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<!doctype html> <html> <head> <title> About APOD </title> </title>  <meta name="orgcode" content="661"> <meta name="rno" content="phillip.a.newman"> <meta name="content-owner" content="Jerry.T.Bonnell.1"> <meta name="webmaster" content="Stephen.F.Fantasia.1"> <meta name="description" content="information about astronomy picture of the day"> <script id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="//dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=NASA"> </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#F4F4FF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#7F0F9F" alink="#FF0000"> <hr> <center> <table> <tr> <td><img src="../apod.gif" alt="logo"></td> <td><h1> About Astronomy Picture of the Day </h1></td> </tr> </table> </center> <hr> <center> <a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap_faq.html" >Frequently Asked Questions List</a> </center> <hr> Acknowledgement: The Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) is based upon work supported by NASA under award No. 80NSSC17M0076. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. <h3> How to Bookmark APOD </h3> Link to our main NASA site: <a href= "http://apod.nasa.gov/" >http://apod.nasa.gov/</a> which will direct you to <a href="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html" >http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html</a>. This main site is the first to update and the most likely to be up-to-date. Alternatively, link to one of our mirror sites: <ul> <li> Algeria (in Arabic from the <a href="http://siriusalgeria.net/">Sirius Astronomy Association)</a>: <a href="http://www.apodar.net/">http://www.apodar.net/</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: azoghbi at astro dot umd dot edu">Abdrahman Zoghbi</a> <li> Austria (in German): <a href="http://www.starobserver.org/">http://www.starobserver.org/</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto:office at der-orion.com">Maria Pflug-Hofmayr</a> <li> Brazil (in Portuguese): <a href="https://steniovm.github.io/steniovm/APODnasaBR/" >https://steniovm.github.io/steniovm/APODnasaBR/</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: steniovm@gmail.com">St锚nio V. M.</a> <li> Bulgaria (in Bulgarian from MediaBricks.bg): <a href="https://mediabricks.bg/apod-bulgaria" >https://mediabricks.bg/apod-bulgaria</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: gvalkan at mediabricks.bg" >Valkan Goranov</a> <li> Canada (in French): <a href="https://dpelletier.profweb.ca/index.html" >https://dpelletier.profweb.ca/index.html</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: pelletierdonald806@gmail.com" >Donald Pelletier</a> <li> China (in Chinese from Beijing Planetarium): <a href="https://www.bjp.org.cn/APOD/today.shtml">https://www.bjp.org.cn/APOD/today.shtml </a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: cc604.zj at gmail.com">Chen chang</a> <li> Croatia (in Croatian): <a href="http://www.apod.rs/Croatia.html" >http://www.apod.rs/Croatia.html</a>, maintained by <a href="http://abload.de/img/zel-prevodilaci2u5o.jpg">Liliana Gracanin</a> <li> Czech Republic (in Czech): <a href="http://www.astro.cz/apod/" >http://www.astro.cz/apod/</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto:apod4jch at astro.cz">Josef Chlachula</a> <li> France (in French from Ciel des Hommes): <a href="http://www.cidehom.com/apod.php" >http://www.cidehom.com/apod.php</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: jamet.didier at gmail.com" >Didier Jamet</a> <li> Indonesia (in Indonesian): <a href="http://apod.infoastronomy.org/">http://apod.infoastronomy.org/</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: riza.official at outlook.com">Riza Miftah Muharram</a> <li> Iran (in Farsi translated by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/sanaz_mosti/">Sanaz Mostafazadeh</a>): <a href="http://www.skypix.org/apod/">http://www.SkyPix.org/apod/</a>, maintained by <a href="http://www.skypix.org/rahimi">Mohammad Rahimi</a> <li> Italy (in English from Observatorio Astronomico di Brera): <a href="http://www.brera.mi.astro.it/apod/" >http://www.brera.mi.astro.it/apod/</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: cristina.bernasconi at brera.inaf.it">Cristina Bernasconi</a> <li> Israel (in Hebrew, translated by Reshit Mada): <a href="http://www.astronomia2009.org.il/info/apod/apod.htm" >http://www.astronomia2009.org.il/info/apod/apod.htm</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: yair at reshitmada.org">Yair Grinberg</a> <li> Japan (in Japanese and English): <a href="http://home.u05.itscom.net/apodjpn/apodj/apodj0.htm" >http://home.u05.itscom.net/apodjpn/apodj/apodj0.htm</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto:apodjpn at n08.itscom.net">Aiichirou Niwa</a> <li> Korea (in Korean and English from <a href="http://wouldyoulike.org/">WouldYouLike</a>): <a href="http://wouldyoulike.org/apod" >http://wouldyoulike.org/apod</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: wim0705 at naver dot com">Woongbae Zee</a> <li> Montenegro (in Montenegrin): <a href="http://www.apod.rs/Montenegro.html" >http://www.apod.rs/Montenegro.html</a>, maintained by <a href="http://abload.de/img/pf-prevodilacqrs57.jpg">Plavi and Liliana Gracanin</a> <li> Netherlands (in Dutch): <a href="http://www.apod.nl/">http://www.apod.nl/</a>, maintained by <a href="http://www.public.asu.edu/~rjansen/">Rolf A. Jansen</a> <li> Poland (translated to Polish within a few days by the Polish Astronomical Society): <a href="http://apod.pl/apod/" >http://apod.pl/apod/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto:kundera at oa.uj.edu.pl">Tomasz Kundera</a> <li> Russia (in Russian from Astronet.ru): <a href="http://www.astronet.ru/db/apod.html" >http://www.astronet.ru/db/apod.html</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: oleg at sai.msu.su">Oleg Bartunov</a> <li> Serbia (in Serbian): <a href="http://www.apod.rs/" >http://www.apod.rs/</a>, maintained by <a href="http://www.apod.rs/Prevodilac.html">Liliana Gracanin</a> <li> Slovenia (in Slovenian): <a href="http://apod.fmf.uni-lj.si/" >http://apod.fmf.uni-lj.si/</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto:herman.mikuz at fmf.uni-lj.si">Herman Mikuz</a> <li> Spain (in Catalan): <a href="http://www.apod.cat/">http://www.apod.cat/</a> maintained by <a href="http://www.xavierberenguer.net/">Xavier Berenguer</a> <li> Spain (in Spanish): <a href="http://observatorio.info">http://observatorio.info </a> maintained by <a href="mailto:info at observatorio.info">Alex Dantart</a> (<a href="http://astrored.org/">AstroRed</a>) <li> Syria (in Arabic from <a href="https://www.etabits.com/">EtaBits Webs</a>): <a href="https://apod.me/">https://apod.me/</a>, maintained by <a href="https://www.aularon.com/" >Hasan Arous</a> <li> Taiwan (in Chinese): <a href="http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw/astrolab/mirrors/apod/apod.html" >http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw/astrolab/mirrors/apod/apod.html</a>, and (in English): <a href="http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw/astrolab/mirrors/apod_e/apod.html" >http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw/astrolab/mirrors/apod_e/apod.html</a> maintained by <a href="mailto:htsu at mail.ncku.edu.tw">Han-Tzong Su</a> <li> Taiwan (in Taiwanese from Taiwan Astronomical Research Alliance): <a href="https://www.apod.tw/" >https://www.apod.tw/</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: altsai at astro.ncu.edu.tw" >An-Li Tsai</a> <li> Turkey (in Turkish): <a href="https://www.uzaydanhaberler.com/category/gorsel/apod/" >https://www.uzaydanhaberler.com/category/gorsel/apod/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: alpergokce at uzaydanhaberler.com">Alper Gokce</a> <li> Turkey (in Turkish from evrimagaci.org): <a href="https://evrimagaci.org/apod/bugun" >https://evrimagaci.org/apod/bugun/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: info at evrimagaci.org" >脟a臒r谋 Mert Bak谋rc谋</a> <li> Ukraine (in Ukrainian from Odessa National Maritime University): <a href="http://astronomy.pp.ua/">http://astronomy.pp.ua/</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: bvv_2004 at ua.fm">Vitalii Breus</a> <li> United Kingdom (University College London): <a href="http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/~apod/apod/astropix.html" >http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/~apod/apod/astropix.html</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto:idh at star.ucl.ac.uk">Ian Howarth</a> </ul> These addresses will bring you the most recent available Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD). Some people find it convenient to bookmark the main APOD page and to refresh it to see the latest APOD. Alternatively, to see past APODs, please click on "Archive" near the bottom of each page. To navigate to the previous day's picture, click on the less than [ < ] symbol near the bottom left of each page. If it is available, you can also navigate to the next day's picture by clicking on the greater than [ > ] symbol near the bottom right of each page. <a name="newmedia"> <h3> New Media APOD-Related Content </h3> </a> We are aware of several "new media" venues that carry APOD-related content. Most of these are done on a volunteer basis and are not supported directly by APOD or NASA. In sum, APOD considers these to be mirror sites that make classic APOD content readable not in a different language -- but with different technology. Some of these venues might partially support themselves by carrying advertising. This seems OK to us and we have therfore given them permission to use APOD content as it seems to give a broader reach to APOD's educational mission. <li> Discussion Board: <a href="https://asterisk.apod.com/" >Starship Asterisk</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: nemiroff at mtu dot edu">Robert Nemiroff</a> <li> Email Delivery: <a href="http://apodemail.appspot.com/">http://apodemail.appspot.com/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: greg.tracy at att dot net">Greg Tracy</a> <li> RSS Feed: <a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod.rss">http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod.rss</a> maintained by <a href="http://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/index.cfm">NASA ASD</a> <li> RSS Feed: <a href="https://apod.com/feed.rss">https://apod.com/feed.rss</a> maintained by <a href="arous.hasan dot gmail.com">Hasan Arous</a> <li> Podcasts: via <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/astronomy-photo-of-the-day-2019/id428500031">iTunes</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWksELVw1LfYg6TiLQyjByw/featured" >YouTube</a>. Commentary created by, and sites maintained by, <a href="mailto: rmwagner at hacc dot edu">Robert Wagner</a> (HACC) <li> Read Aloud by Artifical Intelligence: via <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZepiiyNNbD2XL5sWnJBC_A" >YouTube</a> created by <a href="https://videotizer.com/">Videotizer</a> <li> Alternative multi-APOD front page: via <a href="https://myuniversehub.com/" >https://myuniversehub.com/</a> created and maintained by <a href="mailto: im.saddik at edu.umi.ac.ma">Imad Saddik</a> <h4> Social Media </h4> <li> Facebook: <ul> <li> Arabic: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/APODArabic" >https://www.facebook.com/APODArabic</a> maintained by <a href="https://apod.me/team">APOD Arabic Team</a> </li> <li> English: <a href="http://www.facebook.com/AstronomyPictureOfTheDay" >http://www.facebook.com/AstronomyPictureOfTheDay</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: Paul dot Connelly at att dot net">Paul Connelly</a> </li> <li> Catalan: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/apod.cat" >https://www.facebook.com/apod.cat</a> maintained by <a href="http://www.xavierberenguer.net/">Xavier Berenguer</a> </li> <li> Portuguese: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/apodbrasil/" >https://www.facebook.com/apodbrasil/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: rapha_oliveira1 at hotmail.com">Raphael Oliveira</a> & <a href="mailto: pcruz.astro at gmail.com">Patricia Cruz</a> </li> <li> Spanish: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/apod.es.observatorio/" >https://www.facebook.com/apod.es.observatorio/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto:info at observatorio.info">Alex Dantart</a> (<a href="http://astrored.org/">AstroRed</a>) </li> <li> Taiwanese: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/APOD.Taigi" >https://www.facebook.com/APOD.Taigi</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: altsai at astro.ncu.edu.tw" >An-Li Tsai</a> </ul> <li> Instagram: <ul> <li> Arabic: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/apod.arabic/" >https://www.instagram.com/apod.arabic/</a> maintained by <a href="https://apod.me/team" >APOD Arabic Team</a> </li> <li> English: <a href="https://instagram.com/astronomypicturesdaily" >https://instagram.com/astronomypicturesdaily/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: worldwideyoungastronomers @at@ gmail .dot. com" >Sydney Petz</a> </li> <li> Indonesian: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/apod.id/" >https://www.instagram.com/apod.id/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: achmadardani7 @at@ gmail .dot. com" >Achmad Ardani Prasha</a> </li> <li> Persian: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/avastarapod/" >https://www.instagram.com/avastarapod/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: mag.avastarco @at@ gmail.com">AvaStar Team</a></li> <li> Portuguese: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/apodbrasil/" >https://www.instagram.com/apodbrasil/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: navarete at gmail.com">Felipe Navarete</a> & <a href="mailto: joaquim.filho56 at gmail.com">Joaquim Farias</a> </li> <li> Taiwanese: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/apod_taigi/" >https://www.instagram.com/apod_taigi/</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: altsai at astro.ncu.edu.tw" >An-Li Tsai</a> </ul> <li> Twitter (X): <ul> <li> Arabic: <a href="https://twitter.com/APODArabic" >https://twitter.com/APODArabic</a> maintained by <a href="https://apod.me/team">APOD Arabic Team</a></li> <li> English: <a href="https://twitter.com/apod" >https://twitter.com/apod/</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: okayali at mtu.edu">Ogetay Kayali</a></li> <li> Portuguese: <a href="https://twitter.com/apod_brasil" >https://twitter.com/apod_brasil</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: rap.oliveira at usp.br">Raphael Oliveira</a> & <a href="mailto: pcruz.astro at gmail.com">Patricia Cruz</a> </li> <li> Taiwanese: <a href="https://twitter.com/ApodTaigi" >https://twitter.com/ApodTaigi</a>, maintained by <a href="mailto: altsai at astro.ncu.edu.tw" >An-Li Tsai</a> </ul> <li> Discord: <ul> <li>Discord Server: <a href="https://discord.gg/PRHFTvhVpm" >https://discord.gg/PRHFTvhVpm</a> maintained by APOD Developmental Strategist <a href="mailto: okayali at mtu dot edu">Ogetay Kayali</a> </li> <li> Special thanks to <a href="https://www.instagram.com/cosmocanada/">Max Melley</a> and <a href="sigfalt#8886">Thomas Andaloro</a> for their support during the creation of the server. </ul> <li> Flipboard: <a href="https://flipboard.com/@APOD_NASA/" >https://flipboard.com/@APOD_NASA/</a> maintained by <a href="https://www.aularon.com/">Hasan Arous</a> <li> tumblr: <a href="http://apod.tumblr.com/" >http://apod.tumblr.com/</a> maintained by <a href="https://twitter.com/trey/">Trey Piepmeier</a> <li> mastodon: <a href="https://reentry.codl.fr/@apod" >https://reentry.codl.fr/@apod</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: codl at codl dot fr">Corentin Delcourt</a> <li> BlueSky: <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/apod.shinyakato.dev" >https://bsky.app/profile/apod.shinyakato.dev</a> maintained by <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/shinyakato.dev">Shinya Kato</a> <li> Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/apod_telegram" >https://t.me/apod_telegram</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: rauf.mostafazade at gmail.com">Rauf Mostafazade</a> <li> WhatsApp: <a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaE3m060VycE2fP9wm0W" >https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaE3m060VycE2fP9wm0W</a> maintained by <a href="mailto: rauf.mostafazade at gmail.com">Rauf Mostafazade</a> <li> Chrome browser extensions: <a href='https://chrome.google.com/webstore/search/apod'>Current list (free, user created and maintained)</a> <h4> Mobile Platforms </h4> <li> iPhone and iPad Applications: <a href="https://www.apple.com/us/search/apod?src=serp" >APOD listings in Apple App Store</a> <li> Android Applications: <a href="https://play.google.com/store/search?q=apod&c=apps" >APOD listings on Google Play</a> <hr> Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) is originated, written, coordinated, and edited since 1995 by Robert Nemiroff and Jerry Bonnell. The <a href="../archivepix.html">APOD archive</a> contains the largest collection of annotated astronomical images on the internet. APOD in general and the APOD site served from NASA specifically places links solely on information content and does not endorse any commercial product nor guarantee claims or sales made on any linked pages. APOD occasionally repeats images, in part to inform new readers the best of the older images. APOD occasionally reuses APOD text, in part to avoid restating a point that has been well-stated on APOD before. In real life, Bob and Jerry are two professional astronomers who spend most of their time researching the universe. Bob is a professor at <a href="http://www.phy.mtu.edu/">Michigan Technological University</a> in Houghton, Michigan, USA, while Jerry is a scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland USA. They are two married, mild and lazy guys who might appear relatively normal to an unsuspecting guest. Together, they have found new and unusual ways of annoying people such as <a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/debate/debate.html" >staging astronomical debates.</a> Most people are surprised to learn that they have developed the perfect <a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_dig.html" >random number generator.</a> <hr> <a name="srapply"> About image permissions: </a> All the images on the APOD page are credited to the owner or institution where they originated. Some of the images are copyrighted and to use these pictures publicly or commercially one must write to the owners for permission. For the copyrighted images, the copyright owner is identified in the APOD credit line (please see the caption under the image), along with a hyperlink to the owner's location. NASA images are in the public domain, <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html" >official guidelines for their use can be found here</a>. For images credited to other owners/institutions, please contact them directly for copyright and permissions questions. Neither NASA nor APOD can grant permission to use copyrighted images. For use of these images, please write to the copyright owners. <hr> Do you enjoy APOD? Do you have a picture that would make a good APOD? If so, we would enjoy hearing from you. Images are submitted by email to Robert Nemiroff and Jerry Bonnell as described on the <a href="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/apsubmit2015.html" >APOD Submissions page</a>. In addition, they can be <a href="http://asterisk.apod.com/viewtopic.php?f=29&t=22034">posted to this web site</a>. Please note that by submitting your image to APOD, you are consenting for your image to be used on APOD in all of its forms unless you explicitly note otherwise. These include mirror sites, world language mirror sites as listed above, new media mirror sites as listed above, yearly calendars, and direct APOD derivative products. Some notable images submitted to APOD may be displayed on one or all of the following social media pages to help access their popularity: Facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/APOD.Sky">Sky</a> Instagram: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/universe_view_screen/" >Universe View Screen</a> Some of APOD's social media sites and some APOD derivative products, such as Facebook, may post your image next to commercial advertising. We do recommend that you include a small copyright notice in a corner of your submitted images. Thank you for sharing the APOD experience! We genuinely hope you have had an entertaining and educational few moments with us. <hr> <center> <a href="../astropix.html">Today's Astronomy Picture of the Day</a> <hr> Robert Nemiroff's participation in APOD was supported, in part, for a few years, by a grant from the <a href="http://www.nsf.gov/">National Science Foundation</a>. Authors & editors: <a href="http://www.mtu.edu/physics/department/faculty/ nemiroff/">Robert Nemiroff</a> (<a href="http://www.phy.mtu.edu/">MTU</a>) & <a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/ bonnell.html">Jerry Bonnell</a> (<a href="http://www.astro.umd.edu/">UMCP</a>) <a href="nasawebstuff.html">NASA Web Site Statements, Warnings, and Disclaimers</a> NASA Official: Phil Newman. <a href="../lib/about_apod.html#srapply">Specific rights apply</a>. A service of: <a href="http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/">ASD</a> at <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/">NASA</a> / <a href="http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/">GSFC</a> & <a href="http://www.mtu.edu/">Michigan Tech. U.</a> </center> </body> </html>