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(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the Canary Islands</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Prospecting for potential natural enemies of the invasive lepidopteran tomato pest Tuta absoluta</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17841343" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb6119d2e3b89557b01ae58ffe12d551" rel="nofollow" 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$('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17841343]'), work: {"id":17841343,"title":"Molecular and morphological diagnoses of five species of Trichogramma: biological control agents of Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the Canary Islands","created_at":"2015-11-05T22:31:46.449-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17841343/Molecular_and_morphological_diagnoses_of_five_species_of_Trichogramma_biological_control_agents_of_Chrysodeixis_chalcites_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_and_Tuta_absoluta_Lepidoptera_Gelechiidae_in_the_Canary_Islands?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_17841343","summary":"Prospecting for potential natural enemies of the invasive lepidopteran tomato pest Tuta absoluta","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39738923,"asset_id":17841343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1630560,"first_name":"Tomas","last_name":"Cabello","domain_name":"ual-es","page_name":"TomasCabello","display_name":"Tomas Cabello","profile_url":"https://ual-es.academia.edu/TomasCabello?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1630560/30546433/28296669/s65_tomas.cabello.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":100994,"name":"Canary Islands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canary_Islands?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":188240,"name":"Tomato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato?f_ri=130447"},{"id":234147,"name":"ribosomal RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ribosomal_RNA?f_ri=130447"},{"id":236975,"name":"Morphological Characters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_Characters?f_ri=130447"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447"},{"id":320165,"name":"Field Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Trial?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36631068" data-work_id="36631068" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36631068/Insectivorous_bats_in_semi_arid_agroecosystems_effects_on_foraging_activity_and_implications_for_insect_pest_control">Insectivorous bats in semi-arid agroecosystems − effects on foraging activity and implications for insect pest control</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A B S T R A C T Insectivorous bats populate habitats that adjoin or overlap with agricultural lands, and tend to use cultivated land for foraging and commuting. The goal of the study was to assess the principal factors influencing the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36631068" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A B S T R A C T Insectivorous bats populate habitats that adjoin or overlap with agricultural lands, and tend to use cultivated land for foraging and commuting. The goal of the study was to assess the principal factors influencing the activity and species richness of insectivorous bats in a semi-arid Mediterranean agroecosystem. We hypothesized that bat activity and species richness are influenced by the anthropogenic factors that are typical of agroeco-systems, such as fragmentation of the landscape and loss of natural habitat, agrochemical use, presence of powerlines and roads, and proximity to urban areas. We recorded bats in a diversified semi-arid Mediterranean agroecosystem in 2012 and 2013 and estimated the effect of various anthropogenic and environmental factors on their activity. The proportion of natural and semi-natural habitats at the landscape and at the plot scale were the most important predictors of total bat activity, and of the activity the two most common species recorded, Pipistrellus kuhlii and Tadarida teniotis, both known to be synanthropic. Indeed, P. kuhlii had a positive association with the proximity to bodies of water and to settlements. Total bat activity was negatively associated with the use of agrochemicals. Thus, in line with our predictions, both the proportion of natural land cover in the environment and the use of agrochemicals play an important role in determining bat distribution in agricultural environments. Ecological inferences based on our results can be used to develop management schemes, such as restoring patches of natural vegetation near and within farmlands, to increase the suitability of agroecosystems as habitats for insectivorous bats. These could contribute both to the protection of endangered bat species and to bio-control of insect pests.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36631068" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e7cf2197ff2a65f29daba5e8e22757ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56562423,"asset_id":36631068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56562423/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12236621" href="https://huji.academia.edu/IdanKahnonitch">Idan Kahnonitch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12236621" type="text/json">{"id":12236621,"first_name":"Idan","last_name":"Kahnonitch","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"IdanKahnonitch","display_name":"Idan Kahnonitch","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/IdanKahnonitch?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12236621/6368121/19791590/s65_idan.kahnonitch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36631068 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36631068"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36631068, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36631068", }); 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The goal of the study was to assess the principal factors influencing the activity and species richness of insectivorous bats in a semi-arid Mediterranean agroecosystem. We hypothesized that bat activity and species richness are influenced by the anthropogenic factors that are typical of agroeco-systems, such as fragmentation of the landscape and loss of natural habitat, agrochemical use, presence of powerlines and roads, and proximity to urban areas. We recorded bats in a diversified semi-arid Mediterranean agroecosystem in 2012 and 2013 and estimated the effect of various anthropogenic and environmental factors on their activity. The proportion of natural and semi-natural habitats at the landscape and at the plot scale were the most important predictors of total bat activity, and of the activity the two most common species recorded, Pipistrellus kuhlii and Tadarida teniotis, both known to be synanthropic. Indeed, P. kuhlii had a positive association with the proximity to bodies of water and to settlements. Total bat activity was negatively associated with the use of agrochemicals. Thus, in line with our predictions, both the proportion of natural land cover in the environment and the use of agrochemicals play an important role in determining bat distribution in agricultural environments. Ecological inferences based on our results can be used to develop management schemes, such as restoring patches of natural vegetation near and within farmlands, to increase the suitability of agroecosystems as habitats for insectivorous bats. These could contribute both to the protection of endangered bat species and to bio-control of insect pests.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56562423,"asset_id":36631068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12236621,"first_name":"Idan","last_name":"Kahnonitch","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"IdanKahnonitch","display_name":"Idan Kahnonitch","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/IdanKahnonitch?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12236621/6368121/19791590/s65_idan.kahnonitch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3528,"name":"Agroecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agroecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":18075,"name":"Bats (Mammalogy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bats_Mammalogy_?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35105567" data-work_id="35105567" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35105567/Biocontamination_Control_white_paper_doc">Biocontamination Control white paper.doc</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Biocontamination refers to biological contamination of products by bacteria and/or fungi, as well as the toxic by-products of these microorganisms, such as endotoxin and mycotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, respectively. When... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35105567" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Biocontamination refers to biological contamination of products by bacteria and/or fungi, as well as the toxic by-products of these microorganisms, such as endotoxin and mycotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, respectively. When designing a biocontamination control strategy, which is based on the manufacturing process, there are three components to take into consideration, each of which requires risk assessment: 1) designing process systems to avoid contamination; 2) monitoring process systems to detect contamination; and 3) reacting to contamination events and putting proactive measures in place. The design of process systems is where maximal effort should be placed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35105567" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4bb22889dd929b9b6928403c14bce982" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54967211,"asset_id":35105567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54967211/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="725124" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle">Tim Sandle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="725124" type="text/json">{"id":725124,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Sandle","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"TimSandle","display_name":"Tim Sandle","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725124/247895/293007/s65_tim.sandle.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35105567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35105567"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35105567, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35105567", }); 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When designing a biocontamination control strategy, which is based on the manufacturing process, there are three components to take into consideration, each of which requires risk assessment: 1) designing process systems to avoid contamination; 2) monitoring process systems to detect contamination; and 3) reacting to contamination events and putting proactive measures in place. The design of process systems is where maximal effort should be placed. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54967211,"asset_id":35105567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":725124,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Sandle","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"TimSandle","display_name":"Tim Sandle","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725124/247895/293007/s65_tim.sandle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":29393,"name":"Healthcare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":41745,"name":"Pharmaceutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":198066,"name":"Contamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contamination?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63072007" data-work_id="63072007" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63072007/Galactosidase_Assays_of_Single_Cell_Lysates_on_a_Microchip_A_Complementary_Method_for_Enzymatic_Analysis_of_Single_Cells">Galactosidase Assays of Single-Cell Lysates on a Microchip: A Complementary Method for Enzymatic Analysis of Single Cells</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of microfluidic glass chips for continuous single-cell lysis and assay of internal-Galactosidase (-Gal) content is described. Cells were transported single file toward a Y-shaped mixing junction at which lytic agents were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63072007" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of microfluidic glass chips for continuous single-cell lysis and assay of internal-Galactosidase (-Gal) content is described. Cells were transported single file toward a Y-shaped mixing junction at which lytic agents were introduced by suction. Flow velocities of 100 and 40 m/s were used under protein denaturing [35 mM sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)] and nondenaturing (0.1% Triton X-100) conditions, respectively. Complete and reproducible lysis of individual cells on-chip occurred within 30 s using Triton X-100 and 2 s when using SDS. Optimal concentrations of lysis and enzyme substrate reagents were determined using microtitre plate and chip-based procedures. Fluorescence peaks, due to the enzymatic product fluorescein mono-D-galactopyranoside (FMG), were detected downstream of the mixing and cell lysis point for the reaction of-Gal with 200 M of the fluorogenic substrate fluorescein-diD -galactopyranoside (FDG). FMG fluorescence was observed from cells preincubated with FDG off-chip then subsequently lysed on-chip with SDS. Unincubated cells were mixed on-chip with both FDG and Triton X-100, each individual cell generating FMG fluorescence downstream of the mixing point detected within 2 min of mixing. In contrast, viable cells incubated with FDG required 1 h or more in order to generate significant signal in a flow cytometer.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63072007" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3174a6b8d90ea65d13f94e499b2d9a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75620058,"asset_id":63072007,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75620058/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33253641" href="https://ualberta.academia.edu/GregorOcvirk">Gregor Ocvirk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33253641" type="text/json">{"id":33253641,"first_name":"Gregor","last_name":"Ocvirk","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"GregorOcvirk","display_name":"Gregor Ocvirk","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/GregorOcvirk?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63072007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63072007"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63072007, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63072007", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63072007]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63072007").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63072007").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63072007"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="145" type="text/json">{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1525" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Spectroscopy">Fluorescence Spectroscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1525" type="text/json">{"id":1525,"name":"Fluorescence Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Spectroscopy?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63072007]'), work: {"id":63072007,"title":"Galactosidase Assays of Single-Cell Lysates on a Microchip: A Complementary Method for Enzymatic Analysis of Single Cells","created_at":"2021-12-03T00:49:25.751-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63072007/Galactosidase_Assays_of_Single_Cell_Lysates_on_a_Microchip_A_Complementary_Method_for_Enzymatic_Analysis_of_Single_Cells?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_63072007","summary":"The use of microfluidic glass chips for continuous single-cell lysis and assay of internal-Galactosidase (-Gal) content is described. Cells were transported single file toward a Y-shaped mixing junction at which lytic agents were introduced by suction. Flow velocities of 100 and 40 m/s were used under protein denaturing [35 mM sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)] and nondenaturing (0.1% Triton X-100) conditions, respectively. Complete and reproducible lysis of individual cells on-chip occurred within 30 s using Triton X-100 and 2 s when using SDS. Optimal concentrations of lysis and enzyme substrate reagents were determined using microtitre plate and chip-based procedures. Fluorescence peaks, due to the enzymatic product fluorescein mono-D-galactopyranoside (FMG), were detected downstream of the mixing and cell lysis point for the reaction of-Gal with 200 M of the fluorogenic substrate fluorescein-diD -galactopyranoside (FDG). FMG fluorescence was observed from cells preincubated with FDG off-chip then subsequently lysed on-chip with SDS. Unincubated cells were mixed on-chip with both FDG and Triton X-100, each individual cell generating FMG fluorescence downstream of the mixing point detected within 2 min of mixing. In contrast, viable cells incubated with FDG required 1 h or more in order to generate significant signal in a flow cytometer.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75620058,"asset_id":63072007,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33253641,"first_name":"Gregor","last_name":"Ocvirk","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"GregorOcvirk","display_name":"Gregor Ocvirk","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/GregorOcvirk?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":1525,"name":"Fluorescence Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Spectroscopy?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":2721,"name":"Microfluidics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfluidics?f_ri=130447"},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence?f_ri=130447"},{"id":7742,"name":"Glass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass?f_ri=130447"},{"id":15375,"name":"Capillary electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capillary_electrophoresis?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=130447"},{"id":205433,"name":"Laser Induced Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser_Induced_Fluorescence?f_ri=130447"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=130447"},{"id":235046,"name":"Single Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Cell?f_ri=130447"},{"id":371425,"name":"Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophoresis?f_ri=130447"},{"id":601516,"name":"Flow Velocity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Velocity?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1407459,"name":"DT Signal+generators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DT_Signal_generators?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4850860" data-work_id="4850860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4850860/Purification_and_Characterization_of_Chitinases_from_the_Nematophagous_Fungi_Verticillium_chlamydosporium_and_V_suchlasporium">Purification and Characterization of Chitinases from the Nematophagous Fungi Verticillium chlamydosporium and V. suchlasporium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase was purified from wheat bran and characterized. The purified enzyme showed two protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with molecular mass of 75 and 78 kDa. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4850860" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase was purified from wheat bran and characterized. The purified enzyme showed two protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with molecular mass of 75 and 78 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature at 5.0 and 50 o C, respectively. The enzyme was active on the substrates of p-nitrophenyl-Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (pNP-GlcNAc) and p-nitrophenyl-Nacetyl-β-D-galactosaminide (pNP-GalNAc), whereas inactive on pNP-β-D-glucopyranoside, pNP-β-D-galactopyranoside, swollen chitin, and colloidal chitin, suggesting high substrate specificity. The enzyme activity for pNP-GlcNAc was stable at pH 3-6 and under 50 o C. The K m , V max and K cat for pNP-GlcNAc were 0.014 mM, 0.05 µmol/min, and 3.01×10 6 min −1 , respectively. The enzyme could be completely inhibited at 1-10 mM HgCl 2 and AgNO 3, suggesting that the intact thiol group is essential for activity. β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from wheat bran could inhibit the conidial germination and digest the hyphae of Fusarium solani.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4850860" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8067f6f2148518c74441a6bc42c8d619" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49601086,"asset_id":4850860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49601086/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6294908" href="https://udec-cl.academia.edu/HansSalinas">Hans Salinas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6294908" type="text/json">{"id":6294908,"first_name":"Hans","last_name":"Salinas","domain_name":"udec-cl","page_name":"HansSalinas","display_name":"Hans Salinas","profile_url":"https://udec-cl.academia.edu/HansSalinas?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4850860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4850860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4850860, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4850860", }); 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The purified enzyme showed two protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with molecular mass of 75 and 78 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature at 5.0 and 50 o C, respectively. The enzyme was active on the substrates of p-nitrophenyl-Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (pNP-GlcNAc) and p-nitrophenyl-Nacetyl-β-D-galactosaminide (pNP-GalNAc), whereas inactive on pNP-β-D-glucopyranoside, pNP-β-D-galactopyranoside, swollen chitin, and colloidal chitin, suggesting high substrate specificity. The enzyme activity for pNP-GlcNAc was stable at pH 3-6 and under 50 o C. The K m , V max and K cat for pNP-GlcNAc were 0.014 mM, 0.05 µmol/min, and 3.01×10 6 min −1 , respectively. The enzyme could be completely inhibited at 1-10 mM HgCl 2 and AgNO 3, suggesting that the intact thiol group is essential for activity. β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from wheat bran could inhibit the conidial germination and digest the hyphae of Fusarium solani.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49601086,"asset_id":4850860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6294908,"first_name":"Hans","last_name":"Salinas","domain_name":"udec-cl","page_name":"HansSalinas","display_name":"Hans Salinas","profile_url":"https://udec-cl.academia.edu/HansSalinas?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=130447"},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=130447"},{"id":14907,"name":"Industrial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Biotechnology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=130447"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447"},{"id":55172,"name":"Streptomyces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Streptomyces?f_ri=130447"},{"id":70061,"name":"Food Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Biochemistry?f_ri=130447"},{"id":73035,"name":"Microbiology and Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology_and_Biotechnology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":74761,"name":"Industrial microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_microbiology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=130447"},{"id":160656,"name":"Potassium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium?f_ri=130447"},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=130447"},{"id":207536,"name":"Red Algae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Algae?f_ri=130447"},{"id":295729,"name":"Protein expression and purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_expression_and_purification?f_ri=130447"},{"id":328449,"name":"Molecules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecules?f_ri=130447"},{"id":371425,"name":"Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophoresis?f_ri=130447"},{"id":432129,"name":"Substrate Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substrate_Specificity?f_ri=130447"},{"id":437728,"name":"Isoenzymes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isoenzymes?f_ri=130447"},{"id":461851,"name":"Diptera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diptera?f_ri=130447"},{"id":517824,"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungal_Genetics_and_Biology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":529713,"name":"Chitinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chitinase?f_ri=130447"},{"id":564460,"name":"Protoplasts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protoplasts?f_ri=130447"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=130447"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1169238,"name":"Chitin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chitin?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1746898,"name":"BASIDIOMYCOTA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BASIDIOMYCOTA?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4370090" data-work_id="4370090" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4370090/Ambulation_After_Incomplete_Spinal_Cord_Injury_With_EMG_Triggered_Functional_Electrical_Stimulation">Ambulation After Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury With EMG-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) retain some control of the partially paralyzed muscles, necessitating careful integration of functional electrical stimulation (FES) with intact motor function. In this communication,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4370090" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) retain some control of the partially paralyzed muscles, necessitating careful integration of functional electrical stimulation (FES) with intact motor function. In this communication, the volitional surface electromyogram (sEMG) from partially paralyzed muscle was used to detect the intent to step in an iSCI volunteer. The classifier was able to trigger the FES-assisted swing phase with a false positive rate less than 1% and true positive rate of 82% for left foot-off (FO) and 83% for right FO over 110 steps taken during three testing sessions spread over a week.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4370090" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="964be53bf2c4e4d178d4757410c8ab48" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49900712,"asset_id":4370090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49900712/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5342748" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnirbanDutta3">Anirban Dutta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5342748" type="text/json">{"id":5342748,"first_name":"Anirban","last_name":"Dutta","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnirbanDutta3","display_name":"Anirban Dutta","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnirbanDutta3?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4370090 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4370090"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4370090, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4370090", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4370090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4370090").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4370090").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4370090"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22824" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injury">Spinal Cord Injury</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22824" type="text/json">{"id":22824,"name":"Spinal Cord Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injury?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Electrical_Stimulation">Functional Electrical Stimulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46043" type="text/json">{"id":46043,"name":"Functional Electrical Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Electrical_Stimulation?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4370090]'), work: {"id":4370090,"title":"Ambulation After Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury With EMG-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation","created_at":"2013-08-30T12:56:22.556-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4370090/Ambulation_After_Incomplete_Spinal_Cord_Injury_With_EMG_Triggered_Functional_Electrical_Stimulation?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_4370090","summary":"Individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) retain some control of the partially paralyzed muscles, necessitating careful integration of functional electrical stimulation (FES) with intact motor function. In this communication, the volitional surface electromyogram (sEMG) from partially paralyzed muscle was used to detect the intent to step in an iSCI volunteer. The classifier was able to trigger the FES-assisted swing phase with a false positive rate less than 1% and true positive rate of 82% for left foot-off (FO) and 83% for right FO over 110 steps taken during three testing sessions spread over a week.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49900712,"asset_id":4370090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5342748,"first_name":"Anirban","last_name":"Dutta","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnirbanDutta3","display_name":"Anirban Dutta","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnirbanDutta3?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":22824,"name":"Spinal Cord Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injury?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":46043,"name":"Functional Electrical Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Electrical_Stimulation?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":60256,"name":"Gait","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gait?f_ri=130447"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=130447"},{"id":73118,"name":"Walking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Walking?f_ri=130447"},{"id":81812,"name":"Gait Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gait_Analysis?f_ri=130447"},{"id":97585,"name":"User interfaces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/User_interfaces?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":170918,"name":"Electromyography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromyography?f_ri=130447"},{"id":172678,"name":"Artifacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artifacts?f_ri=130447"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=130447"},{"id":441660,"name":"Motor Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_Function?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1011135,"name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injuries?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1032327,"name":"False Positive Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/False_Positive_Rate?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1145520,"name":"Equipment Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Design?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1277387,"name":"Electromyogram","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromyogram?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1300379,"name":"Muscle Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscle_Activity?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66655763" data-work_id="66655763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66655763/Nimbya_alternantherae_a_potential_biocontrol_agent_for_alligatorweed_Alternanthera_philoxeroides">Nimbya alternantherae a potential biocontrol agent for alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Alligatorweed, (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.), an aquatic and wetland plant native to South America, is an aggressive weed in many parts of the world. Its ability to compete with other native plants and to impede waterways... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66655763" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Alligatorweed, (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.), an aquatic and wetland plant native to South America, is an aggressive weed in many parts of the world. Its ability to compete with other native plants and to impede waterways has made it a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. Although biological control with insects has been fairly successful in aquatic habitats, there is a need for additional agents to manage the weed in upland sites. Accordingly, in a survey in Brazil in 1997 a fungus, Nimbya (=Alternaria) alternantherae (Holcomb and Antonopoulus) Simmons and Alcorn, was discovered and confirmed to be highly damaging to alligatorweed. Studies were conducted to determine the potential of this fungus for controlling this weed. Several isolates from Brazil, USA, and Puerto Rico were compared and no differences in virulence were observed, although a lower dew requirement was demonstrated for the Brazilian isolates. Conidia were more effective than mycelial suspension, and inoculum concentrations of 1 • 10 5 and 1 • 10 6 conidia per ml provided significant levels of control of the weed in greenhouse and field experiments, respectively. In a host-range study, N. alternantherae infected 6 plant species from a total of 42 species belonging to 23 families. N. alternantherae has the potential to be an effective mycoherbicide for alligatorweed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66655763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d186472c7955b59f2a2934e5fa7d934" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77761983,"asset_id":66655763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77761983/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="76143527" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlanPomella">Alan Pomella</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="76143527" type="text/json">{"id":76143527,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Pomella","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlanPomella","display_name":"Alan Pomella","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlanPomella?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/76143527/24497857/23396622/s65_alan.pomella.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66655763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66655763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66655763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66655763", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66655763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66655763").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66655763").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66655763"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15346" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15346" type="text/json">{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control">Biological Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23515" type="text/json">{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66655763]'), work: {"id":66655763,"title":"Nimbya alternantherae a potential biocontrol agent for alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides","created_at":"2021-12-30T19:41:15.614-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66655763/Nimbya_alternantherae_a_potential_biocontrol_agent_for_alligatorweed_Alternanthera_philoxeroides?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_66655763","summary":"Alligatorweed, (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.), an aquatic and wetland plant native to South America, is an aggressive weed in many parts of the world. Its ability to compete with other native plants and to impede waterways has made it a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. Although biological control with insects has been fairly successful in aquatic habitats, there is a need for additional agents to manage the weed in upland sites. Accordingly, in a survey in Brazil in 1997 a fungus, Nimbya (=Alternaria) alternantherae (Holcomb and Antonopoulus) Simmons and Alcorn, was discovered and confirmed to be highly damaging to alligatorweed. Studies were conducted to determine the potential of this fungus for controlling this weed. Several isolates from Brazil, USA, and Puerto Rico were compared and no differences in virulence were observed, although a lower dew requirement was demonstrated for the Brazilian isolates. Conidia were more effective than mycelial suspension, and inoculum concentrations of 1 • 10 5 and 1 • 10 6 conidia per ml provided significant levels of control of the weed in greenhouse and field experiments, respectively. In a host-range study, N. alternantherae infected 6 plant species from a total of 42 species belonging to 23 families. N. alternantherae has the potential to be an effective mycoherbicide for alligatorweed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77761983,"asset_id":66655763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":76143527,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Pomella","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlanPomella","display_name":"Alan Pomella","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlanPomella?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/76143527/24497857/23396622/s65_alan.pomella.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":53796,"name":"Aquatic Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Ecosystem?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":148391,"name":"Field Experiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Experiment?f_ri=130447"},{"id":176798,"name":"South America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_America?f_ri=130447"},{"id":256810,"name":"Native Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_Plants?f_ri=130447"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447"},{"id":586072,"name":"Plant species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_species?f_ri=130447"},{"id":750576,"name":"Host Range","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Range?f_ri=130447"},{"id":815663,"name":"Aquatic Weeds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Weeds?f_ri=130447"},{"id":2629377,"name":"Aquatic habitat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_habitat?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3095475" data-work_id="3095475" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3095475/Finger_Movement_Classification_for_an_Electrocorticographic_BCI">Finger Movement Classification for an Electrocorticographic BCI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We study the problem of distinguishing between individual finger movements of one hand using electrocorticographic (ECOG) signals. In previous work, we have shown that ECOG signals have high predictive accuracy and spatial resolution for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3095475" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We study the problem of distinguishing between individual finger movements of one hand using electrocorticographic (ECOG) signals. In previous work, we have shown that ECOG signals have high predictive accuracy and spatial resolution for classifying hand versus tongue movements. In this paper, we significantly extend this paradigm by studying the first 5-class classification problem for ECOG, and show that an average 5-class error of 23% across 6 subjects is possible using as little as 10min of training data. In addition to opening up possibilities for higher-bandwidth brain-computer interfaces, the use of finger movements for control may yield a more intuitive mapping from ECOG signals to control of a prosthetic. Although this study uses real movements, our results provide the foundation for understanding ECOG signal changes during finger movement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3095475" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a30919f9f7489e6970f31fb5eb8bda2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31025202,"asset_id":3095475,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31025202/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3560012" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YaoLi1">Yao Li</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3560012" type="text/json">{"id":3560012,"first_name":"Yao","last_name":"Li","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YaoLi1","display_name":"Yao Li","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YaoLi1?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3560012/1230857/1537992/s65_yao.li.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3095475 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3095475"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3095475, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3095475", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3095475]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3095475").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3095475").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3095475"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="472" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Computer_Interaction">Human Computer Interaction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="472" type="text/json">{"id":472,"name":"Human Computer Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Computer_Interaction?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11880" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Computer_Interface">Brain Computer Interface</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11880" type="text/json">{"id":11880,"name":"Brain Computer Interface","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Computer_Interface?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56568" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motion_compensation">Motion compensation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56568" type="text/json">{"id":56568,"name":"Motion compensation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motion_compensation?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="86833" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Computer_Interfaces">Brain Computer Interfaces</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="86833" type="text/json">{"id":86833,"name":"Brain Computer Interfaces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Computer_Interfaces?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3095475]'), work: {"id":3095475,"title":"Finger Movement Classification for an Electrocorticographic BCI","created_at":"2013-03-24T10:02:09.053-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3095475/Finger_Movement_Classification_for_an_Electrocorticographic_BCI?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_3095475","summary":"We study the problem of distinguishing between individual finger movements of one hand using electrocorticographic (ECOG) signals. In previous work, we have shown that ECOG signals have high predictive accuracy and spatial resolution for classifying hand versus tongue movements. In this paper, we significantly extend this paradigm by studying the first 5-class classification problem for ECOG, and show that an average 5-class error of 23% across 6 subjects is possible using as little as 10min of training data. In addition to opening up possibilities for higher-bandwidth brain-computer interfaces, the use of finger movements for control may yield a more intuitive mapping from ECOG signals to control of a prosthetic. Although this study uses real movements, our results provide the foundation for understanding ECOG signal changes during finger movement.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31025202,"asset_id":3095475,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3560012,"first_name":"Yao","last_name":"Li","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YaoLi1","display_name":"Yao Li","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YaoLi1?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3560012/1230857/1537992/s65_yao.li.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":472,"name":"Human Computer Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Computer_Interaction?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":11880,"name":"Brain Computer Interface","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Computer_Interface?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":56568,"name":"Motion compensation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motion_compensation?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":86833,"name":"Brain Computer Interfaces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Computer_Interfaces?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":142620,"name":"Training data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Training_data?f_ri=130447"},{"id":604200,"name":"Spatial resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_resolution?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1671808,"name":"Prediction Accuracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction_Accuracy?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12896549 coauthored" data-work_id="12896549" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12896549/Development_of_resources_for_the_analysis_of_gene_function_in_Pucciniomycotina_red_yeasts">Development of resources for the analysis of gene function in Pucciniomycotina red yeasts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Pucciniomycotina is an important subphylum of basidiomycete fungi but with limited tools to analyze gene functions. Transformation protocols were established for a Sporobolomyces species (strain IAM 13481), the first Pucciniomycotina... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12896549" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Pucciniomycotina is an important subphylum of basidiomycete fungi but with limited tools to analyze gene functions. Transformation protocols were established for a Sporobolomyces species (strain IAM 13481), the first Pucciniomycotina species with a completed draft genome sequence, to enable assessment of gene function through phenotypic characterization of mutant strains. Transformation markers were the URA3 and URA5 genes that enable selection and counter-selection based on uracil auxotrophy and resistance to 5-fluoroorotic acid. The wild type copies of these genes were cloned into plasmids that were used for transformation of Sporobolomyces sp. by both biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated approaches. These resources have been deposited to be available from the Fungal Genetics Stock Center. To show that these techniques could be used to elucidate gene functions, the LEU1 gene was targeted for specific homologous replacement, and also demonstrating that this gene is required for the biosynthesis of leucine in basidiomycete fungi. T-DNA insertional mutants were isolated and further characterized, revealing insertions in genes that encode the homologs of Chs7, Erg3, Kre6, Kex1, Pik1, Sad1, Ssu1 and Tlg1. Phenotypic analysis of these mutants reveals both conserved and divergent functions compared with other fungi. Some of these strains exhibit reduced resistance to detergents, the antifungal agent fluconazole or sodium sulfite, or lower recovery from heat stress. While there are current experimental limitations for Sporobolomyces sp. such as the lack of Mendelian genetics for conventional mating, these findings demonstrate the facile nature of at least one Pucciniomycotina species for genetic manipulation and the potential to develop these organisms into new models for understanding gene function and evolution in the fungi.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12896549" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb5e008d11da6dffef306a6cc4a8ed79" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45861334,"asset_id":12896549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45861334/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32051792" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GiuseppeIaniri">Giuseppe Ianiri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32051792" type="text/json">{"id":32051792,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Ianiri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GiuseppeIaniri","display_name":"Giuseppe Ianiri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GiuseppeIaniri?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12896549">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12896549"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderIdnurm">Alexander Idnurm</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12896549'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12896549').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12896549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12896549"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12896549, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12896549", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12896549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12896549; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12896549"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12896549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12896549"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12896549; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12896549]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12896549").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12896549").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12896549"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64089" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics_and_Microbial_Biotechnology">Genetics & Microbial Biotechnology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64089" type="text/json">{"id":64089,"name":"Genetics \u0026 Microbial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics_and_Microbial_Biotechnology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12896549]'), work: {"id":12896549,"title":"Development of resources for the analysis of gene function in Pucciniomycotina red yeasts","created_at":"2015-06-10T00:08:06.812-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12896549/Development_of_resources_for_the_analysis_of_gene_function_in_Pucciniomycotina_red_yeasts?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_12896549","summary":"The Pucciniomycotina is an important subphylum of basidiomycete fungi but with limited tools to analyze gene functions. Transformation protocols were established for a Sporobolomyces species (strain IAM 13481), the first Pucciniomycotina species with a completed draft genome sequence, to enable assessment of gene function through phenotypic characterization of mutant strains. Transformation markers were the URA3 and URA5 genes that enable selection and counter-selection based on uracil auxotrophy and resistance to 5-fluoroorotic acid. The wild type copies of these genes were cloned into plasmids that were used for transformation of Sporobolomyces sp. by both biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated approaches. These resources have been deposited to be available from the Fungal Genetics Stock Center. To show that these techniques could be used to elucidate gene functions, the LEU1 gene was targeted for specific homologous replacement, and also demonstrating that this gene is required for the biosynthesis of leucine in basidiomycete fungi. T-DNA insertional mutants were isolated and further characterized, revealing insertions in genes that encode the homologs of Chs7, Erg3, Kre6, Kex1, Pik1, Sad1, Ssu1 and Tlg1. Phenotypic analysis of these mutants reveals both conserved and divergent functions compared with other fungi. Some of these strains exhibit reduced resistance to detergents, the antifungal agent fluconazole or sodium sulfite, or lower recovery from heat stress. While there are current experimental limitations for Sporobolomyces sp. such as the lack of Mendelian genetics for conventional mating, these findings demonstrate the facile nature of at least one Pucciniomycotina species for genetic manipulation and the potential to develop these organisms into new models for understanding gene function and evolution in the fungi.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45861334,"asset_id":12896549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32051792,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Ianiri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GiuseppeIaniri","display_name":"Giuseppe Ianiri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GiuseppeIaniri?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32040229,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Idnurm","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexanderIdnurm","display_name":"Alexander Idnurm","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderIdnurm?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":64089,"name":"Genetics \u0026 Microbial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics_and_Microbial_Biotechnology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":143509,"name":"Genetic transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_transformation?f_ri=130447"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids?f_ri=130447"},{"id":383248,"name":"Heat stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_stress?f_ri=130447"},{"id":417921,"name":"Gene Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Function?f_ri=130447"},{"id":502720,"name":"Gene Targeting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Targeting?f_ri=130447"},{"id":517824,"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungal_Genetics_and_Biology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":552209,"name":"Antifungal Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Agents?f_ri=130447"},{"id":732028,"name":"Genome sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome_sequence?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1746898,"name":"BASIDIOMYCOTA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BASIDIOMYCOTA?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49309481 coauthored" data-work_id="49309481" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49309481/Heavy_metal_contamination_at_dumpsites_at_Eldoret_Kenya_in_the_Lake_Victoria_Basin">Heavy metal contamination at dumpsites at Eldoret, Kenya, in the Lake Victoria Basin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study assessed the heavy metals concentrations in municipal solid wastes at Eldoret Mwenderi dumpsites located at the shores of river Sosiani within the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Concentrations of the three heavy metals analysed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49309481" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study assessed the heavy metals concentrations in municipal solid wastes at Eldoret Mwenderi dumpsites located at the shores of river Sosiani within the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Concentrations of the three heavy metals analysed (lead, arsenic and cadmium) in water and leachate were higher than the WHO acceptable standards. Lead concentrations in solid wastes were slightly above East African acceptable standards but well above the US EPA compost standards. The wastes dumped in this site are not sorted and the dumpsite lacks a leachate collection and removal system. Lack of composite liners at the bottom and side of the dumpsite allow leachates to move into the ground water around the dumpsite. These metals are a potential threat to Lake Victoria and regular monitoring of ground and surface water of the surrounding area should be done to detect any heavy metals escaping the dumpsite.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49309481" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa99e20d29522063930bf697bedc19ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67688475,"asset_id":49309481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67688475/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28545913" href="https://kibabiiuniversity.academia.edu/MarthaKonje">Martha Konje</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28545913" type="text/json">{"id":28545913,"first_name":"Martha","last_name":"Konje","domain_name":"kibabiiuniversity","page_name":"MarthaKonje","display_name":"Martha Konje","profile_url":"https://kibabiiuniversity.academia.edu/MarthaKonje?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28545913/59072966/47312745/s65_martha.konje.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-49309481">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-49309481"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mu-ke.academia.edu/ChrispinusMulambalah">Chrispinus Mulambalah</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-49309481'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-49309481').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49309481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49309481"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49309481, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49309481", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49309481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49309481; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49309481"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49309481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49309481"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49309481; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49309481]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49309481").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49309481").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49309481"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25445" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution">Environmental Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25445" type="text/json">{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28380" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbial_Ecology">Soil Microbial Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28380" type="text/json">{"id":28380,"name":"Soil Microbial Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbial_Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Metals_in_Environment">Heavy Metals in Environment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="99137" type="text/json">{"id":99137,"name":"Heavy Metals in Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Metals_in_Environment?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49309481]'), work: {"id":49309481,"title":"Heavy metal contamination at dumpsites at Eldoret, Kenya, in the Lake Victoria Basin","created_at":"2021-06-20T09:18:15.630-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49309481/Heavy_metal_contamination_at_dumpsites_at_Eldoret_Kenya_in_the_Lake_Victoria_Basin?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_49309481","summary":"This study assessed the heavy metals concentrations in municipal solid wastes at Eldoret Mwenderi dumpsites located at the shores of river Sosiani within the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Concentrations of the three heavy metals analysed (lead, arsenic and cadmium) in water and leachate were higher than the WHO acceptable standards. Lead concentrations in solid wastes were slightly above East African acceptable standards but well above the US EPA compost standards. The wastes dumped in this site are not sorted and the dumpsite lacks a leachate collection and removal system. Lack of composite liners at the bottom and side of the dumpsite allow leachates to move into the ground water around the dumpsite. These metals are a potential threat to Lake Victoria and regular monitoring of ground and surface water of the surrounding area should be done to detect any heavy metals escaping the dumpsite.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67688475,"asset_id":49309481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28545913,"first_name":"Martha","last_name":"Konje","domain_name":"kibabiiuniversity","page_name":"MarthaKonje","display_name":"Martha Konje","profile_url":"https://kibabiiuniversity.academia.edu/MarthaKonje?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28545913/59072966/47312745/s65_martha.konje.jpg"},{"id":648094,"first_name":"Chrispinus","last_name":"Mulambalah","domain_name":"mu-ke","page_name":"ChrispinusMulambalah","display_name":"Chrispinus Mulambalah","profile_url":"https://mu-ke.academia.edu/ChrispinusMulambalah?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/648094/223701/261686/s65_chrispinus.mulambalah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":28380,"name":"Soil Microbial Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbial_Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":99137,"name":"Heavy Metals in Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Metals_in_Environment?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":1625117,"name":"Garbage Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garbage_Management?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20222941 coauthored" data-work_id="20222941" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20222941/Potential_of_a_granulovirus_isolate_to_control_Phthorimaea_operculella_Lepidoptera_Gelechiidae_">Potential of a granulovirus isolate to control Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study a Brazilian granulovirus strain, PhopGV, isolated from the potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella, was investigated regarding its potential for biological control and in vivo production. The relationship between... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20222941" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study a Brazilian granulovirus strain, PhopGV, isolated from the potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella, was investigated regarding its potential for biological control and in vivo production. The relationship between mortality of P. operculella larvae and virus concentration was determined at different temperatures on potato tubers and susceptibility of P. operculella to PhopGV was also determined on potato leaves. Virulence of Pho-pGV to P. operculella was not affected by temperatures from 18 to 30°C. The median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of larvae fed on potato foliage treated with PhopGV was not higher than that verified with larvae fed on treated tubers. Optimal conditions for production of virus-infected larvae were obtained by using the virus suspensions of 41 9 10 5 , 6.3 9 10 5 and 62 9 10 5 OBs ml -1 at 18, 24 and 30°C, which resulted in 32.0, 31.4 and 34.8% of infected larvae collected, respectively. The maximum percentage of infected larvae recovered from tubers was not affected by temperature. However, time for production of virusinfected larvae was longer at 18°C and shorter at 30°C. Persistence of PhopGV was determined on stored tubers and we observed that the virus remained effective for at least two months, causing up to 84.2% mortality of P. operculella at 1 9 10 7 OBs ml -1 . The pathogen was also highly virulent to tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta, inflicting high percentage of mortality, delaying larval growth and inhibiting pupation. This Brazilian PhopGV strain has potential to control PTM larvae on potato tubers at a broad range of temperature and can be produced in vivo using virus-treated tubers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20222941" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="94503446db2ab53c72b97d668a5e7264" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41221638,"asset_id":20222941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41221638/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41418784" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClariceGarciaBorgesDem%C3%A9trio">Clarice Garcia Borges Demétrio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41418784" type="text/json">{"id":41418784,"first_name":"Clarice Garcia Borges","last_name":"Demétrio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClariceGarciaBorgesDemétrio","display_name":"Clarice Garcia Borges Demétrio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClariceGarciaBorgesDem%C3%A9trio?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20222941">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20222941"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ItaloDelalibera">Italo Delalibera</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20222941'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20222941').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20222941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20222941"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20222941, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20222941", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20222941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20222941; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20222941"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20222941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20222941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20222941; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20222941]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20222941").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20222941").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20222941"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control">Biological Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23515" type="text/json">{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potato">Potato</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41418" type="text/json">{"id":41418,"name":"Potato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potato?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20222941]'), work: {"id":20222941,"title":"Potential of a granulovirus isolate to control Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)","created_at":"2016-01-13T08:30:09.930-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20222941/Potential_of_a_granulovirus_isolate_to_control_Phthorimaea_operculella_Lepidoptera_Gelechiidae_?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_20222941","summary":"In this study a Brazilian granulovirus strain, PhopGV, isolated from the potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella, was investigated regarding its potential for biological control and in vivo production. The relationship between mortality of P. operculella larvae and virus concentration was determined at different temperatures on potato tubers and susceptibility of P. operculella to PhopGV was also determined on potato leaves. Virulence of Pho-pGV to P. operculella was not affected by temperatures from 18 to 30°C. The median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of larvae fed on potato foliage treated with PhopGV was not higher than that verified with larvae fed on treated tubers. Optimal conditions for production of virus-infected larvae were obtained by using the virus suspensions of 41 9 10 5 , 6.3 9 10 5 and 62 9 10 5 OBs ml -1 at 18, 24 and 30°C, which resulted in 32.0, 31.4 and 34.8% of infected larvae collected, respectively. The maximum percentage of infected larvae recovered from tubers was not affected by temperature. However, time for production of virusinfected larvae was longer at 18°C and shorter at 30°C. Persistence of PhopGV was determined on stored tubers and we observed that the virus remained effective for at least two months, causing up to 84.2% mortality of P. operculella at 1 9 10 7 OBs ml -1 . The pathogen was also highly virulent to tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta, inflicting high percentage of mortality, delaying larval growth and inhibiting pupation. This Brazilian PhopGV strain has potential to control PTM larvae on potato tubers at a broad range of temperature and can be produced in vivo using virus-treated tubers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41221638,"asset_id":20222941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41418784,"first_name":"Clarice Garcia Borges","last_name":"Demétrio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClariceGarciaBorgesDemétrio","display_name":"Clarice Garcia Borges Demétrio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClariceGarciaBorgesDem%C3%A9trio?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":42054136,"first_name":"Italo","last_name":"Delalibera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ItaloDelalibera","display_name":"Italo Delalibera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ItaloDelalibera?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42054136/173440948/163454287/s65_italo.delalibera.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":41418,"name":"Potato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potato?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":188240,"name":"Tomato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato?f_ri=130447"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447"},{"id":816379,"name":"Virus infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus_infection?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1180667,"name":"Optimality Condition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Condition?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1312355,"name":"Potato Tuber Moth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potato_Tuber_Moth?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1202661" data-work_id="1202661" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1202661/Public_Planting_Establishment">Public Planting Establishment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this project is to investigate, describe, and define plant pests, diseases and disorders, vandalism in context with open public spaces and the historic and contemporary methods of identification, prevention, mitigation and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1202661" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this project is to investigate, describe, and define plant pests, diseases and disorders, vandalism in context with open public spaces and the historic and contemporary methods of identification, prevention, mitigation and control.<br /> Without a thorough understanding of the susceptibility of planting schemes to pest, disease, disorders and vandalism and how to manage/prevent them, poor design will be inevitable.  Planners, developers, local authorities, etc, are looking towards environmental (sustainable) design for efficient, cost effective schemes.  Environmental design is “the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment and services to comply with the principles of the economic, social and ecological sustainability” (McLennan, 2004).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1202661" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8e229230e727fe7568c077b77d52a6e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7464761,"asset_id":1202661,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7464761/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="946104" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoeClancy2">Joe Clancy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="946104" type="text/json">{"id":946104,"first_name":"Joe","last_name":"Clancy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoeClancy2","display_name":"Joe Clancy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoeClancy2?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/946104/3647852/8420202/s65_joe.clancy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1202661 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1202661"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1202661, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1202661", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1202661 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1202661; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1202661"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1202661 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1202661"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1202661; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1202661]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1202661").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1202661").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1202661"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1042" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture">Horticulture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1042" type="text/json">{"id":1042,"name":"Horticulture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3183" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Architecture">Landscape Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3183" type="text/json">{"id":3183,"name":"Landscape Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Architecture?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1202661]'), work: {"id":1202661,"title":"Public Planting Establishment","created_at":"2012-01-05T16:44:01.933-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1202661/Public_Planting_Establishment?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_1202661","summary":"The purpose of this project is to investigate, describe, and define plant pests, diseases and disorders, vandalism in context with open public spaces and the historic and contemporary methods of identification, prevention, mitigation and control.\n\tWithout a thorough understanding of the susceptibility of planting schemes to pest, disease, disorders and vandalism and how to manage/prevent them, poor design will be inevitable. Planners, developers, local authorities, etc, are looking towards environmental (sustainable) design for efficient, cost effective schemes. Environmental design is “the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment and services to comply with the principles of the economic, social and ecological sustainability” (McLennan, 2004).\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7464761,"asset_id":1202661,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":946104,"first_name":"Joe","last_name":"Clancy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoeClancy2","display_name":"Joe Clancy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoeClancy2?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/946104/3647852/8420202/s65_joe.clancy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1042,"name":"Horticulture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":3183,"name":"Landscape Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Architecture?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":24061,"name":"Sustainable Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Design?f_ri=130447"},{"id":44785,"name":"Multidisciplinary design practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary_design_practices?f_ri=130447"},{"id":66749,"name":"Landscape Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Design?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":968754,"name":"Plant Disease Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Disease_Management?f_ri=130447"},{"id":968761,"name":"Oilseeds Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oilseeds_Pathology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":968763,"name":"Pulse Pest Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulse_Pest_Protection?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16539172" data-work_id="16539172" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16539172/Ground_dwelling_predators_can_affect_within_field_pest_insect_emergence_in_winter_oilseed_rape_fields">Ground-dwelling predators can affect within-field pest insect emergence in winter oilseed rape fields</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We investigated, (i) whether the emergence from pupation of two coleopteran pest insect groups in oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus L.)pollen beetles (Meligethes spp. F., Nitidulidae) and stem weevils (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16539172" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We investigated, (i) whether the emergence from pupation of two coleopteran pest insect groups in oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus L.)pollen beetles (Meligethes spp. F., Nitidulidae) and stem weevils (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh and C. napi Gyll., Curculionidae)-is affected by the exclusion of ground-dwelling predatory arthropods, and (ii) the role for pest control of the widely abundant carabid beetles Anchomenus dorsalis Pontop. and Poecilus cupreus L. Densities of ground-dwelling arthropods were manipulated using enclosures; emerging pest adults were assessed using emergence traps. Where arthropods had been excluded, between two (June sampling) and tenfold (August sampling) more stem weevils emerged than where predators had free access. The addition of 25 adult A. dorsalis m -2 to formerly predator-free enclosures showed similar stem weevil emergence than plots where predators had free access; the addition of 25 adult P. cupreus m -2 did not reduce stem weevil emergence. In August, both A. dorsalis and P. cupreus additions marginally significantly reduced pollen beetle emergence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16539172" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f30b12cc5c968274ef25b8aa74ea80f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42443990,"asset_id":16539172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42443990/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35809691" href="https://boku.academia.edu/JohannZaller">Johann Zaller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35809691" type="text/json">{"id":35809691,"first_name":"Johann","last_name":"Zaller","domain_name":"boku","page_name":"JohannZaller","display_name":"Johann Zaller","profile_url":"https://boku.academia.edu/JohannZaller?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16539172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16539172"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16539172, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16539172", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16539172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16539172; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16539172"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16539172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16539172"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16539172; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16539172]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16539172").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16539172").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16539172"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="196649" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pest_control">Pest control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="196649" type="text/json">{"id":196649,"name":"Pest control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pest_control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES">CHEMICAL SCIENCES</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="260118" type="text/json">{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16539172]'), work: {"id":16539172,"title":"Ground-dwelling predators can affect within-field pest insect emergence in winter oilseed rape fields","created_at":"2015-10-07T06:19:33.768-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16539172/Ground_dwelling_predators_can_affect_within_field_pest_insect_emergence_in_winter_oilseed_rape_fields?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_16539172","summary":"We investigated, (i) whether the emergence from pupation of two coleopteran pest insect groups in oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus L.)pollen beetles (Meligethes spp. F., Nitidulidae) and stem weevils (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh and C. napi Gyll., Curculionidae)-is affected by the exclusion of ground-dwelling predatory arthropods, and (ii) the role for pest control of the widely abundant carabid beetles Anchomenus dorsalis Pontop. and Poecilus cupreus L. Densities of ground-dwelling arthropods were manipulated using enclosures; emerging pest adults were assessed using emergence traps. Where arthropods had been excluded, between two (June sampling) and tenfold (August sampling) more stem weevils emerged than where predators had free access. The addition of 25 adult A. dorsalis m -2 to formerly predator-free enclosures showed similar stem weevil emergence than plots where predators had free access; the addition of 25 adult P. cupreus m -2 did not reduce stem weevil emergence. In August, both A. dorsalis and P. cupreus additions marginally significantly reduced pollen beetle emergence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42443990,"asset_id":16539172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35809691,"first_name":"Johann","last_name":"Zaller","domain_name":"boku","page_name":"JohannZaller","display_name":"Johann Zaller","profile_url":"https://boku.academia.edu/JohannZaller?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":196649,"name":"Pest control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pest_control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":376280,"name":"Brassica Napus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brassica_Napus?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68563662" data-work_id="68563662" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68563662/Measures_of_postural_steadiness_differences_between_healthy_young_and_elderly_adults">Measures of postural steadiness: differences between healthy young and elderly adults</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Measures of postural steadiness are used to characterize the dynamics of the postural control system associated with maintaining balance during quiet standing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative sensitivity of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68563662" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Measures of postural steadiness are used to characterize the dynamics of the postural control system associated with maintaining balance during quiet standing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative sensitivity of center-ofpressure (COP)-based measures to changes in postural steadiness related to age. A variety of time and frequency domain measures of postural steadiness were compared between a group of twenty healthy young adults (21-35 years) and a group of twenty healthy elderly adults (66-70 years) under both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. The measures that identified differences between the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions in the young adult group were different than those that identified differences between the eye conditions in the elderly adult group. Mean velocity of the COP was the only measure that identified age-related changes in both eye conditions, and differences between eye conditions in both age groups. The results of this study will be useful to researchers and clinicians using COP-based measures to evaluate postural steadiness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68563662" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7917eb36a52eeeb98092affe2c2ab0d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78995559,"asset_id":68563662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78995559/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3254034" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoelMyklebust">Joel Myklebust</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3254034" type="text/json">{"id":3254034,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Myklebust","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoelMyklebust","display_name":"Joel Myklebust","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoelMyklebust?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3254034/107965594/97191310/s65_joel.myklebust.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68563662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68563662"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68563662, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68563662", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68563662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68563662; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68563662"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68563662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68563662"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68563662; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68563662]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68563662").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68563662").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68563662"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68563662]'), work: {"id":68563662,"title":"Measures of postural steadiness: differences between healthy young and elderly adults","created_at":"2022-01-17T14:51:51.235-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68563662/Measures_of_postural_steadiness_differences_between_healthy_young_and_elderly_adults?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_68563662","summary":"Measures of postural steadiness are used to characterize the dynamics of the postural control system associated with maintaining balance during quiet standing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative sensitivity of center-ofpressure (COP)-based measures to changes in postural steadiness related to age. A variety of time and frequency domain measures of postural steadiness were compared between a group of twenty healthy young adults (21-35 years) and a group of twenty healthy elderly adults (66-70 years) under both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. The measures that identified differences between the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions in the young adult group were different than those that identified differences between the eye conditions in the elderly adult group. Mean velocity of the COP was the only measure that identified age-related changes in both eye conditions, and differences between eye conditions in both age groups. The results of this study will be useful to researchers and clinicians using COP-based measures to evaluate postural steadiness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78995559,"asset_id":68563662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3254034,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Myklebust","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoelMyklebust","display_name":"Joel Myklebust","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoelMyklebust?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3254034/107965594/97191310/s65_joel.myklebust.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":24831,"name":"Fractals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fractals?f_ri=130447"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=130447"},{"id":36237,"name":"Biomedical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=130447"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=130447"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=130447"},{"id":704276,"name":"Postural Balance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postural_Balance?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1470936,"name":"Age Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Groups?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1473462,"name":"Center of Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Center_of_Pressure?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1625072,"name":"Frequency Domain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frequency_Domain?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73275535" data-work_id="73275535" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73275535/Biocontrol_of_Wilt_Disease_on_Pepper_Using_Endophytic_Bacteria_in_Malang_Indonesia">Biocontrol of Wilt Disease on Pepper Using Endophytic Bacteria in Malang Indonesia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Wilt disease is one important disease on pepper that cause by Ralstonia solanacearum, be potential limiting factor of product and impact on economic country. Control of it using some technique have not been success. Biocontrol of it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73275535" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Wilt disease is one important disease on pepper that cause by Ralstonia solanacearum, be potential limiting factor of product and impact on economic country. Control of it using some technique have not been success. Biocontrol of it using endophytic bacteria is one alternative control methods and support sustainable agriculture. The object of these experiment are to select of endophytic bacteria that was pepper bacterial wilt disease. There are 10 isolates successfully isolated and two isolates are Ps 1 and Ps 8 can inhibit of wilt disease based on antagonistic test in vitro using seed coat method and ananforming inhibition zone size 4-7 mm so ability suppress of wilt disease in vivo test in green house. In vivo test in green house using pepper plant that 30 days age and aplicate of endophytic bacteria using root soak technique. The result show the two isolates are Ps 1 and Ps 8 have incubation period 15-16 days and significantly suppress disease incidence until 8.07-9.19%. Keywo...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73275535" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="547fb0f2c1e1ab5e0d22e726ae8aa0bc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81858394,"asset_id":73275535,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81858394/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="169002273" href="https://independent.academia.edu/arikapurnawati1">arika purnawati</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="169002273" type="text/json">{"id":169002273,"first_name":"arika","last_name":"purnawati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"arikapurnawati1","display_name":"arika purnawati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/arikapurnawati1?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/169002273/104742482/93933949/s65_arika.purnawati.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73275535 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73275535"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73275535, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73275535", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73275535 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73275535; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73275535"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73275535 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73275535"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73275535; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73275535]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73275535").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73275535").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73275535"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="382851" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endophytic_bacteria">Endophytic bacteria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="382851" type="text/json">{"id":382851,"name":"Endophytic bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endophytic_bacteria?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1617602" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wilt_disease">Wilt disease</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1617602" type="text/json">{"id":1617602,"name":"Wilt disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wilt_disease?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73275535]'), work: {"id":73275535,"title":"Biocontrol of Wilt Disease on Pepper Using Endophytic Bacteria in Malang Indonesia","created_at":"2022-03-07T15:51:36.675-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73275535/Biocontrol_of_Wilt_Disease_on_Pepper_Using_Endophytic_Bacteria_in_Malang_Indonesia?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_73275535","summary":"Wilt disease is one important disease on pepper that cause by Ralstonia solanacearum, be potential limiting factor of product and impact on economic country. Control of it using some technique have not been success. Biocontrol of it using endophytic bacteria is one alternative control methods and support sustainable agriculture. The object of these experiment are to select of endophytic bacteria that was pepper bacterial wilt disease. There are 10 isolates successfully isolated and two isolates are Ps 1 and Ps 8 can inhibit of wilt disease based on antagonistic test in vitro using seed coat method and ananforming inhibition zone size 4-7 mm so ability suppress of wilt disease in vivo test in green house. In vivo test in green house using pepper plant that 30 days age and aplicate of endophytic bacteria using root soak technique. The result show the two isolates are Ps 1 and Ps 8 have incubation period 15-16 days and significantly suppress disease incidence until 8.07-9.19%. Keywo...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81858394,"asset_id":73275535,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":169002273,"first_name":"arika","last_name":"purnawati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"arikapurnawati1","display_name":"arika purnawati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/arikapurnawati1?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/169002273/104742482/93933949/s65_arika.purnawati.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":382851,"name":"Endophytic bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endophytic_bacteria?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":1617602,"name":"Wilt disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wilt_disease?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17876718" data-work_id="17876718" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17876718/Lethal_and_sub_lethal_effects_of_insecticides_on_natural_enemies_of_citrus_scale_pests">Lethal and sub-lethal effects of insecticides on natural enemies of citrus scale pests</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The long-term goal of this report is the documentation of the sublethal effects of pesticides to parasitic Hymenoptera. The objective of this laboratory study was to determine if parasitoids can be conserved or augmented against Bemisia... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17876718" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The long-term goal of this report is the documentation of the sublethal effects of pesticides to parasitic Hymenoptera. The objective of this laboratory study was to determine if parasitoids can be conserved or augmented against Bemisia argentifolii in crops where insecticides are also applied for other pests. Lethal and sublethal effects were measured for six insecticides applied in the laboratory to host larvae containing two different developmental stages each of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet from Spain and a common local species Eretmocerus tejanus Rose and Zolnerowich. Survival varied according to insecticide and developmental stage. When applied 5 days after parasitoid oviposition, thiodicarb allowed the highest rates of adult emergence by E. tejanus (65.9%) and E. mundus (35.8%). Endosulfan was the next least-toxic material, followed by the organophosphates azinphos-methyl and methyl parathion, and the insect growth regulator buprofezin. The pyrethroid bifenthrin was most toxic to both parasitoids in both developmental stages. When applied just before the expected emergence of adults, survival ranged from 47.2 to 92.2% with buprofezin, thiodicarb, and endosulfan. Some significant differences among treatments in longevity of emerged adults were detected, but females of both parasitoid species that survived the least-toxic materials were able to mate and reproduce. These findings demonstrate that there exists a wide range of responses by Bemisia parasitoids across a variety of chemicals, and that sublethal effects on the subsequent longevity and reproductive ability among survivors of the least-toxic chemicals were not severe. This study demonstrates the value of assessing sublethal effects of pesticides by showing that adult parasitoids that survive pesticides applied to immature stages within their host do not necessarily suffer latent detrimental effects on important biological parameters.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17876718" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="56ad2d4c348a567c39ceeea1101439da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39757845,"asset_id":17876718,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39757845/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4109881" href="https://usda-ars.academia.edu/WalkerJones">Walker Jones</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4109881" type="text/json">{"id":4109881,"first_name":"Walker","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"usda-ars","page_name":"WalkerJones","display_name":"Walker Jones","profile_url":"https://usda-ars.academia.edu/WalkerJones?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4109881/2188982/2565611/s65_walker.jones.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17876718 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17876718"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17876718, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17876718", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17876718]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17876718").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17876718").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17876718"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control">Biological Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23515" type="text/json">{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Affect">Negative Affect</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69825" type="text/json">{"id":69825,"name":"Negative Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Affect?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17876718]'), work: {"id":17876718,"title":"Lethal and sub-lethal effects of insecticides on natural enemies of citrus scale pests","created_at":"2015-11-06T12:32:50.354-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17876718/Lethal_and_sub_lethal_effects_of_insecticides_on_natural_enemies_of_citrus_scale_pests?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_17876718","summary":"The long-term goal of this report is the documentation of the sublethal effects of pesticides to parasitic Hymenoptera. The objective of this laboratory study was to determine if parasitoids can be conserved or augmented against Bemisia argentifolii in crops where insecticides are also applied for other pests. Lethal and sublethal effects were measured for six insecticides applied in the laboratory to host larvae containing two different developmental stages each of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet from Spain and a common local species Eretmocerus tejanus Rose and Zolnerowich. Survival varied according to insecticide and developmental stage. When applied 5 days after parasitoid oviposition, thiodicarb allowed the highest rates of adult emergence by E. tejanus (65.9%) and E. mundus (35.8%). Endosulfan was the next least-toxic material, followed by the organophosphates azinphos-methyl and methyl parathion, and the insect growth regulator buprofezin. The pyrethroid bifenthrin was most toxic to both parasitoids in both developmental stages. When applied just before the expected emergence of adults, survival ranged from 47.2 to 92.2% with buprofezin, thiodicarb, and endosulfan. Some significant differences among treatments in longevity of emerged adults were detected, but females of both parasitoid species that survived the least-toxic materials were able to mate and reproduce. These findings demonstrate that there exists a wide range of responses by Bemisia parasitoids across a variety of chemicals, and that sublethal effects on the subsequent longevity and reproductive ability among survivors of the least-toxic chemicals were not severe. This study demonstrates the value of assessing sublethal effects of pesticides by showing that adult parasitoids that survive pesticides applied to immature stages within their host do not necessarily suffer latent detrimental effects on important biological parameters.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39757845,"asset_id":17876718,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4109881,"first_name":"Walker","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"usda-ars","page_name":"WalkerJones","display_name":"Walker Jones","profile_url":"https://usda-ars.academia.edu/WalkerJones?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4109881/2188982/2565611/s65_walker.jones.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":69825,"name":"Negative Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Affect?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":90987,"name":"Sex ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_ratio?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447"},{"id":698785,"name":"Side Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Side_Effect?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54168410" data-work_id="54168410" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/54168410/Recent_advances_in_biological_control_of_submersed_aquatic_weeds">Recent advances in biological control of submersed aquatic weeds</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54168410" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa954fe27418454bd11ad33e0c8d419a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70663516,"asset_id":54168410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70663516/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="157762287" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelGrodowitz">Michael Grodowitz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="157762287" type="text/json">{"id":157762287,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Grodowitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelGrodowitz","display_name":"Michael Grodowitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelGrodowitz?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/157762287/65201852/53534038/s65_michael.grodowitz.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54168410 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54168410"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54168410, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54168410", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_54168410 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54168410; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_54168410"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_54168410 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54168410"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54168410; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54168410]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54168410").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54168410").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54168410"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7997" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_species_ecology">Invasive species ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7997" type="text/json">{"id":7997,"name":"Invasive species ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_species_ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11870" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species">Invasive Species</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11870" type="text/json">{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24598" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Plants">Aquatic Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24598" type="text/json">{"id":24598,"name":"Aquatic Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Plants?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54168410]'), work: {"id":54168410,"title":"Recent advances in biological control of submersed aquatic weeds","created_at":"2021-09-29T23:54:13.972-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54168410/Recent_advances_in_biological_control_of_submersed_aquatic_weeds?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_54168410","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70663516,"asset_id":54168410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":157762287,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Grodowitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelGrodowitz","display_name":"Michael Grodowitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelGrodowitz?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/157762287/65201852/53534038/s65_michael.grodowitz.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":7997,"name":"Invasive species ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_species_ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":24598,"name":"Aquatic Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Plants?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":53652,"name":"Lakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lakes?f_ri=130447"},{"id":53653,"name":"Aquatic Insects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Insects?f_ri=130447"},{"id":99865,"name":"Aquatic Macrophytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Macrophytes?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":132619,"name":"Aquatic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic?f_ri=130447"},{"id":141838,"name":"Herbivory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbivory?f_ri=130447"},{"id":2521043,"name":"Aquatic Plant Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Plant_Management?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32887285" data-work_id="32887285" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32887285/Biocontrol_of_Root_Diseases_byPseudomonas_fluorescens_CHA0_Current_Concepts_and_Experimental_Approaches">Biocontrol of Root Diseases byPseudomonas fluorescens CHA0: Current Concepts and Experimental Approaches</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Certain strains of fluorescent pseudomonads can effectively colonize plant roots and protect plants from diseases caused by a variety of root pathogens. Such beneficial or plant health-promoting strains are emerging as promising... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32887285" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Certain strains of fluorescent pseudomonads can effectively colonize plant roots and protect plants from diseases caused by a variety of root pathogens. Such beneficial or plant health-promoting strains are emerging as promising biocontrol agents. They are suited as soil inoculants either individually or in combination and may be compatible with current chemical pesticides (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). In our biocontrol studies, we have focused on Pseudomonasfluorescens strain CHAO, an isolate from a suppressive soil in the western part of Switzerland (9). This strain was originally shown to colonize tobacco roots and to suppress black root rot, which is caused by the fungus Thielaviopsis basicola (9, 10). Subsequent work has established that disease suppression by strain CHAO displays little specificity with respect to the host plant and the pathogen. Protected plants include wheat, cucumber, sugar beet, cotton, flax, corn, and cress. Pathogenic action of at least the following fungal pathogens can be reduced by strain CHAO: Pythium ultimum, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), Fusarium oxysporum f.s p. cucurbitaceae, Phomopsis sclerotioides, and Rhizoctonia solani (11, 12, 13, 14, 15; our unpublished data). Since the interactions between I! fluorescens, other organisms and the soil environment are extremely complex, it became important to develop reproducible methods that allow us to monitor the plant-beneficial effects of strain CHAO reliably and to analyze the traits that make it an effective biocontrol agent. In section 6.2 we will review some of our approaches to investigate the mechanisms by which strain CHAO achieves biological control.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32887285" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39eee8ac952bbee712270e8aa948fe44" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53028579,"asset_id":32887285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53028579/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63966085" href="https://ethz.academia.edu/MonikaMaurhofer">Monika Maurhofer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63966085" type="text/json">{"id":63966085,"first_name":"Monika","last_name":"Maurhofer","domain_name":"ethz","page_name":"MonikaMaurhofer","display_name":"Monika Maurhofer","profile_url":"https://ethz.academia.edu/MonikaMaurhofer?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63966085/16610953/16920877/s65_monika.maurhofer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32887285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32887285"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32887285, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32887285", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32887285]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32887285").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32887285").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32887285"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46119" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology">Molecular Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46119" type="text/json">{"id":46119,"name":"Molecular Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="176486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome">Genome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="176486" type="text/json">{"id":176486,"name":"Genome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="304231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothesis">Hypothesis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="304231" type="text/json">{"id":304231,"name":"Hypothesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothesis?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32887285]'), work: {"id":32887285,"title":"Biocontrol of Root Diseases byPseudomonas fluorescens CHA0: Current Concepts and Experimental Approaches","created_at":"2017-05-07T03:53:59.138-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32887285/Biocontrol_of_Root_Diseases_byPseudomonas_fluorescens_CHA0_Current_Concepts_and_Experimental_Approaches?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_32887285","summary":"Certain strains of fluorescent pseudomonads can effectively colonize plant roots and protect plants from diseases caused by a variety of root pathogens. Such beneficial or plant health-promoting strains are emerging as promising biocontrol agents. They are suited as soil inoculants either individually or in combination and may be compatible with current chemical pesticides (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). In our biocontrol studies, we have focused on Pseudomonasfluorescens strain CHAO, an isolate from a suppressive soil in the western part of Switzerland (9). This strain was originally shown to colonize tobacco roots and to suppress black root rot, which is caused by the fungus Thielaviopsis basicola (9, 10). Subsequent work has established that disease suppression by strain CHAO displays little specificity with respect to the host plant and the pathogen. Protected plants include wheat, cucumber, sugar beet, cotton, flax, corn, and cress. Pathogenic action of at least the following fungal pathogens can be reduced by strain CHAO: Pythium ultimum, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), Fusarium oxysporum f.s p. cucurbitaceae, Phomopsis sclerotioides, and Rhizoctonia solani (11, 12, 13, 14, 15; our unpublished data). Since the interactions between I! fluorescens, other organisms and the soil environment are extremely complex, it became important to develop reproducible methods that allow us to monitor the plant-beneficial effects of strain CHAO reliably and to analyze the traits that make it an effective biocontrol agent. In section 6.2 we will review some of our approaches to investigate the mechanisms by which strain CHAO achieves biological control.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53028579,"asset_id":32887285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63966085,"first_name":"Monika","last_name":"Maurhofer","domain_name":"ethz","page_name":"MonikaMaurhofer","display_name":"Monika Maurhofer","profile_url":"https://ethz.academia.edu/MonikaMaurhofer?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63966085/16610953/16920877/s65_monika.maurhofer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":46119,"name":"Molecular Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":176486,"name":"Genome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":304231,"name":"Hypothesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothesis?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22010241 coauthored" data-work_id="22010241" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22010241/Effect_of_biocontrol_agents_Candida_sake_and_Pantoea_agglomerans_on_Penicillium_expansum_growth_and_patulin_accumulation_in_apples">Effect of biocontrol agents Candida sake and Pantoea agglomerans on Penicillium expansum growth and patulin accumulation in apples</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Penicillium expansum is the major responsible of fruit pome decaying in cold storage. Apples spoiled by P. expansum are expected to contain patulin, a mycotoxin which is proven to affect human health.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22010241" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc70dea068159211f1243734ed76e434" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42708843,"asset_id":22010241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42708843/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43443031" href="https://udl.academia.edu/VicenteSanchis">Vicente Sanchis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43443031" type="text/json">{"id":43443031,"first_name":"Vicente","last_name":"Sanchis","domain_name":"udl","page_name":"VicenteSanchis","display_name":"Vicente Sanchis","profile_url":"https://udl.academia.edu/VicenteSanchis?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22010241">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22010241"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioRamos66">Antonio Ramos</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22010241'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22010241').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22010241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22010241"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22010241; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22010241]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22010241").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22010241").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22010241"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14907" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Biotechnology">Industrial Biotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14907" type="text/json">{"id":14907,"name":"Industrial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Biotechnology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control">Biological Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23515" type="text/json">{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31632" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology">Food Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="31632" type="text/json">{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22010241]'), work: {"id":22010241,"title":"Effect of biocontrol agents Candida sake and Pantoea agglomerans on Penicillium expansum growth and patulin accumulation in apples","created_at":"2016-02-15T11:12:16.715-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22010241/Effect_of_biocontrol_agents_Candida_sake_and_Pantoea_agglomerans_on_Penicillium_expansum_growth_and_patulin_accumulation_in_apples?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_22010241","summary":"Penicillium expansum is the major responsible of fruit pome decaying in cold storage. Apples spoiled by P. expansum are expected to contain patulin, a mycotoxin which is proven to affect human health.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42708843,"asset_id":22010241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43443031,"first_name":"Vicente","last_name":"Sanchis","domain_name":"udl","page_name":"VicenteSanchis","display_name":"Vicente Sanchis","profile_url":"https://udl.academia.edu/VicenteSanchis?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":43274061,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Ramos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonioRamos66","display_name":"Antonio Ramos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioRamos66?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":14907,"name":"Industrial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Biotechnology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":39718,"name":"Food Preservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Preservation?f_ri=130447"},{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=130447"},{"id":88815,"name":"Legislation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislation?f_ri=130447"},{"id":90428,"name":"Bca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bca?f_ri=130447"},{"id":105582,"name":"Candida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida?f_ri=130447"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":268788,"name":"Human health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_health?f_ri=130447"},{"id":320544,"name":"Penicillium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Penicillium?f_ri=130447"},{"id":363381,"name":"Malus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malus?f_ri=130447"},{"id":391252,"name":"Room Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Room_Temperature?f_ri=130447"},{"id":475800,"name":"Mycotoxin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycotoxin?f_ri=130447"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=130447"},{"id":858489,"name":"Cold Storage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_Storage?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1580582,"name":"Patulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patulin?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6779605" data-work_id="6779605" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6779605/Trichoderma_fortified_compost_extracts_for_the_control_of_choanephora_wet_rot_in_okra_production">Trichoderma-fortified compost extracts for the control of choanephora wet rot in okra production</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The potential of water extracts produced from rice straw (RST) and empty fruit bunch of oil palm (EFB) composts fortified with Trichoderma harzianum for the control of Choanephora wet rot of okra caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6779605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The potential of water extracts produced from rice straw (RST) and empty fruit bunch of oil palm (EFB) composts fortified with Trichoderma harzianum for the control of Choanephora wet rot of okra caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum was studied under field conditions. Disease severity was lowest in plants treated with Trichoderma-fortified RST extracts (9.56%) with a disease index of 1, mancozeb (Dithane M-45 s (2 g l À1 of water), Trichoderma-fortified EFB compost extracts, extracts of RST and EFB, and an aqueous suspension of T. harzianum recorded disease severity values of 10.25%, 19.38%, 37.56%, 53.71% and 56.36%, with a disease index of 1, 1, 2, 3 and 3, respectively. There was a reduction of 85.04% in Choanephora wet rot severity on okra treated with Trichoderma-fortified RST extracts during 12 weeks of assessment in the field, which was comparable to the conventional fungicide Dithane M-45 s , suggesting that application of extracts produced from well-matured compost fortified with biocontrol agents could be an alternative control strategy. r</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6779605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc0241fa9e3625b0d29f28805ff419dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48724195,"asset_id":6779605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48724195/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11195925" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AsgarAli5">Asgar Ali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11195925" type="text/json">{"id":11195925,"first_name":"Asgar","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AsgarAli5","display_name":"Asgar Ali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AsgarAli5?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6779605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6779605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6779605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6779605", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6779605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6779605").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6779605").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6779605"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137946" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Severity">Disease Severity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137946" type="text/json">{"id":137946,"name":"Disease Severity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Severity?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="162432" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trichoderma_Harzianum">Trichoderma Harzianum</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="162432" type="text/json">{"id":162432,"name":"Trichoderma Harzianum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trichoderma_Harzianum?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="170637" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_palm">Oil palm</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="170637" type="text/json">{"id":170637,"name":"Oil palm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_palm?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6779605]'), work: {"id":6779605,"title":"Trichoderma-fortified compost extracts for the control of choanephora wet rot in okra production","created_at":"2014-04-16T11:01:04.306-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6779605/Trichoderma_fortified_compost_extracts_for_the_control_of_choanephora_wet_rot_in_okra_production?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_6779605","summary":"The potential of water extracts produced from rice straw (RST) and empty fruit bunch of oil palm (EFB) composts fortified with Trichoderma harzianum for the control of Choanephora wet rot of okra caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum was studied under field conditions. Disease severity was lowest in plants treated with Trichoderma-fortified RST extracts (9.56%) with a disease index of 1, mancozeb (Dithane M-45 s (2 g l À1 of water), Trichoderma-fortified EFB compost extracts, extracts of RST and EFB, and an aqueous suspension of T. harzianum recorded disease severity values of 10.25%, 19.38%, 37.56%, 53.71% and 56.36%, with a disease index of 1, 1, 2, 3 and 3, respectively. There was a reduction of 85.04% in Choanephora wet rot severity on okra treated with Trichoderma-fortified RST extracts during 12 weeks of assessment in the field, which was comparable to the conventional fungicide Dithane M-45 s , suggesting that application of extracts produced from well-matured compost fortified with biocontrol agents could be an alternative control strategy. r","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48724195,"asset_id":6779605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11195925,"first_name":"Asgar","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AsgarAli5","display_name":"Asgar Ali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AsgarAli5?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":137946,"name":"Disease Severity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Severity?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":162432,"name":"Trichoderma Harzianum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trichoderma_Harzianum?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":170637,"name":"Oil palm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_palm?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":249209,"name":"Rice Straw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rice_Straw?f_ri=130447"},{"id":264566,"name":"Empty Fruit Bunch","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empty_Fruit_Bunch?f_ri=130447"},{"id":428925,"name":"Control Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Strategy?f_ri=130447"},{"id":459632,"name":"Crop Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_Protection?f_ri=130447"},{"id":641047,"name":"Oil Palm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_Palm-1?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53684956" data-work_id="53684956" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53684956/Size_specific_susceptibility_of_the_pest_slugs_Deroceras_reticulatum_and_Arion_lusitanicus_to_the_nematode_biocontrol_agent_Phasmarhabditis_hermaphrodita">Size-specific susceptibility of the pest slugs Deroceras reticulatum and Arion lusitanicus to the nematode biocontrol agent Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a commercially available biocontrol agent against slugs. This product is especially interesting for use in organic farming, where products containing metaldehyde or carbamates cannot be used... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53684956" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a commercially available biocontrol agent against slugs. This product is especially interesting for use in organic farming, where products containing metaldehyde or carbamates cannot be used for controlling pest slugs. We investigated the potential of P. hermaphrodita for the control of the pest slugs Deroceras reticulatum and Arion lusitanicus. These two species are the most harmful slug pests in Switzerland. At different times of the year, we collected slug specimens of different weight and assessed their susceptibility to P. hermaphrodita in the laboratory. Batches of five slugs were subjected to five different doses of nematodes plus an untreated control and replicated three times. During six weeks, feeding and survival of the slugs were recorded. D. reticulatum was strongly affected by increasing nematode doses, irrespective of the slugs' body weight. In small specimens of A. lusitanicus, feeding and survival were strongly affected by the nematodes, while larger specimens remained almost unaffected. Because A. lusitanicus has an asynchronous development in Switzerland, it seems difficult to control the entire population with a single nematode application. To what extent nematodes will be used in practice for slug control depends on their effectivity against the pest slugs of major importance, on the longevity of the molluscicidal effect and on the price of nematodes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53684956" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f789beeb1982e20006eba4c895b7dd88" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70413404,"asset_id":53684956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70413404/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35809691" href="https://boku.academia.edu/JohannZaller">Johann Zaller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35809691" type="text/json">{"id":35809691,"first_name":"Johann","last_name":"Zaller","domain_name":"boku","page_name":"JohannZaller","display_name":"Johann Zaller","profile_url":"https://boku.academia.edu/JohannZaller?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53684956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53684956"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53684956, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53684956", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53684956]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53684956").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53684956").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53684956"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51175" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Farming">Organic Farming</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51175" type="text/json">{"id":51175,"name":"Organic Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Farming?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="178246" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Dependence">Control Dependence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="178246" type="text/json">{"id":178246,"name":"Control Dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Dependence?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53684956]'), work: {"id":53684956,"title":"Size-specific susceptibility of the pest slugs Deroceras reticulatum and Arion lusitanicus to the nematode biocontrol agent Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita","created_at":"2021-09-28T04:52:03.810-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53684956/Size_specific_susceptibility_of_the_pest_slugs_Deroceras_reticulatum_and_Arion_lusitanicus_to_the_nematode_biocontrol_agent_Phasmarhabditis_hermaphrodita?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_53684956","summary":"The nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a commercially available biocontrol agent against slugs. This product is especially interesting for use in organic farming, where products containing metaldehyde or carbamates cannot be used for controlling pest slugs. We investigated the potential of P. hermaphrodita for the control of the pest slugs Deroceras reticulatum and Arion lusitanicus. These two species are the most harmful slug pests in Switzerland. At different times of the year, we collected slug specimens of different weight and assessed their susceptibility to P. hermaphrodita in the laboratory. Batches of five slugs were subjected to five different doses of nematodes plus an untreated control and replicated three times. During six weeks, feeding and survival of the slugs were recorded. D. reticulatum was strongly affected by increasing nematode doses, irrespective of the slugs' body weight. In small specimens of A. lusitanicus, feeding and survival were strongly affected by the nematodes, while larger specimens remained almost unaffected. Because A. lusitanicus has an asynchronous development in Switzerland, it seems difficult to control the entire population with a single nematode application. To what extent nematodes will be used in practice for slug control depends on their effectivity against the pest slugs of major importance, on the longevity of the molluscicidal effect and on the price of nematodes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70413404,"asset_id":53684956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35809691,"first_name":"Johann","last_name":"Zaller","domain_name":"boku","page_name":"JohannZaller","display_name":"Johann Zaller","profile_url":"https://boku.academia.edu/JohannZaller?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":51175,"name":"Organic Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Farming?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":178246,"name":"Control Dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Dependence?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447"},{"id":564878,"name":"Body Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Weight?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38181261" data-work_id="38181261" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38181261/Biocontamination_Control_for_Pharmaceuticals_and_Healthcare">Biocontamination Control for Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The book outlines a biocontamination strategy that tracks bio-burden control and reduction at each transition in classified areas of a facility. This key part of controlling risk escalation can lead to the contamination of medicinal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38181261" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The book outlines a biocontamination strategy that tracks bio-burden control and reduction at each transition in classified areas of a facility. This key part of controlling risk escalation can lead to the contamination of medicinal products, hence necessary tracking precautions are essential. Regulatory authorities have challenged pharmaceutical companies, healthcare providers, and those in manufacturing practice to adopt a holistic approach to contamination control. New technologies are needed to introduce barriers between personnel and the environment, and to provide a rapid and more accurate assessment of risk. This book offers guidance on building a complete biocontamination strategy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38181261" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f996050020e599207282dfd042a7a56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58217713,"asset_id":38181261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58217713/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="725124" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle">Tim Sandle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="725124" type="text/json">{"id":725124,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Sandle","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"TimSandle","display_name":"Tim Sandle","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725124/247895/293007/s65_tim.sandle.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38181261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38181261"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38181261, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38181261", }); 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This key part of controlling risk escalation can lead to the contamination of medicinal products, hence necessary tracking precautions are essential. Regulatory authorities have challenged pharmaceutical companies, healthcare providers, and those in manufacturing practice to adopt a holistic approach to contamination control. New technologies are needed to introduce barriers between personnel and the environment, and to provide a rapid and more accurate assessment of risk. This book offers guidance on building a complete biocontamination strategy. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58217713,"asset_id":38181261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":725124,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Sandle","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"TimSandle","display_name":"Tim Sandle","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725124/247895/293007/s65_tim.sandle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":29393,"name":"Healthcare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":198066,"name":"Contamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contamination?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_761319" data-work_id="761319" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/761319/Fuzzy_EMG_classification_for_prosthesis_control">Fuzzy EMG classification for prosthesis control</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper proposes a fuzzy approach to classify single-site electromyograph (EMG) signals for multifunctional prosthesis control. While the classification problem is the focus of this paper, the ultimate goal is to improve myoelectric... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_761319" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper proposes a fuzzy approach to classify single-site electromyograph (EMG) signals for multifunctional prosthesis control. While the classification problem is the focus of this paper, the ultimate goal is to improve myoelectric system control performance, and classification is an essential step in the control. Time segmented features are fed to a fuzzy system for training and classification. In order to obtain acceptable training speed and realistic fuzzy system structure, these features are clustered without supervision using the Basic Isodata algorithm at the beginning of the training phase, and the clustering results are used in initializing the fuzzy system parameters. Afterwards, fuzzy rules in the system are trained with the back-propagation algorithm. The fuzzy approach was compared with an artificial neural network (ANN) method on four subjects, and very similar classification results were obtained. It is superior to the latter in at least three points: slightly higher recognition rate; insensitivity to overtraining; and consistent outputs demonstrating higher reliability. Some potential advantages of the fuzzy approach over the ANN approach are also discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/761319" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3098933fab2e58e1cf6e43fe55d123d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4421609,"asset_id":761319,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4421609/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="576654" href="https://independent.academia.edu/adityachintapalli">aditya chintapalli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="576654" type="text/json">{"id":576654,"first_name":"aditya","last_name":"chintapalli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"adityachintapalli","display_name":"aditya chintapalli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/adityachintapalli?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_761319 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="761319"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 761319, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_761319", }); 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While the classification problem is the focus of this paper, the ultimate goal is to improve myoelectric system control performance, and classification is an essential step in the control. Time segmented features are fed to a fuzzy system for training and classification. In order to obtain acceptable training speed and realistic fuzzy system structure, these features are clustered without supervision using the Basic Isodata algorithm at the beginning of the training phase, and the clustering results are used in initializing the fuzzy system parameters. Afterwards, fuzzy rules in the system are trained with the back-propagation algorithm. The fuzzy approach was compared with an artificial neural network (ANN) method on four subjects, and very similar classification results were obtained. It is superior to the latter in at least three points: slightly higher recognition rate; insensitivity to overtraining; and consistent outputs demonstrating higher reliability. Some potential advantages of the fuzzy approach over the ANN approach are also discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4421609,"asset_id":761319,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":576654,"first_name":"aditya","last_name":"chintapalli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"adityachintapalli","display_name":"aditya chintapalli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/adityachintapalli?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":4165,"name":"Fuzzy Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Logic?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":11598,"name":"Neural Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Networks?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":13143,"name":"Clustering Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clustering_Algorithms?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":16103,"name":"Fuzzy Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Systems?f_ri=130447"},{"id":26066,"name":"Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network?f_ri=130447"},{"id":30596,"name":"Control Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Systems?f_ri=130447"},{"id":31812,"name":"Fuzzy Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Control?f_ri=130447"},{"id":54123,"name":"Artificial Neural Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Neural_Networks?f_ri=130447"},{"id":123506,"name":"Reliability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reliability?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=130447"},{"id":137633,"name":"Feedback","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feedback?f_ri=130447"},{"id":170918,"name":"Electromyography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromyography?f_ri=130447"},{"id":314271,"name":"Fuzzy System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_System?f_ri=130447"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=130447"},{"id":913100,"name":"Back Propagation Algorithm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Back_Propagation_Algorithm?f_ri=130447"},{"id":936874,"name":"Bias (Epidemiology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bias_Epidemiology_?f_ri=130447"},{"id":959406,"name":"Fuzzy Rules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Rules?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1142807,"name":"Artificial Limbs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Limbs?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1211304,"name":"Artificial Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Neural_Network?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1394166,"name":"Software Validation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Validation?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7064996" data-work_id="7064996" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7064996/Efficacy_of_Bacillus_thuringiensis_Berliner_in_controlling_the_tomato_borer_Tuta_absoluta_Meyrick_Lepidoptera_Gelechiidae">Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) in controlling the tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is considered to be one of the most devastating pests affecting tomato crops in South America, where crop losses range from 60 to 100%. After its detection in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7064996" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is considered to be one of the most devastating pests affecting tomato crops in South America, where crop losses range from 60 to 100%. After its detection in the Spanish tomato-growing area at the end of 2006, it spread quickly to other European and northern African countries. Currently, T. absoluta management in these countries is mainly based on chemical treatments. Nonetheless, special emphasis is being placed on implementing environmentally safe strategies. Commercial formulates based on Bacillus thuringiensis may be a good alternative, as they have been used to control other insect pests successfully. The laboratory, greenhouse, and open-field experiments presented in this work are evidence that B. thuringiensis is highly efficient in controlling T. absoluta. First instar larvae were the most susceptible, while susceptibility was lower in second and third instar larvae. Our results have shown that the impact of T. absoluta can be greatly reduced by spraying only B. thuringiensis-based formulates, with no need for chemical insecticides. Furthermore, the integration of this technology with other biological control methods focused on T. absoluta eggs, such as the use of mirid predators or parasitoids, could reduce the number of B. thuringiensis treatments and the use of chemicals, with the consequent reduction of residues on fruits.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7064996" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d81ee9a0d5c0bf04173e6a3d2af55338" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48612635,"asset_id":7064996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48612635/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12091780" href="https://independent.academia.edu/helgameza">helga meza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12091780" type="text/json">{"id":12091780,"first_name":"helga","last_name":"meza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"helgameza","display_name":"helga meza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/helgameza?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7064996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7064996"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7064996, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7064996", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7064996]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7064996").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7064996").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7064996"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control">Biological Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23515" type="text/json">{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67768" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_thuringiensis">Bacillus thuringiensis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67768" type="text/json">{"id":67768,"name":"Bacillus thuringiensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_thuringiensis?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="121707" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Field">Open Field</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="121707" type="text/json">{"id":121707,"name":"Open Field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Field?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7064996]'), work: {"id":7064996,"title":"Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) in controlling the tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae","created_at":"2014-05-16T03:44:37.009-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7064996/Efficacy_of_Bacillus_thuringiensis_Berliner_in_controlling_the_tomato_borer_Tuta_absoluta_Meyrick_Lepidoptera_Gelechiidae?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_7064996","summary":"The tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is considered to be one of the most devastating pests affecting tomato crops in South America, where crop losses range from 60 to 100%. After its detection in the Spanish tomato-growing area at the end of 2006, it spread quickly to other European and northern African countries. Currently, T. absoluta management in these countries is mainly based on chemical treatments. Nonetheless, special emphasis is being placed on implementing environmentally safe strategies. Commercial formulates based on Bacillus thuringiensis may be a good alternative, as they have been used to control other insect pests successfully. The laboratory, greenhouse, and open-field experiments presented in this work are evidence that B. thuringiensis is highly efficient in controlling T. absoluta. First instar larvae were the most susceptible, while susceptibility was lower in second and third instar larvae. Our results have shown that the impact of T. absoluta can be greatly reduced by spraying only B. thuringiensis-based formulates, with no need for chemical insecticides. Furthermore, the integration of this technology with other biological control methods focused on T. absoluta eggs, such as the use of mirid predators or parasitoids, could reduce the number of B. thuringiensis treatments and the use of chemicals, with the consequent reduction of residues on fruits.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48612635,"asset_id":7064996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12091780,"first_name":"helga","last_name":"meza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"helgameza","display_name":"helga meza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/helgameza?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":67768,"name":"Bacillus thuringiensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_thuringiensis?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":121707,"name":"Open Field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Field?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":176798,"name":"South America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_America?f_ri=130447"},{"id":188240,"name":"Tomato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato?f_ri=130447"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447"},{"id":435458,"name":"Insect pests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_pests?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1136268,"name":"Chemical Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Treatment?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4693534" data-work_id="4693534" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4693534/Screening_identification_and_evaluation_of_potential_biocontrol_fungal_endophytes_against_Rhizoctonia_solani_AG3_on_potato_plants_Biocontrol_of_Rhizoctonia_solani_using_fungal_endophytes">Screening, identification and evaluation of potential biocontrol fungal endophytes against Rhizoctonia solani AG3 on potato plants: Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani using fungal endophytes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rhizoctonia solani is an important soilborne pathogen of potato plants whose control typically depends on chemicals. Here, we screened six fungal endophytes for the suppression of R. solani growth both in vitro and in a greenhouse. These... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4693534" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rhizoctonia solani is an important soilborne pathogen of potato plants whose control typically depends on chemicals. Here, we screened six fungal endophytes for the suppression of R. solani growth both in vitro and in a greenhouse. These isolates were identified using morphology and internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA as Alternaria longipes, Epicoccum nigrum, Phomopsis sp., and Trichoderma atroviride. Both T. atroviride and E. nigrum showed significant in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of R. solani, with the greatest inhibition zone observed for E. nigrum species in dual cultures. The highest inhibition was observed for T. atroviride. The inhibition rate was also significantly correlated with the culture filtrates of these isolates. Confocal microscopy showed that T. atroviride acts as a mycoparasite and competitor. However, E. nigrum and A. longipes produce secondary metabolites, while Phomospsis sp. competes for nutrients and space. Greenhouse experiments confirmed that T. atroviride and E. nigrum improved potato yield significantly and decreased the stem disease severity index of sensitive potato.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4693534" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aece6257f17d9e58aa41857f4a7ac115" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49685534,"asset_id":4693534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49685534/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1494527" href="https://agr-gc.academia.edu/LahlaliRachid">Lahlali Rachid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1494527" type="text/json">{"id":1494527,"first_name":"Lahlali","last_name":"Rachid","domain_name":"agr-gc","page_name":"LahlaliRachid","display_name":"Lahlali Rachid","profile_url":"https://agr-gc.academia.edu/LahlaliRachid?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1494527/531665/665238/s65_lahlali.rachid.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4693534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4693534"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4693534, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4693534", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4693534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4693534; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4693534"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4693534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4693534"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4693534; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4693534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4693534").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4693534").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4693534"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17272" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi">Fungi</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17272" type="text/json">{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18533" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy">Confocal Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18533" type="text/json">{"id":18533,"name":"Confocal Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potato">Potato</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41418" type="text/json">{"id":41418,"name":"Potato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potato?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4693534]'), work: {"id":4693534,"title":"Screening, identification and evaluation of potential biocontrol fungal endophytes against Rhizoctonia solani AG3 on potato plants: Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani using fungal endophytes","created_at":"2013-10-06T15:12:23.769-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4693534/Screening_identification_and_evaluation_of_potential_biocontrol_fungal_endophytes_against_Rhizoctonia_solani_AG3_on_potato_plants_Biocontrol_of_Rhizoctonia_solani_using_fungal_endophytes?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_4693534","summary":"Rhizoctonia solani is an important soilborne pathogen of potato plants whose control typically depends on chemicals. Here, we screened six fungal endophytes for the suppression of R. solani growth both in vitro and in a greenhouse. These isolates were identified using morphology and internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA as Alternaria longipes, Epicoccum nigrum, Phomopsis sp., and Trichoderma atroviride. Both T. atroviride and E. nigrum showed significant in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of R. solani, with the greatest inhibition zone observed for E. nigrum species in dual cultures. The highest inhibition was observed for T. atroviride. The inhibition rate was also significantly correlated with the culture filtrates of these isolates. Confocal microscopy showed that T. atroviride acts as a mycoparasite and competitor. However, E. nigrum and A. longipes produce secondary metabolites, while Phomospsis sp. competes for nutrients and space. Greenhouse experiments confirmed that T. atroviride and E. nigrum improved potato yield significantly and decreased the stem disease severity index of sensitive potato.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49685534,"asset_id":4693534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1494527,"first_name":"Lahlali","last_name":"Rachid","domain_name":"agr-gc","page_name":"LahlaliRachid","display_name":"Lahlali Rachid","profile_url":"https://agr-gc.academia.edu/LahlaliRachid?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1494527/531665/665238/s65_lahlali.rachid.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":18533,"name":"Confocal Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":41418,"name":"Potato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potato?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":360269,"name":"Acer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acer?f_ri=130447"},{"id":502917,"name":"Rhizoctonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizoctonia?f_ri=130447"},{"id":769473,"name":"Solanum Tuberosum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solanum_Tuberosum?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1969298,"name":"Rhizoctonia solani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizoctonia_solani?f_ri=130447"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62851644" data-work_id="62851644" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62851644/Gm_TX_a_new_toxic_protein_from_soybean_Glycine_max_seeds_with_potential_for_controlling_insect_pests">Gm-TX, a new toxic protein from soybean (Glycine max) seeds with potential for controlling insect pests</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A novel toxic protein from Glycine max seeds, named Gm-TX, was purified by combination of differential precipitation with ammonium sulphate, DEAE-cellulose, anhydrotrypsin-sepharose 4B and Superdex 200 HR fast-protein liquid... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62851644" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A novel toxic protein from Glycine max seeds, named Gm-TX, was purified by combination of differential precipitation with ammonium sulphate, DEAE-cellulose, anhydrotrypsin-sepharose 4B and Superdex 200 HR fast-protein liquid chromatography. Gm-TX is composed of one polypeptide chain of 28 kDa (SDS-PAGE), with pI 5.1-5.2, contains <0.5% neutral sugar, has N-terminal sequence comprised of KTISSEDSPFFNCREK, maximum absorption spectrum at 280 nm and molar extinction coefficient of 16.9. It exhibited ribonuclease activity (1821.42 AE 3.34 UA/h/mgP) toward yeast RNA and promoted rabbit erythrocyte agglutination (120.4 HU/ mgP) mediated by anti-Gm-TX IgG, which was inhibited by mannose. It was devoid of trypsin inhibitory, urease and chitinase activities. Gm-TX was lethal to mice by intraperitoneal route with LD 50 of 4.5 mg/kg. Moreover, it showed dose-dependent insecticidal activity on the major economically important pests Callosobruchus maculatus and Dysdercus peruvianus, producing ca. 50% and 56% mortality when incorporated into artificial diets at a level of 1.16% and 0.25%, respectively. These data indicate that Gm-TX is a candidate protein that could be expressed in genetically transformed plants for improved resistance to insect pests.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62851644" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8afd663c12e204b7a5ee430b8bf17b52" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75485653,"asset_id":62851644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75485653/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125169446" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanieleSousa23">Daniele Sousa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125169446" type="text/json">{"id":125169446,"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Sousa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanieleSousa23","display_name":"Daniele Sousa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanieleSousa23?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125169446/34075550/30098621/s65_daniele.sousa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62851644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62851644"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62851644, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62851644", }); 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Gm-TX is composed of one polypeptide chain of 28 kDa (SDS-PAGE), with pI 5.1-5.2, contains \u003c0.5% neutral sugar, has N-terminal sequence comprised of KTISSEDSPFFNCREK, maximum absorption spectrum at 280 nm and molar extinction coefficient of 16.9. It exhibited ribonuclease activity (1821.42 AE 3.34 UA/h/mgP) toward yeast RNA and promoted rabbit erythrocyte agglutination (120.4 HU/ mgP) mediated by anti-Gm-TX IgG, which was inhibited by mannose. It was devoid of trypsin inhibitory, urease and chitinase activities. Gm-TX was lethal to mice by intraperitoneal route with LD 50 of 4.5 mg/kg. Moreover, it showed dose-dependent insecticidal activity on the major economically important pests Callosobruchus maculatus and Dysdercus peruvianus, producing ca. 50% and 56% mortality when incorporated into artificial diets at a level of 1.16% and 0.25%, respectively. These data indicate that Gm-TX is a candidate protein that could be expressed in genetically transformed plants for improved resistance to insect pests.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75485653,"asset_id":62851644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125169446,"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Sousa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanieleSousa23","display_name":"Daniele Sousa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanieleSousa23?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125169446/34075550/30098621/s65_daniele.sousa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3306,"name":"Protein Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Purification?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":59407,"name":"Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":143509,"name":"Genetic transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_transformation?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":161512,"name":"Plant Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biochemistry?f_ri=130447"},{"id":188229,"name":"Soybean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soybean?f_ri=130447"},{"id":208668,"name":"Plant Defence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Defence?f_ri=130447"},{"id":209397,"name":"Process biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_biochemistry?f_ri=130447"},{"id":321836,"name":"Spectrum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectrum?f_ri=130447"},{"id":435458,"name":"Insect pests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_pests?f_ri=130447"},{"id":831509,"name":"Callosobruchus maculatus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Callosobruchus_maculatus?f_ri=130447"},{"id":868872,"name":"Glycine max","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycine_max?f_ri=130447"},{"id":925085,"name":"Artificial Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Diet?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1401875,"name":"Ammonium Sulphate Report","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ammonium_Sulphate_Report?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":2230304,"name":"Ammonium Sulphate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ammonium_Sulphate?f_ri=130447"},{"id":3680093,"name":"Toxic proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxic_proteins?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11558860" data-work_id="11558860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11558860/The_potential_of_a_jumping_spider_Phidippus_clarus_as_a_biocontrol_agent">The potential of a jumping spider, Phidippus clarus, as a biocontrol agent</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28214704" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndyChen20">Andy Chen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28214704" type="text/json">{"id":28214704,"first_name":"Andy","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndyChen20","display_name":"Andy Chen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndyChen20?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11558860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11558860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11558860, container: 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type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67862" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spiders">Spiders</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67862" type="text/json">{"id":67862,"name":"Spiders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spiders?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="211746" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemiptera">Hemiptera</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="211746" 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Chen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndyChen20?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":67862,"name":"Spiders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spiders?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":211746,"name":"Hemiptera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemiptera?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":523097,"name":"Economic Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Entomology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":843856,"name":"Ecological Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications?f_ri=130447"},{"id":985598,"name":"Predatory Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predatory_Behavior?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1117206,"name":"Economic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1778647,"name":"Ocimum basilicum L.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocimum_basilicum_L?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12066312 coauthored" data-work_id="12066312" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12066312/Recent_Advances_in_Biological_Control_of_Submersed_Aquatic_Weeds">Recent Advances in Biological Control of Submersed Aquatic Weeds</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The submersed aquatic plants hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata [L.f.] Royle), Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), and Brazilian egeria (Egeria densa L.) are three of the worst invasive aquatic weed problems in the U.S., with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12066312" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The submersed aquatic plants hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata [L.f.] Royle), Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), and Brazilian egeria (Egeria densa L.) are three of the worst invasive aquatic weed problems in the U.S., with millions of dollars spent annually to control large infestations in all types of waterbodies. Historically, various control technologies have been used to manage infestations of these submersed species, including biological control. During the past five years, there has been renewed interest in biological control of submersed aquatic weeds nationally, primarily in response to the discovery in Florida of several hydrilla biotypes that have developed resistance to the herbicide fluridone. This paper summarizes the current status of biological control activities in North America during the past 10-15 years. It includes a preferred definition of biological control and describes the different approaches currently used by practitioners in the field. It also covers the types of natural enemies commonly used as biological control agents and the various abiotic, biotic, and technical factors that have contributed to project successes and failures. Finally, priority areas are identified where more resources are needed for research and outreach programs to increase the effectiveness and acceptance of biological control technology for managing submersed aquatic weeds in the future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12066312" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fed5dccfdeb09c07f5a4283effdaecc0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37390468,"asset_id":12066312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37390468/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10739997" href="https://hi.academia.edu/MarianaTamayo">Mariana Tamayo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10739997" type="text/json">{"id":10739997,"first_name":"Mariana","last_name":"Tamayo","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarianaTamayo","display_name":"Mariana Tamayo","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarianaTamayo?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10739997/8693107/9709475/s65_mariana.tamayo.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12066312">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12066312"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesCuda">James Cuda</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12066312'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12066312').html(); 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Historically, various control technologies have been used to manage infestations of these submersed species, including biological control. During the past five years, there has been renewed interest in biological control of submersed aquatic weeds nationally, primarily in response to the discovery in Florida of several hydrilla biotypes that have developed resistance to the herbicide fluridone. This paper summarizes the current status of biological control activities in North America during the past 10-15 years. It includes a preferred definition of biological control and describes the different approaches currently used by practitioners in the field. It also covers the types of natural enemies commonly used as biological control agents and the various abiotic, biotic, and technical factors that have contributed to project successes and failures. Finally, priority areas are identified where more resources are needed for research and outreach programs to increase the effectiveness and acceptance of biological control technology for managing submersed aquatic weeds in the future.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37390468,"asset_id":12066312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10739997,"first_name":"Mariana","last_name":"Tamayo","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarianaTamayo","display_name":"Mariana Tamayo","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarianaTamayo?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10739997/8693107/9709475/s65_mariana.tamayo.jpg"},{"id":36697647,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Cuda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesCuda","display_name":"James Cuda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesCuda?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7997,"name":"Invasive species ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_species_ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":24598,"name":"Aquatic Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Plants?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":53652,"name":"Lakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lakes?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":53653,"name":"Aquatic Insects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Insects?f_ri=130447"},{"id":99865,"name":"Aquatic Macrophytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Macrophytes?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":141838,"name":"Herbivory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbivory?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 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$('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6248558]'), work: {"id":6248558,"title":"Manual de construcción de cajas anideras para aves rapaces - promoviendo el biocontrol de hantavirus","created_at":"2014-03-01T03:17:27.481-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6248558/Manual_de_construcci%C3%B3n_de_cajas_anideras_para_aves_rapaces_promoviendo_el_biocontrol_de_hantavirus?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_6248558","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33108244,"asset_id":6248558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3336331,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Figueroa","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"RicardoFigueroa","display_name":"Ricardo Figueroa","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/RicardoFigueroa?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":14483,"name":"Animal Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":70660,"name":"Habitat Restoration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_Restoration?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":257071,"name":"School project","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/School_project?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4205763" data-work_id="4205763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4205763/Bacterial_endophytes_recent_developments_and_applications">Bacterial endophytes: recent developments and applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Endophytic bacteria have been found in virtually every plant studied, where they colonize the internal tissues of their host plant and can form a range of different relationships including symbiotic, mutualistic, commensalistic and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4205763" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Endophytic bacteria have been found in virtually every plant studied, where they colonize the internal tissues of their host plant and can form a range of different relationships including symbiotic, mutualistic, commensalistic and trophobiotic. Most endophytes appear to originate from the rhizosphere or phyllosphere; however, some may be transmitted through the seed. Endophytic bacteria can promote plant growth and yield and can act as biocontrol agents. Endophytes can also be beneficial to their host by producing a range of natural products that could be harnessed for potential use in medicine, agriculture or industry. In addition, it has been shown that they have the potential to remove soil contaminants by enhancing phytoremediation and may play a role in soil fertility through phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation. There is increasing interest in developing the potential biotechnological applications of endophytes for improving phytoremediation and the sustainable production of nonfood crops for biomass and biofuel production.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4205763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53d0719b88c1f548e9ebe0f51718f9ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49986871,"asset_id":4205763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49986871/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5089049" href="https://setu.academia.edu/KGermaine">Kieran Germaine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5089049" type="text/json">{"id":5089049,"first_name":"Kieran","last_name":"Germaine","domain_name":"setu","page_name":"KGermaine","display_name":"Kieran Germaine","profile_url":"https://setu.academia.edu/KGermaine?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5089049/2224130/2603502/s65_kieran.germaine.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4205763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4205763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4205763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4205763", }); 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Most endophytes appear to originate from the rhizosphere or phyllosphere; however, some may be transmitted through the seed. Endophytic bacteria can promote plant growth and yield and can act as biocontrol agents. Endophytes can also be beneficial to their host by producing a range of natural products that could be harnessed for potential use in medicine, agriculture or industry. In addition, it has been shown that they have the potential to remove soil contaminants by enhancing phytoremediation and may play a role in soil fertility through phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation. There is increasing interest in developing the potential biotechnological applications of endophytes for improving phytoremediation and the sustainable production of nonfood crops for biomass and biofuel production.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49986871,"asset_id":4205763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5089049,"first_name":"Kieran","last_name":"Germaine","domain_name":"setu","page_name":"KGermaine","display_name":"Kieran Germaine","profile_url":"https://setu.academia.edu/KGermaine?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5089049/2224130/2603502/s65_kieran.germaine.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6333,"name":"Bioremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":133873,"name":"Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21827737" data-work_id="21827737" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21827737/Current_developments_in_microbial_control_of_insect_pests_and_prospects_for_the_early_21st_century">Current developments in microbial control of insect pests and prospects for the early 21st century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The role of microbial control in crop and forest protection and the abatement of insects of medical and veterinary importance has expanded considerably with the discovery and development of new microbial control agents and genetic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21827737" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The role of microbial control in crop and forest protection and the abatement of insects of medical and veterinary importance has expanded considerably with the discovery and development of new microbial control agents and genetic improvement in bacterial and viral pathogens, and improvements in formulation, application options and compatibility with other interventions. A synopsis of the literature regarding the current use of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans and nematodes as microbial control agents is presented along with speculation on their potential in the early 21st century. The most widely used of all microbial control agents is Bacilhls thuringiensis. The isolation within the past two decades of new strains that are larvicidal for certain Diptera and Coleoptera has increased the utility of the bacterium considerably. Further improvements in efficacy and broadening of its host range are in progress with the isolation of strains with new toxins and the manipulation of B. thuringiensis genes that encode toxin production using both recombinant and nonrecombinant methods. Genetic manipulation of these genes has also enabled their incorporation into crop plants. The development and commercial availability of entomopathogenic nematodes in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae expands the options for the control of insects, especially those with soil inhabiting stages. The results of natural epizootics of fungi and viruses often obviate the requirement for additional interventions. Breakthroughs in understanding the genetics of Baculovirus and subsequent gene manipulation have increased their virulence and utility. Improved production methods that utilize insect cell culture technology may enable affordable use of Baculovirus in the not too distant future. Fungi continue to offer the only control options using entomopathogens against plant sucking insects. Although fungi have great potential for development as microbial control agents, only a few have been used on an operational scale. Some factors that might limit the full range of entomopathogen potential, including development of resistance, are discussed. Because of their selectivity and minimal environmental impact, microbial control agents will be ideal components of integrated pest management programs in the early 21st century and beyond. However, if they are used merely as replacements for chemical pesticides, then eventually these agents will face some of the same fate as the chemicals they replace, particularly with respect to resistance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21827737" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30e228607e10ec87714920394a295d91" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42579008,"asset_id":21827737,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42579008/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43051509" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MGoettel">M. Goettel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43051509" type="text/json">{"id":43051509,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Goettel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MGoettel","display_name":"M. 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A synopsis of the literature regarding the current use of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans and nematodes as microbial control agents is presented along with speculation on their potential in the early 21st century. The most widely used of all microbial control agents is Bacilhls thuringiensis. The isolation within the past two decades of new strains that are larvicidal for certain Diptera and Coleoptera has increased the utility of the bacterium considerably. Further improvements in efficacy and broadening of its host range are in progress with the isolation of strains with new toxins and the manipulation of B. thuringiensis genes that encode toxin production using both recombinant and nonrecombinant methods. Genetic manipulation of these genes has also enabled their incorporation into crop plants. The development and commercial availability of entomopathogenic nematodes in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae expands the options for the control of insects, especially those with soil inhabiting stages. The results of natural epizootics of fungi and viruses often obviate the requirement for additional interventions. Breakthroughs in understanding the genetics of Baculovirus and subsequent gene manipulation have increased their virulence and utility. Improved production methods that utilize insect cell culture technology may enable affordable use of Baculovirus in the not too distant future. Fungi continue to offer the only control options using entomopathogens against plant sucking insects. Although fungi have great potential for development as microbial control agents, only a few have been used on an operational scale. Some factors that might limit the full range of entomopathogen potential, including development of resistance, are discussed. Because of their selectivity and minimal environmental impact, microbial control agents will be ideal components of integrated pest management programs in the early 21st century and beyond. However, if they are used merely as replacements for chemical pesticides, then eventually these agents will face some of the same fate as the chemicals they replace, particularly with respect to resistance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42579008,"asset_id":21827737,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43051509,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Goettel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MGoettel","display_name":"M. Goettel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MGoettel?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":23516,"name":"Integrated Pest Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Pest_Management?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":37782,"name":"Cell Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Culture?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":67768,"name":"Bacillus thuringiensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_thuringiensis?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":167145,"name":"Agricultural Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Production?f_ri=130447"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=130447"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447"},{"id":435458,"name":"Insect pests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_pests?f_ri=130447"},{"id":750576,"name":"Host Range","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Range?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1076804,"name":"Genetic Improvement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Improvement?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1149350,"name":"Entomopathogenic Nematode","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomopathogenic_Nematode?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1289154,"name":"Microbial control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_control?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9329482" data-work_id="9329482" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9329482/Defence_Mechanisms_of_Brassicaceae_Implications_for_Plant_Insect_Interactions_and_Potential_for_Integrated_Pest_Management">Defence Mechanisms of Brassicaceae: Implications for Plant-Insect Interactions and Potential for Integrated Pest Management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Brassica crops are grown worldwide for oil, food and feed purposes, and constitute a significant economic value due to their nutritional, medicinal, bioindustrial, biocontrol and crop rotation properties. Insect pests cause enormous yield... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9329482" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Brassica crops are grown worldwide for oil, food and feed purposes, and constitute a significant economic value due to their nutritional, medicinal, bioindustrial, biocontrol and crop rotation properties. Insect pests cause enormous yield and economic losses in Brassica crop production every year, and are a threat to global agriculture. In order to overcome these insect pests, Brassica species themselves use multiple defence mechanisms, which can be constitutive, inducible, induced, direct or indirect depending upon the insect or the degree of insect attack. Firstly, we give an overview of different Brassica species with the main focus on cultivated brassicas. Secondly, we describe insect pests that attack brassicas. Thirdly, we address multiple defence mechanisms, with the main focus on phytoalexins, sulphur, glucosinolates, the glucosinolate-myrosinase system and their breakdown products. In order to develop pest control strategies, it is important to study the chemical ecology, and insect behaviour. We review studies on oviposition regulation, multitrophic interactions involving feeding and host selection behaviour of parasitoids and predators of herbivores on brassicas. Regarding oviposition and trophic interactions, we outline insect oviposition behaviour, the importance of chemical stimulation, oviposition-deterring pheromones, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, nitriles, and phytoalexins and their importance towards pest management. Finally, we review brassicas as cover and trap crops, and as biocontrol, biofumigant and biocidal agents against insects and pathogens. Again, we emphasise glucosinolates, their breakdown products, and plant volatile compounds as key components in these processes, which have been considered beneficial in the past and hold great prospects for the future with respect to an integrated pest management.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9329482" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97eaecfdba632f9e904d21faa980a0d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47821250,"asset_id":9329482,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47821250/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21549706" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IshitaAhuja">Ishita Ahuja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21549706" type="text/json">{"id":21549706,"first_name":"Ishita","last_name":"Ahuja","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IshitaAhuja","display_name":"Ishita Ahuja","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IshitaAhuja?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21549706/22912178/22054954/s65_ishita.ahuja.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9329482 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9329482"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9329482, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9329482", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9329482]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9329482").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9329482").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9329482"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1037" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agronomy">Agronomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1037" type="text/json">{"id":1037,"name":"Agronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agronomy?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4306" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pest_Management">Pest Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4306" type="text/json">{"id":4306,"name":"Pest Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pest_Management?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4497" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology">Chemical Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4497" type="text/json">{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9329482]'), work: {"id":9329482,"title":"Defence Mechanisms of Brassicaceae: Implications for Plant-Insect Interactions and Potential for Integrated Pest Management","created_at":"2014-11-15T20:27:55.900-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9329482/Defence_Mechanisms_of_Brassicaceae_Implications_for_Plant_Insect_Interactions_and_Potential_for_Integrated_Pest_Management?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_9329482","summary":"Brassica crops are grown worldwide for oil, food and feed purposes, and constitute a significant economic value due to their nutritional, medicinal, bioindustrial, biocontrol and crop rotation properties. Insect pests cause enormous yield and economic losses in Brassica crop production every year, and are a threat to global agriculture. In order to overcome these insect pests, Brassica species themselves use multiple defence mechanisms, which can be constitutive, inducible, induced, direct or indirect depending upon the insect or the degree of insect attack. Firstly, we give an overview of different Brassica species with the main focus on cultivated brassicas. Secondly, we describe insect pests that attack brassicas. Thirdly, we address multiple defence mechanisms, with the main focus on phytoalexins, sulphur, glucosinolates, the glucosinolate-myrosinase system and their breakdown products. In order to develop pest control strategies, it is important to study the chemical ecology, and insect behaviour. We review studies on oviposition regulation, multitrophic interactions involving feeding and host selection behaviour of parasitoids and predators of herbivores on brassicas. Regarding oviposition and trophic interactions, we outline insect oviposition behaviour, the importance of chemical stimulation, oviposition-deterring pheromones, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, nitriles, and phytoalexins and their importance towards pest management. Finally, we review brassicas as cover and trap crops, and as biocontrol, biofumigant and biocidal agents against insects and pathogens. Again, we emphasise glucosinolates, their breakdown products, and plant volatile compounds as key components in these processes, which have been considered beneficial in the past and hold great prospects for the future with respect to an integrated pest management.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47821250,"asset_id":9329482,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21549706,"first_name":"Ishita","last_name":"Ahuja","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IshitaAhuja","display_name":"Ishita Ahuja","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IshitaAhuja?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21549706/22912178/22054954/s65_ishita.ahuja.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1037,"name":"Agronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agronomy?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":4306,"name":"Pest Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pest_Management?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447"},{"id":23516,"name":"Integrated Pest Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Pest_Management?f_ri=130447"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":139656,"name":"Crop Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_Production?f_ri=130447"},{"id":154925,"name":"Trophic Level","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trophic_Level?f_ri=130447"},{"id":196649,"name":"Pest control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pest_control?f_ri=130447"},{"id":435458,"name":"Insect pests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_pests?f_ri=130447"},{"id":512658,"name":"Crop Rotation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_Rotation?f_ri=130447"},{"id":578762,"name":"Economic Value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Value?f_ri=130447"},{"id":605367,"name":"Economic Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Loss?f_ri=130447"},{"id":645033,"name":"Host Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Selection?f_ri=130447"},{"id":700616,"name":"Defence Mechanisms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defence_Mechanisms?f_ri=130447"},{"id":805579,"name":"Insect plant interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_plant_interaction?f_ri=130447"},{"id":835287,"name":"Trophic Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trophic_Interaction?f_ri=130447"},{"id":882963,"name":"Plant Volatiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Volatiles?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1575472,"name":"Trophic Levels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trophic_Levels?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12901051" data-work_id="12901051" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12901051/Plantas_hongos_micorr%C3%ADzicos_y_bacterias_su_compleja_red_de_interacciones">Plantas, hongos micorrízicos y bacterias: su compleja red de interacciones</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Several microorganisms promote plant growth, and many microbial products that stimulate plant growth have been marketed. In this review we restrict to the interactions between plants, mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria. Such bacteria are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12901051" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several microorganisms promote plant growth, and many microbial<br />products that stimulate plant growth have been marketed. In this<br />review we restrict to the interactions between plants, mycorrhizal<br />fungi and bacteria. Such bacteria are generally designated as PGRP<br />(Plant growth -promoting rhizobacteria). The beneficial effect of<br />these rhizobacteria on plant growth can be direct or indirect. Several<br />mechanisms by which microbes can act beneficially on plant growth<br />are described. Examples: a) biofertilization; b) stimulation of root<br />growth; c) rhizoremediation; and d) plant stress control. Mechanism<br />of biological control by which rhizobacteria can promote plant<br />growth indirectly, example, reducing the level of disease, includes<br />antibiosis, induction of systemic resistance and competition for<br />nutrients and niches. This article focuses on interactions among<br />plants, mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria, testing the hypothesis<br />whether mycorrhizas can be defined as tripartite associations. We<br />then discuss, in the context of nutritional strategies, the mechanisms<br />that operate among members of consortium and often promote<br />plant growth.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12901051" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3d2b4b231499002145c236a0f38c6acb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37873692,"asset_id":12901051,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37873692/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8218173" href="https://umsnh.academia.edu/MarcelaSarabia">Marcela Sarabia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8218173" type="text/json">{"id":8218173,"first_name":"Marcela","last_name":"Sarabia","domain_name":"umsnh","page_name":"MarcelaSarabia","display_name":"Marcela Sarabia","profile_url":"https://umsnh.academia.edu/MarcelaSarabia?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8218173/2843161/10649628/s65_marcela.sarabia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12901051 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12901051"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12901051, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12901051", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12901051]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12901051").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12901051").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12901051"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1959615" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonizaci%C3%B3n_Micorr%C3%ADzica">Colonización Micorrízica</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1959615" type="text/json">{"id":1959615,"name":"Colonización Micorrízica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonizaci%C3%B3n_Micorr%C3%ADzica?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12901051]'), work: {"id":12901051,"title":"Plantas, hongos micorrízicos y bacterias: su compleja red de interacciones","created_at":"2015-06-10T05:26:00.351-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12901051/Plantas_hongos_micorr%C3%ADzicos_y_bacterias_su_compleja_red_de_interacciones?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_12901051","summary":"Several microorganisms promote plant growth, and many microbial\nproducts that stimulate plant growth have been marketed. In this\nreview we restrict to the interactions between plants, mycorrhizal\nfungi and bacteria. Such bacteria are generally designated as PGRP\n(Plant growth -promoting rhizobacteria). The beneficial effect of\nthese rhizobacteria on plant growth can be direct or indirect. Several\nmechanisms by which microbes can act beneficially on plant growth\nare described. Examples: a) biofertilization; b) stimulation of root\ngrowth; c) rhizoremediation; and d) plant stress control. Mechanism\nof biological control by which rhizobacteria can promote plant\ngrowth indirectly, example, reducing the level of disease, includes\nantibiosis, induction of systemic resistance and competition for\nnutrients and niches. This article focuses on interactions among\nplants, mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria, testing the hypothesis\nwhether mycorrhizas can be defined as tripartite associations. We\nthen discuss, in the context of nutritional strategies, the mechanisms\nthat operate among members of consortium and often promote\nplant growth.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37873692,"asset_id":12901051,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8218173,"first_name":"Marcela","last_name":"Sarabia","domain_name":"umsnh","page_name":"MarcelaSarabia","display_name":"Marcela Sarabia","profile_url":"https://umsnh.academia.edu/MarcelaSarabia?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8218173/2843161/10649628/s65_marcela.sarabia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":1959615,"name":"Colonización Micorrízica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonizaci%C3%B3n_Micorr%C3%ADzica?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29704449" data-work_id="29704449" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29704449/The_Role_of_Microbial_Inoculants_in_Integrated_Crop_Management_Systems">The Role of Microbial Inoculants in Integrated Crop Management Systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of the major issues facing humankind is global food security. A changing climate, coupled with a heightened consumer awareness of how food is produced and legislative changes governing the usage of agrichemicals for improving plant... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29704449" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of the major issues facing humankind is global food security. A changing climate, coupled with a heightened consumer awareness of how food is produced and legislative changes governing the usage of agrichemicals for improving plant health and yield, means that alternative, more integrated and sustainable approaches are needed for crop management practices. To this end, there is increasing recognition of the value of the role of microbial inoculants in agriculture. The focus of this review is to understand how plant-growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can play a part in improving crop yield by promoting the health status of the plant through the sequestration of various nutrients and in the control of plant diseases.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29704449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="27f68ba0953760cc2d0f3e1d08bce20c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50152126,"asset_id":29704449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50152126/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56203631" href="https://danforthcenter.academia.edu/SivaVelivelli">Siva Velivelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56203631" type="text/json">{"id":56203631,"first_name":"Siva","last_name":"Velivelli","domain_name":"danforthcenter","page_name":"SivaVelivelli","display_name":"Siva Velivelli","profile_url":"https://danforthcenter.academia.edu/SivaVelivelli?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56203631/14791141/15592196/s65_siva.velivelli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29704449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29704449"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29704449, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29704449", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29704449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29704449; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29704449"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29704449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29704449"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29704449; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29704449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29704449").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29704449").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29704449"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">182</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Engineering">Agricultural Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66" type="text/json">{"id":66,"name":"Agricultural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1042" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture">Horticulture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1042" type="text/json">{"id":1042,"name":"Horticulture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1360" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Ecology">Plant Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1360" type="text/json">{"id":1360,"name":"Plant Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2960" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_industrialization_of_agriculture_vertical_coordination_in_the_US_food_system">The industrialization of agriculture: vertical coordination in the US food system.</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2960" type="text/json">{"id":2960,"name":"The industrialization of agriculture: vertical coordination in the US food system.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_industrialization_of_agriculture_vertical_coordination_in_the_US_food_system?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29704449]'), work: {"id":29704449,"title":"The Role of Microbial Inoculants in Integrated Crop Management Systems","created_at":"2016-11-06T17:01:48.133-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29704449/The_Role_of_Microbial_Inoculants_in_Integrated_Crop_Management_Systems?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_29704449","summary":"One of the major issues facing humankind is global food security. A changing climate, coupled with a heightened consumer awareness of how food is produced and legislative changes governing the usage of agrichemicals for improving plant health and yield, means that alternative, more integrated and sustainable approaches are needed for crop management practices. To this end, there is increasing recognition of the value of the role of microbial inoculants in agriculture. The focus of this review is to understand how plant-growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can play a part in improving crop yield by promoting the health status of the plant through the sequestration of various nutrients and in the control of plant diseases.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50152126,"asset_id":29704449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56203631,"first_name":"Siva","last_name":"Velivelli","domain_name":"danforthcenter","page_name":"SivaVelivelli","display_name":"Siva Velivelli","profile_url":"https://danforthcenter.academia.edu/SivaVelivelli?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56203631/14791141/15592196/s65_siva.velivelli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":66,"name":"Agricultural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":1042,"name":"Horticulture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":1360,"name":"Plant Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":2960,"name":"The industrialization of agriculture: vertical coordination in the US food system.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_industrialization_of_agriculture_vertical_coordination_in_the_US_food_system?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":3529,"name":"Organic agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_agriculture?f_ri=130447"},{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=130447"},{"id":3531,"name":"Traditional and subsistence agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_and_subsistence_agriculture?f_ri=130447"},{"id":3532,"name":"Sociology of agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_agriculture?f_ri=130447"},{"id":3537,"name":"Agricultural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Development?f_ri=130447"},{"id":3549,"name":"Crop genetic diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_genetic_diversity?f_ri=130447"},{"id":4306,"name":"Pest Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pest_Management?f_ri=130447"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=130447"},{"id":4731,"name":"Precision Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precision_Agriculture?f_ri=130447"},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":7312,"name":"Agricultural 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Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Nutrition?f_ri=130447"},{"id":24117,"name":"Organic agriculture (Sustainability)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_agriculture_Sustainability_?f_ri=130447"},{"id":25657,"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Molecular_Biology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":25658,"name":"Plant Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Virology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":27482,"name":"Plant Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Science?f_ri=130447"},{"id":28361,"name":"Urban agriculture (Sustainable Urban Environments)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_agriculture_Sustainable_Urban_Environments_?f_ri=130447"},{"id":28577,"name":"Urban Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Agriculture?f_ri=130447"},{"id":33104,"name":"Ancient Agriculture \u0026 Farming 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Effective control with fungal entomopathogens using inundation biocontrol requires an understanding of the ecology of the target insect, fungal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29981519" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Insect pests persist in a wide-variety of agricultural, arboreal and urban environments. Effective control with fungal entomopathogens using inundation biocontrol requires an understanding of the ecology of the target insect, fungal pathogen, and the insect-pathogen interaction. Historically, the development of production and formulation processes for biocontrol fungi has primarily focused on reducing costs by maximizing the yield of infective propagules, increasing storage stability, and improving product form for ease of application. These goals are critical for commercialization but are often in conflict with environmental and ecological considerations. Critical parameters for selecting a fungal pathogen for use in inundation biocontrol include the cost-effective production of a stable, infective propagule that is suited for use in the environment where the insect must be controlled. Production processes can be manipulated nutritionally and environmentally to produce efficacious propagules or to direct fungal differentiation to propagule forms that may be better suited for use in specific environments. Formulation development must also consider ecological and environmental factors to maximize biocontrol efficacy. A basic understanding of the surface chemistries of the fungal propagule and insect, the interactions between a fungal propagule and the insect cuticle that lead to infection, and the impact of the environment on this interaction can aid in the development of effective formulations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29981519" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f03a7061f6c2f4b50dba464271e19cdb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50440410,"asset_id":29981519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50440410/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56953486" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SJaronski">Stefan Jaronski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56953486" type="text/json">{"id":56953486,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Jaronski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SJaronski","display_name":"Stefan Jaronski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SJaronski?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29981519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29981519"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29981519, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29981519", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29981519]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29981519").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29981519").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29981519"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29067" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Chemistry">Surface Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29067" type="text/json">{"id":29067,"name":"Surface Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Chemistry?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165565" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_effectiveness">Cost effectiveness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="165565" type="text/json">{"id":165565,"name":"Cost effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_effectiveness?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29981519]'), work: {"id":29981519,"title":"Ecological considerations in producing and formulating fungal entomopathogens for use in insect biocontrol","created_at":"2016-11-20T11:35:14.632-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29981519/Ecological_considerations_in_producing_and_formulating_fungal_entomopathogens_for_use_in_insect_biocontrol?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_29981519","summary":"Insect pests persist in a wide-variety of agricultural, arboreal and urban environments. Effective control with fungal entomopathogens using inundation biocontrol requires an understanding of the ecology of the target insect, fungal pathogen, and the insect-pathogen interaction. Historically, the development of production and formulation processes for biocontrol fungi has primarily focused on reducing costs by maximizing the yield of infective propagules, increasing storage stability, and improving product form for ease of application. These goals are critical for commercialization but are often in conflict with environmental and ecological considerations. Critical parameters for selecting a fungal pathogen for use in inundation biocontrol include the cost-effective production of a stable, infective propagule that is suited for use in the environment where the insect must be controlled. Production processes can be manipulated nutritionally and environmentally to produce efficacious propagules or to direct fungal differentiation to propagule forms that may be better suited for use in specific environments. Formulation development must also consider ecological and environmental factors to maximize biocontrol efficacy. A basic understanding of the surface chemistries of the fungal propagule and insect, the interactions between a fungal propagule and the insect cuticle that lead to infection, and the impact of the environment on this interaction can aid in the development of effective formulations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50440410,"asset_id":29981519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56953486,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Jaronski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SJaronski","display_name":"Stefan Jaronski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SJaronski?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":29067,"name":"Surface Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Chemistry?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":165565,"name":"Cost effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_effectiveness?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":183166,"name":"Urban Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Environment?f_ri=130447"},{"id":216311,"name":"Fungal Pathogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungal_Pathogens?f_ri=130447"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447"},{"id":385144,"name":"Production Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Process?f_ri=130447"},{"id":435458,"name":"Insect pests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_pests?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1202082,"name":"Critical Parameter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Parameter?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26884833" data-work_id="26884833" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26884833/Beneficial_bacteria_of_agricultural_importance">Beneficial bacteria of agricultural importance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The rhizosphere is the soil-plant root interphase and in practice consists of the soil adhering to the root besides the loose soil surrounding it. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are potential agents for the biological control... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26884833" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The rhizosphere is the soil-plant root interphase and in practice consists of the soil adhering to the root besides the loose soil surrounding it. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are potential agents for the biological control of plant pathogens. A biocontrol strain should be able to protect the host plant from pathogens and fulfill the requirement for strong colonization. Numerous compounds that are toxic to pathogens, such as HCN, phenazines, pyrrolnitrin, and pyoluteorin as well as, other enzymes, antibiotics, metabolites and phytohormones are the means by which PGPR act, just as quorum sensing and chemotaxis which are vital for rhizosphere competence and colonization. The presence of root exudates has a pronounced effect on the rhizosphere where they serve as an energy source, promoting growth and influencing the root system for the rhizobacteria. In certain instances they have products that inhibit the growth of soil-borne pathogens to the advantage of the plant root. A major source of concern is reproducibility in the field due to the complex interaction between the plant (plant species), microbe and the environment (soil fertility and moisture, day length, light intensity, length of growing season, and temperature). This review listed most of the documented PGPR genera and discussed their exploitation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26884833" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5bd05c3092ee133eb651ffa140828690" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47149516,"asset_id":26884833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47149516/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50889063" href="https://nwu.academia.edu/OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola">Olubukola Oluranti Babalola</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50889063" type="text/json">{"id":50889063,"first_name":"Olubukola Oluranti","last_name":"Babalola","domain_name":"nwu","page_name":"OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola","display_name":"Olubukola Oluranti Babalola","profile_url":"https://nwu.academia.edu/OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26884833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26884833"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26884833, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26884833", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26884833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26884833; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26884833"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26884833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26884833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26884833; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26884833]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26884833").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26884833").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26884833"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10225" type="text/json">{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control">Biological Control</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23515" type="text/json">{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26884833]'), work: {"id":26884833,"title":"Beneficial bacteria of agricultural importance","created_at":"2016-07-10T22:40:21.489-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26884833/Beneficial_bacteria_of_agricultural_importance?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_26884833","summary":"The rhizosphere is the soil-plant root interphase and in practice consists of the soil adhering to the root besides the loose soil surrounding it. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are potential agents for the biological control of plant pathogens. A biocontrol strain should be able to protect the host plant from pathogens and fulfill the requirement for strong colonization. Numerous compounds that are toxic to pathogens, such as HCN, phenazines, pyrrolnitrin, and pyoluteorin as well as, other enzymes, antibiotics, metabolites and phytohormones are the means by which PGPR act, just as quorum sensing and chemotaxis which are vital for rhizosphere competence and colonization. The presence of root exudates has a pronounced effect on the rhizosphere where they serve as an energy source, promoting growth and influencing the root system for the rhizobacteria. In certain instances they have products that inhibit the growth of soil-borne pathogens to the advantage of the plant root. A major source of concern is reproducibility in the field due to the complex interaction between the plant (plant species), microbe and the environment (soil fertility and moisture, day length, light intensity, length of growing season, and temperature). This review listed most of the documented PGPR genera and discussed their exploitation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47149516,"asset_id":26884833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50889063,"first_name":"Olubukola Oluranti","last_name":"Babalola","domain_name":"nwu","page_name":"OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola","display_name":"Olubukola Oluranti Babalola","profile_url":"https://nwu.academia.edu/OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447"},{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=130447"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":137610,"name":"Quorum Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quorum_Sensing?f_ri=130447"},{"id":202399,"name":"Plant Roots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Roots?f_ri=130447"},{"id":211830,"name":"Soil Fertility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Fertility?f_ri=130447"},{"id":231547,"name":"Soil Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbiology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=130447"},{"id":280709,"name":"Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Growth_Promoting_Rhizobacteria?f_ri=130447"},{"id":387505,"name":"Light Intensity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light_Intensity?f_ri=130447"},{"id":586072,"name":"Plant species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_species?f_ri=130447"},{"id":607003,"name":"Plant Pathogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Pathogen?f_ri=130447"},{"id":630848,"name":"Plant Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Development?f_ri=130447"},{"id":716767,"name":"Root System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_System?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1003892,"name":"Energy Source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Source?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1302079,"name":"Host Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Plant?f_ri=130447"},{"id":2163839,"name":"Growing Season","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growing_Season?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37176299" data-work_id="37176299" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37176299/Rizobacterias_promotoras_del_crecimiento_vegetal_una_alternativa_de_biofertilizaci%C3%B3n_para_la_agricultura_sustentable">Rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal: una alternativa de biofertilización para la agricultura sustentable</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Modern agriculture faces new challenges, integrating ecological and molecular approaches, to achieve higher crop yields and to minimize negative impacts on the environment. To generate higher yields, the doses of synthetic fertilizers per... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37176299" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Modern agriculture faces new challenges, integrating ecological and molecular approaches, to achieve higher crop yields and to minimize negative impacts on the environment. To generate higher yields, the doses of synthetic fertilizers per unit area have been significantly increased, which can cause contamination, damage to the health and loss of soil fertility, making this one of the most important concerns in agricultural production. To improve production without the use of fertilizers of chemical origin, research has been oriented towards the development of new biotechnologies: causing a growing interest in beneficial microorganisms in the soil, as these can promote plant growth and, in some cases, avoid infections of plant tissue by pathogens. The interactions of plant growth promoting rhyzobacteria (PGPR) with the biotic medium - plants and microorganisms - are very complex and use different mechanisms of action to promote plant growth. These mechanisms are grouped into: 1) Biofertilization; 2) Phytostimulation and 3) Biocontrol. Inoculating the crops with PGPR could substantially reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and the negative impacts to the soil, increase crop yields, contributing to the producer's economy and the population's nutrition. This review describes basic aspects inherent to the interaction between PGPR and plant species, focusing on the benefits of PGPR to the agricultural activity.<br /><br />RESUMEN<br /><br />La agricultura moderna enfrenta nuevos desafíos, integrando enfoques ecológicos y moleculares, para lograr mayores rendimientos de los cultivos y reducir al mínimo los impactos sobre el ambiente. Para generar mayores rendimientos se han incrementado significativamente las dosis de fertilizantes sintéticos por unidad de superficie, los cuales pueden provocar contaminación, daños a la salud y pérdida de la fertilidad de los suelos, convirtiéndose en una de las preocupaciones más importantes en la producción agrícola. Para mejorar la producción sin el uso de fertilizantes de origen químico, las investigaciones se han orientado hacia el desarrollo de nuevas biotecnologías: provocando que exista un interés creciente en los microorganismos benéficos del suelo ya que éstos pueden promover el crecimiento de las plantas y, en algunos casos, evitar infecciones del tejido vegetal por patógenos. Las interacciones de las rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (RPCV) con el medio biótico – plantas y microorganismos – son muy complejas y utilizan diferentes mecanismos de acción para promover el crecimiento de las plantas. Estos mecanismos se agrupan en: 1) Biofertilización; 2) Fito-estimulación; y 3) Biocontrol. Inocular los cultivos con RPCV reduce sustancialmente el uso de fertilizantes sintéticos y los impactos negativos al suelo, aumenta el rendimiento de los cultivos, contribuyendo a la economía del productor y a la alimentación de la población. Esta revisión describe aspectos básicos inherentes a la interacción entre las RPCV y las especies vegetales, centrándose en los beneficios que aportan las RPCV a la actividad agrícola.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37176299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7359e6a830448c1f1ab8c3ea6a6f26fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57127524,"asset_id":37176299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57127524/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25146231" href="https://unal.academia.edu/rdebiotecnologia">revista colombiana de biotecnologia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25146231" type="text/json">{"id":25146231,"first_name":"revista colombiana","last_name":"de biotecnologia","domain_name":"unal","page_name":"rdebiotecnologia","display_name":"revista colombiana de biotecnologia","profile_url":"https://unal.academia.edu/rdebiotecnologia?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25146231/15616270/16192248/s65_revista_colombiana.de_biotecnologia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37176299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37176299"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37176299, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37176299", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37176299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37176299; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37176299"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37176299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37176299"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37176299; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37176299]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37176299").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37176299").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37176299"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="413804" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inoculation">Inoculation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="413804" type="text/json">{"id":413804,"name":"Inoculation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inoculation?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="572134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotic_regulation_of_parasite_transmission">Biotic regulation of parasite transmission</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="572134" type="text/json">{"id":572134,"name":"Biotic regulation of parasite transmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotic_regulation_of_parasite_transmission?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37176299]'), work: {"id":37176299,"title":"Rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal: una alternativa de biofertilización para la agricultura sustentable","created_at":"2018-08-03T08:20:18.667-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37176299/Rizobacterias_promotoras_del_crecimiento_vegetal_una_alternativa_de_biofertilizaci%C3%B3n_para_la_agricultura_sustentable?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_37176299","summary":"Modern agriculture faces new challenges, integrating ecological and molecular approaches, to achieve higher crop yields and to minimize negative impacts on the environment. To generate higher yields, the doses of synthetic fertilizers per unit area have been significantly increased, which can cause contamination, damage to the health and loss of soil fertility, making this one of the most important concerns in agricultural production. To improve production without the use of fertilizers of chemical origin, research has been oriented towards the development of new biotechnologies: causing a growing interest in beneficial microorganisms in the soil, as these can promote plant growth and, in some cases, avoid infections of plant tissue by pathogens. The interactions of plant growth promoting rhyzobacteria (PGPR) with the biotic medium - plants and microorganisms - are very complex and use different mechanisms of action to promote plant growth. These mechanisms are grouped into: 1) Biofertilization; 2) Phytostimulation and 3) Biocontrol. Inoculating the crops with PGPR could substantially reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and the negative impacts to the soil, increase crop yields, contributing to the producer's economy and the population's nutrition. This review describes basic aspects inherent to the interaction between PGPR and plant species, focusing on the benefits of PGPR to the agricultural activity.\n\nRESUMEN\n\nLa agricultura moderna enfrenta nuevos desafíos, integrando enfoques ecológicos y moleculares, para lograr mayores rendimientos de los cultivos y reducir al mínimo los impactos sobre el ambiente. Para generar mayores rendimientos se han incrementado significativamente las dosis de fertilizantes sintéticos por unidad de superficie, los cuales pueden provocar contaminación, daños a la salud y pérdida de la fertilidad de los suelos, convirtiéndose en una de las preocupaciones más importantes en la producción agrícola. Para mejorar la producción sin el uso de fertilizantes de origen químico, las investigaciones se han orientado hacia el desarrollo de nuevas biotecnologías: provocando que exista un interés creciente en los microorganismos benéficos del suelo ya que éstos pueden promover el crecimiento de las plantas y, en algunos casos, evitar infecciones del tejido vegetal por patógenos. Las interacciones de las rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (RPCV) con el medio biótico – plantas y microorganismos – son muy complejas y utilizan diferentes mecanismos de acción para promover el crecimiento de las plantas. Estos mecanismos se agrupan en: 1) Biofertilización; 2) Fito-estimulación; y 3) Biocontrol. Inocular los cultivos con RPCV reduce sustancialmente el uso de fertilizantes sintéticos y los impactos negativos al suelo, aumenta el rendimiento de los cultivos, contribuyendo a la economía del productor y a la alimentación de la población. Esta revisión describe aspectos básicos inherentes a la interacción entre las RPCV y las especies vegetales, centrándose en los beneficios que aportan las RPCV a la actividad agrícola.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57127524,"asset_id":37176299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25146231,"first_name":"revista colombiana","last_name":"de biotecnologia","domain_name":"unal","page_name":"rdebiotecnologia","display_name":"revista colombiana de biotecnologia","profile_url":"https://unal.academia.edu/rdebiotecnologia?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25146231/15616270/16192248/s65_revista_colombiana.de_biotecnologia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":413804,"name":"Inoculation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inoculation?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":572134,"name":"Biotic regulation of parasite transmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotic_regulation_of_parasite_transmission?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16328748 coauthored" data-work_id="16328748" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16328748/Approaches_to_conserving_natural_enemy_populations_in_greenhouse_crops_current_methods_and_future_prospects">Approaches to conserving natural enemy populations in greenhouse crops: current methods and future prospects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Biological pest control in greenhouse crops is usually based on periodical releases of mass-produced natural enemies, and this method has been successfully applied for decades. However, in some cases there are shortcomings in pest control... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16328748" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Biological pest control in greenhouse crops is usually based on periodical releases of mass-produced natural enemies, and this method has been successfully applied for decades. However, in some cases there are shortcomings in pest control efficacy, which often can be attributed to the poor establishment of natural enemies. Their establishment and population numbers can be enhanced by providing additional resources, such as alternative food, prey, hosts, oviposition sites or shelters. Furthermore, natural enemy efficacy can be enhanced by using volatiles, adapting the greenhouse climate, avoiding pesticide side-effects and minimizing disrupting food web complexities. The special case of high value crops in a protected greenhouse environment offers tremendous opportunities to design and manage the system in ways that increase crop resilience to pest infestations. While we have outlined opportunities and tools to develop such systems, this review also identifies knowledge gaps, where additional research is needed to optimize these tools.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16328748" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0abbc3c779966a80205f9f83d4b50e81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42519197,"asset_id":16328748,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42519197/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35506499" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GerbenMesselink">Gerben Messelink</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35506499" type="text/json">{"id":35506499,"first_name":"Gerben","last_name":"Messelink","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GerbenMesselink","display_name":"Gerben Messelink","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GerbenMesselink?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/386277dcd226027ed6d00a8fdb34634c?s=65"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16328748">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16328748"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LesShipp">Les Shipp</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://irta.academia.edu/oscaralomar">Oscar Alomar</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucianaTavella">Luciana Tavella</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16328748'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16328748').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16328748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16328748"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16328748, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16328748", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16328748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16328748; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16328748"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16328748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16328748"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16328748; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16328748]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16328748").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16328748").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16328748"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES">CHEMICAL SCIENCES</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="260118" type="text/json">{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16328748]'), work: {"id":16328748,"title":"Approaches to conserving natural enemy populations in greenhouse crops: current methods and future prospects","created_at":"2015-09-30T10:02:28.439-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16328748/Approaches_to_conserving_natural_enemy_populations_in_greenhouse_crops_current_methods_and_future_prospects?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_16328748","summary":"Biological pest control in greenhouse crops is usually based on periodical releases of mass-produced natural enemies, and this method has been successfully applied for decades. However, in some cases there are shortcomings in pest control efficacy, which often can be attributed to the poor establishment of natural enemies. Their establishment and population numbers can be enhanced by providing additional resources, such as alternative food, prey, hosts, oviposition sites or shelters. Furthermore, natural enemy efficacy can be enhanced by using volatiles, adapting the greenhouse climate, avoiding pesticide side-effects and minimizing disrupting food web complexities. The special case of high value crops in a protected greenhouse environment offers tremendous opportunities to design and manage the system in ways that increase crop resilience to pest infestations. While we have outlined opportunities and tools to develop such systems, this review also identifies knowledge gaps, where additional research is needed to optimize these tools.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42519197,"asset_id":16328748,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35506499,"first_name":"Gerben","last_name":"Messelink","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GerbenMesselink","display_name":"Gerben Messelink","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GerbenMesselink?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/386277dcd226027ed6d00a8fdb34634c?s=65"},{"id":35438710,"first_name":"Les","last_name":"Shipp","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LesShipp","display_name":"Les Shipp","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesShipp?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":165011,"first_name":"Oscar","last_name":"Alomar","domain_name":"irta","page_name":"oscaralomar","display_name":"Oscar Alomar","profile_url":"https://irta.academia.edu/oscaralomar?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":35526495,"first_name":"Luciana","last_name":"Tavella","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucianaTavella","display_name":"Luciana Tavella","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucianaTavella?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30027879" data-work_id="30027879" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30027879/Ecological_factors_in_the_inundative_use_of_fungal_entomopathogens">Ecological factors in the inundative use of fungal entomopathogens</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fungal entomopathogens have been developed in numerous countries as biocontrol agents with more than 100 mycoinsecticide products commercially available in 2006. The chief, perhaps sole, use of these mycoinsecticides has been as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30027879" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fungal entomopathogens have been developed in numerous countries as biocontrol agents with more than 100 mycoinsecticide products commercially available in 2006. The chief, perhaps sole, use of these mycoinsecticides has been as inundative agents, within a chemical paradigm. Large numbers of propagules are applied in an attempt to overwhelm by brute force many of the factors that keep a pathogen in nonepizootic equilibrium with its host. This review attempts to summarize what we know about the abiotic and biotic factors that affect the efficacy of these mycoinsecticides in both foliar and soil applications. Sunlight, humidity, temperature, and phylloplane-associated factors can affect both immediate efficacy and persistence on plants. Likewise, soil texture-moisture interactions, temperature, and a host of biotic factors can affect mycoinsecticides in the soil. Despite much research, our understanding of these ecological aspects is imperfect, especially in a holistic, dynamic sense.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30027879" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="725470ec768b7b8d88ba97fb35a3c50f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50482404,"asset_id":30027879,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50482404/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56953486" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SJaronski">Stefan Jaronski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56953486" type="text/json">{"id":56953486,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Jaronski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SJaronski","display_name":"Stefan Jaronski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SJaronski?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30027879 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30027879"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30027879, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30027879", }); 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The chief, perhaps sole, use of these mycoinsecticides has been as inundative agents, within a chemical paradigm. Large numbers of propagules are applied in an attempt to overwhelm by brute force many of the factors that keep a pathogen in nonepizootic equilibrium with its host. This review attempts to summarize what we know about the abiotic and biotic factors that affect the efficacy of these mycoinsecticides in both foliar and soil applications. Sunlight, humidity, temperature, and phylloplane-associated factors can affect both immediate efficacy and persistence on plants. Likewise, soil texture-moisture interactions, temperature, and a host of biotic factors can affect mycoinsecticides in the soil. Despite much research, our understanding of these ecological aspects is imperfect, especially in a holistic, dynamic sense.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50482404,"asset_id":30027879,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56953486,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Jaronski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SJaronski","display_name":"Stefan Jaronski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SJaronski?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16605,"name":"Persistence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persistence?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":126465,"name":"Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficacy?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=130447"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447"},{"id":444369,"name":"Humidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humidity?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1277641,"name":"Soil Texture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Texture?f_ri=130447"},{"id":2069070,"name":"Phylloplane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylloplane?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29499556" data-work_id="29499556" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29499556/Microorganismos_con_uso_potencial_contra_el_nematodo_de_ovinos_Haemonchus_contortus">Microorganismos con uso potencial contra el nematodo de ovinos Haemonchus contortus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">PRESENTADA COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE: DOCTORA EN CIENCIAS MONTECILLO, TEXCOCO, ESTADO DE MÉXICO 2012 1 COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS INSTITUCIÓN DE ENSEÑANZA E INVESTIGACIÓN EN CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS CAMPUS MONTECILLO... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29499556" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">PRESENTADA COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE: DOCTORA EN CIENCIAS MONTECILLO, TEXCOCO, ESTADO DE MÉXICO 2012 1 COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS INSTITUCIÓN DE ENSEÑANZA E INVESTIGACIÓN EN CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS CAMPUS MONTECILLO POSTGRADO DE RECURSOS GENÉTICOS Y PRODUCTIVIDAD GANADERÍA ii La presente tesis intitulada: "Microorganismos con uso potencial contra el nematodo de ovinos Haemonchus contortus", realizada por la alumna: Liliana Aguilar Marcelino, bajo la dirección del Consejo Particular indicado, ha sido aprobada por el mismo y aceptada como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de: DOCTORA EN CIENCIAS RECURSOS GENÉTICOS Y PRODUCTIVIDAD GANADERÍA CONSEJO PARTICULAR CONSEJERO ______________________________________________ AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Colegio de Postgraduados por la formación académica. A CONACYT por la beca (No. 211375) otorgada para la realización de los estudios doctorales. la IB. Sarahí Castañeda Ramírez iv DEDICATORIA A Dios por darme la vida, salud y fortaleza para seguir adelante. A mi Madre la Profesora Ma. Leonides Marcelino Contreras por todo el sacrificio, ausencias, cuidado y apoyo incondicional, te quiero mucho, admiró y respeto. A mi hija Dana Helena Bahena Aguilar que es lo mejor que me ha sucedido en la vida y darme la oportunidad de vivir la grandiosa experiencia de ser madre. A mi Esposo el Lic. Roberto Isaac Bahena González, por apoyarme siempre, te amo. A mi Papá y Mamá:</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29499556" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b0deb76bdea993fc710857ab5d51465" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49938441,"asset_id":29499556,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49938441/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55669808" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LilianaAguilarMarcelino">Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55669808" type="text/json">{"id":55669808,"first_name":"Liliana","last_name":"Aguilar-Marcelino","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LilianaAguilarMarcelino","display_name":"Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LilianaAguilarMarcelino?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29499556 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29499556"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29499556, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29499556", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29499556]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29499556").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29499556").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29499556"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29499556]'), work: {"id":29499556,"title":"Microorganismos con uso potencial contra el nematodo de ovinos Haemonchus contortus","created_at":"2016-10-28T06:15:08.719-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29499556/Microorganismos_con_uso_potencial_contra_el_nematodo_de_ovinos_Haemonchus_contortus?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_29499556","summary":"PRESENTADA COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE: DOCTORA EN CIENCIAS MONTECILLO, TEXCOCO, ESTADO DE MÉXICO 2012 1 COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS INSTITUCIÓN DE ENSEÑANZA E INVESTIGACIÓN EN CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS CAMPUS MONTECILLO POSTGRADO DE RECURSOS GENÉTICOS Y PRODUCTIVIDAD GANADERÍA ii La presente tesis intitulada: \"Microorganismos con uso potencial contra el nematodo de ovinos Haemonchus contortus\", realizada por la alumna: Liliana Aguilar Marcelino, bajo la dirección del Consejo Particular indicado, ha sido aprobada por el mismo y aceptada como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de: DOCTORA EN CIENCIAS RECURSOS GENÉTICOS Y PRODUCTIVIDAD GANADERÍA CONSEJO PARTICULAR CONSEJERO ______________________________________________ AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Colegio de Postgraduados por la formación académica. A CONACYT por la beca (No. 211375) otorgada para la realización de los estudios doctorales. la IB. Sarahí Castañeda Ramírez iv DEDICATORIA A Dios por darme la vida, salud y fortaleza para seguir adelante. A mi Madre la Profesora Ma. Leonides Marcelino Contreras por todo el sacrificio, ausencias, cuidado y apoyo incondicional, te quiero mucho, admiró y respeto. A mi hija Dana Helena Bahena Aguilar que es lo mejor que me ha sucedido en la vida y darme la oportunidad de vivir la grandiosa experiencia de ser madre. A mi Esposo el Lic. Roberto Isaac Bahena González, por apoyarme siempre, te amo. A mi Papá y Mamá:","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49938441,"asset_id":29499556,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55669808,"first_name":"Liliana","last_name":"Aguilar-Marcelino","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LilianaAguilarMarcelino","display_name":"Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LilianaAguilarMarcelino?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1029267" data-work_id="1029267" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1029267/Efficacy_of_eight_larvicidal_botanical_extracts_from_Khaya_senegalensis_and_Daucus_carota_against_Culex_annulirostris">Efficacy of eight larvicidal botanical extracts from Khaya senegalensis and Daucus carota against Culex annulirostris</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The failure to discover a significant new class of insecticides, has led many researchers back to biodiscovery studies in the search of new and economically viable alternatives. After preliminary screening with botanical extracts using... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1029267" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The failure to discover a significant new class of insecticides, has led many researchers back to biodiscovery studies in the search of new and economically viable alternatives. After preliminary screening with botanical extracts using descending series of concentrations (1000, 500, 100, 50 and 5 mg/L), eight extracts from two potential botanical agents, Khaya senegalensis (Desrousseaux) and Daucus carota L. were tested against 4 th instar Culex annulirostris (Skuse) larvae, using standard WHO insecticide susceptibility methodology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1029267" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9de62d751602f02da57708816af0c43d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51128776,"asset_id":1029267,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51128776/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="860770" href="https://aswu.academia.edu/EssamShaalan">Essam Shaalan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="860770" type="text/json">{"id":860770,"first_name":"Essam","last_name":"Shaalan","domain_name":"aswu","page_name":"EssamShaalan","display_name":"Essam Shaalan","profile_url":"https://aswu.academia.edu/EssamShaalan?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/860770/307761/364395/s65_essam.shaalan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1029267 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1029267"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1029267, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1029267", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1029267 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1029267; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1029267"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1029267 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1029267"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1029267; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1029267]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1029267").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1029267").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1029267"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7606" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Veterinary_Entomology">Medical and Veterinary Entomology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7606" type="text/json">{"id":7606,"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Veterinary_Entomology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides">Insecticides</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52972" type="text/json">{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1029267]'), work: {"id":1029267,"title":"Efficacy of eight larvicidal botanical extracts from Khaya senegalensis and Daucus carota against Culex annulirostris","created_at":"2011-10-20T00:36:17.739-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1029267/Efficacy_of_eight_larvicidal_botanical_extracts_from_Khaya_senegalensis_and_Daucus_carota_against_Culex_annulirostris?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_1029267","summary":"The failure to discover a significant new class of insecticides, has led many researchers back to biodiscovery studies in the search of new and economically viable alternatives. After preliminary screening with botanical extracts using descending series of concentrations (1000, 500, 100, 50 and 5 mg/L), eight extracts from two potential botanical agents, Khaya senegalensis (Desrousseaux) and Daucus carota L. were tested against 4 th instar Culex annulirostris (Skuse) larvae, using standard WHO insecticide susceptibility methodology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51128776,"asset_id":1029267,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":860770,"first_name":"Essam","last_name":"Shaalan","domain_name":"aswu","page_name":"EssamShaalan","display_name":"Essam Shaalan","profile_url":"https://aswu.academia.edu/EssamShaalan?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/860770/307761/364395/s65_essam.shaalan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":7606,"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Veterinary_Entomology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":188370,"name":"Meliaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meliaceae?f_ri=130447"},{"id":210078,"name":"Culex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culex?f_ri=130447"},{"id":245811,"name":"Vector control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vector_control?f_ri=130447"},{"id":246438,"name":"Bioinsecticide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinsecticide?f_ri=130447"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=130447"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=130447"},{"id":442493,"name":"Larva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Larva?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1644527,"name":"Daucus Carota","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daucus_Carota?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1863718,"name":"The American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14497301" data-work_id="14497301" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14497301/Biomedical_Microsystems_for_Minimally_Invasive_Diagnosis_and_Treatment">Biomedical Microsystems for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Great significant progress has been made in the development of biomedical microdevices in recent years, and these devices are now playing an important role in diagnosis and therapy. This paper presents a review of applications of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14497301" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Great significant progress has been made in the development of biomedical microdevices in recent years, and these devices are now playing an important role in diagnosis and therapy. This paper presents a review of applications of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices for in vivo diagnosis and therapy, and endoscopicand catheter-based interventions. MEMS technology has enabled the further development of advanced biomedical microdevices for use in the human body by integration of sensors, actuators, and electronics into small medical devices for use in the body. In this paper, we discuss three categories of such devices: navigation systems, sensors and actuators for catheters and endoscopes, and other minimally invasive techniques. A brief introduction to principles, device structures, packaging, and related issues is presented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14497301" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2bcdfc3f9ec541c1463dbd4a3676a275" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44111697,"asset_id":14497301,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44111697/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33443640" href="https://tohoku.academia.edu/MEsashi">M. Esashi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33443640" type="text/json">{"id":33443640,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Esashi","domain_name":"tohoku","page_name":"MEsashi","display_name":"M. Esashi","profile_url":"https://tohoku.academia.edu/MEsashi?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14497301 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14497301"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14497301, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14497301", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14497301 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14497301; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14497301"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14497301 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14497301"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14497301; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14497301]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14497301").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14497301").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14497301"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery">Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="647" type="text/json">{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfluidics">Microfluidics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2721" type="text/json">{"id":2721,"name":"Microfluidics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfluidics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4331" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosensors">Biosensors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4331" type="text/json">{"id":4331,"name":"Biosensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosensors?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packaging">Packaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5021" type="text/json">{"id":5021,"name":"Packaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packaging?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14497301]'), work: {"id":14497301,"title":"Biomedical Microsystems for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment","created_at":"2015-07-29T15:34:03.427-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14497301/Biomedical_Microsystems_for_Minimally_Invasive_Diagnosis_and_Treatment?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_14497301","summary":"Great significant progress has been made in the development of biomedical microdevices in recent years, and these devices are now playing an important role in diagnosis and therapy. This paper presents a review of applications of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices for in vivo diagnosis and therapy, and endoscopicand catheter-based interventions. MEMS technology has enabled the further development of advanced biomedical microdevices for use in the human body by integration of sensors, actuators, and electronics into small medical devices for use in the body. In this paper, we discuss three categories of such devices: navigation systems, sensors and actuators for catheters and endoscopes, and other minimally invasive techniques. A brief introduction to principles, device structures, packaging, and related issues is presented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44111697,"asset_id":14497301,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33443640,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Esashi","domain_name":"tohoku","page_name":"MEsashi","display_name":"M. Esashi","profile_url":"https://tohoku.academia.edu/MEsashi?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":2721,"name":"Microfluidics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfluidics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":4331,"name":"Biosensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosensors?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":5021,"name":"Packaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packaging?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":23818,"name":"Microelectromechanical systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microelectromechanical_systems?f_ri=130447"},{"id":55405,"name":"Sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensors?f_ri=130447"},{"id":57186,"name":"Actuators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Actuators?f_ri=130447"},{"id":59695,"name":"Navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Navigation?f_ri=130447"},{"id":88140,"name":"Human Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Body?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":200293,"name":"Tactile Sensor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactile_Sensor?f_ri=130447"},{"id":302037,"name":"In Vivo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vivo?f_ri=130447"},{"id":424981,"name":"Tactile Sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactile_Sensors?f_ri=130447"},{"id":627110,"name":"BioSensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BioSensors-1?f_ri=130447"},{"id":1241814,"name":"Pressure Sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pressure_Sensors?f_ri=130447"},{"id":2207590,"name":"Blood Pressure Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure_Measurement?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43006139" data-work_id="43006139" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43006139/Beneficial_Endophytic_Bacteria_Serendipita_indica_Interaction_for_Crop_Enhancement_and_Resistance_to_Phytopathogens">Beneficial Endophytic Bacteria-Serendipita indica Interaction for Crop Enhancement and Resistance to Phytopathogens</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Serendipita (=Piriformospora) indica is a fungal endophytic symbiont with the capabilities to enhance plant growth and confer resistance to different stresses. However, the application of this fungus in the field has led to inconsistent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43006139" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Serendipita (=Piriformospora) indica is a fungal endophytic symbiont with the capabilities to enhance plant growth and confer resistance to different stresses. However, the application of this fungus in the field has led to inconsistent results, perhaps due to antagonism with other microbes. Here, we studied the impact of individual bacterial isolates from the endophytic bacterial community on the in vitro growth of S. indica. We further analyzed how combinations of bacteria and S. indica influence plant growth and protection against the phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Bacterial strains of the genera Bacillus, Enterobacter and Burkholderia negatively affected S. indica growth on plates, whereas Mycolicibacterium, Rhizobium, Paenibacillus strains and several other bacteria from different taxa stimulated fungal growth. To further explore the potential of bacteria positively interacting with S. indica, four of the most promising strains belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium were selected for further experiments. Some dual inoculations of S. indica and Mycolicibacterium strains boosted the beneficial effects triggered by S. indica, further enhancing the growth of tomato plants, and alleviating the symptoms caused by the phytopathogens F. oxysporum and R. solani. However, some combinations of S. indica and bacteria were less effective than individual inoculations. By analyzing the genomes of the Mycolicibacterium strains, we revealed that these bacteria encode several genes predicted to be involved in the stimulation of S. indica growth, plant development and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Particularly, a high number of genes related to vitamin and nitrogen metabolism were detected. Taking into consideration multiple interactions on and inside plants, we showed in this study that some bacterial strains may induce beneficial effects on S. indica and could have an outstanding influence on the plant-fungus symbiosis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43006139" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a3fa64bdc47880a43e7102aa5a3c56d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63270101,"asset_id":43006139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63270101/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="156528630" href="https://boku.academia.edu/AlejandrodelBarrio">Alejandro del Barrio Duque</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="156528630" type="text/json">{"id":156528630,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"del Barrio Duque","domain_name":"boku","page_name":"AlejandrodelBarrio","display_name":"Alejandro del Barrio Duque","profile_url":"https://boku.academia.edu/AlejandrodelBarrio?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43006139 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43006139"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43006139, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43006139", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43006139 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43006139; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43006139"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43006139 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43006139"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43006139; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43006139]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43006139").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43006139").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43006139"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_microbe_interactions">Plant microbe interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="63518" type="text/json">{"id":63518,"name":"Plant microbe interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_microbe_interactions?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="810305" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biostimulants">Biostimulants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="810305" type="text/json">{"id":810305,"name":"Biostimulants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biostimulants?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43006139]'), work: {"id":43006139,"title":"Beneficial Endophytic Bacteria-Serendipita indica Interaction for Crop Enhancement and Resistance to Phytopathogens","created_at":"2020-05-11T03:41:45.630-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43006139/Beneficial_Endophytic_Bacteria_Serendipita_indica_Interaction_for_Crop_Enhancement_and_Resistance_to_Phytopathogens?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_43006139","summary":"Serendipita (=Piriformospora) indica is a fungal endophytic symbiont with the capabilities to enhance plant growth and confer resistance to different stresses. However, the application of this fungus in the field has led to inconsistent results, perhaps due to antagonism with other microbes. Here, we studied the impact of individual bacterial isolates from the endophytic bacterial community on the in vitro growth of S. indica. We further analyzed how combinations of bacteria and S. indica influence plant growth and protection against the phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Bacterial strains of the genera Bacillus, Enterobacter and Burkholderia negatively affected S. indica growth on plates, whereas Mycolicibacterium, Rhizobium, Paenibacillus strains and several other bacteria from different taxa stimulated fungal growth. To further explore the potential of bacteria positively interacting with S. indica, four of the most promising strains belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium were selected for further experiments. Some dual inoculations of S. indica and Mycolicibacterium strains boosted the beneficial effects triggered by S. indica, further enhancing the growth of tomato plants, and alleviating the symptoms caused by the phytopathogens F. oxysporum and R. solani. However, some combinations of S. indica and bacteria were less effective than individual inoculations. By analyzing the genomes of the Mycolicibacterium strains, we revealed that these bacteria encode several genes predicted to be involved in the stimulation of S. indica growth, plant development and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Particularly, a high number of genes related to vitamin and nitrogen metabolism were detected. Taking into consideration multiple interactions on and inside plants, we showed in this study that some bacterial strains may induce beneficial effects on S. indica and could have an outstanding influence on the plant-fungus symbiosis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63270101,"asset_id":43006139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":156528630,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"del Barrio Duque","domain_name":"boku","page_name":"AlejandrodelBarrio","display_name":"Alejandro del Barrio Duque","profile_url":"https://boku.academia.edu/AlejandrodelBarrio?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":63518,"name":"Plant microbe interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_microbe_interactions?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":810305,"name":"Biostimulants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biostimulants?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22430134" data-work_id="22430134" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22430134/Fungal_evolution_and_taxonomy">Fungal evolution and taxonomy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fungi and insects are closely associated in many terrestrial and some aquatic habitats. In addition to the pathogenic associations, many more interactions involve fungal spore dispersal. Recent advances in the study of insect-associated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22430134" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fungi and insects are closely associated in many terrestrial and some aquatic habitats. In addition to the pathogenic associations, many more interactions involve fungal spore dispersal. Recent advances in the study of insect-associated fungi have come from phylogenic analyses with increased taxon sampling and additional DNA loci. In addition to providing stable phylogenies, some molecular studies have begun to unravel problems of dating of evolutionary events, convergent evolution and host switching. These studies also enlighten our understanding of fungal ecology and the development of organismal interactions. Mycologists continue to rely heavily, however, on identified specimens based on morphology to incorporate more of the estimated 1.5 million species of fungi in phylogenetic studies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22430134" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8646e7254fda3b684c02df699268354c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43051113,"asset_id":22430134,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43051113/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32366259" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BlackwellMeredith">Meredith Blackwell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32366259" type="text/json">{"id":32366259,"first_name":"Meredith","last_name":"Blackwell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BlackwellMeredith","display_name":"Meredith Blackwell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BlackwellMeredith?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22430134 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22430134"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22430134, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22430134", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22430134 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22430134; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22430134"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22430134 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22430134"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22430134; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22430134]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22430134").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22430134").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22430134"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES">CHEMICAL SCIENCES</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="260118" type="text/json">{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="433395" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Habitat_Model">Aquatic Habitat Model</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="433395" type="text/json">{"id":433395,"name":"Aquatic Habitat Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Habitat_Model?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22430134]'), work: {"id":22430134,"title":"Fungal evolution and taxonomy","created_at":"2016-02-25T05:33:02.195-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22430134/Fungal_evolution_and_taxonomy?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_22430134","summary":"Fungi and insects are closely associated in many terrestrial and some aquatic habitats. In addition to the pathogenic associations, many more interactions involve fungal spore dispersal. Recent advances in the study of insect-associated fungi have come from phylogenic analyses with increased taxon sampling and additional DNA loci. In addition to providing stable phylogenies, some molecular studies have begun to unravel problems of dating of evolutionary events, convergent evolution and host switching. These studies also enlighten our understanding of fungal ecology and the development of organismal interactions. Mycologists continue to rely heavily, however, on identified specimens based on morphology to incorporate more of the estimated 1.5 million species of fungi in phylogenetic studies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43051113,"asset_id":22430134,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32366259,"first_name":"Meredith","last_name":"Blackwell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BlackwellMeredith","display_name":"Meredith Blackwell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BlackwellMeredith?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":433395,"name":"Aquatic Habitat Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Habitat_Model?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":489572,"name":"Convergent Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convergent_Evolution?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42116217" data-work_id="42116217" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42116217/Les_applications_antibact%C3%A9riennes_des_bact%C3%A9riophages_Antibacterial_applications_of_bacteriophages">Les applications antibactériennes des bactériophages Antibacterial applications of bacteriophages</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dès 1917, dans l'article où il décrit ses premières observations et propose le nom de bactériophage, Félix d'Hérelle rapporte une première utilisation de ces virus pour traiter des infections bactériennes, donnant ainsi naissance à la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42116217" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dès 1917, dans l'article où il décrit ses premières observations et propose le nom de bactériophage, Félix d'Hérelle rapporte une première utilisation de ces virus pour traiter des infections bactériennes, donnant ainsi naissance à la pha-gothérapie. Le développement de cette application a montré qu'il était possible de mettre en place des traitements ciblant spécifiquement les bactéries, tels que ceux basés sur l'utilisation d'antibiotiques. Ces derniers, de par leur très grande effica-cité et simplicité d'utilisation, ont provoqué le quasi-abandon de la phagothérapie. Aujourd'hui, un nombre croissant de bactéries pathogènes pour l'homme présente des phénotypes de résistance à plusieurs familles d'antibiotiques. Les infections causées par ces bactéries imposent l'utilisation de molécules au spectre d'activité toujours plus large et placent certains patients en situation d'impasse thérapeu-tique. Cet état de fait a relancé les recherches pour permettre le déploiement de la phagothérapie afin de traiter des patients mais aussi des animaux et des plantes. En fait, les domaines d'applications thérapeutiques des bactériophages s'élargissent au fur et à mesure que les agents antibactériens de nature chimique sont remis en cause, voire interdits. Cette revue revient sur les principes fondamentaux des applications thérapeutiques des bactériophages et expose les données récentes dans les domaines pour lesquels une exploitation commerciale est en cours ou sur le point d'émerger. <br /><br />Abstract. In the 1917 article in which Félix d'Hérelle describes his first observations and proposes the name of bacteriophage, he also reports the first use of these viruses to treat bacterial infections, thus giving birth to phage therapy. Soon after antibiotics supplanted bacteriophages. Today, bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics become a growing public health issue worldwide. This situation has revived research aiming at developing the antibacterial activity of bacteriophages to treat patients as well as diseases in animals and plants. In fact, the areas of applications of bacteriophages as antibacterial are widening as current solutions of chemical nature are questioned. This review summarizes the basic principles of therapeutic applications of bacteriophages and presents recent data in areas where commercial exploitation is occurring or about to emerge.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42116217" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="273af2db79516be2d8d37da90ec51d47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62249672,"asset_id":42116217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62249672/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5984646" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/CharlotteBrives">Charlotte Brives</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5984646" type="text/json">{"id":5984646,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Brives","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"CharlotteBrives","display_name":"Charlotte Brives","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/CharlotteBrives?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5984646/2535736/38278110/s65_charlotte.brives.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42116217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42116217"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42116217, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42116217", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42116217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42116217; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42116217"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42116217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42116217"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42116217; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42116217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42116217").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42116217").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42116217"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25645" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobials">Antimicrobials</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25645" type="text/json">{"id":25645,"name":"Antimicrobials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobials?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance">Antibiotic Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35620" type="text/json">{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="166418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phages">Phages</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="166418" type="text/json">{"id":166418,"name":"Phages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phages?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42116217]'), work: {"id":42116217,"title":"Les applications antibactériennes des bactériophages Antibacterial applications of bacteriophages","created_at":"2020-03-02T04:35:09.678-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42116217/Les_applications_antibact%C3%A9riennes_des_bact%C3%A9riophages_Antibacterial_applications_of_bacteriophages?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_42116217","summary":"Dès 1917, dans l'article où il décrit ses premières observations et propose le nom de bactériophage, Félix d'Hérelle rapporte une première utilisation de ces virus pour traiter des infections bactériennes, donnant ainsi naissance à la pha-gothérapie. Le développement de cette application a montré qu'il était possible de mettre en place des traitements ciblant spécifiquement les bactéries, tels que ceux basés sur l'utilisation d'antibiotiques. Ces derniers, de par leur très grande effica-cité et simplicité d'utilisation, ont provoqué le quasi-abandon de la phagothérapie. Aujourd'hui, un nombre croissant de bactéries pathogènes pour l'homme présente des phénotypes de résistance à plusieurs familles d'antibiotiques. Les infections causées par ces bactéries imposent l'utilisation de molécules au spectre d'activité toujours plus large et placent certains patients en situation d'impasse thérapeu-tique. Cet état de fait a relancé les recherches pour permettre le déploiement de la phagothérapie afin de traiter des patients mais aussi des animaux et des plantes. En fait, les domaines d'applications thérapeutiques des bactériophages s'élargissent au fur et à mesure que les agents antibactériens de nature chimique sont remis en cause, voire interdits. Cette revue revient sur les principes fondamentaux des applications thérapeutiques des bactériophages et expose les données récentes dans les domaines pour lesquels une exploitation commerciale est en cours ou sur le point d'émerger. \n\nAbstract. In the 1917 article in which Félix d'Hérelle describes his first observations and proposes the name of bacteriophage, he also reports the first use of these viruses to treat bacterial infections, thus giving birth to phage therapy. Soon after antibiotics supplanted bacteriophages. Today, bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics become a growing public health issue worldwide. This situation has revived research aiming at developing the antibacterial activity of bacteriophages to treat patients as well as diseases in animals and plants. In fact, the areas of applications of bacteriophages as antibacterial are widening as current solutions of chemical nature are questioned. This review summarizes the basic principles of therapeutic applications of bacteriophages and presents recent data in areas where commercial exploitation is occurring or about to emerge.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62249672,"asset_id":42116217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5984646,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Brives","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"CharlotteBrives","display_name":"Charlotte Brives","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/CharlotteBrives?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5984646/2535736/38278110/s65_charlotte.brives.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25645,"name":"Antimicrobials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobials?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":166418,"name":"Phages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phages?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":183098,"name":"Phage Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phage_Therapy?f_ri=130447"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34551794" data-work_id="34551794" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34551794/Sustainability_in_Plant_and_Crop_Protection_Nematode_Pathogenesis_of_Insects_and_Other_Pests_Ecology_and_Applied_Technologies_for_Sustainable_Plant_and_Crop_Protection">Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests Ecology and Applied Technologies for Sustainable Plant and Crop Protection</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In Venezuela, agricultural pest control is very frequently done using chemical products in indiscriminate manners, with adverse effects to human health and the environment. Thank to technological advances, today it is possible to identify... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34551794" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In Venezuela, agricultural pest control is very frequently done using chemical<br />products in indiscriminate manners, with adverse effects to human health and the<br />environment. Thank to technological advances, today it is possible to identify<br />chemical residues in food which were undetected in the past (Mol et al., 2008). For<br />that reason, we can assume that the ingestion of fresh and processed vegetables and<br />fruits which were considered innocuous in the past, could be affecting the consumers<br />health. In fact, more than 1,500 chemical poisoning cases due to pesticides were<br />reported in 2011 in the country (MPPS, 2011). Cholinesterase levels in blood have<br />been correlated with poisoning due to organophosphate pesticides; in 2003, a study<br />with a farmer community at Falcón State, indicated 60 % of poisoning in the whole<br />population (Zamora, 2003).<br />For decades, many scientists and academic institutions have been concerned with<br />the dangers of abusing chemical pesticides and despite it, no permanent strategies<br />or policies to reduce the input of those compounds in the Venezuelan ﬁelds have<br />been developed, while some advances and attempts of introducing biological control</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34551794" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77c8011f9f9b8a01a6e38a567872fd14" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54416827,"asset_id":34551794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54416827/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68185335" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LCarolinaRosalesA">L. Carolina Rosales A.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68185335" type="text/json">{"id":68185335,"first_name":"L. Carolina","last_name":"Rosales A.","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LCarolinaRosalesA","display_name":"L. Carolina Rosales A.","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LCarolinaRosalesA?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68185335/17710795/17747233/s65_l._carolina.rosales_a..jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34551794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34551794"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34551794, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34551794", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34551794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34551794; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34551794"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34551794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34551794"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34551794; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34551794]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34551794").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34551794").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34551794"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71121" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomopathogenic_nematodes">Entomopathogenic nematodes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71121" type="text/json">{"id":71121,"name":"Entomopathogenic nematodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomopathogenic_nematodes?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol">Biocontrol</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130447" type="text/json">{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34551794]'), work: {"id":34551794,"title":"Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests Ecology and Applied Technologies for Sustainable Plant and Crop Protection","created_at":"2017-09-12T12:22:49.437-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34551794/Sustainability_in_Plant_and_Crop_Protection_Nematode_Pathogenesis_of_Insects_and_Other_Pests_Ecology_and_Applied_Technologies_for_Sustainable_Plant_and_Crop_Protection?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_34551794","summary":"In Venezuela, agricultural pest control is very frequently done using chemical\nproducts in indiscriminate manners, with adverse effects to human health and the\nenvironment. Thank to technological advances, today it is possible to identify\nchemical residues in food which were undetected in the past (Mol et al., 2008). For\nthat reason, we can assume that the ingestion of fresh and processed vegetables and\nfruits which were considered innocuous in the past, could be affecting the consumers\nhealth. In fact, more than 1,500 chemical poisoning cases due to pesticides were\nreported in 2011 in the country (MPPS, 2011). Cholinesterase levels in blood have\nbeen correlated with poisoning due to organophosphate pesticides; in 2003, a study\nwith a farmer community at Falcón State, indicated 60 % of poisoning in the whole\npopulation (Zamora, 2003).\nFor decades, many scientists and academic institutions have been concerned with\nthe dangers of abusing chemical pesticides and despite it, no permanent strategies\nor policies to reduce the input of those compounds in the Venezuelan ﬁelds have\nbeen developed, while some advances and attempts of introducing biological control","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54416827,"asset_id":34551794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68185335,"first_name":"L. Carolina","last_name":"Rosales A.","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LCarolinaRosalesA","display_name":"L. Carolina Rosales A.","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LCarolinaRosalesA?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68185335/17710795/17747233/s65_l._carolina.rosales_a..jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71121,"name":"Entomopathogenic nematodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomopathogenic_nematodes?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11460001" data-work_id="11460001" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11460001/Trichoderma_plant_pathogen_interactions">Trichoderma–plant–pathogen interactions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Biological control involves the use of beneficial organisms, their genes, and/or products, such as metabolites, that reduce the negative effects of plant pathogens and promote positive responses by the plant. Disease suppression, as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11460001" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Biological control involves the use of beneficial organisms, their genes, and/or products, such as metabolites, that reduce the negative effects of plant pathogens and promote positive responses by the plant. Disease suppression, as mediated by biocontrol agents, is the consequence of the interactions between the plant, pathogens, and the microbial community. Antagonists belonging to the genus Trichoderma are among the most commonly isolated soil fungi. Due to their ability to protect plants and contain pathogen populations under different soil conditions, these fungi have been widely studied and commercially marketed as biopesticides, biofertilizers and soil amendments. Trichoderma spp. also produce numerous biologically active compounds, including cell wall degrading enzymes, and secondary metabolites. Studies of the three-way relationship established with Trichoderma, the plant and the pathogen are aimed at unravelling the mechanisms involved in partner recognition and the cross-talk used to maintain the beneficial association between the fungal antagonist and the plant. Several strategies have been used to identify the molecular factors involved in this complex tripartite interaction including genomics, proteomics and, more recently, metabolomics, in order to enhance our understanding. This review presents recent advances and findings regarding the biocontrol-resulting events that take place during the Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interaction. We focus our attention on the biological aspects of this topic, highlighting the novel findings concerning the role of Trichoderma in disease suppression. A better understanding of these factors is expected to enhance not only the rapid identification of effective strains and their applications but also indicate the potentials for improvement of natural strains of Trichoderma. r</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11460001" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a3991e876e167608f9c2a16c3dba047" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46695042,"asset_id":11460001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46695042/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMDE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27902007" href="https://unina.academia.edu/RobertaMarra">Roberta Marra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27902007" type="text/json">{"id":27902007,"first_name":"Roberta","last_name":"Marra","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"RobertaMarra","display_name":"Roberta Marra","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/RobertaMarra?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27902007/145964933/135502211/s65_roberta.marra.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11460001 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11460001"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11460001, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11460001", }); 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Disease suppression, as mediated by biocontrol agents, is the consequence of the interactions between the plant, pathogens, and the microbial community. Antagonists belonging to the genus Trichoderma are among the most commonly isolated soil fungi. Due to their ability to protect plants and contain pathogen populations under different soil conditions, these fungi have been widely studied and commercially marketed as biopesticides, biofertilizers and soil amendments. Trichoderma spp. also produce numerous biologically active compounds, including cell wall degrading enzymes, and secondary metabolites. Studies of the three-way relationship established with Trichoderma, the plant and the pathogen are aimed at unravelling the mechanisms involved in partner recognition and the cross-talk used to maintain the beneficial association between the fungal antagonist and the plant. Several strategies have been used to identify the molecular factors involved in this complex tripartite interaction including genomics, proteomics and, more recently, metabolomics, in order to enhance our understanding. This review presents recent advances and findings regarding the biocontrol-resulting events that take place during the Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interaction. We focus our attention on the biological aspects of this topic, highlighting the novel findings concerning the role of Trichoderma in disease suppression. A better understanding of these factors is expected to enhance not only the rapid identification of effective strains and their applications but also indicate the potentials for improvement of natural strains of Trichoderma. r","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46695042,"asset_id":11460001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27902007,"first_name":"Roberta","last_name":"Marra","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"RobertaMarra","display_name":"Roberta Marra","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/RobertaMarra?f_ri=130447","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27902007/145964933/135502211/s65_roberta.marra.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":421,"name":"Soil Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Science?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":23515,"name":"Biological Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Control?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15171991" data-work_id="15171991" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15171991/Molecular_basis_of_plant_growth_promotion_and_biocontrol_by_rhizobacteria">Molecular basis of plant growth promotion and biocontrol by rhizobacteria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">AFM anti-fungal metabolite AHL N-acyl homoserine lactone DAPG 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol GFP green fluorescent protein IAA indole acetic acid ISR induced systemic resistance IVET in vivo expression technology PGPR plant-growth-promoting... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15171991" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" 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biocontrol by rhizobacteria","created_at":"2015-08-25T08:07:20.712-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15171991/Molecular_basis_of_plant_growth_promotion_and_biocontrol_by_rhizobacteria?f_ri=130447","dom_id":"work_15171991","summary":"AFM anti-fungal metabolite AHL N-acyl homoserine lactone DAPG 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol GFP green fluorescent protein IAA indole acetic acid ISR induced systemic resistance IVET in vivo expression technology PGPR plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium SAR systemic acquired resistance","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43502305,"asset_id":15171991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34221591,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"Lugtenberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BenLugtenberg","display_name":"Ben Lugtenberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BenLugtenberg?f_ri=130447","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":3216,"name":"Genomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomics?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=130447","nofollow":true},{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=130447"},{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=130447"},{"id":112324,"name":"Pseudomonas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas?f_ri=130447"},{"id":129135,"name":"Genetic modification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_modification?f_ri=130447"},{"id":130447,"name":"Biocontrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocontrol?f_ri=130447"},{"id":133873,"name":"Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants?f_ri=130447"},{"id":231547,"name":"Soil Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbiology?f_ri=130447"},{"id":231549,"name":"Rhizosphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizosphere?f_ri=130447"},{"id":280709,"name":"Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Growth_Promoting_Rhizobacteria?f_ri=130447"},{"id":439565,"name":"Fertilizers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertilizers?f_ri=130447"},{"id":515951,"name":"Rhizobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizobacteria?f_ri=130447"},{"id":630848,"name":"Plant 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