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data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utamo" title="Kunjuangi laman utamo [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Laman Utamo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_komunitas" title="Tantang proyek, nan dapek Sanak buek, dima ka basobok"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kajadian_kini_ko" title="Cari katarangan tantang latar balakang kajadian ko"><span>Kajadian kini ko</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:ParubahanBaru" title="Daftar parubahan baru dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Parubahan baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:LamanSumbarang" title="Muek sumbarang laman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Laman sumbarang</span></a></li><li id="n-warkop" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kadai_Kopi"><span>Kadai Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-kasiak" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_kasiak"><span>Bak kasiak</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a 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placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Pakakeh pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=min.wikipedia.org&uselang=min" class=""><span>Manyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:BuekAkun&returnto=Istanbul" title="Walaupun indak wajib, Sanak disarankan untuak buek akun dan masuak log" class=""><span>Buek akun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:MasuakLog&returnto=Istanbul" title="Walaupun indak wajib, Sanak disarankan untuak masuak log [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuak log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pakakeh pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pakakeh pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal 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log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:JariahDenai" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Jariah</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:RundiangDenai" title="Parundiangan tantang suntiangan dari IP ko [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Rundiang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_lua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_lua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pautan lua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_lua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Catatan kaki</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjuik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjuik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bacaan lanjuik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjuik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjuik_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjuik_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bacaan lanjuik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjuik_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Istanbul</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 227 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-227" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">227 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Сҭампыл – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Сҭампыл" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89seutamu" title="Éseutamu – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Éseutamu" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Истамбыл – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Истамбыл" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A1%E1%88%8D" title="ኢስታንቡል – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢስታንቡል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis" title="Constantinopolis – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Constantinopolis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="إسطنبول – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسطنبول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%92%DC%98%DC%A0_(%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ) – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="إسطنبول – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسطنبول" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استانبول – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="استانبول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="ইষ্টানবুল – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইষ্টানবুল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="ایستانبول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایستانبول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambols" title="Stambols – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Stambols" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तांबुल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इस्तांबुल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="ইস্তাম্বুল – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইস্তাম্বুল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Истмала – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Истмала" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%B5" title="ئەستەمبوڵ – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەستەمبوڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztamb%C3%B9l" title="Sztambùl – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Sztambùl" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%84%D1%8C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Цѣсар҄ь Градъ – Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Цѣсар҄ь Градъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estamol" title="Estamol – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Estamol" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Κωνσταντινούπολη – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κωνσταντινούπολη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbulo" title="Istanbulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Istanbulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استانبول – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استانبول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboul" title="Istanboul – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Istanboul" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanb%C3%BBl" title="Istanbûl – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Istanbûl" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iostanb%C3%BAl" title="Iostanbúl – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iostanbúl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="伊斯坦布爾 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊斯坦布爾" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8A%D9%84" title="ايستامبۊل – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايستامبۊل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB" title="𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="איסטנבול – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איסטנבול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तांबुल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इस्तांबुल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboul" title="Istanboul – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Istanboul" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isztambul" title="Isztambul – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Isztambul" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Ստամբուլ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստամբուլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Իսթանպուլ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իսթանպուլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Истмале – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Истмале" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanb%C3%BAl" title="Istanbúl – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Istanbúl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="イスタンブール – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イスタンブール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სტამბოლი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტამბოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Истамбыл – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Истамбыл" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isitambuli" title="Isitambuli – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Isitambuli" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itambut" title="Itambut – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Itambut" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D2%B1%D0%BB" title="Ыстанбұл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ыстанбұл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಸ್ತಾಂಬುಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಸ್ತಾಂಬುಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EB%B6%88" title="이스탄불 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스탄불" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stembol" title="Stembol – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stembol" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis" title="Constantinopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Constantinopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambol" title="Estambol – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Estambol" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истамбул – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Истамбул" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истамбул – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Истамбул" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99" title="ອິສະຕັນບູນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອິສະຕັນບູນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambulas" title="Stambulas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stambulas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambula" title="Stambula – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stambula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C4%81nipuru" title="Itānipuru – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Itānipuru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇസ്താംബുൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്താംബുൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तंबूल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्तंबूल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အစ်စတန်ဘူလ်မြို့ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစ်စတန်ဘူလ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Стамбул ош – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Стамбул ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استامبول – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استامبول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तान्बुल – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इस्तान्बुल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coustantinobles" title="Coustantinobles – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Coustantinobles" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%82ch%CA%BC%C4%AF%CA%BC_N%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1h%C3%A1" title="Ałchʼįʼ Nááʼáhá – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ałchʼįʼ Nááʼáhá" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambol" title="Istambol – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istambol" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2" title="ਇਸਤਾਨਬੁਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਤਾਨਬੁਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istamboul" title="Istamboul – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Istamboul" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbuel" title="Istanbuel – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Istanbuel" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambu%C5%82" title="Stambuł – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stambuł" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanpul" title="Istanpul – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Istanpul" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Істанбул – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Істанбул" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="ඉස්තාන්බුල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉස්තාන්බුල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carigrad" title="Carigrad – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Carigrad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbuul" title="Istanbuul – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Istanbuul" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambolli" title="Stambolli – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stambolli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambu%C5%82" title="Stambuł – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Stambuł" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுதான்புல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுதான்புல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇస్తాంబుల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇస్తాంబుల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5" title="อิสตันบูล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิสตันบูล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambul" title="Stambul – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Stambul" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Tuvinia" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%87%D9%84" title="ئىستانبۇل – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىستانبۇل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambul" title="Stambul – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Stambul" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="伊斯坦布尔 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊斯坦布尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სტამბოლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სტამბოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="סטאמבול – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סטאמבול" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D" title="ⵉⵙⵟⴰⵏⴱⵓⵍ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵙⵟⴰⵏⴱⵓⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊斯坦堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="伊斯坦布爾 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="伊斯坦布爾" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊斯坦堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q406#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Suntiang pautan antarbahaso" class="wbc-editpage">Suntiang pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang namo"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Caliak isi laman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Laman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rundiang:Istanbul&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Parundiangan tantang isi laman (laman indak ado) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Rundiang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Minangkabau</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Caliak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul"><span>Baco</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit" title="Suntiang laman ko [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Suntiang</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit" title="Suntiang kode sumber laman ko [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Suntiang sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=history" title="Revisi sabalunnyo dari laman ko [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Riwayaik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pakakeh" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pakakeh</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul"><span>Baco</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit" title="Suntiang laman ko [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Suntiang</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit" title="Suntiang kode sumber laman ko [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Suntiang sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=history"><span>Riwayaik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:PautanBaliak/Istanbul" title="Daftar kasado laman wiki nan taubuang kamari [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan baliak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:ParubahanTakaik/Istanbul" rel="nofollow" title="Parubahan baru laman nan bakaik jo laman ko [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Parubahan takaik</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=min" title="Muek berkas [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muek berkas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:LamanIstimewa" title="Daftar kasado laman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=3155657" title="Pautan permanen untuak revisi laman ko"><span>Pautan permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Istanbul&id=3155657&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Katarangan caro mangutip laman ko"><span>Kutip laman ko</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmin.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIstanbul"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmin.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIstanbul"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Istanbul"><span>Mambuek buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Istanbul&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduah sabagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak dari laman ko [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q406" title="Pautan untuak maubuangan ka item panyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butia di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia Minangkabau - Lubuak aka tapian ilimu</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="min" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">Istanbul</span><br /><span class="nickname" lang="tr"><i>İstanbul</i></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><div class="category"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_municipalities_in_Turkey" class="extiw" title="en:Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey">kota metropolitan</a> dan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" class="extiw" title="en:Provinces of Turkey">provinsi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.7em 0.8em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1639173/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Historical_peninsula_and_modern_skyline_of_Istanbul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Historical_peninsula_and_modern_skyline_of_Istanbul.jpg/288px-Historical_peninsula_and_modern_skyline_of_Istanbul.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Historical_peninsula_and_modern_skyline_of_Istanbul.jpg/432px-Historical_peninsula_and_modern_skyline_of_Istanbul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Historical_peninsula_and_modern_skyline_of_Istanbul.jpg/576px-Historical_peninsula_and_modern_skyline_of_Istanbul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3301" data-file-height="1595" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Panorama Musajik Sultan Ahmed, <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>, jo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istana_Topkap%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istana Topkapı (laman indak ado)">Istana Topkapı</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Aya_Sophia_(7144824757)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Aya_Sophia_%287144824757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/127px-Aya_Sophia_%287144824757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Aya_Sophia_%287144824757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/191px-Aya_Sophia_%287144824757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Aya_Sophia_%287144824757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/254px-Aya_Sophia_%287144824757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1723" data-file-height="1132" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:85px;max-width:85px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Istanbul_asv2020-02_img53_Maiden%27s_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img53_Maiden%27s_Tower.jpg/83px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img53_Maiden%27s_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img53_Maiden%27s_Tower.jpg/125px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img53_Maiden%27s_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img53_Maiden%27s_Tower.jpg/166px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img53_Maiden%27s_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5005" data-file-height="5005" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menara_Leandros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menara Leandros (laman indak ado)">Menara Leandros</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:72px;max-width:72px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg/70px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg/105px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg/140px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img61_Ortak%C3%B6y_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4878" data-file-height="5854" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masjid_Ortak%C3%B6y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masjid Ortaköy (laman indak ado)">Masjid Ortaköy</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg/138px-View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg/207px-View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg/276px-View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2106" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Pusat bisnis Istanbul</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg/146px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg/219px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg/292px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img47_Galata_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7834" data-file-height="5223" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menara_Galata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menara Galata (laman indak ado)">Menara Galata</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:192px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Istanbul_Tram_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Istanbul_Tram_%282%29.jpg/288px-Istanbul_Tram_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Istanbul_Tram_%282%29.jpg/432px-Istanbul_Tram_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Istanbul_Tram_%282%29.jpg/576px-Istanbul_Tram_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jalan_%C4%B0stiklal" title="Jalan İstiklal">Jalan İstiklal</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara (laman indak ado)">Negara</a></th><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" class="extiw" title="en:Geographical regions of Turkey">Region</a></th><td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_Region" class="extiw" title="en:Marmara Region">Marmara</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" class="extiw" title="en:Provinces of Turkey">Provinsi</a></th><td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_Province" class="extiw" title="en:Istanbul Province">Istanbul</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Pamarintahan<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor#Turkey" class="extiw" title="en:Mayor">Wali kota</a></th><td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_%C4%B0mamo%C4%9Flu" class="extiw" title="en:Ekrem İmamoğlu">Ekrem İmamoğlu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vali_(governor)#Turkish_term" class="extiw" title="en:Vali (governor)">Gubernur</a></th><td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Yerlikaya" class="extiw" title="en:Ali Yerlikaya">Ali Yerlikaya</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Laweh<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Kota<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td>2,576,85 km<sup>2</sup> (0,99.493 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Metro<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td>5,343,22 km<sup>2</sup> (2,06.303 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Titiak tatinggi<span style="font-weight:normal"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></th><td>537 m (1,762 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Panduduak <span style="font-weight:normal">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=31_Desember&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="31 Desember (laman indak ado)">31 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Population_of_Turkey_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population_of_Turkey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_municipalities_in_Turkey" class="extiw" title="en:Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey">kota metropolitan</a> dan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" class="extiw" title="en:Provinces of Turkey">provinsi</a></th><td>15,840,900</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_pakotaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah pakotaan (laman indak ado)">Kota</a><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td>15,514,128</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Kapadatan kota</th><td>6,021/km<sup>2</sup> (15,59/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Kapadatan metro</th><td>2,965/km<sup>2</sup> (7,68/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Zona_wakatu" title="Zona wakatu">Zona wakatu</a></th><td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Turkey" class="extiw" title="en:Time in Turkey">Waktu Standar Istanbul</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=UTC%2B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTC+3 (laman indak ado)">UTC+3</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kode_pos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kode pos (laman indak ado)">Kode pos</a></th><td class="adr"><span class="postal-code">34000–34990</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tata_panomoran_telepon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tata panomoran telepon (laman indak ado)">Kode wilayah</a></th><td>+90 212 <small>(sisi Eropa)</small> <br />+90 216 <small>(sisi Asia)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plat_registrasi_kandaraan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plat registrasi kandaraan (laman indak ado)">Plat kandaraan</a></th><td>34</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Henriette_Gudin_Hafen_von_Konstantinopel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Henriette_Gudin_Hafen_von_Konstantinopel.jpg/220px-Henriette_Gudin_Hafen_von_Konstantinopel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Henriette_Gudin_Hafen_von_Konstantinopel.jpg/330px-Henriette_Gudin_Hafen_von_Konstantinopel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Henriette_Gudin_Hafen_von_Konstantinopel.jpg/440px-Henriette_Gudin_Hafen_von_Konstantinopel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="3691" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Istanbul</b> adolah kota paliang gadang di Turki, nan talatak di Selat Bosporus, parbatasan antaro Eropa jo Asia. Kota iko dianggap sabagai ibu kota ekonomi, budaya, jo sijarah negara tersebut. Kota iko punyo populasi labih dari 15 juta panduduak, nan terdiri dari 19% populasi Turki,<sup id="cite_ref-Population_of_Turkey_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population_of_Turkey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan marupoan kota paliang padek di Eropa sarato kota paliang gadang kalima baleh di dunia. </p><p>Kota ini ditagakan sabagai Bizantium pado abaik ka-7 SM dek para pamukim Yunani dari Megara.<sup id="cite_ref-Herrin2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herrin2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pado tahun 330 M, Kaisar Romawi Konstantinus Agung manjadiannyo sabagai ibu kota kakaisarannyo, maagiahnyo namo Roma Baru (bahaso Yunani Kuno: Νέα Ῥώμη Nea Rhomē; bahaso Latin: Nova Roma),<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-Istanbul_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-Istanbul-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lalu akhianyo manjadi Konstantinopel (Konstantinopolis) sasuai jo namanyo surang.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-Istanbul_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-Istanbul-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ODB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pado tahun 1930, namo kota ini sacaro resmi diubah manjadi Istanbul, terjemahan bahaso Turki dari εἰς τὴν Πόλιν eis tḕn Pólin nan aratinyo 'ka Kota', sebutan nan dipakai dek para panutur bahaso Yunani sajak abaik ka-11 untuak manyabuik kota iko dalam bahaso sahari-hari.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-Istanbul_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-Istanbul-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kota ini bafungsi sabagai ibu kota kakaisaran salamo ampaing 1600 tahun: salamo kakaisaran Bizantium (330-1204), Latin (1204-1261), Bizantium akhir (1261-1453), jo Utsmaniyah (1453-1922).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÇelik1993xv_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÇelik1993xv-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_lua">Pautan lua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Suntiang bagian: Pautan lua" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pautan lua"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.die.gov.tr/ENGLISH/index.html">State Institute of Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070125203758/http://www.die.gov.tr/ENGLISH/index.html">Archived</a> 2007-01-25 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.is/20121205050505/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-215">The World Gazetteer: Turkey: Map of Largest Cities</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Suntiang bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacaan_lanjuik">Bacaan lanjuik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Suntiang bagian: Bacaan lanjuik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjuik"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kartal24.com/104583-istanbulun-en-yuksek-tepesi-neresidir">"İstanbul'un En Yüksek Tepeleri"</a>. <i>Hava Forumu</i>. Hava Durumu Forumu. 15 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hava+Forumu&rft.atitle=%C4%B0stanbul%27un+En+Y%C3%BCksek+Tepeleri&rft.date=2020-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kartal24.com%2F104583-istanbulun-en-yuksek-tepesi-neresidir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmin.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population_of_Turkey-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Population_of_Turkey_2-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Population_of_Turkey_2-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2021-45500&dil=2">"The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2021"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Statistical_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkish Statistical Institute (laman indak ado)">Turkish Statistical Institute</a>. 31 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Results+of+Address+Based+Population+Registration+System%2C+2021&rft.pub=Turkish+Statistical+Institute&rft.date=2021-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.tuik.gov.tr%2FBulten%2FIndex%3Fp%3DThe-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2021-45500%26dil%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmin.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herrin2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Herrin2009_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Herrin, Judith (28 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n2aYDwAAQBAJ"><i>Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-691-14369-9" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-691-14369-9">978-0-691-14369-9</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n2aYDwAAQBAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=n2aYDwAAQBAJ</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium%3A+The+Surprising+Life+of+a+Medieval+Empire&rft.aulast=Herrin&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.au=Herrin%2C%26%2332%3BJudith&rft.date=28+September+2009&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B5&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-691-14369-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn2aYDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-Istanbul-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-Istanbul_4-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-Istanbul_4-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-Istanbul_4-2"><i><b>c</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Istanbul">"Istanbul"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopædia Britannica (laman indak ado)">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 3 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Istanbul&rft.date=2023-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FIstanbul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmin.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODB-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ODB_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:ODB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:ODB (laman indak ado)">Templat:ODB</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÇelik1993xv-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÇelik1993xv_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÇelik1993">Çelik 1993</a>, hlm. xv.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacaan_lanjuik_2">Bacaan lanjuik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Suntiang bagian: Bacaan lanjuik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjuik"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2016899">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 27em; -webkit-column-width: 27em; column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFʻAner2005">ʻAner, Nadav (2005). Pergola, Sergio Della; Gilboa, Amos; Ṭal, Rami. eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewishpeoplepoli0000unse"><i>The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Planning Assessment, 2004–2005: The Jewish People Between Thriving and Decline</i></a>. Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House Ltd. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-965-229-346-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-965-229-346-6">978-965-229-346-6</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/jewishpeoplepoli0000unse">https://archive.org/details/jewishpeoplepoli0000unse</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+People+Policy+Planning+Institute+Planning+Assessment%2C+2004%E2%80%932005%3A+The+Jewish+People+Between+Thriving+and+Decline&rft.aulast=%CA%BBAner&rft.aufirst=Nadav&rft.au=%CA%BBAner%2C%26%2332%3BNadav&rft.date=2005&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Gefen+Publishing+House+Ltd&rft.isbn=978-965-229-346-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewishpeoplepoli0000unse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFAthanasopulos2001">Athanasopulos, Haralambos (2001). <i>Greece, Turkey, and the Aegean Sea: A Case Study in International Law</i>. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7864-0943-3" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7864-0943-3">978-0-7864-0943-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greece%2C+Turkey%2C+and+the+Aegean+Sea%3A+A+Case+Study+in+International+Law&rft.aulast=Athanasopulos&rft.aufirst=Haralambos&rft.au=Athanasopulos%2C%26%2332%3BHaralambos&rft.date=2001&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C.&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company%2C+Inc&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0943-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBarnes1981">Barnes, Timothy David (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/constantineeuseb00barn"><i>Constantine and Eusebius</i></a>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-674-16531-1" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-674-16531-1">978-0-674-16531-1</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/constantineeuseb00barn">https://archive.org/details/constantineeuseb00barn</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantine+and+Eusebius&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Timothy+David&rft.au=Barnes%2C%26%2332%3BTimothy+David&rft.date=1981&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-674-16531-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconstantineeuseb00barn&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBaynes1949">Baynes, Norman H. (1949). Baynes, Norman H.; Moss, Henry S. L. B. eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462718"><i>Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization</i></a>. Oxford, Eng.: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-674-16531-1" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-674-16531-1">978-0-674-16531-1</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462718">https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462718</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium%3A+An+Introduction+to+East+Roman+Civilization&rft.aulast=Baynes&rft.aufirst=Norman+H.&rft.au=Baynes%2C%26%2332%3BNorman+H.&rft.date=1949&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-674-16531-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.462718&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBéhar1999">Béhar, Pierre (1999). <i>Vestiges d'Empires: La Décomposition de l'Europe Centrale et Balkanique</i>. Paris: Éditions Desjonquères. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/2-84321-015-1" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/2-84321-015-1">2-84321-015-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vestiges+d%27Empires%3A+La+D%C3%A9composition+de+l%27Europe+Centrale+et+Balkanique&rft.aulast=B%C3%A9har&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.au=B%C3%A9har%2C%26%2332%3BPierre&rft.date=1999&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Desjonqu%C3%A8res&rft.isbn=2-84321-015-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBideleuxJeffries1998">Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofeastern0000bide"><i>A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change</i></a>. New York and London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/0-415-16111-8" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/0-415-16111-8">0-415-16111-8</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofeastern0000bide">https://archive.org/details/historyofeastern0000bide</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Eastern+Europe%3A+Crisis+and+Change&rft.aulast=Bideleux&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Bideleux%2C%26%2332%3BRobert&rft.au=Jeffries%2C%26%2332%3BIan&rft.date=1998&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=0-415-16111-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofeastern0000bide&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBoyarFleet2010">Boyar, Ebru; Fleet, Kate (2010). <i>A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul</i>. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-521-13623-5" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-521-13623-5">978-0-521-13623-5</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+Ottoman+Istanbul&rft.aulast=Boyar&rft.aufirst=Ebru&rft.au=Boyar%2C%26%2332%3BEbru&rft.au=Fleet%2C%26%2332%3BKate&rft.date=2010&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-13623-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBloomBlair2009">Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=RA1-PA315"><i>The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Delhi to Mosque</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-19-530991-1" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-19-530991-1">978-0-19-530991-1</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=RA1-PA315">https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=RA1-PA315</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pado 11 April 2013</span>. "Whatever the prehistoric antecedents of Istanbul, the continuous historical development of the site began with the foundation of a Greek colony from Megara in the mid-7th century BCE..."</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Art+and+Architecture%3A+Delhi+to+Mosque&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+M.&rft.au=Bloom%2C%26%2332%3BJonathan+M.&rft.au=Blair%2C%26%2332%3BSheila&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530991-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dun4WcfEASZwC%26pg%3DRA1-PA315&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBrink-Danan2011">Brink-Danan, Marcy (2011). <i>Jewish Life in Twenty-First-Century Turkey: The Other Side of Tolerance</i>. New Anthropologies of Europe. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-253-35690-1" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-253-35690-1">978-0-253-35690-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Life+in+Twenty-First-Century+Turkey%3A+The+Other+Side+of+Tolerance&rft.aulast=Brink-Danan&rft.aufirst=Marcy&rft.au=Brink-Danan%2C%26%2332%3BMarcy&rft.date=2011&rft.series=New+Anthropologies+of+Europe&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35690-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBrummett2000">Brummett, Palmira Johnson (2000). <i>Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–1911</i>. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7914-4463-4" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7914-4463-4">978-0-7914-4463-4</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Image+and+Imperialism+in+the+Ottoman+Revolutionary+Press%2C+1908%E2%80%931911&rft.aulast=Brummett&rft.aufirst=Palmira+Johnson&rft.au=Brummett%2C%26%2332%3BPalmira+Johnson&rft.date=2000&rft.place=Albany%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-4463-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFCantor1994">Cantor, Norman F. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilizationofmi0000norm"><i>Civilization of the Middle Ages</i></a>. New York: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-06-092553-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-06-092553-6">978-0-06-092553-6</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/civilizationofmi0000norm">https://archive.org/details/civilizationofmi0000norm</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civilization+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.aulast=Cantor&rft.aufirst=Norman+F.&rft.au=Cantor%2C%26%2332%3BNorman+F.&rft.date=1994&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.isbn=978-0-06-092553-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcivilizationofmi0000norm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFÇelik1993">Çelik, Zeynep (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_T4MUpP6zCuIC"><i>The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century</i></a>. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-520-08239-7" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-520-08239-7">978-0-520-08239-7</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_T4MUpP6zCuIC">https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_T4MUpP6zCuIC</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Remaking+of+Istanbul%3A+Portrait+of+an+Ottoman+City+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.aulast=%C3%87elik&rft.aufirst=Zeynep&rft.au=%C3%87elik%2C%26%2332%3BZeynep&rft.date=1993&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Calif.%2C+%26+Los+Angeles&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08239-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_T4MUpP6zCuIC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFChamber_of_Architects_of_Turkey2006">Chamber of Architects of Turkey (2006). <i>Architectural Guide to Istanbul: Historic Peninsula</i>. <b>1</b>. Istanbul: Chamber of Architects of Turkey, Istanbul Metropolitan Branch. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-975-395-899-8" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-975-395-899-8">978-975-395-899-8</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architectural+Guide+to+Istanbul%3A+Historic+Peninsula&rft.aulast=Chamber+of+Architects+of+Turkey&rft.au=Chamber+of+Architects+of+Turkey&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=1&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pub=Chamber+of+Architects+of+Turkey%2C+Istanbul+Metropolitan+Branch&rft.isbn=978-975-395-899-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFChandler1987">Chandler, Tertius (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fourthousandyear0000chan"><i>Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census</i></a>. Lewiston, N.Y.: St. David's University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-88946-207-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-88946-207-6">978-0-88946-207-6</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/fourthousandyear0000chan">https://archive.org/details/fourthousandyear0000chan</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Thousand+Years+of+Urban+Growth%3A+An+Historical+Census&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Tertius&rft.au=Chandler%2C%26%2332%3BTertius&rft.date=1987&rft.place=Lewiston%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=St.+David%27s+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-88946-207-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffourthousandyear0000chan&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFConnell2010">Connell, John (2010). <i>Medical Tourism</i>. CAB Books. Wallingford, Eng.: CABI. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-84593-660-0" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-84593-660-0">978-1-84593-660-0</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical+Tourism&rft.aulast=Connell&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Connell%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.date=2010&rft.series=CAB+Books&rft.place=Wallingford%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=CABI&rft.isbn=978-1-84593-660-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFDahmus1995">Dahmus, Joseph (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmiddlea0000dahm"><i>A History of the Middle Ages</i></a>. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7607-0036-5" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7607-0036-5">978-0-7607-0036-5</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmiddlea0000dahm">https://archive.org/details/historyofmiddlea0000dahm</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.aulast=Dahmus&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Dahmus%2C%26%2332%3BJoseph&rft.date=1995&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-0036-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmiddlea0000dahm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFDe_Sélincourt2003">De Sélincourt, Aubery (2003). Marincola, John M. ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/histories00hero"><i>The Histories</i></a>. Penguin Classics. London: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-14-044908-2" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-14-044908-2">978-0-14-044908-2</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/histories00hero">https://archive.org/details/histories00hero</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Histories&rft.aulast=De+S%C3%A9lincourt&rft.aufirst=Aubery&rft.au=De+S%C3%A9lincourt%2C%26%2332%3BAubery&rft.date=2003&rft.series=Penguin+Classics&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.isbn=978-0-14-044908-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistories00hero&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFDe_Souza2003">De Souza, Philip (2003). <i>The Greek and Persian Wars, 499-386 B.C</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-415-96854-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-415-96854-6">978-0-415-96854-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+and+Persian+Wars%2C+499-386+B.C&rft.aulast=De+Souza&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=De+Souza%2C%26%2332%3BPhilip&rft.date=2003&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-0-415-96854-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFDumperStanley2007">Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E., eds (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citiesofmiddleea0000unse"><i>Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-57607-919-5" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-57607-919-5">978-1-57607-919-5</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/citiesofmiddleea0000unse">https://archive.org/details/citiesofmiddleea0000unse</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2007&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-919-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcitiesofmiddleea0000unse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFEfeCürebal2011">Efe, Recep; Cürebal, Isa (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/engineeringearth00brun">"Impacts of the "Marmaray" Project (Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels, and Stations) on Transportation and Urban Environment in Istanbul"</a>. di dalam Brunn, Stanley D. <i>Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects</i>. London & New York: Springer. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/engineeringearth00brun/page/715">715</a>–34. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-90-481-9919-8" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-90-481-9919-8">978-90-481-9919-8</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/engineeringearth00brun">https://archive.org/details/engineeringearth00brun</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Impacts+of+the+%22Marmaray%22+Project+%28Bosphorus+Tube+Crossing%2C+Tunnels%2C+and+Stations%29+on+Transportation+and+Urban+Environment+in+Istanbul&rft.atitle=Engineering+Earth%3A+The+Impacts+of+Megaengineering+Projects&rft.aulast=Efe&rft.aufirst=Recep&rft.au=Efe%2C%26%2332%3BRecep&rft.au=C%C3%BCrebal%2C%26%2332%3BIsa&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fengineeringearth00brun%2Fpage%2F715+715%5D%E2%80%9334&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=978-90-481-9919-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fengineeringearth00brun&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFEl-Cheikh2004">El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria (2004). <i>Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/0-932885-30-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/0-932885-30-6">0-932885-30-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+Viewed+by+the+Arabs&rft.aulast=El-Cheikh&rft.aufirst=Nadia+Maria&rft.au=El-Cheikh%2C%26%2332%3BNadia+Maria&rft.date=2004&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-932885-30-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFFinkel2005">Finkel, Caroline (2005). <i>Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923</i>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-465-02396-7" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-465-02396-7">978-0-465-02396-7</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osman%27s+Dream%3A+The+Story+of+the+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1300%E2%80%931923&rft.aulast=Finkel&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.au=Finkel%2C%26%2332%3BCaroline&rft.date=2005&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.isbn=978-0-465-02396-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFFreely1996">Freely, John (1996). <i>Istanbul: The Imperial City</i>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-670-85972-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-670-85972-6">978-0-670-85972-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istanbul%3A+The+Imperial+City&rft.aulast=Freely&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Freely%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.date=1996&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.isbn=978-0-670-85972-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFFreely2000">Freely, John (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/companionguideto0000free_x9y4"><i>The Companion Guide to Istanbul and Around the Marmara</i></a>. Woodbridge, Eng.: Companion Guides. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-900639-31-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-900639-31-6">978-1-900639-31-6</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/companionguideto0000free_x9y4">https://archive.org/details/companionguideto0000free_x9y4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Companion+Guide+to+Istanbul+and+Around+the+Marmara&rft.aulast=Freely&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Freely%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.date=2000&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Companion+Guides&rft.isbn=978-1-900639-31-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompanionguideto0000free_x9y4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFFreely2011">Freely, John (2011). <i>A History of Ottoman Architecture</i>. Southampton, Eng.: WIT Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-84564-506-9" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-84564-506-9">978-1-84564-506-9</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ottoman+Architecture&rft.aulast=Freely&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Freely%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.date=2011&rft.place=Southampton%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=WIT+Press&rft.isbn=978-1-84564-506-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGeorgacas1947" class="citation journal">Georgacas, Demetrius John (1947). "The Names of Constantinople". <i>Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press. <b>78</b>: 347–67. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital object identifier (laman indak ado)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F283503">10.2307/283503</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (laman indak ado)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/283503">283503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+and+Proceedings+of+the+American+Philological+Association&rft.atitle=The+Names+of+Constantinople&rft.volume=78&rft.pages=347-67&rft.date=1947&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F283503&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F283503&rft.aulast=Georgacas&rft.aufirst=Demetrius+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmin.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFGökselKerslake2005">Göksel, Aslı; Kerslake, Celia (2005). <i>Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar</i>. Comprehensive Grammars. Abingdon, Eng.: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-415-21761-3" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-415-21761-3">978-0-415-21761-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkish%3A+A+Comprehensive+Grammar&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6ksel&rft.aufirst=Asl%C4%B1&rft.au=G%C3%B6ksel%2C%26%2332%3BAsl%C4%B1&rft.au=Kerslake%2C%26%2332%3BCelia&rft.date=2005&rft.series=Comprehensive+Grammars&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-0-415-21761-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFGöktürkSoysalTüreli2010">Göktürk, Deniz; Soysal, Levent; Türeli, İpek, eds (2010). <i>Orienting Istanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe?</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-415-58011-3" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-415-58011-3">978-0-415-58011-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orienting+Istanbul%3A+Cultural+Capital+of+Europe%3F&rft.date=2010&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-0-415-58011-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFGrant1996">Grant, Michael (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/severanschangedr0000gran"><i>The Severans: The Changed Roman Empire</i></a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-415-12772-1" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-415-12772-1">978-0-415-12772-1</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/severanschangedr0000gran">https://archive.org/details/severanschangedr0000gran</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Severans%3A+The+Changed+Roman+Empire&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Grant%2C%26%2332%3BMichael&rft.date=1996&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-0-415-12772-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fseveranschangedr0000gran&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFGregory2010">Gregory, Timothy E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti0000greg_2ndedi"><i>A History of Byzantium</i></a>. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-4051-8471-7" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-4051-8471-7">978-1-4051-8471-7</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti0000greg_2ndedi">https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti0000greg_2ndedi</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Byzantium&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Timothy+E.&rft.au=Gregory%2C%26%2332%3BTimothy+E.&rft.date=2010&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8471-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofbyzanti0000greg_2ndedi&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFGül2012">Gül, Murat (2012). <i>The Emergence of Modern Istanbul: Transformation and Modernisation of a City</i> (edisi ke-Revised Paperback). London: IB.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1780763743" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1780763743">978-1780763743</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+of+Modern+Istanbul%3A+Transformation+and+Modernisation+of+a+City&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCl&rft.aufirst=Murat&rft.au=G%C3%BCl%2C%26%2332%3BMurat&rft.date=2012&rft.edition=Revised+Paperback&rft.place=London&rft.pub=IB.Tauris&rft.isbn=978-1780763743&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFHarter2005">Harter, Jim (2005). <i>World Railways of the Nineteenth Century: A Pictorial History in Victorian Engravings</i> (edisi ke-illustrated). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-8018-8089-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-8018-8089-6">978-0-8018-8089-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Railways+of+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+A+Pictorial+History+in+Victorian+Engravings&rft.aulast=Harter&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Harter%2C%26%2332%3BJim&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8089-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFHoltLambtonLewis1977">Holt, Peter M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard, eds (1977). <i>The Cambridge History of Islam</i>. <b>1A</b> (edisi ke-illustrated, reprint). Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-521-29135-4" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-521-29135-4">978-0-521-29135-4</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Islam&rft.date=1977&rft.volume=1A&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29135-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFIsaac1986">Isaac, Benjamin H. (1986). <i>The Greek Settlements in Thrace Until the Macedonian Conquest</i> (edisi ke-illustrated). Leiden, the Neth.: BRILL. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-90-04-06921-3" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-90-04-06921-3">978-90-04-06921-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Settlements+in+Thrace+Until+the+Macedonian+Conquest&rft.aulast=Isaac&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+H.&rft.au=Isaac%2C%26%2332%3BBenjamin+H.&rft.date=1986&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.place=Leiden%2C+the+Neth.&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.isbn=978-90-04-06921-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFKapucuPalabiyik2008">Kapucu, Naim; Palabiyik, Hamit (2008). <i>Turkish Public Administration: From Tradition to the Modern Age</i>. USAK Publications. <b>17</b>. Ankara: USAK. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-605-4030-01-9" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-605-4030-01-9">978-605-4030-01-9</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkish+Public+Administration%3A+From+Tradition+to+the+Modern+Age&rft.aulast=Kapucu&rft.aufirst=Naim&rft.au=Kapucu%2C%26%2332%3BNaim&rft.au=Palabiyik%2C%26%2332%3BHamit&rft.date=2008&rft.series=USAK+Publications&rft.volume=17&rft.place=Ankara&rft.pub=USAK&rft.isbn=978-605-4030-01-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFKarpat1976">Karpat, Kemal H. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gecekondururalmi0000karp"><i>The Gecekondu: Rural Migration and Urbanization</i></a> (edisi ke-illustrated). Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-521-20954-0" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-521-20954-0">978-0-521-20954-0</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/gecekondururalmi0000karp">https://archive.org/details/gecekondururalmi0000karp</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gecekondu%3A+Rural+Migration+and+Urbanization&rft.aulast=Karpat&rft.aufirst=Kemal+H.&rft.au=Karpat%2C%26%2332%3BKemal+H.&rft.date=1976&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20954-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgecekondururalmi0000karp&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFKeyder1999">Keyder, Çağlar, ed (1999). <i>Istanbul: Between the Global and the Local</i>. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-8476-9495-2" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-8476-9495-2">978-0-8476-9495-2</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istanbul%3A+Between+the+Global+and+the+Local&rft.date=1999&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.isbn=978-0-8476-9495-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">King, Charles (2014). <i>Midnight at the Pera Palace, The birth of modern Istanbul</i>. Norton & Cy. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/9780393089141-" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/9780393089141-">9780393089141-</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midnight+at+the+Pera+Palace%2C+The+birth+of+modern+Istanbul&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=King%2C%26%2332%3BCharles&rft.date=2014&rft.pub=Norton+%26+Cy&rft.isbn=9780393089141-&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFKlimczukWarner2009">Klimczuk, Stephen; Warner, Gerald (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretplaceshidd0000klim"><i>Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sights, Symbols, and Societies</i></a>. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-4027-6207-9" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-4027-6207-9">978-1-4027-6207-9</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/secretplaceshidd0000klim">https://archive.org/details/secretplaceshidd0000klim</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+Places%2C+Hidden+Sanctuaries%3A+Uncovering+Mysterious+Sights%2C+Symbols%2C+and+Societies&rft.aulast=Klimczuk&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Klimczuk%2C%26%2332%3BStephen&rft.au=Warner%2C%26%2332%3BGerald&rft.date=2009&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-6207-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecretplaceshidd0000klim&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFKnielingOthengrafen2009">Knieling, Jörg; Othengrafen, Frank (2009). <i>Planning Cultures in Europe: Decoding Cultural Phenomena in Urban and Regional Planning</i>. Urban and Regional Planning and Development. Surrey, Eng.: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7546-7565-5" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7546-7565-5">978-0-7546-7565-5</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planning+Cultures+in+Europe%3A+Decoding+Cultural+Phenomena+in+Urban+and+Regional+Planning&rft.aulast=Knieling&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg&rft.au=Knieling%2C%26%2332%3BJ%C3%B6rg&rft.au=Othengrafen%2C%26%2332%3BFrank&rft.date=2009&rft.series=Urban+and+Regional+Planning+and+Development&rft.place=Surrey%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-7565-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFKöksal2012">Köksal, Özlem, ed (2012). <i>World Film Locations: Istanbul</i>. Bristol, Eng.: Intellect Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-84150-567-1" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-84150-567-1">978-1-84150-567-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Film+Locations%3A+Istanbul&rft.date=2012&rft.place=Bristol%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Intellect+Books&rft.isbn=978-1-84150-567-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFKöse2009">Köse, Yavuz (2009). "Vertical Bazaars of Modernity: Western Department Stores and Their Staff in Istanbul (1889–1921)". di dalam Atabaki, Touraj; Brockett, Gavin. <i>Ottoman and Republican Turkish Labour History</i>. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. pp. 91–114. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-521-12805-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-521-12805-6">978-0-521-12805-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Vertical+Bazaars+of+Modernity%3A+Western+Department+Stores+and+Their+Staff+in+Istanbul+%281889%E2%80%931921%29&rft.atitle=Ottoman+and+Republican+Turkish+Labour+History&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6se&rft.aufirst=Yavuz&rft.au=K%C3%B6se%2C%26%2332%3BYavuz&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B91%E2%80%93114&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-12805-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFLandau1984">Landau, Jacob M. (1984). <i>Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey</i>. Leiden, the Neth.: E.J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-90-04-07070-7" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-90-04-07070-7">978-90-04-07070-7</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atat%C3%BCrk+and+the+Modernization+of+Turkey&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Jacob+M.&rft.au=Landau%2C%26%2332%3BJacob+M.&rft.date=1984&rft.place=Leiden%2C+the+Neth.&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.isbn=978-90-04-07070-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFLimberis1994">Limberis, Vasiliki (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/divineheiressvir0000limb"><i>Divine Heiress: The Virgin Mary and the Creation of Christian Constantinople</i></a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-415-09677-5" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-415-09677-5">978-0-415-09677-5</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/divineheiressvir0000limb">https://archive.org/details/divineheiressvir0000limb</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divine+Heiress%3A+The+Virgin+Mary+and+the+Creation+of+Christian+Constantinople&rft.aulast=Limberis&rft.aufirst=Vasiliki&rft.au=Limberis%2C%26%2332%3BVasiliki&rft.date=1994&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-0-415-09677-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdivineheiressvir0000limb&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFLister1979">Lister, Richard P. (1979). <i>The Travels of Herodotus</i>. London: Gordon & Cremonesi. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-86033-081-3" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-86033-081-3">978-0-86033-081-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Travels+of+Herodotus&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=Richard+P.&rft.au=Lister%2C%26%2332%3BRichard+P.&rft.date=1979&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Gordon+%26+Cremonesi&rft.isbn=978-0-86033-081-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFMastersÁgoston2009">Masters, Bruce Alan; Ágoston, Gábor (2009). <i>Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire</i>. New York: Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-4381-1025-7" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-4381-1025-7">978-1-4381-1025-7</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.aulast=Masters&rft.aufirst=Bruce+Alan&rft.au=Masters%2C%26%2332%3BBruce+Alan&rft.au=%C3%81goston%2C%26%2332%3BG%C3%A1bor&rft.date=2009&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1025-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFMorris2010">Morris, Ian (October 2010) (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ianmorris.org/docs/social-development.pdf"><i>Social Development</i></a>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ianmorris.org/docs/social-development.pdf">http://ianmorris.org/docs/social-development.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pado 5 Juli 2012</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Development&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Morris%2C%26%2332%3BIan&rft.date=October+2010&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fianmorris.org%2Fdocs%2Fsocial-development.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFNecipoğlu1991">Necipoğlu, Gülru (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/architecturecere0000neci"><i>Architecture, Ceremonial, and Power: The Topkapi Palace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries</i></a>. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-262-14050-8" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-262-14050-8">978-0-262-14050-8</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/architecturecere0000neci">https://archive.org/details/architecturecere0000neci</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture%2C+Ceremonial%2C+and+Power%3A+The+Topkapi+Palace+in+the+Fifteenth+and+Sixteenth+Centuries&rft.aulast=Necipo%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BClru&rft.au=Necipo%C4%9Flu%2C%26%2332%3BG%C3%BClru&rft.date=1991&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-262-14050-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farchitecturecere0000neci&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFNecipoğlu2010">Necipoğlu, Gülru (2010). "From Byzantine Constantinople to Ottoman Kostantiniyye". di dalam ölcer, Nazan. <i>From Byzantion to Istanbul</i>. Istanbul: SSM. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-605-4348-04-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-605-4348-04-6">978-605-4348-04-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=From+Byzantine+Constantinople+to+Ottoman+Kostantiniyye&rft.atitle=From+Byzantion+to+Istanbul&rft.aulast=Necipo%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BClru&rft.au=Necipo%C4%9Flu%2C%26%2332%3BG%C3%BClru&rft.date=2010&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pub=SSM&rft.isbn=978-605-4348-04-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFNorris2010">Norris, Pippa (2010). <i>Public Sentinel: News Media & Governance Reform</i>. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-8213-8200-4" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-8213-8200-4">978-0-8213-8200-4</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Sentinel%3A+News+Media+%26+Governance+Reform&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Pippa&rft.au=Norris%2C%26%2332%3BPippa&rft.date=2010&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=World+Bank+Publications&rft.isbn=978-0-8213-8200-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFOrganisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development2008">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008). <i>Istanbul, Turkey</i>. OECD Territorial Reviews. Paris: OECD Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-92-64-04371-8" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-92-64-04371-8">978-92-64-04371-8</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istanbul%2C+Turkey&rft.aulast=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development&rft.au=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development&rft.date=2008&rft.series=OECD+Territorial+Reviews&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=OECD+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-92-64-04371-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFOxford_Business_Group2009">Oxford Business Group (2009). <i>The Report: Turkey 2009</i>. Oxford, Eng.: Oxford Business Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-902339-13-9" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-902339-13-9">978-1-902339-13-9</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Report%3A+Turkey+2009&rft.aulast=Oxford+Business+Group&rft.au=Oxford+Business+Group&rft.date=2009&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Oxford+Business+Group&rft.isbn=978-1-902339-13-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFPapathanassis2011">Papathanassis, Alexis (2011). <i>The Long Tail of Tourism: Holiday Niches and Their Impact on Mainstream Tourism</i>. Berlin: Springer. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-3-8349-3062-0" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-3-8349-3062-0">978-3-8349-3062-0</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+Tail+of+Tourism%3A+Holiday+Niches+and+Their+Impact+on+Mainstream+Tourism&rft.aulast=Papathanassis&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft.au=Papathanassis%2C%26%2332%3BAlexis&rft.date=2011&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=978-3-8349-3062-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFQuantic2008">Quantic, Roy (2008). <i>Climatology for Airline Pilots</i>. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-470-69847-1" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-470-69847-1">978-0-470-69847-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climatology+for+Airline+Pilots&rft.aulast=Quantic&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Quantic%2C%26%2332%3BRoy&rft.date=2008&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.isbn=978-0-470-69847-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFReinert2002">Reinert, Stephen W. (2002). "Fragmentation (1204–1453)". di dalam Mango, Cyril. <i>The Oxford History of Byzantium</i>. Oxford, Eng.: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-19-814098-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-19-814098-6">978-0-19-814098-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fragmentation+%281204%E2%80%931453%29&rft.atitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Byzantium&rft.aulast=Reinert&rft.aufirst=Stephen+W.&rft.au=Reinert%2C%26%2332%3BStephen+W.&rft.date=2002&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-814098-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFReisman2006">Reisman, Arnold (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turkeysmoderniza0000reis"><i>Turkey's Modernization: Refugees from Nazism and Atatürk's Vision</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: New Academia Publishing, LLC. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-9777908-8-3" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-9777908-8-3">978-0-9777908-8-3</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/turkeysmoderniza0000reis">https://archive.org/details/turkeysmoderniza0000reis</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Modernization%3A+Refugees+from+Nazism+and+Atat%C3%BCrk%27s+Vision&rft.aulast=Reisman&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft.au=Reisman%2C%26%2332%3BArnold&rft.date=2006&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=New+Academia+Publishing%2C+LLC&rft.isbn=978-0-9777908-8-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturkeysmoderniza0000reis&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFRoebuck1959">Roebuck, Carl (1959). <i>Ionian Trade and Colonization</i>. Monographs on Archaeology and Fine Arts. New York: Archaeological Institute of America. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-89005-528-1" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-89005-528-1">978-0-89005-528-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ionian+Trade+and+Colonization&rft.aulast=Roebuck&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.au=Roebuck%2C%26%2332%3BCarl&rft.date=1959&rft.series=Monographs+on+Archaeology+and+Fine+Arts&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Archaeological+Institute+of+America&rft.isbn=978-0-89005-528-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFRoom2006">Room, Adrian (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom"><i>Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites</i></a> (edisi ke-2nd). Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7864-2248-7" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7864-2248-7">978-0-7864-2248-7</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom">https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placenames+of+the+World%3A+Origins+and+Meanings+of+the+Names+for+6%2C600+Countries%2C+Cities%2C+Territories%2C+Natural+Features%2C+and+Historic+Sites&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.au=Room%2C%26%2332%3BAdrian&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=2nd&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C.&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplacenamesofworl02edroom&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFRôzen2002">Rôzen, Mînnā (2002). <i>A History of the Jewish Community in Istanbul: The Formative Years, 1453–1566</i> (edisi ke-illustrated). Leiden, the Neth.: BRILL. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-90-04-12530-8" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-90-04-12530-8">978-90-04-12530-8</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Jewish+Community+in+Istanbul%3A+The+Formative+Years%2C+1453%E2%80%931566&rft.aulast=R%C3%B4zen&rft.aufirst=M%C3%AEnn%C4%81&rft.au=R%C3%B4zen%2C%26%2332%3BM%C3%AEnn%C4%81&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.place=Leiden%2C+the+Neth.&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12530-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFSanal2011">Sanal, Aslihan (2011). Fischer, Michael M. J.; Dumit, Joseph. eds. <i>New Organs Within Us: Transplants and the Moral Economy</i>. Experimental Futures (edisi ke-illustrated). Chapel Hill, N.C.: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-8223-4912-9" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-8223-4912-9">978-0-8223-4912-9</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Organs+Within+Us%3A+Transplants+and+the+Moral+Economy&rft.aulast=Sanal&rft.aufirst=Aslihan&rft.au=Sanal%2C%26%2332%3BAslihan&rft.date=2011&rft.series=Experimental+Futures&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+N.C.&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-4912-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFSchmitt2005">Schmitt, Oliver Jens (2005) (dalam bahaso German). <i>Levantiner: Lebenswelten und Identitäten einer ethnokonfessionellen Gruppe im osmanischen Reich im "langen 19. Jahrhundert"</i>. München: Oldenbourg. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-3-486-57713-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-3-486-57713-6">978-3-486-57713-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Levantiner%3A+Lebenswelten+und+Identit%C3%A4ten+einer+ethnokonfessionellen+Gruppe+im+osmanischen+Reich+im+%22langen+19.+Jahrhundert%22&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Oliver+Jens&rft.au=Schmitt%2C%26%2332%3BOliver+Jens&rft.date=2005&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=Oldenbourg&rft.isbn=978-3-486-57713-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFShawShaw1977">Shaw, Stanford J.; Shaw, Ezel K. (1977). <i>History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey</i>. <b>2</b>. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-521-29166-8" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-521-29166-8">978-0-521-29166-8</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+Modern+Turkey&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Stanford+J.&rft.au=Shaw%2C%26%2332%3BStanford+J.&rft.au=Shaw%2C%26%2332%3BEzel+K.&rft.date=1977&rft.volume=2&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29166-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFTarasovMilner-Gulland2004">Tarasov, Oleg; Milner-Gulland, R. R. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/icondevotionsacr0000tara"><i>Icon and Devotion: Sacred Spaces in Imperial Russia</i></a>. London: Reaktion. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/1-86189-118-0" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/1-86189-118-0">1-86189-118-0</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/icondevotionsacr0000tara">https://archive.org/details/icondevotionsacr0000tara</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icon+and+Devotion%3A+Sacred+Spaces+in+Imperial+Russia&rft.aulast=Tarasov&rft.aufirst=Oleg&rft.au=Tarasov%2C%26%2332%3BOleg&rft.au=Milner-Gulland%2C%26%2332%3BR.+R.&rft.date=2004&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Reaktion&rft.isbn=1-86189-118-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ficondevotionsacr0000tara&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFTaşan-Kok2004">Taşan-Kok, Tuna (2004). <i>Budapest, Istanbul, and Warsaw: Institutional and Spatial Change</i>. Delft, the Neth.: Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-90-5972-041-1" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-90-5972-041-1">978-90-5972-041-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Budapest%2C+Istanbul%2C+and+Warsaw%3A+Institutional+and+Spatial+Change&rft.aulast=Ta%C5%9Fan-Kok&rft.aufirst=Tuna&rft.au=Ta%C5%9Fan-Kok%2C%26%2332%3BTuna&rft.date=2004&rft.place=Delft%2C+the+Neth.&rft.pub=Eburon+Uitgeverij+B.V&rft.isbn=978-90-5972-041-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFTaylor2007">Taylor, Jane (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imperialistanbul0000tayl"><i>Imperial Istanbul: A Traveller's Guide: Includes Iznik, Bursa and Edirne</i></a>. New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-84511-334-6" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-84511-334-6">978-1-84511-334-6</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/imperialistanbul0000tayl">https://archive.org/details/imperialistanbul0000tayl</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Istanbul%3A+A+Traveller%27s+Guide%3A+Includes+Iznik%2C+Bursa+and+Edirne&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Taylor%2C%26%2332%3BJane&rft.date=2007&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Tauris+Parke+Paperbacks&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-334-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimperialistanbul0000tayl&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFTigrekKibaroğlu2011">Tigrek, Sahnaz; Kibaroğlu, Ayșegül (2011). "Strategic Role of Water Resources for Turkey". di dalam Kibaroğlu, Ayșegül; Scheumann, Waltina; Kramer, Annika. <i>Turkey's Water Policy: National Frameworks and International Cooperation</i>. London & New York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-3-642-19635-5" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-3-642-19635-5">978-3-642-19635-5</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Strategic+Role+of+Water+Resources+for+Turkey&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Water+Policy%3A+National+Frameworks+and+International+Cooperation&rft.aulast=Tigrek&rft.aufirst=Sahnaz&rft.au=Tigrek%2C%26%2332%3BSahnaz&rft.au=Kibaro%C4%9Flu%2C%26%2332%3BAy%C8%99eg%C3%BCl&rft.date=2011&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=978-3-642-19635-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFTime_Out_Guides2010">Time Out Guides, ed (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/timeoutistanbul0000unse"><i>Time Out Istanbul</i></a>. London: Time Out Guides. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-84670-115-3" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-1-84670-115-3">978-1-84670-115-3</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/timeoutistanbul0000unse">https://archive.org/details/timeoutistanbul0000unse</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+Out+Istanbul&rft.date=2010&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Time+Out+Guides&rft.isbn=978-1-84670-115-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftimeoutistanbul0000unse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFTuran2010">Turan, Neyran (2010). "Towards an Ecological Urbanism for Istanbul". di dalam Sorensen, André; Okata, Junichiro. <i>Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability</i>. Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration. London & New York: Springer. pp. 223–42. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-4-431-99266-0" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-4-431-99266-0">978-4-431-99266-0</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Towards+an+Ecological+Urbanism+for+Istanbul&rft.atitle=Megacities%3A+Urban+Form%2C+Governance%2C+and+Sustainability&rft.aulast=Turan&rft.aufirst=Neyran&rft.au=Turan%2C%26%2332%3BNeyran&rft.date=2010&rft.series=Library+for+Sustainable+Urban+Regeneration&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B223%E2%80%9342&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=978-4-431-99266-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFWCTR_Society;_Unʼyu_Seisaku_Kenkyū_Kikō2004">WCTR Society; Unʼyu Seisaku Kenkyū Kikō (2004). <i>Urban Transport and the Environment: An International Perspective</i>. Amsterdam: Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-08-044512-0" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-08-044512-0">978-0-08-044512-0</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Transport+and+the+Environment%3A+An+International+Perspective&rft.aulast=WCTR+Society%3B+Un%CA%BCyu+Seisaku+Kenky%C5%AB+Kik%C5%8D&rft.au=WCTR+Society%3B+Un%CA%BCyu+Seisaku+Kenky%C5%AB+Kik%C5%8D&rft.date=2004&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044512-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFWedel2000">Wedel, Heidi (2000). Ibrahim, Ferhad; Gürbey, Gülistan. eds. <i>The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey</i>. Berlin: LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 181–93. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-3-8258-4744-9" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-3-8258-4744-9">978-3-8258-4744-9</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kurdish+Conflict+in+Turkey&rft.aulast=Wedel&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft.au=Wedel%2C%26%2332%3BHeidi&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B181%E2%80%9393&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.isbn=978-3-8258-4744-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFWynn1984">Wynn, Martin (1984). <i>Planning and Urban Growth in Southern Europe</i>. Studies in History, Planning, and the Environment. Los Altos, Calif.: Mansell. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7201-1608-3" title="Istimewa:SumberBuku/978-0-7201-1608-3">978-0-7201-1608-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planning+and+Urban+Growth+in+Southern+Europe&rft.aulast=Wynn&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Wynn%2C%26%2332%3BMartin&rft.date=1984&rft.series=Studies+in+History%2C+Planning%2C+and+the+Environment&rft.place=Los+Altos%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Mansell&rft.isbn=978-0-7201-1608-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Istanbul"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambiak dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://min.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=3155657">https://min.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=3155657</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kategori" title="Istimewa:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images (laman indak ado)">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kota_di_Turki" title="Kategori:Kota di Turki">Kota di Turki</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori nan tasuruak: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_argumen_formatnum_non-numerik" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan argumen formatnum non-numerik">Halaman dengan argumen formatnum non-numerik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ko taakhia diubah pado 15.05, tanggal 24 September 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks iko tasadio dalam <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensi Atribusi-BabagiSarupo Creative Commons</a>; katantuan tambahan mungkin balaku. 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