CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913499225c3d3d80',cH: 'gf7vrTbFbY_hpZr0qC6kHSJKLkYhBSoDEJE.d0GlaJo-1739782943-1.2.1.1-NUF2jDbT22AXAYVAv_kn7_FKRQXzkcNwJugRUqYuPJLt5wt3qOJl_zM3MJIsRvh8',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=document%20clustering&__cf_chl_tk=CUTVwr1ETrQt9DSpSCOu4RJYVitKEZrrRHWiWQZtGCg-1739782943-1.0.1.1-V6Q4j1F3zZFXcnZB8U6dn212jX0f.bY8pgTfmFsHFBc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782943',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=document%20clustering&__cf_chl_f_tk=CUTVwr1ETrQt9DSpSCOu4RJYVitKEZrrRHWiWQZtGCg-1739782943-1.0.1.1-V6Q4j1F3zZFXcnZB8U6dn212jX0f.bY8pgTfmFsHFBc",md: "pWEQMTYPIOC_PPIXUcfXAd03HFNwRgQoX.l87b4o5.Y-1739782943-1.2.1.1-frWyX2euoxpD7EJdh6hdf8e23AGHJ1VxC36CGCqvb8pK70AC6L4QkDELgdovXPQkkh.4poUwHjAWqgWoHSWAF93ePY9thgjDvqJCcFXoQE90ouIsL55OJz2omElvBcS6An28OiCP7CsIKlGSleCYIYBBL2WqvV6CPhbRiYM6FkDrlbhtWaYjGwY_qfH8ZS6flP4UmW6tdsJFA19FaMD0GDorpihWuS5x_nvKC8r3e77WeuvuCxB2cqIDMk18D42gAjxWbdvDdp45qlF.AOKhD_eIcuNMwkg7vh6oi5Eg7LU8jPmFavq7j9a3Tw01rI0zCxYblAJb1cCMi6jGvoPdp8qXKNKYYKbbwduurkuicS5D8Rv8ACI4997JtM70EsEYogA6wcPzOmd8.63e.ZRabWl3oSOQGqJCquGBuk1Jxnrz0RNuse0flUIaM9zHMikAyHdEih8mUIEogrs4n_LTJZtl0JKB9IFQhAfPIHE0fnlLWL9Swy0097h_HbNa5nge4TYpoyqgEuiGs4b4Q2cQ5C8EVzISl0GJ.H2zPo5DkfZq5WFfvzBy2vycjl7kMLnw2Xao_uR5Q4UI1dn.pia1WqykLHIsJ29nycsowG4xiTEygRxxKNrCQsTSy2.HHK4ssyFKrjQPIQxAEvbw0WjWD_3O7.rlNg0MIIBS8JMrI.oA5HLvTdg0XO68gvcLG3_RBWM8n8wEJMDFiVnxqGzsfrC4JL23jslfFXQBgOKeIjBDloit2POyTAbMBr1Ej35dIu7RwqYE4d9MHCdH1cdGY8yCWMU2ZZuvaJ9l6iUAWhOQutF7_h1HgiNtlOyH52rQt5dYuZAXgU9ZjXLT7aA0iJwQwYc1GzYIvcq5oSZ8Z2rLDeTkdluQMt6aed1M_o8rnBYjsbCrQNUXuqSdUKLniJQW2o3fFFgd4f__aaImWx9YtaaeGgrnZBlXdp0jT7MH80wID7cRTTRGDhfK4YtwuvLMqLm.QW6.kGTGB1Qlq6IUvj0HjjxNDo.JoK7UDBlmOp4PHg_PmaVM_2.sHNe1.2O8nWQlaKf8APHqoDLui05e8BpIqbJmPBJfcQx0TPFiGivh1nRA5i.8sH94EmY3fYwOoaDbOwYuqJg6mfvbja6JOjcLbtolPw3a47pNwllYDXoa.LUeLJZF9az.tnkKs6X.ic8XDWgoyYV52SnwfB_469tg8DNWkiVuPOQ45Z19O0w3GsCB5GHq3T9NzBkzCfJCvD1_GCyUeZBM1FoNyO84WyYmUbqfzT0D0lLM6JQcQKL8P7jglbPlhxKzJj8bYJzGAF93OGhOarJ7t2WtiaGwIcGMAMH4IWsfB5JH8zPanOb0X1EPxi_xM5cONW0u4vTXjExP1Ei3IQf6od83MOb6c_nVQ6Y5gri6cf6UDGQEKzwhE_a37lvWbPTJcth4Ga2lllEtNohtr56qHzDYNN7UU4yVb8sd2rNLG_jsD54D_mvZyM_fY.2SfK9R4.tVN8Hg_AgVB.YC6VJlvR.53dSESoYVomTDuxtbam8vICQm5QhuDENLhXPaQtEWiR9lNBXOC8IM7mCpR01oFBXFUrtqu4GEkOoRKUYeKLFAHtWIwJ03oTk1glZ5bJXiemCOlfGeXO94U.wZYLPwag1z5hsADYRzIW3ww3rFNfD42SeSnHudZaOTYBv_SGOYfPYkwXBcj_2VVVv9uyegZDh3eHEACFOjGi7nuYo0kW8KS4S2X76BZjKrd0aPoNssvkfPYS44YhKN6IGmnIPFuG4xo3_4__talSSTZm_jgYXjcBqOukpA4BTxR5UA6eTLZyFIzAPVUsAXEvkg6O1eaite75Y_B1dbPQe9lkxNOlG4lH3oYy7eOaqIS3Bcu0XBCqwWsEh0o5Hagw33uUupTwEy8BBN7PO355ui9WGJFIEgd1uH4IO_slQhrK1zU5aeg4vZOQKF4xdCSV13C4gtrybIfaygeBYBMjethuuIRjdqZT5e",mdrd: "v.mRm6nSuulNgk24VluvAyCzPglIo0blGmdtpI_u8qU-1739782943-1.2.1.1-fVhcKxgWsh9H4on.4z0WCpurRcBE8Ae9SWyVyxmLjh0y0UTWWJW8w3tOoNzosCBNM5QxB7Ko29N6_e23qJc5R7CxvU2wIccamMm3fgNJ39PrAxgQg6hBoGK2u1dnGEPvJWIuGUHcjdihUJzs6m8hHUBfeQ2z1UPD8cnMXuF3HYd2URap2HmZ6LwTVToKKQfnQ254l1iiBZ3_LtoDsDIkZyVTojHayl8_Co7V06743SXLq74mH6N4VBnQ6UZoVmJGKOjdsdvKK5IJCMkwmu3e2ns.5RPu_WWjbfI81OGBepwmke84eTkdN8M5dXHzZxyVjRlNYHSELaQqKUcYpis2ezL2MPIdT4.ttg9zemlwQR3YZk_vfq5o1l4EHMFcxoMoNBQRJ..ZD9TYIJk.bMU9tWsLlj.rIdSx9XMnX9ghdLbZ._TI_Rdp1daKoxHYZ1DouH9x9qdXBwyAK5kLWPK7E4cHpU2w7MSDSNfAUxezyWpVyy1FOtoTSEp_nv5_1bZz24H63tEWWu_rZEN_R.95UPlC7afue8ExFpvMDkMI1i6XcXqOBRiveFdwgaFVPM7j4FJfOesB178QJHbDHu5y3NK9LbYs.JM_A30M_g5MYdCRSYD9kuQC6MdFb0nqD8qYMUeIq12J0EVY4cEkRim98GCIE63hOwb3LAQopoloAsHkWCx8vJL2jrOHfMnFh6TFNqQMgQs496s0VK8gQVyRuG1XXWbFOMFXfpQfyyCzPU5qmytmrR1nHdm8.bBVtYGEIwScFPolQSwbTQbLuqK1P2sCIs2OQzzsaSfPKPR1_BS1Wnml_UGBzQfQjdeNLNdXVayaesgMiZWkaFyleLuZjHo0pHqkQYU9jT6sldDBfs690fKwf9OIhWlV00V3DmvBzja0Fxyt3LlZ.Gi0Hv4USLylNF9RrmzVl0acTiPby1AomOvQynFVvFJziHTNz8e5XalyoThNxbQiFpmGcrS04tiWS97zzjkRBWbmZc6N3Myix5AzIun5rogeFWZJ2OKz7DKcueEd3PB5Iy2oAtPgtl0wO9_53BEWkpFohBymJeMiZWI_D1XYwljGhiLHw15rIaQgyejwJGIwJr6_CUdeVb3umF3jvnku.k1jXoEwifR67vVkkvK3lxJmKels5V9P9DJXrxg2RH2omfwInm4Z0vqP44.9ipoav47Eb28RbGnheqHcNbvj3VLw8iWu8Ky6qI34kdMr_AgaYMo5EPtxg40OHaYU2NTHdFFFyK9s3u62mRgvuoJloomCrsBadoVbxRX88h.BrWyM5J.lekWHYWJ1ax_ZeYeY9fTUMzMJULYk6nCL.Ekec7Xw.MXTPEJ4SLSST5cHkASDuQpZVdmfdVzu.mzdORF_izxxnHFuky6wMGkGlqyQO.JrLbmUI.VJ9fspPaf5Im8iGyMqr7quZ9IeEPm3IJ0RSLjHH2FvascEQ.eG8xGqn8qh.cWRy2EpIMdpzXAla7epjXngKD.3tjAcNL7JU1K_6u5fmM86LIRj30w5ziXfeR8dD3S507QdrVh5yN9cweMhhtcXpiHyyWXmRlXwgYr3H_.jWUQeHXuePw4MBRJSOkfbLLKNi0QP4se896lJo5Z4q2gff9VkgShc_XsJj41uDv9732aZxurs0czHwh62WBqKPjSSf2LsQGg1kHFIjVIIapHmvEhPF1_9KreQcnvSRB1ql3MvGvfGepws.4iAd2158CaGHH5DLB2WmMVLcnFnGXy0...S70t_4rOf_9mQZ6Vplz8ErhOO1CpKCmYRLAoGwHFiJtMlTu9LEav7W_IS1XkqkFrSM3_Do23l4tViX0ypW9u1O_vBa6IEh7Am0o3S026KdcLoQzYYRu.Q7Egn4aVwJNZXXEGUs2qGlQ3DPKVtl6XxMnzs5WV5iToAMwejnM9xw5idMFR2Qh9pm6Yhkj3YK8wnGnzvFxEXbPS7QRIcaw_sg3qeFJFX.ox.nKIm6ty_gNlM"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913499225c3d3d80';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=document%20clustering&__cf_chl_rt_tk=CUTVwr1ETrQt9DSpSCOu4RJYVitKEZrrRHWiWQZtGCg-1739782943-1.0.1.1-V6Q4j1F3zZFXcnZB8U6dn212jX0f.bY8pgTfmFsHFBc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>