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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بريكاريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريكاريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Прекариат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прекариат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precariat" title="Precariat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Precariat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariat" title="Prekariat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Prekariat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariat" title="Prekariat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prekariat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariaat" title="Prekariaat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prekariaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Επισφάλεια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επισφάλεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precariado" title="Precariado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Precariado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariato" title="Prekariato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prekariato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariatu" title="Prekariatu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Prekariatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="پریکاریات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پریکاریات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cariat" title="Précariat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Précariat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%B9%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%ED%8A%B8" title="프레카리아트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레카리아트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariat" title="Prekariat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prekariat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precariato" title="Precariato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Precariato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98" title="פרקריאט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרקריאט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariatas" title="Prekariatas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prekariatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekari%C3%A1tus" title="Prekariátus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Prekariátus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precariaat" title="Precariaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Precariaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="プレカリアート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プレカリアート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariat" title="Prekariat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Prekariat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariat" title="Prekariat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prekariat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precariado" title="Precariado – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Precariado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Прекариат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прекариат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariaatti" title="Prekariaatti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Prekariaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekariat" title="Prekariat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Prekariat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekarya" title="Prekarya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Prekarya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Прекаріат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прекаріат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Class of wage-earners in a tenuous job situation close to unemployment</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Prokaryote" title="Prokaryote">prokaryote</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, the <b>precariat</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">social class</a> formed by people suffering from <a href="/wiki/Precarity" title="Precarity">precarity</a>, which means existing without predictability or security, affecting material or psychological <a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">welfare</a>. The term is a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> merging <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/precarious" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:precarious">precarious</a></i> with <i><a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the proletariat class of industrial workers in the 20th century who lacked their own <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> and hence sold their <a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">labor</a> to live, members of the precariat are only partially involved in labor and must undertake extensive unremunerated activities that are essential if they are to retain access to jobs and to decent earnings. Classic examples of such unpaid activities include continually having to search for work (including preparing for and attending job interviews), as well as being expected to be perpetually responsive to calls for "<a href="/wiki/Gig_economy" title="Gig economy">gig</a>" work (yet without being paid an actual wage for being "on call"). </p><p>The hallmark of the precariat class is the condition of lack of <a href="/wiki/Job_security" title="Job security">job security</a>, including intermittent employment or <a href="/wiki/Underemployment" title="Underemployment">underemployment</a> and the resultant precarious existence.<sup id="cite_ref-pn4004_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pn4004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emergence of this class has been ascribed to the entrenchment of <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precariat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some theorists suggest that the young precariat class in Europe has become a serious issue in the early part of the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has been linked with major mass political developments including the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> referendum<sup id="cite_ref-opendem_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opendem-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lies_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lies-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the United Kingdom, and the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">first presidency of Donald Trump</a><sup id="cite_ref-opendem_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opendem-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lies_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lies-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-wef_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wef-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The global <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> has particularly exacerbated <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food insecurity</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A survey conducted by the <a href="/wiki/European_Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="European Council on Foreign Relations">European Council on Foreign Relations</a> discovered that only one third of Germans and one quarter of Italians and French had enough money remaining at the end of the month for discretionary spending.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British economist <a href="/wiki/Guy_Standing_(economist)" title="Guy Standing (economist)">Guy Standing</a> has analysed the precariat as a new emerging <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">social class</a> in work done for the think tank <a href="/wiki/Policy_Network" title="Policy Network">Policy Network</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wef_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wef-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 2014 book entitled <i>A Precariat Charter</i> he argued that all citizens have a right to socially inherited wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latest in the series is titled <i>The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class</i><sup id="cite_ref-pn4004_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pn4004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he proposed <a href="/wiki/Basic_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic income">basic income</a> as a solution for addressing the problem. </p><p>The analysis of the results of the <a href="/wiki/Great_British_Class_Survey" title="Great British Class Survey">Great British Class Survey</a> of 2013, a collaboration between the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and researchers from several UK universities, contended there is a new model of class structure consisting of seven classes, ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">Elite</a> at the top to the Precariat at the bottom.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Precariat class was envisaged as "the most deprived British class of all with low levels of economic, cultural and social capital." This was contrasted with "the Technical Middle Class" in Great Britain in that instead of having disposable income but no interests, people of the new Precariat Class have all sorts of potential activities they like to engage in but cannot do any of them because they have no money, insecure lives, and are usually trapped in old industrial parts of the country. </p><p>The precariat class has been emerging in societies such as <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, where it includes over two million so-called "<a href="/wiki/Freeter" title="Freeter">freeters</a>" who are unemployed and out of school.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the West, a similar group of people are called <a href="/wiki/NEET" title="NEET">NEETs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precariat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset_poverty" title="Asset poverty">Asset poverty</a> – Economic and social condition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagholder" title="Bagholder">Bagholder</a> – Slang for shareholder left holding worthless stocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_living" title="Cost of living">Cost of living</a> – Cost to maintain a standard of living</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a> – Arguments against the economic system of capitalism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead-end_job" title="Dead-end job">Dead-end job</a> – Job with little chance of advancement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Discrimination against autistic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispossession,_oppression,_and_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispossession, oppression, and depression">Dispossession, oppression, and depression</a> – State of low mood and aversion to activity<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of labor">Division of labor</a> – Separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialise<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">Economic inequality</a> – Distribution of income or wealth between different groups</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_security" title="Economic security">Economic security</a> – Socioeconomic and personal finance concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endo_contractualization" title="Endo contractualization">Endo contractualization</a> – Form of exploitative temporary employment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig worker</a> – Independent on-demand temporary workers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_unemployment" title="Involuntary unemployment">Involuntary unemployment</a> – Condition in which a person is unemployed despite being willing to work</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a> – British social realist artistic movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_wage" title="Living wage">Living wage</a> – Minimum income to meet a worker's basic needs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpenproletariat" title="Lumpenproletariat">Lumpenproletariat</a> – Marxist term to describe a subsection of the underclass</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McJob" title="McJob">McJob</a> – Pejorative work-related slang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">Minimum wage</a> – Lowest remuneration which can be paid legally in a state for working</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_Network" title="Policy Network">Policy Network</a> – International think tank</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precarious_work" title="Precarious work">Precarious work</a> – Type of non-standard or temporary employment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-distribution">Pre-distribution</a> – Fiscal policy idea; holds that government should prevent rather than remedy inequalities<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_army_of_labour" title="Reserve army of labour">Reserve army of labour</a> – Marxian economic concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_vulnerability" title="Social vulnerability">Social vulnerability</a> – Dimension of vulnerability to multiple stressors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_of_the_fittest" title="Survival of the fittest">Survival of the fittest</a> – Phrase to describe the mechanism of natural selection</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_ping" title="Tang ping">Tang ping</a> – Chinese neologism, "lying flat" ("lying flat")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_cost_of_living_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="UK cost of living crisis">UK cost of living crisis</a> – Ongoing cost-of-living crisis in the United Kingdom<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">Universal basic income</a> – Welfare system of unconditional income</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimology" title="Victimology">Victimology</a> – Study of victimization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workforce_casualisation" title="Workforce casualisation">Workforce casualisation</a> – Shift from stable to often contractual labor relations</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precariat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Lunning (2010).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5d0Q9fdinQUC&q=precariat+proletariat%27%27&pg=PA252">Mechademia 5: Fanthropologies<i></i></a><i>. University of Minnesota Press. p. 252. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/081667387X" title="Special:BookSources/081667387X">081667387X</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pn4004-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pn4004_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pn4004_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Standing_(economist)" title="Guy Standing (economist)">Guy Standing</a> (May 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.policy-network.net/articles/4004/-The-Precariat-%E2%80%93-The-new-dangerous-class">"The Precariat – The new dangerous class"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094106/http://www.policy-network.net/articles/4004/-The-Precariat-%25E2%2580%2593-The-new-dangerous-class">Archived</a> 2019-12-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Policy Network.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorna Fox O'Mahony, David O'Mahony and Robin Hickey (eds), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415740616/">Moral Rhetoric and the Criminalisation of Squatting: Vulnerable Demons?</a></i> (London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2014), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415740614" title="Special:BookSources/0415740614">0415740614</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qyIcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA25">p. 25</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWacquant,_Loïc2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Wacquant" title="Loïc Wacquant">Wacquant, Loïc</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151010112131/http://www.loicwacquant.net/assets/Papers/MARGINALITYETHNICITYPENALITY-Article-ERS.pdf">"Marginality, ethnicity and penality in the neo-liberal city: an analytic cartography"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_and_Racial_Studies" title="Ethnic and Racial Studies">Ethnic and Racial Studies</a></i>. <b>37</b> (10): 1687–1711. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.694.6299">10.1.1.694.6299</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01419870.2014.931991">10.1080/01419870.2014.931991</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144879355">144879355</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loicwacquant.net/assets/Papers/MARGINALITYETHNICITYPENALITY-Article-ERS.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-10-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnic+and+Racial+Studies&rft.atitle=Marginality%2C+ethnicity+and+penality+in+the+neo-liberal+city%3A+an+analytic+cartography&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1687-1711&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.694.6299%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144879355%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01419870.2014.931991&rft.au=Wacquant%2C+Lo%C3%AFc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loicwacquant.net%2Fassets%2FPapers%2FMARGINALITYETHNICITYPENALITY-Article-ERS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmoczyński2011" class="citation web cs1">Smoczyński, Wawrzyniec (15 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voxeurop.eu/en/youthful-members-of-the-full-time-precariat/">"Youthful members of the full-time precariat - VoxEurop (English)"</a>. <i>voxeurop.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=voxeurop.eu&rft.atitle=Youthful+members+of+the+full-time+precariat+-+VoxEurop+%28English%29&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.aulast=Smoczy%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Wawrzyniec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoxeurop.eu%2Fen%2Fyouthful-members-of-the-full-time-precariat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opendem-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-opendem_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opendem_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeren_Selvin_Korkmaz_&_Alphan_Telek2018" class="citation news cs1">Seren Selvin Korkmaz & Alphan Telek (2018-04-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/precariat-global-class-rise-of-populism/">"The rising precariat and left-transformation: an examination of the Five Star Movement and Corbyn's Labour Party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Open_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Democracy">Open Democracy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+rising+precariat+and+left-transformation%3A+an+examination+of+the+Five+Star+Movement+and+Corbyn%27s+Labour+Party&rft.date=2018-04-02&rft.au=Seren+Selvin+Korkmaz+%26+Alphan+Telek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2016%2F11%2Fprecariat-global-class-rise-of-populism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lies-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lies_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lies_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy_Standing2016" class="citation web cs1">Guy Standing (2016-12-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/12/lies-of-global-capitalism-guy-standing/">"The 5 biggest lies of global capitalism"</a>. World Economic Forum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+5+biggest+lies+of+global+capitalism&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft.au=Guy+Standing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2016%2F12%2Flies-of-global-capitalism-guy-standing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wef-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wef_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wef_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy_Standing2016" class="citation web cs1">Guy Standing (2016-11-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/precariat-global-class-rise-of-populism">"Meet the precariat, the new global class fuelling the rise of populism"</a>. World Economic Forum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+precariat%2C+the+new+global+class+fuelling+the+rise+of+populism&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft.au=Guy+Standing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2016%2F11%2Fprecariat-global-class-rise-of-populism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Guénolé2017" class="citation news cs1">Thomas Guénolé (2017-05-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/after-macrons-win-france-is-divided-in-four/article34915063/">"After Macron's win, France is divided in four"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Globe_and_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Globe and Mail">Globe and Mail</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=After+Macron%27s+win%2C+France+is+divided+in+four&rft.date=2017-05-07&rft.au=Thomas+Gu%C3%A9nol%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fopinion%2Fafter-macrons-win-france-is-divided-in-four%2Farticle34915063%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeBlanc2020" class="citation news cs1">LeBlanc, Adrian Nicole (September 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/02/magazine/food-security-united-states.html">"How Hunger Persists in a Rich Country Like America"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Hunger+Persists+in+a+Rich+Country+Like+America&rft.date=2020-09-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=LeBlanc&rft.aufirst=Adrian+Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F09%2F02%2Fmagazine%2Ffood-security-united-states.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButlerRice-Oxley2019" class="citation news cs1">Butler, Patrick; Rice-Oxley, Mark (2019-05-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/15/cash-credits-and-crisis-life-in-the-new-european-precariat">"Cash, credits and crisis: life in the new European 'precariat'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cash%2C+credits+and+crisis%3A+life+in+the+new+European+%27precariat%27&rft.date=2019-05-15&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Rice-Oxley%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fmay%2F15%2Fcash-credits-and-crisis-life-in-the-new-european-precariat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Standing_(economist)" title="Guy Standing (economist)">Guy Standing</a>. <i>A Precariat Charter</i>. Bloomsbury Academic. 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrocker" class="citation web cs1">Crocker, Geoff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724184412/http://www.centreforwelfarereform.org/library/by-date/the-economic-necessity-of-basic-income.html">"The Economic Necessity of Basic Income"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centreforwelfarereform.org/library/by-date/the-economic-necessity-of-basic-income.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Economic+Necessity+of+Basic+Income&rft.aulast=Crocker&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centreforwelfarereform.org%2Flibrary%2Fby-date%2Fthe-economic-necessity-of-basic-income.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jun/01/voice-for-emerging-precariat">"Who will be a voice for the emerging precariat?"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, June 1, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-22007058">"Huge survey reveals seven social classes in UK"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. April 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Huge+survey+reveals+seven+social+classes+in+UK&rft.date=2013-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-22007058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Machiko Osawa and Jeff Kingston (July 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/359fa9a8-8545-11df-9c2f-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1Y0hvtoZ1">"Japan has to address the ‘precariat’"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Financial_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Financial Times">The Financial Times</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precariat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanding2011" class="citation book cs1">Standing, Guy (2011). <i>The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class</i>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849663526" title="Special:BookSources/9781849663526"><bdi>9781849663526</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Precariat%3A+The+New+Dangerous+Class&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781849663526&rft.aulast=Standing&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalleberg2018" class="citation book cs1">Kalleberg, Arne (2018). <i>Precarious Lives: Job Insecurity and Well-Being in Rich Democracies</i>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781509506538" title="Special:BookSources/9781509506538"><bdi>9781509506538</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Precarious+Lives%3A+Job+Insecurity+and+Well-Being+in+Rich+Democracies&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781509506538&rft.aulast=Kalleberg&rft.aufirst=Arne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecariat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precariat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/precariat" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/precariat">precariat</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chomsky.info/20120508/">"Plutonomy and the Precariat"</a> Noam Chomsky in the Huffington Post</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/04/precarious-labor-strategies-union-precariat-standing/">We’re All Precarious Now</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></i>, April 20, 2015.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/15/cash-credits-and-crisis-life-in-the-new-european-precariat">Cash, credits and crisis: life in the new European 'precariat'</a> The Guardian, May 15, 2019</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Poverty" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Poverty" title="Template:Poverty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Poverty" title="Template talk:Poverty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Poverty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Poverty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Poverty" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">Poverty</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Measuring_poverty" title="Measuring poverty">Measuring poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentrated_poverty" title="Concentrated poverty">Concentrated poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_poverty" title="Cost of poverty">Cost of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_poverty" title="Disability and poverty">Disability and poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty" title="Diseases of poverty">Diseases of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_poverty" title="Climate change and poverty">Climate change and poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_poverty" title="Child poverty">Child poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_poverty" title="Chronic poverty">Chronic poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_of_poverty" title="Cycle of poverty">Cycle of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precarity" title="Precarity">Precarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaranteed_minimum_income" title="Guaranteed minimum income">Guaranteed minimum income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">Universal basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_basic_income_models" title="List of basic income models">List of basic income models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_reduction" title="Poverty reduction">Poverty reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metrics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Vulnerability_Index" title="Homeless Vulnerability Index">Homeless Vulnerability Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misery_index_(economics)" title="Misery index (economics)">Misery index (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuine_progress_indicator" title="Genuine progress indicator">Genuine progress indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legatum_Prosperity_Index" title="Legatum Prosperity Index">Legatum Prosperity Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_gap_index" title="Poverty gap index">Poverty gap index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index" title="Human Poverty Index">Human Poverty Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_Poverty_Index" title="Multidimensional Poverty Index">Multidimensional Poverty Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Index_of_Multiple_Deprivation" title="Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation">Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Working_poor" title="Working poor">Working poor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Precariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeter" title="Freeter">Freeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">Coolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underemployment" title="Underemployment">Underemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McJob" title="McJob">McJob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea-pickers" title="Pea-pickers">Pea-picker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menial_job" title="Menial job">Menial job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">Domestic worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_theft" title="Wage theft">Wage theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatshop" title="Sweatshop">Sweatshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precarious_work" title="Precarious work">Precarious work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workfare" title="Workfare">Workfare</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">Serfdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">Forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">Indentured servitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_servitude" title="Involuntary servitude">Involuntary servitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage" title="Debt bondage">Debt bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peon" title="Peon">Peonage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Child soldiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Algeria" title="Poverty in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Poverty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Ethiopia" title="Poverty in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Kenya" title="Poverty in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Namibia" title="Poverty in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Niger" title="Poverty in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Nigeria" title="Poverty in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Tanzania" title="Poverty in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Uganda" title="Poverty in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Afghanistan" title="Poverty in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bangladesh" title="Poverty in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cambodia" title="Poverty in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_China" title="Poverty in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cyprus" title="Poverty in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_East_Timor" title="Poverty in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Indonesia" title="Poverty in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Japan" title="Poverty in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Lebanon" title="Poverty in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_North_Korea" title="Poverty in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_South_Korea" title="Poverty in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Malaysia" title="Poverty in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Poverty in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Vietnam" title="Poverty in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Yemen" title="Poverty in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cyprus" title="Poverty in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_France" title="Poverty in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Germany" title="Poverty in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Moldova" title="Poverty in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Norway" title="Poverty in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Poland" title="Poverty in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Romania" title="Poverty in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Turkey" title="Poverty in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Ukraine" title="Poverty in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Australia" title="Poverty in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Poverty in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Canada" title="Poverty in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Colombia" title="Poverty in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Haiti" title="Poverty in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Mexico" title="Poverty in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Peru" title="Poverty in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_poverty" title="Theories of poverty">Theories of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">Well-being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_culture" title="Welfare culture">Welfare culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_trap" title="Welfare trap">Welfare trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare%27s_effect_on_poverty" title="Welfare's effect on poverty">Welfare's effect on poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_welfare" title="Criticism of welfare">Criticism of welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellness_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellness (medicine)">Wellness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">Quality of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-perceived_quality-of-life_scale" title="Self-perceived quality-of-life scale">Self-perceived quality-of-life scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_well-being" title="Subjective well-being">Subjective well-being</a> (SWB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_(psychological)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (psychological)">Stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_poverty" title="Rural poverty">Rural access issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providing_Urban_Amenities_to_Rural_Areas" title="Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas">Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-materialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-materialism">Post-materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen%27s_parade" title="Pen's parade">Pen's parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_poverty" title="Culture of poverty">Culture of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_poverty" title="Causes of poverty">Causes of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_global_issues" title="List of global issues">List of global issues</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diseases_of_poverty" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Diseases_of_poverty" title="Template:Diseases of poverty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Diseases_of_poverty" title="Template talk:Diseases of poverty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Diseases_of_poverty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Diseases of poverty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diseases_of_poverty" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty" title="Diseases of poverty">Diseases of poverty</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty" title="Diseases of poverty">Diseases of poverty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">Malaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">Measles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">Pneumonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">Diarrheal diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">Plague</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neglected_tropical_diseases" title="Neglected tropical diseases">Neglected diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">Cholera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagas_disease" title="Chagas disease">Chagas disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_trypanosomiasis" title="African trypanosomiasis">African sleeping sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schistosomiasis" title="Schistosomiasis">Schistosomiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dracunculiasis" title="Dracunculiasis">Dracunculiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onchocerciasis" title="Onchocerciasis">River blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visceral_leishmaniasis" title="Visceral leishmaniasis">Leishmaniasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachoma" title="Trachoma">Trachoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">Malnutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priority_review" title="Priority review">Priority review voucher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_living_in_poverty" title="List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty">List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Deprivation_Indicators" title="Template:Deprivation Indicators">Deprivation and poverty indicators</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Employment" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Employment" title="Template:Employment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Employment" title="Template talk:Employment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Employment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Employment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Employment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">Employment</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_tenure" title="Academic tenure">Academic tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_employment_(contract)" title="Casual employment (contract)">Casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingent_work" title="Contingent work">Contingent work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-time_job" title="Full-time job">Full-time job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_sharing" title="Job sharing">Job sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Part-time_job" title="Part-time job">Part-time job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-employment" title="Self-employment">Self-employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_job" title="Side job">Side job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skilled_worker" title="Skilled worker">Skilled worker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journeyman" title="Journeyman">Journeyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technician" title="Technician">Technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradesperson" title="Tradesperson">Tradesperson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent contractor">Independent contractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_hire" title="Labour hire">Labour hire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_work" title="Temporary work">Temporary work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laborer" title="Laborer">Laborer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">Wage labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recruitment" title="Recruitment">Hiring</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_for_employment" title="Application for employment">Application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_check" title="Background check">Background check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_networking" title="Business networking">Business networking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_letter" title="Cover letter">Cover letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curriculum_vitae" title="Curriculum vitae">Curriculum vitae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_test" title="Drug test">Drug testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_contract" title="Employment contract">Employment contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_counsellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Employment counsellor">Employment counsellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_search" title="Executive search">Executive search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_search_firms" title="List of executive search firms">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_programme" title="Induction programme">Induction programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_fair" title="Job fair">Job fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_fraud" title="Job fraud">Job fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_hunting" title="Job hunting">Job hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_interview" title="Job interview">Job interview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_recommendation" title="Letter of recommendation">Letter of recommendation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onboarding" title="Onboarding">Onboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overqualification" title="Overqualification">Overqualification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person%E2%80%93environment_fit" title="Person–environment fit">Person–environment fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality%E2%80%93job_fit_theory" title="Personality–job fit theory">Personality–job fit theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_hire" title="Personality hire">Personality hire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probation_(workplace)" title="Probation (workplace)">Probation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment" title="Recruitment">Recruitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sum%C3%A9" title="Résumé">Résumé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_recruiting_of_new_graduates" title="Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates">Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underemployment" title="Underemployment">Underemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work-at-home_scheme" title="Work-at-home scheme">Work-at-home scheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee">Employee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employer" class="mw-redirect" title="Employer">Employer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internship" title="Internship">Internship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job" class="mw-redirect" title="Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_hire" title="Labour hire">Labour hire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_employment" title="Permanent employment">Permanent employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisor" title="Supervisor">Supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteering" title="Volunteering">Volunteering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">Working class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-collar_worker" title="Blue-collar worker">Blue-collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-collar_worker" title="Green-collar worker">Green-collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-collar" title="Grey-collar">Grey-collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-collar_worker" title="Pink-collar worker">Pink-collar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Precariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-collar_worker" title="White-collar worker">White-collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designation_of_workers_by_collar_color" title="Designation of workers by collar color">Red-collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-collar_worker" title="New-collar worker">New-collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designation_of_workers_by_collar_color" title="Designation of workers by collar color">No-collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designation_of_workers_by_collar_color" title="Designation of workers by collar color">Orange-collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designation_of_workers_by_collar_color" title="Designation of workers by collar color">Scarlet-collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designation_of_workers_by_collar_color" title="Designation of workers by collar color">Black-collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designation_of_workers_by_collar_color" title="Designation of workers by collar color">Gold-collar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Career" title="Career">Career</a> and <a href="/wiki/Training" title="Training">training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship">Apprenticeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artisan" title="Artisan">Artisan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_craftsman" title="Master craftsman">Master craftsman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avocation" title="Avocation">Avocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Career_assessment" title="Career assessment">Career assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Career_counseling" title="Career counseling">Career counseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Career_development" title="Career development">Career development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching">Coaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_class" title="Creative class">Creative class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">Continuing education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-learning" class="mw-redirect" title="E-learning">E-learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employability" title="Employability">Employability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">Further education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_training" title="Induction training">Induction training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_worker" title="Knowledge worker">Knowledge worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licensure" class="mw-redirect" title="Licensure">Licensure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifelong_learning" title="Lifelong learning">Lifelong learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overspecialization" title="Overspecialization">Overspecialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice-based_professional_learning" title="Practice-based professional learning">Practice-based professional learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">Professional association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_certification" title="Professional certification">Professional certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_development" title="Professional development">Professional development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional school">Professional school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflective_practice" title="Reflective practice">Reflective practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retraining" title="Retraining">Retraining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">Vocational education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_university" title="Vocational university">Vocational university</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentorship" title="Mentorship">Mentorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Outlook_Handbook" title="Occupational Outlook Handbook">Occupational Outlook Handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_firm" title="Practice firm">Practice firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profession" title="Profession">Profession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operator_(profession)" title="Operator (profession)">Operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional" title="Professional">Professional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradesman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradesman">Tradesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocation" title="Vocation">Vocation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attendance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Break_(work)" title="Break (work)">Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_room" title="Break room">Break room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Career_break" title="Career break">Career break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlough" title="Furlough">Furlough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_year" title="Gap year">Gap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leave_of_absence" title="Leave of absence">Leave of absence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_service_leave" title="Long service leave">Long service leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_call,_no_show" title="No call, no show">No call, no show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbatical" title="Sabbatical">Sabbatical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_leave" title="Sick leave">Sick leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_clock" title="Time clock">Time clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schedule_(workplace)" title="Schedule (workplace)">Schedules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/35-hour_workweek" title="35-hour workweek">35-hour workweek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-day_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-day week">Four-day week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-hour_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight-hour day">Eight-hour day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/996_working_hour_system" title="996 working hour system">996 working hour system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flextime" title="Flextime">Flextime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-call" class="mw-redirect" title="On-call">On-call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtime" title="Overtime">Overtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_work" title="Remote work">Remote work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-hour_day" title="Six-hour day">Six-hour day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_work" title="Shift work">Shift work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_time" title="Working time">Working time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workweek_and_weekend" title="Workweek and weekend">Workweek and weekend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wage" title="Wage">Wages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salary" title="Salary">salaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Income_bracket" title="Income bracket">Income bracket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">Income tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_wage" title="Living wage">Living wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximum_wage" title="Maximum wage">Maximum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_average_salary" title="National average salary">National average salary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of countries by average wage">World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of European countries by average wage">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">Minimum wage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_Canada" title="Minimum wage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_Wage_Ordinance" title="Minimum Wage Ordinance">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_minimum_wage" title="List of European countries by minimum wage">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_wage" title="Progressive wage">Progressive wage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_wage" title="Progressive wage">Singapore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtime_rate" title="Overtime rate">Overtime rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paid_time_off" title="Paid time off">Paid time off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance-related_pay" title="Performance-related pay">Performance-related pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salary_cap" title="Salary cap">Salary cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_compression" title="Wage compression">Wage compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_poor" title="Working poor">Working poor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Employee_benefits" title="Employee benefits">Benefits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annual_leave" title="Annual leave">Annual leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_Friday" title="Casual Friday">Casual Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_care" title="Child care">Child care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_insurance" title="Disability insurance">Disability insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">Life insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_leave" title="Marriage leave">Marriage leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_leave" title="Parental leave">Parental leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension" title="Pension">Pension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_leave" title="Sick leave">Sick leave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sick_leave_in_the_United_States" title="Sick leave in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take-home_vehicle" title="Take-home vehicle">Take-home vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Safety and health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crunch_(video_games)" title="Crunch (video games)">Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epilepsy_and_employment" title="Epilepsy and employment">Epilepsy and employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Human factors and ergonomics">Human factors and ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoshi" title="Karoshi">Karoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rate_of_fatal_workplace_accidents" title="List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents">List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">Occupational burnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_disease" title="Occupational disease">Occupational disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_exposure_limit" title="Occupational exposure limit">Occupational exposure limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology" title="Occupational health psychology">Occupational health psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_injury" title="Occupational injury">Occupational injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_noise" title="Occupational noise">Occupational noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_stress" title="Occupational stress">Occupational stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury" title="Repetitive strain injury">Repetitive strain injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit" title="Right to sit">Right to sit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit_in_the_United_States" title="Right to sit in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_building_syndrome" title="Sick building syndrome">Sick building syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_accident" title="Work accident">Work accident</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_fatality" title="Occupational fatality">Occupational fatality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' compensation">Workers' compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_right_to_access_the_toilet" title="Workers' right to access the toilet">Workers' right to access the toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_health_promotion" title="Workplace health promotion">Workplace health promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_phobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Workplace phobia">Workplace phobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_wellness" title="Workplace wellness">Workplace wellness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_pay_for_equal_work" title="Equal pay for equal work">Equal pay for equal work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corporate_collapses_and_scandals" title="List of corporate collapses and scandals">Corporate collapses and scandals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting_scandals" title="Accounting scandals">Accounting scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_fraud" title="Control fraud">Control fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_behaviour" title="Corporate behaviour">Corporate behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_crime" title="Corporate crime">Corporate crime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour" title="Exploitation of labour">Exploitation of labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee_handbook" title="Employee handbook">Employee handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee_monitoring" title="Employee monitoring">Employee monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaluation_(workplace)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evaluation (workplace)">Evaluation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_law" title="Labour law">Labour law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_while_on_duty" title="Sleeping while on duty">Sleeping while on duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_theft" title="Wage theft">Wage theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">Whistleblower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_bullying" title="Workplace bullying">Workplace bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_harassment" title="Workplace harassment">Workplace harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_incivility" title="Workplace incivility">Workplace incivility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Willingness</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreout" title="Boreout">Boreout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careerism" title="Careerism">Careerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conscription" title="Civil conscription">Civil conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead-end_job" title="Dead-end job">Dead-end job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_satisfaction" title="Job satisfaction">Job satisfaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McJob" title="McJob">McJob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_commitment" title="Organizational commitment">Organizational commitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage" title="Debt bondage">Bonded labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_camp" title="Labor camp">Labour camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_labour" title="Penal labour">Penal labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peon" title="Peon">Peonage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck_wages" title="Truck wages">Truck wages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfree_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfree labour">Unfree labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_ethic" title="Work ethic">Work ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work%E2%80%93life_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Work–life interface">Work–life interface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downshifting_(lifestyle)" title="Downshifting (lifestyle)">Downshifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_living" title="Slow living">Slow living</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workaholic" title="Workaholic">Workaholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Termination_of_employment" title="Termination of employment">Termination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At-will_employment" title="At-will employment">At-will employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(employment)" title="Dismissal (employment)">Dismissal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banishment_room" title="Banishment room">Banishment room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructive_dismissal" title="Constructive dismissal">Constructive dismissal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrongful_dismissal" title="Wrongful dismissal">Wrongful dismissal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee_offboarding" title="Employee offboarding">Employee offboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_interview" title="Exit interview">Exit interview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layoff" title="Layoff">Layoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notice_period" title="Notice period">Notice period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_slip_(employment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pink slip (employment)">Pink slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resignation" title="Resignation">Resignation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_resignation" title="Letter of resignation">Letter of resignation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restructuring" title="Restructuring">Restructuring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement" title="Retirement">Retirement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_retirement" title="Mandatory retirement">Mandatory retirement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement_age" title="Retirement age">Retirement age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement_planning" title="Retirement planning">Retirement planning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severance_package" title="Severance package">Severance package</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_handshake" title="Golden handshake">Golden handshake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_parachute" title="Golden parachute">Golden parachute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnover_(employment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnover (employment)">Turnover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">Unemployment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barriers_to_entry" title="Barriers to entry">Barriers to entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discouraged_worker" title="Discouraged worker">Discouraged worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Economic depression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Depression" title="Long Depression">Long Depression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frictional_unemployment" title="Frictional unemployment">Frictional unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_employment" title="Full employment">Full employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_unemployment" title="Graduate unemployment">Graduate unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_unemployment" title="Involuntary unemployment">Involuntary unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobless_recovery" title="Jobless recovery">Jobless recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_curve" title="Phillips curve">Phillips curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">Recession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_losses_caused_by_the_Great_Recession" title="Job losses caused by the Great Recession">Job losses caused by the Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_recessions" title="Lists of recessions">Lists of recessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession-proof_job" title="Recession-proof job">Recession-proof job</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_army_of_labour" title="Reserve army of labour">Reserve army of labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_unemployment" title="Structural unemployment">Structural unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_unemployment" title="Technological unemployment">Technological unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_unemployment" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of unemployment">Types of unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">Unemployment benefits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_Convention,_1919" title="Unemployment Convention, 1919">Unemployment Convention, 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_extension" title="Unemployment extension">Unemployment extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of countries by unemployment rate">List of countries by unemployment rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment-to-population_ratio" title="Employment-to-population ratio">Employment-to-population ratio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_employment_rate" title="List of sovereign states by employment rate">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_curve" title="Wage curve">Wage curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_unemployment" title="Youth unemployment">Youth unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workfare" title="Workfare">Workfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment insurance">Unemployment insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make-work_job" title="Make-work job">Make-work job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_creation_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Job creation program">Job creation program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_creation_index" title="Job creation index">Job creation index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_guarantee" title="Job guarantee">Job guarantee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employer_of_last_resort" title="Employer of last resort">Employer of last resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaranteed_minimum_income" title="Guaranteed minimum income">Guaranteed minimum income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_work" title="Right to work">Right to work</a></li> <li><i>Historical:</i></li> <li><i>U.S.A.:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Works_Administration" title="Civil Works Administration">Civil Works Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Employment_and_Training_Act" title="Comprehensive Employment and Training Act">Comprehensive Employment and Training Act</a> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullshit_job" title="Bullshit job">Bullshit job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busy_work" title="Busy work">Busy work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credentialism_and_educational_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="Credentialism and educational inflation">Credentialism and educational inflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_labor" title="Emotional labor">Emotional labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Going_postal" title="Going postal">Going postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_up_kick_down" title="Kiss up kick down">Kiss up kick down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">Labor rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make-work_job" title="Make-work job">Make-work job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism_in_the_workplace" title="Narcissism in the workplace">Narcissism in the workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-work_society" title="Post-work society">Post-work society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presenteeism" title="Presenteeism">Presenteeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopathy_in_the_workplace" title="Psychopathy in the workplace">Psychopathy in the workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_scaries" title="Sunday scaries">Sunday scaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_movement_(culture)" title="Slow movement (culture)">Slow movement (culture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_leader" title="Toxic leader">Toxic leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workhouse" title="Workhouse">Workhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> See also templates</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_corporations" title="Template:Aspects of corporations">Aspects of corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_jobs" title="Template:Aspects of jobs">Aspects of jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_occupations" title="Template:Aspects of occupations">Aspects of occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_organizations" title="Template:Aspects of organizations">Aspects of organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_workplaces" title="Template:Aspects of workplaces">Aspects of workplaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Corporate_titles" title="Template:Corporate titles">Corporate titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Critique_of_work" title="Template:Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Organized_labor" title="Template:Organized labor">Organized labor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Critique_of_work" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Critique_of_work" title="Template:Critique of work"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Critique_of_work" title="Template talk:Critique of work"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Critique_of_work" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Critique of work"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Critique_of_work" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Edward Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_M._Bonanno" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfredo M. Bonanno">Alfredo M. Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gorz" title="André Gorz">André Gorz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Work" title="The Abolition of Work">Bob Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Anders" title="Günther Anders">Günther Anders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Illich" title="Ivan Illich">Ivan Illich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lafargue" title="Paul Lafargue">Paul Lafargue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Antonio Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Rubin" title="Jerry Rubin">Jerry Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Pieper" title="Josef Pieper">Josef Pieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Max Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Vaneigem" title="Raoul Vaneigem">Raoul Vaneigem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renzo_Novatore" title="Renzo Novatore">Renzo Novatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo_d%27Axa" title="Zo d'Axa">Zo d'Axa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Berardi" title="Franco Berardi">Franco Berardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Susan_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Susan Brown">L. Susan Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Bunting" title="Madeleine Bunting">Madeleine Bunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">David Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hardt" title="Michael Hardt">Michael Hardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Lazzarato" title="Maurizio Lazzarato">Maurizio Lazzarato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Peter_Ortlieb" title="Claus Peter Ortlieb">Claus Peter Ortlieb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Paulsen" title="Roland Paulsen">Roland Paulsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Rifkin" title="Jeremy Rifkin">Jeremy Rifkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Rosemont" title="Penelope Rosemont">Penelope Rosemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Slouka" title="Mark Slouka">Mark Slouka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Srnicek" title="Nick Srnicek">Nick Srnicek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Wolfe" title="Claire Wolfe">Claire Wolfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">John Zerzan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology and related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/996_working_hour_system" title="996 working hour system">996 working hour system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absenteeism" title="Absenteeism">Absenteeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abusive_supervision" title="Abusive supervision">Abusive supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_Arbeitsscheu_Reich" title="Aktion Arbeitsscheu Reich">Aktion Arbeitsscheu Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_work_and_no_play_makes_Jack_a_dull_boy" title="All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy">All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_minimum_Monday" title="Bare minimum Monday">Bare minimum Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullshit_job" title="Bullshit job">Bullshit job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_badging" title="Coffee badging">Coffee badging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatocracy" title="Corporatocracy">Corporatocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_of_poverty" title="Cycle of poverty">Cycle of poverty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolce_far_niente" title="Dolce far niente">Dolce far niente</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_overtime" title="Effects of overtime">Effects of overtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee_ghosting" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee ghosting">Employee ghosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_through_labour" title="Extermination through labour">Extermination through labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Career_cushioning" title="Career cushioning">Career cushioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careerism" title="Careerism">Careerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flextime" title="Flextime">Flextime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">Forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-day_workweek" title="Four-day workweek">Four-day workweek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funemployment" title="Funemployment">Funemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_job" title="Ghost job">Ghost job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uberisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Uberisation">Uberisation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_cliff" title="Glass cliff">Glass cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness_economics" title="Happiness economics">Happiness economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon-hangover_effect" title="Honeymoon-hangover effect">Honeymoon-hangover effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hush_trip" title="Hush trip">Hush trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_crafting" title="Job crafting">Job crafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_cuffing" title="Job cuffing">Job cuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobless_employed" title="Jobless employed">Jobless employed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoshi" title="Karoshi">Karoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loud_quitting" title="Loud quitting">Loud quitting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neijuan" title="Neijuan">Neijuan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">Occupational burnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_stress" title="Occupational stress">Occupational stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A._suicides" title="Orange S.A. suicides">Orange S.A. suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwork" title="Overwork">Overwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_punishment" title="Performance punishment">Performance punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-work_society" title="Post-work society">Post-work society</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Precariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presenteeism" title="Presenteeism">Presenteeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_presenteeism" title="Digital presenteeism">Digital presenteeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivity_theater" title="Productivity theater">Productivity theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_abuse" title="Professional abuse">Professional abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_work_ethic" title="Protestant work ethic">Protestant work ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_safety" title="Psychological safety">Psychological safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_quitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick quitting">Quick quitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_hiring" title="Quiet hiring">Quiet hiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_promotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiet promotion">Quiet promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_quitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiet quitting">Quiet quitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_thriving" title="Quiet thriving">Quiet thriving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_girl_job" title="Lazy girl job">Lazy girl job</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_applying" title="Rage applying">Rage applying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resenteeism" title="Resenteeism">Resenteeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_rest_and_leisure" title="Right to rest and leisure">Right to rest and leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampo_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampo generation">Sampo generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_scaries" title="Sunday scaries">Sunday scaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-hour_day" title="Six-hour day">Six-hour day</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tang_ping" title="Tang ping">Tang ping</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_unemployment" title="Technological unemployment">Technological unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism_in_the_workplace" title="Narcissism in the workplace">Narcissism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopathy_in_the_workplace" title="Psychopathy in the workplace">Psychopathy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_ethic" title="Work ethic">Work ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workaholic" title="Workaholic">Workaholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_poor" title="Working poor">Working poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work%E2%80%93life_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Work–life interface">Work–life interface</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theater, movies, music and art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_Nous_la_Libert%C3%A9" title="À Nous la Liberté">À Nous la Liberté</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Office_Space" title="Office Space">Office Space</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Public_Freedom_Service" title="Swedish Public Freedom Service">Swedish Public Freedom Service</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_This_Job_and_Shove_It" title="Take This Job and Shove It">Take This Job and Shove It</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_of_Work_and_Death" title="The Future of Work and Death">The Future of Work and Death</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Main_Thing_Is_Work!" title="The Main Thing Is Work!">The Main Thing Is Work!</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Working_Class_Goes_to_Heaven" title="The Working Class Goes to Heaven">The Working Class Goes to Heaven</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yama%E2%80%94Attack_to_Attack" title="Yama—Attack to Attack">Yama—Attack to Attack</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_critical_of_work_and_the_work_ethic" title="Category:Literature critical of work and the work ethic">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anekdote_zur_Senkung_der_Arbeitsmoral" title="Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral">Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bartleby,_the_Scrivener" title="Bartleby, the Scrivener">Bartleby, the Scrivener</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bonjour_paresse" title="Bonjour paresse">Bonjour paresse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bullshit_Jobs" title="Bullshit Jobs">Bullshit Jobs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conquest_of_Bread" title="The Conquest of Bread">The Conquest of Bread</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_Economic_Reason" title="Critique of Economic Reason">Critique of Economic Reason</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fight_Club_(novel)" title="Fight Club (novel)">Fight Club</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Future_Primitive_and_Other_Essays" title="Future Primitive and Other Essays">Future Primitive and Other Essays</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Praise_of_Idleness_and_Other_Essays" title="In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays">In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inventing_the_Future:_Postcapitalism_and_a_World_Without_Work" title="Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work">Inventing the Future</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Against_Work" title="Manifesto Against Work">Manifesto Against Work</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Escapologist" title="New Escapologist">New Escapologist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Poverty_of_Student_Life" title="On the Poverty of Student Life">On the Poverty of Student Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steal_This_Book" title="Steal This Book">Steal This Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Work" title="The Abolition of Work">The Abolition of Work</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Work" title="The End of Work">The End of Work</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Human_Use_of_Human_Beings" title="The Human Use of Human Beings">The Human Use of Human Beings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Idler_(1993)" title="The Idler (1993)">The Idler</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_of_Everyday_Life" title="The Revolution of Everyday Life">The Revolution of Everyday Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Right_to_Be_Lazy" title="The Right to Be Lazy">The Right to Be Lazy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Soul_at_Work:_From_Alienation_to_Autonomy" title="The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Autonomy">The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Autonomy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R/antiwork" title="R/antiwork">R/antiwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrimethInc." title="CrimethInc.">CrimethInc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_strain" title="Job strain">Job strain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Young_adult_development" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Young_adult_development" title="Template:Young adult development"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Young_adult_development" title="Template talk:Young adult development"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Young_adult_development" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Young adult development"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Young_adult_development" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Young_adult" title="Young adult">Young adult</a> development</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life stages or events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolescence" title="Adolescence">Adolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_adulthood_and_early_adulthood" title="Emerging adulthood and early adulthood">Emerging adulthood and early adulthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_year" title="Gap year">Gap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_formation" title="Identity formation">Identity formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-sufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficiency">Self-sufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twixter" title="Twixter">Twixter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological or<br />social dysfunction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_Generation" title="Boomerang Generation">Boomerang Generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABniby%C5%8D" title="Chūnibyō">Chūnibyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disconnected_youth" title="Disconnected youth">Disconnected youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_mobility" title="Economic mobility">Economic mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeter" title="Freeter">Freeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikikomori" 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