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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Military service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Post-war employment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Writing career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>List of works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Other works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Erich Maria Remarque</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 92 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83" title="إريك ماريا ريمارك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إريك ماريا ريمارك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B0_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%84" title="Էրիհ Մարիա Ռեմարք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Էրիհ Մարիա Ռեմարք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erix_Mariya_Remark" title="Erix Mariya Remark – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Erix Mariya Remark" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="اریش ماریا رمارک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اریش ماریا رمارک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="এরিখ মারিয়া রেমার্ক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এরিখ মারিয়া রেমার্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ремарк Эрих Мария – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ремарк Эрих Мария" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Эрых Марыя Рэмарк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эрых Марыя Рэмарк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Эрых Марыя Рэмарк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эрых Марыя Рэмарк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Ерих Мария Ремарк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ерих Мария Ремарк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Эрих Мария Ремарк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эрих Мария Ремарк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%87_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA" title="Έριχ Μαρία Ρεμάρκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έριχ Μαρία Ρεμάρκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="اریش ماریا رمارک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اریش ماریا رمارک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%A0%88%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="에리히 마리아 레마르크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에리히 마리아 레마르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AD_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF" title="Էրիխ Մարիա Ռեմարկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էրիխ Մարիա Ռեմարկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="ऐरिश मरीआ रिमारक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऐरिश मरीआ रिमारक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ремарк, Эрих Мария – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ремарк, Эрих Мария" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="אריך מריה רמרק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אריך מריה רמרק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ერიხ მარია რემარკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ერიხ მარია რემარკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Эрих Мария Ремарк – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эрих Мария Ремарк" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Эрих Мария Ремарк – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эрих Мария Ремарк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ремарк, Эрих Мария – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ремарк, Эрих Мария" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericus_Maria_Remarque" title="Ericus Maria Remarque – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ericus Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92rihs_Marija_Remarks" title="Ērihs Marija Remarks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ērihs Marija Remarks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Ерих Марија Ремарк – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ерих Марија Ремарк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%81" title="എറിക് മരിയ റിമാർക്വു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എറിക് മരിയ റിമാർക്വു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ერიხ მარია რემარკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ერიხ მარია რემარკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83" title="اريك ماريا ريمارك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اريك ماريا ريمارك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%92%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="エーリヒ・マリア・レマルク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エーリヒ・マリア・レマルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ремарк Эрих Мария – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ремарк Эрих Мария" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95" title="ਏਰਿਸ਼ ਮਰੀਆ ਰਿਮਾਰਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਏਰਿਸ਼ ਮਰੀਆ ਰਿਮਾਰਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ремарк, Эрих Мария – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ремарк, Эрих Мария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Ерих Марија Ремарк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ерих Марија Ремарк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erix_Mari%C3%A4_Remark" title="Erix Mariä Remark – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Erix Mariä Remark" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84" title="เอริช มาเรีย เรอมาร์ค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอริช มาเรีย เรอมาร์ค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erih_Mari%C3%BDa_Remark" title="Erih Mariýa Remark – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Erih Mariýa Remark" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ремарк, Эрих Мария – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ремарк, Эрих Мария" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Еріх Марія Ремарк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еріх Марія Ремарк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remark_Erih_Marija" title="Remark Erih Marija – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Remark Erih Marija" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Erich Maria Remarque" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B" title="埃里希·玛利亚·雷马克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃里希·玛利亚·雷马克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B" title="雷馬克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雷馬克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C4%97chs_Mar%C4%97j%C4%97_Remarks" title="Erėchs Marėjė Remarks – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Erėchs Marėjė Remarks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B" title="埃里希·玛利亚·雷马克 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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searchaux" style="display:none">German-born novelist (1898–1970)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Erich Maria Remarque</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R04034,_Erich_Maria_Remarque_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Remarque in 1929"><img alt="Remarque in 1929" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R04034%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R04034%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R04034%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R04034%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R04034%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="683" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Remarque in 1929</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Erich Paul Remark<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1898-06-22</span>)</span>22 June 1898<br /><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>, German Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="nowrap">25 September 1970<span style="display:none">(1970-09-25)</span> (aged 72)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Locarno" title="Locarno">Locarno</a>, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Novelist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Germany (1898–1938)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">Stateless</a> (1938–1947)</li><li>United States (1947–1970)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Ilse Jutta Zambona</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1925; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1930)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Ilse Jutta Zambona</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1938; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1957)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Paulette_Goddard" title="Paulette Goddard">Paulette Goddard</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1958)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Erich Maria Remarque</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈeːʁɪç<span class="wrap"> </span>maˈʁiːa<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁəˈmaʁk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/46\/De-Erich_Maria_Remarque.ogg\/De-Erich_Maria_Remarque.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Erich Maria Remarque.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/De-Erich_Maria_Remarque.ogg/De-Erich_Maria_Remarque.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Erich_Maria_Remarque.ogg" title="File:De-Erich Maria Remarque.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> born <b>Erich Paul Remark</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 22 June 1898 – 25 September 1970) was a German-born novelist. His landmark novel <i><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front" title="All Quiet on the Western Front">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></i> (1928), based on his experience in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Army" title="Imperial German Army">Imperial German Army</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, was an international bestseller which created a new literary genre of veterans writing about conflict. The book was adapted to <a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front#Adaptations" title="All Quiet on the Western Front">film</a> several times. Remarque's anti-war themes led to his condemnation by <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> propaganda minister <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> as "unpatriotic". He was able to use his literary success and fame to relocate to Switzerland as a refugee, and to the United States, where he became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalized_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized citizen">naturalized citizen</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Remarque was born on 22 June 1898, as Erich Paul Remark, to Peter Franz Remark and Anna Maria (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Stallknecht</span>), a working-class <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson,_William_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson,_William-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was never close with his father, a <a href="/wiki/Bookbinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookbinder">bookbinder</a>, but he was close with his mother and he began using the middle name Maria after World War I in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remarque was the third of four children of Peter and Anna. His siblings were his older sister Erna, older brother Theodor Arthur (who died at the age of five or six), and younger sister <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Scholz" title="Elfriede Scholz">Elfriede</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The spelling of his last name was changed to Remarque when he published <i><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front" title="All Quiet on the Western Front">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></i> in honor of his French ancestors and in order to disassociate himself from his earlier novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Room" title="The Dream Room">The Dream Room</a></i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Traumbude</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Murdoch_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murdoch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His grandfather had changed the spelling from Remarque to Remark in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> by Remarque's childhood and lifelong friend Hanns-Gerd Rabe proved that Remarque had French ancestors –  his great-grandfather Johann Adam Remarque, who was born in 1789, came from a French family in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is contrary to the falsehood –  perpetuated by Nazi propaganda –  that his real last name was <a href="/wiki/Kramer_(surname)" title="Kramer (surname)">Kramer</a> ("Remark" spelled backwards) and that he was Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During World War I, Remarque was <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscripted</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Army" title="Imperial German Army">Imperial German Army</a> at the age of 18. On 12 June 1917, he was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>, 2nd Company, Reserves, Field Depot of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Guards_Reserve_Division_(German_Empire)" title="2nd Guards Reserve Division (German Empire)">2nd Guards Reserve Division</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hem-Lenglet" title="Hem-Lenglet">Hem-Lenglet</a>. On 26 June 1917 he was posted to the 15th Reserve Infantry Regiment, 2nd Company, Engineer Platoon Bethe, and fought in the trenches between <a href="/wiki/Torhout" title="Torhout">Torhout</a> and <a href="/wiki/Houthulst" title="Houthulst">Houthulst</a>. On 31 July 1917 he was wounded by shell <a href="/wiki/Shrapnel_shell" title="Shrapnel shell">shrapnel</a> in his left leg, right arm and neck, and after being medically evacuated from the field was repatriated to an army hospital in <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a>, where he recovered from his wounds. In October 1918, he was recalled to military service, but the war's <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistice</a> a month later put an end to his military career.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-war_employment">Post-war employment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-war employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war he continued his teacher training and worked from 1 August 1919 as a primary-school teacher in <a href="/wiki/Wietmarschen" title="Wietmarschen">Lohne</a>, at that time in the county of Lingen, now in the county of <a href="/wiki/Grafschaft_Bentheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Grafschaft Bentheim">Bentheim</a>. From May 1920 he worked in <a href="/wiki/Klein_Berssen" class="mw-redirect" title="Klein Berssen">Klein Berssen</a> in the former County of <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCmmling_(district)" title="Hümmling (district)">Hümmling</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Emsland" title="Emsland">Emsland</a>, and from August 1920 in <a href="/wiki/Nahne" title="Nahne">Nahne</a>, which has been a part of Osnabrück since 1972. On 20 November 1920 he applied for leave of absence from teaching. </p><p>He worked at a number of different jobs in this phase of his life, including librarian, businessman, journalist, and editor. His first paid writing job was as a technical writer for the <a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental Rubber Company</a>, a German tire manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-Motor196908_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motor196908-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_career">Writing career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Writing career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Remarque had made his first attempts at writing at the age of 16. Among them were essays, poems, and the beginnings of a novel that was finished later and published in 1920 as <i>The Dream Room</i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Traumbude</i></span>). Between 1923 and 1926 he also scripted a comic series, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Contibuben</i></span>, drawn by Hermann Schütz, published in the magazine <i>Echo Continental</i>, a publication by the rubber and tire company <a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental AG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After coming back from the war, the atrocities of war along with his mother's death caused him a great deal of mental trauma and grief. In later years as a professional writer, he started using "Maria" as his middle name instead of "Paul", to commemorate his mother.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he published <i>All Quiet on the Western Front</i>, he had his surname reverted to an earlier spelling –  from Remark to Remarque –  to disassociate himself from his novel <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Traumbude</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Murdoch_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murdoch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927, he published the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Station_at_the_Horizon" title="Station at the Horizon">Station at the Horizon</a></i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Station am Horizont</i></span>). It was serialised in the sports journal <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sport im Bild</i></span> for which Remarque was working. (It was first published in book form in 1998.) <i>All Quiet on the Western Front</i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Im Westen nichts Neues</i></span>) (1929), his career-defining work, was also written in 1927. Remarque was at first unable to find a publisher for it.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson,_William_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson,_William-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its text described the experiences of German soldiers during World War I. On publication it became an international bestseller and a landmark work in twentieth-century literature. It inspired a new genre of veterans writing about conflict, and the commercial publication of a wide variety of war memoirs. It also inspired dramatic representations of the war in theatre and cinema, in Germany as well as in countries that had fought in the conflict against the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, particularly the United Kingdom and the United States. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1018-513,_Erich_Maria_Remarque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1018-513%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1018-513%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1018-513%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1018-513%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1018-513%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1018-513%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Remarque in 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>Riding on the tail of the success of <i>All Quiet on the Western Front</i>, a number of similar works followed from Remarque. In simple, emotive language, they described wartime and the postwar years in Germany. In 1931, after finishing <i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Back" title="The Road Back">The Road Back</a></i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Weg zurück</i></span>), he bought a villa (<a href="/wiki/Casa_Monte_Tabor" title="Casa Monte Tabor">Casa Monte Tabor</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Ronco_sopra_Ascona" title="Ronco sopra Ascona">Ronco</a>, Switzerland with the substantial financial wealth that his published works had brought him. He planned to live both there and in France.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 10 May 1933, at the initiative of the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> propaganda minister <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>, Remarque's writing was publicly declared as "unpatriotic" and was banned in Germany. Copies were removed from all libraries and restricted from being sold or published anywhere in the country. </p><p>Germany was rapidly descending into a totalitarian society, leading to mass arrests of elements of the population of which the new governing order disapproved. Remarque left Germany to live at his villa in Switzerland. His French background as well as his Catholic faith were also publicly attacked by the Nazis. They continued to decry his writings in his absence, proclaiming that anyone who would change the spelling of his name from the German "Remark" to the French "Remarque" could not be a true German. The Nazis further made the false claim that Remarque had not seen active service during World War I. In 1938, Remarque's German citizenship was revoked. In 1939, he and his ex-wife were remarried to prevent her repatriation to Germany. Just before the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in Europe, they left <a href="/wiki/Ronco_sopra_Ascona" title="Ronco sopra Ascona">Porto Ronco</a>, Switzerland, for the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They became <a href="/wiki/Naturalised_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalised citizen">naturalised citizens</a> of the United States in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remarque continued to write about the German experience after WWI. His next novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Comrades_(novel)" title="Three Comrades (novel)">Three Comrades</a></i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Drei Kameraden</i></span>), focuses on life in <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> in the years of 1928 and 1929. His fourth novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Flotsam_(novel)" title="Flotsam (novel)">Flotsam</a></i> (in German titled <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Liebe deinen Nächsten</i></span>, or <i>Love Thy Neighbour</i>), first appeared in a serial version in English translation in <i>Collier's</i> magazine in 1939. He spent another year revising the text for its book publication in 1941, both in English and German. His next work, the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Triumph_(novel)" title="Arch of Triumph (novel)">Arch of Triumph</a></i>, was first published in 1945 in English, and the next year in German as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Arc de Triomphe</i></span>. Another instant bestseller, it reached worldwide sales of nearly five million. His final novel was <i><a href="/wiki/Shadows_in_Paradise_(novel)" title="Shadows in Paradise (novel)">Shadows in Paradise</a></i>. He wrote it while living at 320 East 57th Street in New York City. The apartment building "played a prominent role in his novel".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1943, the Nazis arrested his youngest sister, Elfriede Scholz, who had stayed behind in Germany with her husband and two children. After a trial at the notorious <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Volksgerichtshof</i></span> (Hitler's extra-constitutional "<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Court_(Germany)" title="People's Court (Germany)">People's Court</a>"), she was found guilty of "undermining morale" for stating that she considered the war lost. Court President <a href="/wiki/Roland_Freisler" title="Roland Freisler">Roland Freisler</a> declared, "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ihr Bruder ist uns leider entwischt—Sie aber werden uns nicht entwischen</i></span>" ("Your brother is unfortunately beyond our reach –  you, however, will not escape us.") Scholz was beheaded on 16 December 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remarque later said that his sister had been involved in anti-Nazi resistance activities.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In exile, Remarque was unaware of his sister Elfriede's fate until after the war. He would dedicate his 1952 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Spark_of_Life_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spark of Life (book)">Spark of Life</a></i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Funke Leben</i></span>) to her. The dedication was omitted in the German version of the book, reportedly because she was still seen as a traitor by some Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-SI_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Remarque_in_gesprek,_zittende_in_een_armstoel_in_zijn_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_P,_Bestanddeelnr_254-4727.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Remarque_in_gesprek%2C_zittende_in_een_armstoel_in_zijn_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_P%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4727.jpg/220px-Remarque_in_gesprek%2C_zittende_in_een_armstoel_in_zijn_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_P%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4727.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Remarque_in_gesprek%2C_zittende_in_een_armstoel_in_zijn_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_P%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4727.jpg/330px-Remarque_in_gesprek%2C_zittende_in_een_armstoel_in_zijn_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_P%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4727.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Remarque_in_gesprek%2C_zittende_in_een_armstoel_in_zijn_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_P%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4727.jpg/440px-Remarque_in_gesprek%2C_zittende_in_een_armstoel_in_zijn_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_P%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4727.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2634" data-file-height="2644" /></a><figcaption>Remarque in 1961</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1948, Remarque returned to Switzerland, where he spent the remainder of his life. There was a gap of seven years –  a long silence for Remarque –  between <i>Arch of Triumph</i> and his next work, <i>Spark of Life</i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Funke Leben</i></span>), which appeared both in German and in English in 1952. While he was writing <i>The Spark of Life</i> he was also working on a novel <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zeit zu leben und Zeit zu sterben</i></span> (<i>Time to Live and Time to Die</i>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was published first in English translation in 1954 with the not-quite-literal title <i>A Time to Love and a Time to Die</i>. In 1958, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk">Douglas Sirk</a> directed the film <i><a href="/wiki/A_Time_to_Love_and_a_Time_to_Die" title="A Time to Love and a Time to Die">A Time to Love and a Time to Die</a></i> in Germany, based on Remarque's novel. Remarque appeared in the film as an honorable teacher in hiding from the Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1955, Remarque wrote the screenplay for an Austrian film <i>The Last Act</i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der letzte Akt</i></span>), about Hitler's final days in the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker" title="Führerbunker">bunker</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Chancellery" title="Reich Chancellery">Reich Chancellery</a> in Berlin, which was based on the book <i>Ten Days to Die</i> (1950) by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Musmanno" title="Michael Musmanno">Michael Musmanno</a>. In 1956, Remarque wrote a drama <i>Full Circle</i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die letzte Station</i></span>) for the stage, which played in both Germany and on Broadway. An English translation was published in 1974. <i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_Has_No_Favorites" title="Heaven Has No Favorites">Heaven Has No Favorites</a></i> was serialised (as <i>Borrowed Life</i>) in 1959 before appearing as a book in 1961 and was made into the 1977 film <i><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Deerfield" title="Bobby Deerfield">Bobby Deerfield</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_in_Lisbon" title="The Night in Lisbon">The Night in Lisbon</a></i> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Nacht von Lissabon</i></span>), published in 1962, is the last work Remarque finished. The novel sold about 900,000 copies in Germany.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Het_echtpaar_in_hun_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_Porto_Ronco._Erich_Maria_Remarque_z,_Bestanddeelnr_254-4747.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Het_echtpaar_in_hun_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_Porto_Ronco._Erich_Maria_Remarque_z%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4747.jpg/220px-Het_echtpaar_in_hun_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_Porto_Ronco._Erich_Maria_Remarque_z%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4747.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Het_echtpaar_in_hun_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_Porto_Ronco._Erich_Maria_Remarque_z%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4747.jpg/330px-Het_echtpaar_in_hun_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_Porto_Ronco._Erich_Maria_Remarque_z%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4747.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Het_echtpaar_in_hun_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_Porto_Ronco._Erich_Maria_Remarque_z%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4747.jpg/440px-Het_echtpaar_in_hun_woonkamer_in_de_villa_in_Porto_Ronco._Erich_Maria_Remarque_z%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-4747.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2646" data-file-height="2605" /></a><figcaption>Remarque and Paulette Goddard in Ronco, Switzerland, 1961</figcaption></figure> <p>Remarque's first marriage was to the actress Ilse Jutta Zambona in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriage was stormy and unfaithful on both sides. Remarque and Zambona divorced in 1930, but in 1933 they fled together to Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938, they remarried, to prevent her from being forced to return to Germany, and in 1939 they emigrated to the United States, where they both became naturalized citizens in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They divorced again on 20 May 1957, this time for good. Ilse Remarque died on 25 June 1975. </p><p>During the 1930s, Remarque had relationships with Austrian actress <a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a>, Mexican actress <a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and German actress <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The affair with Dietrich began in September 1937, when they met on the Lido while in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">film festival</a>, and continued until at least 1940, maintained mostly by way of letters, telegrams and telephone calls. A selection of their letters was published in 2003 in the book <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sag mir, daß du mich liebst</i></span> ("Tell Me That You Love Me")<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then in the 2011 play <i>Puma</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remarque married actress <a href="/wiki/Paulette_Goddard" title="Paulette Goddard">Paulette Goddard</a> in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Remarque died of heart failure at the age of 72 in <a href="/wiki/Locarno" title="Locarno">Locarno</a> on 25 September 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His body was buried in the Ronco Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Ronco_sopra_Ascona" title="Ronco sopra Ascona">Ronco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Ticino" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Ticino">Ticino</a>, Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goddard, Remarque's wife, died in 1990, and her body was interred next to her husband's. She left a bequest of US$20 million to <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> to fund an institute for European studies, which is named in honour of Remarque,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as funding "Goddard Hall" on the <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a> campus in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel_Kaiserdamm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel_Kaiserdamm.jpg/220px-Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel_Kaiserdamm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel_Kaiserdamm.jpg/330px-Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel_Kaiserdamm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel_Kaiserdamm.jpg/440px-Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel_Kaiserdamm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1605" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_plaque" title="Commemorative plaque">A commemorative plaque</a> in memory of Erich Maria Remarque on <a href="/wiki/Kaiserdamm" title="Kaiserdamm">Kaiserdamm</a> <a href="/wiki/Boulevard" title="Boulevard">Boulevard</a> in Berlin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel.jpg/220px-Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel.jpg/330px-Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel.jpg/440px-Erich_Maria_Remarque_Gedenktafel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1612" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_plaque" title="Commemorative plaque">A commemorative plaque</a> in memory of Erich Maria Remarque at the Wittelsbacherstrasse 5 in Berlin, unveiled on 22 June 1972</figcaption></figure><p> The first director of The Remarque Institute was Professor <a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remarque's papers are housed at NYU's <a href="/wiki/Fales_Library" title="Fales Library">Fales Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Erich Maria Remarque's death in 1970, his wife Paulette Goddard lived in the villa until her death in 1990. The villa was bequeathed to New York University as part of the estate of Paulette Goddard.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Since New York University was not prepared to pay the associated inheritance tax of 18 million Swiss francs to the Canton of Ticino, the villa was confiscated by the canton. </p><p>The canton offered the villa at an auction around 2010, but there was initially no buyer, probably due to the high price and the high costs of modernizing the property.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However by 2021, the property was finally purchased by a German couple who wish to preserve Casa Monte Tabor as a place to promote peace and preserve the legacy of Erich Maria Remarque. It will continue to be used for events on peace topics. The villa has been extensively renovated in 2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_works">List of works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: List of works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note: the dates of English publications are those of the first publications in book form. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Remarque_Im_Westen_nichts_Neues_1929.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Remarque_Im_Westen_nichts_Neues_1929.jpg/150px-Remarque_Im_Westen_nichts_Neues_1929.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Remarque_Im_Westen_nichts_Neues_1929.jpg/225px-Remarque_Im_Westen_nichts_Neues_1929.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Remarque_Im_Westen_nichts_Neues_1929.jpg/300px-Remarque_Im_Westen_nichts_Neues_1929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Im Westen nichts Neues</i></span>, 1929 original version</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>(1920) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Traumbude. Ein Künstlerroman</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Room" title="The Dream Room">The Dream Room</a></i></li> <li>(written 1924, published 1998) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gam</i></span></li> <li>(1928) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Station am Horizont</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/Station_at_the_Horizon" title="Station at the Horizon">Station at the Horizon</a></i></li> <li>(1929) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Im Westen nichts Neues</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front" title="All Quiet on the Western Front">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></i> (1929)</li> <li>(1931) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Weg zurück</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Back" title="The Road Back">The Road Back</a></i> (1931)</li> <li>(1936) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Drei Kameraden</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Comrades_(novel)" title="Three Comrades (novel)">Three Comrades</a></i> (1937)</li> <li>(1939) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Liebe deinen Nächsten</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/Flotsam_(novel)" title="Flotsam (novel)">Flotsam</a></i> (1941)</li> <li>(1945) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Arc de Triomphe</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Triumph_(novel)" title="Arch of Triumph (novel)">Arch of Triumph</a></i> (1945) (Reviewed by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Simard" title="Albert Simard">Albert Simard</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Free_World_(magazine)" title="Free World (magazine)">Free World</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>(1952) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Funke Leben</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/Spark_of_Life_(novel)" title="Spark of Life (novel)">Spark of Life</a></i> (1952)</li> <li>(1954) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zeit zu leben und Zeit zu sterben</i></span>; English translation: <i>A Time to Love and a Time to Die</i> (1954)</li> <li>(1956) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der schwarze Obelisk</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Obelisk" title="The Black Obelisk">The Black Obelisk</a></i> (1957)</li> <li>(1961) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Himmel kennt keine Günstlinge</i></span> (serialized as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Geborgtes Leben</i></span>); English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_Has_No_Favorites" title="Heaven Has No Favorites">Heaven Has No Favorites</a></i> (1961)</li> <li>(1962) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Nacht von Lissabon</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_in_Lisbon" title="The Night in Lisbon">The Night in Lisbon</a></i> (1964)</li> <li>(1970) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Das gelobte Land</i></span>; English translation: <i>The Promised Land</i> (2014)</li> <li>(1971) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schatten im Paradies</i></span>; English translation: <i><a href="/wiki/Shadows_in_Paradise_(novel)" title="Shadows in Paradise (novel)">Shadows in Paradise</a></i> (1972)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_works">Other works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(1931) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Feind</i></span>; English translation: <i>The Enemy</i> (1930–1931); short stories</li> <li>(1955) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der letzte Akt</i></span>; English translation: <i>The Last Act</i>; screenplay</li> <li>(1956) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die letzte Station</i></span>; English translation: <i>Full Circle</i> (1974); play</li> <li>(1988) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Heimkehr des Enoch J. Jones</i></span>; English translation: <i>The Return of Enoch J. Jones</i>; play</li> <li>(1994) <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ein militanter Pazifist</i></span>; English translation: <i>A Militant Pacifist</i>; interviews and essays</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exilliteratur" title="Exilliteratur">Exilliteratur</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duden.de/node/120764/revision/1275735">"Remarque"</a>. Duden Online. Retrieved 7 October 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/gb/en/kul/lue/uak/per.cfm?personId=1231">"People| Goethe-Institut UK"</a>. <i>www.goethe.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.goethe.de&rft.atitle=People%7C+Goethe-Institut+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goethe.de%2Fins%2Fgb%2Fen%2Fkul%2Flue%2Fuak%2Fper.cfm%3FpersonId%3D1231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robertson,_William-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robertson,_William_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robertson,_William_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson,_William" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://remarque.org/about_remarque.html">"Erich Remarque"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erich+Remarque&rft.au=Robertson%2C+William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fremarque.org%2Fabout_remarque.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerlatsky2013" class="citation book cs1">Berlatsky, Noah (15 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5IBmDwAAQBAJ"><i>War in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front</i></a>. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7377-6808-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7377-6808-4"><bdi>978-0-7377-6808-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+Erich+Maria+Remarque%27s+All+Quiet+on+the+Western+Front&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Greenhaven+Publishing+LLC&rft.date=2013-02-15&rft.isbn=978-0-7377-6808-4&rft.aulast=Berlatsky&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5IBmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/a/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/erich-maria-remarque-biography">"Erich Maria Remarque Biography"</a>. <i>CliffsNotes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CliffsNotes&rft.atitle=Erich+Maria+Remarque+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cliffsnotes.com%2Fliterature%2Fa%2Fall-quiet-on-the-western-front%2Ferich-maria-remarque-biography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murdoch-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murdoch_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murdoch_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Afterword by Brian Murdoch, translator of 1996 English edition of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>All Quiet on the Western Front</i>. London: Vintage Books. 1996. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-953281-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-953281-1"><bdi>978-0-09-953281-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Quiet+on+the+Western+Front&rft.place=London&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-09-953281-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemarque1975" class="citation web cs1">Remarque, Erich Maria (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.schlowlibrary.org/Record/286293/Description">"All quiet on the western front"</a>. <i>Schlow Centre Region Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Schlow+Centre+Region+Library&rft.atitle=All+quiet+on+the+western+front&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Remarque&rft.aufirst=Erich+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.schlowlibrary.org%2FRecord%2F286293%2FDescription&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landová, Jolana: <i>Exil, Krieg und Flucht in Frankreich zwischen 1933 und 1941, dargestellt an ausgewählten Werken deutscher Schriftsteller</i>, Charles University in Prague, 2009, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerlatsky2013" class="citation book cs1">Berlatsky, Noah (15 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5IBmDwAAQBAJ&q=kramer"><i>War in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front</i></a>. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7377-6808-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7377-6808-4"><bdi>978-0-7377-6808-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+Erich+Maria+Remarque%27s+All+Quiet+on+the+Western+Front&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Greenhaven+Publishing+LLC&rft.date=2013-02-15&rft.isbn=978-0-7377-6808-4&rft.aulast=Berlatsky&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5IBmDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkramer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScally" class="citation news cs1">Scally, Derek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/an-unquiet-life-erich-maria-remarque-and-all-quiet-on-the-western-front-1.3772230">"An unquiet life – Erich Maria Remarque and 'All Quiet on the Western Front'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=An+unquiet+life+%E2%80%93+Erich+Maria+Remarque+and+%27All+Quiet+on+the+Western+Front%27&rft.aulast=Scally&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fan-unquiet-life-erich-maria-remarque-and-all-quiet-on-the-western-front-1.3772230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/erich-maria-remarque-in-depth#:~:text=World%20War%20I%20played%20a,trench%20warfare%20in%20Flanders%2C%20Belgium.">"Erich Maria Remarque: In Depth"</a>. <i>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.atitle=Erich+Maria+Remarque%3A+In+Depth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Farticle%2Ferich-maria-remarque-in-depth%23%3A~%3Atext%3DWorld%2520War%2520I%2520played%2520a%2Ctrench%2520warfare%2520in%2520Flanders%252C%2520Belgium.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Motor196908-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Motor196908_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Exactly as it happened... (the story of an encounter in Ticino with Remarque and the coach-built Lancia Dilambda, which following <i>All Quiet on the Western Front</i>, he purchased in 1931 and retained till the late 1960s)". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Motor_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Motor (magazine)">Motor</a></i>. Vol. 3506. 30 August 1969. pp. 26–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Motor&rft.atitle=Exactly+as+it+happened...+%28the+story+of+an+encounter+in+Ticino+with+Remarque+and+the+coach-built+Lancia+Dilambda%2C+which+following+All+Quiet+on+the+Western+Front%2C+he+purchased+in+1931+and+retained+till+the+late+1960s%29&rft.volume=3506&rft.pages=26-30&rft.date=1969-08-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/schuetz_hermann.htm">"Hermann Schütz"</a>. <i>lambiek.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lambiek.net&rft.atitle=Hermann+Sch%C3%BCtz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lambiek.net%2Fartists%2Fs%2Fschuetz_hermann.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.albany.edu/speccoll/findaids/ger077.htm">"Finding Aid for Erich Maria Remarque Papers, 1938–1973"</a>, Department of Special Collections and Archives, State University of New York-Albany. 2009; accessed 31 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schneider, Thomas (1991). <i>Erich Maria Remarque: Ein Chronist des 20. Jahrhunderts, Eine Biographie in Bildern und Dokumenten</i> (in German). Germany: Rasch Verlag Bramsche. pp. 94–95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erich+Maria+Remarque%3A+Ein+Chronist+des+20.+Jahrhunderts%2C+Eine+Biographie+in+Bildern+und+Dokumenten&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=94-95&rft.pub=Rasch+Verlag+Bramsche&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUllmann" class="citation web cs1">Ullmann, Michaela. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libguides.usc.edu/c.php?g=235057&p=1560049">"Research Guides: Exiled German-speaking intellectuals in Southern California: Erich Maria Remarque"</a>. <i>libguides.usc.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=libguides.usc.edu&rft.atitle=Research+Guides%3A+Exiled+German-speaking+intellectuals+in+Southern+California%3A+Erich+Maria+Remarque&rft.aulast=Ullmann&rft.aufirst=Michaela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibguides.usc.edu%2Fc.php%3Fg%3D235057%26p%3D1560049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924040838/http://www.osnabrueck-net.de/kulturnachrichten/151205a.html">"Elfriede Scholz Obituary"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a> Cultural Website. 15 December 2005. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elfriede+Scholz+Obituary&rft.pub=Osnabr%C3%BCck+Cultural+Website&rft.date=2005-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osnabrueck-net.de%2Fkulturnachrichten%2F151205a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Remarque, Erich Maria. <i>Vintage Remarque: All Quiet on the Western Front</i> (2003), pg. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SI_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSauer2015" class="citation web cs1">Sauer, Patrick (16 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/most-loved-and-hated-novel-about-world-war-I-180955540/">"The Most Loved and Hated Novel About World War I"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>. Smithsonian Institution<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Most+Loved+and+Hated+Novel+About+World+War+I&rft.date=2015-06-16&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fmost-loved-and-hated-novel-about-world-war-I-180955540%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0718871/">"Erich Maria Remarque"</a>. <i>IMDb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Erich+Maria+Remarque&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0718871%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiukkonen" class="citation web cs1">Liukkonen, Petri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801173035/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/remarque.htm">"Erich Maria Remarque"</a>. <i>Books and Writers</i>. Finland: <a href="/wiki/Kuusankoski" title="Kuusankoski">Kuusankoski</a> Public Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/remarque.htm">the original</a> on 1 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Books+and+Writers&rft.atitle=Erich+Maria+Remarque&rft.aulast=Liukkonen&rft.aufirst=Petri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirjasto.sci.fi%2Fremarque.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, Marvin J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/research/fales/exhibits/remarque/documents/bio6.html"><i>The life and writings of Erich Maria Remarque</i></a>, New York: Fales Library, New York University, 2011; accessed 29 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2001" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold (2001). "Chronology". <i>Modern Critical Interpretations: Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front</i>. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. p. 157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chronology&rft.btitle=Modern+Critical+Interpretations%3A+Erich+Maria+Remarque%27s+All+Quiet+on+the+Western+Front&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latinasdeayer.blogspot.mx/2012/04/latinos-en-hollywood-dolores-del-rio.html"><i>Latins in Hollywood: Dolores del Río</i></a>, latinasdeayer.blogspot.mx; accessed 24 August 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connolly, Kate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/apr/18/culturaltrips.germany">"Marlene and the wall"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 18 April 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuld,_WernerThomas_F._Schneider2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fuld, Werner; Thomas F. Schneider, eds. (2003). <i>Dass Du Mich Liebst: Erich Maria Remarque — Marlene Dietrich Zeugnisse einer Leidenschaft</i> [<i>Tell Me That You Love Me: Erich Maria Remarque-Marlene Dietrich. Evidence of a Passion</i>] (in German). Koln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dass+Du+Mich+Liebst%3A+Erich+Maria+Remarque+%E2%80%94+Marlene+Dietrich+Zeugnisse+einer+Leidenschaft&rft.place=Koln&rft.pub=Kiepenheuer+%26+Witsch&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusanne_Weingarten2001" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Susanne Weingarten (13 August 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/marlene-dietrich-und-remarque-madonna-meines-blutes-a-149892.html">"Marlene Dietrich und Remarque: "Madonna meines Blutes"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Marlene+Dietrich+und+Remarque%3A+%22Madonna+meines+Blutes%22&rft.date=2001-08-13&rft.au=Susanne+Weingarten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fkultur%2Fgesellschaft%2Fmarlene-dietrich-und-remarque-madonna-meines-blutes-a-149892.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/147946-Marlene-Dietrich-Is-Focus-of-Puma-a-NJ-Rep-World-Premiere-Starting-Feb-24">"Marlene Dietrich is Focus of Puma, a NJ Rep World Premiere Starting Feb. 24"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130224070227/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/147946-Marlene-Dietrich-Is-Focus-of-Puma-a-NJ-Rep-World-Premiere-Starting-Feb-24">Archived</a> 24 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Playbill.com, 24 February 2011; accessed 29 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1995" class="citation news cs1">James, Caryn (17 August 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/17/books/books-of-the-times-made-for-each-other-and-unfortunately-so.html">"BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Made for Each Other, and Unfortunately So"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=BOOKS+OF+THE+TIMES%3B+Made+for+Each+Other%2C+and+Unfortunately+So&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1995-08-17&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Caryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F08%2F17%2Fbooks%2Fbooks-of-the-times-made-for-each-other-and-unfortunately-so.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 56: German Fiction Writers, 1914–1945</i>. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by James Hardin, University of South Carolina. The Gale Group, 1987. pp. 222–241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/26/archives/erich-maria-remarque-is-dead-novels-recorded-agony-of-war-erich.html">"Erich Maria Remarque Is Dead; Novels Recorded Agony of War"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 26 September 1970.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Erich+Maria+Remarque+Is+Dead%3B+Novels+Recorded+Agony+of+War&rft.date=1970-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1970%2F09%2F26%2Farchives%2Ferich-maria-remarque-is-dead-novels-recorded-agony-of-war-erich.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorch, Donatella. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/18/nyregion/paulette-goddard-left-nyu-20-million.html">"Paulette Goddard Left N.Y.U. $20 Million"</a>, <i>New York Times</i>, 18 May 1990; accessed 29 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://remarque.as.nyu.edu/page/history">"About Us"</a>, Remarque Institute. New York University; accessed 29 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, Marvin J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/research/">fales/ exhibits/remarque/documents/intro.html "Introduction"</a>, <i>The life and writings of Erich Maria Remarque</i>. New York: Fales Library, New York University, 2011; accessed 29 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simard, Albert C.J., "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IJsIAQAAIAAJ&q=Simard">Nothing quiet...</a>" <i>Arch of Triumph</i>, by Erich Maria Remarque. <i><a href="/wiki/Free_World_(magazine)" title="Free World (magazine)">Free World</a></i>, March 1946, p. 72.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParvanová2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Parvanová, Mariana (2010). <i>"... das Symbol der Ewigkeit ist der Kreis". Eine Untersuchung der Motive in den Romanen von Erich Maria Remarque</i> (in German). München: GRIN-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-640-64739-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-640-64739-2"><bdi>978-3-640-64739-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22...+das+Symbol+der+Ewigkeit+ist+der+Kreis%22.+Eine+Untersuchung+der+Motive+in+den+Romanen+von+Erich+Maria+Remarque&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=GRIN-Verlag&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-640-64739-2&rft.aulast=Parvanov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Mariana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParvanová2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Parvanová, Mariana (2009). <i>E. M. Remarque in der kommunistischen Literaturkritik in der Sowjetunion und in Bulgarien</i> (in German). Remscheid: ReDiRoma Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86870-056-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86870-056-5"><bdi>978-3-86870-056-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E.+M.+Remarque+in+der+kommunistischen+Literaturkritik+in+der+Sowjetunion+und+in+Bulgarien&rft.place=Remscheid&rft.pub=ReDiRoma+Verlag&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-86870-056-5&rft.aulast=Parvanov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Mariana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErich+Maria+Remarque" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Maria_Remarque&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="https://nb-helveticat.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,%22Erich+Maria+Remarque%22&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=MyInstitution&vid=41SNL_51_INST:helveticat&lang=de&offset=0">Publications by and about Erich Maria Remarque</a> in the catalogue Helveticat of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Library" title="Swiss National Library">Swiss National Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006222434/http://remarque.chkebelski.de/index_e.html">Multilingual pages about Erich Maria Remarque</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9202">Erich Maria Remarque</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/research/fales/pdfs/remarquefa.pdf">German Language Guide to the Remarque papers at NYU's Fales Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Novels_by_Erich_Maria_Remarque" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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Maria Remarque"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Erich Maria Remarque"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Novels_by_Erich_Maria_Remarque" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Novels by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erich Maria Remarque</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Room" title="The Dream Room">The Dream Room</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gam_(novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gam (novel) (page does not exist)">Gam</a></i> (1924)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Station_at_the_Horizon" title="Station at the Horizon">Station at the Horizon</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front" title="All Quiet on the Western Front">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Back" title="The Road Back">The Road Back</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Comrades_(novel)" title="Three Comrades (novel)">Three Comrades</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flotsam_(novel)" title="Flotsam (novel)">Flotsam</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Triumph_(novel)" title="Arch of Triumph (novel)">Arch of Triumph</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spark_of_Life_(novel)" title="Spark of Life (novel)">The Spark of Life</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Time_to_Love_and_a_Time_to_Die" title="A Time to Love and a Time to Die">A Time to Love and a Time to Die</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Obelisk" title="The Black Obelisk">The Black Obelisk</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_Has_No_Favorites" title="Heaven Has No Favorites">Heaven Has No Favorites</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_in_Lisbon" title="The Night in Lisbon">The Night in Lisbon</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Promised_Land_(Remarque_novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Promised Land (Remarque novel) (page does not exist)">The Promised Land</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadows_in_Paradise_(novel)" title="Shadows in Paradise (novel)">Shadows in Paradise</a></i> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(1928)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front" title="Template:All Quiet on the Western Front"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front" title="Template talk:All Quiet on the Western Front"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front" title="Special:EditPage/Template:All Quiet on the Western Front"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(1928)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front" title="All Quiet on the Western Front">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></i> (1928)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erich Maria Remarque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wheen" title="Arthur Wheen">Arthur Wheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_O._Murdoch" title="Brian O. Murdoch">Brian O. Murdoch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Back" title="The Road Back">The Road Back</a></i> (1930)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(1930_film)" title="All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Back_(film)" title="The Road Back (film)">The Road Back</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(1979_film)" title="All Quiet on the Western Front (1979 film)">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(2022_film)" title="All Quiet on the Western Front (2022 film)">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(song)" title="All Quiet on the Western Front (song)">All Quiet on the Western Front</a>" (song)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front" title="Category:All Quiet on the Western Front">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German-language_literature" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_literature" title="Template:German literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_literature" title="Template talk:German literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German-language_literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/German_literature" title="German literature">German-language literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">History of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liechtenstein" title="History of Liechtenstein">History of Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_High_German_literature" title="Old High German literature">Old High German literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German_literature" title="Middle High German literature">Middle High German literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_New_High_German_literature" title="Early New High German literature">Early New High German literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Classicism" title="Weimar Classicism">Weimar Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">Literary realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_culture" title="Weimar culture">Weimar culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exilliteratur" title="Exilliteratur">Exilliteratur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_literature" title="Austrian literature">Austrian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Swiss literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_studies" title="German studies">German studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_writers" title="Category:Austrian writers">Austrian writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_writers" title="Category:German writers">German writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liechtenstein_writers" title="Category:Liechtenstein writers">Liechtenstein writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_writers_in_German" title="Category:Swiss writers in German">Swiss writers in German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Category:Translators of William Shakespeare">Category:Translators of William Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reformation_literature" title="Template:Reformation literature">Reformation era literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">Minnesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_courtly_romance" title="German courtly romance">Courtly romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_von_K%C3%BCrenberg" title="Der von Kürenberg">Der von Kürenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietmar_von_Aist" title="Dietmar von Aist">Dietmar von Aist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinmar_von_Hagenau" title="Reinmar von Hagenau">Reinmar von Hagenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartmann_von_Aue" title="Hartmann von Aue">Hartmann von Aue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_von_der_Vogelweide" title="Walther von der Vogelweide">Walther von der Vogelweide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_von_Eschenbach" title="Wolfram von Eschenbach">Wolfram von Eschenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Johansdorf" title="Albrecht von Johansdorf">Albrecht von Johansdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Morungen" title="Heinrich von Morungen">Heinrich von Morungen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_von_Strassburg" title="Gottfried von Strassburg">Gottfried von Strassburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Bern" title="Dietrich von Bern">Dietrich von Bern</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nibelungenlied" title="Nibelungenlied">Nibelungenlied</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Dach" title="Simon Dach">Simon Dach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fleming_(poet)" title="Paul Fleming (poet)">Paul Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Folz" title="Hans Folz">Hans Folz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Jakob_Christoffel_von_Grimmelshausen" title="Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen">Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius">Andreas Gryphius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Hoffmann_von_Hoffmannswaldau" title="Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau">Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Moscherosch" title="Johann Michael Moscherosch">Johann Michael Moscherosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Opitz" title="Martin Opitz">Martin Opitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Sachs" title="Hans Sachs">Hans Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelus_Silesius" title="Angelus Silesius">Angelus Silesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ulrich,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick">Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wickram" title="Georg Wickram">Georg Wickram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barthold_Heinrich_Brockes" title="Barthold Heinrich Brockes">Barthold Heinrich Brockes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_F%C3%BCrchtegott_Gellert" title="Christian Fürchtegott Gellert">Christian Gellert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Gottsched" title="Johann Christoph Gottsched">Johann Christoph Gottsched</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_G%C3%BCnther" title="Johann Christian Günther">Johann Christian Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Friedrich Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gottlieb_Klopstock" title="Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock">Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Michael_Reinhold_Lenz" title="Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz">Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Gotthold Ephraim Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a> (Friedrich von Hardenberg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul" title="Jean Paul">Jean Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Schnabel" title="Johann Gottfried Schnabel">Johann Gottfried Schnabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Martin_Wieland" title="Christoph Martin Wieland">Christoph Martin Wieland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">Bettina von Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">Achim von Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Clemens Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Georg Büchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelbert_von_Chamisso" title="Adelbert von Chamisso">Adelbert von Chamisso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_von_Droste-H%C3%BClshoff" title="Annette von Droste-Hülshoff">Annette von Droste-Hülshoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_von_Ebner-Eschenbach" title="Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach">Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff">Joseph von Eichendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fontane" title="Theodor Fontane">Theodor Fontane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Freytag" title="Gustav Freytag">Gustav Freytag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_Gotthelf" title="Jeremias Gotthelf">Jeremias Gotthelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Grillparzer" title="Franz Grillparzer">Franz Grillparzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Jacob Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Grimm" title="Wilhelm Grimm">Wilhelm Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Hebbel" title="Christian Friedrich Hebbel">Christian Friedrich Hebbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Hebel" title="Johann Peter Hebel">Johann Peter Hebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heinrich Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Herwegh" title="Georg Herwegh">Georg Herwegh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Friedrich Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Keller" title="Gottfried Keller">Gottfried Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Heinrich von Kleist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau" title="Nikolaus Lenau">Nikolaus Lenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_May" title="Karl May">Karl May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Ferdinand_Meyer" title="Conrad Ferdinand Meyer">Conrad Ferdinand Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%B6rike" title="Eduard Mörike">Eduard Mörike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nestroy" title="Johann Nestroy">Johann Nestroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Raabe" title="Wilhelm Raabe">Wilhelm Raabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_Stifter" title="Adalbert Stifter">Adalbert Stifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Storm" title="Theodor Storm">Theodor Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Ludwig Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Ludwig Uhland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_Ayim" title="May Ayim">May Ayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_Bachmann" title="Ingeborg Bachmann">Ingeborg Bachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bahr" title="Hermann Bahr">Hermann Bahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicki_Baum" title="Vicki Baum">Vicki Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_R._Becher" title="Johannes R. Becher">Johannes R. Becher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Benn" title="Gottfried Benn">Gottfried Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bernhard" title="Thomas Bernhard">Thomas Bernhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brasch" title="Thomas Brasch">Thomas Brasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volker_Braun" title="Volker Braun">Volker Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Dieter_Brinkmann" title="Rolf Dieter Brinkmann">Rolf Dieter Brinkmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Hermann Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnolt_Bronnen" title="Arnolt Bronnen">Arnolt Bronnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Burger" title="Hermann Burger">Hermann Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Celan" title="Paul Celan">Paul Celan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Alfred Döblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimito_von_Doderer" title="Heimito von Doderer">Heimito von Doderer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Feuchtwanger" title="Lion Feuchtwanger">Lion Feuchtwanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marieluise_Flei%C3%9Fer" title="Marieluise Fleißer">Marieluise Fleißer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fried" title="Erich Fried">Erich Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Frisch" title="Max Frisch">Max Frisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">Stefan George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlen_Haushofer" title="Marlen Haushofer">Marlen Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Heym" title="Georg Heym">Georg Heym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Hilbig" title="Wolfgang Hilbig">Wolfgang Hilbig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthal" title="Hugo von Hofmannsthal">Hugo von Hofmannsthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96d%C3%B6n_von_Horv%C3%A1th" title="Ödön von Horváth">Ödön von Horváth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricarda_Huch" title="Ricarda Huch">Ricarda Huch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Huchel" title="Peter Huchel">Peter Huchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Jandl" title="Ernst Jandl">Ernst Jandl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_Johnson" title="Uwe Johnson">Uwe Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Ernst Jünger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_K%C3%A4stner" title="Erich Kästner">Erich Kästner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kesten" title="Hermann Kesten">Hermann Kesten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmgard_Keun" title="Irmgard Keun">Irmgard Keun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Kirsch" title="Sarah Kirsch">Sarah Kirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Kisch" title="Egon Kisch">Egon Erwin Kisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Kracauer" title="Siegfried Kracauer">Siegfried Kracauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer)" title="Karl Kraus (writer)">Karl Kraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Else_Lasker-Sch%C3%BCler" title="Else Lasker-Schüler">Else Lasker-Schüler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_Lasswitz" title="Kurd Lasswitz">Kurd Laßwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gert_Ledig" title="Gert Ledig">Gert Ledig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Lenz" title="Siegfried Lenz">Siegfried Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Mann" title="Heinrich Mann">Heinrich Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Mann" title="Klaus Mann">Klaus Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friederike_Mayr%C3%B6cker" title="Friederike Mayröcker">Friederike Mayröcker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Morgenstern" title="Christian Morgenstern">Christian Morgenstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_M%C3%BChsam" title="Erich Mühsam">Erich Mühsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiner_M%C3%BCller" title="Heiner Müller">Heiner Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Muschg" title="Adolf Muschg">Adolf Muschg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Robert Musil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erich Maria Remarque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rainer Maria Rilke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Roth" title="Joseph Roth">Joseph Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Salomon" title="Ernst von Salomon">Ernst von Salomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scheerbart" title="Paul Scheerbart">Paul Scheerbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schnitzler" title="Arthur Schnitzler">Arthur Schnitzler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helga_Schubert" title="Helga Schubert">Helga Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._G._Sebald" title="W. G. Sebald">W. G. Sebald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Seghers" title="Anna Seghers">Anna Seghers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berta_von_Suttner" class="mw-redirect" title="Berta von Suttner">Berta von Suttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Ernst Toller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Trakl" title="Georg Trakl">Georg Trakl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Tucholsky" title="Kurt Tucholsky">Kurt Tucholsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walser" title="Robert Walser">Robert Walser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Weinheber" title="Josef Weinheber">Josef Weinheber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Weiss" title="Peter Weiss">Peter Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Werfel" title="Franz Werfel">Franz Werfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_Wolf" title="Christa Wolf">Christa Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Angst" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz Angst">Fritz Zorn (Fritz Angst)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Zweig" title="Stefan Zweig">Stefan Zweig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary<br />writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zsuzsa_B%C3%A1nk" title="Zsuzsa Bánk">Zsuzsa Bánk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brussig" title="Thomas Brussig">Thomas Brussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Erpenbeck" title="Jenny Erpenbeck">Jenny Erpenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainald_Goetz" title="Rainald Goetz">Rainald Goetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durs_Gr%C3%BCnbein" title="Durs Grünbein">Durs Grünbein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Hermann" title="Judith Hermann">Judith Hermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Jirgl" title="Reinhard Jirgl">Reinhard Jirgl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wladimir_Kaminer" title="Wladimir Kaminer">Wladimir Kaminer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kehlmann" title="Daniel Kehlmann">Daniel Kehlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Kinsky" title="Esther Kinsky">Esther Kinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kluge" title="Alexander Kluge">Alexander Kluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_K%C3%B6hler" title="Barbara Köhler">Barbara Köhler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Kracht" title="Christian Kracht">Christian Kracht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monika_Maron" title="Monika Maron">Monika Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Meyer" title="Clemens Meyer">Clemens Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%A9zia_Mora" title="Terézia Mora">Terézia Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Dodua_Otoo" title="Sharon Dodua Otoo">Sharon Dodua Otoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emine_Sevgi_%C3%96zdamar" title="Emine Sevgi Özdamar">Emine Sevgi Özdamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Pr%C3%A4auer" title="Teresa Präauer">Teresa Präauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julya_Rabinowich" title="Julya Rabinowich">Julya Rabinowich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafik_Schami" title="Rafik Schami">Rafik Schami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingo_Schulze" title="Ingo Schulze">Ingo Schulze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Seiler" title="Lutz Seiler">Lutz Seiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_J._Setz" title="Clemens J. Setz">Clemens J. Setz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botho_Strauss" title="Botho Strauss">Botho Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Tawada" title="Yoko Tawada">Yoko Tawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_Timm" title="Uwe Timm">Uwe Timm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilija_Trojanow" title="Ilija Trojanow">Ilija Trojanow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Wagner_(poet)" title="Jan Wagner (poet)">Jan Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Walser" title="Martin Walser">Martin Walser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wawerzinek" title="Peter Wawerzinek">Peter Wawerzinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Wondratschek" title="Wolf Wondratschek">Wolf Wondratschek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feridun_Zaimo%C4%9Flu" title="Feridun Zaimoğlu">Feridun Zaimoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli_Zeh" title="Juli Zeh">Juli Zeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German-language<br />Nobel laureates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Christoph Eucken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German-language<br />literary awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_German-Language_Literature" title="Festival of German-Language Literature">Ingeborg Bachmann Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Georg Büchner Prize">Georg Büchner Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud_Prize" title="Sigmund Freud Prize">Sigmund Freud Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelbert_von_Chamisso_Prize" title="Adelbert von Chamisso Prize">Adelbert von Chamisso Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fallada_Prize" title="Hans Fallada Prize">Hans Fallada Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goethe_Prize" title="Goethe Prize">Goethe Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine_Prize" title="Heinrich Heine Prize">Heinrich Heine Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleist_Prize" title="Kleist Prize">Kleist Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Book_Fair_Prize" title="Leipzig Book Fair Prize">Leipzig Book Fair Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs_Prize" title="Nelly Sachs Prize">Nelly Sachs Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47293#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47293#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47293#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122807217">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61551298">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/145737/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbWttG3XGmCQgjp9TvvHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118599631">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84223789">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119214536">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119214536">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00453966">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Remarque, Erich Maria"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV007339">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35447796">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19981002079&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000080434&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX922827">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/56668">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068956401">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90053400">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000019257&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000059807&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=62084">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199622782">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm130ff71z82csc">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810624624105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/251776">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007267041305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000137906">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517585306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14326023">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00829585?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/dc1d5fc6-edce-478f-99a1-fd89f6012556">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/461400">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/5fb3c8f7-545e-4a75-b9db-12088212428d">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/956235">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118599631.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118599631">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027093751">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64170nk">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/41023179">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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