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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Steven Rosenberg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Rosenberg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Steven A. Rosenberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="استیون روزنبرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استیون روزنبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Rosenberg" title="Steven Rosenberg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Steven Rosenberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="סטיבן רוזנברג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטיבן רוזנברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="ستيفن روزنبرج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ستيفن روزنبرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0" title="スティーヴン・ローゼンバーグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スティーヴン・ローゼンバーグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Rosenberg" title="Steven Rosenberg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Steven Rosenberg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Розенберг, Стивен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Розенберг, Стивен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">American cancer researcher</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the BBC Moscow foreign correspondent, see <a href="/wiki/Steve_Rosenberg" title="Steve Rosenberg">Steve Rosenberg</a>. For the Major League Baseball pitcher, see <a href="/wiki/Steve_Rosenberg_(baseball)" title="Steve Rosenberg (baseball)">Steve Rosenberg (baseball)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Contentious material</a> about living persons that is unsourced or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Steven+Rosenberg%22">"Steven Rosenberg"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Steven+Rosenberg%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Steven Rosenberg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nci-vol-7247-300_steven_rosenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nci-vol-7247-300_steven_rosenberg.jpg/220px-Nci-vol-7247-300_steven_rosenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nci-vol-7247-300_steven_rosenberg.jpg/330px-Nci-vol-7247-300_steven_rosenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nci-vol-7247-300_steven_rosenberg.jpg/440px-Nci-vol-7247-300_steven_rosenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2407" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1940-08-02</span>) </span>August 2, 1940<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 84)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i> The proteins of human <a href="/wiki/Erythrocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrocyte">erythrocyte</a> membranes </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1969)</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Steven A. Rosenberg</b> (born 2 August 1940<sup id="cite_ref-ascopost_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ascopost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is an American <a href="/wiki/Oncologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncologists">cancer researcher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surgical_oncology" title="Surgical oncology">surgeon</a>, chief of Surgery at the <a href="/wiki/National_Cancer_Institute" title="National Cancer Institute">National Cancer Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Uniformed_Services_University_of_Health_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences">Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences</a> and the <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University_School_of_Medicine_and_Health_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences">George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences</a>. He pioneered the development of <a href="/wiki/Immunotherapy" title="Immunotherapy">immunotherapy</a> that has resulted in the first effective immunotherapies and the development of <a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy" title="Gene therapy">gene therapy</a>. He is the first researcher to successfully insert foreign genes into <a href="/wiki/Humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Humans">humans</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Rosenberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosenberg was born in 1940, in the <a href="/wiki/Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx">Bronx</a>, the youngest of three children of Jewish immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ascopost_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ascopost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who owned a <a href="/wiki/Luncheonette" class="mw-redirect" title="Luncheonette">luncheonette</a>. He met his wife to be, Alice O’Connell during his <a href="/wiki/Residency_(medicine)" title="Residency (medicine)">residency</a> at Boston’s <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bent_Brigham_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Bent Brigham Hospital">Peter Bent Brigham Hospital</a>, who was the chief nurse at the time. They got married in 1968 and have three daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-ascopost_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ascopost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methodology">Methodology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Rosenberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Methodology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He is credited with developing the use of <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_2" title="Interleukin 2">IL-2</a> and immune cells for the treatment of patients with <a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">melanoma</a> in a procedure termed <a href="/wiki/Adoptive_cell_transfer" title="Adoptive cell transfer">adoptive cell transfer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has shown that expanding immune cells (known as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) in the lab can be used to treat patients with melanoma and has published two important studies describing their use. The first in 2002, demonstrated that some patients with advanced melanoma can be treated to complete remission with a combination of <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>, immune cells and high doses of IL-2.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second, in 2006, demonstrated that the receptor of <a href="/wiki/T_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="T cells">T cells</a> can be transferred to immune cells and in combination with chemotherapy and high doses of IL-2 can be used to treat patients with melanoma.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although, this was the first time that the T cell receptor was used for gene therapy, it was not the first time that gene therapy was used in cancer. Tumor cells modified with a gene for immune growth factors such as <a href="/wiki/GM-CSF" class="mw-redirect" title="GM-CSF">GM-CSF</a>, had been used many years previously and continue to be used, although the efficacy of GM-CSF modified tumor lines as a cancer vaccine remain extremely modest, at best.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has been some debate as to the role of the T cells in treating the cancer in these studies as high-dose IL-2 and chemotherapy have also been shown to have anti-cancer properties. Nevertheless, the combination of chemotherapy, T cells and high-dose IL-2 was shown to be effective even in patients who had previously failed high-dose IL-2 treatment. </p><p>Rosenberg has pioneered the use of adoptive <a href="/wiki/Immunotherapy" title="Immunotherapy">immunotherapy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Rosenberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosenberg graduated from the Bronx High School of Science. He received his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, 1961) and <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">M.D.</a> (1964) degrees from <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ascopost_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ascopost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served a surgical internship and <a href="/wiki/Residency_(medicine)" title="Residency (medicine)">residency</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bent_Brigham_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Bent Brigham Hospital">Peter Bent Brigham Hospital</a>, completing it in 1974. During his residency he also earned a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">biophysics</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> with <a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">thesis</a> titled <i>The proteins of human <a href="/wiki/Erythrocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrocyte">erythrocyte</a> <a href="/wiki/Membrane" title="Membrane">membranes</a></i> (in 1968/1969).<sup id="cite_ref-ascopost_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ascopost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the completion of his surgical residency, he became the Chief of <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Cancer_Institute" title="National Cancer Institute">National Cancer Institute</a>, a position he continues to hold.<sup id="cite_ref-ascopost_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ascopost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His research has focused on the <a href="/wiki/Immunotherapy_of_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunotherapy of cancer">immunotherapy of cancer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Rosenberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1992 Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/William_B._Coley_Award" title="William B. Coley Award">William B. Coley Award</a> for Distinguished Research in Tumor Immunology of the <a href="/wiki/Cancer_Research_Institute" title="Cancer Research Institute">Cancer Research Institute</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Keio_Medical_Science_Prize" title="Keio Medical Science Prize">Keio Medical Science Prize</a></li> <li>2015 Medal of Honor of the <a href="/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer Society">American Cancer Society</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/Albany_Medical_Center_Prize" title="Albany Medical Center Prize">Albany Medical Center Prize</a> in Medicine and Biomedical Research <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019 Edogawa NICHE Prize<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi_Prize_for_Progress_in_Cancer_Research" title="Szent-Györgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research">Szent-Györgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/Dan_David_Prize" title="Dan David Prize">Dan David Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2022 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pezcoller.it/en/awards/the-pezcoller-foundation-%E2%80%93-aacr-international-award/2022---steven-a--rosenberg/">Pezcoller Foundation-AACR International Award for Extraordinary Achievements in Cancer Research</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/Clarivate_Citation_Laureates" title="Clarivate Citation Laureates">Clarivate Citation Laureates</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Technology_and_Innovation" title="National Medal of Technology and Innovation">National Medal of Technology and Innovation</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Rosenberg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cell_therapy" title="Cell therapy">Cell therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antigen_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antigen receptor">Chimeric antigen receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunotherapy" title="Immunotherapy">Immunotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iovance_Biotherapeutics" title="Iovance Biotherapeutics">Iovance Biotherapeutics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Rosenberg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ascopost.com/issues/november-25-2018/steven-a-rosenberg-works-to-unmask-cancer-s-achilles-heel/">"Steven A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Institutes+of+Health+%28NIH%29&rft.atitle=NIH+immunotherapy+pioneer+Steven+Rosenberg+awarded+nation%27s+highest+honor+for+technology+and+innovation&rft.date=2023-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nih.gov%2Fnews-events%2Fnews-releases%2Fnih-immunotherapy-pioneer-steven-rosenberg-awarded-nation-s-highest-honor-technology-innovation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteven+Rosenberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Rosenberg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5304910.stm">Gene therapy rids men of cancer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i> (2006 coverage of cancer breakthrough discovered by his team)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216111732/http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/0302/074_cancer_miracles_2.html">"Cancer Miracles"</a>, Robert Langreth, <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>, 2009</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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