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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ظاهرة فكرية حركية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ظاهرة فكرية حركية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenter-Effekt" title="Carpenter-Effekt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Carpenter-Effekt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efecto_ideomotor" title="Efecto ideomotor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Efecto ideomotor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideomotora_efiko" title="Ideomotora efiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ideomotora efiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_id%C3%A9omoteur" title="Effet idéomoteur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Effet idéomoteur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effetto_ideomotorio" title="Effetto ideomotorio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Effetto ideomotorio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="האפקט האידיאומוטורי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האפקט האידיאומוטורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideomotorisch_effect" title="Ideomotorisch effect – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ideomotorisch effect" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjawisko_ideomotoryczne" title="Zjawisko ideomotoryczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zjawisko ideomotoryczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efeito_ideomotor" title="Efeito ideomotor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Efeito ideomotor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Идеомоторный акт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Идеомоторный акт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Идеомоторни феномен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Идеомоторни феномен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideomotoreffekten" title="Ideomotoreffekten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ideomotoreffekten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Ідеомоторний акт – 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tables_Tournantes_-_L%27Illustration%2C_Paris%2C_14_May_1853_%28page_1_crop%29.jpg/220px-Tables_Tournantes_-_L%27Illustration%2C_Paris%2C_14_May_1853_%28page_1_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tables_Tournantes_-_L%27Illustration%2C_Paris%2C_14_May_1853_%28page_1_crop%29.jpg/330px-Tables_Tournantes_-_L%27Illustration%2C_Paris%2C_14_May_1853_%28page_1_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tables_Tournantes_-_L%27Illustration%2C_Paris%2C_14_May_1853_%28page_1_crop%29.jpg/440px-Tables_Tournantes_-_L%27Illustration%2C_Paris%2C_14_May_1853_%28page_1_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption>An example of <a href="/wiki/Table-turning" title="Table-turning">table-turning</a> in 19th century France. A circle of participants press their hands against a table, and the ideomotor effect causes the table to tilt in such a way as to produce a written message, in a manner similar to a ouija board.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faraday_apparatus_for_ideomotor_effect_on_table_turning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Faraday_apparatus_for_ideomotor_effect_on_table_turning.png/220px-Faraday_apparatus_for_ideomotor_effect_on_table_turning.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Faraday_apparatus_for_ideomotor_effect_on_table_turning.png/330px-Faraday_apparatus_for_ideomotor_effect_on_table_turning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Faraday_apparatus_for_ideomotor_effect_on_table_turning.png/440px-Faraday_apparatus_for_ideomotor_effect_on_table_turning.png 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="963" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Faraday's</a> apparatus for experimental demonstration of ideomotor effect on table-turning</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>ideomotor phenomenon</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Psychological" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological">psychological</a> phenomenon wherein a subject makes motions <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconsciously</a>. Also called <b>ideomotor response</b> (or <b>ideomotor reflex</b>) and abbreviated to <b>IMR</b>, it is a concept in <a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">hypnosis</a> and psychological research.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is derived from the terms "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ideo" class="extiw" title="wikt:ideo">ideo</a>" (idea, or <a href="/wiki/Mental_representation" title="Mental representation">mental representation</a>) and "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/motor" class="extiw" title="wikt:motor">motor</a>" (muscular action). The phrase is most commonly used in reference to the process whereby a thought or mental image brings about a seemingly "reflexive" or automatic <a href="/wiki/Muscular" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscular">muscular</a> reaction, often of minuscule degree, and potentially outside of the <a href="/wiki/Awareness" title="Awareness">awareness</a> of the subject. As in responses to pain, the body sometimes reacts reflexively with an ideomotor effect to ideas alone without the person consciously deciding to take action. The effects of <a href="/wiki/Automatic_writing" title="Automatic writing">automatic writing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">dowsing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">facilitated communication</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">applied kinesiology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ouija" title="Ouija">ouija</a> boards have been attributed to the phenomenon.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The associated term "ideo-<i>dynamic</i> response" (or "reflex") applies to a wider domain, and extends to the description of all bodily reactions (including ideo-motor and ideo-sensory responses) caused in a similar manner by certain ideas, e.g., the salivation often caused by imagining sucking a lemon, which is a secretory response. The notion of an ideo-dynamic response contributed to <a href="/wiki/James_Braid_(surgeon)" title="James Braid (surgeon)">James Braid</a>'s first neuropsychological explanation of the principle through which <a href="/wiki/Suggestion" title="Suggestion">suggestion</a> operated in <a href="/wiki/Hypnotism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypnotism">hypnotism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_scientific_investigation">History of scientific investigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideomotor_phenomenon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of scientific investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Affections_of_the_Mind-(Thomas_Brown)-(Yeates%27s_representation).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Affections_of_the_Mind-%28Thomas_Brown%29-%28Yeates%27s_representation%29.tif/lossless-page1-220px-Affections_of_the_Mind-%28Thomas_Brown%29-%28Yeates%27s_representation%29.tif.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Affections_of_the_Mind-%28Thomas_Brown%29-%28Yeates%27s_representation%29.tif/lossless-page1-330px-Affections_of_the_Mind-%28Thomas_Brown%29-%28Yeates%27s_representation%29.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Affections_of_the_Mind-%28Thomas_Brown%29-%28Yeates%27s_representation%29.tif/lossless-page1-440px-Affections_of_the_Mind-%28Thomas_Brown%29-%28Yeates%27s_representation%29.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>Brown's "Affections of the Mind",<br />as discussed in his <i>Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind</i><br />(Yeates, 2005, p.119).</figcaption></figure> <p>With the rise of <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a> in 1840s, <a href="/wiki/Mediums" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediums">mediums</a> devised and refined a variety of techniques for communicating, ostensibly, with the spirit world including <a href="/wiki/Table-turning" title="Table-turning">table-turning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planchette" title="Planchette">planchette</a> writing boards (the precursor to later <a href="/wiki/Ouija" title="Ouija">Ouija</a> boards). These phenomena and devices quickly became the subject of scientific investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <b>ideomotor</b> was first used by <a href="/wiki/William_Benjamin_Carpenter" title="William Benjamin Carpenter">William Benjamin Carpenter</a> in 1852. In a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific paper">scientific paper</a> that specifically discussed the means through which <a href="/wiki/James_Braid_(surgeon)" title="James Braid (surgeon)">James Braid's</a> "hypnotism" produced its effects,<sup id="cite_ref-WBCI_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBCI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carpenter derived the word <i>ideomotor</i> from the components <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ideo" class="extiw" title="wikt:ideo">ideo</a></i>, meaning "idea" or "mental representation", and <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/motor" class="extiw" title="wikt:motor">motor</a></i>, meaning "muscular action". In the paper, Carpenter explained his theory that <a href="/wiki/Muscular" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscular">muscular</a> movement can be independent of <a href="/wiki/Conscious" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscious">conscious</a> desires or emotions;<sup id="cite_ref-WBCI_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBCI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hence the alternative term "Carpenter effect". </p><p>Carpenter was a friend and collaborator of James Braid, the founder of modern hypnotism. Braid soon adopted Carpenter's ideo-motor terminology, to facilitate the transmission of his most fundamental views, based upon those of his teacher, the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brown_(philosopher)" title="Thomas Brown (philosopher)">Thomas Brown</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the efficacy of hypnotic suggestion was contingent upon the subject's concentration upon a single (thus, "dominant") idea. </p><p> In 1855, Braid explained his decision to abandon his earlier term "mono-ideo-motor", based on Carpenter's (1852) "ideo-motor principle", and adopt the more appropriate and more descriptive term "mono-ideo-dynamic".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His decision was based upon suggestions made to Carpenter (in 1854) by their friend in common, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noble_(physician)" title="Daniel Noble (physician)">Daniel Noble</a>, that the activity that Carpenter was describing would be more accurately understood in its wider applications (viz., wider than pendulums and ouija boards) if it were to denominated the "ideo-dynamic principle":<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>In order that I may do full justice to two esteemed friends, I beg to state, in connection with this term <i>monoideo-dynamics</i>, that, several years ago, Dr. W. B. Carpenter introduced the term <i>ideo-motor</i> to characterise the reflex or automatic muscular motions which arise merely from ideas associated with motion existing in the mind, without any conscious effort of volition. In 1853, in referring to this term, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noble_(physician)" title="Daniel Noble (physician)">Daniel Noble</a> said, "<i>Ideo-dynamic</i> would probably constitute a phraseology more appropriate, as applicable to a wider range of phenomena." In this opinion I quite concurred, because I was well aware that an idea could <i>arrest</i> as well as <i>excite</i> motion automatically, not only in the muscles of voluntary motion, but also as regards the condition of <i>every other function of the body</i>. I have, therefore, adopted the term <i>monoideo-dynamics</i>, as still more comprehensive and characteristic as regards the true mental relations which subsist during all dynamic changes which take place, in every other function of the body, as well as in the muscles of voluntary motion.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Scientific tests by the English scientist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>, Manchester surgeon <a href="/wiki/James_Braid_(surgeon)" title="James Braid (surgeon)">James Braid</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the French chemist <a href="/wiki/Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul" title="Michel Eugène Chevreul">Michel Eugène Chevreul</a>, and the American psychologists <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Hyman" title="Ray Hyman">Ray Hyman</a> have demonstrated that many phenomena attributed to spiritual or paranormal forces, or to mysterious "energies", are actually due to ideomotor action. Furthermore, these tests demonstrate that "honest, intelligent people can unconsciously engage in muscular activity that is consistent with their expectations".<sup id="cite_ref-hyman_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also show that suggestions that can guide behavior can be given by subtle clues (Hyman 1977). </p><p>Some operators claim to use ideomotor responses to communicate with a subject's "<a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious mind</a>" using a system of physical signals (such as finger movements) for the unconscious mind to indicate "yes", "no", "I don't know", or "I'm not ready to know that consciously".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A simple experiment to demonstrate the ideomotor effect is to allow a hand-held pendulum to hover over a sheet of paper. The paper has words such as "yes", "no", and "maybe" printed on it. Small movements in the hand, in response to questions, can cause the pendulum to move towards the words on the paper. This technique has been used for experiments in <a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">extrasensory perception</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lie_detection" title="Lie detection">lie detection</a>, and ouija boards. This type of experiment was used by <a href="/wiki/Kreskin" title="Kreskin">Kreskin</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has also been used by illusionists such as <a href="/wiki/Derren_Brown" title="Derren Brown">Derren Brown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2007_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2007-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2019 study of automatic pendulum movements using a motion capture system showed that pendulum effect is produced when the fingers holding the pendulum generate an oscillating frequency close to the resonant frequency of the pendulum. At an appropriate frequency, very small driving movements of the arm are sufficient to produce relatively large pendulum motion.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideomotor_phenomenon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlie_Charlie_Challenge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Charlie_Charlie_Challenge.jpg/220px-Charlie_Charlie_Challenge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Charlie_Charlie_Challenge.jpg/330px-Charlie_Charlie_Challenge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Charlie_Charlie_Challenge.jpg/440px-Charlie_Charlie_Challenge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Charlie_challenge" title="Charlie Charlie challenge">Charlie Charlie challenge</a> relies on the ideomotor phenomenon to produce answers to questions provided by its <span class="nowrap">participants<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>—<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span></span>the breathing from the participants anticipating a result causes the top pencil to rotate towards an answer</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responding_to_questions">Responding to questions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideomotor_phenomenon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Responding to questions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is strongly associated with the practice of <a href="/wiki/Hypnotherapy" title="Hypnotherapy">analytical hypnotherapy</a> based on "uncovering techniques" such as <a href="/wiki/John_G._Watkins" title="John G. Watkins">Watkins'</a> "affect bridge",<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereby a subject's "yes", "no", "I don't know", or "I don't want to answer" responses to an operator's questions are indicated by physical movements rather than verbal signals; and are produced <i>per medium</i> of a pre-determined (between operator and subject) and pre-calibrated set of responses.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideomotor_phenomenon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_unconscious" title="Adaptive unconscious">Adaptive unconscious</a> – psychological theory<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_hand_syndrome" title="Alien hand syndrome">Alien hand syndrome</a> – Neuropsychiatric disorder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicameral_mentality" title="Bicameral mentality">Bicameral mentality</a> – Hypothesis in psychology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_language" title="Body language">Body language</a> – Type of nonverbal communication</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clever_Hans" title="Clever Hans">Clever Hans</a> – Horse who performed math tricks (born c. 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divided_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Divided consciousness">Divided consciousness</a> – American psychologist (1904–2001)<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_consciousness" title="Dual consciousness">Dual consciousness</a> – Hypothetical concept in neuroscience</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasistratus" title="Erasistratus">Erasistratus</a> – Greek anatomist and royal physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illusions_of_self-motion" title="Illusions of self-motion">Illusions of self-motion</a> – Misperception of one's location or movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-brain_interpreter" title="Left-brain interpreter">Left-brain interpreter</a> – Neuropsychological concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprioception" title="Proprioception">Proprioception</a> – Sense of self-movement, force, and body position</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subconscious" title="Subconscious">Subconscious</a> – Part of the mind that is not currently of focal awareness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconscious_communication" title="Unconscious communication">Unconscious communication</a> – Unconscious verbal and nonverbal cues</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideomotor_phenomenon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeoghegan2016" class="citation journal cs1">Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius (2016-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/mind-the-gap-spiritualism-and-the-infrastructural-uncanny(1f725522-cf5f-4faa-b71c-c46a0eaf52e1).html">"Mind the Gap: Spiritualism and the Infrastructural Uncanny"</a>. <i>Critical Inquiry</i>. <b>42</b> (4): 899–922. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F686945">10.1086/686945</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0093-1896">0093-1896</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163534340">163534340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Inquiry&rft.atitle=Mind+the+Gap%3A+Spiritualism+and+the+Infrastructural+Uncanny&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=899-922&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163534340%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0093-1896&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F686945&rft.aulast=Geoghegan&rft.aufirst=Bernard+Dionysius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkclpure.kcl.ac.uk%2Fportal%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fmind-the-gap-spiritualism-and-the-infrastructural-uncanny%281f725522-cf5f-4faa-b71c-c46a0eaf52e1%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShin2010" class="citation journal cs1">Shin, Yun Kyoung (2010). "A review of contemporary ideomotor theory". <i>Psychological Bulletin</i>. <b>136</b> (6). American Psychological Association: 943–974. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0020541">10.1037/a0020541</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20822210">20822210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+review+of+contemporary+ideomotor+theory&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=943-974&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fa0020541&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20822210&rft.aulast=Shin&rft.aufirst=Yun+Kyoung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgessKirschShaneNiederauer1998" class="citation journal cs1">Burgess, Cheryl A.; Kirsch, Irving; Shane, Howard; Niederauer, Kristen L.; Graham, Steven M.; Bacon, Alyson (1998). "Facilitated Communication as an Ideomotor Response". <i>Psychological Science</i>. <b>9</b>: 71–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9280.00013">10.1111/1467-9280.00013</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145631775">145631775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Science&rft.atitle=Facilitated+Communication+as+an+Ideomotor+Response&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=71-74&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9280.00013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145631775%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Cheryl+A.&rft.au=Kirsch%2C+Irving&rft.au=Shane%2C+Howard&rft.au=Niederauer%2C+Kristen+L.&rft.au=Graham%2C+Steven+M.&rft.au=Bacon%2C+Alyson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heap, Michael. (2002). <i>Ideomotor Effect (the Ouija Board Effect)</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shermer" title="Michael Shermer">Michael Shermer</a>. <i>The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience</i>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 127–129. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-654-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-654-7">1-57607-654-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersenNielboSchjoedtPfeiffer2018" class="citation journal cs1">Andersen, Marc; Nielbo, Kristoffer L.; Schjoedt, Uffe; Pfeiffer, Thies; Roepstorff, Andreas; Sørensen, Jesper (2018-07-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/151844140/Predictive_minds_in_Ouija_board_sessions.pdf">"Predictive minds in Ouija board sessions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences</i>. <b>18</b> (3): 577–588. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11097-018-9585-8">10.1007/s11097-018-9585-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1572-8676">1572-8676</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phenomenology+and+the+Cognitive+Sciences&rft.atitle=Predictive+minds+in+Ouija+board+sessions&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=577-588&rft.date=2018-07-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11097-018-9585-8&rft.issn=1572-8676&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.au=Nielbo%2C+Kristoffer+L.&rft.au=Schjoedt%2C+Uffe&rft.au=Pfeiffer%2C+Thies&rft.au=Roepstorff%2C+Andreas&rft.au=S%C3%B8rensen%2C+Jesper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffindresearcher.sdu.dk%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F151844140%2FPredictive_minds_in_Ouija_board_sessions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/despairofscience00sargrich"><i>Planchette; or, The Despair of Science</i></a>. Boston: Roberts Brothers. 1869. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/despairofscience00sargrich/page/1">1</a>–20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planchette%3B+or%2C+The+Despair+of+Science&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=1-20&rft.pub=Roberts+Brothers&rft.date=1869&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdespairofscience00sargrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1885" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, John Henry (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UypbAAAAcAAJ&q=magic&pg=PA85"><i>The Fashionable Science of Parlour Magic</i></a>. p. 85<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fashionable+Science+of+Parlour+Magic&rft.pages=85&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=John+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUypbAAAAcAAJ%26q%3Dmagic%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WBCI-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WBCI_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBCI_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter (1852).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: Yeates (2005); 2018, pp. .144-145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yeates (2018), pp. .144-145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noble (1854), Lecture III, p. 642.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Braid, (1855), footnote at p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Braid's letter to Michael Faraday (22 August 1853).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hyman-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hyman_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay_Hyman1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hyman" title="Ray Hyman">Ray Hyman</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ideomotor.html">"The Mischief-Making of Ideomotor Action"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(reproduced on web as <i>How People Are Fooled by Ideomotor Action</i>)</span>. <i>The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine</i> (Fall–Winter)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-09-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scientific+Review+of+Alternative+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Mischief-Making+of+Ideomotor+Action&rft.issue=Fall%E2%80%93Winter&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Ray+Hyman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quackwatch.org%2F01QuackeryRelatedTopics%2Fideomotor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheek (1962).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902211630/http://www.1stingames.com/rules/kreskinsesp/index.pdf">"Kreskin's ESP"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>1stInGames.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1stingames.com/rules/kreskinsesp/index.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-09-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1stInGames.com&rft.atitle=Kreskin%27s+ESP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1stingames.com%2Frules%2Fkreskinsesp%2Findex.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_2007-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2007_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2007" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Derren (2007). <i>Tricks of the mind</i>. London: Channel 4. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905026-35-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905026-35-7"><bdi>978-1-905026-35-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/163341209">163341209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tricks+of+the+mind&rft.place=London&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Channel+4&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F163341209&rft.isbn=978-1-905026-35-7&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Derren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCantergiAwasthiFriedman2021" class="citation journal cs1">Cantergi, Debora; Awasthi, Bhuvanesh; Friedman, Jason (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/11/14/841445.full.pdf">"Moving objects by imagination? Amount of finger movement and pendulum length determine success in the Chevreul pendulum illusion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Human Movement Science</i>. <b>80</b>: 102879. <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BioRxiv (identifier)">bioRxiv</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F841445">10.1101/841445</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.humov.2021.102879">10.1016/j.humov.2021.102879</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34607165">34607165</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238358003">238358003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Movement+Science&rft.atitle=Moving+objects+by+imagination%3F+Amount+of+finger+movement+and+pendulum+length+determine+success+in+the+Chevreul+pendulum+illusion&rft.volume=80&rft.pages=102879&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.humov.2021.102879&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A238358003%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34607165&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1101%2F841445%23id-name%3DbioRxiv&rft.aulast=Cantergi&rft.aufirst=Debora&rft.au=Awasthi%2C+Bhuvanesh&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2Fbiorxiv%2Fearly%2F2019%2F11%2F14%2F841445.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watkins, (January 1971).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LeCron, (1954).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideomotor_phenomenon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Anderson, J.W., "Defensive Maneuvers In Two Incidents Involving The Chevreul Pendulum: A Clinical Note", <i>International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis</i>, Vol.25, No.1, (1977), pp. 4–6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00207147708415957">10.1080/00207147708415957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Braid_(surgeon)" title="James Braid (surgeon)">Braid, J.</a>, "Mysterious Table Moving", <i>The Manchester Examiner and Times</i>, Vol. 5, No. 469, (Saturday, 30 April 1853), p. 5, col.B.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zOYEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA14">Braid, J., "Hypnotic Therapeutics, Illustrated by Cases. By JAMES BRAID, Esq., Surgeon, of Manchester", <i>The Monthly Journal of Medical Science</i>, Vol. 17, (July 1853), pp. 14–47.</a></li> <li>Braid, J., "Letter to Michael Faraday on the phenomenon of "Table Turning" [written on 22 August 1853]", reprinted at pp. 560–61 of James, F.A.J.L., <i>The Correspondence of Michael Faraday, Volume 4: January 1849 – October 1855</i>, Institution of Electrical Engineers, (London), 1999.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b21465009">Braid, J., <i>Hypnotic Therapeutics, Illustrated by Cases: With an Appendix on Table-Moving and Spirit-Rapping. Reprinted from the Monthly Journal of Medical Science for July 1853</i>, Murray and Gibbs, (Edinburgh), 1853</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dn790003.ca.archive.org/0/items/b22310927/b22310927.pdf">Braid, J., <i>The Physiology of Fascination, and the Critics Criticised</i></a> (a two-part pamphlet), John Murray, (Manchester), 1855.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Benjamin_Carpenter" title="William Benjamin Carpenter">Carpenter</a>, W.B., "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgipt.org/medppp/psymot/carp1852.htm">On the Influence of Suggestion in Modifying and directing Muscular Movement, independently of Volition"</a>, <i>Royal Institution of Great Britain, (Proceedings), 1852</i>, (12 March 1852), pp. 147–153.]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Carroll" title="Robert Todd Carroll">Carroll</a>, R.T. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepdic.com/ideomotor.html">"Ideomotor effect"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" title="The Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary</a></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-27242-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-27242-6">0-471-27242-6</a></li> <li>Cheek, D.B., "Some Applications of Hypnosis and Ideomotor Questioning Methods for Analysis and Therapy in Medicine", <i>American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis</i>, Vol. 5, No. 2, (October 1962), pp. 92–104. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00029157.1962.10402271">10.1080/00029157.1962.10402271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul" title="Michel Eugène Chevreul">Cheuvrel. Michel E.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8U5AAAAcAAJ"><i>De la Baguette Divinatoire et du Pendule Dit Explorateur</i> (On the Divining Rod and the So-called Exploratory Pendulum), Maillet-Bachelier, Paris, 1854.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastonShor1976" class="citation journal cs1">Easton, Randolph D.; Shor, Ronald E. (1976). "An Experimental Analysis of the Chevreul Pendulum Illusion". <i>The Journal of General Psychology</i>. <b>95</b> (1st Half): 111–125. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00221309.1976.9710871">10.1080/00221309.1976.9710871</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/956790">956790</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+General+Psychology&rft.atitle=An+Experimental+Analysis+of+the+Chevreul+Pendulum+Illusion&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1st+Half&rft.pages=111-125&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00221309.1976.9710871&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F956790&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Randolph+D.&rft.au=Shor%2C+Ronald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastonShor1977" class="citation journal cs1">Easton, Randolph D.; Shor, Ronald E. (1977). "Augmented and Delayed Feedback in the Chevreul Pendulum Illusion". <i>The Journal of General Psychology</i>. <b>97</b> (2): 167–177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00221309.1977.9920835">10.1080/00221309.1977.9920835</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28136225">28136225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+General+Psychology&rft.atitle=Augmented+and+Delayed+Feedback+in+the+Chevreul+Pendulum+Illusion&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=167-177&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00221309.1977.9920835&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28136225&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Randolph+D.&rft.au=Shor%2C+Ronald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastonShor1975" class="citation journal cs1">Easton, Randolph D.; Shor, Ronald E. (1975). "Information processing analysis of the Chevreul pendulum illusion". <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance</i>. <b>1</b> (3): 231–236. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.299.3848">10.1.1.299.3848</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0096-1523.1.3.231">10.1037/0096-1523.1.3.231</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1202145">1202145</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+Human+Perception+and+Performance&rft.atitle=Information+processing+analysis+of+the+Chevreul+pendulum+illusion&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=231-236&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.299.3848%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1202145&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0096-1523.1.3.231&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Randolph+D.&rft.au=Shor%2C+Ronald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson1961" class="citation journal cs1">Erickson, Milton H. 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"Historical Note on the Hand Levitation and other Ideomotor Techniques". <i>American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 196–199. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00029157.1961.10701715">10.1080/00029157.1961.10701715</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Hypnosis&rft.atitle=Historical+Note+on+the+Hand+Levitation+and+other+Ideomotor+Techniques&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=196-199&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00029157.1961.10701715&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Milton+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdeomotor+phenomenon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Faraday, M.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia804500.us.archive.org/25/items/sim_athenaeum-uk_1853-07-02_1340/sim_athenaeum-uk_1853-07-02_1340.pdf">"Experimental Investigation of Table-Moving", <i>Athenaeum</i>, No. 1340, (July 1853), pp. 801–803.</a></li> <li>Faraday, M., "Table-Turning", <i>The Times</i>, No. 21468, (30 June 1853), p. 8.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoover2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Hoover, Jeff</a> (January 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4451">"Skeptoid #451: Ideomotor Response"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)#Skeptoid_podcasts" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Skeptoid</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2018), "James Braid (V): Chemical and Hypnotic Anaesthesia, Psycho-Physiology, and Braid’s Final Theories", <i>Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis</i>, Vol. 40, No. 2, (Spring 2018), pp. 112–167.</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideomotor_phenomenon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ideomotor_phenomenon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ideomotor phenomenon">Ideomotor phenomenon</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideomotor_phenomenon&oldid=1245575709">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideomotor_phenomenon&oldid=1245575709</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_physiology" title="Category:Human physiology">Human physiology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hypnosis" title="Category:Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phenomena" title="Category:Phenomena">Phenomena</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parapsychology" title="Category:Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_displaying_wikidata_descriptions_as_a_fallback_via_Module:Annotated_link" title="Category:Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback via Module:Annotated link">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback via Module:Annotated link</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_displaying_short_descriptions_of_redirect_targets_via_Module:Annotated_link" title="Category:Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 September 2024, at 20:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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