioneers consumed largely <a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">cornmeal</a>-based breakfasts, and would also consume meals such as <a href="/wiki/Oatmeal" title="Oatmeal">oatmeal</a> for dinner and lunch.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_Early_Show_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS_Early_Show-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common breakfast products included <a href="/wiki/Corn_pone" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn pone">corn pone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnnycake" title="Johnnycake">johnnycakes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashcake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashcake (page does not exist)">ashcakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoe-cake" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoe-cake">hoe-cakes</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn_dodger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corn dodger (page does not exist)">corn dodgers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_Early_Show_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS_Early_Show-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ashcakes consisted of cornmeal wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a> leaves cooked in the ashes of a <a href="/wiki/Campfire" title="Campfire">campfire</a>, while corn pone is baked, corn dodgers are pan fried, and hoe-cakes are similar to pancakes.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_Early_Show_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS_Early_Show-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, it became fairly common in America to eat sandwiches that were made of ham and eggs. These sandwiches were not strictly consumed in the morning. In 1897, the first true <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_sandwich" title="Breakfast sandwich">breakfast sandwich</a> recipe was published in a cookbook.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Popcorn" title="Popcorn">Popcorn cereal</a> was consumed by Americans in the 1800s, which typically consisted of popcorn with milk and a sweetener.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cold <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_cereal" title="Breakfast cereal">breakfast cereal</a> has been consumed by Americans since the late 1890s, and during the 1920s a considerable number of new cereals were marketed.<sup id="cite_ref-1920s_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1920s-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason for this movement towards cold breakfast cereals was inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Clean_living_movement#Jacksonian_Era_Clean_Living_Movement_(1830–1860)" title="Clean living movement">Jacksonian-era Clean Living Movement</a> (1830–1860). This movement focused on a lot of lifestyle changes, but specific to breakfast it claimed that eating bacon, eggs, pancakes and hot coffee was too indulgent.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first prepared cold breakfast cereal marketed to American consumers was created by <a href="/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg" title="John Harvey Kellogg">Dr. John Harvey Kellogg</a>, who introduced it in 1878 and named it <a href="/wiki/Granola" title="Granola">granola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sivulka_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sivulka-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The product was prepared with baked wheat, oatmeal and cornmeal, and was the first brand-name breakfast cereal in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Sivulka_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sivulka-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canned <a href="/wiki/Juice" title="Juice">fruit juice</a> became prominent as a breakfast beverage after the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> C. 1900, orange juice as a breakfast beverage was a new concept.<sup id="cite_ref-Sivulka_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sivulka-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of frozen <a href="/wiki/Orange_juice" title="Orange juice">orange juice</a> concentrate began in 1915, and in the 1930s it was produced by several companies.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass-produced</a> <a href="/wiki/Tomato_juice" title="Tomato juice">tomato juice</a> began to be marketed in the mid-1920s, and became a popular breakfast drink a few years thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-1920s_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1920s-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Caribbean">The Caribbean</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Haitian_spaghetti" title="Haitian spaghetti">Haitian spaghetti</a> is a common breakfast dish in <a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effect_on_health">Effect on health</h2></div> <p>While breakfast is commonly referred to as "the most important meal of the day",<sup id="cite_ref-gio_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gio-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some contest the positive implications of its "most important" status.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_findings">Scientific findings</h3></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">epidemiological</a> research indicates that having breakfast high in rapidly available <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrates">carbohydrates</a> increases the risk of <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-maki_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maki-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">Memory</a> was found to be adversely affected in subjects of a study who had not eaten their breakfast (q.v. also <i>Studies using mice</i> under this heading). Intelligence was not affected.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children aged within 8 and 11 years were found to have differing brainwave; <a href="/wiki/EEG" class="mw-redirect" title="EEG">EEG</a> activity states, causative to breakfast consumption. Non-breakfasting children were observed to have higher activity of upper and lower <a href="/wiki/Theta_wave" title="Theta wave">theta wave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpha_wave" title="Alpha wave">alpha wave</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Delta_wave" title="Delta wave">delta wave</a>, which indicated a causative relationship of breakfast consumption to memory function in the subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A review of 47 studies associating breakfast to (i) nutrition, (ii) body weight and (iii) academic performance found amongst those who had eaten breakfast: (i) better nutrition profiles, many studies found less weight (ii) irrespective of greater calorific consumption per day, although a number did not find this correlation, (iii) studies suggested a possible link to better academic performance in the breakfast eating groups (q.v. Benton and Parker 1998, under this heading).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The influence of breakfast on managing body weight is unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-LeidyGwin2016_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeidyGwin2016-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid30700403_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30700403-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthy_choice">Healthy choice</h3></div> <p>Present professional opinion is largely in favor of eating breakfast,<sup id="cite_ref-gio_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gio-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but skipping breakfast might be better than eating unhealthy foods.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_by_country" title="Breakfast by country">Breakfast by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_television" title="Breakfast television">Breakfast television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunch" title="Brunch">Brunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_history" title="Food history">Food history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_breakfast-related_articles" title="Index of breakfast-related articles">Index of breakfast-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_breakfast" title="Instant breakfast">Instant breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breakfast_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of breakfast beverages">List of breakfast beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breakfast_foods" title="List of breakfast foods">List of breakfast foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_and_beverage_museums" title="List of food and beverage museums">List of food and beverage museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_breakfast" title="Midnight breakfast">Midnight breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_food" title="Timeline of food">Timeline of food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_breakfast" title="Wedding breakfast">Wedding breakfast</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/breakfast">"Breakfast – definition of breakfast"</a>. Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breakfast+%E2%80%93+definition+of+breakfast&rft.pub=Free+Online+Dictionary%2C+Thesaurus+and+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2Fbreakfast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a5-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a5_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a5_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Anderson">Anderson</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=breakfast&searchmode=none">"Breakfast"</a>. Etymonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breakfast&rft.pub=Etymonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fallowed_in_frame%3D0%26search%3Dbreakfast%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Albala">Albala</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaoliTinsleyBiancoMoro2019" class="citation journal cs1">Paoli, Antonio; Tinsley, Grant; Bianco, Antonino; Moro, Tatiana (28 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6520689">"The Influence of Meal Frequency and Timing on Health in Humans: The Role of Fasting"</a>. <i>Nutrients</i>. <b>11</b> (4): 719. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu11040719">10.3390/nu11040719</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2072-6643">2072-6643</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6520689">6520689</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30925707">30925707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrients&rft.atitle=The+Influence+of+Meal+Frequency+and+Timing+on+Health+in+Humans%3A+The+Role+of+Fasting&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=719&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6520689%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2072-6643&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30925707&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fnu11040719&rft.aulast=Paoli&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.au=Tinsley%2C+Grant&rft.au=Bianco%2C+Antonino&rft.au=Moro%2C+Tatiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6520689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcock2006" class="citation book cs1">Alcock, Joan (2006). <i>Food in the Ancient World</i>. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-33003-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-33003-4"><bdi>0-313-33003-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+in+the+Ancient+World&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-313-33003-4&rft.aulast=Alcock&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElnasharty,_Tasnim2020" class="citation web cs1">Elnasharty, Tasnim (11 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabamerica.com/the-most-famous-traditional-egyptian-breakfast-foul-and-falafel/#:~:text=Taameya%2FFalafel%20is%20another%20Egyptian%20breakfast%20favorite.%20Taameya%2FFalafel%20is,onion%2C%20and%20garlic%2C%20giving%20its%20vibrant%20green%20color.">"The Most Famous Traditional Egyptian Breakfast—Foul and Falafel"</a>. <i>www.arabamerica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.arabamerica.com&rft.atitle=The+Most+Famous+Traditional+Egyptian+Breakfast%E2%80%94Foul+and+Falafel&rft.date=2020-03-11&rft.au=Elnasharty%2C+Tasnim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabamerica.com%2Fthe-most-famous-traditional-egyptian-breakfast-foul-and-falafel%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DTaameya%252FFalafel%2520is%2520another%2520Egyptian%2520breakfast%2520favorite.%2520Taameya%252FFalafel%2520is%2Conion%252C%2520and%2520garlic%252C%2520giving%2520its%2520vibrant%2520green%2520color.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson,_pg_9-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson,_pg_9_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson,_pg_9_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Anderson">Anderson</a>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homer (2005) <i>The Odyssey</i>. London: Macmillan. p. 265. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1909621455" title="Special:BookSources/1909621455">1909621455</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flacelière R. <i>La Vie quotidienne en Grèce au temps de Périclès</i>. Paris: Hachette, 1988 (1st edn. 1959). p. 205. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-01-005966-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-01-005966-2">2-01-005966-2</a>, translated in English as <i>Daily Life in Greece at the Time of Pericles</i>. London: Phoenix Press, 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84212-507-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84212-507-9">1-84212-507-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dtaghni%2Fths">ταγηνίτης</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dtaghni%2Fas">ταγηνίας</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dta%2Fghnon">τάγηνον</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cratinus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/comicorumatticor01kockuoft#page/52/mode/1up">125</a>, Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ricotti, Eugenia Salza Prina (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iJWhUOazBvsC&dq=tagenites&pg=PA111"><i>Meals and recipes from ancient Greece</i></a>. Getty Publications. p. 111. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0892368764" title="Special:BookSources/0892368764">0892368764</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dalby, Andrew (1996) <i>Siren feasts: a history of food and gastronomy in Greece</i>. Routledge. p. 91. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415156578" title="Special:BookSources/9780415156578">9780415156578</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spiller, Gene A. (1991) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Y9PAltb6B0C&dq=teganites++pancake&pg=PA34"><i>The Mediterranean diets in health and disease</i></a>. AVI/Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 34. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0442004494" title="Special:BookSources/0442004494">0442004494</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dstai%2Ftinos">σταίτινος</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dstai%3Ds">σταῖς</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atheneaus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+646b&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0405">The Deipnosophists, 646b</a>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dalby, Andrew (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FtIXAe2qYDgC&dq=tagenites+staitites+pancake&pg=PA71"><i>Food in the ancient world from A to Z</i></a>. Routledge. p. 71. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415232597" title="Special:BookSources/0415232597">0415232597</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Athenaeus and Olson, S. Douglas (2011) <i>The Learned Banqueters, Volume VII: Books 13.594b-14</i>, Loeb Classical Library. pp. 277–78. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674996739" title="Special:BookSources/0674996739">0674996739</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Albala">Albala</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley1852" class="citation book cs1">Riley, H.T. (1852). <i>The Comedies of Plautus</i>. London: Henry G. Bohn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Comedies+of+Plautus&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Henry+G.+Bohn&rft.date=1852&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=H.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecker1844" class="citation book cs1">Becker, B. A. (1844). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b29319560"><i>Roman Scenes of the Time of Augustus; With Notes and Excursus Illustrative of the Manners and Customs of the Romans</i></a>. London: John w. Parker. p. 357.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Scenes+of+the+Time+of+Augustus%3B+With+Notes+and+Excursus+Illustrative+of+the+Manners+and+Customs+of+the+Romans&rft.place=London&rft.pages=357&rft.pub=John+w.+Parker&rft.date=1844&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=B.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fb29319560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katz, Solomon H. and Weaver, William Woys (2002) <i>Encyclopedia of Food and Culture</i>. Vol 1. p. 244. Charles Scribner & Sons. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0684805685" title="Special:BookSources/0684805685">0684805685</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond1993" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, P.W. (1993). <i>Food & Feast in Medieval England</i>. Phoenix Mill: Alan Sutton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+%26+Feast+in+Medieval+England&rft.place=Phoenix+Mill&rft.pub=Alan+Sutton&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=P.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks2001" class="citation book cs1">Hicks, M.A. (2001). <i>Revolution and consumption in late medieval England</i>. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+and+consumption+in+late+medieval+England&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=M.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Anderson">Anderson</a>, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Anderson">Anderson</a>, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Goodhugh">Goodhugh</a>, p. 779</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bible_cyclopædia-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bible_cyclopædia_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bible_cyclopædia_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Goodhugh">Goodhugh</a>, p. 843</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bsisu, May (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3BiX3o1VXfAC&q=breakfast&pg=PA4"><i>The Arab Table: Recipes and Culinary Traditions</i></a>. HarperCollins. p. 105. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0060586141" title="Special:BookSources/0060586141">0060586141</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/islam/ramadan.shtml">"BBC — Schools — Religion — Islam"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+%E2%80%94+Schools+%E2%80%94+Religion+%E2%80%94+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fschools%2Freligion%2Fislam%2Framadan.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenney-Herbert1885" class="citation journal cs1">Kenney-Herbert, Arthur (1885). "Culinary Jottings For Madras". <i>Culinary Jottings, A Treatise for Anglo-Indian Exiles</i> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Culinary+Jottings%2C+A+Treatise+for+Anglo-Indian+Exiles&rft.atitle=Culinary+Jottings+For+Madras&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Kenney-Herbert&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Goodhugh">Goodhugh</a>, p. 755</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Calvel, Raymond (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xe0HePwpQrwC&dq=austria%2C+croissant&pg=PA141"><i>The Taste of Bread</i></a>. Springer. p. 141. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0834216469" title="Special:BookSources/0834216469">0834216469</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott-Hamilton, Carolyn (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6rGLWOlJax8C&dq=austria%2C+croissant&pg=PA115"><i>The Healthy Voyager's Global Kitchen: 150 Plant-Based Recipes From Around the World</i></a>. Fair Winds. p. 115. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1610581741" title="Special:BookSources/1610581741">1610581741</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kittler, Pamela Goyan; Sucher, Kathryn P. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eKdbaMY5AHEC&dq=breakfast%2C+france&pg=PA151"><i>Food and Culture</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 151. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/049511541X" title="Special:BookSources/049511541X">049511541X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clarke, Stephen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o6Rn-0WTQukC&dq=french+breakfast,+history&pg=PT273"><i>1000 Years of Annoying the French</i>.</a> Open Road Media. p. (unlisted). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1453243585" title="Special:BookSources/1453243585">1453243585</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edelstein, Sari (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lj0CeaIIETkC&dq=breakfast+history%2C+france&pg=PA138"><i>Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals</i></a>. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 138. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0763759651" title="Special:BookSources/0763759651">0763759651</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/waffle">"Definition of waffle"</a>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+waffle&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fwaffle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duda, Carlene (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mY8iKyFNV7QC&dq=waffle,+breakfast&pg=PT95"><i>Beyond Oatmeal: 101 Breakfast Recipes</i></a>. Cedar Fort. p. 83. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1599550180" title="Special:BookSources/1599550180">1599550180</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLind1988" class="citation book cs1">Lind, L. R. (1988). <i>On the Care of the Aged; and Maximianus, Elegies on Old Age and Love</i>. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0871691825" title="Special:BookSources/0871691825"><bdi>0871691825</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Care+of+the+Aged%3B+and+Maximianus%2C+Elegies+on+Old+Age+and+Love&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0871691825&rft.aulast=Lind&rft.aufirst=L.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Albala">Albala</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mason, Laura (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9rFIyN1OWfQC&dq=breakfast%2C+drinks&pg=PA34"><i>Food Culture In Great Britain</i></a>. pp. 34–35. Greenwood Publishing Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/031332798X" title="Special:BookSources/031332798X">031332798X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiesla2002" class="citation book cs1">Ciesla, William M (2002). <i>Non-wood forest products from temperate broad-leaved trees</i>. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 37, 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-104855-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-5-104855-9"><bdi>978-92-5-104855-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Non-wood+forest+products+from+temperate+broad-leaved+trees&rft.pages=37%2C+104&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-92-5-104855-9&rft.aulast=Ciesla&rft.aufirst=William+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525093903/http://www.mi-maplesyrup.com/about/history.htm">"History"</a>. 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Univ of South Carolina Press. pp. 57–59. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1570033005" title="Special:BookSources/1570033005">1570033005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1920s-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1920s_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1920s_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Drowne, Kathleen Morgan; Huber, Patrick (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CecCHiI95dYC&dq=breakfast%2C+tomato+juice&pg=PA122"><i>Nineteen Twenties</i></a>. 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Cengage Learning. pp. 87–90. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/113331113X" title="Special:BookSources/113331113X">113331113X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Andrew F. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC&dq=CARNATION+Breakfast+Drink&pg=PT95"><i>The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today&rft.atitle=My+mom%27s+Haitian+spaghetti+recipe+started+a+century+ago+with+an+assassination&rft.date=2024-02-26&rft.aulast=Lamour&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Ffood%2Fessay%2Fhaitian-spaghetti-history-rcna138878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2015" class="citation book cs1">Long, Lucy M. (17 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ&q=spaghetti&pg=PA257"><i>Ethnic American Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia</i></a>. 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href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPifferiAujard2019" class="citation journal cs1">Pifferi, Fabien; Aujard, Fabienne (December 2019). "Caloric restriction, longevity and aging: Recent contributions from human and non-human primate studies". <i>Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry</i>. <b>95</b>: 109702. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pnpbp.2019.109702">10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109702</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31325469">31325469</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:197404162">197404162</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Neuro-Psychopharmacology+and+Biological+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Caloric+restriction%2C+longevity+and+aging%3A+Recent+contributions+from+human+and+non-human+primate+studies&rft.volume=95&rft.pages=109702&rft.date=2019-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A197404162%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31325469&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pnpbp.2019.109702&rft.aulast=Pifferi&rft.aufirst=Fabien&rft.au=Aujard%2C+Fabienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cited_sources">Cited sources</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Albala" class="citation book cs1">Albala, Ken (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&context=cop-facbooks"><i>Hunting for Breakfast in Medieval and Early Modern Europe</i></a>. Devon, UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hunting+for+Breakfast+in+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.place=Devon%2C+UK&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Albala&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycommons.pacific.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1034%26context%3Dcop-facbooks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Anderson" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Heather Arndt (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C"><i>Breakfast: A History</i></a>. AltaMira Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0759121652" title="Special:BookSources/978-0759121652"><bdi>978-0759121652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breakfast%3A+A+History&rft.pub=AltaMira+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0759121652&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Heather+Arndt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5LghYCqDJw8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Goodhugh" class="citation book cs1">Goodhugh, William; Cooke Taylor, William, eds. (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2tEOAAAAQAAJ"><i>The Bible cyclopædia: or, Illustrations of the civil and natural history of the sacred writings</i></a>. Oxford University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+cyclop%C3%A6dia%3A+or%2C+Illustrations+of+the+civil+and+natural+history+of+the+sacred+writings&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1843&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2tEOAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Breakfast</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/breakfast" class="extiw" title="wikt:breakfast">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Breakfast" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Breakfast">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Breakfast" class="extiw" title="q:Breakfast">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Breakfast" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Breakfast">Recipes</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80973" class="extiw" title="d:Q80973">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKealey2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Terence_Kealey" title="Terence Kealey">Kealey, Terence</a> (2016). <i>Breakfast Is a Dangerous Meal: Why You Should Ditch Your Morning Meal for Health and Wellbeing</i>. London: Fourth Estate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0008172343" title="Special:BookSources/978-0008172343"><bdi>978-0008172343</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/994867927">994867927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breakfast+Is+a+Dangerous+Meal%3A+Why+You+Should+Ditch+Your+Morning+Meal+for+Health+and+Wellbeing&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Fourth+Estate&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F994867927&rft.isbn=978-0008172343&rft.aulast=Kealey&rft.aufirst=Terence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>History of breakfast <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780759121638"><i>Breakfast: A History</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780759121638" title="Special:BookSources/9780759121638">9780759121638</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_5B-MAEACAAJ&q=meal+history,+breakfast"><i>The English Breakfast: The Biography of a National Meal, with Recipes</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0857854542" title="Special:BookSources/0857854542">0857854542</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IH6KFJ4Om0oC&dq=breakfast+history&pg=PA142"><i>Eating History: Thirty Turning Points in the Making of American Cuisine</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231140932" title="Special:BookSources/0231140932">0231140932</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fJ_JDp9OgJEC&dq=meal+history%2C+breakfast&pg=PA24"><i>Food and Cooking in Victorian England: A History</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0275987086" title="Special:BookSources/0275987086">0275987086</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KwtE4v_qS4EC&dq=meal+history,+breakfast&pg=PT363"><i>Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1118098757" title="Special:BookSources/1118098757">1118098757</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D7IhN7lempUC&dq=meal+history%2C+breakfast&pg=PA179"><i>Ency Kitchen History</i></a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0203319176" title="Special:BookSources/0203319176">0203319176</a> (scroll down in preview)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QmevzbQ0AsIC&dq=meal+history%2C+breakfast&pg=PA184"><i>A History of Food</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/144430514X" title="Special:BookSources/144430514X">144430514X</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m2MDbbzwXaQC&dq=meal+history%2C+breakfast&pg=PA57"><i>Southern Food: At Home, on the Road, in History</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0807844179" title="Special:BookSources/0807844179">0807844179</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WHKScx-5jSUC&dq=meal+history,+breakfast&pg=PT132"><i>Internal Cleansing, Revised 2nd Edition</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0307874419" title="Special:BookSources/0307874419">0307874419</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RVSBSwAACAAJ"><i>Corn Meal for Breakfast, Dinner, Supper</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1149900814" title="Special:BookSources/1149900814">1149900814</a></li> <li>Albala, Ken (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yJAgAQAAIAAJ&q=history+of+pancake"><i>Pancake: A Global History</i></a>. Reaktion Books.</li></ul></li> <li>History of breakfast cereal <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gtqEWcA73BEC&dq=history+of+breakfast+cereal&pg=PA615"><i>Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0824782941" title="Special:BookSources/0824782941">0824782941</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WKY0h5YrQVwC&dq=history+of+breakfast+cereal&pg=PA645"><i>Chemistry and Technology of Cereals as Food and Feed</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0442308302" title="Special:BookSources/0442308302">0442308302</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bcaXzXPP8ooC&dq=history+of+breakfast+cereal&pg=PA15"><i>An Uncommon History of Common Things</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1426204205" title="Special:BookSources/1426204205">1426204205</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zqWSQ6BkJAcC&dq=history+of+breakfast+cereal&pg=PA171"><i>An Irresistible History of Southern Food: Four Centuries of Black Eyed Peas, Collard Greens, and Whole Hog Barbecue</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1609491939" title="Special:BookSources/1609491939">1609491939</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&dq=meal+history%2C+breakfast&pg=PA261"><i>Foods and Nutrition Encyclopedia, Volume 1</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0849389801" title="Special:BookSources/0849389801">0849389801</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other sources <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JgEXRkCfISsC&q=ricore%2C+breakfast&pg=PA14"><i>Joie de Vivre: Simple French Style for Everyday Living</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1439106843" title="Special:BookSources/1439106843">1439106843</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKealey2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Terence_Kealey" title="Terence Kealey">Kealey, Terence</a> (2016). <i>Breakfast is a Dangerous Meal: Why You Should Ditch Your Morning Meal For Health and Wellbeing</i>. London: Fourth Estate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0008172343" title="Special:BookSources/978-0008172343"><bdi>978-0008172343</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/994867927">994867927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breakfast+is+a+Dangerous+Meal%3A+Why+You+Should+Ditch+Your+Morning+Meal+For+Health+and+Wellbeing&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Fourth+Estate&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F994867927&rft.isbn=978-0008172343&rft.aulast=Kealey&rft.aufirst=Terence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakfast" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breakfast_drinks" title="List of breakfast drinks">List of breakfast drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breakfast_cereals" title="List of breakfast cereals">List of breakfast cereals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breakfast_foods" title="List of breakfast foods">List of breakfast foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_breakfast-related_articles" title="Index of breakfast-related articles">Index of breakfast-related articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Breakfast" title="Category:Breakfast">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Breakfast" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Breakfast">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meals_navbox" title="Template:Meals navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meals_navbox" 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href="/wiki/Lunch" title="Lunch">Lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_(meal)" title="Tea (meal)">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merienda" title="Merienda">Merienda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffin" title="Tiffin">Tiffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinner" title="Dinner">Dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supper" title="Supper">Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">Iftar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siu_yeh" title="Siu yeh">Siu yeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components<br />and <a href="/wiki/Course_(food)" title="Course (food)">courses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif" title="Apéritif and digestif">Apéritif and digestif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hors_d%27oeuvre" title="Hors d'oeuvre">Hors d'oeuvre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amuse-bouche" title="Amuse-bouche">Amuse-bouche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">Soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entr%C3%A9e" title="Entrée">Entrée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting" title="Roasting">Roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_course" title="Main course">Main course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">Salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">Side dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entremets" class="mw-redirect" title="Entremets">Entremets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">Dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoury_(dish)" title="Savoury (dish)">Savoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal_replacement" title="Meal replacement">Meal replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snack" title="Snack">Snack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foodservice#Table_service" title="Foodservice">Table service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffet" title="Buffet">Buffet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord" class="mw-redirect" title="Smörgåsbord">smörgåsbord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_belt_sushi" title="Conveyor belt sushi">Conveyor belt sushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dish_(food)" title="Dish (food)">Dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_food" title="Finger food">Finger food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-course_dinner" title="Full-course dinner">Full-course dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platter_(dinner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Platter (dinner)">Platter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod%C3%ADzio" title="Rodízio">Rodízio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_%C3%A0_la_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Service à la française">Service à la française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_%C3%A0_la_russe" title="Service à la russe">Service à la russe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_service" title="Silver service">Silver service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_plates" title="Small plates">Small plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_reservation" title="Table reservation">Table reservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_fresco_dining" class="mw-redirect" title="Al fresco dining">Al fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_room" title="Dining room">Dining room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eating_utensils" title="List of eating utensils">Eating utensils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_presentation" title="Food presentation">Food presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnish_(cooking)" title="Garnish (cooking)">Garnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyotaimori" title="Nyotaimori">Nyotaimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_mont%C3%A9e" title="Pièce montée">Pièce montée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serving_size" title="Serving size">Serving size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_setting" title="Table setting">Table setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablecloth" title="Tablecloth">Tablecloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableware" title="Tableware">Tableware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_manners" title="Table manners">Table manners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eating_utensil_etiquette" title="Eating utensil etiquette">Eating utensil etiquette</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toast_(honor)" title="Toast (honor)">Toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiting_staff" title="Waiting staff">Waiting staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anju_(food)" title="Anju (food)">Anju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipasto" title="Antipasto">Antipasto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicchetti" title="Cicchetti">Cicchetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banchan" title="Banchan">Banchan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Korean_table_d%27h%C3%B4te" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean table d'hôte">Korean table d'hôte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandeja_paisa" title="Bandeja paisa">Bandeja paisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastarkh%C4%81n" title="Dastarkhān">Dastarkhān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim sum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yum_cha" title="Yum cha">Yum cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fika_(Sweden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fika (Sweden)">Fika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izakaya" title="Izakaya">Izakaya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sakana" title="Sakana">Sakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiseki" title="Kaiseki">Kaiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_and_three" title="Meat and three">Meat and three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okazuya" title="Okazuya">Okazuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_lunch" title="Plate lunch">Plate lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu_pu_platter" title="Pu pu platter">Pu pu platter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_and_three" title="Rice and three">Rice and three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rijsttafel" title="Rijsttafel">Rijsttafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhya">Sadhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord" class="mw-redirect" title="Smörgåsbord">Smörgåsbord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas" title="Tapas">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thali" title="Thali">Thali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffin" title="Tiffin">Tiffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakuski" title="Zakuski">Zakuski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Packed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline_meal" title="Airline meal">Airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bento" title="Bento">Bento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">Convenience food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosirak" title="Dosirak">Dosirak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekiben" title="Ekiben">Ekiben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_rations" title="Emergency rations">Emergency rations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_meal" title="Frozen meal">Frozen meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_breakfast" title="Instant breakfast">Instant breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABbako" title="Jūbako">Jūbako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninja_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninja diet">Ninja diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packed_lunch" title="Packed lunch">Packed lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_food" title="Space food">Space food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take-out" title="Take-out">Take-out</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Menu" title="Menu">Menus</a> and<br />meal deals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_la_carte" title="À la carte">À la carte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-plate_special" title="Blue-plate special">Blue-plate special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_meal" title="Combination meal">Combination meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_lunch" title="Free lunch">Free lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_refill" title="Free refill">Free refill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_hour" title="Happy hour">Happy hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids%27_meal" title="Kids' meal">Kids' meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_meal" title="School meal">School meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspended_meal" title="Suspended meal">Suspended meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_d%27h%C3%B4te" title="Table d'hôte">Table d'hôte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasting_menu" title="Tasting menu">Tasting menu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Degustation" title="Degustation">Degustation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_menu" title="Value menu">Value menu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communal_meal" title="Communal meal">Communal meals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">Banquet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_banquet" title="State banquet">State banquet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercium" title="Commercium">Commercium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_in" title="Dining in">Dining in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">Iftar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picnic" title="Picnic">Picnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potluck" title="Potluck">Potluck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seder" class="mw-redirect" title="Seder">Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittning" title="Sittning">Sittning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_kitchen" title="Soup kitchen">Soup kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supra_(feast)" title="Supra (feast)">Supra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableround" class="mw-redirect" title="Tableround">Tableround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_party" title="Tea party">Tea party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catering" title="Catering">Catering</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">food delivery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">Food delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_food_ordering" title="Online food ordering">Online food ordering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_restaurant" title="Virtual restaurant">Virtual restaurant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places to eat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafeteria" title="Cafeteria">Cafeteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_room" title="Dining room">Dining room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">Food 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title="Salumeria">Salumeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_culture" title="Tea culture">Tea culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Meals" title="Category:Meals">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" 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