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<span>Prelude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Siege</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Action of the American Civil War</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Siege of Fort Macon</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_macon_NC_img_0328.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ground-level color photograph (dated 2003) showing a portion of a wall of a building in the fort and the facing wall of the trench surrounding it." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fort_macon_NC_img_0328.jpg/300px-Fort_macon_NC_img_0328.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fort_macon_NC_img_0328.jpg/450px-Fort_macon_NC_img_0328.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fort_macon_NC_img_0328.jpg/600px-Fort_macon_NC_img_0328.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="467" /></a></span><br />Fort Macon, NC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>March 23, 1862<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1862-03-23</span>)</span> – April 26, 1862<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1862-04-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Carteret_County,_North_Carolina" title="Carteret County, North Carolina">Carteret County, North Carolina</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">Union</a> victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">CSA (Confederacy)</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/John_G._Parke" class="mw-redirect" title="John G. Parke">John G. Parke</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Lockwood_(army_officer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Lockwood (army officer) (page does not exist)">Samuel Lockwood</a><sup id="cite_ref-cwsac_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cwsac-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moses_J._White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moses J. White (page does not exist)">Moses J. White</a><sup id="cite_ref-cwsac_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cwsac-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 3rd Division, Department of North Carolina <br /> <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Blockading_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Blockading Squadron">North Atlantic Blockading Squadron</a><sup id="cite_ref-cwsac_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cwsac-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Fort_Macon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Macon">Fort Macon</a> Garrison <sup id="cite_ref-cwsac_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cwsac-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 3,259 total<br /> 2,649 present for duty <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 450 total<br /> 263 ready for duty <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2 killed <br /> 5 wounded <br /> 8 captured <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 8 killed <br /> 16 wounded <br /> ~400 captured<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Burnside&#039;s_North_Carolina_Expedition" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Burnside%27s_North_Carolina_Expedition" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Burnside's North Carolina Expedition"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Burnside%27s_North_Carolina_Expedition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Burnside's North Carolina Expedition"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Burnside&#039;s_North_Carolina_Expedition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Burnside%27s_North_Carolina_Expedition" title="Burnside's North Carolina Expedition"><span class="wrap">Burnside's North Carolina Expedition</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roanoke_Island" title="Battle of Roanoke Island">Roanoke Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elizabeth_City" title="Battle of Elizabeth City">Elizabeth City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Bern_(1862)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of New Bern (1862)">New Bern</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fort Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Mills" title="Battle of South Mills">South Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tranter%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Tranter's Creek">Tranter's Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>siege of Fort Macon</b> took place from March 23 to April 26, 1862, on the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Banks" title="Outer Banks">Outer Banks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carteret_County,_North_Carolina" title="Carteret County, North Carolina">Carteret County, North Carolina</a>. It was part of <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Everett_Burnside" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Everett Burnside">Ambrose E. Burnside</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Burnside%27s_North_Carolina_Expedition" title="Burnside's North Carolina Expedition">North Carolina Expedition</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. </p><p>In late March, Major General Burnside’s army advanced on Fort Macon, a <a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">casemated</a> masonry fort that commanded the channel to <a href="/wiki/Beaufort,_North_Carolina" title="Beaufort, North Carolina">Beaufort</a>, 35 miles (56 km) southeast of <a href="/wiki/New_Bern,_North_Carolina" title="New Bern, North Carolina">New Bern</a>. The Union force invested the fort with siege works and on April 25 opened an accurate fire on the fort, soon breaching the masonry walls. Within a few hours the fort's <a href="/wiki/Counterscarp" title="Counterscarp">scarp</a> began to collapse, and in late afternoon the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> commander, Colonel Moses J. White, ordered the raising of a white flag. Burnside's terms of surrender were accepted, and the Federal troops took possession of the fort the next morning. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fort Macon was one of the <a href="/wiki/Third_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Third System">Third System</a> coastal forts that were built around the borders of the still-young United States following the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. It was built on the eastern end of Bogue Banks, in the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Banks" title="Outer Banks">Outer Banks</a> of North Carolina, and was intended to defend the entrance to the ports of <a href="/wiki/Beaufort,_North_Carolina" title="Beaufort, North Carolina">Beaufort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morehead_City,_North_Carolina" title="Morehead City, North Carolina">Morehead City</a>. Begun in 1826, it was completed and received its first garrison in 1834. As it was intended for defense against attacking enemy naval forces, it was built of masonry. Gunfire from a rolling ship's deck was not accurate enough at that time to be able to break down brick and stone walls. Although the advent of rifled artillery would soon make its walls vulnerable, no alterations were made in the fort. It was a generation out of date when the Civil War came.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the first spate of enthusiasm, the fort was allowed to deteriorate. The woodwork rotted, the ironwork rusted, and gun carriages were allowed to decay. The garrison was steadily reduced in size, until by the time of the beginning of the Civil War the care of the fort was entrusted to a single sergeant.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the fort was taken over by North Carolina troops under Captain Josiah Solomon Pender on April 14 (before the state had seceded from the Union), only four guns were mounted. The local military authorities immediately set about improving the armament. A total of 56 pieces (5 8-inch and 2 10-inch columbiads, 19 24-pounders, 32 32-pounders, and 6 field guns) were mounted, but they had ammunition for only three days of action.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of the siege, the garrison of the fort numbered about 430 officers and men, commanded by Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moses_J._White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moses J. White (page does not exist)">Moses J. White</a>. Sickness reduced this number by about a third. Despite the poor diet and other living conditions that they suffered, only one man died. Morale among the men was generally not good, as they were cut off from their families, and White was unpopular, both with his men and with the people of Beaufort. A few men deserted during the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When battle came, the fort was outdated, inadequately armed, poorly supplied, and intended for a different form of combat than that it faced. These deficiencies are adequate to explain why the fort succumbed so readily at the first blow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FortMacon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bogue Banks is a long, narrow island extending from the left edge to past the middle of the chart. Fort Macon is at its eastern end. About two miles to the southeast is the western end of Shackleford Banks, which extends to the east southeast about seven miles. It is separated by a narrow inlet from Core Banks, which extends off the chart to the northeast. Behind these banks are the sounds, ranging in width from one to five miles. Carolina City, Morehead City, and Beaufort are sited on the sounds, all within 10 miles of Fort Macon. The Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad begins in Morehead City and runs off the map to the northwest." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/FortMacon.jpg/305px-FortMacon.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/FortMacon.jpg/458px-FortMacon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/FortMacon.jpg/610px-FortMacon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2339" data-file-height="1753" /></a><figcaption>Coastal North Carolina in the vicinity of Fort Macon, showing how it dominated the seaward approaches to Morehead City and Beaufort.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shortly after the Union forces had taken possession of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hatteras_Inlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Hatteras Inlet">Hatteras Island</a> on the Outer Banks, Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_E._Burnside" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose E. Burnside">Ambrose E. Burnside</a> developed a plan to expand Federal control of eastern North Carolina by a joint Army-Navy expedition. His plan was approved by General-in-Chief <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> and the War Department. He was given authority to recruit and organize a division, to be known as the Coast Division, which would work with the Navy's <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Blockading_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Blockading Squadron">North Atlantic Blockading Squadron</a> to take control of the North Carolina Sounds and their adjacent cities. The expedition that came to be known by his name got under way in January 1862, and in early February had made its first conquest, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roanoke_Island" title="Battle of Roanoke Island">Roanoke Island</a>. Following that, the joint forces went on to other victories at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elizabeth_City" title="Battle of Elizabeth City">Elizabeth City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Bern_(1862)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of New Bern (1862)">Battle of New Bern</a> (often spelled New Berne at the time). Most of the Confederate Army were forced away from the coast as far inland as <a href="/wiki/Kinston,_North_Carolina" title="Kinston, North Carolina">Kinston</a> by these battles. The major exception was the garrison of Fort Macon.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>So long as Fort Macon remained in Confederate possession, Burnside (recently promoted to rank of major general) could not use the ports at Beaufort and Morehead City, so immediately following the capture of New Bern on March 14, he ordered Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/John_G._Parke" class="mw-redirect" title="John G. Parke">John G. Parke</a>, commander of his Third Brigade, to reduce the fort. Parke began by seizing the towns along the inner shore: Carolina City on March 21, Morehead City on March 22, Newport on March 23, and finally Beaufort on March 25. Communications between the garrison and other Confederate forces were thereby severed.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parke also had to repair a railroad bridge at Newport, burned by the retreating Confederates following the loss of New Bern; the railroad was needed for the transport of his siege artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siege">Siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Siege"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Macon_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Fort_Macon_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg/305px-Fort_Macon_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Fort_Macon_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg/458px-Fort_Macon_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Fort_Macon_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg/610px-Fort_Macon_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1870" data-file-height="1430" /></a><figcaption>Map of Fort Macon Battlefield core and study areas by the <a href="/wiki/American_Battlefield_Protection_Program" title="American Battlefield Protection Program">American Battlefield Protection Program</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On March 23, General Parke sent a message from his headquarters at Carolina City to Colonel White, demanding the surrender of the fort. He offered to release the men on parole if the fort was turned over intact. White replied tersely, "I have the honor to decline evacuating Fort Macon."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The siege can be regarded as starting with this exchange. </p><p>The investment of the fort was not yet complete, but that was accomplished on March 29, when a company from Parke's brigade crossed the sound and landed unopposed on Bogue Banks. The Confederate infantry that would have defended against the landing, the 26th North Carolina, had been included in the retreat following the Battle of New Bern.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Federal siege artillery followed, and Parke set up four batteries that would bear on the fort: four 8-inch (20.3 cm) mortars at a range of 1200 yards (1100 meters); four 10-inch (25.4 cm) mortars at a range of 1600 yards (1460 meters); three 30-pounder (13.6 kg) rifled Parrotts at a range of 1300 yards (1190 meters); and a 12-pounder (5.4 kg) boat howitzer at a range of 1200 yards (1100 meters).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The batteries were moved up at night and remained hidden behind sand dunes until they were ready to open fire. The defenders were aware of these activities, but could not waste ammunition by firing at unseen targets. Patrols sent out from the fort to harass the Union soldiers were driven back, usually without loss. On April 17, General Burnside could state in his report to the War Department, "I hope to reduce the fort within ten days."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His prediction proved to be remarkably accurate. </p><p>Preparations were completed by April 23, and on that day General Burnside communicated directly with Colonel White and repeated his demand for surrender, again offering to release the prisoners on parole.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colonel White once more refused, so Burnside on April 24 ordered General Parke to begin the bombardment as soon as possible. Parke waited until nightfall to open the embrasures for his guns behind the dunes. The bombardment began at dawn on April 25. At first, the gunners in the fort manned their pieces and replied vigorously, but they were unable to inflict damage on the Federal guns protected by the dunes.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The defenders were also distracted by the appearance of four vessels from the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Blockading_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Blockading Squadron">Blockading Squadron</a>: the steamers <a href="/wiki/USS_Daylight" title="USS Daylight">USS <i>Daylight</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_State_of_Georgia" title="USS State of Georgia"><i>State of Georgia</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/USS_Chippewa_(1861)" title="USS Chippewa (1861)"><i>Chippewa</i></a>, and the bark <a href="/wiki/USS_Gemsbok_(1861)" title="USS Gemsbok (1861)"><i>Gemsbok</i></a>. Until this time, the Navy had not been involved with the siege, but Commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Lockwood_(army_officer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Lockwood (army officer) (page does not exist)">Samuel Lockwood</a> responded to the sound of gunfire and brought his section of the fleet into action. The weather was not good for a naval bombardment, however; a strong wind created waves that caused the vessels to rock badly enough to disrupt their aim, and after about an hour, the fleet withdrew. The Navy also supplied a pair of floating batteries to the attack, but again the waves interfered, and only one of them got into action. It is not certain whether the fort sustained any hits from the ships. The Confederate return fire was accurate enough to hit two vessels, doing little damage and slightly wounding only one man.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The initial fire from the mortars on shore was inaccurate, but a Signal Corps officer in Beaufort, Lieutenant <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_J._Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William J. Andrews (page does not exist)">William J. Andrews</a>, acting on his own responsibility, was able to deliver messages to the battery commanders telling them how to adjust their range. After noon, virtually all shots were on target.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nineteen guns were dismounted.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The walls of the fort began to crumble under the continued pounding, and in mid-afternoon Colonel White began to fear that the magazine would be breached. At 4:30 p.m., he decided that the fort could no longer hold out, so he ordered that a white flag be raised. Firing on both sides then ceased.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colonel White met with General Parke to discuss terms, and Parke at first demanded unconditional surrender. White asked him for more favorable conditions, and referred to the terms that General Burnside had offered on March 23. Parke did not concede, but agreed not to renew the bombardment until he could consult with Burnside. Burnside reasoned that White could hold out at least one more day, and further action would only cause more casualties and greater damage to the fort. He therefore agreed to adhere to his first terms. The men in the fort were allowed to give their paroles, meaning that they would not take up arms against the United States until properly exchanged. They then were permitted to return to their homes, taking with them their personal property. Shortly after dawn on April 26, the Confederate flag was lowered, the defenders marched out, and Union soldiers of the 5th Rhode Island marched in.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Macon_after_capture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fort_Macon_after_capture.jpg/305px-Fort_Macon_after_capture.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fort_Macon_after_capture.jpg/458px-Fort_Macon_after_capture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fort_Macon_after_capture.jpg/610px-Fort_Macon_after_capture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1583" data-file-height="1444" /></a><figcaption>Fort Macon after the battle</figcaption></figure> <p>The battle had been relatively bloodless, at least by standards that soon would be common in the Civil War. On the Union side, only one man was killed, and two soldiers and one seaman were wounded. On the Confederate side, seven were killed outright, two died of wounds, and sixteen were wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Burnside Expedition had gained notable success at little cost in North Carolina, little was done to exploit it. Wilmington, for example, would seem to have been vulnerable, but it was not attacked until the final days of the war. Burnside was recalled shortly after the victory at Fort Macon, to assist General <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsula Campaign">Peninsula Campaign</a> in Virginia. No further major offensive actions took place, and North Carolina became a secondary theater until late in the war. The flag was returned to the State of North Carolina in 1906, in a Senate Chamber ceremony attended by veterans of the siege. The battle site is now <a href="/wiki/Fort_Macon_State_Park" title="Fort Macon State Park">Fort Macon State Park</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortification</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abbreviations used in these notes: </p> <dl><dd>ORA (Official records, armies): <i>War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate Armies.</i></dd> <dd>ORN (Official records, navies): <i>Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion.</i></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cwsac-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cwsac_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cwsac_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cwsac_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cwsac_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/CWSII/NorthCarolinaBattlefieldProfiles/Albemarle%20Sound%20to%20Kinston.pdf">CWSAC Report Update</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, v. 9, p. 381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trotter, <i>Ironclads and columbiads,</i> p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, v. 9, pp. 272, 281, 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, v. 9, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trotter, <i>Ironclads and columbiads,</i> pp. 133–134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trotter, <i>Ironclads and columbiads,</i> p. 134. Browning, <i>From Cape Charles to Cape Fear,</i> p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trotter, <i>Ironclads and columbiads,</i> pp. 10, 135–136. Browning, <i>From Cape Charles to Cape Fear,</i> p. 35, says that only 43 guns were mounted. Burnside says in his report that 54 were taken. ORA I, vol. 9, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, vol. 9, p. 293. Trotter, <i>Ironclads and columbiads,</i> p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burnside, <i>Battles and leaders,</i> vol. 1, pp. 660–669.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hawkins, <i>Battles and leaders,</i> vol. 1, pp. 652–653.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, vol. 9, p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, v. 9, pp. 277, 278. Trotter, <i>Ironclads and columbiads,</i> p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trotter, <i>Ironclads and columbiads,</i> p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, vol. 9, p. 273,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, vol. 9, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, vol. 9, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, v. 9, pp. 273–274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORN I, vol. 7, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, vol. 9, pp. 291–292. Trotter, <i>Ironclads and columbiads,</i> p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, v. 9, pp. 288, 290. White in his report says that 15 were disabled, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trotter, <i>Ironclads and columbiads</i>, pp. 144–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ORA I, vol. 9, p. 275. Hawkins, <i>Battles and leaders</i>, vol. 1, p. 654.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trotter, <i>Ironclads and columbiads,</i> p. 145.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Browning, Robert M. Jr., <i>From Cape Charles to Cape Fear: the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron during the Civil War.</i> Univ. of Alabama, 1993. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8173-5019-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8173-5019-5">0-8173-5019-5</a></li> <li>Campbell, R. Thomas, <i>Storm over Carolina: the Confederate Navy's struggle for eastern North Carolina.</i> Cumberland House, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58182-486-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58182-486-6">1-58182-486-6</a></li> <li>Johnson, Robert Underwood, and Clarence Clough Buel, <i>Battles and leaders of the Civil War.</i> Century, 1887, 1888; reprint ed., Castle, n.d.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Burnside, Ambrose E., "The Burnside Expedition," pp. 660–669.</dd> <dd>Hawkins, Rush C., "Early coast operations in North Carolina," pp. 652–654.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Silkenat, David. <i>Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War</i>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-4972-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-4972-6">978-1-4696-4972-6</a>.</li> <li>Trotter, William R., <i>Ironclads and columbiads: the coast.</i> Joseph F. Blair, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89587-088-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89587-088-6">0-89587-088-6</a></li> <li><i>Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion.</i> Series I: 27 volumes. Series II: 3 volumes. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1894–1922.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Ser. I, vol. 7, pp.277–283.</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>A Compilation of the <a href="/wiki/Official_Records_of_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Records of the American Civil War">Official Records</a> of the Union and Confederate Armies.</i> Series I: 53 volumes. Series II: 8 volumes. Series III: 5 volumes. Series IV: 4 volumes. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1886–1901.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/sources/records/list.cfm"><i>The War of the Rebellion</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Ser. I, vol. 9, pp. 270–294.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/nc004.htm">National Park Service Battle Summary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/CWSII/NorthCarolinaBattlefieldProfiles/Albemarle%20Sound%20to%20Kinston.pdf">CWSAC Report Update</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99061556/1906-03-06/ed-1/seq-8/"><i>The farmer and mechanic.(Raleigh, N.C.), 06 March 1906</i></a>. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.Retrieved 2016-07-20.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?data=/home/www/data/gmd/gmd390/g3904/g3904b/cw0308000.jp2&style=cwmap&itemLink=D?gmd:1:./temp/~ammem_3Dge::&title=Beaufort%20harbor,%20North%20Carolina.%20Re-survey%20in%20June%20and%20July%201862.%20Corrected%20up%20to%20April%2020th%201864%20Chas.%20G.%20Krebs,%20lith.">Beaufort Harbor, 1862</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncparks.gov/Visit/parks/foma/main.php">Fort Macon State Park Home Page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100130144133/http://www.ncparks.gov/Visit/parks/foma/main.php">Archived</a> 2010-01-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civil-war-journeys.org/fort_macon_nc.htm">Battle of Fort Macon - Civil-War-Journeys.org</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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the American Civil War">North Carolina in the American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1861</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hatteras_Inlet_Batteries" title="Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries">Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1862</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roanoke_Island" title="Battle of Roanoke Island">Battle of Roanoke Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elizabeth_City" title="Battle of Elizabeth City">Battle of Elizabeth City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Bern_(1862)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of New Bern (1862)">Battle of New Bern</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siege of Fort Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Mills" title="Battle of South Mills">Battle of South Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tranter%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Tranter's Creek">Battle of Tranter's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kinston" title="Battle of Kinston">Battle of Kinston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Hall" title="Battle of White Hall">Battle of White Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goldsborough_Bridge" title="Battle of Goldsborough Bridge">Battle of Goldsborough Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1863</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Anderson" title="Battle of Fort Anderson">Battle of Fort Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Washington" title="Battle of Washington">Battle of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Suffolk" title="Siege of Suffolk">Siege of Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelton_Laurel_massacre" title="Shelton Laurel massacre">Shelton Laurel massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1864</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Bern_(1864)" title="Battle of New Bern (1864)">Battle of New Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plymouth_(1864)" title="Battle of Plymouth (1864)">Battle of Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albemarle_Sound" title="Battle of Albemarle Sound">Battle of Albemarle Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Albemarle#Sinking" title="CSS Albemarle">Sinking of CSS <i>Albemarle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Plymouth" title="Capture of Plymouth">Capture of Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Bluff_Expedition" title="Rainbow Bluff Expedition">Rainbow Bluff Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fort_Fisher" title="First Battle of Fort Fisher">First Battle of Fort Fisher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1865</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fort_Fisher" title="Second Battle of Fort Fisher">Second Battle of Fort Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilmington" title="Battle of Wilmington">Battle of Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wyse_Fork" title="Battle of Wyse Fork">Battle of Wyse Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monroe%27s_Crossroads" title="Battle of Monroe's Crossroads">Battle of Monroe's Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Averasborough" title="Battle of Averasborough">Battle of Averasborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bentonville" title="Battle of Bentonville">Battle of Bentonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morrisville" title="Battle of Morrisville">Battle of Morrisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_Place" title="Bennett Place">Bennett Place</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Carolina_Confederate_Civil_War_units" title="List of North Carolina Confederate Civil War units">Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Carolina_Union_Civil_War_regiments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of North Carolina Union Civil War regiments">Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmington, North Carolina in the American Civil War">Wilmington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Category:North Carolina in the American Civil War">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:North Carolina in the American Civil War"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&params=34_41_46_N_76_40_44_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°41′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°40′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.69611°N 76.67889°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.69611; -76.67889</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2888543#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2888543#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2888543#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1910464/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fort Macon (N.C.)--Siege, 1862"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh95002198">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007539526305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&oldid=1247934021">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Fort_Macon&oldid=1247934021</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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