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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_National_Guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Air National Guard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_National_Guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_careers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_careers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later careers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_careers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later careers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_careers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_Football_League" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Football_League"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>American Football League</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Football_League-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Television career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Rifle_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Rifle_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>National Rifle Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Rifle_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Philanthropy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Joe_Foss_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Joe_Foss_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>The Joe Foss Institute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Joe_Foss_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_honors_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_honors_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Other honors and recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_honors_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerial_victories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerial_victories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Aerial victories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerial_victories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Military awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military_awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Military awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Military_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medal_of_Honor_citation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medal_of_Honor_citation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Medal of Honor citation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medal_of_Honor_citation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Joe Foss</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Foss" title="Joe Foss – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Joe Foss" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Foss" title="Joe Foss – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joe Foss" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Foss" title="Joe Foss – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joe Foss" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Foss" title="Joe Foss – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Joe Foss" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1" title="ג'ו פוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ו פוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3" title="چو فوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چو فوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Foss" title="Joe Foss – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Joe Foss" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Foss" title="Joe Foss – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joe Foss" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Foss" title="Joe Foss – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Joe Foss" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3" title="جو فوس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipient and American politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Joe Foss</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Foss_DM-SD-03-09574.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Joe_Foss_DM-SD-03-09574.JPG/220px-Joe_Foss_DM-SD-03-09574.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Joe_Foss_DM-SD-03-09574.JPG/330px-Joe_Foss_DM-SD-03-09574.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Joe_Foss_DM-SD-03-09574.JPG/440px-Joe_Foss_DM-SD-03-09574.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Captain Joe Foss, U.S. Marine Corps</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Rifle_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the National Rifle Association">President of the National Rifle Association</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1988–1990</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">James E. Reinke</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Richard D. Riley</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">20th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Dakota" title="Governor of South Dakota">Governor of South Dakota</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 6, 1955 – January 6, 1959</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_South_Dakota" title="Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota">Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/L._Roy_Houck" title="L. Roy Houck">L. Roy Houck</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Anderson" title="Sigurd Anderson">Sigurd Anderson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Herseth" title="Ralph Herseth">Ralph Herseth</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Joseph Jacob Foss</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-04-17</span>)</span>April 17, 1915<br /><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls, South Dakota</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 1, 2003<span style="display:none">(2003-01-01)</span> (aged 87)<br /><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">June Shakstad</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1942; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1967)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Donna Wild Hall</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1967)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a> Commissioner<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rifle Association of America">NRA</a> President<br />Television broadcaster<br />Author<br />Entrepreneur<br />Spokesperson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"Smokey Joe", "Old Joe", "Old Foos",<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_p._115_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_p._115-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Ace of Aces"</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_National_Guard" title="South Dakota National Guard">South Dakota National Guard</a> (1939–1940)<br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> (1940–1946)<br /><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Air_National_Guard" title="South Dakota Air National Guard">South Dakota Air National Guard</a> (1946–1955)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1939–1955</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> (USMC)<br /><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a> (ANG)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/VMFA(AW)-121" class="mw-redirect" title="VMFA(AW)-121">VMF-121</a><br /><a href="/wiki/VMFA(AW)-115" class="mw-redirect" title="VMFA(AW)-115">VMF-115</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalcanal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Guadalcanal">Battle of Guadalcanal</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Air_Medal" title="Air Medal">Air Medal</a> (3)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Joseph Jacob Foss</b> (April 17, 1915 – January 1, 2003) was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">major</a> and a leading Marine <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">fighter ace</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. He received the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> in recognition of his role in air combat during the <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a>. In postwar years, he was an <a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">brigadier general</a>, served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_South_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of South Dakota">20th Governor of South Dakota</a> (1955–1959), president of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rifle Association of America">National Rifle Association of America</a> (NRA) and the first commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a>. He also was a <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_presenter" title="Television presenter">broadcaster</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foss was born in an unelectrified farmhouse near <a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls, South Dakota</a>, the oldest son of Mary Esther (née Lacey) and Frank Ole Foss. He was of Norwegian and Scottish descent.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At age 12, he visited an airfield in <a href="/wiki/Renner,_South_Dakota" title="Renner, South Dakota">Renner</a> to see <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> on tour with his aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_St._Louis" title="Spirit of St. Louis">Spirit of St. Louis</a>. Four years later, he and his father paid $1.50 apiece to take their first aircraft ride in a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Trimotor" title="Ford Trimotor">Ford Trimotor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Black_Hills_Airport" title="Black Hills Airport">Black Hills Airport</a> with a famed South Dakota aviator, <a href="/wiki/Black_Hills_Airport" title="Black Hills Airport">Clyde Ice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SDPB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDPB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1933, while coming back from the fields during a storm, his father was killed when he drove over a downed electrical cable and was electrocuted as he stepped out of his automobile.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young Foss, not yet 18 years old, pitched in with his mother and brother Cliff to continue running the family farm.<sup id="cite_ref-Sims_p._32_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sims_p._32-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farming was made difficult by dust storms, which over the next two years took its toll on crops and livestock.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After watching a Marine Corps aerial team, led by Capt. Clayton Jerome, perform aerobatics in open-cockpit biplanes, he was determined to become a Marine aviator.<sup id="cite_ref-Legend_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legend-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foss worked at a service station to pay for books and college tuition, and to begin flight lessons from Roy Lanning, at the Sioux Skyway Airfield in 1938, scraping up $65 to pay for the instruction. His younger brother took over the management of the farm and allowed Foss to go back to school and graduate from <a href="/wiki/Washington_High_School_(Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota)" title="Washington High School (Sioux Falls, South Dakota)">Washington High School</a> in Sioux Falls. He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Dakota" title="University of South Dakota">University of South Dakota</a> in 1939 with a degree in business administration.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While at USD, Foss and other like-minded students convinced authorities to set up a <a href="/wiki/Civil_Aeronautics_Board" title="Civil Aeronautics Board">CAA</a> flying course at the university; he built up 100 flight hours by graduation.<sup id="cite_ref-Sims_p._32_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sims_p._32-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foss paid his way through university by "bussing" tables. He joined the Sigma chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Epsilon" title="Sigma Alpha Epsilon">Sigma Alpha Epsilon</a> fraternity and excelled at sports in USD, fighting on the college boxing team, participating as a member of the track team and as a second-string guard on the football team.<sup id="cite_ref-Sims_p._32_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sims_p._32-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foss served as a Private in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=147th_Field_Artillery_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="147th Field Artillery Regiment (page does not exist)">147th Field Artillery Regiment</a>, Sioux Falls, South Dakota National Guard from 1939 to 1940. By 1940, armed with a pilot certificate and a college degree, Foss hitchhiked to Minneapolis to enlist in the Marine Corps Reserves, in order to join the Naval Aviation Cadet program to become a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Naval Aviator">Naval Aviator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sims_p._32_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sims_p._32-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foss_JJ_USMC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Foss_JJ_USMC.jpg/200px-Foss_JJ_USMC.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Foss_JJ_USMC.jpg/300px-Foss_JJ_USMC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Foss_JJ_USMC.jpg/400px-Foss_JJ_USMC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="1977" /></a><figcaption>Foss during World War II</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effort_to_become_a_fighter_pilot">Effort to become a fighter pilot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Effort to become a fighter pilot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foss was accepted by the Marine Corps for flight school and commissioning. After graduation from flight school at NAS <a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola, Florida</a> he was designated a Naval Aviator and was commissioned as a <a href="/wiki/Second_Lieutenant#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">second lieutenant</a>, in the Marine Corps. He was then assigned as a "plowback" instructor at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola" title="Naval Air Station Pensacola">Pensacola</a> teaching navy, Marine, and coast guard students to be Naval Aviators. At 27 years of age, he was considered too old to be a fighter pilot, and was instead sent to the Navy School of Photography. Upon completion of his initial assignment, he was transferred to <a href="/wiki/VMSB-151" class="mw-redirect" title="VMSB-151">Marine Photographic Squadron 1</a> (VMO-1) stationed at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_North_Island" title="Naval Air Station North Island">Naval Air Station North Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, California. Dissatisfied with his role in photographic reconnaissance, Foss made repeated requests to be transferred to a fighter qualification program. He checked out in <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">Grumman F4F Wildcats</a> while still assigned to VMO-1, logging over 150 flight hours in June and July, 1942, and was eventually transferred to Marine Fighting Squadron 121 <a href="/wiki/VMF-121" class="mw-redirect" title="VMF-121">VMF-121</a> as the executive officer.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While stateside, Foss married his high school sweetheart, June Shakstad in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer_p._40_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer_p._40-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HendersonMarineWildcatWatercolor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/HendersonMarineWildcatWatercolor.jpg/220px-HendersonMarineWildcatWatercolor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/HendersonMarineWildcatWatercolor.jpg/330px-HendersonMarineWildcatWatercolor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/HendersonMarineWildcatWatercolor.jpg/440px-HendersonMarineWildcatWatercolor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>Watercolor of U.S. Marine Captain Joe Foss shooting down a Zero over Guadalcanal in October 1942</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guadalcanal_Flying_Ace">Guadalcanal Flying Ace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Guadalcanal Flying Ace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1942, VMF-121 pilots and aircraft were sent to Guadalcanal as part of <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Operation Watchtower</a> to relieve <a href="/wiki/VMA-223" title="VMA-223">VMF-223</a>, which had been fighting for control of the air over the island since mid-August.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 9, Foss and his group were catapult launched off the <a href="/wiki/USS_Copahee" title="USS Copahee">USS <i>Copahee</i></a> escort carrier and flew 350 miles (560 km) north to reach Guadalcanal.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The air group, code named "Cactus", based at <a href="/wiki/Honiara_International_Airport" title="Honiara International Airport">Henderson Field</a> became known as the <a href="/wiki/Cactus_Air_Force" title="Cactus Air Force">Cactus Air Force</a>, and their presence played a pivotal role in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalcanal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Guadalcanal">Battle of Guadalcanal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_p._xi_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_p._xi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foss soon gained a reputation for aggressive close-in fighter tactics and uncanny gunnery skills.<sup id="cite_ref-Loomis_p._94_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loomis_p._94-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foss shot down a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Zero" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Zero">Zero</a> on his first combat mission on October 13, but his own F4F Wildcat was shot up as well, and with a dead engine and three more Zeros on his tail, he landed at full speed, with no flaps and minimal control on Henderson Field, barely missing a grove of palm trees.<sup id="cite_ref-Tillman_p._30_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tillman_p._30-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 November his Wildcat was again hit, and he survived a ditching in the sea off the island of <a href="/wiki/Malaita" title="Malaita">Malaita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeigerFoss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/GeigerFoss.jpg/220px-GeigerFoss.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/GeigerFoss.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="219" /></a><figcaption>Foss stands with Cactus Air Force commander MajGen <a href="/wiki/Roy_Geiger" title="Roy Geiger">Roy Geiger</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VMF-115_WWII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/VMF-115_WWII.jpg/200px-VMF-115_WWII.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/VMF-115_WWII.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption>An alternate logo used by the <a href="/wiki/VMFA-115" title="VMFA-115">Marine Fighting Squadron 115</a> was "... drawn by the <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_(Burbank)" title="Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)">Disney Studios</a> (...) is exemplary of the squadron itself, and the cigar pays tribute to Major Joe Foss' ever-present '<a href="/wiki/Stogies" class="mw-redirect" title="Stogies">stogie</a>' (...) the name was chosen by popular vote."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p>As lead pilot in his flight of eight Wildcats, the group soon became known as "Foss's Flying Circus", with two sections Foss nicknamed "Farm Boys" and "City Slickers."<sup id="cite_ref-Loomis_p._94_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loomis_p._94-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1942, Foss contracted malaria. He was sent to <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia for rehabilitation, where he met Australian ace <a href="/wiki/Clive_Caldwell" title="Clive Caldwell">Clive "Killer" Caldwell</a> and delivered some lectures on operational flying to RAF pilots, newly assigned to the theater.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer_p._40_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer_p._40-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 1, 1943, Foss returned to Guadalcanal, to continue combat operations which lasted until February 9, 1943, although the Japanese attacks had waned from the height of the November 1942 crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer_p._80_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer_p._80-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In three months of sustained combat, Foss's Flying Circus had shot down 72 Japanese aircraft, including 26 credited to him.<sup id="cite_ref-Shores_p._61_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shores_p._61-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon matching the record of 26 kills held by America's top World War I ace, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Rickenbacker" title="Eddie Rickenbacker">Eddie Rickenbacker</a>, Foss was accorded the honor of becoming America's first "ace-of-aces" in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the Japanese he shot down was ace <a href="/wiki/Kaname_Harada" title="Kaname Harada">Kaname Harada</a>, who became a peace activist and met Foss many years later.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foss returned to the United States in March 1943. On May 18, 1943, Foss received the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> from President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shores_p._61_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shores_p._61-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> ceremony was featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine, with the reluctant Captain Foss appearing on the magazine's cover.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then was asked to participate in a war bond tour that stretched into 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer_p._80_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer_p._80-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_combat">Return to combat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return to combat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC-C-Aces-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USMC-C-Aces-29.jpg/220px-USMC-C-Aces-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USMC-C-Aces-29.jpg/330px-USMC-C-Aces-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/USMC-C-Aces-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>L–R (foreground) Maj. Joe Foss, Maj. Marion Carl and advisor Charles Lindbergh in South Pacific, May 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 1944, Foss returned to the Pacific theater to lead <a href="/wiki/VMFA-115" title="VMFA-115">VMF-115</a>, flying the <a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair" title="Vought F4U Corsair">F4U Corsair</a>. VMF-115 was based in the combat zone around <a href="/wiki/Emirau_Airport" title="Emirau Airport">Emirau</a>, St. Mathias Group in 1944. It was during this second tour that Foss met and became friends with fellow Marine fighter ace <a href="/wiki/Marion_Carl" class="mw-redirect" title="Marion Carl">Marion Carl</a>. He also had an opportunity to meet and fly with his boyhood idol, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a>, who was on assignment touring the South Pacific as an aviation consultant. After eight months of operational flying but no opportunities to increase his wartime score, Foss finished his combat service as one of America's top scoring pilots.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foss again contracted malaria, and was sent home to the <a href="/wiki/Klamath_Falls,_Oregon" title="Klamath Falls, Oregon">Klamath Falls, Oregon</a> Rehabilitation Center. <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>In February 1945, he became operations and training officer at the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Santa_Barbara" title="Marine Corps Air Station Santa Barbara">Marine Corps Air Station Santa Barbara</a>, California.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar">Postwar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_National_Guard">Air National Guard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Air National Guard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1945, Foss was released to inactive duty and opened <i>Joe Foss Flying Service</i>, charter flying service and flight instruction school in Sioux Falls, that eventually grew into a 35-aircraft operation. With a friend, Duane "Duke" Corning, he later owned a Packard car dealership in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1945, Foss was ordered to appear at Navy Day ceremonies in four cities there and was finally relieved from active duty in December 1945 but was retained in the Marine Corps Reserve on inactive duty until 1947. In 1946, Foss was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a> in the South Dakota Air National Guard and instructed to form the <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Air_National_Guard" title="South Dakota Air National Guard">South Dakota Air National Guard</a>, becoming the commanding officer for the Guard's <a href="/wiki/175th_Fighter-Interceptor_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="175th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron">175th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron</a>. During the unit's formative years, Foss was actively involved in administration and flying with the squadron, even becoming a member of their North American P-51 Mustang air demonstration team.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, Foss, then a <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a>, was called to active duty with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>, relinquishing command of the 175th Squadron, and served as a Director of Operations and Training for the Central Air Defense Command; he eventually reached the rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Century_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Century-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_career">Political career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Foss_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Joe_Foss_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg/150px-Joe_Foss_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Joe_Foss_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg/225px-Joe_Foss_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Joe_Foss_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg/300px-Joe_Foss_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>Foss as Governor, 1955</figcaption></figure> <p>Campaigning from the cockpit of a light aircraft, Foss served two elected terms as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> representative in the <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="South Dakota State Legislature">South Dakota legislature</a> and, beginning in 1955, at age 39, as the state's youngest <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Dakota" title="Governor of South Dakota">governor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_p._212_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_p._212-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his tenure as governor, he accompanied <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Tom Brokaw</a>, then a <a href="/wiki/High_school_(North_America)" title="High school (North America)">high school</a> student and Governor of South Dakota <a href="/wiki/American_Legion" title="American Legion">American Legion</a> <a href="/wiki/Boys/Girls_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Boys/Girls State">Boys State</a>, to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> for a joint appearance on <i>Two for the Money</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Television_game_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Television game show">television game show</a>, which featured Foss because of his wartime celebrity. <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foss had previously appeared on the long-running game show <i><a href="/wiki/What%27s_My_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="What's My Line">What's My Line</a></i> on May 1, 1955. <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958, Foss unsuccessfully sought a seat in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>, having been defeated by another wartime pilot hero, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a>. Foss tried to re-enter politics in 1962 in a campaign to succeed <a href="/wiki/Francis_H._Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis H. Case">Sen. Francis Case</a>, who died in office. Foss and several other contenders lost to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Bottum" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph H. Bottum">Joseph H. Bottum</a>, who filled out Case's term.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_careers">Later careers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later careers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Football_League">American Football League</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: American Football League"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After serving as governor, Foss spent a short time working for <a href="/wiki/Raven_Industries" title="Raven Industries">Raven Industries</a> before becoming the first Commissioner of the newly created <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a> in 1959. He oversaw the emergence of the league as the genesis of modern professional football. During the next seven years, Foss helped expand the league and made lucrative television deals, including the initial five-year, $10.6 million contract with <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> in 1960 to broadcast AFL games. The next contract was also for five years, but with <a href="/wiki/NFL_on_NBC" title="NFL on NBC">NBC</a> for a substantially greater $36 million, starting in <a href="/wiki/1965_American_Football_League_season" title="1965 American Football League season">1965</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uptvrts_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uptvrts-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aflex66_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aflex66-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foss stepped aside as commissioner in April <a href="/wiki/1966_American_Football_League_season" title="1966 American Football League season">1966</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fqpaafcz_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fqpaafcz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two months before the historic agreement that led to the <a href="/wiki/AFL-NFL_merger" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL-NFL merger">merger</a> of AFL and <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al_Davis" title="Al Davis">Al Davis</a> succeeded him,<sup id="cite_ref-apdvascz_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apdvascz-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but disagreed with the merger and resigned after <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> months. <a href="/wiki/Milt_Woodard" title="Milt Woodard">Milt Woodard</a>, the assistant commissioner under Foss, was named to the new office of president of the AFL in July and served through the league's final season in <a href="/wiki/1969_American_Football_League_season" title="1969 American Football League season">1969</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-widoiafl_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-widoiafl-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_career">Television career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Television career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drawing on a lifelong love of hunting and the outdoors, Foss hosted <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Sportsman" title="The American Sportsman">The American Sportsman</a></i> from 1964 to 1967, which took him around the world for hunting and fishing excursions. He then hosted and produced his own <a href="/wiki/Television_syndication" class="mw-redirect" title="Television syndication">syndicated</a> outdoors TV series, <i>The Outdoorsman: Joe Foss</i>, from 1967 to 1974. In 1972, he also began a six-year stint as Director of Public Affairs for <a href="/wiki/KLM" title="KLM">KLM Royal Dutch Airlines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Rifle_Association">National Rifle Association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: National Rifle Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in 1988, Foss was elected to two consecutive one-year terms as president of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rifle Association of America">National Rifle Association of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Legend_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legend-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his later years he maintained a rigorous speaking schedule and spoke out for conservative causes on what he considered a weakening of gun owners' rights. He was portrayed on the cover of the 29 January 1990 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a></i> wearing his trademark <a href="/wiki/Stetson" title="Stetson">Stetson</a> hat and holding a revolver.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Representatives_of_the_Easter_Seal_Campaign_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Representatives_of_the_Easter_Seal_Campaign_%2802%29.jpg/220px-President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Representatives_of_the_Easter_Seal_Campaign_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Representatives_of_the_Easter_Seal_Campaign_%2802%29.jpg/330px-President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Representatives_of_the_Easter_Seal_Campaign_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Representatives_of_the_Easter_Seal_Campaign_%2802%29.jpg/440px-President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Representatives_of_the_Easter_Seal_Campaign_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>Easter Seal Twins, Paula and Patricia Webber (Sumter, South Carolina); National Easter Seal Chairman Art Linkletter; President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>; President of the National Society for Crippled Children and Adults, Joseph Foss; Governor of South Carolina <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hollings" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Hollings">Ernest Hollings</a>. Oval Office, White House, Washington, D.C. in 1961.</figcaption></figure> <p>Foss, who had a daughter with cerebral palsy, served as President of the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Seals_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Seals (U.S.)">National Society of Crippled Children and Adults</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foss's other charities included the Easter Seals campaign, <a href="/wiki/Campus_Crusade_for_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus Crusade for Christ">Campus Crusade for Christ</a>, and an Arizona program for disadvantaged youths. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Joe_Foss_Institute">The Joe Foss Institute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Joe Foss Institute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, Foss and his second wife, "Didi,"<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> founded the <a href="/wiki/Joe_Foss_Institute" title="Joe Foss Institute">Joe Foss Institute</a>, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. The institute works with veterans and educators around the United States to educate the nation's youth on history and civics, and to inspire them to become informed and engaged citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through classroom presentations, curriculum and scholarships, the Joe Foss Institute has served more than 1.35 million children, as of June 2014, nationwide. Currently, the institute offers three primary programs; Veterans Inspiring Patriotism (VIP), You are America Civics Series and scholarship contests which run year-round. Foss did many of these school visits himself, speaking to children of all ages about service, responsibility, patriotism, integrity and commitment.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_honors_and_recognition">Other honors and recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other honors and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foss co-authored or was the subject of three books including the wartime <i>Joe Foss: Flying Marine</i> (with Walter Simmons); <i>Top Guns</i> (with Matthew Brennan); and <i>A Proud American</i> by his wife, Donna Wild Foss. Foss also provided the foreword to <i>Above and Beyond: the Aviation Medals of Honor</i> by <a href="/wiki/Barrett_Tillman" title="Barrett Tillman">Barrett Tillman</a>, and was profiled in Tom Brokaw's 1998 book about World War II and its warriors, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Generation_(book)" title="The Greatest Generation (book)">The Greatest Generation</a></i>. Brokaw characterized Foss: "He had a hero's swagger but a winning smile to go with his plain talk and movie-star looks. Joe Foss was larger than life, and his heroics in the skies over the Pacific were just the beginning of a journey that would take him to places far from that farm with no electricity and not much hope north of Sioux Falls."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>Brave Eagle</i>, a 1955 postwar effort to film a story of Foss's life, starring his friend, <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>, fell through in 1956 when Foss refused to allow the producers to add a fictitious love story.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer_p._82_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer_p._82-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>American Ace: The Joe Foss Story</i> was an award-winning, hour-length television documentary, produced by the <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Broadcasting" title="South Dakota Public Broadcasting">South Dakota Public Broadcasting</a>, first aired in fall 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-SDPB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDPB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foss was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Aviation_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Aviation Hall of Fame">National Aviation Hall of Fame</a> in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also was a president and board chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Association">Air Force Association</a> and as a Director of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">United States Air Force Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, he served as a consultant on the popular computer game <i><a href="/wiki/Combat_Flight_Simulator_2" title="Combat Flight Simulator 2">Combat Flight Simulator 2</a></i> by Microsoft.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A complete listing of Foss's affiliations and honors is given at The Joe Foss Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Joe_Foss" title="Special:EditPage/Joe Foss">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Joe+Foss%22">"Joe Foss"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Joe+Foss%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Joe+Foss%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Joe+Foss%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Joe+Foss%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Joe+Foss%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On January 11, 2002, Foss, then 86, was in the news when he was detained by security at the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Sky_Harbor_International_Airport" title="Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport">Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport</a>. He was scheduled to deliver an address at the National Rifle Association and speak to a class at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> at West Point. A search necessitated by his pacemaker precluding a metal detector screening had led to the discovery of the star-shaped Medal of Honor, along with a clearly marked dummy-bullet keychain, a second replica bullet and a small nail file (with MOH insignia). </p><p>The incident caused a furor with both media and public support given to Foss. Newsman Jack Cafferty noted that <a href="/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">airport security</a> personnel demonstrated poor judgment in not recognizing the Medal of Honor and in demanding to confiscate and destroy the medal and related memorabilia. He eventually lost a souvenir replica bullet, but was able to retain his Medal of Honor and commemorative nail file, by shipping it back to himself.<sup id="cite_ref-Cafferty_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cafferty-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"I wasn't upset for me ... I was upset for the Medal of Honor, that they just didn't know what it even was. It represents all of the guys who lost their lives – the guys who never came back. Everyone who put their lives on the line for their country. You're supposed to know what the Medal of Honor is", he said.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident led to a national debate about post 9/11 airport security practices and their ramifications on the average citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foss suffered a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> in October 2002 when he bled from a cerebral <a href="/wiki/Aneurysm" title="Aneurysm">aneurysm</a>. He died three months later on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a>, 2003, never having regained consciousness, in <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a>, where he and his wife had made their home in later years.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>, retired Lt. Colonel <a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">Oliver North</a> and South Dakota native and NBC News anchor <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Tom Brokaw</a> were among those who attended with North delivering the eulogy. </p><p>Actor <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> gave a brief tribute to his old friend. Foss was buried at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> in Section 7A, Lot 162 on January 21, 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Family, friends, military personnel and dignitaries remembered him fondly at a service in Arlington and at an earlier "Memorial Service for an American Patriot" in the old chapel at nearby Fort Myer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorials">Memorials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of institutions and locations have been named in honor of Foss, including <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Miramar" title="Marine Corps Air Station Miramar">Marine Corps Air Station Miramar</a> Joe Foss Field, the Joe Foss Field Air National Guard Station in <a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls, South Dakota</a>, the Joe Foss Field at the <a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls_Regional_Airport" title="Sioux Falls Regional Airport">Sioux Falls Regional Airport</a> <sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Foss_High_School_(Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota)" title="Joe Foss High School (Sioux Falls, South Dakota)">Joe Foss High School</a> also in Sioux Falls, and the State Building in <a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre, South Dakota</a>. A larger-than-life bronze statue of Foss stands in the lobby of the Sioux Falls Regional Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-Scottsdale_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottsdale-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joefossshootingcomplex.com/">Joe Foss Shooting Complex</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buckeye,_Arizona" title="Buckeye, Arizona">Buckeye, Arizona</a>, is also named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A private road in Scottsdale, Arizona, owned by General Dynamics, was renamed "Joe Foss Way" and dedicated on May 20, 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984, Foss was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Aviation_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Aviation Hall of Fame">National Aviation Hall of Fame</a> in Dayton, Ohio. <sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foss was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Aviation_Hall_of_Honor" title="Naval Aviation Hall of Honor">Naval Aviation Hall of Honor</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Naval_Aviation_Museum" title="National Naval Aviation Museum">National Naval Aviation Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aerial_victories">Aerial victories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Aerial victories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foss_(Guadalcanal).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Foss_%28Guadalcanal%29.jpg/220px-Foss_%28Guadalcanal%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Foss_%28Guadalcanal%29.jpg/330px-Foss_%28Guadalcanal%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Foss_%28Guadalcanal%29.jpg/440px-Foss_%28Guadalcanal%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Profile drawing of a Grumman F4F Wildcat flown by Joe Foss (Guadalcanal, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1942</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Marine Corps credits Foss with 26 air victories, and Marine ace <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Hanson" title="Robert M. Hanson">Robert M. Hanson</a> with 25 victories. However, the Marine Corps credits Marine ace <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Boyington" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Boyington">Gregory "Pappy" Boyington</a> with 28 American victories. This is due to Boyington's (22 Marine victories) wartime claim of 6 victories scored while serving with the <a href="/wiki/Flying_Tigers" title="Flying Tigers">Flying Tigers</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Volunteer_Group" title="American Volunteer Group">American Volunteer Group-AVG</a>) in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> at the beginning of World War II, prior to him rejoining the Marine Corps;<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AVG records show that Boyington was paid for 3.5 enemy aircraft destroyed (2-air, 1.5-ground).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American Fighter Aces Association credits Boyington with 24 victories (22 with the Marine Corps and 2 with the AVG). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>Total</th> <th>Aircraft Types Claimed </th></tr> <tr> <td>October 13, 1942</td> <td>1</td> <td>A6M <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Allied_names_for_Japanese_aircraft" title="World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft">Allied reporting name: "Zeke"</a> destroyed (Cactus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 14, 1942</td> <td>1</td> <td>A6M "Zeke" destroyed (Cactus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 18, 1942</td> <td>3</td> <td>2 A6M "Zekes" and 1 <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">G4M "Betty"</a> destroyed (Cactus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 20, 1942</td> <td>2</td> <td>A6M "Zekes" destroyed (Cactus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 23, 1942</td> <td>4</td> <td>A6M "Zekes" destroyed (Cactus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 25, 1942</td> <td>2</td> <td>A6M "Zekes" destroyed (Cactus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 25, 1942</td> <td>3</td> <td>A6M "Zekes" destroyed (Cactus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 7, 1942</td> <td>3</td> <td>1 <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A6M2-N" title="Nakajima A6M2-N">A6M2-N "Rufe"</a> and 2 <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F1M" title="Mitsubishi F1M">F1M2 "Petes</a>" destroyed (Cactus), but was shot down by the rear gunner of a Pete he shot down. Postwar records show the Japanese lost only one Pete that day.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 12, 1942</td> <td>3</td> <td>2 G4M "Bettys" and 1 A6M Zero destroyed (Cactus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 15, 1942</td> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">E13A "Jake"</a> destroyed (Cactus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 15, 1943</td> <td>3</td> <td>A6M "Zekes" destroyed (Cactus)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>26</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_awards">Military awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Military awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foss's military decorations and awards include: </p> <table style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COMMAND_PILOT_WINGS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/COMMAND_PILOT_WINGS.png/206px-COMMAND_PILOT_WINGS.png" decoding="async" width="206" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/COMMAND_PILOT_WINGS.png/309px-COMMAND_PILOT_WINGS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/COMMAND_PILOT_WINGS.png/412px-COMMAND_PILOT_WINGS.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="444" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Aviator_Badge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Naval_Aviator_Badge.jpg/206px-Naval_Aviator_Badge.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Naval_Aviator_Badge.jpg/309px-Naval_Aviator_Badge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Naval_Aviator_Badge.jpg/412px-Naval_Aviator_Badge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="469" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal_of_Honor_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Medal_of_Honor_ribbon.svg/106px-Medal_of_Honor_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Medal_of_Honor_ribbon.svg/159px-Medal_of_Honor_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Medal_of_Honor_ribbon.svg/212px-Medal_of_Honor_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Distinguished_Flying_Cross_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_ribbon.svg/106px-Distinguished_Flying_Cross_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_ribbon.svg/159px-Distinguished_Flying_Cross_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_ribbon.svg/212px-Distinguished_Flying_Cross_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; 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text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Aviator_Badge" title="United States Aviator Badge">United States Air Force Command Pilot Badge</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Naval Aviator">Naval Aviator Badge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> </td> <td colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Air_Medal" title="Air Medal">Air Medal</a><br />w/ two <a href="/wiki/5/16_inch_star" title="5/16 inch star"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>" Gold Star</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Combat_Action_Ribbon" title="Combat Action Ribbon">Combat Action Ribbon</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" title="Presidential Unit Citation (United States)">Air Force Presidential Unit Citation</a><br />w/ one bronze <a href="/wiki/Oak_leaf_cluster" title="Oak leaf cluster">oak leaf cluster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" title="Presidential Unit Citation (United States)">Navy Presidential Unit Citation</a><br /> w/ one <a href="/wiki/Service_star" title="Service star"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>" Bronze Star</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Service_Medal" title="American Defense Service Medal">American Defense Service Medal</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/American_Campaign_Medal" title="American Campaign Medal">American Campaign Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal">Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal</a><br />w/ two <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>" Bronze Stars </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="World War II Victory Medal (United States)">World War II Victory Medal</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Service_Medal" title="National Defense Service Medal">National Defense Service Medal</a><br />w/ one <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>" Bronze Star </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Longevity_Service_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Longevity Service Award">Air Force Longevity Service Award</a><br />w/ one bronze oak leaf cluster </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Reserve_Medal" title="Armed Forces Reserve Medal">Armed Forces Reserve Medal</a><br />silver <a href="/wiki/Hourglass_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Hourglass device">hourglass device</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Marksmanship_Ribbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Marksmanship Ribbon">Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medal_of_Honor_citation">Medal of Honor citation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Medal of Honor citation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the CONGRESSIONAL MEDAL OF HONOR to<br /> </p><p><b>CAPTAIN JOSEPH J. FOSS</b><br /> UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS RESERVE<br /> for service as set forth in the following CITATION: </p> <blockquote><p> For outstanding heroism and courage above and beyond the call of duty as Executive Officer of a Marine Fighting Squadron, at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Engaging in almost daily combat with the enemy from October 9 to November 19, 1942, Captain Foss personally shot down 23 Japanese aircraft and damaged others so severely that their destruction was extremely probable. In addition, during this period, he successfully led a large number of escort missions, skillfully covering reconnaissance, bombing and photographic planes as well as surface craft. On January 15, 1943, he added three more enemy aircraft to his already brilliant successes for a record of aerial combat achievement unsurpassed in this war. Boldly searching out an approaching enemy force on January 25, Captain Foss led his eight F4F Marine planes and four Army P-38s into action and, undaunted by tremendously superior numbers, intercepted and struck with such force that four Japanese fighters were shot down and the bombers were turned back without releasing a single bomb. His remarkable flying skill, inspiring leadership and indomitable fighting spirit were distinctive factors in the defense of strategic American positions on Guadalcanal.</p></blockquote><p> /S/ <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_for_World_War_II#F" title="List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II">List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Football_League_players" title="List of American Football League players">American Football League players, coaches and contributors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although only 27, his squadron mates gave him the unflattering nickname of "Old Foos."<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_p._115_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_p._115-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To preserve the scarce ammunition at Henderson, Foss removed one machine gun from each wing and relied on his "ability to shoot." At least four engagements were broken off when Foss ran out of ammunition.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer_p._40_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer_p._40-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foss had lost considerable weight during 20 bouts of malaria until successful treatment in the United States brought him back to health. He only weighed 140 lbs when he entered rehabilitation.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer_p._82_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer_p._82-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foss gained fame in the service and later, in civilian life, as a "cigar-smoking", Stetson hatted, larger-than-life boisterous character.<sup id="cite_ref-Legend_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legend-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both Brokaw and Foss each won $612.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foss signed in using his middle name, Jacob, in a further effort to stump the panel. It was revealed through the panel's questioning that Foss had been in Las Vegas attending a demonstration at the Nevada Test Site where he met <i><a href="/wiki/What%27s_My_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="What's My Line">What's My Line</a></i> host John Daly.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foss married Donna Wild Foss, known as "Didi" in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A larger-than-life bronze statue of Foss is in the lobby of the Sioux Falls Regional Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-Scottsdale_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottsdale-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joe Foss Field Air National Guard Station is located at Sioux Falls Regional Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-Century_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Century-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Miller_p._115-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_p._115_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_p._115_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller 1969, p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110114234741/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1417707/Joe-Foss.html">"Joe Foss Obituary"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. January 3, 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1417707/Joe-Foss.html">the original</a> on January 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Joe+Foss+Obituary&rft.date=2003-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1417707%2FJoe-Foss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SDPB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SDPB_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SDPB_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdpb.org/JoeFoss/default.asp">"American Ace: The Joe Foss Story."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928112828/http://www.sdpb.org/JoeFoss/default.asp">Archived</a> 2011-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>South Dakota Public Broadcasting</i>, 2011. Retrieved: August 4, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauer January 1990, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sims_p._32-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sims_p._32_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sims_p._32_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sims_p._32_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sims_p._32_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sims 1969, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legend-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legend_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legend_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legend_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicalmilitaria.com/Obituaries/Foss.html">"Joseph Jacob Foss"</a>. <i>Historical Militaria</i>. 1 January 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030304112609/http://www.historicalmilitaria.com/Obituaries/Foss.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Militaria&rft.atitle=Joseph+Jacob+Foss&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicalmilitaria.com%2FObituaries%2FFoss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"WWII ace Joe Foss dies at 87: Medal of Honor recipient led a storied life". <i>The Arizona Republic</i>. January 2, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Arizona+Republic&rft.atitle=WWII+ace+Joe+Foss+dies+at+87%3A+Medal+of+Honor+recipient+led+a+storied+life&rft.date=2003-01-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nicindy.org/whos_greek/medal_of_honor_recipients">"Medal of Honor recipients"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090708150005/http://www.nicindy.org/whos_greek/medal_of_honor_recipients/">Archived</a> 2009-07-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, nicindy.org; accessed August 3, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bauer_p._40-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer_p._40_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer_p._40_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer_p._40_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauer March 1990, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson 1978, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yenne 2009, p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_p._xi-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_p._xi_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller 1969, p. xi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loomis_p._94-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Loomis_p._94_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Loomis_p._94_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Loomis 1961, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tillman_p._30-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tillman_p._30_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tillman 1995, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foss's flight on that memorable day is documented in <a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Sims" title="Edward H. Sims">Edward H. Sims</a>' book <i>Greatest Fighter Missions</i>, as the third chapter of that compilation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrummell2005" class="citation book cs1">Brummell, Clyde Verlon (2005). <i>Beyond a Dream</i>. Portland, Oregon: Gann Publishing Co. pp. (from inside front cover). <q>... drawn by the Disney Studios (...) is exemplary of the squadron itself, and the cigar pays tribute to Major Joe Foss' ever-present 'stogie' (...) the name was chosen by popular vote.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+a+Dream&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pages=%28from+inside+front+cover%29&rft.pub=Gann+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Brummell&rft.aufirst=Clyde+Verlon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/13883518665/10154644730418666">"Flying Heritage & Combat Armor Museum"</a>. <i>www.facebook.com</i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/flyingheritage/posts/10154644730418666:0">the original</a></span> on 2022-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.facebook.com&rft.atitle=Flying+Heritage+%26+Combat+Armor+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fflyingheritage%2Fposts%2F10154644730418666%3A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bauer_p._80-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer_p._80_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer_p._80_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauer May 1990, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shores_p._61-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shores_p._61_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shores_p._61_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores 1975, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gurney 1982, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2016" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Sam (5 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/world/asia/kaname-harada-pearl-harbor-fighter-pilot-who-became-pacifist-dies-at-99.html">"Kaname Harada, Pearl Harbor Fighter Pilot and, Later, a Pacifist, Dies at 99"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509223619/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/world/asia/kaname-harada-pearl-harbor-fighter-pilot-who-became-pacifist-dies-at-99.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kaname+Harada%2C+Pearl+Harbor+Fighter+Pilot+and%2C+Later%2C+a+Pacifist%2C+Dies+at+99&rft.date=2016-05-05&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F05%2F06%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fkaname-harada-pearl-harbor-fighter-pilot-who-became-pacifist-dies-at-99.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.life.com/image/51148313">"Joseph Foss – Life Magazine Cover"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <i>Life magazine,</i> June 7, 1943 via <i>life.com.</i> Retrieved: August 3, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joefoss.com/blog/19-freedom/117-joes-jokers">"The Story of Joe's Jokers."</a> <i>The Joe Foss Institute.</i> Retrieved: August 4, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bauer_p._82-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer_p._82_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer_p._82_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauer May 1990, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Foss_JJ.htm">"Brigadier General Joseph Jacob Foss, ANG (Deceased)."</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <i>usmc.mil.</i> Retrieved: August 3, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brokaw 1998, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mva.sd.gov/museum_114th.html">"114th Fighter Wing, South Dakota Air National Guard."</a> <i>South Dakota Department of the Military and Department of Veterans Affairs.</i> Retrieved: August 4, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Century-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Century_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Century_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.century-of-flight.net/Aviation%20history/WW2/aces/Joseph%20Foss.htm">"Joe Foss"</a> <i>Century of Flight,</i> 2003. Retrieved: August 4, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_p._212-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_p._212_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller 1969, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uptvrts-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uptvrts_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BusxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EuMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5992%2C4622151">"AFL, NBC ink pact"</a>, <i>Eugene Register-Guard</i>, January 29, 1964, p. 3B.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aflex66-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aflex66_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jZcrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vPQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5397%2C2441193">"American Football League may be expanded in 1966."</a> <i>Nashua Telegraph</i>, May 23, 1964, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fqpaafcz-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fqpaafcz_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=z4tRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_hAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5072%2C1524235">"Foss quits $50,000 post as AFL czar."</a> <i>Milwaukee Sentinel</i>, April 8, 1966, pg. 2, part 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernstein-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A3931-2003Jan2&notFound=true">"WWII Ace, SD Gov. Joe Foss Dies; Also Headed Football League, NRA."</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <i>Washington Post,</i> January 3, 2003. Retrieved: February 22, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apdvascz-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apdvascz_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0ItRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_hAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5166%2C1877683">"Appoint Davis as AFL czar"</a>, <i>Milwaukee Sentinel</i>, April 9, 1966, pg. 1, part 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-widoiafl-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-widoiafl_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KHhQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VBEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4057%2C4872186">"Woodard in, Davis out in AFL"</a>, <i>Milwaukee Sentinel</i>, July 26, 1966, pg. 2, part 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025034010/http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19900129,00.html">"TIME Magazine Cover: Joe Foss"</a>. <i>TIME</i>. July 29, 1990. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/covers/0%2C16641%2C19900129%2C00.html">the original</a> on October 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=TIME+Magazine+Cover%3A+Joe+Foss&rft.date=1990-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fcovers%2F0%252C16641%252C19900129%252C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harriman, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mastermason.com/elriadclowns/foss_obit.htm">"S.D. loses legend, American hero."</a> <i>Argus Leader,</i> January 2, 2003. Retrieved: August 3. 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D'Amico, Diane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/education/press/article_1633471e-ed50-11df-b38c-001cc4c002e0.html">"Education Writer."</a> <i>Press of Atlantic City</i>, December 10, 2010. Retrieved: February 22, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joefossinstitute.org">"Home: The Joe FossInstitute."</a> <i>The Joe Foss Institute.</i> Retrieved: August 4, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brokaw 1998, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalaviation.org/enshrinees/">"Enshrinees."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110312033710/http://www.nationalaviation.org/enshrinees/">Archived</a> 2011-03-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>National Aviation Hall of Fame.</i> Retrieved: August 3, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seal, Jon and Michael Ahn. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209105228/http://www.microsoft.com/games/combatfs2/articles_foss.asp">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"An Interview with Joseph Jacob 'Joe' Foss."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></i>. Archived from the original on February 9, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft&rft.atitle=%22An+Interview+with+Joseph+Jacob+%27Joe%27+Foss.%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fgames%2Fcombatfs2%2Farticles_foss.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> <i>Microsoft Games Studios,</i> March 2000. Retrieved: August 3, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joefoss.com/about-us/about-joe-foss/accomplishments-and-affiliations">"Accomplishments and Affiliations."</a> <i>The Joe Foss Institute.</i> Retrieved: August 4, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cafferty-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cafferty_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cafferty, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/02/27/war.hero.cnna">"Interview with Joe Foss: Decorated WWII veteran detained, searched at airport"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821170551/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/02/27/war.hero.cnna/">Archived</a> 2006-08-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CNN.com, February 27, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith 2003, p. xviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alonso-Zildivar, Ricardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-11-mn-32223-story.html">"Public Anger Simmers Over Airport Searches"</a>, <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, March 11, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldstein, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andthereiwas.com/joefoss/ny_times_obit.html">"Joe Foss, 87, Flying Ace Who Led Football League, Is Dead"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, January 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harriman, Peter and David Kranz. "S.D. loses legend, American hero", <i>Argus Leader</i>, January 2, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Explore/Notable-Graves/Medal-of-Honor-Recipients/World-War-II-MoH-recipients/Joseph-J-Foss">Notable Graves: Medal of Honor Recipients, World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> official website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scottsdale-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scottsdale_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scottsdale_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scottsdalerotary.org/JoeFoss.html">Joe Foss profile</a>, scottsdalerotary.org; retrieved August 4, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://joefossrange.com">"Outdoor Shooting Facility."</a> <i>Joe Foss Shooting Complex</i>; retrieved February 22, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurtinitis, Tracey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/local/article_b394cc23-66bc-5f39-b1b2-a1fb698506e5.html">"General Dynamics honors legendary Scottsdale figure"</a>, <i>East Valley Tribune</i>, May 21, 2003; retrieved February 22, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalaviation.org/enshrinee/joseph-jacob-foss/">"Enshrinee Joe Foss"</a>. <i>nationalaviation.org</i>. National Aviation Hall of Fame<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalaviation.org&rft.atitle=Enshrinee+Joe+Foss&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalaviation.org%2Fenshrinee%2Fjoseph-jacob-foss%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaczor1994" class="citation news cs1">Kaczor, Bill (1994-11-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-11-27-mn-1868-story.html">"Marine Aces True Hell-for-Leather Pilots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Marine+Aces+True+Hell-for-Leather+Pilots&rft.date=1994-11-27&rft.aulast=Kaczor&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1994-11-27-mn-1868-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070806113319/http://hqinet001.hqmc.usmc.mil/HD/Historical/Whos_Who/Boyington_G.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Colonel Gregory "Pappy" Boyington, USMCR (Deceased)"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from the original on August 6, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Colonel+Gregory+%22Pappy%22+Boyington%2C+USMCR+%28Deceased%29%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhqinet001.hqmc.usmc.mil%2FHD%2FHistorical%2FWhos_Who%2FBoyington_G.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> <i>Who's Who in Marine Corps History</i>; retrieved August 3, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford, Daniel quoting Dr. Frank Olynyk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warbirdforum.com/vics.htm">"Victory credits."</a> <i>Stars and Bars: A Tribute to the American Fighter Ace</i> via <i>warbirdforum.com</i>, 1995. Retrieved: August 3, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hackett, Bob, Sander Kingsepp and Allan Alsleben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combinedfleet.com/Kamikawa%20Maru_t.htm">"Tokusetsu Suijoki-Bokan: IJN Seaplane Tender Kamikawa Maru: Tabular Record of Movement."</a> <i>Japanese Auxiliary Seaplane Tenders,</i> 2006. Retrieved: July 9, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmohs.org/recipient-detail/2740/foss-joseph-jacob.php">"Foss, Joseph Jacob."</a> <i>Congressional Medal of Honor Society.</i> Retrieved: January 15, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For Air National Guard service</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bauer, Daniel. "Joe Foss: American Hero (Part One)." <i>Air Classics,</i> Volume 26, Number 1, January 1990.</li> <li>Bauer, Daniel. "Joe Foss: American Hero (Part Two)." <i>Air Classics,</i> Volume 26, Number 3, March 1990.</li> <li>Bauer, Daniel. "Joe Foss: American Hero (Part Three)." <i>Air Classics,</i> Volume 26, Number 5, May 1990.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060613235801/http://www.usmc.mil/moh.nsf/000003c919889c0385255f980058f5b6">"Brigadier General Joseph Jacob Foss, ANG."</a> <i>Who's Who in Marine Corps History</i>.</li> <li>Brokaw, Tom. <i>The Greatest Generation.</i> New York: Random House, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50202-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50202-6">978-0-375-50202-6</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060613235801/http://www.usmc.mil/moh.nsf/000003c919889c0385255f980058f5b6">"Capt Joseph J. Foss, Medal of Honor, 1942, VMA, Guadalcanal (Medal of Honor citation)"</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived June 13, 2006) <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a></i></li> <li>Foss, Joe. <i>A Proud American: The Autobiography of Joe Foss.</i> New York: Presidio Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89141-775-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89141-775-0">978-0-89141-775-0</a>.</li> <li>Gurney, Gene. <i>Five Down & Glory.</i> New York: Ballantine Books, 1982, First edition 1965. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-30799-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-30799-6">978-0-345-30799-6</a>.</li> <li>Jackson, Robert. <i>Fighter Aces of World War II: The True Stories of Fourteen of World War II's Fighter Pilots</i>: London: Corgi Books, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-552-10783-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-552-10783-2">0-552-10783-2</a>.</li> <li>Loomis, Robert D. <i>Great American Fighter Pilots of World War II.</i> New York: Random House, 1961. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-90396-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-90396-X">0-394-90396-X</a>.</li> <li>Miller, Thomas G. Jr. <i>The Cactus Air Force.</i> New York: Ballantine Books, 1969. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-14766-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-14766-8">0-553-14766-8</a>.</li> <li>Shores, Christopher. <i>Fighter Aces</i>. London: Hamlyn Publishing, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-600-30230-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-600-30230-X">0-600-30230-X</a>.</li> <li>Sims, Edward H. <i>Greatest Fighter Missions of the top Navy and Marine aces of World War II.</i> New York: Ballantine Books, 1969, First edition 1962. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-450163-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-450163-6">978-0-03-450163-6</a>.</li> <li>Smith, Larry. <i>Beyond Glory: Medal of Honor Heroes in Their Own Words.</i> New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004, First edition 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32562-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32562-1">978-0-393-32562-1</a>.</li> <li>Tillman, Barrett. <i>Wildcat Aces of World War 2 (Aircraft of the Aces).</i> Oxford, UK: Osprey, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-486-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-486-2">978-1-85532-486-2</a>.</li> <li>Yenne, Bill. <i>Aces High: The Heroic Saga of the Two Top-Scoring American Aces of World War II.</i> New York: Berkley, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-00266-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-00266-7">978-1-101-00266-7</a>.</li> <li>Zimmerman, Dwight Jon and John D. Gresham. <i>Uncommon Valor: The Medal of Honor and the Six Warriors Who Earned It in Afghanistan and Iraq.</i> New York: St. Martin's Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-36385-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-36385-7">978-0-312-36385-7</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCombs2003" class="citation news cs1">McCombs, Phil (January 22, 2003). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'He Flew with the Eagles': WWII Ace Joseph Foss Remembered at Arlington". <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27He+Flew+with+the+Eagles%27%3A+WWII+Ace+Joseph+Foss+Remembered+at+Arlington&rft.date=2003-01-22&rft.aulast=McCombs&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Foss was big influence on NBC's Brokaw". <i>The Arizona Republic</i>. January 4, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Arizona+Republic&rft.atitle=Foss+was+big+influence+on+NBC%27s+Brokaw&rft.date=2003-01-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Memorial service for WWII hero Joe Foss set for Thursday". <i>The Arizona Republic</i>. January 3, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Arizona+Republic&rft.atitle=Memorial+service+for+WWII+hero+Joe+Foss+set+for+Thursday&rft.date=2003-01-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"WWII ace Joe Foss dies at 87". <i>The Arizona Republic</i>. January 2, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Arizona+Republic&rft.atitle=WWII+ace+Joe+Foss+dies+at+87&rft.date=2003-01-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Foss" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acepilots.com/usmc_foss.html">Joseph Foss – C.O. VMF-121</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111223192519/http://www.au.af.mil/au/goe/eagle_bios/1997/foss_1997.asp">Joseph J. Foss</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joefoss.com/about-us/about-joe-foss/joe-foss-biography">Joe Foss Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070711114446/http://www.sdsiou.ang.af.mil/">South Dakota Air National Guard website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historicalregistry.com/?page_id=241">Joe J. Foss, Medal of Honor</a> – Joe Foss estate artifacts restored, preserved and displayed at Historical Registry</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7-PDbkxChI"><span class="plainlinks">Appearance on What's My Line quiz show</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgRmb3NzEgFq/">Arlington National Cemetery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?6123">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Anderson" title="Sigurd Anderson">Sigurd Anderson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Dakota" title="Governor of South Dakota">Governor of South Dakota</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1954_South_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1954 South Dakota gubernatorial election">1954</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_South_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 South Dakota gubernatorial election">1956</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Saunders" title="Phil Saunders">Phil Saunders</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Anderson" title="Sigurd Anderson">Sigurd Anderson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Dakota" title="Governor of South Dakota">Governor of South Dakota</a> </b><br />1955–1959 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Herseth" title="Ralph Herseth">Ralph Herseth</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">National Rifle Association of America </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_E._Reinke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James E. Reinke (page does not exist)">James E. Reinke</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Rifle_Association" title="List of presidents of the National Rifle Association">President of the NRA</a> </b><br />1988–1990 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_D._Riley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard D. Riley (page does not exist)">Richard D. Riley</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="List of governors of South Dakota">Governors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_South_Dakota" title="Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota">lieutenant governors</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Mellette" title="Arthur C. Mellette">Mellette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Sheldon" title="Charles H. Sheldon">Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_E._Lee" title="Andrew E. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_N._Herreid" title="Charles N. Herreid">Herreid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Elrod" title="Samuel H. Elrod">Elrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coe_I._Crawford" title="Coe I. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Vessey" title="Robert S. Vessey">Vessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_M._Byrne" title="Frank M. Byrne">Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Norbeck" title="Peter Norbeck">Norbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._McMaster" title="William H. McMaster">McMaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gunderson" title="Carl Gunderson">Gunderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bulow" title="William J. Bulow">Bulow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Green" title="Warren Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Berry_(South_Dakota_politician)" title="Tom Berry (South Dakota politician)">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Jensen" title="Leslie Jensen">Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_J._Bushfield" title="Harlan J. Bushfield">Bushfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrell_Q._Sharpe" title="Merrell Q. Sharpe">Sharpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Mickelson" title="George T. Mickelson">G.T. Mickelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Anderson" title="Sigurd Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Herseth" title="Ralph Herseth">Herseth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_M._Gubbrud" title="Archie M. Gubbrud">Gubbrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nils_Boe" title="Nils Boe">Boe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Farrar" title="Frank Farrar">Farrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Kneip" title="Richard F. Kneip">Kneip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Wollman" title="Harvey Wollman">Wollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Janklow" title="Bill Janklow">Janklow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Mickelson" title="George S. Mickelson">G.S. Mickelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dale_Miller" title="Walter Dale Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Janklow" title="Bill Janklow">Janklow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rounds" title="Mike Rounds">Rounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Daugaard" title="Dennis Daugaard">Daugaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristi_Noem" title="Kristi Noem">Noem</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of South Dakota"><img alt="Flag of South Dakota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg/120px-Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg/180px-Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg/240px-Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lieutenant<br />governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Fletcher" title="James H. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Hoffman" title="George H. Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_N._Herreid" title="Charles N. Herreid">Herreid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_T._Hindman" title="Daniel T. Hindman">Hindman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Kean" title="John T. Kean">Kean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Snow" title="George W. Snow">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._McDougall" title="John E. McDougall">McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_C._Shober" title="Howard C. Shober">Shober</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_M._Byrne" title="Frank M. Byrne">Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lincoln_Abel" title="Edward Lincoln Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Norbeck" title="Peter Norbeck">Norbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._McMaster" title="William H. McMaster">McMaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gunderson" title="Carl Gunderson">Gunderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Clark_Forney" title="Alva Clark Forney">Forney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt_E._Covey" title="Hyatt E. Covey">Covey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_E._Coyne" title="Clarence E. Coyne">Coyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Grigsby" title="John T. Grigsby">J. Grigsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odell_K._Whitney" title="Odell K. Whitney">Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Ustrud" title="Hans Ustrud">Ustrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peterson_(South_Dakota_politician)" title="Robert Peterson (South Dakota politician)">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_McMurchie" title="Donald McMurchie">McMurchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_C._Miller" title="Albert C. Miller">A. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_K._Grigsby" title="Sioux K. Grigsby">S. Grigsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Terry" title="Rex Terry">Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Roy_Houck" title="L. Roy Houck">Houck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Lindley" title="John F. Lindley">Lindley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bottum" title="Joe Bottum">Bottum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nils_Boe" title="Nils Boe">Boe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lem_Overpeck" title="Lem Overpeck">Overpeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Abdnor" title="James Abdnor">Abdnor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dougherty" title="William Dougherty">Dougherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Wollman" title="Harvey Wollman">Wollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_C._Hansen_II" title="Lowell C. Hansen II">Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dale_Miller" title="Walter Dale Miller">W. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_T._Kirby" title="Steve T. Kirby">Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_Hillard" title="Carole Hillard">Hillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Daugaard" title="Dennis Daugaard">Daugaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Michels" title="Matt Michels">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Rhoden" title="Larry Rhoden">Rhoden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Football_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #E31837 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #00338D, inset -2px -2px 0 #00338D;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Football_League_navbox" title="Template:American Football League navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Football_League_navbox" title="Template talk:American Football League navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Football_League_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Football League navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Football_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League"><span style="color: #FFFFFF;">American Football League</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">Boston Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bills" title="Buffalo Bills">Buffalo Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Oilers" title="Houston Oilers">Houston Oilers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Jets" title="New York Jets">New York Titans/Jets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bengals" title="Cincinnati Bengals">Cincinnati Bengals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_Broncos" title="Denver Broncos">Denver Broncos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs" title="Kansas City Chiefs">Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Raiders" title="Oakland Raiders">Oakland Raiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chargers" title="Los Angeles Chargers">Los Angeles/San Diego Chargers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Football_League_seasons" title="List of American Football League seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_playoffs" title="American Football League playoffs">Playoffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_All-League_Team" title="American Football League All-League Team">All-League Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_All-Star_game" title="American Football League All-Star game">All-Star game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_draft" title="American Football League draft">AFL Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_All-Time_Team" title="American Football League All-Time Team">All-Time Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93NFL_merger" title="AFL–NFL merger">AFL–NFL merger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day" title="NFL on Thanksgiving Day">Thanksgiving Day games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Football_League_players" title="List of American Football League players">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Football_League_officials" title="List of American Football League officials">Officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-year_AFL_patch" title="Ten-year AFL patch">Ten-year AFL patch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_on_ABC" title="American Football League on ABC">ABC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_television_in_the_1960s" title="NFL on television in the 1960s">1960s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AFL_All-Star_Game_broadcasters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of AFL All-Star Game broadcasters">AFL All-Star Game</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_AFL_Championship_Game_broadcasters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of AFL Championship Game broadcasters (page does not exist)">AFL Championship Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_England_Patriots_broadcasters" title="List of New England Patriots broadcasters">Boston Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffalo_Bills_broadcasters" title="List of Buffalo Bills broadcasters">Buffalo Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cincinnati_Bengals_broadcasters" title="List of Cincinnati Bengals broadcasters">Cincinnati Bengals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Denver_Broncos_broadcasters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Denver Broncos broadcasters">Denver Broncos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_Titans_broadcasters" title="List of Tennessee Titans broadcasters">Houston Oilers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_NBC" title="NFL on NBC">NBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kansas_City_Chiefs_broadcasters" title="List of Kansas City Chiefs broadcasters">Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Miami_Dolphins_broadcasters" title="List of Miami Dolphins broadcasters">Miami Dolphins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_Jets_broadcasters" title="List of New York Jets broadcasters">New York Titans/Jets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Las_Vegas_Raiders_broadcasters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Las Vegas Raiders broadcasters">Oakland Raiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Los_Angeles_Chargers_broadcasters" title="List of Los Angeles Chargers broadcasters">Los Angeles/San Diego Chargers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Super_Bowl_broadcasters" title="List of Super Bowl broadcasters">Super Bowl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joe Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Davis" title="Al Davis">Al Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milt_Woodard" title="Milt Woodard">Milt Woodard</a> (President)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Rifle_Association_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Rifle_Association" title="Template:National Rifle Association"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Rifle_Association" title="Template talk:National Rifle Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Rifle_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Rifle Association"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Rifle_Association_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rifle Association of America">National Rifle Association of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Rifle_Association" title="List of presidents of the National Rifle Association">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Burnside" title="Ambrose Burnside">Ambrose Burnside</a> (1871–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Conant_Church" title="William Conant Church">William Conant Church</a> (1872–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shaler" title="Alexander Shaler">Alexander Shaler</a> (1875–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> (1883–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wood_Wingate" title="George Wood Wingate">George Wood Wingate</a> (1886–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Libbey" title="William Libbey">William Libbey</a> (1916–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_W._Brookhart" title="Smith W. Brookhart">Smith W. Brookhart</a> (1921–25; 1925–26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Francis E. Warren</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hurley" title="Patrick J. Hurley">Patrick J. Hurley</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Crowell" title="Benedict Crowell">Benedict Crowell</a> (1930–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Frederick" title="Karl Frederick">Karl Frederick</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleton_W._T._Waller_Jr." title="Littleton W. T. Waller Jr.">Littleton W. T. Waller Jr.</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Swanson" title="Emmett Swanson">Emmett Swanson</a> (1948–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merritt_A._Edson" title="Merritt A. Edson">Merritt A. Edson</a> (1949–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_C._Mumma" title="Morton C. Mumma">Morton C. Mumma</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlon_Carter" title="Harlon Carter">Harlon Carter</a> (1965–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_M._Mustin" title="Lloyd M. Mustin">Lloyd M. Mustin</a> (1977–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Wallace_Pollock" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Wallace Pollock">Howard Wallace Pollock</a> (1983–85)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joe Foss</a> (1988–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Corbin" title="Robert K. Corbin">Robert K. Corbin</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Hammer" title="Marion Hammer">Marion Hammer</a> (1995–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1998–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Froman" title="Sandra Froman">Sandra Froman</a> (2005–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Keene" title="David Keene">David Keene</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Porter_II" title="James W. Porter II">James W. Porter II</a> (2013–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Brownell" title="Pete Brownell">Pete Brownell</a> (2017–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">Oliver North</a> (2018–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_D._Meadows" title="Carolyn D. Meadows">Carolyn D. Meadows</a> (2018; 2019–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Cotton" title="Charles L. Cotton">Charles L. Cotton</a> (since 2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CEOs and Executive Vice Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Reckord" title="Milton Reckord">Milton Reckord</a> (1926–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._B._Lister" title="C. B. Lister">C. B. Lister</a> (1949–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merritt_A._Edson" title="Merritt A. Edson">Merritt A. Edson</a> (1951–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Lavinius_Parks" title="Floyd Lavinius Parks">Floyd Lavinius Parks</a> (1956–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Orth" title="Franklin Orth">Franklin Orth</a> (1959–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Rich" title="Maxwell Rich">Maxwell Rich</a> (1970–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlon_Carter" title="Harlon Carter">Harlon Carter</a> (1977–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Ray_Arnett" title="G. Ray Arnett">G. Ray Arnett</a> (1985–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Warren_Cassidy" title="J. Warren Cassidy">J. Warren Cassidy</a> (1986–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_LaPierre" title="Wayne LaPierre">Wayne LaPierre</a> (1991–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NRA_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="NRA Foundation">NRA Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Perry" title="Camp Perry">Camp Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Eagle" title="Eddie Eagle">Eddie Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Legislative_Action" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Legislative Action">Institute for Legislative Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Victory_Fund" title="Political Victory Fund">Political Victory Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Firearms_Museum" title="National Firearms Museum">National Firearms Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Outdoor_Show" title="Great American Outdoor Show">Great American Outdoor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRATV" title="NRATV">NRATV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Price_of_Freedom_(2021_film)" title="The Price of Freedom (2021 film)">The Price of Freedom</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_United_States_World_War_II_flying_aces_with_15+_aerial_victories" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Top_US_World_War_II_Aces" title="Template:Top US World War II Aces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Top_US_World_War_II_Aces" title="Template talk:Top US World War II Aces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Top_US_World_War_II_Aces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Top US World War II Aces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_United_States_World_War_II_flying_aces_with_15+_aerial_victories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> United States World War II <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">flying aces</a> with 15+ aerial victories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">30+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bong" title="Richard Bong">Richard Bong</a> <small>(40)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McGuire" title="Thomas McGuire">Thomas McGuire</a> <small>(38)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McCampbell" title="David McCampbell">David McCampbell</a> <small>(34)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">25–29</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabby_Gabreski" title="Gabby Gabreski">Gabby Gabreski</a> <small>(28)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pappy_Boyington" title="Pappy Boyington">Gregory Boyington</a> <small>(28)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Johnson" title="Robert S. Johnson">Robert S. Johnson</a> <small>(27)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._MacDonald" title="Charles H. MacDonald">Charles H. MacDonald</a> <small>(27)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Preddy" title="George Preddy">George Preddy</a> <small>(26.83)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joe Foss</a> <small>(26)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Hanson" title="Robert M. Hanson">Robert M. Hanson</a> <small>(25)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">20–24</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Meyer" title="John C. Meyer">John C. Meyer</a> <small>(24)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_E._Harris" title="Cecil E. Harris">Cecil E. Harris</a> <small>(24)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_A._Valencia_Jr." title="Eugene A. Valencia Jr.">Eugene A. Valencia</a> <small>(23)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lance_C._Wade" title="Lance C. Wade">Lance C. Wade</a> <small>(23)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Schilling" title="David C. Schilling">David C. Schilling</a> <small>(22.5)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Johnson" title="Gerald R. Johnson">Gerald R. Johnson</a> <small>(22)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neel_E._Kearby" title="Neel E. Kearby">Neel E. Kearby</a> <small>(22)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_T._Robbins" title="Jay T. Robbins">Jay T. Robbins</a> <small>(22)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Salvatore_Gentile" title="Dominic Salvatore Gentile">Dominic Salvatore Gentile</a> <small>(21.83)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_J._Christensen" title="Fred J. Christensen">Fred J. Christensen</a> <small>(21.5)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Shuey_Wetmore" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Shuey Wetmore">Ray Shuey Wetmore</a> <small>(21.25)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Voll" title="John J. Voll">John J. Voll</a> <small>(21)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_A._Walsh" title="Kenneth A. Walsh">Kenneth A. Walsh</a> <small>(21)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Mahurin" title="Bud Mahurin">Walker Mahurin</a> <small>(20.75)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_N._Aldrich" title="Donald N. Aldrich">Donald N. Aldrich</a> <small>(20)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Lynch_(aviator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas J. Lynch (aviator)">Thomas J. Lynch</a> <small>(20)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Westbrook_(pilot)" title="Robert B. Westbrook (pilot)"> Robert B. Westbrook</a> <small>(20)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">15–19</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_E._Duncan" title="Glenn E. Duncan">Glenn E. Duncan</a> <small>(19)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_D._Fleming" title="Patrick D. Fleming">Patrick D. Fleming</a> <small>(19)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_N._Nooy" title="Cornelius N. Nooy">Cornelius N. Nooy</a> <small>(19)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(flying_ace)" title="John Smith (flying ace)">John Lucian Smith</a> <small>(19)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vraciu" title="Alexander Vraciu">Alexander Vraciu</a> <small>(19)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Benko" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur J. Benko">Arthur J. Benko</a> <small>(18.5)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Eugene_Carl" title="Marion Eugene Carl">Marion E. Carl</a> <small>(18.5)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_K._Carson" title="Leonard K. Carson">Leonard K. Carson</a> <small>(18.5)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Eagleston" title="Glenn T. Eagleston">Glenn T. Eagleston</a> <small>(18.5)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbur_J._Thomas" title="Wilbur J. Thomas">Wilbur J. Thomas</a> <small>(18.5)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_C._Beckham" title="Walter C. Beckham">Walter C. Beckham</a> <small>(18)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Green" title="Herschel Green">Herschel Green</a> <small>(18)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._%22Pappy%22_Herbst" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. "Pappy" Herbst">John C. "Pappy" Herbst</a> <small>(18)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Older" title="Charles Older">Charles Older</a> <small>(18)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Zemke" title="Hubert Zemke">Hubert Zemke</a> <small>(17.75)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._England" title="John B. England">John B. England</a> <small>(17.5)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Blakeslee" title="Donald Blakeslee">Donald Blakeslee</a> <small>(17.5)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Beeson" title="Duane Beeson">Duane Beeson</a> <small>(17.33)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Thornell_Jr." title="John F. Thornell Jr.">John F. Thornell Jr.</a> <small>(17.25)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_W._Johnson_(military_officer)" title="Gerald W. Johnson (military officer)">Gerald W. Johnson</a> <small>(17)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Varnell_Jr." title="James S. Varnell Jr.">James S. Varnell Jr.</a> <small>(17)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Godfrey" title="John T. Godfrey">John T. Godfrey</a> <small>(16.33)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Anderson" title="Bud Anderson">Bud Anderson</a> <small>(16.25)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Whisner_Jr." title="William T. Whisner Jr.">William T. Whisner Jr. </a> <small>(16.4)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Baker_(aviator)" title="Douglas Baker (aviator)">Douglas Baker</a> <small>(16)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Harris_(aviator)" title="Bill Harris (aviator)">Bill Harris</a> <small>(16)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_C._Kepford" title="Ira C. Kepford">Ira C. Kepford</a> <small>(16)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Stimpson" title="Charles R. Stimpson">Charles R. Stimpson</a> <small>(16)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Welch" class="mw-redirect" title="George S. Welch">George S. Welch</a> <small>(16)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Dunham" title="William D. Dunham">William D. Dunham</a> <small>(16)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_M._Beerbower" title="Don M. Beerbower">Don M. Beerbower</a> <small>(15.25)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Peterson_(aviator)" title="Richard A. Peterson (aviator)">Richard A. Peterson</a> <small>(15.25)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Swett" title="James E. Swett">James E. Swett</a> <small>(15.25)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex_Hill" title="Tex Hill">David Lee "Tex" Hill</a> <small>(15.25)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_T._Bradley" title="Jack T. Bradley">Jack T. Bradley</a> <small>(15)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Brown" title="Samuel J. Brown">Samuel J. Brown</a> <small>(15)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_%22Porky%22_Cragg" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward "Porky" Cragg">Edward "Porky" Cragg</a> <small>(15)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_H._Dahlberg" title="Kenneth H. Dahlberg">Kenneth H. Dahlberg</a> <small>(15)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Goodson" title="James A. Goodson">James A. Goodson</a> <small>(15)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Foy" title="Robert W. Foy">Robert W. Foy</a> <small>(15)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_K._Hofer" title="Ralph K. Hofer">Ralph K. Hofer</a> <small>(15)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_F._Homer" title="Cyril F. Homer">Cyril F. Homer</a> <small>(15)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_L._Spears" title="Harold L. Spears">Harold L. Spears</a> <small>(15)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_aces_from_the_United_States" title="List of World War II aces from the United States">List of United States World War II aces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_flying_aces" title="Lists of World War II flying aces">List of top World War II aces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682197#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682197#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682197#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114918785">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/52493100">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/48804/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxmHVKmxMxwCVhVRc8pyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119159252">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80005771">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580236">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sx7mmf">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/19px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/29px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/38px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span 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.sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Joe Foss</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Joe_Foss" class="extiw" title="c:Joe Foss">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&oldid=1257254227">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Foss&oldid=1257254227</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1915_births" title="Category:1915 births">1915 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_deaths" title="Category:2003 deaths">2003 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_politicians" 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