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measure</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: EME measure"> <meta name="keywords" content="EME measure"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="EME measure"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3261</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: EME measure</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3261</span> Entropy-Based Multichannel Stationary Measure for Characterization of Non-Stationary Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20D.%20Mart%C3%ADnez-Vargas">J. D. Martínez-Vargas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Castro-Hoyos"> C. Castro-Hoyos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Castellanos-Dominguez"> G. Castellanos-Dominguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we propose a novel approach for measuring the stationarity level of a multichannel time-series. This measure is based on a stationarity definition over time-varying spectrum, and it is aimed to quantify the relation between local stationarity (single-channel) and global dynamic behavior (multichannel dynamics). To assess the proposed approach validity, we use a well known EEG-BCI database, that was constructed for separate between motor/imagery tasks. Thus, based on the statement that imagination of movements implies an increase on the EEG dynamics, we use as discriminant features the proposed measure computed over an estimation of the non-stationary components of input time-series. As measure of separability we use a t-student test, and the obtained results evidence that such measure is able to accurately detect the brain areas projected on the scalp where motor tasks are realized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationary%20measure" title="stationary measure">stationary measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-space%20projection" title=" sub-space projection"> sub-space projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multichannel%20dynamics" title=" multichannel dynamics"> multichannel dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9597/entropy-based-multichannel-stationary-measure-for-characterization-of-non-stationary-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3260</span> A Similarity Measure for Classification and Clustering in Image Based Medical and Text Based Banking Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20P.%20Sandesh">K. P. Sandesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Suman"> M. H. Suman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Text processing plays an important role in information retrieval, data-mining, and web search. Measuring the similarity between the documents is an important operation in the text processing field. In this project, a new similarity measure is proposed. To compute the similarity between two documents with respect to a feature the proposed measure takes the following three cases into account: (1) The feature appears in both documents; (2) The feature appears in only one document and; (3) The feature appears in none of the documents. The proposed measure is extended to gauge the similarity between two sets of documents. The effectiveness of our measure is evaluated on several real-world data sets for text classification and clustering problems, especially in banking and health sectors. The results show that the performance obtained by the proposed measure is better than that achieved by the other measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=document%20classification" title="document classification">document classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=document%20clustering" title=" document clustering"> document clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title=" accuracy"> accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifiers" title=" classifiers"> classifiers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20algorithms" title=" clustering algorithms"> clustering algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22708/a-similarity-measure-for-classification-and-clustering-in-image-based-medical-and-text-based-banking-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3259</span> Entropy Measures on Neutrosophic Soft Sets and Its Application in Multi Attribute Decision Making</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Arockiarani">I. Arockiarani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of the paper is to furnish the entropy measure for a neutrosophic set and neutrosophic soft set which is a measure of uncertainty and it permeates discourse and system. Various characterization of entropy measures are derived. Further we exemplify this concept by applying entropy in various real time decision making problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy%20measure" title="entropy measure">entropy measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hausdorff%20distance" title=" Hausdorff distance"> Hausdorff distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutrosophic%20set" title=" neutrosophic set"> neutrosophic set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20set" title=" soft set"> soft set</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58101/entropy-measures-on-neutrosophic-soft-sets-and-its-application-in-multi-attribute-decision-making" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3258</span> Using a Quantitative Reasoning Framework to Help Students Understand Arc Measure Relationships</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Glassmeyer">David Glassmeyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantitative reasoning is necessary to robustly understand mathematical concepts ranging from elementary to university levels. Quantitative reasoning involves identifying and representing quantities and the relationships between these quantities. Without reasoning quantitatively, students often resort to memorizing formulas and procedures, which have negative impacts when they encounter mathematical topics in the future. This study investigated how high school students’ quantitative reasoning could be fostered within a unit on arc measure and angle relationships. Arc measure, or the measure of a central angle that cuts off a portion of a circle’s circumference, is often confused with arclength. In this study, the researcher redesigned an activity to clearly distinguish arc measure and arc length by using a quantitative reasoning framework. Data were collected from high school students to determine if this approach impacted their understanding of these concepts. Initial data indicates the approach was successful in supporting students’ quantitative reasoning of these topics. Implications for the work are that teachers themselves may also benefit from considering mathematical definitions from a quantitative reasoning framework and can use this activity in their own classrooms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arc%20length" title="arc length">arc length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arc%20measure" title=" arc measure"> arc measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20reasoning" title=" quantitative reasoning"> quantitative reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20content%20knowledge" title=" student content knowledge"> student content knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79132/using-a-quantitative-reasoning-framework-to-help-students-understand-arc-measure-relationships" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3257</span> Dissimilarity Measure for General Histogram Data and Its Application to Hierarchical Clustering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Umbleja">K. Umbleja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ichino"> M. Ichino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Symbolic data mining has been developed to analyze data in very large datasets. It is also useful in cases when entry specific details should remain hidden. Symbolic data mining is quickly gaining popularity as datasets in need of analyzing are becoming ever larger. One type of such symbolic data is a histogram, which enables to save huge amounts of information into a single variable with high-level of granularity. Other types of symbolic data can also be described in histograms, therefore making histogram a very important and general symbolic data type - a method developed for histograms - can also be applied to other types of symbolic data. Due to its complex structure, analyzing histograms is complicated. This paper proposes a method, which allows to compare two histogram-valued variables and therefore find a dissimilarity between two histograms. Proposed method uses the Ichino-Yaguchi dissimilarity measure for mixed feature-type data analysis as a base and develops a dissimilarity measure specifically for histogram data, which allows to compare histograms with different number of bins and bin widths (so called general histogram). Proposed dissimilarity measure is then used as a measure for clustering. Furthermore, linkage method based on weighted averages is proposed with the concept of cluster compactness to measure the quality of clustering. The method is then validated with application on real datasets. As a result, the proposed dissimilarity measure is found producing adequate and comparable results with general histograms without the loss of detail or need to transform the data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissimilarity%20measure" title="dissimilarity measure">dissimilarity measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20clustering" title=" hierarchical clustering"> hierarchical clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histograms" title=" histograms"> histograms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbolic%20data%20analysis" title=" symbolic data analysis"> symbolic data analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92018/dissimilarity-measure-for-general-histogram-data-and-its-application-to-hierarchical-clustering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3256</span> A Tool to Measure the Usability Guidelines for Arab E-Government Websites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omyma%20Alosaimi">Omyma Alosaimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Alsumait"> Asma Alsumait</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The website developer and designer should follow usability guidelines to provide a user-friendly interface. Using tools to measure usability, the evaluator can evaluate automatically hundreds of links within few minutes. It has the advantage of detecting some violations that only machines can detect. For that using usability evaluating tool is important to find as many violations as possible. There are many websites usability testing tools, but none is developed to measure the usability of e-government website nor Arabic e-government websites. To measure the usability of the Arabic e-government websites, a tool is developed and tested in this paper. A comparison of using a tool specifically developed for e-government websites and general usability testing tool is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-government" title="e-government">e-government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20computer%20interaction" title=" human computer interaction"> human computer interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability%20evaluation" title=" usability evaluation"> usability evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability%20guidelines" title=" usability guidelines"> usability guidelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13592/a-tool-to-measure-the-usability-guidelines-for-arab-e-government-websites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3255</span> Documents Emotions Classification Model Based on TF-IDF Weighting Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20Mansour%20Mohsen">Amr Mansour Mohsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20Ahmed%20Hassan"> Hesham Ahmed Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20M.%20Idrees"> Amira M. Idrees</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emotions classification of text documents is applied to reveal if the document expresses a determined emotion from its writer. As different supervised methods are previously used for emotion documents’ classification, in this research we present a novel model that supports the classification algorithms for more accurate results by the support of TF-IDF measure. Different experiments have been applied to reveal the applicability of the proposed model, the model succeeds in raising the accuracy percentage according to the determined metrics (precision, recall, and f-measure) based on applying the refinement of the lexicon, integration of lexicons using different perspectives, and applying the TF-IDF weighting measure over the classifying features. The proposed model has also been compared with other research to prove its competence in raising the results’ accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20detection" title="emotion detection">emotion detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TF-IDF" title=" TF-IDF"> TF-IDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WEKA%20tool" title=" WEKA tool"> WEKA tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20algorithms" title=" classification algorithms"> classification algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41563/documents-emotions-classification-model-based-on-tf-idf-weighting-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3254</span> A Review of Physiological Measures for Cognitive Workload Assessment of Aircrew</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Tahir">Naveed Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Maqsood"> Adnan Maqsood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cognitive workload is a significant factor affecting user performance, and it has been broadly investigated for its application in ergonomics as well as in designing and optimizing effective human-machine interactions. It is mentally challenging to maneuver an aircraft, and pilots must control the aircraft and adequately communicate to the verbal-auditory stimuli. Several physiological measures have long been researched and used to demonstrate the cognitive workload. In our current study, we have summarized recent findings of the effectiveness, accuracy, and applicability of commonly used physiological measures in evaluating cognitive workload. We have also highlighted on the advancements in physiological measures. The strength and limitations of physiological measures have also been discussed to assess the cognitive workload of people, especially the aircrews in laboratory settings and real-time situations. We have presented the research findings of the physiological measures to base suggestions on the proper applications of the measures and settings demanding the use of single measure or their combinations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircrew" title="aircrew">aircrew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20workload" title=" cognitive workload"> cognitive workload</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjective%20measure" title=" subjective measure"> subjective measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiological%20measure" title=" physiological measure"> physiological measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20measure" title=" performance measure"> performance measure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137265/a-review-of-physiological-measures-for-cognitive-workload-assessment-of-aircrew" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3253</span> A Study on the Acquisition of Chinese Classifiers by Vietnamese Learners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quoc%20Hung%20Le%20Pham">Quoc Hung Le Pham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the field of language study, classifier is an interesting research feature. In the world’s languages, some languages have classifier system, some do not. Mandarin Chinese and Vietnamese languages are a rich classifier system, however, because of the language system, the cognitive, cultural differences, so that the syntactic structure of classifier of them also dissimilar. When using Mandarin Chinese classifiers must collocate with nouns or verbs, in the lexical category it is not like nouns or verbs, belong to the open class. But some scholars believe that Mandarin Chinese measure words are similar to English and other Indo European languages. The word hanging on the structure and word formation (suffix), is a closed class. Compared to other languages, such as Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai and other Asian languages are still belonging to the classifier language’s second type, this type of language is classifier, it is in the majority of quantity must exist, and following deictic, anaphoric or quantity appearing together, not separation between its modified noun, also known as numeral classifier language. Main syntactic structure of Chinese classifiers are as follows: ‘quantity+measure+noun’, ‘pronoun+measure+noun’, ‘pronoun+quantity+measure+noun’, ‘prefix+quantity+measure +noun’, ‘quantity +adjective + measure +noun’, ‘ quantity (above 10 whole number), + duo (多)measure +noun’, ‘ quantity (around 10) + measure + duo (多) +noun’. Main syntactic structure of Vietnamese classifiers are: ‘quantity+measure+noun’, ‘ measure+noun+pronoun’, ‘quantity+measure+noun+pronoun’, ‘measure+noun+prefix+ quantity’, ‘quantity+measure+noun+adjective', ‘duo (多) +quanlity+measure+noun’, ‘quantity+measure+adjective+pronoun (quantity word could not be 1)’, ‘measure+adjective+pronoun’, ‘measure+pronoun’. In daily life, classifiers are commonly used, if Chinese learners failed to standardize this using catergory, because the negative impact might occur on their verbal communication. The richness of the Chinese classifier system contributes to the complexity in the study of the system by foreign learners, especially in the inter language of Vietnamese learners. As above mentioned, Vietnamese language also has a rich system of classifiers, however, the basic structure order of two languages are similar but both still have differences. These similarities and dissimilarities between Chinese and Vietnamese classifier systems contribute significantly to the common errors made by Vietnamese students while they acquire Chinese, which are distinct from the errors made by students from the other language background. This article from a comparative perspective of language, has an orientation towards Chinese and Vietnamese languages commonly used in classifiers semantics and structural form two aspects. This comparative study aims to identity Vietnamese students while learning Chinese classifiers may face some negative transference of mother language, beside that through the analysis of the classifiers questionnaire, find out the causes and patterns of the errors they made. As the preliminary analysis shows, Vietnamese students while learning Chinese classifiers made some errors such as: overuse classifier ‘ge’(个); misuse the other classifiers ‘*yi zhang ri ji’(yi pian ri ji), ‘*yi zuo fang zi’(yi jian fang zi), ‘*si zhang jin pai’(si mei jin pai); homonym words ‘dui, shuang, fu, tao’ (对、双、副、套), ‘ke, li’ (颗、粒). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition" title="acquisition">acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifiers" title=" classifiers"> classifiers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20transfer" title=" negative transfer"> negative transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vietnamse%20learners" title=" Vietnamse learners"> Vietnamse learners</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65522/a-study-on-the-acquisition-of-chinese-classifiers-by-vietnamese-learners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3252</span> A Modified Shannon Entropy Measure for Improved Image Segmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20A.%20U.%20Khan">Mohammad A. U. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20A.%20Kittaneh"> Omar A. Kittaneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Akbar"> M. Akbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20M.%20Khan"> Tariq M. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Husam%20A.%20Bayoud"> Husam A. Bayoud </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Shannon Entropy measure has been widely used for measuring uncertainty. However, in partial settings, the histogram is used to estimate the underlying distribution. The histogram is dependent on the number of bins used. In this paper, a modification is proposed that makes the Shannon entropy based on histogram consistent. For providing the benefits, two application are picked in medical image processing applications. The simulations are carried out to show the superiority of this modified measure for image segmentation problem. The improvement may be contributed to robustness shown to uneven background in images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shannon%20entropy" title="Shannon entropy">Shannon entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20image%20processing" title=" medical image processing"> medical image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title=" image segmentation"> image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19414/a-modified-shannon-entropy-measure-for-improved-image-segmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3251</span> On Generalized Cumulative Past Inaccuracy Measure for Marginal and Conditional Lifetimes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Ghosh">Amit Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanchal%20Kundu"> Chanchal Kundu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the notion of past cumulative inaccuracy (CPI) measure has been proposed in the literature as a generalization of cumulative past entropy (CPE) in univariate as well as bivariate setup. In this paper, we introduce the notion of CPI of order α (alpha) and study the proposed measure for conditionally specified models of two components failed at different time instants called generalized conditional CPI (GCCPI). We provide some bounds using usual stochastic order and investigate several properties of GCCPI. The effect of monotone transformation on this proposed measure has also been examined. Furthermore, we characterize some bivariate distributions under the assumption of conditional proportional reversed hazard rate model. Moreover, the role of GCCPI in reliability modeling has also been investigated for a real-life problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cumulative%20past%20inaccuracy" title="cumulative past inaccuracy">cumulative past inaccuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginal%20and%20conditional%20past%20lifetimes" title=" marginal and conditional past lifetimes"> marginal and conditional past lifetimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditional%20proportional%20reversed%20hazard%20rate%20model" title=" conditional proportional reversed hazard rate model"> conditional proportional reversed hazard rate model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usual%20stochastic%20order" title=" usual stochastic order"> usual stochastic order</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79608/on-generalized-cumulative-past-inaccuracy-measure-for-marginal-and-conditional-lifetimes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3250</span> Maximizing Coverage with Mobile Crime Cameras in a Stochastic Spatiotemporal Bipartite Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28Ted%29%20Edward%20Holmberg">(Ted) Edward Holmberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Abdelguerfi"> Mahdi Abdelguerfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elias%20Ioup"> Elias Ioup</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research details a coverage measure for evaluating the effectiveness of observer node placements in a spatial bipartite network. This coverage measure can be used to optimize the configuration of stationary or mobile spatially oriented observer nodes, or a hybrid of the two, over time in order to fully utilize their capabilities. To demonstrate the practical application of this approach, we construct a SpatioTemporal Bipartite Network (STBN) using real-time crime center (RTCC) camera nodes and NOPD calls for service (CFS) event nodes from New Orleans, La (NOLA). We use the coverage measure to identify optimal placements for moving mobile RTCC camera vans to improve coverage of vulnerable areas based on temporal patterns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage%20measure" title="coverage measure">coverage measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20node%20dynamics" title=" mobile node dynamics"> mobile node dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observer%20nodes" title=" observer nodes"> observer nodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observable%20nodes" title=" observable nodes"> observable nodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatiotemporal%20bipartite%20knowledge%20graph" title=" spatiotemporal bipartite knowledge graph"> spatiotemporal bipartite knowledge graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20spatial%20analysis" title=" temporal spatial analysis"> temporal spatial analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161229/maximizing-coverage-with-mobile-crime-cameras-in-a-stochastic-spatiotemporal-bipartite-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3249</span> Study on Concentration and Temperature Measurement with 760 nm Diode Laser in Combustion System Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miyeon%20Yoo">Miyeon Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sewon%20Kim"> Sewon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changyeop%20Lee"> Changyeop Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important to measure the internal temperature or temperature distribution precisely in combustion system to increase energy efficiency and reduce the pollutants. Especially in case of large combustion systems such as power plant boiler and reheating furnace of steel making process, it is very difficult to measure those physical properties in detail. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy measurement and analysis can be attractive method to overcome the difficulty. In this paper, TDLAS methods are used to measure the oxygen concentration and temperature distribution in various experimental conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunable%20diode%20laser%20absorption%20Spectroscopy" title="tunable diode laser absorption Spectroscopy">tunable diode laser absorption Spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20distribution" title=" temperature distribution"> temperature distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20concentration" title=" gas concentration"> gas concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3424/study-on-concentration-and-temperature-measurement-with-760-nm-diode-laser-in-combustion-system-using-tunable-diode-laser-absorption-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3248</span> Measure-Valued Solutions to a Class of Nonlinear Parabolic Equations with Degenerate Coercivity and Singular Initial Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavia%20Smarrazzo">Flavia Smarrazzo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Initial-boundary value problems for nonlinear parabolic equations having a Radon measure as initial data have been widely investigated, looking for solutions which for positive times take values in some function space. On the other hand, if the diffusivity degenerates too fast at infinity, it is well known that function-valued solutions may not exist, singularities may persist, and it looks very natural to consider solutions which, roughly speaking, for positive times describe an orbit in the space of the finite Radon measures. In this general framework, our purpose is to introduce a concept of measure-valued solution which is consistent with respect to regularizing and smoothing approximations, in order to develop an existence theory which does not depend neither on the level of degeneracy of diffusivity at infinity nor on the choice of the initial measures. In more detail, we prove existence of suitably defined measure-valued solutions to the homogeneous Dirichlet initial-boundary value problem for a class of nonlinear parabolic equations without strong coerciveness. Moreover, we also discuss some qualitative properties of the constructed solutions concerning the evolution of their singular part, including conditions (depending both on the initial data and on the strength of degeneracy) under which the constructed solutions are in fact unction-valued or not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degenerate%20parabolic%20equations" title="degenerate parabolic equations">degenerate parabolic equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measure-valued%20solutions" title=" measure-valued solutions"> measure-valued solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radon%20measures" title=" Radon measures"> Radon measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20measures" title=" young measures"> young measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67367/measure-valued-solutions-to-a-class-of-nonlinear-parabolic-equations-with-degenerate-coercivity-and-singular-initial-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3247</span> The Use of AI to Measure Gross National Happiness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riona%20Dighe">Riona Dighe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research attempts to identify an alternative approach to the measurement of Gross National Happiness (GNH). It uses artificial intelligence (AI), incorporating natural language processing (NLP) and sentiment analysis to measure GNH. We use ‘off the shelf’ NLP models responsible for the sentiment analysis of a sentence as a building block for this research. We constructed an algorithm using NLP models to derive a sentiment analysis score against sentences. This was then tested against a sample of 20 respondents to derive a sentiment analysis score. The scores generated resembled human responses. By utilising the MLP classifier, decision tree, linear model, and K-nearest neighbors, we were able to obtain a test accuracy of 89.97%, 54.63%, 52.13%, and 47.9%, respectively. This gave us the confidence to use the NLP models against sentences in websites to measure the GNH of a country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLP" title=" NLP"> NLP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title=" sentiment analysis"> sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gross%20national%20happiness" title=" gross national happiness"> gross national happiness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160021/the-use-of-ai-to-measure-gross-national-happiness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3246</span> Optimization of the Measure of Compromise as a Version of Sorites Paradox</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandar%20Hatzivelkos">Aleksandar Hatzivelkos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The term ”compromise” is mostly used casually within the social choice theory. It is usually used as a mere result of the social choice function, and this omits its deeper meaning and ramifications. This paper is based on a mathematical model for the description of a compromise as a version of the Sorites paradox. It introduces a formal definition of d-measure of divergence from a compromise and models a notion of compromise that is often used only colloquially. Such a model for vagueness phenomenon, which lies at the core of the notion of compromise enables the introduction of new mathematical structures. In order to maximize compromise, different methods can be used. In this paper, we explore properties of a social welfare function TdM (from Total d-Measure), which is defined as a function which minimizes the total sum of d-measures of divergence over all possible linear orderings. We prove that TdM satisfy strict Pareto principle and behaves well asymptotically. Furthermore, we show that for certain domain restrictions, TdM satisfy positive responsiveness and IIIA (intense independence of irrelevant alternatives) thus being equivalent to Borda count on such domain restriction. This result gives new opportunities in social choice, especially when there is an emphasis on compromise in the decision-making process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borda%20count" title="borda count">borda count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compromise" title=" compromise"> compromise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measure%20of%20divergence" title=" measure of divergence"> measure of divergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimization" title=" minimization"> minimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110513/optimization-of-the-measure-of-compromise-as-a-version-of-sorites-paradox" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3245</span> A Similarity/Dissimilarity Measure to Biological Sequence Alignment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20A.%20Khan">Muhammad A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Shahzad"> Waseem Shahzad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of protein sequences is carried out for the purpose to discover their structural and ancestry relationship. Sequence similarity determines similar protein structures, similar function, and homology detection. Biological sequences composed of amino acid residues or nucleotides provide significant information through sequence alignment. In this paper, we present a new similarity/dissimilarity measure to sequence alignment based on the primary structure of a protein. The approach finds the distance between the two given sequences using the novel sequence alignment algorithm and a mathematical model. The algorithm runs at a time complexity of O(n²). A distance matrix is generated to construct a phylogenetic tree of different species. The new similarity/dissimilarity measure outperforms other existing methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alignment" title="alignment">alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance" title=" distance"> distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homology" title=" homology"> homology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogenetic%20tree" title=" phylogenetic tree"> phylogenetic tree</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95183/a-similaritydissimilarity-measure-to-biological-sequence-alignment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3244</span> New Approaches for the Handwritten Digit Image Features Extraction for Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Ravi%20Babu">U. Ravi Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Mastan"> Mohd Mastan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper proposes a novel approach for handwritten digit recognition system. The present paper extract digit image features based on distance measure and derives an algorithm to classify the digit images. The distance measure can be performing on the thinned image. Thinning is the one of the preprocessing technique in image processing. The present paper mainly concentrated on an extraction of features from digit image for effective recognition of the numeral. To find the effectiveness of the proposed method tested on MNIST database, CENPARMI, CEDAR, and newly collected data. The proposed method is implemented on more than one lakh digit images and it gets good comparative recognition results. The percentage of the recognition is achieved about 97.32%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handwritten%20digit%20recognition" title="handwritten digit recognition">handwritten digit recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20measure" title=" distance measure"> distance measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MNIST%20database" title=" MNIST database"> MNIST database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20features" title=" image features"> image features</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40518/new-approaches-for-the-handwritten-digit-image-features-extraction-for-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3243</span> Market Illiquidity and Pricing Errors in the Term Structure of CDS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lidia%20Sanchis-Marco">Lidia Sanchis-Marco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Rubia"> Antonio Rubia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Serrano"> Pedro Serrano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies the informational content of pricing errors in the term structure of sovereign CDS spreads. The residuals from a non-arbitrage model are employed to construct a Price discrepancy estimate, or noise measure. The noise estimate is understood as an indicator of market distress and reflects frictions such as illiquidity. Empirically, the noise measure is computed for an extensive panel of CDS spreads. Our results reveal an important fraction of systematic risk is not priced in default swap contracts. When projecting the noise measure onto a set of financial variables, the panel-data estimates show that greater price discrepancies are systematically related to a higher level of offsetting transactions of CDS contracts. This evidence suggests that arbitrage capital flows exit the marketplace during time of distress, and this consistent with a market segmentation among investors and arbitrageurs where professional arbitrageurs are particularly ineffective at bringing prices to their fundamental values during turbulent periods. Our empirical findings are robust for the most common CDS pricing models employed in the industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credit%20default%20swaps" title="credit default swaps">credit default swaps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20measure" title=" noise measure"> noise measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illiquidity" title=" illiquidity"> illiquidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20arbitrage" title=" capital arbitrage"> capital arbitrage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21364/market-illiquidity-and-pricing-errors-in-the-term-structure-of-cds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">569</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3242</span> A Systematic Review of Situational Awareness and Cognitive Load Measurement in Driving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aly%20Elshafei">Aly Elshafei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Romano"> Daniela Romano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the development of autonomous vehicles, a human-machine interaction (HMI) system is needed for a safe transition of control when a takeover request (TOR) is required. An important part of the HMI system is the ability to monitor the level of situational awareness (SA) of any driver in real-time, in different scenarios, and without any pre-calibration. Presenting state-of-the-art machine learning models used to measure SA is the purpose of this systematic review. Investigating the limitations of each type of sensor, the gaps, and the most suited sensor and computational model that can be used in driving applications. To the author’s best knowledge this is the first literature review identifying online and offline classification methods used to measure SA, explaining which measurements are subject or session-specific, and how many classifications can be done with each classification model. This information can be very useful for researchers measuring SA to identify the most suited model to measure SA for different applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=situational%20awareness" title="situational awareness">situational awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20driving" title=" autonomous driving"> autonomous driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gaze%20metrics" title=" gaze metrics"> gaze metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title=" EEG"> EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG" title=" ECG"> ECG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157210/a-systematic-review-of-situational-awareness-and-cognitive-load-measurement-in-driving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3241</span> Poincare Plot for Heart Rate Variability </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazhar%20B.%20Tayel">Mazhar B. Tayel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eslam%20I.%20AlSaba"> Eslam I. AlSaba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heart is the most important part in any body organisms. It effects and affected by any factor in the body. Therefore, it is a good detector of any matter in the body. When the heart signal is non-stationary signal, therefore, it should be study its variability. So, the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has attracted considerable attention in psychology, medicine and have become important dependent measure in psychophysiology and behavioral medicine. Quantification and interpretation of heart rate variability. However, remain complex issues are fraught with pitfalls. This paper presents one of the non-linear techniques to analyze HRV. It discusses 'What Poincare plot is?', 'How it is work?', 'its usage benefits especially in HRV', 'the limitation of Poincare cause of standard deviation SD1, SD2', and 'How overcome this limitation by using complex correlation measure (CCM)'. The CCM is most sensitive to changes in temporal structure of the Poincaré plot as compared to SD1 and SD2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20rate%20variability" title="heart rate variability">heart rate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20system" title=" chaotic system"> chaotic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poincare" title=" poincare"> poincare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variance" title=" variance"> variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20deviation" title=" standard deviation"> standard deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20correlation%20measure" title=" complex correlation measure"> complex correlation measure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35154/poincare-plot-for-heart-rate-variability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3240</span> Explaining Listening Comprehension among L2 Learners of English: The Contribution of Vocabulary Knowledge and Working Memory Capacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Masrai">Ahmed Masrai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Listening comprehension constitutes a considerable challenge for the second language (L2) learners, but a little is known about the explanatory power of different variables in explaining variance in listening comprehension. Since research in this area, to the researcher's knowledge, is relatively small in comparison to that focusing on the relationship between reading comprehension and factors such as vocabulary and working memory, there is a need for studies that are seeking to fill the gap in our knowledge about the specific contribution of working memory capacity (WMC), aural vocabulary knowledge and written vocabulary knowledge to explaining listening comprehension. Among 130 English as foreign language learners, the present study examines what proportion of the variance in listening comprehension is explained by aural vocabulary knowledge, written vocabulary knowledge, and WMC. Four measures were used to collect the required data for the study: (1) A-Lex, a measure of aural vocabulary knowledge; (2) XK-Lex, a measure of written vocabulary knowledge; (3) Listening Span Task, a measure of WMC and; (4) IELTS Listening Test, a measure of listening comprehension. The results show that aural vocabulary knowledge is the strongest predictor of listening comprehension, followed by WMC, while written vocabulary knowledge is the weakest predictor. The study discusses implications for the explanatory power of aural vocabulary knowledge and WMC to listening comprehension and pedagogical practice in L2 classrooms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=listening%20comprehension" title="listening comprehension">listening comprehension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language" title=" second language"> second language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary%20knowledge" title=" vocabulary knowledge"> vocabulary knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20memory" title=" working memory"> working memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78914/explaining-listening-comprehension-among-l2-learners-of-english-the-contribution-of-vocabulary-knowledge-and-working-memory-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3239</span> Measure of Pleasure of Drug Users</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vano%20Tsertsvadze">Vano Tsertsvadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Chavchanidze"> Marina Chavchanidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lali%20Khurtsia"> Lali Khurtsia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Problem of drug use is often seen as a combination of psychological and social problems, but this problem can be considered as economically rational decision in the process of buying pleasure (looking after children, reading, harvesting fruits in the fall, sex, eating, etc.). Before the adoption of the decisions people face to a trade-off - when someone chooses a delicious meal, she takes a completely rational decision, that the pleasure of eating has a lot more value than the pleasure which she will experience after two months diet on the summer beach showing off her beautiful body. This argument is also true for alcohol, drugs and cigarettes. Smoking has a negative effect on health, but smokers are not afraid of the threat of a lung cancer after 40 years, more valuable moment is a pleasure from smoking. Our hypothesis - unsatisfied pleasure and frustration, probably determines the risk of dependence on drug abuse. The purpose of research: 1- to determine the relative measure unit of pleasure, which will be used to measure and assess the intensity of various human pleasures. 2- to compare the intensity of the pleasure from different kinds of activity, with pleasures received from drug use. 3- Based on the analysis of data, to identify factors affecting the rational decision making. Research method: Respondents will be asked to recall the greatest pleasure of their life, which will be used as a measure of the other pleasures. The study will use focus groups and structured interviews. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug" title="drug">drug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-user" title=" drug-user"> drug-user</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title=" satisfaction "> satisfaction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37881/measure-of-pleasure-of-drug-users" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3238</span> A Combinatorial Representation for the Invariant Measure of Diffusion Processes on Metric Graphs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michele%20Aleandri">Michele Aleandri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matteo%20Colangeli"> Matteo Colangeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davide%20%20Gabrielli"> Davide Gabrielli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study a generalization to a continuous setting of the classical Markov chain tree theorem. In particular, we consider an irreducible diffusion process on a metric graph. The unique invariant measure has an atomic component on the vertices and an absolutely continuous part on the edges. We show that the corresponding density at x can be represented by a normalized superposition of the weights associated to metric arborescences oriented toward the point x. A metric arborescence is a metric tree oriented towards its root. The weight of each oriented metric arborescence is obtained by the product of the exponential of integrals of the form ∫a/b², where b is the drift and σ² is the diffusion coefficient, along the oriented edges, for a weight for each node determined by the local orientation of the arborescence around the node and for the inverse of the diffusion coefficient at x. The metric arborescences are obtained by cutting the original metric graph along some edges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20processes" title="diffusion processes">diffusion processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20graphs" title=" metric graphs"> metric graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invariant%20measure" title=" invariant measure"> invariant measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversibility" title=" reversibility"> reversibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137576/a-combinatorial-representation-for-the-invariant-measure-of-diffusion-processes-on-metric-graphs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3237</span> Macroeconomic Measure of Projectification: An Empirical Study of Pakistani Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafaq%20Rana">Shafaq Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Ansar"> Hina Ansar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Projectification is an emerging phenomenon in Western economies. The projects have become the key driver of the economic actions. The impact of projectification is understudy for over a decade. A methodology was developed to measure the degree of projectification at economical level, which was later adapted to measure the degree of projectification in Germany, Norway, and Iceland; and compared the differences in these project societies, considering their industrial structure, organizational size, and the share of project work. Using the same methodology, this study aims to provide empirical evidence of the project work in the context of Pakistan –a developing nation, keeping into consideration the macroeconomic measures, qualitative and quantitative measures of the project i/c GDP, monetary measures, and project success. The research includes a qualitative pre-study to define these macro-measures in the country-specific context and a quantitative study to measure the project work w.r.t hours working in the organizations on projects. The outcome of this study provides the key data on the projectification in a developing economy, which will help industry practitioners and decision-makers to examine the consequences of projectification and strategize, respectively. This study also provides a foundation for further research in individual sectors of the country while exploring different macroeconomic questions, including the effect of projectification on project productivity, income effects, and labor market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20economy" title="developing economy">developing economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20work" title=" project work"> project work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=projectification" title=" projectification"> projectification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127527/macroeconomic-measure-of-projectification-an-empirical-study-of-pakistani-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3236</span> Prioritization of Mutation Test Generation with Centrality Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supachai%20Supmak">Supachai Supmak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yachai%20Limpiyakorn"> Yachai Limpiyakorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mutation testing can be applied for the quality assessment of test cases. Prioritization of mutation test generation has been a critical element of the industry practice that would contribute to the evaluation of test cases. The industry generally delivers the product under the condition of time to the market and thus, inevitably sacrifices software testing tasks, even though many test cases are required for software verification. This paper presents an approach of applying a social network centrality measure, PageRank, to prioritize mutation test generation. The source code with the highest values of PageRank will be focused first when developing their test cases as these modules are vulnerable to defects or anomalies which may cause the consequent defects in many other associated modules. Moreover, the approach would help identify the reducible test cases in the test suite, still maintaining the same criteria as the original number of test cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20testing" title="software testing">software testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation%20test" title=" mutation test"> mutation test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20centrality%20measure" title=" network centrality measure"> network centrality measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20case%20prioritization" title=" test case prioritization"> test case prioritization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154408/prioritization-of-mutation-test-generation-with-centrality-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3235</span> Is It Important to Measure the Volumetric Mass Density of Nanofluids?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Haddad">Z. Haddad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Abid"> C. Abid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Rahli"> O. Rahli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Margeat"> O. Margeat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Dachraoui"> W. Dachraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mataoui"> A. Mataoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aims to measure the volumetric mass density of NiPd-heptane nanofluids synthesized using a one-step method known as thermal decomposition of metal-surfactant complexes. The particle concentration is up to 7.55 g/l and the temperature range of the experiment is from 20°C to 50°C. The measured values were compared with the mixture theory and good agreement between the theoretical equation and measurement were obtained. Moreover, the available nanofluids volumetric mass density data in the literature is reviewed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiPd%20nanoparticles" title="NiPd nanoparticles">NiPd nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluids" title=" nanofluids"> nanofluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volumetric%20mass%20density" title=" volumetric mass density"> volumetric mass density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5042/is-it-important-to-measure-the-volumetric-mass-density-of-nanofluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3234</span> Static vs. Stream Mining Trajectories Similarity Measures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musaab%20Riyadh">Musaab Riyadh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norwati%20Mustapha"> Norwati Mustapha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20Riyadh"> Dina Riyadh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trajectory similarity can be defined as the cost of transforming one trajectory into another based on certain similarity method. It is the core of numerous mining tasks such as clustering, classification, and indexing. Various approaches have been suggested to measure similarity based on the geometric and dynamic properties of trajectory, the overlapping between trajectory segments, and the confined area between entire trajectories. In this article, an evaluation of these approaches has been done based on computational cost, usage memory, accuracy, and the amount of data which is needed in advance to determine its suitability to stream mining applications. The evaluation results show that the stream mining applications support similarity methods which have low computational cost and memory, single scan on data, and free of mathematical complexity due to the high-speed generation of data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20distance%20measure" title="global distance measure">global distance measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20distance%20measure" title=" local distance measure"> local distance measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20trajectory" title=" semantic trajectory"> semantic trajectory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20dimension" title=" spatial dimension"> spatial dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20data%20mining" title=" stream data mining"> stream data mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94763/static-vs-stream-mining-trajectories-similarity-measures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3233</span> Implementation of Statistical Parameters to Form an Entropic Mathematical Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurcharan%20Singh%20Buttar">Gurcharan Singh Buttar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been discovered that although these two areas, statistics, and information theory, are independent in their nature, they can be combined to create applications in multidisciplinary mathematics. This is due to the fact that where in the field of statistics, statistical parameters (measures) play an essential role in reference to the population (distribution) under investigation. Information measure is crucial in the study of ambiguity, assortment, and unpredictability present in an array of phenomena. The following communication is a link between the two, and it has been demonstrated that the well-known conventional statistical measures can be used as a measure of information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20distribution" title="probability distribution">probability distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concavity" title=" concavity"> concavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetry" title=" symmetry"> symmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variance" title=" variance"> variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20tendency" title=" central tendency"> central tendency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142293/implementation-of-statistical-parameters-to-form-an-entropic-mathematical-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3232</span> Global Voltage Harmonic Index for Measuring Harmonic Situation of Power Grids: A Focus on Power Transformers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Zabihi">Alireza Zabihi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Peyghami"> Saeed Peyghami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Mokhtari"> Hossein Mokhtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increasing deployment of renewable power plants, such as solar and wind, it is crucial to measure the harmonic situation of the grid. This paper proposes a global voltage harmonic index to measure the harmonic situation of the power grid with a focus on power transformers. The power electronics systems used to connect these plants to the network can introduce harmonics, leading to increased losses, reduced efficiency, false operation of protective relays, and equipment damage due to harmonic intensifications. The proposed index considers the losses caused by harmonics in power transformers which are of great importance and value to the network, providing a comprehensive measure of the harmonic situation of the grid. The effectiveness of the proposed index is evaluated on a real-world distribution network, and the results demonstrate its ability to identify the harmonic situation of the network, particularly in relation to power transformers. The proposed index provides a comprehensive measure of the harmonic situation of the grid, taking into account the losses caused by harmonics in power transformers. The proposed index has the potential to support power companies in optimizing their power systems and to guide researchers in developing effective mitigation strategies for harmonics in the power grid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20voltage%20harmonic%20index" title="global voltage harmonic index">global voltage harmonic index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonics" title=" harmonics"> harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20grid" title=" power grid"> power grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20quality" title=" power quality"> power quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20transformers" title=" power transformers"> power transformers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169470/global-voltage-harmonic-index-for-measuring-harmonic-situation-of-power-grids-a-focus-on-power-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EME%20measure&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EME%20measure&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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