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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cancelled electric railway project</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style=";"><i>InterCity 250</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IC250_Cl93_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/IC250_Cl93_2.jpg/300px-IC250_Cl93_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/IC250_Cl93_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="253" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Artist's impression of a <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_93_(InterCity_250)" title="British Rail Class 93 (InterCity 250)">Class 93</a> locomotive</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Type and origin</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Power type</th><td class="infobox-data">Electric</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Build date</th><td class="infobox-data">1992—1995 (Proposed but never built)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><span class="nowrap">Total produced</span></th><td class="infobox-data">30 nine-carriage units (planned)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Configuration:<br /></th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"> • <a href="/wiki/UIC_classification_of_locomotive_axle_arrangements" title="UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements">UIC</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bo′Bo′+2′2′+...+2′2′+2′2′</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Performance figures</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Maximum speed</th><td class="infobox-data">155 mph (250 km/h) (Design)<br />125 mph (200 km/h) (Initial Service)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Power output</th><td class="infobox-data">7,400 hp (5.5 MW)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Operators</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/InterCity_(British_Rail)" title="InterCity (British Rail)">British Rail</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Disposition</th><td class="infobox-data">Project cancelled in July 1992</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>InterCity 250</b> was an electric railway project undertaken by British Rail in the late 1980s. The InterCity 250 train would have consisted of a <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_93_(InterCity_250)" title="British Rail Class 93 (InterCity 250)">Class 93</a> electric locomotive, nine <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Mark_5_(InterCity_250)" title="British Rail Mark 5 (InterCity 250)">Mark 5</a> coaches and a Mark 5 <a href="/wiki/Driving_Van_Trailer" title="Driving Van Trailer">Driving Van Trailer</a> operating in a push-pull formation. The British Rail project was cancelled in July 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-VWC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VWC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InterCity_250&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985, work began to fully electrify the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a> (ECML). This project, which saw the line fitted with <a href="/wiki/Railway_electrification_in_Great_Britain" title="Railway electrification in Great Britain">overhead wires</a> between <a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">London King's Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Waverley_railway_station" title="Edinburgh Waverley railway station">Edinburgh Waverley</a>, took five years to complete. At the same time, a new generation of rolling stock was introduced, with the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_91" title="British Rail Class 91">Class 91</a> electric locomotives combined with the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Mark_4" title="British Rail Mark 4">Mark 4</a> coaching stock to form <a href="/wiki/InterCity_225" title="InterCity 225">InterCity 225</a> sets – so called because the Class 91 locomotives had a top speed of 225 km/h (140 mph). </p><p>Upon the completion of the ECML project, British Rail turned to the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> (WCML). This had been electrified in several stages over a fifteen-year period between 1959 and 1974. However, unlike the ECML the extensive curvature of the track along the route meant that it was ill-suited to running <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed trains</a> (generally defined in Britain as trains capable of 125 miles per hour or 200 kilometres per hour or more), and so its services were limited to more modest speeds of 100 to 110 miles per hour (160 to 175 km/h). In order to achieve the same standards as the ECML, major upgrades of the track, signalling and overhead lines, as well as a new generation of rolling stock, were required. </p><p>During the late 1970s, British Rail had planned to address the WCML limitations with the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Passenger_Train" title="Advanced Passenger Train">Advanced Passenger Train</a> project; this circumvented any requirement to make significant infrastructure changes by using <a href="/wiki/Tilting_train" title="Tilting train">tilting train</a> technology. The project reached the prototype stage, with the introduction of three <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_370" title="British Rail Class 370">Class 370</a> <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_units" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric multiple units">electric multiple units</a> into passenger service in 1981. However, initial failures of the tilt technology led to them being withdrawn. They were then used from 1984 to 1986 as test trains for researching the technologies and specifications required for what would become the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_91" title="British Rail Class 91">Class 91</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Project_scope">Project scope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InterCity_250&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Project scope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IC225_-_Midland_Railway_Centre_(12407894865).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/IC225_-_Midland_Railway_Centre_%2812407894865%29.jpg/220px-IC225_-_Midland_Railway_Centre_%2812407894865%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/IC225_-_Midland_Railway_Centre_%2812407894865%29.jpg/330px-IC225_-_Midland_Railway_Centre_%2812407894865%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/IC225_-_Midland_Railway_Centre_%2812407894865%29.jpg/440px-IC225_-_Midland_Railway_Centre_%2812407894865%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_93_(InterCity_250)" title="British Rail Class 93 (InterCity 250)">Class 93</a> cab mockup</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:InterCity_Mk5_Coach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/InterCity_Mk5_Coach.jpg/220px-InterCity_Mk5_Coach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/InterCity_Mk5_Coach.jpg/330px-InterCity_Mk5_Coach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/InterCity_Mk5_Coach.jpg/440px-InterCity_Mk5_Coach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Model of <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Mark_5_(InterCity_250)" title="British Rail Mark 5 (InterCity 250)">Mark 5</a> coach</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1990, after several years of internal evaluation and development of business and technical specifications, British Rail announced the InterCity 250 project. This would address the problems on the WCML through the delivery of new rolling stock and enhanced infrastructure required to operate them. The proposal came at a time when journey time improvements on the West Coast Main Line were needed to increase revenue and improve InterCity's profitability. However the West Coast Main Line infrastructure at the time was incapable of supporting operation of 155 miles per hour (250 km/h) trains in normal service and in need of widespread renewal, therefore a number of factors would be required to deliver this: </p> <ul><li>Route re-alignment (including the possibility of bypassing highly curved sections of line at the southern end of the WCML - such as the curves at <a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted" title="Berkhamsted">Berkhamsted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolverton" title="Wolverton">Wolverton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weedon,_Buckinghamshire" title="Weedon, Buckinghamshire">Weedon</a> - by using the trackbed of the former <a href="/wiki/Great_Central_Railway" title="Great Central Railway">Great Central Railway</a> between <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire" title="Rugby, Warwickshire">Rugby</a> which was later rejected, and diversion of the Up & Down Fast Lines through <a href="/wiki/Wolverton_railway_station" title="Wolverton railway station">Wolverton station</a> via a line adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Wolverton_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverton Works">Wolverton Works</a> on the former alignment of the <a href="/wiki/London_%26_North_Western_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="London & North Western Railway">London & North Western Railway</a>).</li> <li>Increase of the maximum <a href="/wiki/Cant_(road/rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cant (road/rail)">cant</a> on curves from six to eight degrees (150 mm to 200 mm) following research into seated passenger comfort on the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Main_Line" title="Midland Main Line">Midland Main Line</a> during the 1980s.</li> <li>Improved track quality and potential active suspension fitted to the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Mark_5_(InterCity_250)" title="British Rail Mark 5 (InterCity 250)">Mark 5</a> coaches to improve passenger comfort, and reduce track wear, by lowering vertical "P2" forces when exceeding 125 mph (200 km/h).</li> <li>Resignalling of the West Coast Main Line between <a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">London Euston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crewe_railway_station" title="Crewe railway station">Crewe</a> incorporating <a href="/wiki/Automatic_train_protection" title="Automatic train protection">Automatic Train Protection</a> (ATP) - then under development by British Rail - to deliver operating speeds in excess of 125 mph (200 km/h).</li> <li>Modifications or construction of new tunnel shafts where these posed an aerodynamic limit on speeds</li> <li>An enhanced traction power supply system with extensive modifications to the existing Mk1 & Mk3A OLE, operating on a 25-0-25 kV (50 kV) Auto-Transformer Feeder System (ATFS).</li> <li>30 new non-tilting train sets capable of up to 155 mph (250 km/h) (certain sources quote 160 mph or 255 km/h<sup id="cite_ref-InterCity_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InterCity-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).</li></ul> <p>Concept models for the Class 93 locomotives for the InterCity 250 were styled by Seymour Powell<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and invitations to build the rolling stock were called for with <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">GEC-Alsthom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Transportation" title="Bombardier Transportation">Bombardier</a>, Prorail, and an <a href="/wiki/ABB_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="ABB Group">ABB</a>/<a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Engineering_Limited" title="British Rail Engineering Limited">British Rail Engineering Limited</a> joint venture responding.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was planned the InterCity 250 trains would have commenced operating at 125 miles per hour (200 km/h) around 1995, with incremental increases up to the maximum speed by the end of the 1990s following the implementation of in-cab signalling.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ECML high speed test site between Stoke Tunnel and New England North, used in the trial runs of the InterCity 225, was likely to have been used in the development and testing of a prototype InterCity 250 set.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993 it was suggested that the InterCity 250 could provide a suitable specification for future replacement rolling stock on both the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Main_Line" title="Great Western Main Line">Great Western</a> and East Coast Main Lines.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In total the project was valued at around £750 million, with each InterCity 250 set estimated to cost £10 million (1992 prices).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cancellation">Cancellation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InterCity_250&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cancellation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the impact of the 1990s recession rolling stock orders placed by other sectors of British Rail led to a shortage of funding which saw many projects suspended or scrapped. Together with the impending privatisation of British Rail this led to the InterCity 250 project being abandoned in July 1992. </p><p>A later proposal in 1993 for the procurement of a follow-on set of ten <a href="/wiki/InterCity_225" title="InterCity 225">InterCity 225</a> units for priority express operations on the WCML was not pursued on the basis that it was unable to deliver a commercially viable return on investment<sup id="cite_ref-InterCity_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InterCity-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and exposed the suppliers (GEC Transportation) to excessive financial risk. Existing operations by <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_86" title="British Rail Class 86">Class 86</a>/<a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_87" title="British Rail Class 87">87</a>/<a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_90" title="British Rail Class 90">90</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Mark_2" title="British Rail Mark 2">Mark 2</a>/<a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Mark_3" title="British Rail Mark 3">3</a> stock would have been cascaded onto non-express services and branded "InterCity 175". The bid by BR was also hampered by a lack of available manufacturers, as <a href="/wiki/Metro-Cammell" title="Metro-Cammell">Metro-Cammell</a> and BREL were by that time heavily committed to production of the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_365" title="British Rail Class 365">Class 365</a>/<a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_465" title="British Rail Class 465">465</a>/<a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_466" title="British Rail Class 466">466</a> units for <a href="/wiki/Network_SouthEast" title="Network SouthEast">Network SouthEast</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rolling_stock">Rolling stock</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InterCity_250&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rolling stock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_93_(InterCity_250)" title="British Rail Class 93 (InterCity 250)">British Rail Class 93 (InterCity 250)</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Mark_5_(InterCity_250)" title="British Rail Mark 5 (InterCity 250)">British Rail Mark 5 (InterCity 250)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InterCity_250&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG/220px-390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG/330px-390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG/440px-390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The modernised West Coast Main Line now uses ‘Pendolino’ stock</figcaption></figure> <p>Although InterCity 250 was cancelled, the improvements to the WCML were still required and were campaigned for by the West Coast Rail 250 pressure group. Following the <a href="/wiki/Privatisation_of_British_Rail" title="Privatisation of British Rail">privatisation of British Rail</a> in 1994, the newly formed rail infrastructure company <a href="/wiki/Railtrack" title="Railtrack">Railtrack</a> drew up plans for track and signalling upgrades to allow for high-speed running, which it budgeted at £2 billion. The predicted journey times for upgraded speeds of 125 and 140 mph (200 and 225 km/h) over the existing 110 mph (175 km/h) maximum linespeed were based upon the calculated InterCity 250 performance over the WCML supplied by British Rail (Derby).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first phase of the upgrade, between <a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">London Euston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Piccadilly_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Piccadilly railway station">Manchester</a> was completed in 2004; however, work at several sites including <a href="/wiki/Rugby_railway_station" title="Rugby railway station">Rugby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Central_railway_station" title="Milton Keynes Central railway station">Milton Keynes</a> stations, the <a href="/wiki/Trent_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Trent Valley">Trent Valley</a> and the remainder of the route to <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_railway_station" title="Glasgow Central railway station">Glasgow</a> continued until December 2008. <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains" title="Virgin Trains">Virgin Trains</a> ordered 53 <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_390" title="British Rail Class 390">Class 390 <i>Pendolino</i></a> electric multiple units. These are seen as the successor to the original APT concept, in that they utilise tilting technology to successfully negotiate the route of the WCML at high speed. Though infrastructure limitations presently limit them to 125 mph (201 km/h), the trains are capable of speeds up to 140 mph (225 km/h). </p><p>A full-size mock-up of the front end and cab of a <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_93_(InterCity_250)" title="British Rail Class 93 (InterCity 250)">Class 93</a> power car was made and displayed at the Eurailspeed 92 exhibition in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now at the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Railway_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Midland Railway Centre">Midland Railway Centre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InterCity_250&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-VWC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VWC_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071008111114/http://www.virgintrainsmediaroom.com/index.cfm?articleid=93">"Facts and Figures - West Coast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains" title="Virgin Trains">Virgin Trains</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virgintrainsmediaroom.com/index.cfm?articleid=93">the original</a> on 8 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facts+and+Figures+-+West+Coast&rft.pub=Virgin+Trains&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virgintrainsmediaroom.com%2Findex.cfm%3Farticleid%3D93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterCity+250" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InterCity-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-InterCity_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-InterCity_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"InterCity Story 1964-2012", C Green and M Vincent, Oxford Publishing Company, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0860936527" title="Special:BookSources/978-0860936527">978-0860936527</a>, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Designers Journal, Number 67, May 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fast Forward as InterCity 250 trains go out to tender <i><a href="/wiki/The_Railway_Magazine" title="The Railway Magazine">The Railway Magazine</a></i> issue 1081 May 1991 page 3e5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bids received for IC250 <i>The Railway Magazine</i> issue 1087 November 1991 page 819</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"British Rail 1974-1997 - From Integration to Privatisation", T R Gourvish and M Anson, Oxford University Press, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRB_ECMLCompletion1992.pdf">"Electrification of the East Coast Main Line - Project Completion Certificate"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. British Rail<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electrification+of+the+East+Coast+Main+Line+-+Project+Completion+Certificate&rft.pub=British+Rail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaysarchive.co.uk%2Fdocuments%2FBRB_ECMLCompletion1992.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterCity+250" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Mk 4 and Mk 5 coaches for British Rail Intercity Part 2 : testing, commissioning and service experience with the Mk 4 coach and development of the Mk 5 specification", J A Higton and D R Temple, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, Volume 206, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Modern Railway Transportation", J Ellis and C Green, Institution of Civil Engineers, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199495/cmhansrd/1995-05-17/Debate-8.html">"House of Commons Hansard Debates for 17 May 1995"</a>. Hansard<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Commons+Hansard+Debates+for+17+May+1995&rft.pub=Hansard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm199495%2Fcmhansrd%2F1995-05-17%2FDebate-8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterCity+250" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Passenger Transport After 2000 AD", G B R Feilden, A H Wickens and I R Yates, The Royal Society, E & F N Spon, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-419-19470-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-419-19470-3">0-419-19470-3</a>, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"West Coast Main Line Modernisation - Feasibility Study Report", WCML Development Company Ltd, 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IC250 Cab on Show <i>The Railway Magazine</i> issue 1095 July 1992 page 75</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InterCity_250&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRB_Future001.pdf">Details of BR's proposed WCML IC250 timings</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-31G3GKT9FAC&pg=PA118&dq=Ellis+Green+intercity#PPA120,M1">"Modern Railway Transportation", J Ellis and C Green, Institution of Civil Engineers, 1993.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbworld.co.uk/index.php?doc=165">Parsons Brinckerhoff's support to Bombardier Prorail in the development of the Class 93 locomotives.</a> [Dead Link]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199293/cmhansrd/1992-10-29/Debate-6.html">GEC's bid for Intercity 250 Rolling Stock.</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=InterCity_250&oldid=1190423781">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=InterCity_250&oldid=1190423781</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Proposed_British_rail_vehicles" title="Category:Proposed British rail vehicles">Proposed British rail vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abandoned_rail_transport_projects_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Abandoned rail transport projects in the United Kingdom">Abandoned rail transport projects in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2018">Use dmy dates from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_January_2018" title="Category:Use British English from January 2018">Use British English from January 2018</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 December 2023, at 20:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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