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<span>Debut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hollywood_chooses_other_sound_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hollywood_chooses_other_sound_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hollywood chooses other sound systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hollywood_chooses_other_sound_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Downfall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downfall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Downfall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downfall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonofilm_in_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonofilm_in_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Phonofilm in the UK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonofilm_in_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonofilm_in_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonofilm_in_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Phonofilm in Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonofilm_in_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonofilm_in_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonofilm_in_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Phonofilm in Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonofilm_in_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonofilm_in_Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonofilm_in_Latin_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Phonofilm in Latin America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonofilm_in_Latin_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_of_Phonofilm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_of_Phonofilm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legacy of Phonofilm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_of_Phonofilm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_films_produced_in_Phonofilm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_films_produced_in_Phonofilm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>List of films produced in Phonofilm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_films_produced_in_Phonofilm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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title="Phonofilm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phonofilm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonofilm" title="Phonofilm – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Phonofilm" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonofilm" title="Phonofilm – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phonofilm" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonofilm" title="Phonofilm – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Phonofilm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Фонофильм Фореста – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонофильм Фореста" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonofilm" title="Phonofilm – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Phonofilm" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Optical sound-on-film system</div> <p><b>Phonofilm</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Optical_sound" title="Optical sound">optical</a> <a href="/wiki/Sound-on-film" title="Sound-on-film">sound-on-film</a> system developed by inventors <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Case" title="Theodore Case">Theodore Case</a> in the early 1920s. </p><p>In 1919 and 1920, de Forest, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Audion_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Audion tube">audion tube</a>, filed his first patents on a sound-on-film process, <b>DeForest Phonofilm</b>, which recorded sound directly onto film as parallel lines. These parallel lines photographically recorded electrical waveforms from a microphone, which were translated back into sound waves when the movie was projected. </p><p>The Phonofilm system, which recorded synchronized sound directly onto film, was used to record vaudeville acts, musical numbers, political speeches, and opera singers. The quality of Phonofilm was poor at first and while it improved somewhat in later years, it was never able to match the fidelity of <a href="/wiki/Sound-on-disc" title="Sound-on-disc">sound-on-disc</a> systems such as <a href="/wiki/Vitaphone" title="Vitaphone">Vitaphone</a>, or later <a href="/wiki/Sound-on-film" title="Sound-on-film">sound-on-film</a> systems such as <a href="/wiki/RCA_Photophone" title="RCA Photophone">RCA Photophone</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fox_Film_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Film Corporation">Fox</a> <a href="/wiki/Movietone_sound_system" title="Movietone sound system">Movietone</a>. </p><p>The films of de Forest were <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short films</a> made primarily as demonstrations to try to interest major studios in Phonofilm. These films are particularly valuable to entertainment historians, as they include recordings of a wide variety of both well-known and less famous American <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> and British <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> acts which would otherwise have been forgotten. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1922, de Forest founded the De Forest Phonofilm Corporation with studios at 314 East 48th Street in New York City, and offices at 220 West 42nd Street in the <a href="/wiki/Candler_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Candler Building (New York City)">Candler Building</a>. However, de Forest was unable to interest any of the major <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Film studios">movie studios</a> in his invention.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phonofilm1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="All-text advertisement from the Strand Theater, giving dates, times, and performers' names. At the top, a tagline reads, "$10,000 reward paid to any person who finds a phonograph or similar device used in the phonofilms." The accompanying promotional text describes the slate of sound pictures as "the sensation of the century...Amazing! Astounding! Unbelievable"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Phonofilm1.jpg/225px-Phonofilm1.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Phonofilm1.jpg/338px-Phonofilm1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Phonofilm1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Newspaper ad for Phonofilm shorts shown at the Strand Theatre in <a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi, Mississippi</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sun_Herald" title="Sun Herald">Biloxi Daily Herald</a></i>, December 5, 1925)</figcaption></figure> <p>To record on film, de Forest tried using a standard <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Incandescent bulb">incandescent bulb</a> to expose amplified sound onto film. The bulbs quickly burned out, and, even while functioning, never produced a clear recording. To reproduce his nearly inaudible soundtracks, de Forest used a <a href="/wiki/Photoresistor" title="Photoresistor">photocell</a> that could not react quickly enough to the varying light coming to it as the soundtrack passed through the sound gate, resulting in an incomplete reproduction of sound from an inadequate recording – a dual failure. </p><p>Having failed to create a workable sound-on-film system by 1921, de Forest contacted <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Case" title="Theodore Case">Theodore Case</a> to inquire about using a Case Research Lab invention, the Thallofide (<a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">thallium</a> oxysulfide) Cell, for reproducing the recorded sound. Case provided de Forest with that major upgrade and later provided him with another Case Research Lab creation, the AEO Light, to use for recording the soundtrack. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debut">Debut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Debut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 12, 1923, de Forest presented a demonstration of Phonofilm to the press.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 12, 1923, de Forest gave a private demonstration of the process to electrical engineers at the Engineering Society Building's Auditorium at <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Societies%27_Building" title="Engineering Societies' Building">33 West 39th Street</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 15, 1923, de Forest premiered 18 short films made in Phonofilm — including vaudeville acts, musical performers, <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> — at the Rivoli Theater at 1620 Broadway in New York City. The Rivoli's music director <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Riesenfeld" title="Hugo Riesenfeld">Hugo Riesenfeld</a> co-hosted the presentation. The printed program gave credit to the "DeForest-Case Patents", but according to a letter <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Case" title="Theodore Case">Theodore Case</a> wrote to de Forest immediately after the event, no credit was given to Case during the presentation itself. </p><p>De Forest later took his show on the road, pitching Phonofilm directly to the general public at a series of special engagements across the country. The shorts shown at one such demonstration in 1925, were as follows: </p> <ul><li>(Overture)</li> <li>What the Phonofilm Means (Bart Doyle [?])</li> <li>A Study in Contrasts (comparing sound and silent film segments)</li> <li>From Far Seville (<a href="/wiki/Concha_Piquer" title="Concha Piquer">Concha Piquer</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Old Melodies (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Ross_Taggart" title="Charles Ross Taggart">Charles Ross Taggart</a>)</li> <li>The Harlequin's Serenade [no other identification, adaptation of <i>Harlequinade</i> by <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Drigo" title="Riccardo Drigo">Riccardo Drigo</a> (d. 1930)]</li> <li>Stringed Harmony (<a href="/wiki/Roy_Smeck" title="Roy Smeck">Roy Smeck</a>)</li> <li>Parade of the Wooden Soldiers [Franco-Russian ballet troupe <a href="/wiki/Le_Chauve_Souris" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Chauve Souris">Le Chauve Souris</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Few_Moments_with_Eddie_Cantor" title="A Few Moments with Eddie Cantor">A Few Moments With Eddie Cantor, Star of "Kid Boots"</a></li> <li>A Musical Monologue (with <a href="/wiki/Phil_Baker_(comedian)" title="Phil Baker (comedian)">Phil Baker</a>)</li> <li>President <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> Taken on the White House Lawn (August 11, 1924)</li> <li>(Intermission—Five Minutes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernie" title="Ben Bernie">Ben Bernie</a>'s Orchestra ("<a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernie_and_All_the_Lads" title="Ben Bernie and All the Lads">Ben Bernie and All the Lads</a>")</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rigoletto" title="Rigoletto">Rigoletto</a></i>, Act Two (Eva Leoni [1895-1972] and Company)</li> <li>The Bubble Dance (<a href="/wiki/Lillian_Powell" title="Lillian Powell">Lillian Powell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_and_Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="Weber and Fields">Weber and Fields</a> (their famous poolhall skit)</li> <li>A Boston Star (<a href="/wiki/Borrah_Minevitch" title="Borrah Minevitch">Borrah Minevitch</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWolf_Hopper" title="DeWolf Hopper">DeWolfe [sic] Hopper</a> (reciting "<a href="/wiki/Casey_at_the_Bat" title="Casey at the Bat">Casey at the Bat</a>")</li> <li>Negro Folk Songs (<a href="/wiki/Noble_Sissle" title="Noble Sissle">Noble Sissle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eubie_Blake" title="Eubie Blake">Eubie Blake</a>)</li> <li>Opera Versus Jazz (<a href="/wiki/Eva_Puck" title="Eva Puck">Eva Puck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sammy_White_(actor)" title="Sammy White (actor)">Sammy White</a>)</li> <li>(Exit March)</li></ul> <p>De Forest was forced to show these films in independent theaters such as the Rivoli since Hollywood movie studios controlled all major U.S. movie theater chains at the time. De Forest's decision to film primarily short films (one reel), not <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">feature films</a> limited the appeal of his process. De Forest kept to one-reel films because he was unable to solve the problem of reel changes, and the disruption in sound which would occur, when a projectionist in a movie theater changed reels. One of the few two-reel films made in the Phonofilm process was <i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Old_Sweet_Song_(1923_film)" title="Love's Old Sweet Song (1923 film)">Love's Old Sweet Song</a></i> (1923), starring <a href="/wiki/Louis_Wolheim" title="Louis Wolheim">Louis Wolheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Gallaher" title="Donald Gallaher">Donald Gallaher</a>, and the 20-year-old <a href="/wiki/Una_Merkel" title="Una Merkel">Una Merkel</a>. </p><p>All or part of the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> features <i><a href="/wiki/Bella_Donna_(1923_film)" title="Bella Donna (1923 film)">Bella Donna</a></i> (premiered April 1, 1923) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Covered_Wagon" title="The Covered Wagon">The Covered Wagon</a></i> (premiered March 16, 1923) were filmed with Phonofilm as an experiment. In the case of <i>The Covered Wagon</i>, Hugo Riesenfeld composed the music for the film. However, the Phonofilm versions were only shown at the premiere engagements, also at the Rivoli. "Siegfried", the first part of the <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Nibelungen" title="Die Nibelungen">Die Nibelungen</a></i> (1924) had a Phonofilm soundtrack, but only at the New York City premiere at the <a href="/wiki/Century_Theatre_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Century Theatre (New York City)">Century Theatre</a> on August 23, 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Max_Fleischer" title="Max Fleischer">Max Fleischer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Fleischer" title="Dave Fleischer">Dave Fleischer</a> used the Phonofilm process for their <i><a href="/wiki/Song_Car-Tunes" title="Song Car-Tunes">Song Car-Tunes</a></i> series of cartoons which introduced the "<a href="/wiki/Bouncing_ball_(music)" title="Bouncing ball (music)">Follow the Bouncing Ball</a>" gimmick starting in May 1924. Of the 36 titles in the <i>Song Car-Tunes</i> series, 19 used Phonofilm. Also in 1924, the Fleischer brothers partnered with de Forest, Edwin Miles Fadiman, and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Riesenfeld" title="Hugo Riesenfeld">Hugo Riesenfeld</a> to form Red Seal Pictures Corporation, which owned 36 theaters on the East Coast, extending as far west as <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hollywood_chooses_other_sound_systems">Hollywood chooses other sound systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hollywood chooses other sound systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hollywood studios largely rejected Phonofilm, and instead introduced different systems for <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">sound film</a>. </p><p>In 1924, <a href="/wiki/Western_Electric" title="Western Electric">Western Electric</a> was developing both a <a href="/wiki/Sound-on-disc" title="Sound-on-disc">sound-on-disc</a> system, where the film is synchronized with a phonograph containing the sound, and their own optical sound systems. They had settled on 24 <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frames per second</a> (90 feet per minute) as the standard film speed for sound, as they found slower film speeds could not consistently reproduce sound well. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> was the first to use a sound-on-disc system, <a href="/wiki/Vitaphone" title="Vitaphone">Vitaphone</a>. Warner Bros. released the feature film <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(1926_film)" title="Don Juan (1926 film)">Don Juan</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/John_Barrymore" title="John Barrymore">John Barrymore</a> on August 6, 1926, in Vitaphone, with music and sound effects only. On October 6, 1927, Warner Bros. released <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a> in Vitaphone. <i>The Jazz Singer</i> was the first <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">feature film</a> to use synchronized sound for talking sequences rather than just for music and sound effects, and thus launched the <a href="/wiki/Talkie" class="mw-redirect" title="Talkie">talkie</a> era. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Movietone_sound_system" title="Movietone sound system">Fox Movietone</a> system was first demonstrated to the public at the <a href="/wiki/Sam_H._Harris_Theatre" title="Sam H. Harris Theatre">Sam H. Harris Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on January 21, 1927, with a <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short film</a> of <a href="/wiki/Raquel_Meller" title="Raquel Meller">Raquel Meller</a> preceding the feature film <i><a href="/wiki/What_Price_Glory%3F_(1926_film)" title="What Price Glory? (1926 film)">What Price Glory?</a></i>, originally released in November 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in 1927, Fox released the first sound-on-film feature <i><a href="/wiki/Sunrise:_A_Song_of_Two_Humans" title="Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans">Sunrise</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">F. W. Murnau</a>. In 1928, the sound-on-film process <a href="/wiki/RCA_Photophone" title="RCA Photophone">RCA Photophone</a> was adopted by newly created studio <a href="/wiki/RKO_Radio_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="RKO Radio Pictures">RKO Radio Pictures</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>. </p><p>Since Western Electric's ERPI division dominated the theater hardware market when the sound revolution finally got underway, its standard 24-frames-per-second speed was universally adopted by Fox and all the other studios as each began making sound films. As a consequence, Case's tests and de Forest's early Phonofilms, shot at about 21 frames per second, gave speakers and singers high-pitched "helium voices" if they are run on a standard sound projector. The <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> and other film archives have printed new copies of some early Phonofilms, modifying them by periodically duplicating frames and correspondingly "stretching" the soundtracks to make them compatible with standard projectors and <a href="/wiki/Telecine" title="Telecine">telecine</a> equipment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Downfall">Downfall</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Downfall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Case and de Forest had a falling out due to de Forest taking full credit for the work of Case and Earl I. Sponable at the Case Research Lab. The Case Research Lab proceeded to build its own camera. That camera was used by Case and Sponable to film President Coolidge on August 11, 1924, creating one of the films shown by de Forest and claimed by him to be the product of "his" inventions. Case also expressed his displeasure that the program credited only the "DeForest-Case Patents", as Phonofilm's success rested upon the work of Case and his Case Research Lab. </p><p>Seeing that de Forest was more concerned with his own fame and recognition than he was with actually creating a workable system of sound film, and because of de Forest's continuing attempts to downplay the contributions of the Case Research Lab in the creation of Phonofilm, Case severed his ties with de Forest in the fall of 1925. On July 23, 1926, <a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(producer)" title="William Fox (producer)">William Fox</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fox_Film_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Film Corporation">Fox Film Corporation</a> bought Case's patents, cutting off de Forest's access to them. </p><p>Without access to Case's inventions, de Forest was left with an incomplete system of sound film. He gave up on trying to exploit the process — at least in the U.S. (see UK section below). de Forest was in financial difficulty due to his lawsuits against Case, and had resorted to selling cut-rate sound equipment to second-run movie theaters wanting to convert to sound on the cheap. His company declared bankruptcy in September 1926. The Fleischers stopped releasing the Song Car-Tune films in Phonofilm shortly thereafter. </p><p>Even so, in June 1927, producer <a href="/wiki/Pat_Powers_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pat Powers (businessman)">Pat Powers</a> made an unsuccessful takeover bid for de Forest's company. In the aftermath, Powers hired former DeForest technician <a href="/wiki/William_Garity" title="William Garity">William Garity</a> to produce a cloned version of the Phonofilm system which became Powers Cinephone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonofilm_in_the_UK">Phonofilm in the UK</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Phonofilm in the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1925, <i>The Gentleman</i>, a comedy short film excerpt of <i>The 9 to 11 Revue</i> directed by William J. Elliott, was made using Phonofilm, the first sound-on-film production in England. In 1926, the owner of a UK cinema chain, M. B. Schlesinger, acquired the UK rights to Phonofilm.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schlesinger filmed short films of British <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> performers such as <a href="/wiki/Marie_Lloyd" title="Marie Lloyd">Marie Lloyd Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Merson" title="Billy Merson">Billy Merson</a>, along with famous stage actors such as <a href="/wiki/Sybil_Thorndike" title="Sybil Thorndike">Sybil Thorndike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bransby_Williams" title="Bransby Williams">Bransby Williams</a> performing excerpts of works by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Dickens</a>, from September 1926 to May 1929. </p><p>On October 4, 1926, Phonofilm made its UK premiere with a program of short films presented at the <a href="/wiki/Empire,_Leicester_Square" title="Empire, Leicester Square">Empire Cinema</a> in London, including a short film with <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Bernstein,_Baron_Bernstein" title="Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein">Sidney Bernstein</a> welcoming Phonofilm to the UK. According to the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a> website, the UK division of De Forest Phonofilm was taken over in August 1928 by British Talking Pictures and its subsidiary, British Sound Film Productions, which was formed in September 1928; it is believed British Talking Pictures acquired De Forest's primary assets, including patents and designs for theatre audio equipment. </p><p>In March 1929, a feature film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Clue_of_the_New_Pin_(1929_film)" title="The Clue of the New Pin (1929 film)">The Clue of the New Pin</a></i>, a part-talkie based on an <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Wallace" title="Edgar Wallace">Edgar Wallace</a> novel, was trade-shown with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Crimson_Circle_(1929_film)" title="The Crimson Circle (1929 film)">The Crimson Circle</a></i>, a German-UK coproduction which was also based on a Wallace novel. <i>Crimson</i> was filmed in Phonofilm, and <i>Pin</i> was made in British Phototone, a <a href="/wiki/Sound-on-disc" title="Sound-on-disc">sound-on-disc</a> process using 12-inch phonograph records synchronized with the film. However, the UK divisions of both Phonofilm and British Phototone soon closed. </p><p>The last films made in the UK in Phonofilm were released in early 1929, due to competition from Vitaphone, and sound-on-film systems such as Fox Movietone and RCA Photophone. The release of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>'s sound feature film <i><a href="/wiki/Blackmail_(1929_film)" title="Blackmail (1929 film)">Blackmail</a></i> in June 1929, made in RCA Photophone, sealed the fate of Phonofilm in the UK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonofilm_in_Australia">Phonofilm in Australia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phonofilm in Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1925, Phonofilm opened its first Australian office at 129 <a href="/wiki/Bathurst_Street,_Sydney" title="Bathurst Street, Sydney">Bathurst Street, Sydney</a>. On July 6, 1925, the first program of Phonofilms in Australia was shown at the Piccadilly Theatre in Sydney. A program was also shown at the Prince Edward Theatre in November and December 1925. </p><p>On April 6, 1927, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Trade_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Trade (Australia)">Minister for Trade</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Pratten" title="Herbert Pratten">Herbert Pratten</a> appeared in a DeForest film to celebrate the opening of a Phonofilm studio in <a href="/wiki/Rushcutters_Bay" title="Rushcutters Bay">Rushcutters Bay</a> in Sydney. On May 12, 1927, a Phonofilm of the <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Duke and Dutchess of York</a> arriving at <a href="/wiki/Farm_Cove,_New_South_Wales" title="Farm Cove, New South Wales">Farm Cove</a> was shown at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Lyceum,_Sydney" title="Royal Lyceum, Sydney">Lyceum Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phonofilm had closed all of its operations in Australia by October 1927, and sold its remaining studio facilities to an Australian company in October 1928. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonofilm_in_Spain">Phonofilm in Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phonofilm in Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1928, Spanish producer Feliciano Manuel Vitores bought the Spanish rights to Phonofilm from DeForest and dubbed it "Fonofilm". He produced four films in the process, <i>Cuando fui león</i> (1928), <i>En confesionario</i> (1928), <i>Va usted en punto con el banco</i> (1928), and <i>El misterio de la Puerta del Sol</i> (1929). The first three were short films directed by Manuel Marín starring Spanish comedian Ramper, and the last was the first sound <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">feature film</a> made in Spain. The feature film was released in Spain by Divina Home Video in 2005, after years of being thought a <a href="/wiki/Lost_film" title="Lost film">lost film</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonofilm_in_Latin_America">Phonofilm in Latin America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Phonofilm in Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maurice Zouary collection at the Library of Congress holds approximately 45 films made in Phonofilm. A DVD produced by Zouary about the history of Phonofilm says that a short film of opera singers performing the Sextet from <i><a href="/wiki/Lucia_di_Lammermoor" title="Lucia di Lammermoor">Lucia di Lammermoor</a></i> was made by the "Latin American division" of Phonofilm. No further information is known about this division of Phonofilm. In 1926, DeForest released a short film referred to as <i>Cuban Sound Documentary</i> which included the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_national_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban national anthem">Cuban national anthem</a> and excerpts from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Widow" title="The Merry Widow">The Merry Widow</a></i>. However, little else is known of this film or whether other Phonofilms were made in Cuba. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_of_Phonofilm">Legacy of Phonofilm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy of Phonofilm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 200 short films were made in the Phonofilm process, with many preserved in the collections of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> (45 titles) and the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a> (98 titles). In 1976, five Phonofilm titles were discovered in a trunk in Australia, and these films have been restored by Australia's <a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Sound_Archive" title="National Film and Sound Archive">National Film and Sound Archive</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_films_produced_in_Phonofilm">List of films produced in Phonofilm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of films produced in Phonofilm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1922_program_cover_for_US_tour_of_La_Chauve_Souris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/1922_program_cover_for_US_tour_of_La_Chauve_Souris.jpg/170px-1922_program_cover_for_US_tour_of_La_Chauve_Souris.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/1922_program_cover_for_US_tour_of_La_Chauve_Souris.jpg/255px-1922_program_cover_for_US_tour_of_La_Chauve_Souris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/1922_program_cover_for_US_tour_of_La_Chauve_Souris.jpg/340px-1922_program_cover_for_US_tour_of_La_Chauve_Souris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>1922 U.S. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Chauve-Souris" title="La Chauve-Souris">La Chauve-Souris</a></i> program cover, with the famous "Wooden Soldiers" marching (left)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parade_of_the_Wooden_Soldiers.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Parade_of_the_Wooden_Soldiers.pdf/page1-170px-Parade_of_the_Wooden_Soldiers.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Parade_of_the_Wooden_Soldiers.pdf/page1-255px-Parade_of_the_Wooden_Soldiers.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Parade_of_the_Wooden_Soldiers.pdf/page1-340px-Parade_of_the_Wooden_Soldiers.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>1922 U.S. sheet music</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>A. C. Astor with Sentimental Mac (1928) ventriloquist Astor (d. April 7, 1966) with his dummy Sentimental Mac<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Acci-Dental Treatment (1929) directed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bentley_(director)" title="Thomas Bentley (director)">Thomas Bentley</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lotinga" title="Ernie Lotinga">Ernie Lotinga</a> as Jimmy Josser<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Actors' Squad (1927) short with Lawrence Anderson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(1924_film_short)" title="Abraham Lincoln (1924 film short)">Abraham Lincoln</a> (1924) portrayal of Lincoln by actor <a href="/wiki/Frank_McGlynn_Sr." title="Frank McGlynn Sr.">Frank McGlynn Sr.</a> in excerpt of 1918 play by <a href="/wiki/John_Drinkwater_(playwright)" title="John Drinkwater (playwright)">John Drinkwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a> Introduces Phonofilm (1923) for release of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Covered_Wagon" title="The Covered Wagon">The Covered Wagon</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bella_Donna_(1923_film)" title="Bella Donna (1923 film)">Bella Donna</a></i>, two <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> feature films with soundtracks filmed in Phonofilm<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ag and Bert (1929) with <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Constanduros" title="Mabel Constanduros">Mabel Constanduros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hogan_(screenwriter)" title="Michael Hogan (screenwriter)">Michael Hogan</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Phillips" title="Bertram Phillips">Bertram Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_She_Sweet" title="Ain't She Sweet">Ain't She Sweet</a> (1928) with <a href="/wiki/Chili_Bouchier" title="Chili Bouchier">Chili Bouchier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dickie_Henderson" title="Dickie Henderson">Dick Henderson</a>; see also Mark Griver and Pilbeam and His Band entries (below)</li> <li>Al Herman (1926) comedian Herman (1887–1967) performing a comedy sketch<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band" title="Alexander's Ragtime Band">Alexander's Ragtime Band</a> (1926) Fleischer cartoon**</li> <li>Alma Barnes the Internationally Famous Mimic (1926)</li> <li>Almost a Gentleman (1928) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bennett_(comedian)" title="Billy Bennett (comedian)">Billy Bennett</a></li> <li>Alvin and <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Keech" title="Kelvin Keech">Kelvin Keech</a> (1926) brothers who are credited with the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Banjolele" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjolele">banjolele</a> (banjo and ukulele)</li> <li>America's Flyers (1927) filmed at <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Field,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Roosevelt Field, New York">Roosevelt Field</a> (June 29, 1927) with <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Richard E. Byrd</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Otto_Noville" title="George Otto Noville">George Noville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bert_Acosta" title="Bert Acosta">Bert Acosta</a>, with speech given by <a href="/wiki/Grover_Whalen" title="Grover Whalen">Grover Whalen</a> (listed in BFI database)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlova" title="Anna Pavlova">Anna Pavlova</a> Swan Dance (1925)</li> <li>Annie Laurie (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>The Antidote (1927) dramatic short directed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bentley_(director)" title="Thomas Bentley (director)">Thomas Bentley</a>, with Primrose Morgan, Walter Sondes, and <a href="/wiki/Jameson_Thomas" title="Jameson Thomas">Jameson Thomas</a>***</li> <li>Armistice Day of 1928 (1928) produced by Phonofilms (Singapore) and released by British Sound Film Corporation</li> <li>Arthur Roberts Sings "Topsey-Turvey" (April 1927) musical short with <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Roberts_(comedian)" title="Arthur Roberts (comedian)">Arthur Roberts</a> singing "Topsey-Turvey", directed by <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Phillips" title="Bertram Phillips">Bertram Phillips</a></li> <li>As We Lie (1927) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Hall-Davis" title="Lillian Hall-Davis">Lillian Hall-Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miles_Mander" title="Miles Mander">Miles Mander</a>, directed by Mander; also known as <i>Lost One Wife</i></li> <li>Ashton and Rawson (May 1928) Doris Ashton and Billy Rawson; Ashton sings and Rawson plays piano (BFI Database)</li> <li>At the Photographer's (1929) comedy short released by Ellbee Pictures</li> <li>An Attempted Duet (1928) comedy short with Beryl Beresford and Leslie Hinton</li> <li>Barber and Jackson in <i>The Long and the Short of It</i> (1922) with Barber and Jackson, male and female duo (first names unknown)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bard and Pearl (1923) <a href="/wiki/Wilkie_Bard" title="Wilkie Bard">Wilkie Bard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Pearl" title="Jack Pearl">Jack Pearl</a> in early tests for Phonofilm (in <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Film_and_Television_Archive" title="UCLA Film and Television Archive">UCLA Film and Television Archive</a> database)</li> <li>Barking Dog (1921) experimental film with barking dog</li> <li>The Barrister (June 1928) with <a href="/wiki/George_Robey" title="George Robey">George Robey</a>, directed by Hugh Croise</li> <li>Being All Alone (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Donna_(1923_film)" title="Bella Donna (1923 film)">Bella Donna</a> (1923) <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> feature film directed by <a href="/wiki/George_Fitzmaurice" title="George Fitzmaurice">George Fitzmaurice</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Pola_Negri" title="Pola Negri">Pola Negri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conway_Tearle" title="Conway Tearle">Conway Tearle</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernie_and_All_the_Lads" title="Ben Bernie and All the Lads">Ben Bernie and All the Lads</a> (1925) with <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Levant" title="Oscar Levant">Oscar Levant</a> on piano</li> <li>Bernice DePasquale (1922) Metropolitan Opera soprano</li> <li>Betty Chester the Well-Known Star of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Co-Optimists" title="The Co-Optimists">The Co-Optimists</a></i> (1926) Chester sings "Pig-Tail Alley"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Merson" title="Billy Merson">Billy Merson</a> Singing <i>Desdemona</i> (1926)</li> <li>Billy Merson in <i>Scotland's Whiskey</i> (1927) parody of Sir <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lauder" title="Harry Lauder">Harry Lauder</a></li> <li>Billy Merson in <i>Russian Opera</i> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleak_House" title="Bleak House">Bleak House</a> (1926) aka <i>Grandfather Smallweed, the Miser</i> (UK title) with <a href="/wiki/Bransby_Williams" title="Bransby Williams">Bransby Williams</a>***</li> <li>Boat Race (1929) <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_and_Cambridge_University_Boat_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Race">The Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Race</a> of March 23, 1929 ("centenary year") listed in BFI Database</li> <li>Boheme Blue (1927) musical short<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A Boston Star: <a href="/wiki/Borrah_Minnevitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Borrah Minnevitch">Borrah Minnevitch</a> (1923) harmonicist*<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Bride (1929) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/George_Robey" title="George Robey">George Robey</a></li> <li>Bring on the Bride (August 1929) comedy short, directed by Harry Delf, with Betty Lancaster, Cecil Holm, and Edward O'Connor</li> <li>Brooke Johns and Goodee Montgomery (1925) Johns plays ukulele and Montgomery sings "I'm in Love Again" and dances***</li> <li>The Burglar and the Girl (1928) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Moore_Marriott" title="Moore Marriott">Moore Marriott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Boyd" title="Dorothy Boyd">Dorothy Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By_the_Light_of_the_Silvery_Moon_(song)" title="By the Light of the Silvery Moon (song)">By the Light of the Silvery Moon</a> (1926) the last of the Fleischer "Song Car-Tunes" with Phonofilm, released August 1926<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Call Me Up Some Rainy Afternoon (1926)**</li> <li>Calm as the Night (1927) sung by soprano Mary Cavanova (Marie Cavan)</li> <li>Canoodling (1928) Hal Jones sings song "Canoodling" from stage review <i>Splinters</i></li> <li>Carrie From Lancasheer (October 1928)</li> <li>Carson and Shean (1926) ?Carson and <a href="/wiki/Al_Shean" title="Al Shean">Al Shean</a> (SilentEra and BFI Database)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_at_the_Bat" title="Casey at the Bat">Casey at the Bat</a> (1922) famous poem read by actor <a href="/wiki/DeWolf_Hopper" title="DeWolf Hopper">DeWolf Hopper</a></li> <li>Cellist and Pianist (1928) two women play <a href="/wiki/Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a>' "The Swan" from <i><a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_the_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnival of the Animals">Carnival of the Animals</a></i>; ?same as Jerome and France (see below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927) filmed at <a href="/wiki/Clapham_Studios" title="Clapham Studios">Clapham Studios</a> in London on Lindbergh's departure from the UK</li> <li>Charles Lindbergh Reception (1927) Lindbergh receives Medal of Valor from NYC mayor <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Walker" title="Jimmy Walker">Jimmy Walker</a> on June 13, 1927</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ross_Taggart" title="Charles Ross Taggart">Charles Ross Taggart</a> (1923) "The Old Country Fiddler at the Singing School"<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Eliot" title="Charles William Eliot">Charles William Eliot</a> (1924) former president of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> gives speech (?at 1924 Democratic Convention)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chic_Sale" class="mw-redirect" title="Chic Sale">Charles "Chic" Sale</a> (1922) "famed monologist"</li> <li>Charmaine (1928) musical short with Eric Marshall singing</li> <li>Chorus Gentlemen (1926) or <i>Chorus, Gentlemen!</i></li> <li>Christmas Party (UK, December 1928) with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Elizalde" title="Fred Elizalde">Fred Elizalde</a> and his Orchestra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_and_Dwyer" title="Clapham and Dwyer">Clapham and Dwyer</a> No. 1 (1929) Charles Clapham and Bill Dwyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_and_Dwyer" title="Clapham and Dwyer">Clapham and Dwyer</a> No. 2 (1929) Charles Clapham and Bill Dwyer</li> <li>The Cleaner (1928) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Wilkie_Bard" title="Wilkie Bard">Wilkie Bard</a></li> <li>Clonk! (1928) musical short with <a href="/wiki/Arty_Ash" title="Arty Ash">Arty Ash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Sarony" title="Leslie Sarony">Leslie Sarony</a>, directed by Widgey R. Newman</li> <li>Clyde Doerr and His Sax-o-Phone Sextet (1923)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Coffee Stall (1927) Mark Lupino (c. 1894-4 April 1930) and Company, directed by <a href="/wiki/George_A._Cooper_(director)" title="George A. Cooper (director)">George A. Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohen_on_the_Telephone" title="Cohen on the Telephone">Cohen on the Telephone</a> (1923) also known as <i>Monroe Silver, Famed Monologist</i> with monologist <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Silver" title="Monroe Silver">Monroe Silver</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>*</li> <li>Come Take a Trip in My Airship (1924) one of the first in the Fleischer "Song Car-Tune" series**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming_Through_the_Rye" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming Through the Rye">Comin' Thro' the Rye</a> (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concha_Piquer" title="Concha Piquer">Conchita Piquer</a> (1923) in dance sketch "From Far Seville"<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Covered_Wagon" title="The Covered Wagon">The Covered Wagon</a> (1923) Paramount Pictures feature directed by <a href="/wiki/James_Cruze" title="James Cruze">James Cruze</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cuando fui león (1928) Spanish producer purchased rights from DeForest for "Fonofilm"</li> <li>Cuban Sound Documentary (1926) with the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_national_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban national anthem">Cuban national anthem</a> and excerpts of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Widow" title="The Merry Widow">The Merry Widow</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bell" title="Daisy Bell">Daisy Bell</a> (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Dandy George and Rosie (1927) Dandy George (Albert George Spink) and his dog Rosie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Gray_(song)" title="Nelly Gray (song)">Darling Nelly Gray</a> (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>David Gusikoff (1924) vibraphonist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_rote_Kreis_(1929_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Der rote Kreis (1929 film)">Der rote Kreis</a> (1929) aka <i>The Crimson Circle</i>, UK-German feature based on <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Wallace" title="Edgar Wallace">Edgar Wallace</a> novel, trade-shown in March 1929 in the UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickie_Henderson" title="Dickie Henderson">Dick Henderson</a> Sings "I Love Her All the More" (1926)</li> <li>Dick Henderson Sings "Tripe" (1926)</li> <li>Dick Henderson Sings "There Are More Heavens Than One" (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Nibelungen" title="Die Nibelungen">Die Nibelungen</a> (1924), part I, "Siegfried" (only at the U.S. premiere in NYC on August 23, 1925)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_(song)" title="Dixie (song)">Dixie</a> (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Doing His Duty (1929) comedy short of <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lotinga" title="Ernie Lotinga">Ernie Lotinga</a> playing "Jimmy Josser", directed by Hugh Croise</li> <li>Dolly Gray (1926)**</li> <li>Domen (1924) Swedish language version of <i>Retribution</i> (1924), directed by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Donaldson_(actor)" title="Arthur Donaldson (actor)">Arthur Donaldson</a>, Swedish actor and director<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Brian" title="Donald Brian">Donald Brian</a> (1925) in <i>Peggy O'Hooligan</i></li> <li>Downey and Owens (1925) <a href="/wiki/Morton_Downey" title="Morton Downey">Morton Downey</a> (Sr.) and ?Owens ("Two Boys and a Piano") sing "<a href="/wiki/Show_Me_the_Way_to_Go_Home" title="Show Me the Way to Go Home">Show Me the Way to Go Home</a>" and "There Is No One Like Myself"</li> <li>The Duke and Duchess of York Arrive at <a href="/wiki/Farm_Cove,_New_South_Wales" title="Farm Cove, New South Wales">Farm Cove</a> (1927) film first shown May 12, 1927, at the Lyceum in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li>Dunio and Gegna (1927) instrumental comedians, play "<a href="/wiki/Yes_Sir,_That%27s_My_Baby_(song)" title="Yes Sir, That's My Baby (song)">Yes Sir, That's My Baby</a>" on violin and cello (BFI Database)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink_to_Me_Only_with_Thine_Eyes" title="Drink to Me Only with Thine Eyes">Drink to Me Only</a> (1926) Gwen Farrar (1899–1944) sings title song</li> <li>East Side, West Side (1925) also known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Sidewalks_of_New_York_(cartoon)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sidewalks of New York (cartoon)">The Sidewalks of New York</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Sitwell" title="Edith Sitwell">Edith Sitwell</a> (1927) reads from her work</li> <li>El misterio de la Puerta del Sol (1929) first sound feature film made in Spain</li> <li>Elga Collins the Versatile Entertainer (1927) Collins sings "Ain't It Nice" and "Tonight You Belong to Me"</li> <li>Emmie Joyce Sings "I Need Love" (1927)</li> <li>Emmie Joyce Sings "Patience" (1927)</li> <li>En confesionario (1928)</li> <li>Ethel Hook (1926) song by contralto Ethel Hook, sister of classical singer <a href="/wiki/Clara_Butt" title="Clara Butt">Clara Butt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eubie_Blake" title="Eubie Blake">Eubie Blake</a> Plays His "Fantasy on Swanee River" (1923)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Puck" title="Eva Puck">Eva Puck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sammy_White_(actor)" title="Sammy White (actor)">Sammy White</a> (1923) doing their sketch "Opera vs. Jazz"<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>*</li> <li>Everybody's Doing It (1926)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fair_Maid_of_Perth" title="The Fair Maid of Perth">The Fair Maid of Perth</a> (1926) live-action UK film with Louise Maurel, directed by Miles Mander</li> <li>False Colours (1927) dramatic short with <a href="/wiki/Ursula_Jeans" title="Ursula Jeans">Ursula Jeans</a> and <a href="/wiki/A.B._Imeson" class="mw-redirect" title="A.B. Imeson">A. B. Imeson</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Miles_Mander" title="Miles Mander">Miles Mander</a></li> <li>Fannie Ward (1924) <a href="/wiki/Fannie_Ward" title="Fannie Ward">Fannie Ward</a> sings "Father Time"<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fannie Ward (1924) performs comedy sketch as the "Perennial Flapper"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Farewell Message of Mr. Levine and Captain Hinchcliffe, Just Before Their Departure on Their Return Flight to America (1927) with <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Levine" title="Charles A. Levine">Charles A. Levine</a> and Capt. <a href="/wiki/Walter_G._R._Hinchliffe" title="Walter G. R. Hinchliffe">Walter G. R. Hinchliffe</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Femina Quartette Nr. 1 (1928) with Elizabeth Hyde (soprano), Brenda Hales (cellist), Yvonne Black (pianist) performing (BFI Database)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Few_Moments_with_Eddie_Cantor" title="A Few Moments with Eddie Cantor">A Few Moments With Eddie Cantor, Star of "Kid Boots"</a> (late 1923, early 1924)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Fire Brigade (October 1928) with <a href="/wiki/Robb_Wilton" title="Robb Wilton">Robb Wilton</a></li> <li>Five Minutes with <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> (1924) <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> introduces Smith at 1924 Democratic Convention<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_(dance)" title="Charleston (dance)">The Flat Charleston</a> (1926) with Santos Casani and Josie Lennard</li> <li>The 'Flu That Flew (May 1928)</li> <li>Flying Jenny Airplane (1921) experimental film with Curtiss JN-4 ("Jenny") airplane</li> <li>The Four Bachelors (1924) singing quartet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> Speech (1924) filmed at <a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 Democratic National Convention</a> in NYC<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Frivolous Fragments (1927) comedy sketch with Alec Daimler and Dora Eadie</li> <li>Futuritzy (June 24, 1928) <a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat" title="Felix the Cat">Felix the Cat</a> short, directed by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Messmer" title="Otto Messmer">Otto Messmer</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Pat_Sullivan_(film_producer)" title="Pat Sullivan (film producer)">Pat Sullivan</a>, released by <a href="/wiki/Educational_Pictures" title="Educational Pictures">Educational Pictures</a>; re-released in 1929 by Copley Pictures</li> <li>The Gentleman (1925) first sound-on-film UK film, directed by William J. Elliott, excerpt of <i>The 9 to 11 Revue</i> by Harold Simpson and <a href="/wiki/Morris_Harvey" title="Morris Harvey">Morris Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> (1927) one year before similar film <i>Greeting by George Bernard Shaw</i> released by <a href="/wiki/Fox_Movietone_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Movietone News">Fox Movietone News</a> in June 1928</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Jackley" title="Nat Jackley">George Jackley</a> (1885–1950), the Indignant Comedian in "A Doggy Ditty" (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jessel_(actor)" title="George Jessel (actor)">George Jessel</a> (1924) comedy sketch by Jessel<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gilland Singer (1927) M. Gilland from France sings, dressed as wounded World War I soldier</li> <li>Gimme the Hat (1927)</li> <li>Gloria Swanson Dialogue (1925), <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_la_Falaise" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de la Falaise">Henri de la Falaise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Meighan" title="Thomas Meighan">Thomas Meighan</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> directed by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Dwan" title="Allan Dwan">Allan Dwan</a>, in film for <a href="/wiki/The_Lambs" title="The Lambs">The Lambs</a> annual "Spring Gambol" presented at the Metropolitan Opera House, showing Swanson trying to crash the all-male club; Meighan also hosted the live Gambol event (April 26, 1925)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Goodbye My Lady Love (1924)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Gordon Freeman (1924) and his "crazy inventions"</li> <li>Gorno's Italian Marionettes (1928) aka Die singenden Marionetten<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gwen Farrar (1899–1944) cellist Farrar performs "<a href="/wiki/Drink_to_Me_Only_with_Thine_Eyes" title="Drink to Me Only with Thine Eyes">Drink to Me Only With Thine Eyes</a>" (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gwen Farrar and songwriter <a href="/wiki/Billy_Mayerl" title="Billy Mayerl">Billy Mayerl</a> perform "I've Got a Sweetie on the Radio" (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hal Brown Lancashire Comedian (1928)</li> <li>The Harlequin's Serenade (no further identification of performer; in original April 15, 1923, program)*</li> <li>Harrigan and Altworth (1922) early DeForest test film</li> <li>Harry and Max Nesbitt (1927) film sometimes listed as "Yid Nesbitt" (Max's nickname), brothers from South Africa in "vocal, verbal, and terpsichorean tidbits"</li> <li>Harry Shalson the Popular Entertainer (1927) Shalson sings "You Go Too Far"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Has_Anybody_Here_Seen_Kelly%3F" title="Has Anybody Here Seen Kelly?">Has Anybody Here Seen Kelly?</a> (1926) Fleischer cartoon originally with green and orange tinting<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>The Hawaiian Revellers (1928) with Kahola Marsh and His Hawaiian Orchestra</li> <li>Hedicashun (1929) monologue by A. W. Goodwin</li> <li>Helen Lewis and Her All-Girl Jazz Syncopators (1925) Lewis leads her all-female band<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Menken" title="Helen Menken">Helen Menken</a> (1925) Broadway star Helen Menken</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cass" title="Henry Cass">Henry Cass</a> Demonstration Film (1923)* also at the Engineers Society Auditorium in NYC on April 12, 1923<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Her Unborn Child (1930) last <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">feature film</a> made in Phonofilm, directed by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ray" title="Albert Ray">Albert Ray</a> (screen debut of <a href="/wiki/Elisha_Cook" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisha Cook">Elisha Cook</a>)</li> <li>His Night Out (1924) comedy short with Fred Ardath, Bob Albright, and The McCarthy Sisters</li> <li>His Rest Day (1927) comedy short directed by <a href="/wiki/George_A._Cooper_(director)" title="George A. Cooper (director)">George A. Cooper</a> with Matthew Boulton as Bill Gosling<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hot Tips (1929) comedy short released by Ellbee Pictures</li> <li>Hot Water and Vegetabuel (1928) <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Sarony" title="Leslie Sarony">Leslie Sarony</a> sings "When You're Up to Your Neck in Hot Water (Think of the Kettle and Sing)"</li> <li>The Houston Sisters (1926) musical short with <a href="/wiki/Renee_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="Renee Houston">Billie and Renee Houston</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Hyde Sisters (1928) musical short with The Hyde Sisters</li> <li>I Can't Take You Out of My Dreams (1926) Winnie Collins and Walter Williams sing title song<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>I Don't Believe You're in Love With Me (1926) Winnie Collins and Walter Williams sing title song<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>I Don't Care What You Used to Be (1927) Dick Henderson sings title song</li> <li>I Don't Know (1928) Emmie Joyce sings title song</li> <li>I Love a Lassie (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>I Want a Pie with a Plum In (1926) Dick Henderson sings title song by Wal Clifford<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Good_Old_Summer_Time" title="In the Good Old Summer Time">In the Good Old Summer Time</a> (1926)**</li> <li>An Intimate Interlude (1928) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Whelan" title="Albert Whelan">Albert Whelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Never_Seen_a_Straight_Banana" title="I've Never Seen a Straight Banana">I've Never Seen a Straight Banana</a> (1926) sung by Dick Henderson, song by Ted Waite</li> <li>J. H. Squires' Celesta Octet (1928) aka "Memories of Tschaikovsky" w/The Squires Octet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pearl" title="Jack Pearl">Jack Pearl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bard" title="Ben Bard">Ben Bard</a> (1926) with Bard, Pearl, and Sascha Beaumont</li> <li>Jerome and France (1928) cellist with pianist; ?same as "Cellist and Pianist" (see above)</li> <li>Joe Termini the Somnolent Melodist (1926) specialty musician performs on violin and banjo<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Joe Theiss Saxotette (1929)</li> <li>John Citizen's Lament (1927) <a href="/wiki/Charles_Paton" title="Charles Paton">Charles Paton</a> performs song "If Your Face Wants to Smile, We'll Let It In" from revue <i>John Citizen's Lament</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a> Campaign Speech (1924), Democratic candidate who lost to Coolidge<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Earle" title="Josephine Earle">Josephine Earle</a> (UK, February 1929) musical short; re-released as part of compilation film <i>Musical Medley No. 4</i> (1932)</li> <li>Josser, KC (1929) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lotinga" title="Ernie Lotinga">Ernie Lotinga</a> playing "Jimmy Josser" (possible duplicate of <i>Doing His Duty</i>)</li> <li>The Jubilee Four (1924) gospel quartet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a> (1926) excerpt from the Shakespeare play, with <a href="/wiki/Basil_Gill" title="Basil Gill">Basil Gill</a> as Brutus and <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Keen" title="Malcolm Keen">Malcolm Keen</a> as Cassius<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Key and Heyworth (1927) duo sing a song (BFI Database)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knee Deep in Daisies (1926) song "I'm Knee-Deep in Daisies (and Head Over Heels in Love)" sung by Paul England and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Boyd" title="Dorothy Boyd">Dorothy Boyd</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kollege Kapers (1929) comedy short written and directed by Bobby Harmon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chauve-Souris" title="La Chauve-Souris">La Chauve-Souris</a> (1923) <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Balieff" title="Nikita Balieff">Nikita Balieff</a>'s group La Chauve-Souris performing their sketch "<a href="/wiki/Parade_of_the_Wooden_Soldiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Parade of the Wooden Soldiers">Parade of the Wooden Soldiers</a>" (? with Technicolor sequence)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>*</li> <li>Lee DeForest (1922) De Forest sitting in a chair and explaining Phonofilm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Rothier" title="Léon Rothier">Léon Rothier</a> (1923), operatic bass from the Metropolitan Opera</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Powell" title="Lillian Powell">Lillian Powell</a> Bubble Dance (1923)* <a href="/wiki/Denishawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Denishawn">Denishawn</a> dancer Powell dances to a theme by Brahms; film also shown at the Engineers Society Auditorium in NYC April 12, 1923<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>***</li> <li>Lincoln, Man of the People (1923) <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Markham" title="Edwin Markham">Edwin Markham</a> reads his poem "Lincoln, Man of the People"</li> <li>The London Four (1927) male voice quartet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Old_Sweet_Song_(1923_film)" title="Love's Old Sweet Song (1923 film)">Love's Old Sweet Song</a> (1923) two-reeler with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Wolheim" title="Louis Wolheim">Louis Wolheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Gallaher" title="Donald Gallaher">Donald Gallaher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Una_Merkel" title="Una Merkel">Una Merkel</a>, cinematography by <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Harrison_Owens" title="Freeman Harrison Owens">Freeman Harrison Owens</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Luella Paikin (1922) early DeForest test film of singer</li> <li>Lulu (1928) musical short</li> <li>Luna-cy! (1925) 1922 experimental 3-D film by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ives" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Ives">Frederick Ives</a> and Jacob Leventhal re-released with Phonofilm soundtrack May 18, 1925</li> <li>Madelon (1927) Camille Gillard in "Madelon", directed by Widgey Newman</li> <li>Major Issues of the Campaign (1924) compilation of Al Smith, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and John W. Davis short Phonofilms taken at the 1924 Democratic National Convention in NYC (see individual entries)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The Man in the Street (1926) short based on Louis N. Parker play, directed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bentley_(director)" title="Thomas Bentley (director)">Thomas Bentley</a>, with Wilbur Lenton, John MacAndrews, and Bunty O'Nolan (UK title: <i>Man of Mystery</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margie_(song)" title="Margie (song)">Margie</a> (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Lloyd" title="Marie Lloyd">Marie Lloyd</a> (1926) starring <a href="/wiki/Marie_Lloyd_Jr." title="Marie Lloyd Jr.">Marie Lloyd Jr.</a>, daughter of music hall star Marie Lloyd<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Rappold" title="Marie Rappold">Marie Rappold</a> (1922) Metropolitan Opera star<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mark Griver and His Scottish Revellers (1927) perform "She Was Just a Sailor's Sweetheart" and "Ain't She Sweet"<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—see also Chili Bouchier entry (above) and Pilbeam and His Band entry (below)</li> <li>Max Herzberg (1924) pianist</li> <li>Medevedeff's Balalaika Orchestra (1929)</li> <li>Meet the Family (1929) comedy short with Harry Delf, released by Ellbee Pictures</li> <li>Memories of Lincoln (1925) 91-year-old former legislator <a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Depew" title="Chauncey Depew">Chauncey Depew</a> recalls meeting Abraham Lincoln<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a> (1927) the trial scene, with Joyce Lyons and <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Casson" title="Lewis Casson">Lewis Casson</a>, perhaps the first sound-on-film reproduction of a scene from a <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> play</li> <li>Mickey (1927)**</li> <li>Mira la Blanca Luna (UK/Czech, 1936) Rossini aria sung by tenor <a href="/wiki/Otakar_Ma%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Otakar Mařák">Otakar Mařák</a> and soprano Marie Cavan (Mary Cavanova)</li> <li>Mirth and Magic (1928) unidentified magician performs his magic act</li> <li>Miss Edith Kelly-Lange (1927) violin solo</li> <li>Miss Lalla Dodd, the Modern Soubrette (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Picon" title="Molly Picon">Molly Picon</a> (1924) famed Yiddish actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother,_Mother,_Mother_Pin_a_Rose_on_Me" title="Mother, Mother, Mother Pin a Rose on Me">Mother, Mother, Mother Pin a Rose on Me</a> (1924)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Mr. George Mozart the Famous Comedian (1928) comedy short <sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mr. Smith Wakes Up (1929) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Elsa_Lanchester" title="Elsa Lanchester">Elsa Lanchester</a></li> <li>Mrs. Mephistopheles (1929) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/George_Robey" title="George Robey">George Robey</a> as title character, directed by Hugh Croise</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Musical_Monologue" title="A Musical Monologue">A Musical Monologue</a> (1923) with <a href="/wiki/Phil_Baker_(comedian)" title="Phil Baker (comedian)">Phil Baker</a> and his accordion<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>*</li> <li>My Bonnie (1925) aka <a href="/wiki/My_Bonnie_Lies_Over_the_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean">My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Old_Kentucky_Home_(1926_film)" title="My Old Kentucky Home (1926 film)">My Old Kentucky Home</a> (1926) first to use "<a href="/wiki/Bouncing_ball_(music)" title="Bouncing ball (music)">Follow the Bouncing Ball</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>My Wife's Gone to the Country (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Nan Wild (November 1927) directed by <a href="/wiki/George_A._Cooper_(director)" title="George A. Cooper (director)">George A. Cooper</a></li> <li>Nap (1928) with <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lotinga" title="Ernie Lotinga">Ernie Lotinga</a> as Josser, directed by Hugh Croise</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervo_and_Knox" title="Nervo and Knox">Nervo and Knox</a> (1926) perform their song "The Love of Phtohtenese" (pronounced "Hot Knees")<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The New Paris Lido Club Band (1928) directed by <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Phillips" title="Bertram Phillips">Bertram Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Night_in_Dixie" title="A Night in Dixie">A Night in Dixie</a> (1925) musical short in Maurice Zouary collection (<a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li>The Nightingale's Courtship (1927) French clowns, the Plattier Brothers</li> <li>The Nightwatchman (1928) with <a href="/wiki/Wilkie_Bard" title="Wilkie Bard">Wilkie Bard</a> singing his song "The Night Watchman"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Sissle" title="Noble Sissle">Noble Sissle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eubie_Blake" title="Eubie Blake">Eubie Blake</a> (1923) perform their song "Affectionate Dan" and "All God's Chillen Got Shoes"<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake Sing Snappy Songs (1923) sing "Sons of Old Black Joe" and "My Swanee Home"<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norah_Blaney" title="Norah Blaney">Norah Blaney</a> (1927) Blaney plays piano and sings "He's Funny That Way" and "How About Me"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutcracker Suite">Nutcracker Suite</a> (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh!_How_I_Hate_to_Get_Up_in_the_Morning" title="Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning">Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning</a> (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Oh I Wish I Was in Michigan (1927)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh_Mabel" title="Oh Mabel">Oh Mabel</a> (1924) early entry in the Fleischer "Sound Car-Tune" series<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Oh What a Pal Was Mary (1926)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh_Suzanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Oh Suzanna">Oh Suzanna</a> (1925)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh,_You_Beautiful_Doll" title="Oh, You Beautiful Doll">Oh, You Beautiful Doll</a> (1926)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Black_Joe" title="Old Black Joe">Old Black Joe</a> (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Folks_at_Home" title="Old Folks at Home">Old Folks at Home</a> (1925) ?dupe of "Swanee" entry below**</li> <li>Old Pal Why Don't You Answer Me (1926) also sometimes listed as "My Old Pal" of "Dear Old Pal"<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Olly Oakley (November 1927) directed by <a href="/wiki/George_A._Cooper_(director)" title="George A. Cooper (director)">George A. Cooper</a>; banjoist Oakley was born Joseph Sharpe (b. Birmingham November 26, 1877; d. London January 4, 1943)</li> <li>The Orderly Room (July 1928) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lotinga" title="Ernie Lotinga">Ernie Lotinga</a> as Jimmy Josser, directed by Hugh Croise</li> <li>Oscar Earlweiss (1924) "chorus and novelty concert"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pack_Up_Your_Troubles_in_Your_Old_Kit-Bag" title="Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit-Bag">Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit-Bag</a> (1926) Fleischer cartoon**</li> <li>Packing Up (1927) dramatic short with <a href="/wiki/Mary_Clare" title="Mary Clare">Mary Clare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Keen" title="Malcolm Keen">Malcolm Keen</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Miles_Mander" title="Miles Mander">Miles Mander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Specht" title="Paul Specht">Paul Specht</a> Musical Number (1925)</li> <li>Peace and Quiet (1929) with <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Lynn" title="Ralph Lynn">Ralph Lynn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Shotter" title="Winifred Shotter">Winifred Shotter</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Hill" title="Sinclair Hill">Sinclair Hill</a>, play by <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Jeans" title="Ronald Jeans">Ronald Jeans</a></li> <li>Percival and Hill (1927)</li> <li>The Percival Mackey Trio (1929) directed by <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Phillips" title="Bertram Phillips">Bertram Phillips</a></li> <li>Percy Pryde and His <a href="/wiki/Phonofiddle" title="Phonofiddle">Phonofiddle</a> on the Phonofilm (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Ritte" title="Philip Ritte">Philip Ritte</a> and His Revellers (1927)</li> <li>Phonofilm (1923) with <a href="/wiki/Binnie_Barnes" title="Binnie Barnes">Binnie Barnes</a><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pilbeam and His Band With Specialty Dance by the Misses Tosch (1927) jazzy version of "Ain't She Sweet?" (?Arnold Pilbeam, father of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Pilbeam" title="Nova Pilbeam">Nova Pilbeam</a>). See Chili Bouchier entry and Mark Griver entry (above) which feature same song.</li> <li>Pipe Down (1929) comedy short released by Ellbee Pictures</li> <li>Plastigrams (1924) 1922 experimental 3-D film by Frederick Ives and Jacob Leventhal, re-released with Phonofilm soundtrack on September 22, 1924<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>President <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a>, Taken on the White House Grounds (1924) filmed August 11, 1924<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Punch and Judy (1928)</li> <li>The Radio Bug (September 1926) comedy short, produced by <a href="/wiki/Jack_White_(film_producer)" title="Jack White (film producer)">Jack White</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Roberts_(director)" title="Stephen Roberts (director)">Stephen Roberts</a>, and co-starring Phil Dunham, Toy Gallagher and <a href="/wiki/Clem_Beauchamp" title="Clem Beauchamp">Clem Beauchamp</a>, about delivery of a new radio, released in sound and silent versions by <a href="/wiki/Educational_Pictures" title="Educational Pictures">Educational Pictures</a><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Radio Franks (May 1926) NYC radio stars Frank Bessinger and Frank Wright sing "Remember" and "Hooray for Radio"<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>***</li> <li>The Raw Recruit (July 1928) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lotinga" title="Ernie Lotinga">Ernie Lotinga</a> as Jimmy Josser, directed by Hugh Croise</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hitchcock_(actor)" title="Raymond Hitchcock (actor)">Raymond Hitchcock</a> Sketch (1924)</li> <li>Retribution (1924) directed by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Donaldson_(actor)" title="Arthur Donaldson (actor)">Arthur Donaldson</a>, Swedish actor and director, see also <i>Domen</i> (1924)<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigoletto" title="Rigoletto">Rigoletto</a>, Act Two (1923) with opera singer Eva Leoni (1895–1972) shown in NYC on April 12 and 15, 1923; released in the UK in September 1926<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette Sr.</a> (1924) speech given during 1924 presidential campaign<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Road_to_Dublin" title="Rocky Road to Dublin">Rocky Road to Dublin</a> (1927)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolfe_Kahn" title="Roger Wolfe Kahn">Roger Wolfe Kahn</a> Musical Number (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeo_et_Juliette" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeo et Juliette">Romeo et Juliette</a> (1927) tenor <a href="/wiki/Otakar_Ma%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Otakar Mařák">Otakar Mařák</a> and soprano Mary Cavanova (Marie Cavan)</li> <li>Safety First (1928) <a href="/wiki/George_Robey" title="George Robey">George Robey</a> singing his song "Safety First", directed by Hugh Croise</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing,_Sailing" title="Sailing, Sailing">Sailing, Sailing Over the Bounding Main</a> (1925)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joan_(play)" title="Saint Joan (play)">Saint Joan</a> (1927) cathedral scene from <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a>'s play, with <a href="/wiki/Sybil_Thorndike" title="Sybil Thorndike">Sybil Thorndike</a></li> <li>The Samehtini Trio (1927) two ballads and Hungarian dance (possibly <a href="/wiki/Cs%C3%A1rd%C3%A1s_(Monti)" title="Csárdás (Monti)">Csárdás (Monti)</a>) performed by male trio (pianist, cellist, and vocalist)<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Fain" title="Sammy Fain">Sammy Fain</a> and Artie Dunn (1923) before Fain quit to become full-time songwriter</li> <li>Santa Claus (1926) with <a href="/wiki/Basil_Gill" title="Basil Gill">Basil Gill</a> as Santa Claus<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Scovell and Wheldon (1927) UK radio stars (male duo) sing "Ukulele Lullaby" and "Fresh Milk Comes From Cows"<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Scrooge (1928), a monologue from Dickens's <i>A Christmas Carol</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Bransby_Williams" title="Bransby Williams">Bransby Williams</a> as Scrooge</li> <li>Sensations of 1927 (1927) Thorpe Bates in excerpt of <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wright_(composer)" title="Lawrence Wright (composer)">Lawrence Wright</a>'s <i>Sensations of 1927</i>; full title <i>A Few Melodious Moments From Lawrence Wright's "Sensations of 1927" at <a href="/wiki/Onchan" title="Onchan">Onchan Head Pavilion Douglas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">I.O.M.</a></i> (BFI Database)</li> <li>The Sentence of Death (1927) dramatic short directed by <a href="/wiki/Miles_Mander" title="Miles Mander">Miles Mander</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Boyd" title="Dorothy Boyd">Dorothy Boyd</a> (US title: <i>His Great Moment</i>)</li> <li>Sextet from <a href="/wiki/Lucia_di_Lammermoor" title="Lucia di Lammermoor">Lucia di Lammermoor</a> (1923) DVD by Zouary shows it to be produced by the ?"Latin American division" of Phonofilm<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheik_of_Araby" title="The Sheik of Araby">The Sheik of Araby</a> (US, September 1926) Fleischer cartoon**</li> <li>The Sheik of Araby (UK, December 1926) live-action short directed in the UK by <a href="/wiki/Miles_Mander" title="Miles Mander">Miles Mander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Bernstein,_Baron_Bernstein" title="Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein">Sidney Bernstein</a> Welcomes Phonofilm (1926) shown October 4, 1926, at the <a href="/wiki/Empire,_Leicester_Square" title="Empire, Leicester Square">Empire Cinema</a> in London</li> <li>So Blue (1927) with ?Delys and Clark</li> <li>Songs of Yesterday (1922) spirituals sung by <a href="/wiki/Abbie_Mitchell" title="Abbie Mitchell">Abbie (Abbey) Mitchell</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Serova" title="Sonia Serova">Sonia Serova</a> Dancers (1924) modern dance group performs to <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Edvard Grieg</a>'s "Song of Spring"<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Spirits (1929) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lotinga" title="Ernie Lotinga">Ernie Lotinga</a> as Jimmy Josser</li> <li>The Stage Hands (1928) comedy short</li> <li>Stringed Harmony (1923) with ukulele and banjo player <a href="/wiki/Roy_Smeck" title="Roy Smeck">Roy Smeck</a><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>*</li> <li>The Sugar Step (1928)</li> <li>The Superior Sex (1928) comedy short with John Henry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_River_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swanee River (song)">Swanee River</a> (1925)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Adeline_(song)" title="Sweet Adeline (song)">Sweet Adeline</a> (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Syncopation and Song (1927) with The Coney Island Six</li> <li>The Tale-Teller Phone (1928) comedy short with Nita Alvarez, Athalie Davis, and Philip Desborough</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-ra-ra_Boom-de-ay" title="Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay">Ta-Ra-Ra-Boom-Dee-Aye</a> (1926)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Brown" title="Teddy Brown">Teddy Brown</a> (1927)</li> <li>Teddy Brown, Xylophonist (1929)</li> <li>That Brute Simmons (1928) comedy short with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Stanmore_(actor)" title="Frank Stanmore (actor)">Frank Stanmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forrester_Harvey" title="Forrester Harvey">Forrester Harvey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gott" title="Barbara Gott">Barbara Gott</a></li> <li>The Third Gun (1929) three-reel short directed by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Barkas" title="Geoffrey Barkas">Geoffrey Barkas</a></li> <li>Thorpe Bates (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Three Rascals and a Piano (1927)</li> <li>To See If My Dreams Come True (1927) Jack Hodges sings title song</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lorne" title="Tommy Lorne">Tommy Lorne</a> and "Dumplings" (1927)</li> <li>Tommy Lorne (1927) sings "The Lard Song"</li> <li>Toot Toot (1926) Fleischer cartoon ("Toot Toot Tootsie"?)**</li> <li>Topsey-Turvey (1927) comedian <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Roberts_(comedian)" title="Arthur Roberts (comedian)">Arthur Roberts</a> sings "Topsey-Turvey", directed by <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Phillips" title="Bertram Phillips">Bertram Phillips</a><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Toy Shop (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trail_of_the_Lonesome_Pine_(song)" title="The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song)">The Trail of the Lonesome Pine</a> (1927)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramp,_tramp,_tramp,_the_boys_are_marching" class="mw-redirect" title="Tramp, tramp, tramp, the boys are marching">Tramp, Tramp, Tramp the Boys Are Marching</a> (1926)**</li> <li>The Trial Turn (1928) comedy short with Horace Kenney</li> <li>Troy Fassett (1924) comedy short</li> <li>Tulipsky (1924) pianist (famed "peonyist")</li> <li>Tumbledown Shack in Athlone (1927)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Sisters_(1929_film)" title="Two Sisters (1929 film)">Two Sisters</a> (1929) with <a href="/wiki/Rex_Lease" title="Rex Lease">Rex Lease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viola_Dana" title="Viola Dana">Viola Dana</a></li> <li>Unmasked (1929) mystery feature film directed by Edgar Lewis (released by Weiss Brothers-Artclass Films)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unwritten_Law_(1929_film)" title="The Unwritten Law (1929 film)">The Unwritten Law</a> (UK, 1929) two-reel short directed by <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Hill" title="Sinclair Hill">Sinclair Hill</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Wembley Studios">Wembley Studios</a></li> <li>Va usted en punto con el banco (1928)</li> <li>Ventriloquist (1927) with <a href="/wiki/William_Frawley" title="William Frawley">William Frawley</a> as peddler hawking "Hoak" patent medicine and girl (real-life wife Edna Frawley) who becomes the dummy (BFI database)</li> <li>Vicarage Trio—Kerbstone Entertainment (1928)</li> <li>The Victoria Girls (1928) perform "The Doll Dance", their "famous dancing medley"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Heming" title="Violet Heming">Violet Heming</a> (1925) appeared in "playlet" filmed in Phonofilm (<i>Variety</i>, September 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_the_Robert_E._Lee" title="Waiting for the Robert E. Lee">Waiting for the Robert E. Lee</a> (1927)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Weber_(vaudevillian)" title="Joe Weber (vaudevillian)">Weber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lew_Fields" title="Lew Fields">Fields</a> (1923) doing their pool hall sketch<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>*</li> <li>Westminster Glee Singers (1927) group directed by Edward Branscombe</li> <li>What the Phonofilm Means (introduced by ?Bart Doyle; in original April 15, 1923, program)*</li> <li>When I Leave This World Behind (1926)**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_I_Lost_You" title="When I Lost You">When I Lost You</a> (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>When That Yiddisher Band Played an Irish Tune (1926) with Teddy Elben and His Irish Jewzaleers<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>When the Midnight Choo-Choo Leaves for Alabam' (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>The Whistler (1926) dramatic short with Louise Maurel, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Hamilton" title="John F. Hamilton">John F. Hamilton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fox" title="Reginald Fox">Reginald Fox</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Miles_Mander" title="Miles Mander">Miles Mander</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Why Bananas? (1926) with Teddy Elben</li> <li>Wyn Gladwyn, One Person Two Personalities (1928)</li> <li>Yak-A-Hula-Hick-A-Doola (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>**</li> <li>Yorke and Adams (1927) Augustus Yorke (1860–1939) and Nicholas Adams perform <i><a href="/wiki/Potash_and_Perlmutter" title="Potash and Perlmutter">Potash and Perlmutter</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>You and I and My Gondola (1927)</li> <li>Yvette Darnac (1929) radio star Darnac sings Gershwin tune "<a href="/wiki/The_Man_I_Love_(song)" title="The Man I Love (song)">The Man I Love</a>"</li></ol> <p>(*) Included in program of Phonofilms at the Rivoli Theater in NYC on April 15, 1923<br />(**) Fleischer "<a href="/wiki/Song_Car-Tunes" title="Song Car-Tunes">Song Car-Tunes</a>" series (some titles later re-released by the Fleischers in their "<a href="/wiki/Screen_Songs" title="Screen Songs">Screen Songs</a>" series, through Paramount Pictures, with new soundtracks recorded in RCA Photophone)<br />(***) Found in a trunk in <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_New_South_Wales" title="Windsor, New South Wales">Windsor, New South Wales</a>, Australia in early 1976, and restored by the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photokinema" title="Photokinema">Photokinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Tigerstedt" title="Eric Tigerstedt">Eric Tigerstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Ergon" title="Tri-Ergon">Tri-Ergon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tykoci%C5%84ski-Tykociner" title="Joseph Tykociński-Tykociner">Joseph Tykociński-Tykociner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="List of film formats">List of film formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_sound_systems" title="List of film sound systems">List of film sound systems</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/elizabeth-armstrong-mrs-reed/the-educational-screen-volume-23-24-hci/page-3-the-educational-screen-volume-23-24-hci.shtml"><i>The Educational Screen</i> (January 1944), Chapter 12, "Now They Must Talk" by Arthur Edwin Krows</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/03/dayintech_0312">Randy Alfred, <i>Wired</i> magazine (12 March 2008)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ascemetsection.org/content/view/443/1023/#EngineeringSocietiesBuilding">ASCE website entry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015725/https://www.msn.com/es-es/noticias/virales/12-mentiras-de-la-historia-que-nos-tragamos-sin-rechistar-4/ar-BBTeaLx?li=BBpmbhJ&ocid=DELLDHP#page=8">"12 mentiras de la historia que nos tragamos sin rechistar (4)"</a>. <i>MSN</i> (in European Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/es-es/noticias/virales/12-mentiras-de-la-historia-que-nos-tragamos-sin-rechistar-4/ar-BBTeaLx?li=BBpmbhJ&ocid=DELLDHP#page=8">the original</a> on February 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=12+mentiras+de+la+historia+que+nos+tragamos+sin+rechistar+%284%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fes-es%2Fnoticias%2Fvirales%2F12-mentiras-de-la-historia-que-nos-tragamos-sin-rechistar-4%2Far-BBTeaLx%3Fli%3DBBpmbhJ%26ocid%3DDELLDHP%23page%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhonofilm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEFE2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">EFE (November 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/cultura/2010/11/03/actualidad/1288738815_850215.html">"La primera película sonora era española"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=La+primera+pel%C3%ADcula+sonora+era+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft.issn=1134-6582&rft.au=EFE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fcultura%2F2010%2F11%2F03%2Factualidad%2F1288738815_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhonofilm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/C/CoveredWagon1923.html">SilentEra entry for <i>The Covered Wagon</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/B/BellaDonna1923.html">SilentEra entry for <i>Bella Donna</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/N/Nibelungen1924.html">SilentEra entry for <i>Siegfried</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"First Sound of Movies", DVD, Ray Pointer, Inkwell Images</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edwin M. Bradley, <i>The First Hollywood Musicals: A Critical Filmography of 171 Features, 1927 through 1932</i> (McFarland, 2004) p6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/elizabeth-armstrong-mrs-reed/the-educational-screen-volume-23-24-hci/page-3-the-educational-screen-volume-23-24-hci.shtml"><i>The Educational Screen</i> (January 1944), Chapter 12, "Now They Must Talk" by Arthur Edwin Krows</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817052551/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:dcc6x1hkJwcJ:members.optusnet.com.au/picturepalace/De%20Forest%20Phonofilms.doc+australia+film+archive+phonofilm&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us">De 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090530224927/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/19761">BFI Database entry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/W/WeberandFields1923.html">SilentEra entry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/W/WhenILostYou1926.html">SilentEra entry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/W/WhenThatYiddisherBandP1926.html">SilentEra entry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/724453">BFI Database entry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/W/WhentheMidnightChooCho1926.html">SilentEra entry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/W/Whistler1926.html">SilentEra entry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/Y/YakaHulaHickaOoola1926.html">SilentEra entry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/Y/YorkeAndAdams1927.html">SilentEra entry</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phonofilm" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Phonofilm">Phonofilm</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/search/title?sound_mixes=de_forest_phonofilm">List of de Forest Phonofilm titles at IMDB</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/search/title?sound_mixes=cinephone">List of Cinephone films (includes earlier Cinephone system not related to Powers Cinephone) at IMDB</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090127004717/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/organisation/35538?view=credit">List of De Forest Phonofilm titles at BFI Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lee-de-Forest">History of de Forest inventions including Phonofilm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005153050/http://www.scripophily.net/defophcode19.html">Copy of DeForest Phonofilm Corporation stock certificate with section of film from <i>The Covered Wagon</i> (1923) showing soundtrack</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016234118/http://redhotjazz.com/berniephonofilm.html"><i>Ben Bernie and All the Lads</i> (1924) led by Ben Bernie with Oscar Levant on piano, made in Phonofilm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coolidge_1924"><i>President Coolidge, Taken on the White House Lawn</i> (filmed on 11 August 1924) at Archive.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eddie_cantor_1923"><i>A Few Moments With Eddie Cantor, Star of "Kid Boots"</i> (premiere of Broadway show <i>Kid Boots</i> in late 1923 or early 1924 in NYC) at Archive.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIDO1ADlwQQ"><i>Sissle and Blake Sing Snappy Songs</i> (1923)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvKv-ONnLqo"><i>The Victoria Girls</i> (1928) performing "The Doll Dance" at YouTube (clip has incorrect date of 1930) filmed at Phonofilm Clapham Studios in London</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NXAPedxkh4"><i>Mark Griver and His Scottish Revellers</i> (1927) filmed at the Phonofilm Clapham Studios in London</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1Fz3_ljWvU"><i>Dick Henderson Sings I Love Her All the More</i> (1926) filmed at the Phonofilm Clapham Studios in London</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CM_sTl7Bv9w"><i>Billy Merson Sings Desdemona</i> (1927) filmed at Clapham Studios in London</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/indexes/earlySoundFilms.html">List of Early Sound Films 1894-1929</a> at Silent Era website</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&oldid=1259113389">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phonofilm&oldid=1259113389</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_sound_production" title="Category:Film sound production">Film sound production</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_and_video_technology" title="Category:Film and video technology">Film and video technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_film" title="Category:History of film">History of film</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motion_picture_film_formats" title="Category:Motion picture film formats">Motion picture film formats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phonofilm_short_films" title="Category:Phonofilm short films">Phonofilm short films</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_European_Spanish-language_sources_(es-es)" title="Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)">CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback 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