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Please try again later.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal " id="templateSearchLoadingModal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-sm modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content p-3 co_LoadingDotsContainer"> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="text">Searching</div> <div class="dots d-flex justify-content-center"><div class="dot"></div><div class="dot"></div><div class="dot"></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style> /*.modal {*/ /* background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);*/ /*}*/ .modal-header--sticky { position: sticky; top: 0; background-color: inherit; z-index: 1055; } .grid-container { margin-bottom: 1em; /*padding-left: 0;*/ /*padding-right: 0;*/ } #templateSearchInfo{ display: none; background-color: var(--background-color-primary); margin-top: 1px; z-index: 5; border: 1px solid var(--color-primary); opacity: .8; font-size: .7rem; border-radius: .25rem; } #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer { z-index: 1000; } #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .text { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1rem; } #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .dot { background-color: #0072BC; border: 2px solid white; border-radius: 50%; float: left; height: 2rem; width: 2rem; margin: 0 5px; -webkit-transform: scale(0); transform: scale(0); -webkit-animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 0ms; animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 0ms; } #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .dot:nth-child(2) { -webkit-animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 300ms; animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 300ms; } #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .dot:nth-child(3) { -webkit-animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 600ms; animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 600ms; } #templateSearchResultModal [class*="grid-"] { padding-left: 10px !important; padding-right: 10px !important; } #templateSearchResultTerm { font-weight: bold; } #resultsSearchHeader { display: block !important; } #scrolltopmodal { font-size: 3.0em; margin-top: 0 !important; margin-right: 15px; } @-webkit-keyframes animation_dots_breath { 50% { -webkit-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; } 100% { opacity: 0; } } @keyframes animation_dots_breath { 50% { -webkit-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; } 100% { opacity: 0; } } @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) { #templateSearchResultModal .modal-dialog { max-width: 90%; } } </style> <script> if(document.querySelector('meta[name="global_moBaseURL"]').content == "https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/") FINDER_URL = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_moBaseURL"]').content.replace('meetingorganizer', 'finder-app')+"search/library.php"; else FINDER_URL = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_moBaseURL"]').content.replace('meetingorganizer', 'finder')+"search/library.php"; SEARCH_INPUT = document.getElementById('search_query_solr'); SEARCH_INPUT_MODAL = document.getElementById('search_query_modal'); searchRunning = false; offset = 20; INITIAL_OFFSET = 20; var MutationObserver = window.MutationObserver || window.WebKitMutationObserver || window.MozMutationObserver; const targetNodeSearchModal = document.getElementById("templateSearchResultModal"); const configSearchModal = { attributes: true, childList: true, subtree: true }; // Callback function to execute when mutations are observed const callbackSearchModal = (mutationList, observer) => { for (const mutation of mutationList) { if (mutation.type === "childList") { // console.log("A child node has been added or removed."); picturesGallery(); } else if (mutation.type === "attributes") { // console.log(`The ${mutation.attributeName} attribute was modified.`); } } }; // Create an observer instance linked to the callback function const observer = new MutationObserver(callbackSearchModal); // Start observing the target node for configured mutations observer.observe(targetNodeSearchModal, configSearchModal); function _addEventListener() { document.getElementById('search_query_solr').addEventListener('keypress', (e) => { if (e.key === 'Enter') _runSearch(); }); document.getElementById('start_site_search_solr').addEventListener('click', (e) => { _runSearch(); e.stopPropagation(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); $('#templateSearchResultModal').scroll(function() { if ($(this).scrollTop()) { $('#scrolltopmodal:hidden').stop(true, true).fadeIn().css("display","inline-block"); } else { $('#scrolltopmodal').stop(true, true).fadeOut(); } }); } function scrollModalTop() { $('#templateSearchResultModal').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 'slow'); // $('#templateSearchResultModal').scrollTop(0); } function picturesGallery() { $('body').off('click', '.paperlist-avatar img'); $('body').off('click', '#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img'); searchPaperListAvatar = []; searchPaperListAvatarThumb = []; search_pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0]; if (typeof search_gallery != "undefined") { search_gallery = null; } $('body').on('click', '#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img', function (e) { if(searchPaperListAvatarThumb.length === 0 && searchPaperListAvatar.length === 0) { $('#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img').each(function () { var webversion = $(this).attr('data-web'); var width = $(this).attr('data-width'); var height = $(this).attr('data-height'); var caption = $(this).attr('data-caption'); var figure = { src: webversion, w: width, h: height, title: caption }; searchPaperListAvatarThumb.push($(this)[0]); searchPaperListAvatar.push(figure); }); } var target = $(this); var index = $('#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img').index(target); var options = { showHideOpacity:false, bgOpacity:0.8, index:index, spacing:0.15, history: false, focus:false, getThumbBoundsFn: function(index) { var thumbnail = searchPaperListAvatarThumb[index]; var pageYScroll = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop; var rect = thumbnail.getBoundingClientRect(); return {x:rect.left, y:rect.top + pageYScroll, w:rect.width}; } }; search_gallery = new PhotoSwipe( search_pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default,[searchPaperListAvatar[index]],options); search_gallery.init(); }); } function showError(code, msg) { console.error(code, msg); $("#templateSearchLoadingModal").modal("hide"); switch(code) { case -3: // http request fail case -2: // invalid MO response case 4: // CORS case 1: // project $("#templateSearchErrorModal1").modal({}); break; case -1: // timeout $("#templateSearchErrorModal2").modal({}); break; case 2: // empty term $("#templateSearchErrorModal3").modal({}); break; case 3: // DOS $("#templateSearchErrorModal4").modal({}); break; default: $("#templateSearchErrorModal1").modal({}); break; } } function clearForm() { var myFormElement = document.getElementById("library-filters") var elements = myFormElement.elements; $(".form-check-input").prop('checked', false).change().parent().removeClass('active'); for(i=0; i<elements.length; i++) { field_type = elements[i].type.toLowerCase(); switch(field_type) { case "text": case "password": case "textarea": case "hidden": elements[i].value = ""; break; case "radio": case "checkbox": if (elements[i].checked) { elements[i].checked = false; } break; case "select-one": case "select-multi": elements[i].selectedIndex = -1; break; default: break; } } } function generateShowMoreButton(offset, term) { var code = '<button aria-label="ShowMore" id="showMore" class="btn btn-success float-right mr-2" data-offset="' + offset + '">Show more</button>'; return code; } function hideModal(id) { $("#"+id).modal('hide'); } function showModal(id) { $("#"+id).modal({}); } function prepareForPhotoSwipe() { searchPaperListAvatar = []; searchPaperListAvatarThumb = []; search_pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0]; } function _sendAjax(projectID, term) { let httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest(); if(searchRunning) { console.log("Search running"); return; } if (!httpRequest) { console.error("Giving up :( Cannot create an XMLHTTP instance"); showError(-1); return false; } // httpRequest.timeout = 20000; // time in milliseconds httpRequest.withCredentials = false; httpRequest.ontimeout = (e) => { showError(-1, "result timeout"); searchRunning = false; }; httpRequest.onreadystatechange = function() { if (httpRequest.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE) { searchRunning = false; if (httpRequest.status === 200) { let rs = JSON.parse(httpRequest.responseText); if(rs) { if(rs.isError) { showError(rs.errorCode, rs.errorMessage); } else { let html = rs.resultHTMLs; $("#modal_search_query").val(rs.term); $("#templateSearchResultTerm").html(rs.term); $("#templateSearchResultNr").html(rs.resultsNr); $("#templateRefineSearch").html(rs.filter); if(rs.filter == false) { console.log('filter empty'); $("#refineSearchModal").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); } if(rs.resultsNr==1) $("#templateSearchResultNrPlural").hide(); else $("#templateSearchResultNrPlural").show(); if(rs.resultsNr==0) { hideModal('templateSearchLoadingModal'); $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html(""); $("#templateSearchResultContainerEmpty").removeClass("d-none"); showModal('templateSearchResultModal'); } else { if((rs.resultsNr - offset)>0) { html = html + generateShowMoreButton(offset, term); } $("#templateSearchResultContainerEmpty").addClass("d-none"); if( offset == INITIAL_OFFSET) { hideModal('templateSearchLoadingModal'); $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html(html); showModal('templateSearchResultModal'); } else { $('#showMore').remove(); startHtml = $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html(); $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html(startHtml + html); } // prepareForPhotoSwipe(); } } } else { showError(-2, "invalid result"); } } else { showError(-3, "There was a problem with the request."); } } }; if(offset == INITIAL_OFFSET) { hideModal('templateSearchResultModal'); showModal('templateSearchLoadingModal'); } httpRequest.open("GET", FINDER_URL+"?project="+projectID+"&term="+encodeURI(term)+((offset>INITIAL_OFFSET)?("&offset="+(offset-INITIAL_OFFSET)) : "")); httpRequest.send(); searchRunning = true; } function _runSearch() { var projectID = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_projectID"]').content; var term = _searchTrimInput(SEARCH_INPUT.value); if(term.length > 0) { _sendAjax(projectID, term); } else { showError(2, 'Empty search term') } } function _searchTrimInput(str) { return str.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/gm, ''); } function run() { _addEventListener(); $('#templateSearchInfoBtn, #modalSearchInfoBtn').popover({ sanitize: false, html: true, content: $("#templateSearchInfo").html(), placement: "bottom", template: '<div class="popover" role="tooltip"><div class="arrow"></div><button class="m-1 float-right btn btn-sm btn-danger" id="templateSearchInfoClose"><i class="fas fa-times-circle"></i></button><h3 class="popover-header"></h3><div class="popover-body"></div></div>', title: "Search tips", }); $(document).click(function (e) { let t = $(e.target); let a = t && t.attr("data-toggle")!=="popover" && t.parent().attr("data-toggle")!=="popover"; let b = t && $(".popover").has(t).length===0; if(a && b) { $('#templateSearchInfoBtn').popover('hide'); $('#modalSearchInfoBtn').popover('hide'); } }); $('#templateSearchInfoBtn').on('shown.bs.popover', function () { $("#templateSearchInfoClose").click(function(e){ $('#templateSearchInfoBtn').popover('hide'); e.stopPropagation(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); }) $('#templateSearchResultModal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function(e) { $('body').off('click', '#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img'); var pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0]; var gallery = null; var paperListAvatar = []; var paperListAvatarThumb = []; $('.paperlist-avatar img').each(function(){ var webversion = $(this).attr('data-web'); var width = $(this).attr('data-width'); var height = $(this).attr('data-height'); var caption =$(this).attr('data-caption'); var figure = { src:webversion, w:width, h:height, title:caption }; paperListAvatarThumb.push($(this)[0]); paperListAvatar.push(figure); }); $('body').on('click', '.paperlist-avatar img', function (e) { if(paperListAvatarThumb.length === 0 && paperListAvatar.length === 0){ $('.paperlist-avatar img').each(function(){ var webversion = $(this).attr('data-web'); var width = $(this).attr('data-width'); var height = $(this).attr('data-height'); var caption =$(this).attr('data-caption'); var figure = { src:webversion, w:width, h:height, title:caption }; paperListAvatarThumb.push($(this)[0]); paperListAvatar.push(figure); }); } var target = $(this); var index = $('.paperlist-avatar img').index(target); var options = { showHideOpacity:true, bgOpacity:0.8, index:index, spacing:0.15, getThumbBoundsFn: function(index) { var thumbnail = paperListAvatarThumb[index]; var pageYScroll = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop; var rect = thumbnail.getBoundingClientRect(); return {x:rect.left, y:rect.top + pageYScroll, w:rect.width}; } }; gallery = new PhotoSwipe( pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default,[paperListAvatar[index]],options); gallery.init(); }); }); $('#templateSearchResultModal').on('hide.bs.modal', function(e) { $("#templateRefineSearch").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); $("#refineSearchModalHide").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); $("#refineSearchModal").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block'); offset = INITIAL_OFFSET; }) $(document).on("click", "#showMore", function(e){ offset+=INITIAL_OFFSET; runSearchModal() e.stopPropagation(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); $(document).ready(function() { $(document).on("click", "#refineSearchModal", function (e) { $("#templateRefineSearch").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block'); $(this).removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); $("#refineSearchModalHide").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block'); }); $(document).on("click", "#refineSearchModalHide", function (e) { $("#templateRefineSearch").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); $(this).removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); $("#refineSearchModal").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block'); }); $(document).on("click", "#modal_start_site_search", function (e) { runSearchModal(); e.stopPropagation(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); }); } function runSearchModal() { var projectID = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_projectID"]').content; var queryString = $('#library-filters').serialize(); var term = _searchTrimInput($('#modal_search_query').val()); term+='&'+queryString; if(term.length > 0) { _sendAjax(projectID, term); } else { showError(2, 'Empty search term') } } if(document.getElementById('search_query_solr')) { run(); } </script> </div></div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </header>  <main class="one-column version-2023"> <div id="content" class="container"> <div id="page_content_container" class="CMSCONTAINER content-container">    <div id="landing_page" class="cmsbox j-intro-section j-section"><div class="row mt-1"> <div class="col-12 d-xl-none mt-1"> <div class="row service_icons mb-3"> <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/recent_papers.html" class="col-auto pr-0"> <img src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/icon_open_access.svg" title="Open access" alt="Open access" /> </a> <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/peer_review/interactive_review_process.html" class="col-auto pr-0"> <img src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/icon_public_peer_review.svg" title="Public peer review" alt="Public peer review" /> </a> <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/about/article_level_metrics.html" class="col-auto pr-0 d-none d-md-inline-block"> <img src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/icon_article_level_metrics.svg" title="Article level metrics" alt="Article level metrics" /> </a> <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/about/article_processing_charges.html" class="col-auto pr-0 d-none d-xxl-inline-block"> <img src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/icon_moderateAPCs.svg" title="Moderate APCs" alt="Moderate APCs" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-auto d-none d-lg-block img-responsive"> <img data-toggle="modal" data-target="#coverModal" class="hover-cursor-pointer" cofileid="23067" alt="BG cover" title="BG cover" src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/bg-cover-medium.png" /> </div> <div class="col pl-lg-0 mt-1"> <div class="row service_icons mb-3 d-none d-xl-block"> <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/recent_papers.html" class="col-auto pr-0"> <img src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/icon_open_access.svg" title="Open access" alt="Open access" /> </a> <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/peer_review/interactive_review_process.html" class="col-auto pr-0"> <img src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/icon_public_peer_review.svg" title="Public peer review" alt="Public peer review" /> </a> <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/about/article_level_metrics.html" class="col-auto pr-0 d-none d-md-inline-block"> <img src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/icon_article_level_metrics.svg" title="Article level metrics" alt="Article level metrics" /> </a> <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/about/article_processing_charges.html" class="col-auto pr-0 d-none d-xxl-inline-block"> <img src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/icon_moderateAPCs.svg" title="Moderate APCs" alt="Moderate APCs" /> </a> <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/about/financial_support.html" class="col-auto pr-0 d-none d-xxl-inline-block"> <img src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/icon_financial_support.svg" title="Financial support" alt="Financial support" /></a> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 font-weight-bold">Co-editors-in-chief: Steven Bouillon, Anja Rammig, Paul Stoy, Tina Treude & Sara Vicca</div> </div> <div class="row mb-3"> <div class="col-12"> eISSN: BG <span class="" id="cmsvar_111">1726-4189</span>, BGD <span class="" id="cmsvar_115">1810-6285</span> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p class="font-weight-normal"> Biogeosciences (BG) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications, and review papers on all aspects of the <strong>interactions</strong> between the biological, chemical, and physical processes in terrestrial or extraterrestrial life with the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The objective of the journal is to cut across the boundaries of established sciences and achieve an interdisciplinary view of these interactions. Experimental, conceptual, and modelling approaches are welcome. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="coverModal" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 p-3"> <img class="img-fluid" alt="BG cover enlarged" cofileid="20455" src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/graphic_BG_cover_huge.jpg" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="cmsbox_126157" class="cmsbox "><h2>Journal metrics</h2> <p>BG is indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc. We refrain from displaying the journal metrics prominently on the landing page since citation metrics used in isolation do not describe importance, impact, or quality of a journal. However, these metrics can be found on the <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/about/journal_metrics.html">journal metrics page</a>.</p></div><div id="recent_paper" class="cmsbox j-article j-article-section"><div id="recent-paper-content"> <div id="recent_paper_header"> <h2>Recent papers</h2> </div> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object type-0 in-range paperList-discussion" data-diff="0"> <div class="grid-100 hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <div class="published-date"> 17 Jan 2025</div> <a class="article-title" target="_parent" href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2024-3930/">Transporter gene family evolution in ectomycorrhizal fungi in relation to mineral weathering capabilities</a> <div class="authors">Katharine Alice King, Petra Fransson, Roger Finlay, and Marisol Sánchez-García</div> <div class="citation">EGUsphere, <nobr class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3930,</nobr><span class="hide-on-desktop">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3930,</span> 2025</div> <div class="statusMessage"><span>Preprint under review for BG</span> <nobr>(discussion: open, 0 comments)</nobr></div> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle short_summary_button_125751" data-show=".short_summary_125751" data-hide=".short_summary_button_125751" >Short summary</span> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary short_summary_125751" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content"> Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi form symbiotic associations with dominant trees in boreal forests. These fungi have an important role in mineral weathering in boreal forest, which is also a key process in the carbon cycle. The aim of this study is to characterise the diversity of base cation transporters in ECM fungi in relation to weathering capabilities, and to quantify base cation uptake by ECM fungi from pulverised rocks. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".short_summary_125751" data-show=".short_summary_button_125751">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-15 tablet-grid-15 text-right hide-on-mobile"> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object type-0 in-range paperList-discussion" data-diff="0"> <div class="grid-100 hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <div class="published-date"> 17 Jan 2025</div> <a class="article-title" target="_parent" href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2024-3977/">Savanna ecosystem structure and productivity along a rainfall gradient: the role of competition and stress tolerance mediated by plant functional traits</a> <div class="authors">Prashant Paudel, Stefan Olin, Mark Tjoelker, Mikael Pontarp, Daniel Metcalfe, and Benjamin Smith</div> <div class="citation">EGUsphere, <nobr class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3977,</nobr><span class="hide-on-desktop">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3977,</span> 2025</div> <div class="statusMessage"><span>Preprint under review for BG</span> <nobr>(discussion: open, 0 comments)</nobr></div> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle short_summary_button_125951" data-show=".short_summary_125951" data-hide=".short_summary_button_125951" >Short summary</span> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary short_summary_125951" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content"> Ecological processes respond to changes in rainfall conditions. Competition and stress created by water availability are two primary components at two ends of the rainfall gradient. In wetter areas, plants compete for resources, while in drier regions, stress limits growth. The complex interaction between plant characters and their response to growth conditions governs ecosystem processes. These findings can be used to understand how future rainfall changes could impact ecosystems. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".short_summary_125951" data-show=".short_summary_button_125951">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-15 tablet-grid-15 text-right hide-on-mobile"> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object in-range paperList-final" data-diff="0"> <div class="grid-100 hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/323/2025/bg-22-323-2025-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/323/2025/bg-22-323-2025-avatar-thumb80.png" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/323/2025/bg-22-323-2025-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-height="387" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <div class="published-date"> 16 Jan 2025</div> <a class="article-title" target="_parent" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/323/2025/">Air temperature and precipitation constraining the modelled wetland methane emissions in a boreal region in northern Europe</a> <div class="authors">Tuula Aalto, Aki Tsuruta, Jarmo Mäkelä, Jurek Müller, Maria Tenkanen, Eleanor Burke, Sarah Chadburn, Yao Gao, Vilma Mannisenaho, Thomas Kleinen, Hanna Lee, Antti Leppänen, Tiina Markkanen, Stefano Materia, Paul A. Miller, Daniele Peano, Olli Peltola, Benjamin Poulter, Maarit Raivonen, Marielle Saunois, David Wårlind, and Sönke Zaehle</div> <div class="citation">Biogeosciences, 22, 323–340, <nobr class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-323-2025,</nobr><span class="hide-on-desktop">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-323-2025,</span> 2025</div> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle short_summary_button_116380" data-show=".short_summary_116380" data-hide=".short_summary_button_116380" >Short summary</span> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary short_summary_116380" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content"> Wetland methane responses to temperature and precipitation were studied in a boreal wetland-rich region in northern Europe using ecosystem models, atmospheric inversions, and upscaled flux observations. The ecosystem models differed in their responses to temperature and precipitation and in their seasonality. However, multi-model means, inversions, and upscaled fluxes had similar seasonality, and they suggested co-limitation by temperature and precipitation. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".short_summary_116380" data-show=".short_summary_button_116380">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-15 tablet-grid-15 text-right hide-on-mobile"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/323/2025/bg-22-323-2025-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/323/2025/bg-22-323-2025-avatar-thumb80.png" data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/323/2025/bg-22-323-2025-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-height="387" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object in-range paperList-final" data-diff="0"> <div class="grid-100 hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-thumb80.png" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-height="215" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <div class="published-date"> 16 Jan 2025</div> <div class="highlightType" > | Highlight paper</div> <a class="article-title" target="_parent" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/">Efficiency metrics for ocean alkalinity enhancements under responsive and prescribed atmospheric <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> conditions</a> <div class="authors">Michael D. Tyka</div> <div class="citation">Biogeosciences, 22, 341–353, <nobr class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-341-2025,</nobr><span class="hide-on-desktop">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-341-2025,</span> 2025</div> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle short_summary_button_121851" data-show=".short_summary_121851" data-hide=".short_summary_button_121851" >Short summary</span> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle ce_comment_button_121851 ml-2" data-show=".ce_comment_121851" data-hide=".ce_comment_button_121851">Co-editor-in-chief</span> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary short_summary_121851" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content"> Marine CO<sub>2</sub> removal (mCDR) is a promising technology for removing legacy emissions from the atmosphere. Its indirect nature makes it difficult to assess experimentally; instead one relies heavily on simulation. Many past papers have treated the atmosphere as non-responsive to the intervention studied. We show that even under these simplified assumptions, the increase in ocean CO<sub>2</sub> inventory is equal to the equivalent quantity of direct CO<sub>2</sub> removals occurring over time, in a realistic atmosphere. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".short_summary_121851" data-show=".short_summary_button_121851">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="j-widget__max ce_comment ce_comment_121851 mt-3" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Co-editor-in-chief</div> <div class="content"> Assessing the efficiency and durability of marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) requires the development of clear measurement, reporting, and verification protocols. In this contribution, Michael Tyke presents a path forward into the robust quantification of marine CDR, presenting and explaining how different metrics can be used, providing new tools for modellers, observationalists, and policymakers. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".ce_comment_121851" data-show=".ce_comment_button_121851">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-15 tablet-grid-15 text-right hide-on-mobile"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-thumb80.png" data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-height="215" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object type-0 in-range paperList-discussion" data-diff="0"> <div class="grid-100 hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <div class="published-date"> 16 Jan 2025</div> <a class="article-title" target="_parent" href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2024-4094/">Assessing the effect of forest management on above-ground carbon stock by remote sensing</a> <div class="authors">Sofie Van Winckel, Jonas Simons, Stef Lhermitte, and Bart Muys</div> <div class="citation">EGUsphere, <nobr class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4094,</nobr><span class="hide-on-desktop">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4094,</span> 2025</div> <div class="statusMessage"><span>Preprint under review for BG</span> <nobr>(discussion: open, 0 comments)</nobr></div> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle short_summary_button_126125" data-show=".short_summary_126125" data-hide=".short_summary_button_126125" >Short summary</span> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary short_summary_126125" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content"> Insights on management's impact on forest carbon stocks are crucial for sustainable forest management practices. However, accurately monitoring carbon stocks remains a technological challenge. This study estimates above-ground carbon stock in managed and unmanaged forests using passive optical, SAR, and LiDAR remote sensing data. Results show promising potential in using multiple remote sensing predictors and publicly available high-resolution data for mapping forest carbon stocks. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".short_summary_126125" data-show=".short_summary_button_126125">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-15 tablet-grid-15 text-right hide-on-mobile"> </div> </div> </div>    </div><div id="highlight-articles" class="cmsbox landing-page"><div id="highlight-paper-content"> <div id="highlight-articles-header"> <h2>Highlight articles</h2> </div> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object in-range paperList-final" data-diff="0"> <div class="grid-100 hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-thumb80.png" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-height="215" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <div class="published-date"> 16 Jan 2025</div> <a class="article-title" target="_parent" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/">Efficiency metrics for ocean alkalinity enhancements under responsive and prescribed atmospheric <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> conditions</a> <div class="authors">Michael D. Tyka</div> <div class="citation">Biogeosciences, 22, 341–353, <nobr class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-341-2025,</nobr><span class="hide-on-desktop">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-341-2025,</span> 2025</div> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle short_summary_button_121851" data-show=".short_summary_121851" data-hide=".short_summary_button_121851" >Short summary</span> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle ce_comment_button_121851 ml-2" data-show=".ce_comment_121851" data-hide=".ce_comment_button_121851">Co-editor-in-chief</span> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary short_summary_121851" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content"> Marine CO<sub>2</sub> removal (mCDR) is a promising technology for removing legacy emissions from the atmosphere. Its indirect nature makes it difficult to assess experimentally; instead one relies heavily on simulation. Many past papers have treated the atmosphere as non-responsive to the intervention studied. We show that even under these simplified assumptions, the increase in ocean CO<sub>2</sub> inventory is equal to the equivalent quantity of direct CO<sub>2</sub> removals occurring over time, in a realistic atmosphere. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".short_summary_121851" data-show=".short_summary_button_121851">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="j-widget__max ce_comment ce_comment_121851 mt-3" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Co-editor-in-chief</div> <div class="content"> Assessing the efficiency and durability of marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) requires the development of clear measurement, reporting, and verification protocols. In this contribution, Michael Tyke presents a path forward into the robust quantification of marine CDR, presenting and explaining how different metrics can be used, providing new tools for modellers, observationalists, and policymakers. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".ce_comment_121851" data-show=".ce_comment_button_121851">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-15 tablet-grid-15 text-right hide-on-mobile"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-thumb80.png" data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/341/2025/bg-22-341-2025-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-height="215" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object in-range paperList-final" data-diff="0"> <div class="grid-100 hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/305/2025/bg-22-305-2025-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/305/2025/bg-22-305-2025-avatar-thumb80.png" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/305/2025/bg-22-305-2025-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-height="302" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <div class="published-date"> 15 Jan 2025</div> <a class="article-title" target="_parent" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/305/2025/">Ensemble estimates of global wetland methane emissions over 2000–2020</a> <div class="authors">Zhen Zhang, Benjamin Poulter, Joe R. Melton, William J. Riley, George H. Allen, David J. Beerling, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G. Canadell, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Philippe Ciais, Nicola Gedney, Peter O. Hopcroft, Akihiko Ito, Robert B. Jackson, Atul K. Jain, Katherine Jensen, Fortunat Joos, Thomas Kleinen, Sara H. Knox, Tingting Li, Xin Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle McDonald, Gavin McNicol, Paul A. Miller, Jurek Müller, Prabir K. Patra, Changhui Peng, Shushi Peng, Zhangcai Qin, Ryan M. Riggs, Marielle Saunois, Qing Sun, Hanqin Tian, Xiaoming Xu, Yuanzhi Yao, Yi Xi, Wenxin Zhang, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang</div> <div class="citation">Biogeosciences, 22, 305–321, <nobr class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025,</nobr><span class="hide-on-desktop">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025,</span> 2025</div> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle short_summary_button_120524" data-show=".short_summary_120524" data-hide=".short_summary_button_120524" >Short summary</span> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle ce_comment_button_120524 ml-2" data-show=".ce_comment_120524" data-hide=".ce_comment_button_120524">Co-editor-in-chief</span> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary short_summary_120524" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content"> This study assesses global methane emissions from wetlands between 2000 and 2020 using multiple models. We found that wetland emissions increased by 6–7 Tg CH<sub>4</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup> in the 2010s compared to the 2000s. Rising temperatures primarily drove this increase, while changes in precipitation and CO<sub>2</sub> levels also played roles. Our findings highlight the importance of wetlands in the global methane budget and the need for continuous monitoring to understand their impact on climate change. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".short_summary_120524" data-show=".short_summary_button_120524">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="j-widget__max ce_comment ce_comment_120524 mt-3" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Co-editor-in-chief</div> <div class="content"> This paper provides a critical evaluation of decadal trends in wetland methane emissions, offering robust insights into how climate change is driving increases in this potent greenhouse gas. By utilizing an ensemble of sixteen models alongside ground-based measurements, the paper provides a robust quantification of emission trends and associated uncertainties. As an international collaboration, this work contributes a comprehensive analysis that not only quantifies recent trends but also identifies temperature as the primary driver, offering essential information for predicting and managing future methane feedbacks. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".ce_comment_120524" data-show=".ce_comment_button_120524">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-15 tablet-grid-15 text-right hide-on-mobile"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/305/2025/bg-22-305-2025-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/305/2025/bg-22-305-2025-avatar-thumb80.png" data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/305/2025/bg-22-305-2025-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-height="302" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object in-range paperList-final" data-diff="0"> <div class="grid-100 hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/71/2025/bg-22-71-2025-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/71/2025/bg-22-71-2025-avatar-thumb80.png" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/71/2025/bg-22-71-2025-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-height="294" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <div class="published-date"> 08 Jan 2025</div> <a class="article-title" target="_parent" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/71/2025/">Particle fluxes by subtropical pelagic communities under ocean alkalinity enhancement</a> <div class="authors">Philipp Suessle, Jan Taucher, Silvan Urs Goldenberg, Moritz Baumann, Kristian Spilling, Andrea Noche-Ferreira, Mari Vanharanta, and Ulf Riebesell</div> <div class="citation">Biogeosciences, 22, 71–86, <nobr class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-71-2025,</nobr><span class="hide-on-desktop">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-71-2025,</span> 2025</div> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle short_summary_button_116190" data-show=".short_summary_116190" data-hide=".short_summary_button_116190" >Short summary</span> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle ce_comment_button_116190 ml-2" data-show=".ce_comment_116190" data-hide=".ce_comment_button_116190">Co-editor-in-chief</span> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary short_summary_116190" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content"> Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a negative emission technology which may alter marine communities and the particle export they drive. Here, impacts of carbonate-based OAE on the flux and attenuation of sinking particles in an oligotrophic plankton community are presented. Whilst biological parameters remained unaffected, abiotic carbonate precipitation occurred. Among counteracting OAE’s efficiency, it influenced mineral ballasting and particle sinking velocities, requiring monitoring. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".short_summary_116190" data-show=".short_summary_button_116190">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="j-widget__max ce_comment ce_comment_116190 mt-3" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Co-editor-in-chief</div> <div class="content"> This paper examines the effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) on a key biogeochemical process: the biological carbon pump. The findings suggest that, under the conditions studied, the biological pump will largely remain unaffected by OAE. Gaining insights into how such interventions influence complex oceanographic processes at the ecosystem level is essential for assessing both the efficacy and safety of OAE. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".ce_comment_116190" data-show=".ce_comment_button_116190">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-15 tablet-grid-15 text-right hide-on-mobile"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/71/2025/bg-22-71-2025-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/71/2025/bg-22-71-2025-avatar-thumb80.png" data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/71/2025/bg-22-71-2025-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-height="294" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object in-range paperList-final" data-diff="0"> <div class="grid-100 hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5321/2024/bg-21-5321-2024-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5321/2024/bg-21-5321-2024-avatar-thumb80.png" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5321/2024/bg-21-5321-2024-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-height="353" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <div class="published-date"> 28 Nov 2024</div> <a class="article-title" target="_parent" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5321/2024/">Representation of the terrestrial carbon cycle in CMIP6</a> <div class="authors">Bettina K. Gier, Manuel Schlund, Pierre Friedlingstein, Chris D. Jones, Colin Jones, Sönke Zaehle, and Veronika Eyring</div> <div class="citation">Biogeosciences, 21, 5321–5360, <nobr class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5321-2024,</nobr><span class="hide-on-desktop">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5321-2024,</span> 2024</div> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle short_summary_button_117842" data-show=".short_summary_117842" data-hide=".short_summary_button_117842" >Short summary</span> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle ce_comment_button_117842 ml-2" data-show=".ce_comment_117842" data-hide=".ce_comment_button_117842">Co-editor-in-chief</span> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary short_summary_117842" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content"> This study investigates present-day carbon cycle variables in CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations. Overall, CMIP6 models perform better but also show many remaining biases. A significant improvement in the simulation of photosynthesis in models with a nitrogen cycle is found, with only small differences between emission- and concentration-based simulations. Thus, we recommend using emission-driven simulations in CMIP7 by default and including the nitrogen cycle in all future carbon cycle models. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".short_summary_117842" data-show=".short_summary_button_117842">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="j-widget__max ce_comment ce_comment_117842 mt-3" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Co-editor-in-chief</div> <div class="content"> The work documents the progress in modelling the terrestrial biosphere by including more biology. A new generation of global dynamic vegetation models contributing to the most recent phase of CMIP has included feedbacks between biogeochemical cycling and vegetation development and show improved simulation of photosynthesis. Other model challenges, such as the simulation of leaf area index and carbon pool dynamics still pertain. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".ce_comment_117842" data-show=".ce_comment_button_117842">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-15 tablet-grid-15 text-right hide-on-mobile"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5321/2024/bg-21-5321-2024-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5321/2024/bg-21-5321-2024-avatar-thumb80.png" data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5321/2024/bg-21-5321-2024-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-caption="© Author(s). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." data-height="353" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object in-range paperList-final" data-diff="0"> <div class="grid-100 hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5305/2024/bg-21-5305-2024-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5305/2024/bg-21-5305-2024-avatar-thumb80.png" data-caption="© Authors for panels (a), (b), (d), and (e). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Landsat-8 for panel (c). Copyright waived." data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5305/2024/bg-21-5305-2024-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-height="331" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <div class="published-date"> 27 Nov 2024</div> <a class="article-title" target="_parent" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5305/2024/">Microbial response to deliquescence of nitrate-rich soils in the hyperarid Atacama Desert</a> <div class="authors">Felix L. Arens, Alessandro Airo, Christof Sager, Hans-Peter Grossart, Kai Mangelsdorf, Rainer U. Meckenstock, Mark Pannekens, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Jenny Uhl, Bernardita Valenzuela, Pedro Zamorano, Luca Zoccarato, and Dirk Schulze-Makuch</div> <div class="citation">Biogeosciences, 21, 5305–5320, <nobr class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5305-2024,</nobr><span class="hide-on-desktop">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5305-2024,</span> 2024</div> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle short_summary_button_121212" data-show=".short_summary_121212" data-hide=".short_summary_button_121212" >Short summary</span> <span class="show-hide journal-contentLinkColor triangle ce_comment_button_121212 ml-2" data-show=".ce_comment_121212" data-hide=".ce_comment_button_121212">Co-editor-in-chief</span> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary short_summary_121212" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content"> We studied unique nitrate-rich soils in the hyperarid Atacama Desert that form brines at night under high relative humidity. Despite providing water for microorganisms, these soils exhibit extremely low microbial activity, indicating that the high nitrate levels inhibit microbial life. On the other hand, enriched organic matter indicates their potential preservation. This research helps to understand the limits of life in extreme environments and aids in the search for signs of life on Mars. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".short_summary_121212" data-show=".short_summary_button_121212">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="j-widget__max ce_comment ce_comment_121212 mt-3" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Co-editor-in-chief</div> <div class="content"> This study, pertinent to astrobiology, utilizes the Atacama Desert as an analog for conditions on Mars. The findings indicate that nitrate-rich environments on Mars may preserve potential biosignatures and provide insights into the boundaries of life. This relationship supports the objectives of ongoing and upcoming Mars missions. </div> <div><a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide=".ce_comment_121212" data-show=".ce_comment_button_121212">Hide</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-15 tablet-grid-15 text-right hide-on-mobile"> <a class="paperlist-avatar" target="_blank" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5305/2024/bg-21-5305-2024-avatar-web.png"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5305/2024/bg-21-5305-2024-avatar-thumb80.png" data-web="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5305/2024/bg-21-5305-2024-avatar-web.png" data-width="600" data-caption="© Authors for panels (a), (b), (d), and (e). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Landsat-8 for panel (c). Copyright waived." data-height="331" width="80" height="80"> </a> </div> </div> <p class="j-news-archive-link grid-container grid-parent"> <strong> <a class="grid-30 tablet-grid-30 mobile-grid-100" href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/articles_and_preprints/highlight_articles.html">More highlight articles <img cofileid="17978" alt="" src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/graphic_grey_right_symbol.png"></a> <a class="grid-30 tablet-grid-30 mobile-grid-100 a-margin__left-2" target="_blank" href="https://www.egu.eu/news/highlight-articles/">All EGU highlight articles <img cofileid="17978" alt="" src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/graphic_grey_right_symbol.png"></a> </strong> </p> </div>    </div><div id="special-issues-scheduled-content" class="cmsbox "> <div id="special-issues-header"><h2>Scheduled special issues</h2></div> <div class="grid-container grid-parent"> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 grid-parent" id="chronologically"> <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues"> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="show-hide" data-toggle="#info-chronologically-content-1325,#info-chronologically-link-1325" data-duration="300"> Biogeochemical processes and Air–sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer </a> (BG/OS inter-journal SI) </div> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date"> 01 Oct 2024–31 Jul 2025 | Sanja Frka (Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Croatia), Peter S. Liss (University of East Anglia, United Kingdom), Klaus Jürgens (Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Germany), Frédéric Gazeau (Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, France), and Hermann Bange (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany) | <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-1325" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-1325" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-1325">Information</a> </div> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-chronologically-content-1325" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div> <div class="content" id="1325"> Over the last 2 decades, studies have shown that the sea-surface microlayer covers large areas of the global ocean and, under certain conditions, can even form biofilm-like (and thus unique) habitats between the ocean and the atmosphere. Due to its recurrent biofilm-like features and unique position at the atmosphere–ocean interface, the microlayer is central to a range of global biogeochemical and climate-related processes, including marine carbon cycling, air–sea gas exchange, physical surface processes, and aerosol production. Despite the fact that processes occurring in and across the microlayer have received increasing attention during recent years, our knowledge about the microlayer remains rudimentary. New approaches and technologies have been developed to understand the formation and function of the microlayer on a mechanistic level. For example, the BASS (Biogeochemical processes and Air–sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer; <a href="https://uol.de/en/bass"target="_blank">https://uol.de/en/bass</a>) group has been funded to explore the significance of the microlayer as a bio- and photochemical reactor in an unprecedented comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach, and BASS findings will contribute to this special issue (SI). The purpose of the SI is twofold: (1) to present outcomes of a BASS mesocosm study and (2) to present further contributions on the microlayer from the wider research community based on field, mesocosm, modelling, and laboratory studies. This SI will bring together the latest scientific studies to describe the microlayer as an interface between the ocean and atmosphere across different disciplines. </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-auto"> <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-chronologically-content-1325" data-show="#info-chronologically-link-1325">Hide</a> </div> <div class="col text-right"> <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Biogeochemical processes and Air–sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer" data-url="" data-id="1325" style="display: none;"> <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i> </a> <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Biogeochemical processes and Air–sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer" data-url="" data-id="1325" title="Copy to clipboard"> <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues"> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content"> <a href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue1336.html">Treeline ecotones under global change: linking spatial patterns to ecological processes</a> </div> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date"> 01 Sep 2024–01 Feb 2025 | Matteo Garbarino (University of Turin, Italy) and Frank Hagedorn (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Switzerland) | <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-1336" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-1336" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-1336">Information</a> </div> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-chronologically-content-1336" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div> <div class="content" id="1336"> This special issue investigates the complex interactions between abiotic and biotic factors that shape vegetation patterns in treeline ecotones. The special issue focuses on observational (field and remote sensing) and modelling studies conducted along the extreme climatic and ecological gradients at the latitudinal and elevational treelines of the globe. These are considered sentinels of global-change effects on terrestrial ecosystems, but responses to change are varied and only partially understood. We welcome submissions that address ecological, biogeochemical, or physical processes that influence treeline dynamics and patterns at multiple spatial and temporal scales. As this topic is highly interdisciplinary in scope, we encourage submissions from diverse disciplines including ecology (e.g. plant, forest, landscape), remote sensing, geography, geochemistry, microbiology, soil sciences, geomorphology, and climatology. Integrative studies that bridge gaps between disciplines are particularly welcome. Two types of manuscript submissions are possible: (1) original and/or new scientific full-length research articles presenting new data and interpretations or (2) review and synthesis papers that are invited by the editors (upon proposals from authors) and integrate data from different studies and disciplines to address state-of-the-science questions related to either the detection and description of treeline spatial and temporal patterns or the processes that may be relevant to these patterns. </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-auto"> <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-chronologically-content-1336" data-show="#info-chronologically-link-1336">Hide</a> </div> <div class="col text-right"> <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Treeline ecotones under global change: linking spatial patterns to ecological processes" data-url="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue1336.html" data-id="1336" style="display: none;"> <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i> </a> <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Treeline ecotones under global change: linking spatial patterns to ecological processes" data-url="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue1336.html" data-id="1336" title="Copy to clipboard"> <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues"> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content"> <a href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1294.html">Mercury science to inform international policy: the Multi-Compartment Hg Modeling and Analysis Project (MCHgMAP) and other research</a> (GMD/ACP/BG inter-journal SI) </div> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date"> 10 Nov 2023–indefinite | David McLagan (Queen's University, Canada), Ashu Dastoor (Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada), Johannes Bieser (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Germany), Celia Chen (Dartmouth, Department of Biological Sciences, USA), Jane Kirk (Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada), Adrien Mestrot (Institute of Geography, Switzerland), Anne L. Soerensen (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden), and Xun Wang (Institute of Geochemistry, China) | <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-1294" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-1294" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-1294">Information</a> </div> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-chronologically-content-1294" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div> <div class="content" id="1294"> <p>Mercury (Hg) is a chemical pollutant of human health concern worldwide; a consequence of anthropogenic activities; and the focus of the Minamata Convention on Mercury (MC; <a href="https://minamataconvention.org/en"target="_blank">https://minamataconvention.org/en</a>), an international treaty to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. The MC entered into force on 16 August 2017 and committed to limiting the use and environmental release of mercury. Also, the 1998 Protocol on Heavy Metals of the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) commits parties to mitigating emissions of mercury (as well as cadmium and lead) from a variety of point sources and provides guidance on mitigating emissions associated with heavy metal use in manufactured products. The MC framework requires an evaluation of the effectiveness of its measures in meeting the objectives beginning no later than 6 years after the convention’s entry into force and periodically thereafter. The Protocol on Heavy Metals requires a periodic review of the progress towards meeting the obligations in the protocol and the sufficiency and effectiveness of those obligations and an evaluation of whether additional emission reductions are warranted.</p> <p>This multi-journal special issue (SI) is intended to develop the required information that can be scientifically exploited to address key policy questions of the conventions: (1) what are the contributions of anthropogenic emissions and releases and other Hg sources to current Hg levels observed in air, biota, humans, and other media? (2) How have these contribution levels changed over time and over the timeline of the convention? (3) How do the contribution levels and their trends vary geographically at the global scale? (4) What are the contributions of anthropogenic emissions and releases and other drivers to the temporal trends in observed Hg levels across global regions? (5) How are observed Hg levels expected to change in the future?</p> <p>The special issue aims at collecting relevant research advances arising from the design, implementation, and results of the Multi-Compartment Hg Modeling and Analysis Project (MCHgMAP) and from the scientific community on all aspects of biogeochemical mercury cycling, including primary and secondary emissions, observations, process studies, and single to multi-compartmental and statistical model development and application. A challenge of analysing the fate of emitted mercury is that it can recycle between the atmosphere, land, and ocean, and as a result, past and present emissions can continue to affect the environment on timescales of decades to centuries. MCHgMAP is an ensemble modelling initiative developed to inform the effectiveness of evaluations of the MC and LRTAP, utilizing a coordinated modelling approach between single-medium (atmosphere, land, and ocean) and multi-media mercury models to consistently simulate the changing global and regional environmental Hg cycling and analyse its drivers. The SI includes an overview paper on MCHgMAP, describing its scientific background and design (an important and crucial preparatory stage), which will be referenced by the individual papers on this project that follow.</p> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-auto"> <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-chronologically-content-1294" data-show="#info-chronologically-link-1294">Hide</a> </div> <div class="col text-right"> <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Mercury science to inform international policy: the Multi-Compartment Hg Modeling and Analysis Project (MCHgMAP) and other research" data-url="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1294.html" data-id="1294" style="display: none;"> <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i> </a> <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Mercury science to inform international policy: the Multi-Compartment Hg Modeling and Analysis Project (MCHgMAP) and other research" data-url="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1294.html" data-id="1294" title="Copy to clipboard"> <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues"> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content"> <a href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue400_1291.html">RUSTED: Reducing Uncertainty in Soluble aerosol Trace Element Deposition</a> (AMT/ACP/AR/BG inter-journal SI) </div> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date"> 02 Nov 2023–31 Oct 2026 | Frédéric Gazeau (Villefranche Oceanographic Laboratory, France), Manmohan Sarin (Physical Research Laboratory, India), Suzanne Fietz (Stellenbosch University, South Afrca), Douglas Hamilton (North Carolina State University, USA), Akinori Ito (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan), Morgane Perron (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, France), and Mingjin Tang (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) | <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-1291" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-1291" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-1291">Information</a> </div> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-chronologically-content-1291" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div> <div class="content" id="1291"> <p> SCOR (Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research) Working Group 167 (Reducing Uncertainty in Soluble aerosol Trace Element Deposition, RUSTED), appointed in October 2022, brings together experts from the atmospheric chemistry, ocean biogeochemistry, and modelling communities. Aiming to reduce uncertainties in soluble aerosol trace element deposition, RUSTED will quantitatively assess different aerosol leaching schemes; formulate standard operating procedures (SOPs) for frequently used aerosol leaching schemes; and develop a user-friendly, open-access database of aerosol trace element data which includes advice on the use of the data in Earth system models. </p> <p> In this special issue, we propose to curate cutting-edge studies which advance our knowledge of the deposition of soluble aerosol trace elements and their impacts on marine ecosystems. We also encourage the submission of manuscripts which address challenges and/or report recent advances in the field of aerosol trace element deposition from researchers outside the working group. </p> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-auto"> <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-chronologically-content-1291" data-show="#info-chronologically-link-1291">Hide</a> </div> <div class="col text-right"> <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="RUSTED: Reducing Uncertainty in Soluble aerosol Trace Element Deposition" data-url="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue400_1291.html" data-id="1291" style="display: none;"> <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i> </a> <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="RUSTED: Reducing Uncertainty in Soluble aerosol Trace Element Deposition" data-url="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue400_1291.html" data-id="1291" title="Copy to clipboard"> <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues"> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content"> <a href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue1079.html">Ecological and biogeochemical functioning of the coastal upwelling system off Peru: an in situ mesocosm study</a> </div> <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date"> 01 Feb 2020–indefinite | Eric Achterberg, Javier Arístegui, Francisco Chavez, Michelle I. Graco, Hans-Peter Grossart, Dimitri Gutierrez, Ulf Riebesell, and Silvio Pantoja | <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-1079" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-1079" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-1079">Information</a> </div> <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-chronologically-content-1079" style="display: none"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div> <div class="content" id="1079"> The Peruvian upwelling system is one of the most productive ecosystems in the ocean. Continuous upwelling of nutrient-rich water generates high primary production, supporting an efficient food web and leading to high fishery yields. An extensive oxygen minimum zone underlying the productive surface waters gives rise to high losses of fixed nitrogen via denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation. This results in nutrient ratios of upwelled waters deviating strongly from Redfield stoichiometry, with a high N deficit and excess P. How this unusual nutrient stoichiometry affects plankton community production and succession and how this feeds back on biogeochemical cycling are still not well understood. To address these questions, an in situ mesocosm experiment was conducted in the coastal upwelling system off Peru in the framework of the Collaborative Research Center 754 "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean". The field experiment took place from January to April 2017 during a coastal El Niño, a rare event of El Niño conditions confined to Peruvian coastal waters. Key objectives of this mesocosm study, which involved 57 researchers from 10 nations, were to unravel the interplay of pelagic ecology and biogeochemistry under the unique environmental conditions of the Peruvian upwelling system. This special issue in Biogeosciences is intended as a collective outlet for publications resulting from this study, covering the broad range of research topics from seawater chemistry to plankton ecology and pelagic biogeochemistry. </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-auto"> <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-chronologically-content-1079" data-show="#info-chronologically-link-1079">Hide</a> </div> <div class="col text-right"> <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Ecological and biogeochemical functioning of the coastal upwelling system off Peru: an in situ mesocosm study" data-url="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue1079.html" data-id="1079" style="display: none;"> <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i> </a> <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Ecological and biogeochemical functioning of the coastal upwelling system off Peru: an in situ mesocosm study" data-url="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue1079.html" data-id="1079" title="Copy to clipboard"> <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> $(function (){ if(!navigator.share){ $('.si-mobile-native-share').hide(); $('.desktop-share').show(); } else { $('.si-mobile-native-share').show(); $('.desktop-share').hide(); } $('.si-mobile-native-share').click((event) => { event.stopPropagation(); event.preventDefault(); event.stopImmediatePropagation(); let element = event.currentTarget; if (navigator.share) { let url = window.getUrl(element); navigator.share({ title: $(element).attr('data-title'), text: '', url: url, }).then(() => { console.log('Successful share'); return false; }) .catch((error) => { console.log('Error sharing', error); return false; }); } return false; }); $('.desktop-share').click((event) => { event.stopPropagation(); event.preventDefault(); event.stopImmediatePropagation(); let element = event.currentTarget; let url = window.getUrl(element); window.updateClipboard(url); return false; }); }); /** * Method for copy something to clipboard * @param newClip */ window.updateClipboard = function (newClip) { if (navigator.clipboard) { navigator.clipboard.writeText(newClip).then(function () { }, function (err) { console.warn('Error during copying to clipboard: ', err.toString()); }); } return false; }; window.getUrl = function (element){ let dataUrl = $(element).attr('data-url'); if(typeof dataUrl !== 'undefined' && dataUrl.length > 0) { return dataUrl } else { let id = $(element).attr('data-id'); return window.location.href + '#' + id; } } </script> </div><div id="news_container" class="cmsbox "> <h2>News</h2> <div class="grid-container paperlist-object"> <div class="hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet mobile-grid-100"> <a class="no-border paperlist-avatar-unclickable" target="_blank" href="https://www.copernicus.org/news_and_press/2024-12-19_new-apc-model-more-inclusive-apc-discount-options-and-institutional-agreements-at-researchgate.html"><img alt="" cofileid="22335" src="https://www.biogeosciences.net/icon_public-peer-review.png" width="80px"/></a> </div> <div class="hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet mobile-grid-100"> <span class="published-date">19 Dec 2024</span> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.copernicus.org/news_and_press/2024-12-19_new-apc-model-more-inclusive-apc-discount-options-and-institutional-agreements-at-researchgate.html" class="article-title">ResearchGate and institutional agreements</a> <p class="citation">We are pleased to announce that scientists associated with our 38 library partners representing 350 universities and research centres as well as 300 institutions from Research4Life countries will be informed directly about APC coverage when browsing our articles on ResearchGate. 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Please find all information on our <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/about/article_processing_charges.html">APC page</a> as well as in the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.egu.eu/news/1203/changes-to-egu-journal-article-processing-charges/">news item from EGU</a>. </p> </div> <div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85 hide-on-mobile"> <span class="published-date">29 Nov 2024</span> <span class="article-title">Changes to article processing charges</span> <p class="citation">We are pleased to announce a change in the handling of article processing charges. 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