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href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="പദ്ധതി താളിനെക്കുറിച്ച്, താങ്കൾക്കെന്തൊക്കെ ചെയ്യാം, കാര്യങ്ങൾ എവിടെനിന്ന് കണ്ടെത്താം"><span>സാമൂഹികകവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-portal-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82"><span>കവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-panchayat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>അധിക വായനയ്ക്ക്</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അധിക_വായനയ്ക്ക്-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>പുറം കണ്ണികൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ألفرد راسل والاس – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفرد راسل والاس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ألفريد راسل والاس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ألفريد راسل والاس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="الفرد راسل والاس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفرد راسل والاس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آلفرد راسل والاس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلفرد راسل والاس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ബാലിനീസ്" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ബാലിനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russell_Wallace" title="Alfred Russell Wallace – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alfred Russell Wallace" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Альфрэд Расэл Уолес – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альфрэд Расэл Уолес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81" title="Алфред Ръсел Уолъс – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алфред Ръсел Уолъс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="আলফ্রেড রাসেল ওয়ালেস – ബംഗ്ലാ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলফ্রেড রাসেল ওয়ালেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ബംഗ്ലാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%AF_%DA%95%DB%95%D8%B3%DA%B5_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%B3" title="ئەلفرێد ڕەسڵ واڵس – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلفرێد ڕەسڵ واڵس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – വെൽഷ്" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="വെൽഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A1%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BB_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άλφρεντ Ράσελ Γουάλας – ഗ്രീക്ക്" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλφρεντ Ράσελ Γουάλας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ഗ്രീക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ബാസ്‌ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്‌ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آلفرد راسل والاس – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلفرد راسل والاس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഫിന്നിഷ്" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ഫിന്നിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – പശ്ചിമ ഫ്രിഷിയൻ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="പശ്ചിമ ഫ്രിഷിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഐറിഷ്" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ഐറിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഗൈലിക്" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഗൈലിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഗലീഷ്യൻ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ഗലീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1" title="אלפרד ראסל וולאס – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפרד ראסל וולאס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="अल्फ्रेड रसेल वॉलेस – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल्फ्रेड रसेल वॉलेस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഹംഗേറിയൻ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ഹംഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D6%86%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4_%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Ալֆրեդ Ռասել Ուոլես – അർമേനിയൻ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալֆրեդ Ռասել Ուոլես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="അർമേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഇഡോ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ഇഡോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9" title="アルフレッド・ラッセル・ウォレス – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルフレッド・ラッセル・ウォレス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ജാവനീസ്" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ജാവനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ალფრედ რასელ უოლესი – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალფრედ რასელ უოლესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Альфред Рассел Уоллес – കസാഖ്" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альфред Рассел Уоллес" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="കസാഖ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A8%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C_%EB%9F%AC%EC%85%80_%EC%9B%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="앨프리드 러셀 월리스 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앨프리드 러셀 월리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – കുർദ്ദിഷ്" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="കുർദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredus_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfredus Russel Wallace – ലാറ്റിൻ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alfredus Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfr%C4%93ds_Rasels_Volless" title="Alfrēds Rasels Volless – ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alfrēds Rasels Volless" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – മലഗാസി" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="മലഗാസി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Алфред Расел Волес – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алфред Расел Волес" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्फ्रेड रसेल वॉलेस – മറാത്തി" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आल्फ्रेड रसेल वॉलेस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="മറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – മലെയ്" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="മലെയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – മാൾട്ടീസ്" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="മാൾട്ടീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آلفرد راسل والاس – മസന്ററാനി" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلفرد راسل والاس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="മസന്ററാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="अलफ्रेड रसेल वालेस – നേപ്പാളി" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अलफ्रेड रसेल वालेस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="നേപ്പാളി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – പാംപൻഗ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="പാംപൻഗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%89_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="الفريډ رسل واليس – പഷ്‌തോ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الفريډ رسل واليس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="പഷ്‌തോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Уоллес, Альфред Рассел – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уоллес, Альфред Рассел" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇල්ෆ්‍රඩ් රසල් වොලස් – സിംഹള" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇල්ෆ්‍රඩ් රසල් වොලස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="സിംഹള" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – സ്ലോവാക്" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവാക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Алфред Расел Валас – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алфред Расел Валас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – സുണ്ടാനീസ്" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="സുണ്ടാനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="ஆல்பிரடு அரசல் வாலேசு – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆல்பிரடு அரசல் வாலேசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8B" title="อัลเฟรด รัสเซล วอลเลซ – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัลเฟรด รัสเซล วอลเลซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – തഗാലോഗ്" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="തഗാലോഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Альфред Рассел Воллес – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альфред Рассел Воллес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – വാരേയ്" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="വാരേയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E8%8E%B1%E5%A3%AB" title="阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士 – വു ചൈനീസ്" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="വു ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ალფრედ რასელ უოლესი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალფრედ რასელ უოლესი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E8%8E%B1%E5%A3%AB" title="阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace – മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alfred Russel Wallace" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%A0%E8%8F%AF%E8%90%8A%E5%A3%AB" title="亞佛羅素華萊士 – കാന്റണീസ്" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亞佛羅素華萊士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="കാന്റണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160627#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="നാമമേഖലകൾ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" 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href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഈ താളിലേക്കു കണ്ണിയാൽ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന എല്ലാ വിക്കി താളുകളുടേയും പട്ടിക. 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എന്ന താളിൽ നിന്നും തിരിച്ചുവിട്ടതു പ്രകാരം)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"> <div id="purl" class="NavFrame collapsed" style="float: right; font-size: 85%; position: absolute; top: -4em; right: 0; width: auto; background: #eae9e9;"> <div class="NavHead" style="padding: 1px 8px;"><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Prettyurl#ഉപയോഗക്രമം" title="സഹായം"><img alt="സഹായം" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">ആൽഫ്രഡ് റസ്സൽ വാലസ്</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:PSM_V11_D140_Alfred_Russel_Wallace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/PSM_V11_D140_Alfred_Russel_Wallace.jpg/220px-PSM_V11_D140_Alfred_Russel_Wallace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/PSM_V11_D140_Alfred_Russel_Wallace.jpg/330px-PSM_V11_D140_Alfred_Russel_Wallace.jpg 1.5x, 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class="deathplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadstone,_Dorset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadstone, Dorset (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Broadstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorset" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, United Kingdom</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">പൗരത്വം</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്</th><td class="infobox-data">His co-discovery of <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a> and his work on <a href="/wiki/Biogeography" class="mw-redirect" title="Biogeography">biogeography</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ</th><td class="infobox-data">Royal Society's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Medal (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Royal Medal</a> (1868) and <a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> (1908), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Merit_(Commonwealth)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of Merit (Commonwealth) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Order of Merit</a> (1908)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4128903"><b>ശാസ്ത്രീയ ജീവിതം</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">പ്രവർത്തനതലം</th><td class="infobox-data category">Exploration, <a href="/wiki/Biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Biology">biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biogeography" class="mw-redirect" title="Biogeography">biogeography</a>, social reform, and <a href="/wiki/Botany" class="mw-redirect" title="Botany">botany</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ഒരു ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ജീവശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞനായിരുന്നു <b>ആൾഫ്രഡ് റസ്സൽ വാലസ് (Alfred Russel Wallace)</b>. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രകൃതി നിർദ്ധാരണം">പ്രകൃതിനിർദ്ധാരണം</a> വഴിയുള്ള <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="ജീവപരിണാമം">ജീവപരിണാമം</a> എന്ന കണ്ടെത്തൽ ലോകത്തിന് മുന്നിൽ അവതരിപ്പിച്ചത് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ചാൾസ് ഡാർവിൻ">ചാൾസ് ഡാർവിനും</a> ആൾഫ്രഡ് റസ്സൽ വാലസും ചേർന്നായിരുന്നു. രണ്ടുപേരും വെവ്വേറെ നിലകളിൽ കണ്ടെത്തിയതായിരുന്നു അത്. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of evolution">പരിണാമസിദ്ധാന്തത്തിന്റെ</a> വികാസത്തിന് അദ്ദേഹം ധാരാളം സംഭാവന നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്, അതിൽ മൃഗങ്ങളിലെ അപോസ്മാറ്റിസവും വാലസ് ഇഫെക്റ്റും പെടും. സാമ്പ്രദായികരീതിയിൽ നിന്ന് വേറിട്ടു ചിന്തിക്കുന്ന ആളായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം. മാനസികവികാസത്തിന് അദ്ധ്യാത്മ സിദ്ധാന്തത്തിലെ വക്കാലത്തും ദ്വന്ദദൈവത്തിലുള്ള വിശ്വാസവും അദ്ദേഹത്തെ മറ്റുചില ശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞരിൽ നിന്നും അകറ്റി. </p><p>ശാസ്ത്രീയപ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ കൂടാതെ അദ്ദേഹം മുതലാളിത്തത്തിനും സാമൂഹിക അനീതിയ്ക്കും എതിരായുള്ള സാമൂഹ്യപ്രവർത്തകനായിരുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പ്രകൃതിയുടെ ചരിത്രത്തിലുള്ള തല്പര്യംകൊണ്ട് മാനുഷിക പ്രവർത്തനം കൊണ്ട് പ്രകൃതിക്കുണ്ടാകുന്ന ആഘാതങ്ങൾക്ക് എതിരെ ശബ്ദമുയർത്തിയ ശസ്ത്രജ്ഞരിൽ പ്രമുഖനായിരുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹം <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC" title="സിംഗപ്പൂർ">സിംഗപ്പൂർ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യ">ഇന്തോനേഷ്യ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="മലേഷ്യ">മലേഷ്യ</a> എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ നടത്തിയ പര്യവേക്ഷണങ്ങൾക്കീടയിലെ സാഹസിക യാത്രകളും നിരീക്ഷണങ്ങളും ഉൾക്കോണ്ട് ശാസ്ത്രീയ-സാമൂഹിക വിഷയങ്ങളിൽ ധാരാളം രചനകൾ വളരെ പ്രചാരവും ബഹുമാനവും നേടിയവയാണ്. 1869 ൽ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച ശേഷം ഇതേവരെ അതിന്റെ പതിപ്പുകൾ നിർത്തിയിട്ടില്ല. </p><p>വാലസ് ജീവിതകാലം മിക്കവാറും സാമ്പത്തികബുദ്ധിമുട്ടിലായിരുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹം ശേഖരിച്ച സ്പെസിമെനുകൾ വിറ്റ് അദ്ദേഹം <a href="/wiki/Amazon" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Amazon">ആമസോണിലേക്കും</a> കിഴക്കോട്ടേക്കുമുള്ള യാത്രകൾക്ക് പണം കണ്ടെത്തി. ആ വില്പനകളിൽ നിന്നു കിട്ടിയ പണം വിജയകരമല്ലാത്ത നിക്ഷേപങ്ങൾ നടത്തുകയും ചെയ്തു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരണങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നു കിട്ടിയ പണത്തെ ആശ്രയിച്ചു ജീവിക്കേണ്ടിവന്നു. ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ശാസ്ത്രസമൂഹത്തിലെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ സമകാലികരായിരുന്ന <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Darwin">ചാൾസ് ഡാർവിൻ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lyell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Lyell (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ചാൾസ് ലയെൽ</a> എന്നിവരെപ്പോലെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിനു കുടുബസ്വത്ത് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല. ശമ്പളം ലഭിക്കാവുന്ന ഒരു ജോലിയും അദ്ദേഹത്തിനുണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല.1881 -ൽ ചാൾസ് ഡാർവിന്റെ ശ്രമഫലമായി അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് സർക്കാരിൽ നിന്ന് ചെറിയൊരു പെൻഷൻ ലഭിച്ചു തുടങ്ങി. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ജീവിതരേഖ"><span id=".E0.B4.9C.E0.B5.80.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.B0.E0.B5.87.E0.B4.96"></span>ജീവിതരേഖ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ജീവിതരേഖ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>വാലസിനെ പലരും വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കാറ് 'മറ്റൊരു ഡാർവിൻ' എന്നാണ്. 1854 മുതൽ എട്ടുവർഷക്കാലം അദ്ദേഹം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ ഏഷ്യൻ മേഖലയിൽ പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു. വാലസിനെ പലരും വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കാറ് 'മറ്റൊരു ഡാർവിൻ' എന്നാണ്. 1854 മുതൽ എട്ടുവർഷക്കാലം അദ്ദേഹം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ ഏഷ്യൻ മേഖലയിൽ പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഇതും_കാണുക"><span id=".E0.B4.87.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.95"></span>ഇതും കാണുക</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഇതും കാണുക"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96" title="വാലസ് രേഖ">വാലസ് രേഖ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="വാലേസ്യ">വാലേസ്യ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="കൃതികൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.95.E0.B5.83.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>കൃതികൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: കൃതികൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFWallace1853" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42833"><i>Palm trees of the Amazon and their uses</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Biodiversity Heritage Library)</span>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palm+trees+of+the+Amazon+and+their+uses.&rft.pub=London&rft.date=1853&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F42833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1869" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1869). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Malay_Archipelago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Malay Archipelago (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">The Malay Archipelago</a></i>. Harper.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Malay+Archipelago&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1870" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1870). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=uGSFcFcSBmkC"><i>Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Google Books)</span> (2nd ed.). Macmillan and Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contributions+to+the+Theory+of+Natural+Selection&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Company&rft.date=1870&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DuGSFcFcSBmkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1876" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=HmqtZfTfQUMC"><i>The Geographical Distribution of Animals</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Google Books)</span>. Harper and brothers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geographical+Distribution+of+Animals&rft.pub=Harper+and+brothers&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DHmqtZfTfQUMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1878" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=09TeahwIfN0C"><i>Tropical Nature, and Other Essays</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Google Books)</span>. Macmillan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tropical+Nature%2C+and+Other+Essays&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D09TeahwIfN0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1881" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1881). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Island Life"><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikisource.org/wiki/Island_Life"><i>Island Life</i> </a></span>. Harper and brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Island+Life&rft.pub=Harper+and+brothers&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Cite_book" title="ഫലകം:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|format=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#format_missing_url" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1889" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1889). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Darwinism (Wallace)"><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikisource.org/wiki/Darwinism_(Wallace)"><i>Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of Its Applications</i> </a></span>. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Darwinism%3A+An+Exposition+of+the+Theory+of+Natural+Selection%2C+with+Some+of+Its+Applications&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Cite_book" title="ഫലകം:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|format=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#format_missing_url" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1889" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=iEQTAAAAYAAJ"><i>Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Google Books)</span> (1889 ed.). Ward, Lock<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+on+the+Amazon+and+Rio+Negro&rft.edition=1889&rft.pub=Ward%2C+Lock&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DiEQTAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Wallace, Alfred Russel (1898). Vaccination A Delusion (Vacinação Uma Desilusão). Swan Sonnenschein & Co.</li></ul> <p>[editar] </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1905" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=_dYEAAAAYAAJ"><i>My Life</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Google Books)</span>. Chapman & Hall<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Life&rft.pub=Chapman+%26+Hall&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D_dYEAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="തെരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത_പ്രബന്ധങ്ങൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.86.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.9E.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.9E.E0.B5.86.E0.B4.9F.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A4_.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.A8.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A7.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.BE"></span>തെരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത പ്രബന്ധങ്ങൾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: തെരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത പ്രബന്ധങ്ങൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1853: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S008.htm">On the Monkeys of the Amazon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091015010223/http://www.wku.edu/%7Esmithch/wallace/S008.htm">Archived</a> 2009-10-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Speculates on the effect of rivers and other geographical barriers on the distribution of closely allied species.</li> <li>1855: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S020.htm">On the Law Which Has Regulated the Introduction of New Species</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070428194531/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S020.htm">Archived</a> 2007-04-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Wallace's thoughts on the laws governing the geographic distribution of closely allied species and the implications of those laws for the transmutation of species.</li> <li>1857: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/wallace/S038.htm">On the Natural History of the Aru Islands</a>. First methodical biogeographic study.</li> <li>1858: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S043.htm">On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely From the Original Type</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429183411/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S043.htm">Archived</a> 2007-04-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Paper on natural selection sent by Wallace to Darwin.</li> <li>1859: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S053.htm">On the Zoological Geography of the Malay Archipelago</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091014231855/http://www.wku.edu/%7Esmithch/wallace/S053.htm">Archived</a> 2009-10-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Contains first description of <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace Line">Wallace Line</a>.</li> <li>1863: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S083.htm">Remarks on the Rev. S. Haughton's Paper on the Bee's Cell, And on the Origin of Species</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630080614/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S083.htm">Archived</a> 2009-06-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Wallace's defence of the <i>Origin</i> on the topic of evolution of the hexagonal bee cell.</li> <li>1863: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S078.htm">On the Physical Geography of the Malay Archipelago</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since ജൂലൈ 2024" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Link_rot" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:Link rot">പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി</a></i>]</span></sup>. Paper on the geography and possible geographic history of Indonesia with concluding remarks on importance of biogeography and biodiversity that are frequently cited in modern conservation circles.</li> <li>1864: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38597">On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidae of the Malayan region</a>. Monograph on Indonesian butterfly family with discussion of different kinds of variability including individual variation, polymorphic forms, geographical races, variation influenced by local conditions, and closely allied species.</li> <li>1891: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S441.htm">English and American Flowers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211160523/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S441.htm">Archived</a> 2008-12-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Contains speculation on how glaciation may have affected distribution of mountain flora in North America and Eurasia.</li></ul> <p>A more comprehensive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/writings.htm">list</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080905025225/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/writings.htm">Archived</a> 2008-09-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. of Wallace's publications that are available online, as well as a full bibliography of all of Wallace's writings,<sup id="cite_ref-Bibliography_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibliography-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been compiled by the historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_H._Smith_(historian_of_science)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles H. Smith (historian of science) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Charles H. Smith</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/index1.htm">The Alfred Russel Wallace Page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070405170132/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/index1.htm">Archived</a> 2007-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="പുരസ്കാരം"><span id=".E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.B8.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.82"></span>പുരസ്കാരം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: പുരസ്കാരം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബം"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.82"></span>അവലംബം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120930070940/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/tech/alfred-russel-wallace-online-archive-evolution-natural-selection-charles-darwin-306061.html">"ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ്"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathrubhumi.com/tech/alfred-russel-wallace-online-archive-evolution-natural-selection-charles-darwin-306061.html">the original</a> on 2012-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathrubhumi.com%2Ftech%2Falfred-russel-wallace-online-archive-evolution-natural-selection-charles-darwin-306061.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bibliography-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bibliography_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFWallace" class="citation web cs1">Wallace, Alfred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/index1.htm">"Bibliography of the Writings of Alfred Russel Wallace"</a>. The Alfred Russel Wallace Page hosted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Kentucky_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Kentucky University (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Western Kentucky University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bibliography+of+the+Writings+of+Alfred+Russel+Wallace&rft.pub=The+Alfred+Russel+Wallace+Page+hosted+by+Western+Kentucky+University&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.wku.edu%2Fcharles.smith%2Findex1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അധിക_വായനയ്ക്ക്"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.A7.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95_.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.AF.E0.B4.A8.E0.B4.AF.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.8D"></span>അധിക വായനയ്ക്ക്</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അധിക വായനയ്ക്ക്"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFFichman2004" class="citation book cs1">Fichman, Martin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elusivevictorian00fich"><i>An elusive Victorian: the evolution of Alfred Russel Wallace</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/0-226-24613-2" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/0-226-24613-2"><bdi>0-226-24613-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+elusive+Victorian%3A+the+evolution+of+Alfred+Russel+Wallace&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-226-24613-2&rft.aulast=Fichman&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felusivevictorian00fich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFQuammen2008" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Quammen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Quammen (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Quammen, David</a> (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/12/wallace/quammen-text">"The Man Who Wasn't Darwin"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. National Geographic Society: 106–33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217122545/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/12/wallace/quammen-text">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=The+Man+Who+Wasn%27t+Darwin&rft.pages=106-33&rft.date=2008-12&rft.aulast=Quammen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngm.nationalgeographic.com%2F2008%2F12%2Fwallace%2Fquammen-text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFQuammen1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Quammen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Quammen (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Quammen, David</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/songofdodoisland0000quam"><i>The song of the dodo: island biogeography in an age of extinctions</i></a>. New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/0-684-80083-7" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/0-684-80083-7"><bdi>0-684-80083-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+song+of+the+dodo%3A+island+biogeography+in+an+age+of+extinctions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-684-80083-7&rft.aulast=Quammen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsongofdodoisland0000quam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFSeverin1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Severin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim Severin (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Severin, Tim</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spiceislandsvoya00seve"><i>The Spice Islands Voyage: The Quest for Alfred Wallace, the Man Who Shared Darwin's Discovery of Evolution</i></a>. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/0-7867-0518-3" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/0-7867-0518-3"><bdi>0-7867-0518-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spice+Islands+Voyage%3A+The+Quest+for+Alfred+Wallace%2C+the+Man+Who+Shared+Darwin%27s+Discovery+of+Evolution&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7867-0518-3&rft.aulast=Severin&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspiceislandsvoya00seve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFBerry2003" class="citation book cs1">Berry, Andrew (2003). <i>Infinite Tropics: An Alfred Russel Wallace Anthology</i>. London: Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/1-85984-478-2" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/1-85984-478-2"><bdi>1-85984-478-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infinite+Tropics%3A+An+Alfred+Russel+Wallace+Anthology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-85984-478-2&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFCrawforth2009" class="citation book cs1">Crawforth, Anthony (2009). <i>The Butterfly Hunter: The life of Henry Walter Bates</i>. The University of Buckingham Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-0-9560716-1-3" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-0-9560716-1-3"><bdi>978-0-9560716-1-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Butterfly+Hunter%3A+The+life+of+Henry+Walter+Bates&rft.pub=The+University+of+Buckingham+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-9560716-1-3&rft.aulast=Crawforth&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFScarpelli1992" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Scarpelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Scarpelli (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Scarpelli, Giacomo</a> (1992). "Nothing in nature that is not useful. The anti-vaccination crusade and the idea of 'harmonia naturae' in Alfred Russel Wallace". <i>Nuncius</i>. Nuncius: 109–130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuncius&rft.atitle=Nothing+in+nature+that+is+not+useful.+The+anti-vaccination+crusade+and+the+idea+of+%27harmonia+naturae%27+in+Alfred+Russel+Wallace&rft.pages=109-130&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Scarpelli&rft.aufirst=Giacomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wallace, Alfred Russel"><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Wallace,_Alfred_Russel">"Wallace, Alfred Russel" </a></span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">എൻസൈക്ലോപീഡിയ ബ്രിട്ടാനിക്ക</a></i> (11th ed.). കേംബ്രിഡ്ജ് സർവകലാശാല പ്രസ്സ്.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wallace%2C+Alfred+Russel&rft.btitle=%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF+%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2+%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B1.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A3.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>പുറം കണ്ണികൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: പുറം കണ്ണികൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wallace-online.org/">Wallace Online. The first complete online edition of the writings of Alfred Russel Wallace.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/index1.htm">The Alfred Russel Wallace Page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070405170132/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/index1.htm">Archived</a> 2007-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wallacefund.info/">The Alfred Russel Wallace Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100623113158/http://wallacefund.info/">Archived</a> 2010-06-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wallaceletters.info/">The A. R. Wallace Correspondence Project website</a></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2007/02/12/070212crat_atlarge_rosen">Missing Link-Alfred Russel Wallace, Charles Darwin's neglected double</a>" by Jonathan Rosen, The New Yorker, February 12, 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/bk/wallace/cover.html"><i>The Malay Archipelago</i> illustrated edition at Papua WebProject</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618003836/http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/bk/wallace/cover.html">Archived</a> 2013-06-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/biography/alfredrussellwallace">Wallace at 100 Welsh Heroes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100124191414/http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/biography/alfredrussellwallace">Archived</a> 2010-01-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/author/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D">ആൽഫ്രഡ് റസ്സൽ വാലസ്</a> എന്ന വ്യക്തിയുടെ രചനകൾ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="പ്രോജക്ട് ഗുട്ടൻബർഗ്">പ്രോജക്ട് ഗുട്ടൻബർഗിൽനിന്ന്</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-89631">രചനകൾ ആൽഫ്രഡ് റസ്സൽ വാലസ്</a> ലൈബ്രറികളിൽ (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF)" title="വേൾഡ്കാറ്റ് (വിശ്വഗ്രന്ഥസൂചി)">വേൾഡ്കാറ്റ്</a> കാറ്റലോഗ്)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/7847060.stm">BBC article on Wallace and Indonesia's efforts to honor him</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/12/wallace/quammen-text">National Geographic Magazine, December 2008 – The Man Who Wasn't Darwin</a> Biography</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/07/AR2009020702104.html">"The Work In Darwin's Shadow" by Joel Achenbach, The Washington Post, February 9, 2009</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/jim/pap/malletsystbiodiv.pdf">Poulton, Wallace and Jordan: how discoveries in Papilio butterflies initiated a new species concept 100 years ago</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://luca.co.in/russel-wallace/">ആൽഫ്രെഡ് റസ്സൽ വാലസ് എന്ന ബഹുമുഖ പ്രതിഭ</a>, ഡോ.പി.കെ.സുമോദൻ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="ലൂക്ക സയൻസ് പോർട്ടൽ">ലൂക്ക സയൻസ് പോർട്ടൽ</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3859918">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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class="mw-redirect" title="ഫലകം:Copley Medallists 1901–1950"><abbr title="ഫലകം കാണുക">ക</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:Copley_Medallists_1901%E2%80%931950&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഫലകത്തിന്റെ സംവാദം:Copley Medallists 1901–1950 (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)"><abbr title="ഫലകത്തിന്റെ സംവാദതാൾ">സ</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:EditPage/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Copley_Medallists_1901%E2%80%931950" title="പ്രത്യേകം:EditPage/ഫലകം:Copley Medallists 1901–1950"><abbr title="ഫലകം തിരുത്തുക">തി</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Copley_Medallists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medallists</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Willard_Gibbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a> (1901) <b>·</b> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister,_1st_Baron_Lister" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister">Joseph Lister</a> (1902) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Suess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Suess (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Eduard Suess</a> (1903) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Crookes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Crookes (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">William Crookes</a> (1904) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a> (1905) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lie_Metchnikoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Élie Metchnikoff (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Élie Metchnikoff</a> (1906) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a> (1907) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> (1908) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_William_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George William Hill (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">George William Hill</a> (1909) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Galton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Galton (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Francis Galton</a> (1910) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Darwin (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">George Darwin</a> (1911) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Klein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix Klein (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Felix Klein</a> (1912) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Lankester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray Lankester (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Ray Lankester</a> (1913) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> (1914) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a> (1915) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" class="mw-redirect" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a> (1916) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Paul Émile Roux (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Pierre Paul Émile Roux</a> (1917) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a> (1918) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bayliss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bayliss (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">William Bayliss</a> (1919) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Tabberer_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Tabberer Brown (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Horace Tabberer Brown</a> (1920) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Larmor">Joseph Larmor</a> (1921) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> (1922) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Lamb (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Horace Lamb</a> (1923) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</a> (1924) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1925) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a> (1926) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Scott_Sherrington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Scott Sherrington (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Charles Scott Sherrington</a> (1927) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Algernon_Parsons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Algernon Parsons (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Charles Algernon Parsons</a> (1928) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> (1929) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a> (1930) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Schuster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Schuster (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Arthur Schuster</a> (1931) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Ellery_Hale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Ellery Hale (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">George Ellery Hale</a> (1932) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theobald_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theobald Smith (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Theobald Smith</a> (1933) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Scott_Haldane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Scott Haldane (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">John Scott Haldane</a> (1934) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a> (1935) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Evans (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Arthur Evans</a> (1936) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hallett_Dale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Hallett Dale (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Henry Hallett Dale</a> (1937) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" class="mw-redirect" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1938) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a> (1939) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Langevin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Langevin (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Paul Langevin</a> (1940) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lewis_(cardiologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lewis (cardiologist) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Thomas Lewis</a> (1941) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Robinson_(organic_chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Robinson (organic chemist) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Robert Robinson</a> (1942) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Barcroft (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Joseph Barcroft</a> (1943) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Ingram_Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Ingram Taylor (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Geoffrey Ingram Taylor</a> (1944) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Avery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oswald Avery (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Oswald Avery</a> (1945) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Adrian,_1st_Baron_Adrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a> (1946) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/G._H._Hardy" class="mw-redirect" title="G. H. Hardy">G. H. Hardy</a> (1947) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Hill (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Archibald Hill</a> (1948) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Hevesy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George de Hevesy (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">George de Hevesy</a> (1949) <b>·</b></span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" class="mw-redirect" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> (1950) </span></p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; border-top: 1px solid #C0C0C0;"><div><div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Copley_Medallists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഫലകം:Copley Medallists (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Complete roster:</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Copley_Medallists_1731%E2%80%931750" title="ഫലകം:Copley Medallists 1731–1750">1731–1750</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Copley_Medallists_1751%E2%80%931800" title="ഫലകം:Copley Medallists 1751–1800">1751–1800</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Copley_Medallists_1801%E2%80%931850" title="ഫലകം:Copley Medallists 1801–1850">1801–1850</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Copley_Medallists_1851%E2%80%931900" title="ഫലകം:Copley Medallists 1851–1900">1851–1900</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Copley_Medallists_1901%E2%80%931950" class="mw-redirect" title="ഫലകം:Copley Medallists 1901–1950"><b>1901–1950</b></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Copley_Medallists_1951%E2%80%932000" title="ഫലകം:Copley Medallists 1951–2000">1951–2000</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Copley_Medallists_2001%E2%80%932050" title="ഫലകം:Copley Medallists 2001–2050">2001–present</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ആൽഫ്രഡ്_റസ്സൽ_വാലസ്&oldid=4103991">https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ആൽഫ്രഡ്_റസ്സൽ_വാലസ്&oldid=4103991</a>" എന്ന താളിൽനിന്ന് ശേഖരിച്ചത്</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രത്യേകം:വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ">വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" class="mw-redirect" 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