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Boulanger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brome—Missisquoi,_February_13,_1996:_Yvon_V._Boulanger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamilton_East,_June_17,_1996:_George_Ambas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamilton_East,_June_17,_1996:_George_Ambas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hamilton East, June 17, 1996: George Ambas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamilton_East,_June_17,_1996:_George_Ambas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Independent candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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One independent candidate, <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Bernier_(Quebec_politician)" title="Gilles Bernier (Quebec politician)">Gilles Bernier</a> of <a href="/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)" title="Beauce (electoral district)">Beauce</a>, was elected. Information about other such candidates may be found here. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontario">Ontario</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ontario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nickel_Belt:_Ernie_Ashick"><a href="/wiki/Nickel_Belt_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Nickel Belt (federal electoral district)">Nickel Belt</a>: Ernie Ashick</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nickel Belt: Ernie Ashick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Ernie Ashick</b> identified as an auctioneer. He received 122 votes (0.27%), finishing seventh against <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bonin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Bonin">Ray Bonin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottawa—Vanier:_David_Talbot"><span id="Ottawa.E2.80.94Vanier:_David_Talbot"></span><a href="/wiki/Ottawa%E2%80%94Vanier_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Ottawa—Vanier (federal electoral district)">Ottawa—Vanier</a>: David Talbot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ottawa—Vanier: David Talbot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Talbot was a twenty-year-old university student at the time of the election. He served as a parliamentary page in 1992–1993, and chose to campaign for office after seeing parliamentarians vote the party line on issues they knew nothing about. He printed a number of <a href="/wiki/T-shirts" class="mw-redirect" title="T-shirts">t-shirts</a> for the campaign, which read "Listen to the voice of youth" (<i>Ottawa Citizen</i>, 19 October 1993). Talbot received 445 votes (0.92%), finishing seventh against <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> incumbent <a href="/wiki/Jean-Robert_Gauthier" title="Jean-Robert Gauthier">Jean-Robert Gauthier</a>. He returned to his studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa" title="University of Ottawa">University of Ottawa</a> after the campaign (<i>Ottawa Citizen</i>, 24 June 1994), and was an organizer for the Students' Federation of the University of Ottawa (SFUO) (<i>Citizen</i>, 22 November 1994). </p><p>Talbot subsequently joined the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party of Canada</a>, and ran for the party's nomination for a 1995 <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> in Ottawa—Vanier. He lost to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francoise_Guenette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francoise Guenette (page does not exist)">Francoise Guenette</a> (<i>Citizen</i>, 15 February 1995). He later worked as a communications specialist for party leader <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a> (<i>Citizen</i>, 12 March 1998) and a press aide for Charest's interim successor, <a href="/wiki/Elsie_Wayne" title="Elsie Wayne">Elsie Wayne</a> (<i>Montreal Gazette</i>, 8 August 1998). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parry_Sound-Muskoka:_John_Farr"><a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound%E2%80%94Muskoka_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Parry Sound—Muskoka (federal electoral district)">Parry Sound-Muskoka</a>: John Farr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parry Sound-Muskoka: John Farr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>John Farr</b> is a paralegal and freelance title searcher based in <a href="/wiki/Bracebridge,_Ontario" title="Bracebridge, Ontario">Bracebridge, Ontario</a>. He was once a lawyer based in <a href="/wiki/Orillia,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Orillia, Ontario">Orillia</a>, but was disbarred in 1982 after having been found to have misappropriated funds. He acknowledged his past in a 2010 municipal campaign, saying that these events occurred many years ago and had no bearing on his current activities.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farr ran for the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> as an independent candidate in 1993, for the mayoralty of Bracebridge in 1994, and for the Bracebridge town council in 2006 and 2010. On each occasion, he finished well behind the victorious candidate. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="800"> <caption><b>Electoral record</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">Election </th> <th align="left">Division </th> <th align="left">Party </th> <th align="right">Votes </th> <th align="right">% </th> <th align="center">Place </th> <th align="center">Winner </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 federal</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound%E2%80%94Muskoka_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Parry Sound—Muskoka (federal electoral district)">Parry Sound-Muskoka</a> </td> <td align="left">Independent </td> <td align="right">181 </td> <td align="right">0.39 </td> <td align="center">7/8 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Mitchell_(politician)" title="Andy Mitchell (politician)">Andy Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1994 Bracebridge municipal </td> <td align="left">Mayor of Bracebridge </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="right">92 </td> <td align="right">6/6 </td> <td align="center">1.78 </td> <td align="left">Russ Black </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2006 Bracebridge municipal </td> <td align="left">Councillor, Muskoka North/Monck </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="right">185 </td> <td align="right">10.53 </td> <td align="center">4/4 </td> <td align="left">Edith Nichols </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_Bracebridge_municipal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 Bracebridge municipal election (page does not exist)">2010 Bracebridge municipal</a> </td> <td align="left">Councillor, Muskoka North/Monck </td> <td align="left">n/a </td> <td align="right">157 </td> <td align="right">7.67 </td> <td align="center">5/5 </td> <td align="left">Mark Quemby </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Sources: Thirty-fifth General Election, 1993: Official Voting Results, Published by the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada; Official results from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930231946/http://www.bracebridge.ca/images/stories/docs/Admin-Docs/Municipal_Elections/Election_Results_-_1994.pdf">1994</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001051906/http://www.bracebridge.ca/images/stories/docs/Admin-Docs/Municipal_Elections/Election_Results_-_2006.pdf">2006</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930163805/http://www.bracebridge.ca/images/stories/docs/Admin-Docs/Municipal_Elections/Election_Results_-_2010.pdf">2010</a>, City of Bracebridge.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alberta"><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alberta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calgary_Southwest:_Miel_S.R._Gabriel"><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Southwest" title="Calgary Southwest">Calgary Southwest</a>: Miel S.R. Gabriel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Calgary Southwest: Miel S.R. Gabriel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gabriel is a civil engineer, and owned a catering business at the time of the election.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He formed a group called "Canada in a New Century" in 1992 to oppose the <a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Accord" title="Charlottetown Accord">Charlottetown Accord</a>, and unsuccessfully sought the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party</a> nomination for <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Northeast" title="Calgary Northeast">Calgary Northeast</a> in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was forty-four years old in 1993. </p><p>He campaigned for the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Alberta" title="Legislative Assembly of Alberta">Legislative Assembly of Alberta</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1993_Alberta_general_election" title="1993 Alberta general election">1993 provincial election</a>, running as an independent candidate against <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Alberta" title="Premier of Alberta">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Klein" title="Ralph Klein">Ralph Klein</a>. His candidacy centred on a "contract" which he encouraged all <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Legislative Assembly">MLAs</a> to sign, promising cuts to government expenditures and to the salaries and pensions of elected officials. Signatories were also pledged to resign if they violated the terms of the agreement. It does not appear that any elected officials chose to sign the contract <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gabriel campaigned for the <a href="/wiki/Calgary_City_Council" title="Calgary City Council">Calgary City Council</a> later in 1993. He finished eighth out of nine candidates in Calgary Southwest in the 1993 federal election, losing to Reform Party leader <a href="/wiki/Preston_Manning" title="Preston Manning">Preston Manning</a>. </p><p>He later challenged <a href="/wiki/Al_Duerr" title="Al Duerr">Al Duerr</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Calgary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Calgary">Mayor of Calgary</a> in 1995, promising to take a 50% pay cut in his first year and to encourage more popular participation in government.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, he had changed the name of his political advocacy organization to the Canada Modern Empire Strategic Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He refused to use campaign signs in this election, commenting "I'll have no election signs on the streets. Pollution is not part of my religion".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also called for the city to distribute money to companies on the condition that it be used to create jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="800"> <caption><b>Electoral record</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">Election </th> <th align="left">Division </th> <th align="left">Party </th> <th align="right">Votes </th> <th align="right">% </th> <th align="center">Place </th> <th align="center">Winner </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1993_Alberta_general_election" title="1993 Alberta general election">1993 provincial</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Calgary-Elbow" title="Calgary-Elbow">Calgary-Elbow</a> </td> <td align="left">Ind. </td> <td align="right">101 </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center">5/6 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Klein" title="Ralph Klein">Ralph Klein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta">Progressive Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Calgary municipal by-election, 20 September 1993 </td> <td align="left">Council Ward 5 </td> <td align="left">- </td> <td align="right"><i>11</i> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center">23/23 </td> <td align="left">Ray Jones </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 federal</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Southwest" title="Calgary Southwest">Calgary Southwest</a> </td> <td align="left">- </td> <td align="right">57 </td> <td align="right">0.08 </td> <td align="center">8/9 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Preston_Manning" title="Preston Manning">Preston Manning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Calgary_municipal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Calgary municipal election (page does not exist)">1995 Calgary municipal</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Calgary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Calgary">Mayor</a> </td> <td align="left">- </td> <td align="right"><i>1,137</i> </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center">5/7 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Al_Duerr" title="Al Duerr">Al Duerr</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 1993 municipal results are taken from the <i>Calgary Herald</i>, 21 September 1993, B1, and the 1995 results are taken from the <i>Calgary Herald</i>, 17 October 1995, A1. Italicized numbers are unofficial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates_in_subsequent_by-elections">Candidates in subsequent by-elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Candidates in subsequent by-elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brome—Missisquoi,_February_13,_1996:_Yvon_V._Boulanger"><span id="Brome.E2.80.94Missisquoi.2C_February_13.2C_1996:_Yvon_V._Boulanger"></span><a href="/wiki/Brome%E2%80%94Missisquoi_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Brome—Missisquoi (federal electoral district)">Brome—Missisquoi</a>, February 13, 1996: Yvon V. Boulanger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Brome—Missisquoi, February 13, 1996: Yvon V. Boulanger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Yvon V. Boulanger</b> identified as a manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received 107 votes (0.29%), finishing seventh against <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Denis_Paradis" title="Denis Paradis">Denis Paradis</a>. There was a <a href="/wiki/Union_Nationale_(Quebec)" title="Union Nationale (Quebec)">Union Nationale</a> candidate named Yvon Boulanger in the <a href="/wiki/1981_Quebec_general_election" title="1981 Quebec general election">1981 Quebec provincial election</a>, but it is not clear if this was the same person. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamilton_East,_June_17,_1996:_George_Ambas"><span id="Hamilton_East.2C_June_17.2C_1996:_George_Ambas"></span><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Hamilton East (federal electoral district)">Hamilton East</a>, June 17, 1996: George Ambas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hamilton East, June 17, 1996: George Ambas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>George Ambas</b> was an entrepreneur in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a>. During the 1990s, he operated a footwear store on King Street East.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became politically active in 1995, after his brother Louis was killed by a seventeen-year-old offender at another of the family's stores in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and a third brother, Tom Ambas, started a national petition calling for reforms to Canada's <a href="/wiki/Young_Offenders_Act" title="Young Offenders Act">Young Offenders Act</a>, such that youths accused of murder would be publicly identified and tried and sentenced as adults.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, Ambas ran as an independent candidate against prominent national politician <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Copps" title="Sheila Copps">Sheila Copps</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Hamilton East (federal electoral district)">Hamilton East</a> by-election. His campaign was centered on the Young Offenders Act.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was quoted as saying, "I am not a heartless human being — I am all for extra spending on prevention and everything that goes with that. But I'm also for real punishment for those few who rape, murder and commit armed robbery."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ambas also indicated that he never contemplated running for public office before his brother's death and had always voted for the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He received 160 votes (0.60%), finishing sixth in a field of thirteen candidates, and returned to private life after this time. His brother Tom later ran in <a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Southwest_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Scarborough Southwest (federal electoral district)">Scarborough Southwest</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party</a> candidate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121206025556/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/HFER/hfer.asp?Language=E&Search=Cresdetail&Election=8550">History of Federal Ridings since 1867 (Nickel Belt: 1993/10/25)</a>, Parliament of Canada], accessed 17 February 2009. Please note that the final results on this page are incorrect, and that the correct results may be found in <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a>'s election report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cottagecountrynow.ca/news/elections/article/870678--paralegal-enters-the-race-in-monck-muskoka-north">Matt Driscoll, "Paralegal enters the race in Monck/Muskoka North"</a>, <i>Cottage Country Now</i>, 8 September 2010, accessed 18 January 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Candidates - Calgary-Elbow", <i>Calgary Herald</i>, 31 May 1993, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Cunningham, "Sparrow passes on debate for chance to chat with media", <i>Calgary Herald</i>, 22 September 1993, A8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Armstrong, "Tale of Two Elbows", 31 May 1993, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monte Stewart, "First challenger for Duerr steps forward", <i>Calgary Herald</i>, 13 September 1995, B3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Correction", <i>Calgary Herald</i>, 14 September 1995, A2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ron Collins, "Mayoralty candidates are diverse", <i>Calgary Herald</i>, 19 September 1995, B1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon Jaremko, "Mayor defends need for election fund-raising", <i>Calgary Herald</i>, 8 October 1995, A3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/HFER/hfer.asp?Language=E&Search=Cresdetail&Election=8749">History of Federal Ridings since 1867, "BROME--MISSISQUOI (1995/02/13) (By-Election)"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>, accessed 8 December 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wade Hemsworth, "These boots were made for soakin'", <i>Hamilton Spectator</i>, 24 September 1992, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A grieving brother tries to change the law", <i>Hamilton Spectator</i>, 5 August 1995, p. A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Dexter, "Family's petition is gaining support", <i>Toronto Star</i>, 17 August 1995, p. NY2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Denise Davy, "13 battle for Hamilton East: The environment, gay rights and GST among issues debated by candidates", <i>Hamilton East</i>, 23 May 1996, D5; Lee Prokaska, "Copps in candidates' hot seat", <i>Hamilton Spectator</i>, 4 June 1996, p. C3. Ambas also said that he would work to eliminate the country's <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goods and Services Tax (Canada)">Goods and Services Tax</a> if elected.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee Prokaska And Jim Poling, "The baker's dozen byelection", <i>Hamilton Spectator</i>, 7 June 1996, B2. This article identifies Ambas as having been forty-two years old at the time of the by-election.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Ambas, "Put aside loyalties and vote for justice", <i>Hamilton Spectator</i>, 11 June 1996, A6.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1993_Canadian_federal_election_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_1993A" title="Template:Canadian federal election, 1993A"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_federal_election,_1993A" title="Template talk:Canadian federal election, 1993A"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_1993A" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian federal election, 1993A"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1993_Canadian_federal_election_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Independent_candidates_in_the_1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="Independent candidates in the 1988 Canadian federal election">←</a>   <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 Canadian federal election</a>   <a href="/wiki/Independent_candidates_in_the_1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="Independent candidates in the 1997 Canadian federal election">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Outgoing: <a href="/wiki/34th_Canadian_Parliament" title="34th Canadian Parliament">Progressive Conservative majority</a></li> <li>Result: <a href="/wiki/35th_Canadian_Parliament" title="35th Canadian Parliament">Liberal majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionist_Party_of_Canada" title="Abolitionist Party of Canada">Abolitionist</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Turmel" title="John Turmel">John Turmel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abolitionist_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Abolitionist Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Lucien Bouchard</a>)</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Party" title="Canada Party">Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thauberger" title="Joseph Thauberger">Joseph Thauberger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_Party_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Canada Party candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heather_Stilwell" title="Heather Stilwell">Heather Stilwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Commonwealth_of_Canada" title="Party for the Commonwealth of Canada">Commonwealth</a> (Gilles Gervais, <a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Commonwealth_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Party for the Commonwealth of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chris_Lea" title="Chris Lea">Chris Lea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Green Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independent candidates</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada" title="Libertarian Party of Canada">Libertarian</a> (Hilliard Cox, <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Libertarian Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hardial_Bains" title="Hardial Bains">Hardial Bains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Canada" title="National Party of Canada">National</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mel_Hurtig" title="Mel Hurtig">Mel Hurtig</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="National Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_of_Canada" title="Natural Law Party of Canada">Natural Law</a> (Neil Paterson, <a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Natural Law Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democrats</a> (<a href="/wiki/Audrey_McLaughlin" title="Audrey McLaughlin">Audrey McLaughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a> (<a href="/wiki/Preston_Manning" title="Preston Manning">Preston Manning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Reform Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</b></li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Bold</b> indicates parties with members elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>.</span> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1993_Chr%C3%A9tien_attack_ad" title="1993 Chrétien attack ad">1993 Chrétien attack ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_stood_down_at_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="List of MPs who stood down at the 1993 Canadian federal election">MPs who stood down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_lost_their_seat_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="List of MPs who lost their seat in the 1993 Canadian federal election">MPs who lost their seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Results of the 1993 Canadian federal election">Results overview</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Results_of_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Results of the 1993 Canadian federal election by riding (page does not exist)">Results by riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 1993 Canadian federal election">Opinion polling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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