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<span>1953–1963</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1953–1963-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1963–1971" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1963–1971"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>1963–1971</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1963–1971-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1971–1985" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1971–1985"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>1971–1985</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1971–1985-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1971–1985 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1971–1985-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Security_and_the_Fourth_International" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_and_the_Fourth_International"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Security and the Fourth International</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_and_the_Fourth_International-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1985–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1985–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>1985–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1985–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_sections_(SEPs)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_sections_(SEPs)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #d33; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:0px solid;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_socialism" title="Outline of socialism">Outline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Freed market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_model" title="Input–output model">Input–output model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labour-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_balance_planning" title="Material balance planning">Material balance planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes#P2P_economic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Peer‑to‑peer economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Spontaneism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_each_according_to_his_contribution" title="To each according to his contribution">To each according to his contribution</a>/<a href="/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs" title="From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs">needs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Models</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Relationship_with_socialism" title="Planned economy">Socialist planned economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cybersyn" title="Project Cybersyn">Project Cybersyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet-type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lange_model" title="Lange model">Lange model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">Socialist-oriented market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">21st-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_road_to_socialism" title="Democratic road to socialism">Democratic road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-utopianism" title="Cyber-utopianism">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary socialism">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Gandhian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_socialism" title="Municipal socialism">Municipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumaism" title="Nkrumaism">Nkrumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular socialism">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_socialism" title="Ricardian socialism">Ricardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon#Ideas" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_socialism" title="Sewer socialism">Sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_socialism" title="Yellow socialism">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Saltykov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Korsch" title="Karl Korsch">Korsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Bordiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Serge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Montseny" title="Federica Montseny">Montseny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohei_Saito" title="Kohei Saito">Saito</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracchi">Gracchi Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Martov" title="Julius Martov">Martov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Spiridonova" title="Maria Spiridonova">Spiridonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Nagy</a></li> 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<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Palme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sankara" title="Thomas Sankara">Sankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_organizations" title="Category:Socialist organizations">Organizations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_socialist_organizations" title="Category:International socialist organizations">International socialist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties" title="Category:Socialist parties">Socialist parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: 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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Stalinist_left" title="Anti-Stalinist left">Anti-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucratic_collectivism" title="Bureaucratic collectivism">Bureaucratic collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-class_alliance" title="Cross-class alliance">Cross-class alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deformed_workers%27_state" title="Deformed workers' state">Deformed workers' state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenerated_workers%27_state" title="Degenerated workers' state">Degenerated workers' state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entryism" title="Entryism">Entryism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_revolution" title="Permanent revolution">Permanent revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_revolution_(Trotskyism)" title="Political revolution (Trotskyism)">Political revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">Social revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State 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var(--color-base)">Branches</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Trotskyism" title="Orthodox Trotskyism">Orthodox Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_camp" title="Third camp">Third camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_Posadist#Theories" title="Fourth International Posadist">Posadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabloism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pabloism">Pabloism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Abern" title="Martin Abern">Martin Abern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Antonov-Ovseenko" title="Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko">Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bensa%C3%AFd" title="Daniel Bensaïd">Daniel Bensaïd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Blanco_(politician)" title="Hugo Blanco (politician)">Hugo Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Callinicos" title="Alex Callinicos">Alex Callinicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Cannon" title="James P. Cannon">James P. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Deutscher" title="Isaac Deutscher">Isaac Deutscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dowson" title="Ross Dowson">Ross Dowson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Draper" title="Hal Draper">Hal Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Duxiu" title="Chen Duxiu">Chen Duxiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Cliff" title="Tony Cliff">Tony Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Frank" title="Pierre Frank">Pierre Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Grant" title="Ted Grant">Ted Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Hallas" title="Duncan Hallas">Duncan Hallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hansen_(socialist)" title="Joseph Hansen (socialist)">Joseph Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Healy" title="Gerry Healy">Gerry Healy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">C. L. R. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Khan" title="Lal Khan">Lal Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lambert" title="Pierre Lambert">Pierre Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livio_Maitan" title="Livio Maitan">Livio Maitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Mandel" title="Ernest Mandel">Ernest Mandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahuel_Moreno" title="Nahuel Moreno">Nahuel Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_North_(socialist)" title="David North (socialist)">David North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Novack" title="George Novack">George Novack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Pablo" title="Michel Pablo">Michel Pablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Posadas" title="J. Posadas">J. Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeni_Preobrazhensky" title="Yevgeni Preobrazhensky">Yevgeni Preobrazhensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Sedov" title="Lev Sedov">Lev Sedov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Shachtman" title="Max Shachtman">Max Shachtman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Smirnov_(politician)" title="Ivan Smirnov (politician)">Ivan Smirnov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%A1_Thu_Th%C3%A2u" title="Tạ Thu Thâu">Tạ Thu Thâu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Taaffe" title="Peter Taaffe">Peter Taaffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Woods_(political_theorist)" title="Alan Woods (political theorist)">Alan Woods</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Theoretical works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_and_Communism" title="Terrorism and Communism">Terrorism and Communism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trotsky%27s_military_writings" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotsky's military writings">Trotsky's military writings</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923-1925)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Literature_and_Revolution" title="Literature and Revolution">Literature and Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Course_(Trotsky_book)" title="New Course (Trotsky book)">New Course</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lessons_of_October" title="Lessons of October">Lessons of October</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Towards_Socialism_or_Capitalism%3F" title="Towards Socialism or Capitalism?">Towards Socialism or Capitalism?</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky_on_China" title="Leon Trotsky on China">Leon Trotsky on China</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Revolution" title="History of the Russian Revolution">History of the Russian Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Revolution,_1931-1939_(Trotsky_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spanish Revolution, 1931-1939 (Trotsky book)">The Spanish Revolution, 1931-1939</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931-1939)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Struggle_Against_Fascism_in_Germany" title="The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany">The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany</a></i><span style="font-size:85%;">(1931-40)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_Betrayed" title="The Revolution Betrayed">The Revolution Betrayed</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Their_Morals_and_Ours:_The_class_foundations_of_moral_practice" title="Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice">Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_Agony_of_Capitalism_and_the_Tasks_of_the_Fourth_International" title="The Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International">Transitional Program</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Defence_of_Marxism_(book)" title="In Defence of Marxism (book)">In Defence of Marxism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1942)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thesis_of_Pulacayo" title="Thesis of Pulacayo">Thesis of Pulacayo</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1946)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stalinist_Legacy" title="The Stalinist Legacy">The Stalinist Legacy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1984)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dilemmas_of_Lenin" title="The Dilemmas of Lenin">The Dilemmas of Lenin</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin%27s_rise_to_power" title="Joseph Stalin's rise to power">Joseph Stalin's rise to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Declaration_of_46" title="The Declaration of 46">The Declaration of 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Opposition" title="Left Opposition">Left Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin%27s_Testament" title="Lenin's Testament">Lenin's Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_Vietnam" title="Trotskyism in Vietnam">Trotskyism in Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_of_Soviet_Oppositions" title="Bloc of Soviet Oppositions">Bloc of Soviet Oppositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Turn" title="French Turn">French Turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_general_strike_of_1934" title="Minneapolis general strike of 1934">Minneapolis general strike of 1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_trials" title="Moscow trials">Moscow trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Military_Policy" title="Proletarian Military Policy">Proletarian Military Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Intellectuals" title="New York Intellectuals">New York Intellectuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931969_Japanese_university_protests" title="1968–1969 Japanese university protests">1968–1969 Japanese university protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_Hong_Kong_student_protests" title="1970s Hong Kong student protests">1970s Hong Kong student protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_in_Liverpool" title="Militant in Liverpool">Militant in Liverpool</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"><b>Current</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internationalist_Workers%27_Left_(Greece)" title="Internationalist Workers' Left (Greece)">Internationalist Workers' Left (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">Lutte Ouvrière</a></li> <li>Organisation of Communist Internationalists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit" title="People Before Profit">People Before Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(Hong_Kong)" title="Socialist Action (Hong Kong)">Socialist Action (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(Australia)" title="Socialist Alternative (Australia)">Socialist Alternative (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">Socialist Alternative (U.S.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party (U.S.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(England_and_Wales)" title="Socialist Party (England and Wales)">Socialist Party (England and Wales)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(UK)" title="Socialist Workers Party (UK)">Socialist Workers Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Struggle_Pakistan" title="The Struggle Pakistan">The Struggle Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Unionist_and_Socialist_Coalition" title="Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition">Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Cause_Party" title="Workers' Cause Party">Workers' Cause Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Left_Front" title="Workers' Left Front">Workers' Left Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Revolutionary_Party_(UK)" title="Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)">Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Historical</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevik%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_India,_Ceylon_and_Burma" title="Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma">Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_League_of_America" title="Communist League of America">Communist League of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Marxist_Group" title="International Marxist Group">International Marxist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Organization" title="International Socialist Organization">International Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_for_Socialist_Action_(Canada)" title="League for Socialist Action (Canada)">League for Socialist Action (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party_(UK,_1944)" title="Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1944)">Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party (U.S.)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Socialist_Alliance" title="Young Socialist Alliance">Young Socialist Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Workers Party of the United States">Workers Party of the United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Internationals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"><b>Current</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_a_Workers%27_International_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for a Workers' International (2019)">Committee for a Workers' International (refounded)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_(post-reunification)" title="Fourth International (post-reunification)">Fourth International (post-reunification)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Committee of the Fourth International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_League_(Fourth_Internationalist)" title="International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist)">International Communist League</a></li> <li>International Revolutionary Left</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Alternative" title="International Socialist Alternative">International Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Tendency" title="International Socialist Tendency">International Socialist Tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers_League_%E2%80%93_Fourth_International" title="International Workers League – Fourth International">International Workers' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalist_Communist_Union" title="Internationalist Communist Union">Internationalist Communist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_for_the_Fourth_International" title="League for the Fourth International">League for the Fourth International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_International" title="Revolutionary Communist International">Revolutionary Communist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyist_Fraction_%E2%80%93_Fourth_International" title="Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International">Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Historical</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_a_Workers%27_International_(1974)" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for a Workers' International (1974)">Committee for a Workers' International</a> (1974–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International" title="Fourth International">Fourth International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_Posadist" title="Fourth International Posadist">Fourth International Posadist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Revolution_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Revolution (group)">Permanent Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers_Ferment" title="Revolutionary Workers Ferment">Revolutionary Workers Ferment</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By Country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"><b>Trotskyism in...</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism_in_Argentina" title="Category:Trotskyism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism_in_Australia" title="Category:Trotskyism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism_in_China" title="Category:Trotskyism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism_in_Denmark" title="Category:Trotskyism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_France" title="Trotskyism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism_in_Greece" title="Category:Trotskyism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism_in_Japan" title="Category:Trotskyism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Trotskyism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism_in_Russia" title="Category:Trotskyism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_South_Africa" title="Trotskyism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotskyism in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Trotskyism in the United States">USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Trotskyism in the Soviet Union">USSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_Vietnam" title="Trotskyism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betrayal_thesis" title="Betrayal thesis">Betrayal thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campism" title="Campism">Campism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Marxism" title="Democracy in Marxism">Democracy in Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_International" title="Fifth International">Fifth International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Forest_Tendency" title="Johnson–Forest Tendency">Johnson–Forest Tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky_bibliography" title="Leon Trotsky bibliography">Leon Trotsky bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trotskyist_internationals" title="List of Trotskyist internationals">List of Trotskyist internationals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trotskyist_organizations_by_country" title="List of Trotskyist organizations by country">List of Trotskyist organizations by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Marxism" title="Orthodox Marxism">Orthodox Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shachtmanism" title="Shachtmanism">Shachtmanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Socialist Equality Party (disambiguation)">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Worker" title="Socialist Worker">Socialist Worker</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #CC0000; border-bottom:none;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/16px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/24px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/32px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trotskyism" title="Template:Trotskyism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trotskyism" title="Template talk:Trotskyism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trotskyism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trotskyism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>International Committee of the Fourth International</b> (<b>ICFI</b>) is a public faction of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_International" title="Fourth International">Fourth International</a> founded in 1953. Today, two <a href="/wiki/Trotskyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotskyist">Trotskyist</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Trotskyist_internationals" title="List of Trotskyist internationals">internationals</a> claim to be the continuations of the ICFI; one with sections named <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Socialist Equality Party (disambiguation)">Socialist Equality Party</a> (SEP) which publishes the <a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site" title="World Socialist Web Site">World Socialist Web Site</a>, and another linked to the <a href="/wiki/Workers_Revolutionary_Party_(UK)" title="Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)">Workers Revolutionary Party</a> in the UK. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foundation">Foundation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The International Committee originated as a public faction of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_International" title="Fourth International">Fourth International</a>. It was formed in 1953 by a number of national sections of the FI that disagreed with the course of the <a href="/wiki/International_Secretariat_of_the_Fourth_International" class="mw-redirect" title="International Secretariat of the Fourth International">International Secretariat of the Fourth International</a> led at that time by <a href="/wiki/Michel_Pablo" title="Michel Pablo">Michel Pablo</a> (Raptis) and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Mandel" title="Ernest Mandel">Ernest Mandel</a> (Germain). The Committee was co-ordinated by the American section, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Workers Party (US)">Socialist Workers Party</a> (SWP), and included the British section led by <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Healy" title="Gerry Healy">Gerry Healy</a> and Pierre Lambert's <a href="/wiki/Internationalist_Communist_Party_(France)" title="Internationalist Communist Party (France)">Internationalist Communist Party</a> (PCI) in France. Trotskyist groups in various other countries, notably in Switzerland, China, Canada and <a href="/wiki/Nahuel_Moreno" title="Nahuel Moreno">Nahuel Moreno</a>'s group in Argentina, also joined. </p><p>The grouping's founding statement was an <a href="/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a> of the National Committee of the SWP which outlined the disputes it had with Pablo's faction within the <a href="/wiki/International_Secretariat_of_the_Fourth_International" class="mw-redirect" title="International Secretariat of the Fourth International">International Secretariat of the Fourth International</a>. It reiterated what it saw as the basic principles of Trotskyism and described the direction of the "Pabloite" faction as "revisionist", claiming that this threatened the survival of the Fourth International, the liquidation of the Trotskyist program and definite steps taken towards its organisational liquidation. As an example, the letter explained that Pablo expelled a majority of the French section of the International, because they disagreed with the International's policy of working within the Stalinist <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">Communist Party of France</a>. This policy was described as one of entrism sui generis, <a href="/wiki/Entryism" title="Entryism">entryism</a> of a special kind, in which the Trotskyists were to join the Stalinist or Socialist mass parties with a long term perspective of working within them. </p><p>Some <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060712014625/http://www.fifthinternational.org/LFIfiles/dafich2.html">critics</a> of the Open Letter counter that the SWP and their co-thinkers in <a href="/wiki/The_Club_(Trotskyist)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Club (Trotskyist)">The Club</a> had failed to defend the French majority against Pablo, and that they had shared the 1951 perspectives of International on war-revolutions and the need for deep entryism in the Communist Parties. The Club's entryism into the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> in Britain resembled entrism sui generis. However, Pablo aimed for the FI to implement entryism more deeply than the leaders of the ICFI felt wise: They were also concerned by Pablo preparedness to enforce entrism, if necessary by splitting sections or appointing new leadership teams. </p><p>The Open Letter went on to explain that, in the SWP's view, what it described as Pabloite Revisionism was the result of a lack of confidence in the revolutionary capabilities of the <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> and an impressionistic, overly positive, assessment of the strength and prospects of Stalinism. Pablo had, in 1951, argued that the transition between capitalism and socialism will probably take several centuries. The supporters of the Open Letter read this to suggest there would be "centuries of <a href="/wiki/Deformed_workers_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Deformed workers states">deformed workers states</a>", and this phrase is often mistaken attributed to Pablo or to his formulation of what was called the war-revolution thesis. </p><p>The ICFI saw this as an abandonment of the principles that Trotsky fought for since the rise of Hitler and the consequent establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_International" title="Fourth International">Fourth International</a>. The founders of the ICFI wanted the International to maintain its organizational independence as the world party of the working-class, asserting that Pablo's policies would leave them an adjunct of the Stalinists. His faction's heavy-handed tactics of removing members who disagreed with his radical revisions made compromise appear impossible. </p><p>An excerpt from the concluding part of the "Open Letter" reads: </p><p>"To sum up: The lines of cleavage between Pablo’s revisionism and orthodox Trotskyism are so deep that no compromise is possible either politically or organizationally. The Pablo faction has demonstrated that it will not permit democratic decisions truly reflecting majority opinion to be reached. They demand complete submission to their criminal policy. They are determined to drive all orthodox Trotskyists out of the Fourth International or to muzzle and handcuff them." </p><p>"Their scheme has been to inject their Stalinist conciliationism piecemeal and likewise in piecemeal fashion, get rid of those who come to see what is happening and raise objections." </p><p>Linked below is a history of the founding of the ICFI and the "Open Letter". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1953–1963"><span id="1953.E2.80.931963"></span>1953–1963</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1953–1963"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the eyes of the ICFI, Pabloite <a href="/wiki/Entryism_sui_generis" class="mw-redirect" title="Entryism sui generis">entryism sui generis</a> meant <a href="/wiki/Liquidationism" title="Liquidationism">liquidationism</a> or a permanent dissolution into the Communist Party in every country. After the ICFI withdrew from the FI in 1953, many sections of the ISFI entered communist parties. However, it later became clear that the sections of the ISFI did not dissolve, or enter permanently. Nevertheless, the ISFI's political trajectory led its sections to mistakes as well as, in one case, participation in bourgeois governments when the <a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a> (LSSP) entered the government of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Ceylon</a> and was expelled from the International. The ICFI sees similar pressures at work now: describing as "Pabloites" those former Trotskysists who today are enforcing IMF dictates in Brazil as members of the <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a> government. </p><p>Some sections of the ICFI have practiced temporary entryist policies, but continually emphasized to their membership that this was a short-term move. They maintained, however, the principle that only the Fourth International, as a consciously Marxist organization of the working class can lead the world revolution. </p><p>The SWP, partly because of <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a> and politically repressive laws, found it hard to cooperate on a world scale in a democratic centralist International. The first conference could not take place until 1958, and the SWP officially only acted as observers at the event, being prevented from affiliating to the ICFI by US law<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>As early as the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution</a>, the leadership of the American SWP was beginning to show signs of convergence with the developing political line of the organisations grouped in the <a href="/wiki/ISFI" class="mw-redirect" title="ISFI">ISFI</a>. The disappearance of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Union_of_America" title="Socialist Union of America">Socialist Union of America</a>, the American affiliate of the ISFI, removed one such barrier to a political reunion. Ever greater agreement with regard to the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian War of Independence">Algerian War of Independence</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> of 1959 also brought the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">SWP</a> and the ISFI closer together. Meanwhile, inside the ISFI, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Pablo" title="Michel Pablo">Pablo</a> had lost much of his political influence, removing yet another barrier to reunification. In 1962, the ICFI and ISFI formed a Parity Committee to organise a World Congress of the two factions. </p><p>ISFI and the leadership of SWP revised the basic Trotskyist principle that only a conscious Marxist leadership can ensure a successful socialist revolution. Instead they argued that "unconscious Trotskyists" would come to power in colonized countries as well as within the Stalinist bureaucracies. It was no longer necessary to build a mass Trotskyist party. Anyone who opposed these conceptions was silenced or expelled, breaking with the basic Leninist principle of inner-party democracy. </p><p>In 1963 the SWP and the smaller Swiss, Canadian, Chinese and Latin American sections of the ICFI agreed to reunite with the ISFI at the World Congress, to form the <a href="/wiki/Reunified_Fourth_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunified Fourth International">United Secretariat of the Fourth International</a>. </p><p>This was immediately opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tendency_(SWP)" title="Revolutionary Tendency (SWP)">Revolutionary Tendency</a> of the SWP, and by the SLL in Britain and the PCI in France, as well as many orthodox Trotskyists throughout the world. Those currents still valued the political lessons learned from the 1953 split. They saw the SWP's decision as an abandonment of the most basic principles of the Fourth International, and of Trotskyism, and as an attempt to ingratiate itself to the growing middle class protest movement in the United States. </p><p>The RT, SLL and PCI argued that the anti-war movement in the US contained the same types of people the Pabloites had sought to attract during the mass exodus of people from the Stalinist Parties after the revelations of Stalin's atrocities in the 1950s. They called this "opportunism" because it represented what they saw as a revision of Marxism for the sake of attracting new members from the radicalizing middle class. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1963–1971"><span id="1963.E2.80.931971"></span>1963–1971</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1963–1971"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the SWP, as well as within the rest of the ICFI, an opposition to the reunification came together. Some of the Latin American sections of the ICFI also left the ICFI to join the USFI, allowing the SWP and its allies to claim that a majority of the sections of the ICFI had joined the USFI. In the eyes of the ICFI, the Latin American sections had adopted Pabloism and were dependent on their connections to the SWP. </p><p>Within the SWP, some members who had studied the meaning of the 1953 split opposed the reunification. These were gathered around <a href="/wiki/Tim_Wohlforth" title="Tim Wohlforth">Tim Wohlforth</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Robertson_(Trotskyist)" title="James Robertson (Trotskyist)">James Robertson</a> in the Revolutionary Tendency. They echoed the SWPs Open Letter, arguing that the leaders' turn to Pabloism coincided with the introduction of Stalinist ideas, followed by an expulsion of those members who exposed the leadership's lack of principles. The SWP had supported the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>. However, Robertson's followers embarrassed Wohlforth and the SLL by suggesting that the SWP could not be saved. With Wohlforth laying the evidentiary basis for claims of "party disloyalty" the RT leaders were expelled from the party, forming Spartacist. </p><p>Wohlforth now led a Reorganized Minority Tendency until the tiny group of 9 people was also expelled from the SWP early in the fall of 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-PC123_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PC123-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wohlforth and his associates went on to found the <a href="/wiki/American_Committee_for_the_Fourth_International" class="mw-redirect" title="American Committee for the Fourth International">American Committee for the Fourth International</a>, the official organ of which was a bimonthly <a href="/wiki/Mimeograph" title="Mimeograph">mimeographed</a> publication, the <i>Bulletin of International Socialism,</i> launched on September 24, 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Fourth International had split in 1953 the <a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a> of Sri Lanka (LSSP) refused to take any side and maintained contacts with both the ISFI and ICFI while arguing for a joint congress. After the ISFI criticised the LSSP's parliamentary tactics in 1960, the LSSP was the notable absence from the ISFI's 1961 World Congress. In 1964, the LSSP joined the bourgeois government of Sri Lanka, which the ICFI and USFI condemned as betraying Trotskyist principles. The ICFI and USFI no longer considered the LSSP a Trotskyist party at that point, and encouraged <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan</a> Trotskyists to leave that party. Some time later a new organization, the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_League_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary Communist League (Sri Lanka)">Revolutionary Communist League</a> was formed out of the left wing which split from the LSSP to form the <a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party_(Revolutionary)" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary)">Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary)</a>. </p><p>In 1966, a "third world conference" of the ICFI occurred in England. Delegates were present from the SLL, Lambert's PCI and Loukas Karliaftis’s Greek organisation, which had joined the IC in 1964. Michel Varga, a PCI member, represented the exile Hungarian League of Revolutionary Socialists, which he had founded in 1962. Two groups from the US sent delegates: that of <a href="/wiki/Tim_Wohlforth" title="Tim Wohlforth">Tim Wohlforth</a> and that of <a href="/wiki/James_Robertson_(Trotskyist)" title="James Robertson (Trotskyist)">James Robertson</a>. Observers came from a group in French-speaking Africa, a small group in Germany later to form the Bund Sozialistischer Arbeiter, and individuals who had left USFI sections in Ceylon and Denmark. Non-voting observers came from <a href="/wiki/Voix_Ouvri%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Voix Ouvrière">Voix Ouvrière</a> and a <a href="/wiki/State_capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="State capitalist">state capitalist</a> tendency in Japan. </p><p>One result of this Congress was the expulsion of the Spartacist tendency after the failure of Robertson to attend a conference session. Robertson said this was due to exhaustion; the IC argued that Roberton's alleged refusal to apologise reflected a rejection of communist methods, and he was asked to leave. The Spartacists would go on to form the <a href="/wiki/International_Spartacist_Tendency" class="mw-redirect" title="International Spartacist Tendency">International Spartacist Tendency</a>. The ICFI now claims that the Sparticists were never interested in an agreement, and desired to go off in their own direction. </p><p>If the Sparticists did not desire to break off into their own organization, the ICFI now argues, a misunderstanding at the conference could have been solved. The ICFI also says the Sparticists are nationalist in their orientation, refusing to be controlled by an international organization, as well as supporting politically affirmative action, <a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">black nationalism</a>, Stalinist regimes and denying the existence of globalization.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the wake of the 1966 congress, pressures started to build between the SLL and PCI. The Congress did not attempt to present the ICFI as 'the Fourth International', rather it positioned the IC as a force that defended what it saw as the political continuity of Trotskyism and called for the 'rebuilding and reconstruction of the Fourth International'. The PCI came to feel that the SLL was ultimatistic, because the SLL argued that the programme of the IC had to be the basis for further revolutionary organisation. The PCI's differences were reflected in its openness to the Algerian MNA and the Bolivian POR. Early in 1967 the PCI changed its name to <a href="/wiki/Organisation_Communiste_Internationaliste" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation Communiste Internationaliste">Organisation Communiste Internationaliste</a> (OCI), a move that also suggested the OCI's greater modesty. By May 1967, the OCI argued that the IC was not functioning well, and that key decisions of the 1966 conferences "remained dead letters". It argued: "The SLL has had its own international activity, so has the OCI. Germany and Eastern Europe have remained the 'private hunting-grounds' of the OCI...". </p><p>By the late 1960s all far left tendencies were growing and the ICFI was no exception. Increased membership, cheaper airflights and phone contact also allowed contacts to become more regular overseas. In this way the ICFI was able to grow in Sri Lanka. New sections appeared in Germany, in 1971, and Ireland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1971–1985"><span id="1971.E2.80.931985"></span>1971–1985</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1971–1985"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The OCI and its supporters around the ICFI left the ICFI in 1971. This reflected growing differences, primarily over the OCI's support for the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers%27_Party_(Spain)" title="Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)">Partido Obrero Revolucionario</a> (POR) and the SLL's emphasis on Marxist philosophy in the training of its newer members. </p><p>Both the SLL and OCI were at this point developing connection to Trotskyists in other countries, but in different ways. </p> <ul><li>The OCI had sought to bring the Bolivian POR into the ICFI. In addition to these groups the OCI was cultivating the exiled <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_League_of_Revolutionary_Socialists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian League of Revolutionary Socialists (page does not exist)">Hungarian League of Revolutionary Socialists</a> (LRSH) led by <a href="/wiki/Michel_Varga" title="Michel Varga">Michel Varga</a>, a former leader of the students during the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a> and of the German Socialist Workers League (BSA). Moreover, the Argentine <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Argentina)" title="Workers' Party (Argentina)">Workers' Policy</a> group led by <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Altamira" title="Jorge Altamira">Jorge Altamira</a> was close to the OCI. In general, the OCI rejected the strident point of view of the SLL important to educate the newer members on the philosophical underpinnings of Marxism. The OCI advocated a more measured approach. More importantly, differences over the actual development of the revolution, especially in Latin America forced the break between the OCI and SLL. Almost all of the ICFI in Latin America went to the new pro-OCI international tendency leaving the SLL supporters there with only a handful of members, notably in Bolivia and Peru. The SLL took the majority of the ICFI in Greece which went on to build a very influential organization in that country under the <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967–1974">Colonels</a>.</li> <li>The SLL claims, on the other hand were looking to bring newer forces into the ICFI that shared its approach: in the shape of the <a href="/wiki/League_for_a_Workers_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="League for a Workers Republic">League for a Workers Republic</a> in Ireland and the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_League_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary Communist League (Sri Lanka)">Revolutionary Communist League</a> of Ceylon, in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Workers_League_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers League (US)">Workers League</a> in the USA. The SLL fought to make <a href="/wiki/Dialectical_materialism" title="Dialectical materialism">dialectical materialism</a> the cornerstone of its political approach.</li></ul> <p>The contest between the two political lines could not last and in 1971 the OCI and its allies would leave the ICFI to form their own international tendency, which later became known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organising_Committee_for_the_Reconstruction_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organising Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International (page does not exist)">Organising Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International</a>. In 1979 it fused with a grouping led by <a href="/wiki/Nahuel_Moreno" title="Nahuel Moreno">Nahuel Moreno</a>. The ICFI later considered this a major tragedy, stemming from the relative inexperience of the majority of the members entering into revolutionary politics during a revolutionary upsurge of the international working class. The OCI and the OCRFI considered the ICFI to be an ossicifed political sect incapable of growing beyond their 'mother' section in the UK. The OCRFI in fact outpaced the ICFI in growth from then on. Some members of OCI continued to support the ICFI, however, which allowed the ICFI to regain a very small foothold in French politics. Some members of the SLL continued to support the OCI, later the PCI as it became known and set up the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labour_Group" title="Socialist Labour Group">Socialist Labour Group</a> in Britain, affiliated with the OCRFI and defending their positions. It was joined shortly afterward by the above-mentioned League for a Workers Republic in Ireland, further depleting the ICFI ranks. </p><p>Delegates from eight countries attended the fourth world conference of the IC in April 1972. In conjunction with a massive growth in membership and preparations for what they believed would be "mass influence", the SLL renamed itself the <a href="/wiki/Workers_Revolutionary_Party_(UK)" title="Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)">Workers Revolutionary Party</a> in 1974 and remained a part of the ICFI along with affiliated sections in Ireland, Greece, Germany, Spain, Australia, the USA, Ceylon and Peru. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_and_the_Fourth_International">Security and the Fourth International</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Security and the Fourth International"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the middle of the 1970s, two leaders of the ICFI group in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Workers_League_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers League (US)">Workers' League</a>, developed political differences with the majority: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Wohlforth" title="Tim Wohlforth">Tim Wohlforth</a> and Nancy Fields, his partner. A number of political and organisational disputes unfolded, which the ICFI described as a series of disruptions and expulsions animated by Fields. It was brought to the attention of the Workers' League's Central Committee that Fields' uncle had worked for the CIA's computer division, and it criticized the fact that neither Fields nor Wohlforth had revealed that to the League. Fields and Wohlforth had denied that Fields had connections with state agencies. In August 1974, the League's central committee suspended Fields from membership and removed Wohlforth as national secretary pending a commission of inquiry, in a unanimous vote that included Wohlforth's. Both left the League and eventually joined the SWP for a few years. An investigation conducted by the Workers' League concluded that Fields did not have connections to the CIA and the two were requested to resume their membership. However, they refused. </p><p>Wohlforth wrote an extended attack on the International Committee in <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Press" title="Intercontinental Press">Intercontinental Press</a>. Intercontinental Press began a campaign denouncing the ICFI for the Wohlforth incident, with its editor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hansen_(socialist)" title="Joseph Hansen (socialist)">Joseph Hansen</a> writing that the concern over security indicated "paranoia" on the part of the IC's central leader, Gerry Healy. The ICFI thought this reaction was surprising, given the role that state infiltration had played in the Trotskyist movement, including in the assassination of Trotsky. In addition, this came only a few years after the revelations of the US government's <a href="/wiki/Cointelpro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cointelpro">Cointelpro</a> program, in which the FBI illegally infiltrated many groups and political parties and conducted provocations against opponents of the war in Vietnam. From 1961 to 1976, fifty-five FBI informants held SWP offices or committee positions and fifty-one served on executive committees of the party. </p><p>In May 1975, the sixth congress of the ICFI initiated a "Security and the Fourth International" investigation into "the circumstances surrounding the assassination of Leon Trotsky". By mid-1977, the Security campaign used publicly available government documents, and court testimony by Soviet agents tried in the United States, to allege that some leading figures of the American SWP, including a figure close to Leon Trotsky, were agents of the US or USSR governments. They noted that <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hansen_(socialist)" title="Joseph Hansen (socialist)">Joseph Hansen</a> had met FBI agents numerous times over a number of months in 1940 to give them information about <a href="/wiki/Stalinists" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinists">Stalinists</a> in the US alleged to have participated in the assassination of Trotsky, and claimed that this was done without the knowledge of the Trotskyist movement. FBI documents describing these meetings were published by the Workers League. Hansen claimed that this contact had been agreed by the SWP's leadership. <a href="/wiki/Felix_Morrow" title="Felix Morrow">Felix Morrow</a>, who had been an SWP leader in 1940, said in 1975 that he thought that the SWP would not have authorised Hansen's meetings. The ICFI concluded that the documents, along with FBI documents suggesting that Hansen had met with a recruiter for the Stalinist <a href="/wiki/State_Political_Directorate" title="State Political Directorate">GPU</a> two years before Trotsky's assassination, and his refusal to answer questions put, showed that Hansen was a government agent. </p><p>The investigation intensified in 1978 after the decision by the SWP leadership to warn Alan Gelfand, a lawyer who had joined the SWP late in 1975, just after the start of the 'Security' Campaign. In 1977 and 1978 Gelfand asked questions concerning the Workers League's charges inside the SWP. In March 1978, Gelfand was warned by the local executive committee against publicly questioning the leadership of the SWP. Rather than attempt to answer Gelfand's concerns, the political committee considered the raising of these questions as a slander against Hansen, and warned Gelfand in April 1978 that he would be disciplined if he continued to seek answers. </p><p>In December 1978, Gelfand took the US Government to court: his brief summarised the Workers League's charges and demanded that the US government name its informers in the SWP. The SWP expelled him the following month, leading Gelfand to take both the US Government and the SWP to court, arguing that since those expelling him were, in his opinion, agents of the US government, his civil liberties were being infringed upon by the US Government. </p><p>The ICFI came to Gelfand's aid and, in the course of the trial, made many claims about US government infiltration into the SWP as part of <a href="/wiki/CoIntelPro" class="mw-redirect" title="CoIntelPro">CoIntelPro</a> and earlier. The ICFI also wanted to investigate infiltration by the USSR, considering the resources that the Stalinists had devoted to infiltrating and physically destroying the Fourth International culminating in the murders of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Wolfe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Wolfe (page does not exist)">Erwin Wolfe</a> in Spain, <a href="/wiki/Lev_Sedov" title="Lev Sedov">Lev Sedov</a> in France, and <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> in Mexico. It had been known that the murderer of Trotsky had been a boyfriend of one of his secretaries, who was introduced to her by a Stalinist agent in France. The investigation of the ICFI later revealed that Cannon's secretary, <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Callen" title="Sylvia Callen">Sylvia Callen</a>, had been a Stalinist informer working through the <a href="/wiki/CPUSA" class="mw-redirect" title="CPUSA">CPUSA</a>, and had been formerly married to a KGB agent, a fact that was confirmed by Grand Jury testimony. (See External link to FBI file on Jack Soble, at bottom of this page.) The judge in the Gelfand case only released the grand jury testimony after the case had been closed. </p><p>The ICFI's investigation into the SWP and defense of Alan Gelfand was opposed by almost all Trotskyist groups: no current outside the ICFI supported it. Most Trotskyist organisations joined forces to defend the SWP leadership, including the <a href="/wiki/Reunified_Fourth_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunified Fourth International">United Secretariat of the Fourth International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lambert" title="Pierre Lambert">Pierre Lambert</a>'s OCI, <a href="/wiki/Nahuel_Moreno" title="Nahuel Moreno">Nahuel Moreno</a>'s PST, Robertson's <a href="/wiki/Spartacist_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartacist League">Spartacist League</a>, the Chinese RCP, <a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">Lutte Ouvrière</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Revolutionary Workers Party (Sri Lanka)">Revolutionary Workers Party</a> in Sri Lanka and the SWP united to brand it "a Shameless Frame-up".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Workers' Revolutionary Party left the ICFI in 1985, WRP secretary <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Slaughter" title="Cliff Slaughter">Cliff Slaughter</a> also repudiated the investigation. </p><p>Both sides claimed that the other had no factual detail to support its charges: The ICFI argues that the defense of the SWP leadership, and the charge that the ICFI's campaign was a 'frame up,' are slanders against Workers' League without factual backing. Those who supported the SWP against the ICFI argued that it was a breach of socialist principals to bring the courts into the labour movement, (although the ICFI did not bring the courts in, a supporter of the ICFI who was in the SWP did) and that the ICFI's charge that the SWP was controlled by agents of the US and Soviet states to be groundless. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1985–present"><span id="1985.E2.80.93present"></span>1985–present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1985–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>By the end of the 1970s, the revolutionary upsurge of the 1960s and 1970s had subsided. Membership of the ICFI fell, and the WRP leadership was not prepared. It entered into alliances with nationalist leaders in the under-developed countries. </p><p>This aroused the consternation of some members throughout the ICFI. The WRP had gained members and prominence in Great Britain, but the leadership increasingly went its own way against the ICFI as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This conflict erupted in the mid-1980s and ended with the disintegration of the WRP. The various currents of the WRP attempted to found their own ICFIs each claiming to be the official one, yet they did not break with their old policies systematically and won no new international support. They disintegrated, and as of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, only two active ICFIs survives, one led by <a href="/wiki/David_North_(Socialist)" class="mw-redirect" title="David North (Socialist)">David North</a> of what was then known as the <a href="/wiki/Workers_League_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers League (US)">Workers' League</a> in the United States. North and his supporters gained the allegiance of half of the remaining national sections, with the Greek, Spanish and Peruvian sections splitting and the German, Australian, and Sri Lankan sections, as well as a fraternal grouping in Ecuador, supporting North. The other ICFI is based on the surviving group that still holds the name of WRP and refers to itself as the British section of an ICFI, with other sections in Russia/Ukraine, Sri Lanka and Greece. The Russian section is called the Workers Revolutionary League which is the Soviet section of the ICFI and has members in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. (Source 'Marxist Review' September 2008 Volume 23 Issue Number 8) </p><p>Anticipating an outbreak of US militarism after the collapse of the USSR,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ICFI associated with the SEP prepared for a new radicalization of the working class. For this reason, its sections reorganised into Socialist Equality Parties throughout the world. </p><p>After a year of internal discussion,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1998 the ICFI launched the <a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site" title="World Socialist Web Site">World Socialist Web Site</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_sections_(SEPs)"><span id="Current_sections_.28SEPs.29"></span>Current sections (SEPs)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Current sections (SEPs)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> - <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(Australia)" title="Socialist Equality Party (Australia)">Socialist Equality Party (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> - Socialist Equality Party (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> - <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Equality Party (France)">Socialist Equality Party (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> - <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(Germany)" title="Socialist Equality Party (Germany)">Socialist Equality Party (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> - <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Socialist Equality Party (Sri Lanka)">Socialist Equality Party (Sri Lanka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> - Socialist Equality Group<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> - Socialist Equality Party (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> - <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party (United States)</a></li></ul> <p><b>There are also groups working to build SEPs in other countries:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> - Socialist Equality Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> - ICFI / WSWS Supporters - India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> - Socialist Equality Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> - Socialist Equality Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> - Marxist Voice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> - ICFI / WSWS Supporters - Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> - Young Guard of the Bolshevik-Leninists</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_publications">Major publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/IML/heritage/heritage_full.html">"The Heritage We Defend"</a>, a review of the postwar history of the Fourth International, by David North.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/IML/fi_vol13_no1/fi_vol13_no1_index.html">How the WRP Betrayed Trotskyism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918063920/https://www.wsws.org/en/IML/fi_vol13_no1/fi_vol13_no1_index.html">Archived</a> 2017-09-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/IML/fi_vol13_no2/fi_vol13_no2_index.html">The ICFI Defends Trotskyism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917213957/https://www.wsws.org/en/IML/fi_vol13_no2/fi_vol13_no2_index.html">Archived</a> 2017-09-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><i>Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 1: The Fight Against Pabloism In The Fourth International</i> (1974) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902030-54-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-902030-54-X">0-902030-54-X</a>, this volume contains documents from the period leading up to the 1953 split in the Fourth International and includes <a href="/wiki/James_P_Cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="James P Cannon">James P Cannon's</a> Open Letter.</li> <li><i>Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 2: The Split In The Fourth International</i> (1974) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902030-55-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-902030-55-8">0-902030-55-8</a>, this volume contains documents from the 1953 split in the Fourth International.</li> <li><i>Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 3: The Socialist Workers Party's Road back to Pabloism</i> (1974) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902030-56-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-902030-56-6">0-902030-56-6</a>, this volume contains documents from the struggle within the International Committee against the turn by the most of its sections towards reunification with the <a href="/wiki/Reunified_Fourth_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunified Fourth International">International Secretariat</a>.</li> <li><i>Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 4: The International Committee Against Liquidationism</i> (1974) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902030-57-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-902030-57-4">0-902030-57-4</a>, this volume contains documents from the 1963 reunification of most of the ICFI with the <a href="/wiki/Reunified_Fourth_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunified Fourth International">United Secretariat</a>.</li> <li><i>Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 5: The Fight for the Continuity of the Fourth International</i> (1975) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902030-72-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-902030-72-8">0-902030-72-8</a>, this volume contains documents from the 1966 World Congress of the ICFI.</li> <li><i>Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 6: The Organisation Communiste Internationaliste Breaks with Trotskyism</i> (1975) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902030-73-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-902030-73-6">0-902030-73-6</a>, this volume contains documents relating to the 1971 split by the <a href="/wiki/Internationalist_Communist_Organisation" title="Internationalist Communist Organisation">French Organization Communiste Internationaliste (OCI)</a> with the ICFI.</li> <li><i>Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 7: The Fourth International and the Renegade Wohlforth</i> (1984), this volume contains documents from the political struggle waged within the <a href="/wiki/Workers_League_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers League (US)">Workers League</a> against <a href="/wiki/Tim_Wohlforth" title="Tim Wohlforth">Tim Wohlforth</a>, who deserted his post as national secretary in 1973.</li> <li><i>Marxism, Opportunism and the Balkan Crisis: Statement of the International Committee of the Fourth International</i> (1994) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929087-69-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-929087-69-0">0-929087-69-0</a></li> <li><i>Globalization and the International Working Class: A Marxist Assessment</i> (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-81-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-81-8">978-0-929087-81-8</a>, the ICFI analysis of the globalization of the world economy and its impact to the working class movement.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Posadism">Posadism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PC123-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PC123_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Wohlforth, <i>The Prophet's Children: Travels on the American Left.</i> Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1994; pg. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wohlforth, <i>The Prophet's Children,</i> pg. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1998/01/glob-j04.html">"The Significance and Implications of Globalisation"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>. 4 January 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=The+Significance+and+Implications+of+Globalisation&rft.date=1998-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F1998%2F01%2Fglob-j04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Committee+of+the+Fourth+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030306075611/http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/document/swp-us/verdict.htm">"The Verdict: A Shameless Frame-up!"</a>. <i>www.marxists.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/document/swp-us/verdict.htm">the original</a> on 6 March 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.marxists.org&rft.atitle=The+Verdict%3A+A+Shameless+Frame-up%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Fhistory%2Fetol%2Fdocument%2Fswp-us%2Fverdict.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Committee+of+the+Fourth+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorth1982" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">North, David (7 October 1982). "A Contribution to a Critique of G. Healy's "Studies in Dialectical Materialism"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Fourth International</i>. 13, No.2 (Autumn 1986): 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fourth+International&rft.atitle=A+Contribution+to+a+Critique+of+G.+Healy%27s+%22Studies+in+Dialectical+Materialism%22&rft.volume=13%2C+No.2&rft.issue=Autumn+1986&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1982-10-07&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Committee+of+the+Fourth+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/special/library/foundations-uk/38.html">"The Historical and International Foundations of the Socialist Equality Party (Britain)"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=The+Historical+and+International+Foundations+of+the+Socialist+Equality+Party+%28Britain%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Fspecial%2Flibrary%2Ffoundations-uk%2F38.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Committee+of+the+Fourth+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/special/library/fi-18-1/02.html">"Oppose Imperialist War and Colonialism! Manifesto of the International Committee of the Fourth International on 1 May 1991"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>. May 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=Oppose+Imperialist+War+and+Colonialism%21+Manifesto+of+the+International+Committee+of+the+Fourth+International+on+1+May+1991&rft.date=1991-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Fspecial%2Flibrary%2Ffi-18-1%2F02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Committee+of+the+Fourth+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorth2022" class="citation web cs1">North, David (February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/02/01/dnor-f01.html">"The fight for Trotskyism and the political foundations of the World Socialist Web Site"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=The+fight+for+Trotskyism+and+the+political+foundations+of+the+World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.date=2022-02&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2022%2F02%2F01%2Fdnor-f01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Committee+of+the+Fourth+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/06/27/truk-j27.html">"A historic advance in the fight for Trotskyism: The International Committee of the Fourth International accepts application of the Sosyalist Eşitlik Grubu to become its section in Turkey"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>. International Committee of the Fourth International. 27 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=A+historic+advance+in+the+fight+for+Trotskyism%3A+The+International+Committee+of+the+Fourth+International+accepts+application+of+the+Sosyalist+E%C5%9Fitlik+Grubu+to+become+its+section+in+Turkey&rft.date=2022-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2022%2F06%2F27%2Ftruk-j27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Committee+of+the+Fourth+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/document/swp-us/doc01.htm">The 'Open Letter' to Trotskyists Throughout the World</a> SWP resolution, 1953</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/frank/works/march/app01.htm">For Early Reunification of the World Trotskyist Movement</a> SWP resolution, 1963</li> <li>David North, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/nov2003/her1-n15.shtml">The Founding of the ICFI</a></li> <li>David North, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/nov2003/her2-n15.shtml">About Cannon's Open Letter</a></li> <li>David North, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/IML/archive.shtml#anchor3">The 1985 Split</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100412202109/http://www.wsws.org/IML/archive.shtml#anchor3">Archived</a> 2010-04-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>David North, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mehring.com/showBook.php?book_id=WL_FOUNDING_SEP">The Workers' League becomes the Socialist Equality Party</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wsws.org/">World Socialist Web Site</a> Published by the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://annotatedlife.blogspot.com/2006/07/excerpt-from-gelfand-case.html">"Gelfand's Open Letter to the SWP leadership"</a></li> <li><i>Gelfand Case: A Legal History of the Exposure of US Government Agents in the Leadership of the Socialist Workers Party</i> by Alan Gelfand (1985), Vol. 1 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-02-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-02-3">978-0-929087-02-3</a>, Vol. 2 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-03-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-03-0">978-0-929087-03-0</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/Jack%20Soble/Jack%20Soble%20Part%201%20of%2011/view">FBI file on Jack Soble, GPU agent</a> References to GPU assassin Zborowski begin on page 17 (also at top of page 41); references to "SOFIE" (a.k.a. Sylvia Franklin) who acted as Trotsky's secretary in Coyoacán, begin near the bottom of page 27 to page 28, also on pages 49 to 50.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Banda" title="Michael Banda">Michael Banda</a> <small>(1978—1985)</small></li> <li>Gerry Healy <small>(1985—1987)</small></li> <li>Sheila Torrance <small>(1987—present)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(UK)" title="Solidarity (UK)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Socialist_League" title="Workers' Socialist League">Workers' Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labour_Group" title="Socialist Labour Group">Socialist Labour Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Philosophic_Science_Review" title="Economic and Philosophic Science Review">Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Socialism_(Britain)" title="Movement for Socialism (Britain)">Workers' Revolutionary Party (Workers Press)</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Communist_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Forum">Communist Forum</a>, International Socialist League and <a href="/wiki/Workers_International_to_Rebuild_the_Fourth_International" title="Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International">Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_International_League_(1985)" title="Workers' International League (1985)">Workers' International League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Equality Party (UK)">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_Party" title="Marxist Party">Marxist Party</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Communist_League_(UK,_1990)" title="Communist League (UK, 1990)">Communist League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Progress_Party" title="Peace and Progress Party">Peace and Progress Party</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Parties_and_Organizations_(Unity_%26_Struggle)" title="International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle)">International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Coordination_of_Revolutionary_Parties_and_Organizations" title="International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations">International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trotskyist_internationals" title="List of Trotskyist internationals">Trotskyist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_a_Workers%27_International_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for a Workers' 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Alternative">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Tendency" title="International Socialist Tendency">IST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers_League_%E2%80%93_Fourth_International" title="International Workers League – Fourth International">IWL-FI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_for_the_Fourth_International" title="League for the Fourth International">LFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_for_the_Fifth_International" title="League for the Fifth International">L5I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_International" title="Revolutionary Communist International">RCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyist_Fraction_%E2%80%93_Fourth_International" title="Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International">TF-FI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_International_to_Rebuild_the_Fourth_International" title="Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International">WIRFI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COPPPAL" title="COPPPAL">COPPPAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_League_of_Peoples%27_Struggle" title="International League of Peoples' Struggle">International League of Peoples' Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWA%E2%80%93AIT" title="IWA–AIT">International Workers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Forum" title="São Paulo Forum">São Paulo Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Anti-Imperialist_Platform" title="World Anti-Imperialist Platform">World Anti-Imperialist Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Movement" title="World Socialist Movement">World Socialist Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanist_International" title="Humanist International">Humanist International</a> (<a href="/wiki/Humanist_Movement" title="Humanist Movement">Universal Humanist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanists_International" title="Humanists International">Humanists International</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Libertarian_Parties" title="International Alliance of Libertarian Parties">International Alliance of Libertarian Parties</a> (<a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monarchist_League" title="International Monarchist League">International Monarchist League</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Parties_International" title="Pirate Parties International">Pirate Parties International</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Ecological_Parties" title="World Ecological Parties">World Ecological Parties</a> (<a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Ecologist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Europe" title="Young Europe">Young Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federal_Labour_Party" title="West Indies Federal Labour Party">West Indies Federal Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="West Indies Democratic Labour Party">West Indies Democratic Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">First International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_St._Imier_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist St. Imier International">Anarchist St. Imier International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Working_People%27s_Association" title="International Working People's Association">Black International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_International" title="Second International">Second International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Third International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Working_Union_of_Socialist_Parties" title="International Working Union of Socialist Parties">Vienna International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Agrarian_Bureau" title="International Agrarian Bureau">International Agrarian Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Entente_of_Radical_and_Similar_Democratic_Parties" title="International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties">International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_International" title="Communist Workers' International">Communist Workers' International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Socialist_International" title="Labour and Socialist International">Labour and Socialist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krestintern" title="Krestintern">Krestintern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Revolutionary_Marxist_Centre" title="International Revolutionary Marxist Centre">International Revolutionary Marxist Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Montreux_Fascist_conference" title="1934 Montreux Fascist conference">Fascist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International" title="Fourth International">Fourth International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Internationalist_Movement" title="Revolutionary Internationalist Movement">Revolutionary Internationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_Seminar" title="International Communist Seminar">International Communist 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