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Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9" title="هجوم الربيع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هجوم الربيع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3" title="বসন্ত আক্রমণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বসন্ত আক্রমণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_(1918)" title="Вясновае наступленне (1918) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вясновае наступленне (1918)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Пролетно настъпление – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пролетно настъпление" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argadenn_an_Nevezha%C3%B1v" title="Argadenn an Nevezhañv – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Argadenn an Nevezhañv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_de_primavera" title="Ofensiva de primavera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ofensiva de primavera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludendorffova_ofenz%C3%ADva" title="Ludendorffova ofenzíva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ludendorffova ofenzíva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_tyske_for%C3%A5rsoffensiv_1918" title="Den tyske forårsoffensiv 1918 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den tyske forårsoffensiv 1918" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Fr%C3%BChjahrsoffensive_1918" title="Deutsche Frühjahrsoffensive 1918 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutsche Frühjahrsoffensive 1918" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="German spring offensive" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiserschlacht" title="Kaiserschlacht – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kaiserschlacht" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udaberriko_Ofentsiba" title="Udaberriko Ofentsiba – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Udaberriko Ofentsiba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آفند بهاره آلمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آفند بهاره آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensive_du_Printemps" title="Offensive du Printemps – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Offensive du Printemps" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionsa%C3%AD_an_Earraigh,_1918" title="Ionsaí an Earraigh, 1918 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ionsaí an Earraigh, 1918" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%98%EA%B3%84_%EA%B3%B5%EC%84%B8" title="춘계 공세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="춘계 공세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka_proljetna_ofenziva_1918." title="Njemačka proljetna ofenziva 1918. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemačka proljetna ofenziva 1918." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_Musim_Semi" title="Serangan Musim Semi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serangan Musim Semi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensiva_di_primavera" title="Offensiva di primavera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Offensiva di primavera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91" title="מתקפת האביב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתקפת האביב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavasara_ofens%C4%ABva_(1918)" title="Pavasara ofensīva (1918) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pavasara ofensīva (1918)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavaszi_offenz%C3%ADva_(els%C5%91_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BA)" title="Tavaszi offenzíva (első világháború) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tavaszi offenzíva (első világháború)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0_(1918)" title="Пролетна офанзива (1918) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пролетна офанзива (1918)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenteoffensief" title="Lenteoffensief – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lenteoffensief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918%E5%B9%B4%E6%98%A5%E5%AD%A3%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="1918年春季攻勢 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1918年春季攻勢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5roffensiven" title="Våroffensiven – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Våroffensiven" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiserschlacht" title="Kaiserschlacht – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaiserschlacht" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_da_Primavera" title="Ofensiva da Primavera – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ofensiva da Primavera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(1918)" title="Весеннее наступление (1918) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Весеннее наступление (1918)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Пролећна офанзива – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пролећна офанзива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiserschlacht" title="Kaiserschlacht – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kaiserschlacht" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kev%C3%A4toffensiivi_(ensimm%C3%A4inen_maailmansota)" title="Kevätoffensiivi (ensimmäinen maailmansota) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kevätoffensiivi (ensimmäinen maailmansota)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5roffensiven" title="Våroffensiven – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Våroffensiven" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4" title="การรุกฤดูใบไม้ผลิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การรุกฤดูใบไม้ผลิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahar_Taarruzu" title="Bahar Taarruzu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bahar Taarruzu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF_(1918)" title="Весняний наступ (1918) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Весняний наступ (1918)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_t%E1%BA%A5n_c%C3%B4ng_M%C3%B9a_xu%C3%A2n_1918" title="Tổng tấn công Mùa xuân 1918 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổng tấn công Mùa xuân 1918" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%BB%8D%E6%98%A5%E5%AD%A3%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="德軍春季攻勢 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德軍春季攻勢" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q750567#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7427050">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">German Spring Offensive, 1918</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_front_1918_german.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Western_front_1918_german.jpg/220px-Western_front_1918_german.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Western_front_1918_german.jpg/330px-Western_front_1918_german.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Western_front_1918_german.jpg/440px-Western_front_1918_german.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="961" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>21 March – 18 July 1918</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Northern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>; <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td> Tactical German success<br />Operational/Strategic German failure</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland"><img alt="Dominion of Newfoundland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Dominion_of_Newfoundland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /> </p> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff" title="Erich Ludendorff">Erich Ludendorff</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Foch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Foch (not yet started)">Ferdinand Foch</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig" title="Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig">Douglas Haig</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Petain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Petain (not yet started)">Philippe Petain</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pershing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pershing (not yet started)">John Pershing</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamagnini_de_Abreu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamagnini de Abreu (not yet started)">Tamagnini de Abreu</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 688,341<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 418,374 British<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />433,000 French<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Total: 851,374</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_Front" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I) (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_Front" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1914</b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">Invasion of Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Li%C3%A8ge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Liège (not yet started)">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dinant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dinant (not yet started)">Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Namur (1914) (not yet started)">Namur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Frontiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Frontiers (not yet started)">Frontiers</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Lorraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Lorraine (not yet started)">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Ardennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Ardennes (not yet started)">Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Charleroi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Charleroi (not yet started)">Charleroi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mons (not yet started)">Mons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Retreat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Retreat (not yet started)">Great Retreat</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Le_Cateau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Le Cateau (not yet started)">Le Cateau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rearguard_Affair_of_%C3%89treux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rearguard Affair of Étreux (not yet started)">Étreux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1914)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1914) (not yet started)">1st St. Quentin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Maubeuge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Maubeuge (not yet started)">Maubeuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">1st Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_the_Aisne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Battle of the Aisne (not yet started)">1st Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914) (not yet started)">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_to_the_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Race to the Sea (not yet started)">Race to the Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Yser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Yser (not yet started)">Yser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">1st Ypres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winter_operations_1914%E2%80%931915&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winter operations 1914–1915 (not yet started)">Winter actions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Artois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Battle of Artois (not yet started)">1st Artois</a></li></ul> <p><b>1915</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Champagne" title="First Battle of Champagne">1st Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hartmannswillerkopf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf (not yet started)">Hartmannswillerkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Neuve_Chapelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Neuve Chapelle (not yet started)">Neuve Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">2nd Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Artois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Battle of Artois (not yet started)">2nd Artois</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_H%C3%A9buterne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Hébuterne (not yet started)">Hébuterne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Champagne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Battle of Champagne (not yet started)">2nd Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Loos (not yet started)">Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Battle_of_Artois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Battle of Artois (not yet started)">3rd Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_phosgene_attack_(19_December_1915)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German phosgene attack (19 December 1915) (not yet started)">Wieltje</a></li></ul> <p><b>1916</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Actions_of_the_Bluff,_1916&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actions of the Bluff, 1916 (not yet started)">The Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenzollern_Redoubt_action,_2%E2%80%9318_March_1916&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hohenzollern Redoubt action, 2–18 March 1916 (not yet started)">Hohenzollern Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Actions_of_St_Eloi_Craters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actions of St Eloi Craters (not yet started)">St Eloi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_attacks_at_Hulluch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas attacks at Hulluch (not yet started)">Hulluch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_attacks_at_Wulverghem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas attacks at Wulverghem (not yet started)">Wulverghem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loss of the Kink Salient (not yet started)">Kink Salient</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_attack_on_Vimy_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German attack on Vimy Ridge (not yet started)">Vimy Ridge 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mont_Sorrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mont Sorrel (not yet started)">Mont Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Boar%27s_Head&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Boar's Head (not yet started)">Boar's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">1st Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attack_at_Fromelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attack at Fromelles (not yet started)">Fromelles</a></li></ul> <p><b>1917</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operations_on_the_Ancre,_January%E2%80%93March_1917&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917 (not yet started)">Ancre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Alberich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Alberich (not yet started)"><i>Alberich</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelle_offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nivelle offensive (not yet started)">Nivelle offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge" title="Battle of Vimy Ridge">Vimy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Second Battle of the Aisne">2nd Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Hills (not yet started)">3rd Champagne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Messines_(1917)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Messines (1917) (not yet started)">Messines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">3rd Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_La_Malmaison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of La Malmaison (not yet started)">La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917) (not yet started)">Cambrai</a></li></ul> <p><b>1918</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_spring_offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German spring offensive (not yet started)">German spring offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Michael&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Michael (not yet started)"><i>Michael</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Lys_(1918)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Lys (1918) (not yet started)">4th Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Battle_of_the_Aisne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Battle of the Aisne (not yet started)">3rd Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Belleau_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Belleau Wood (not yet started)">Belleau Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_the_Marne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Battle of the Marne (not yet started)">2nd Marne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)" title="Battle of Amiens (1918)">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_the_Somme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Battle of the Somme (not yet started)">2nd Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saint-Mihiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Saint-Mihiel (not yet started)">Saint-Mihiel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_St_Quentin_Canal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of St Quentin Canal (not yet started)">St Quentin Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meuse–Argonne Offensive (not yet started)">Meuse-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifth_Battle_of_Ypres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fifth Battle of Ypres (not yet started)">5th Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cambrai_(1918)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Cambrai (1918) (not yet started)">2nd Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Courtrai_(1918)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Courtrai (1918) (not yet started)">Courtrai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Sambre_(1918)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Sambre (1918) (not yet started)">Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Lys_and_the_Escaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Lys and the Escaut (not yet started)">Lys and Escaut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Associated articles</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">1914 Christmas truce</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The 1918 <b>Spring Offensive</b> or <b>Kaiserschlacht</b> (<i>Kaiser's Battle</i>), also known as the <b>Ludendorff Offensive</b>, was a series of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> attacks along the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, which marked the deepest advances by either side since 1914. The German authorities had realised that their only remaining chance of victory was to defeat the Allies before the overwhelming human and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mat%C3%A9riel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matériel (not yet started)">matériel</a> resources of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> could be deployed. They also had the advantage of nearly 50 <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a> freed by the Russian surrender (<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a>). </p><p>The first and most important part was called Operation Michael. It used new <a href="/wiki/Infiltration_tactics" title="Infiltration tactics">infiltration tactics</a>. After the offensive, not enough German soldiers were still alive to win the war anymore. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spring_Offensive&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spring_Offensive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, "The World Crisis, Vol. 2". German casualties from "Reichsarchiv 1918"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, "The World Crisis, Vol. 2". British casualties from "Military Effort of the British Empire"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, "The World Crisis, Vol. 2". French casualties from "Official Returns to the Chamber, March 29, 1922"</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671876">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kaiserschlacht" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kaiserschlacht"><span style="">Kaiserschlacht</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Icon_vojn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Icon_vojn.svg/30px-Icon_vojn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Icon_vojn.svg/45px-Icon_vojn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Icon_vojn.svg/60px-Icon_vojn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="126" data-file-height="133" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> about the <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_stubs" title="Category:Military stubs">military</a> can be made longer. 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