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<label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Quechua de Incahuasi-Cañaris</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 8 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_de_Incahuasi-Ca%C3%B1aris" title="Quechua de Incahuasi-Cañaris (asturiano)" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Quechua de Incahuasi-Cañaris" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Lambayeque" title="Quítxua de Lambayeque (catalán)" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quítxua de Lambayeque" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkawasi-Ka%C3%B1aris" title="Inkawasi-Kañaris (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Inkawasi-Kañaris" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambayeque_Quechua" title="Lambayeque Quechua (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lambayeque Quechua" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Инкаваско-кањариски кечуански дијалект (macedonio)" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инкаваско-кањариски кечуански дијалект" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_quechua,_lambayeque" title="Lenga quechua, lambayeque (Piedmontese)" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga quechua, lambayeque" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkawasi-Ka%C3%B1aris" title="Inkawasi-Kañaris (quechua)" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inkawasi-Kañaris" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Ламбаекенский кечуа (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ламбаекенский кечуа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35519#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar enlaces interlingüísticos" class="wbc-editpage">Editar 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href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Quechua_de_Incahuasi-Ca%C3%B1aris&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_de_Incahuasi-Ca%C3%B1aris&printable=yes" title="Versión imprimible de esta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En otros proyectos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35519" title="Enlace al elemento conectado del repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r157776694">.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-container .thumbinner,.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-map{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen a.image>img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera cómics" style="text-align:center;background-color:#4455F8;color:inherit;color: #FFFFFF;;">Quechua de Incahuasi-Cañaris, de Lambayeque o de Ferreñafe</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #4455F8; color: #FFFFFF;;"> linwa, linwaras, kiĉwa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Hablado en</th><td colspan="2"> <p><span style="display:none;">Perú</span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/20px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/30px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/40px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú">Perú</a> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Escudo_Regi%C3%B3n_Lambayeque.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Escudo_Regi%C3%B3n_Lambayeque.png/15px-Escudo_Regi%C3%B3n_Lambayeque.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Escudo_Regi%C3%B3n_Lambayeque.png/23px-Escudo_Regi%C3%B3n_Lambayeque.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Escudo_Regi%C3%B3n_Lambayeque.png/30px-Escudo_Regi%C3%B3n_Lambayeque.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1047" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Departamento_de_Lambayeque" title="Departamento de Lambayeque">Lambayeque</a> (noreste)</dd> <dd><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Escudo_de_Cajamarca.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Escudo_de_Cajamarca.svg/15px-Escudo_de_Cajamarca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Escudo_de_Cajamarca.svg/23px-Escudo_de_Cajamarca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Escudo_de_Cajamarca.svg/30px-Escudo_de_Cajamarca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Departamento_de_Cajamarca" title="Departamento de Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a> (cercanías)</dd> <dd><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Escudo_de_Piura.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Escudo_de_Piura.png/15px-Escudo_de_Piura.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Escudo_de_Piura.png/23px-Escudo_de_Piura.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Escudo_de_Piura.png/30px-Escudo_de_Piura.png 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="1182" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Departamento_de_Piura" title="Departamento de Piura">Piura</a> (Chilcapampa)</dd></dl></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Región</th><td colspan="2"> Distritos de <a href="/wiki/Distrito_de_Incahuasi" title="Distrito de Incahuasi">Incahuasi</a> y <a href="/wiki/Distrito_de_Ca%C3%B1aris" title="Distrito de Cañaris">Cañaris</a> en la <a href="/wiki/Provincia_de_Ferre%C3%B1afe" title="Provincia de Ferreñafe">provincia de Ferreñafe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Hablantes</th><td colspan="2"> 20~30 mil</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Familia_de_lenguas" title="Familia de lenguas">Familia</a></th><td colspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lenguas_quechuas" title="Lenguas quechuas">Lenguas quechuas</a><br />    <a href="/wiki/Quechua_II" title="Quechua II">Quechua II</a><br />     Cajamarca-Cañaris<br /> </p>      <a href="/wiki/Quechuas_de_Lambayeque" title="Quechuas de Lambayeque">Quechuas de Lambayeque</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #4455F8; color: #FFFFFF;;">Estatus oficial</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Oficial en</th><td colspan="2"> <br />(<small>cooficial con español en <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú">Perú</a></small>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #4455F8; color: #FFFFFF;;">Códigos</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td colspan="2"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=quf">quf</a></td></tr><tr><td class="noprint" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks wikidata-link" style="font-size: 0.85em">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35519" class="extiw" title="d:Q35519">editar datos en Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161979998">.mw-parser-output .caja{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f9f9f9);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;float:right;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;width:255px}.mw-parser-output .caja-tabla{border-spacing:0;width:100%;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .caja-imagen,.mw-parser-output .caja-imagen-derecha{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .caja-texto{font-size:small;line-height:1.5em;padding:.5em}</style><div class="caja noprint infobox sisterproject" style="width:286px; border:1px solid #B4BBC8; padding-left: 5px;"> <table class="caja-tabla"><tbody><tr><td class="caja-imagen" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/40px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/60px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/80px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td> <td class="caja-texto" style=""><b>Prueba <a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/qvc" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/qvc">Wikipedia en Quechua norperuano</a></b> en la Incubadora de Wikimedia.</td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>El <b>quechua de Incahuasi-Cañaris</b> (<i>linwa, linwaras, kiĉwa</i>), <b>quechua lambayecano</b> o <b>quechua de Ferreñafe</b> es una lengua de la familia <a href="/wiki/Lenguas_quechuas" title="Lenguas quechuas">quechua</a> hablada en el noroeste del <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú">Perú</a>. Está clasificada grupo <a href="/wiki/Quechua_II" title="Quechua II">Quechua II</a>A.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El quechua de Incahuasi-Cañaris es hablado por unas 20.000 personas,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> quienes se ubican principalmente en los distritos andinos del departamento de <a href="/wiki/Departamento_de_Lambayeque" title="Departamento de Lambayeque">Lambayeque</a> que le dan nombre a este dialecto, <a href="/wiki/Distrito_de_Incahuasi" title="Distrito de Incahuasi">Incahuasi</a> y <a href="/wiki/Distrito_de_Ca%C3%B1aris" title="Distrito de Cañaris">Cañaris</a>, aunque también se habla en partes del distrito de <a href="/wiki/Distrito_de_Salas" class="mw-disambig" title="Distrito de Salas">Salas</a> y en zonas aledañas de los departamentos de <a href="/wiki/Departamento_de_Cajamarca" title="Departamento de Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a> y <a href="/wiki/Departamento_de_Piura" title="Departamento de Piura">Piura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Esta variante dialectal, relacionada con las <a href="/wiki/Quechua_cajamarquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua cajamarquino">hablas cajamarquinas</a>, se caracteriza por tener rasgos mixtos procedentes de las dos ramas principales quechua, <i>huáyhuash</i> QI y <i>yúngay</i> QII,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> lo que sugiriere que la penetración del quechua en la región se realizó en dos oleadas consecutivas, estando la última de ellas relacionada con la expansión de grandes centros urbanos de la costa central como Pachacamac, entre los siglos VII y IX.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El carácter mixto de esta variante dialectal se evidencia también en la variedad de intercambios lingüísticos de su léxico que tienen predominancia de términos procedentes del QI, localismos no quechuas o pre-quechuas (probablemente Culle)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> e hispanismos.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>7<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_de_Incahuasi-Ca%C3%B1aris&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quechuas_de_Lambayeque" title="Quechuas de Lambayeque">Quechuas de Lambayeque</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lengamer.org/admin/language_folders/quechuadelambayeque/user_uploaded_files/links/File/apuntes_de_semantica.pdf">La semántica de quechua de Inkawasi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105191044/http://www-01.sil.org/acpub/repository/Guia_50733.pdf">Guía de la lengua quechua para hispanohablantes - Quechua de Lambayeque</a> (<a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">ILV</a>, 2007).</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inkawasi-kanaris.org/intro_diccionario/">Proyecto diccionario linwaras – castellano</a></i>. Inkawasi Kañaris. Plataforma para el estudio, la promoción y la difusión de la cultura de los kiĉwahablantes de Lambayeque.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_de_Incahuasi-Ca%C3%B1aris&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Torero, Alfredo (1968), 'Procedencia Geográfica de los Dialectos Quechuas de Ferreñafe y Cajamarca', Anales Científicos de la Universidad Agraria, VI (3-4), 291-316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">INEI. 2008. Principales Indicadores Demográficos, Sociales y Económicos a nivel Provincial y Distrital: Lambayeque. Lima: Oficina Técnica de Difusión INEI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fabre, A. 1998. Manual de las Lenguas Indígenas Sudamericanas. Vol. II. München: LINCOM Europa. pp. 934</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Taylor" title="Gerald Taylor">Taylor, Gerald</a> (1982a), Aspectos de la dialectología quechua. Introducción al quechua de Ferreñafe (Paris: A. E. A. Ass. d'Ethnolinguistique Amérindienne).; Taylor, Gerald (1982b), 'Breve presentación de la morfología del quechua de Ferreñafe ', Lexis (Lima), 6 (2), 243-70.;Taylor, Gerald (1996) "El quechua de Ferreñafe: Fonología, morfología, léxico". Cajamarca: Acku Quinde.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alva Mariñas, Pedro (2009), 'Pachacamac en la Serranía Lambayecana', Guía Educativa. Identidad Cultural Lambayecana (Chiclayo: Dirección Regional de Comercio Exterior y Turismo del Gobierno Regional Lambayeque).; Andrade Ciudad, Luis Florentino (2012), 'El castellano andino norperuano: contacto lingüístico, dialectología e historia'.; Hocquenghem, Anne-Marie (1989), Los guayacundos de Caxas y la Sierra Piurana: siglos XV y XVI (Lima: Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrade Ciudad, Luis Florentino (2012), 'El castellano andino norperuano: contacto lingüístico, dialectología e historia'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Taylor" title="Gerald Taylor">Taylor, Gerald</a> (1996) "El quechua de Ferreñafe: Fonología, morfología, léxico". 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