CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>International Political Economy Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="oFwjTRnW5_wmFLPkORgPJn1x6HYNEwWDBtcSX3hcVvPqpHdp41BP4YPaBV7S1NhSFNRu7yqWm4RqzNJiYoz4pg" /> <link href="/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?after=50%2C37036608" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View International Political Economy Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1e60a92a442ff83025cbe4f252857ee7c49c0bbe'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14008,"monthly_visitors":"107 million","monthly_visitor_count":107440917,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":107,"user_count":283755332,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740563382000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740563382000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-63c3b84e278fb86e50772ccc2ac0281a0f74ac7e2f88741ecad58131583d4c47.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-85b27a68dc793256271cea8ce6f178025923f9e7e3c7450780e59eacecf59a75.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">International Political Economy</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">206,795 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>International Political Economy</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/International_Political_Economy">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11684665" data-work_id="11684665" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11684665/Tariff_Escalation_and_Preferences_in_International_Fish_Production_and_Trade">Tariff Escalation and Preferences in International Fish Production and Trade</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper reviews recent literature on the effects of tariff liberalization on wild caught fish product production structures, development outcomes, and fish stocks. Using the case of canned tuna, the report shows that tariff regimes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11684665" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper reviews recent literature on the effects of tariff liberalization on wild caught fish product production structures, development outcomes, and fish stocks. Using the case of canned tuna, the report shows that tariff regimes clearly influence the location of production and processing activities, thereby shaping the international division of labour. While trade measures clearly have significant implications for developing countries, the report finds that the impact of trade preferences and tariff liberalization cannot be adequately understood without taking into consideration the particular characteristics and circumstances of individual countries. Therefore, one-size-fits-all policy prescriptions based on generalized assumptions about the functioning of the world economy will not provide an adequate policy framework. The author puts forward several recommendations concerning measures that could be taken to help developing countries adapt to changes in competitiveness in the evolving trade environment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11684665" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f41253fa04b92793f32138f9929bf6c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37132690,"asset_id":11684665,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37132690/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="271958" href="https://qmul.academia.edu/LiamCampling">Liam Campling</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="271958" type="text/json">{"id":271958,"first_name":"Liam","last_name":"Campling","domain_name":"qmul","page_name":"LiamCampling","display_name":"Liam Campling","profile_url":"https://qmul.academia.edu/LiamCampling?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/271958/56499/5273344/s65_liam.campling.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11684665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11684665"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11684665, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11684665", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11684665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11684665; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11684665"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11684665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11684665"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11684665; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11684665]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11684665").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11684665").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11684665"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries">Fisheries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4711" type="text/json">{"id":4711,"name":"Fisheries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9769" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture">Sociology of Fisheries and Aquaculture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9769" type="text/json">{"id":9769,"name":"Sociology of Fisheries and Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11684665]'), work: {"id":11684665,"title":"Tariff Escalation and Preferences in International Fish Production and Trade","created_at":"2015-03-27T07:15:34.315-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11684665/Tariff_Escalation_and_Preferences_in_International_Fish_Production_and_Trade?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_11684665","summary":"This paper reviews recent literature on the effects of tariff liberalization on wild caught fish product production structures, development outcomes, and fish stocks. Using the case of canned tuna, the report shows that tariff regimes clearly influence the location of production and processing activities, thereby shaping the international division of labour. While trade measures clearly have significant implications for developing countries, the report finds that the impact of trade preferences and tariff liberalization cannot be adequately understood without taking into consideration the particular characteristics and circumstances of individual countries. Therefore, one-size-fits-all policy prescriptions based on generalized assumptions about the functioning of the world economy will not provide an adequate policy framework. The author puts forward several recommendations concerning measures that could be taken to help developing countries adapt to changes in competitiveness in the evolving trade environment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37132690,"asset_id":11684665,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":271958,"first_name":"Liam","last_name":"Campling","domain_name":"qmul","page_name":"LiamCampling","display_name":"Liam Campling","profile_url":"https://qmul.academia.edu/LiamCampling?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/271958/56499/5273344/s65_liam.campling.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":4711,"name":"Fisheries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":9769,"name":"Sociology of Fisheries and Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":41407,"name":"Marine and Fisheries Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_and_Fisheries_Policy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39091259" data-work_id="39091259" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39091259/Miroslav_Nov%C3%A1k_ed_%C3%9Avod_do_studia_politiky_2_vyd%C3%A1n%C3%AD_s_2_nov%C3%BDmi_kapitolami_SLON_Praha_2019_925_s">Miroslav Novák ed. Úvod do studia politiky, 2. vydání s 2 novými kapitolami, SLON, Praha 2019, 925 s.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Úvod do studia politiky Miroslav Novák et al. Tato učebnice je určena zejména vysokoškolským studentům sociálních a humanitních věd bakalářského a magisterského stupně. Jde o práci kolektivní a svým pojetím i rozsahem v českém prostředí... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39091259" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Úvod do studia politiky Miroslav Novák et al. Tato učebnice je určena zejména vysokoškolským studentům sociálních a humanitních věd bakalářského a magisterského stupně. Jde o práci kolektivní a svým pojetím i rozsahem v českém prostředí ojedinělou. Je rozdělena do čtyř částí. V první části je politika vykládána očima nejrůznějších disciplín-od politologie přes filosofii, psychologii, antropologii, právo, geografii a ekonomii až po his-torii. Obsahem druhé části jsou úvody do vybraných subdisciplín politické vědy, jako je komparativní politologie, teorie mezinárod-ních vztahů a správní věda. Ve třetí části jsou zpracovány úvody do kvantitativních a kvalitativních metod v politické vědě, včetně tzv. kvalitativní srovnávací analýzy. Čtvrtá část pak pojednává o někte-rých velkých tématech politiky, jako jsou stranické a volební systémy, národy a nacionalismus nebo demokracie a nedemokratické režimy. Učebnice tvoří vnitřně propojený celek, i když se názory, pojetí nebo hodnocení autorů jednotlivých kapitol od sebe mohou poněkud lišit.-Kdy vznikla politická věda?-Jaké další disciplíny se zabývají politikou?-Jaký je vztah mezi politickou vědou a politickou sociologií?-Proč se v češtině více ujal výraz "politologie" než "politická věda"?-Co je politika? Jaký je vztah mezi politikou a mocí?-Je řadový občan v politice kompetentní?-Jak nám analýza stranického systému pomáhá pochopit mo-derní politické režimy?-Co je předmětem komparativní politologie? Jaké metody pou-žívá?-V čem spočívá rozdíl mezi komparativní politologií a teorií mezi-národních vztahů?-Čím se vyznačuje dobrá veřejná správa? Rozsáhlý autorský tým pod vedením Miroslava Nováka tvoří čeští odborníci nejrůznějších generací z mnoha akademických pracovišť. vydání druhé, rozšířené a doplněné o 2 nové kapitoly.  Doporučená cena 749 Kč</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39091259" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="791af327b91ca746186345a742473648" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59209017,"asset_id":39091259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59209017/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32899638" href="https://cevroinsitut.academia.edu/Novak">Miroslav Novak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32899638" type="text/json">{"id":32899638,"first_name":"Miroslav","last_name":"Novak","domain_name":"cevroinsitut","page_name":"Novak","display_name":"Miroslav Novak","profile_url":"https://cevroinsitut.academia.edu/Novak?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32899638/11158447/12452202/s65_miroslav.novak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39091259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39091259"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39091259, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39091259", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39091259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39091259; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39091259"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39091259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39091259"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39091259; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39091259]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39091259").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39091259").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39091259"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="796" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics">Comparative Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="796" type="text/json">{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1166" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory">International Relations Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1166" type="text/json">{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39091259]'), work: {"id":39091259,"title":"Miroslav Novák ed. Úvod do studia politiky, 2. vydání s 2 novými kapitolami, SLON, Praha 2019, 925 s.","created_at":"2019-05-10T23:30:35.848-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39091259/Miroslav_Nov%C3%A1k_ed_%C3%9Avod_do_studia_politiky_2_vyd%C3%A1n%C3%AD_s_2_nov%C3%BDmi_kapitolami_SLON_Praha_2019_925_s?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_39091259","summary":"Úvod do studia politiky Miroslav Novák et al. Tato učebnice je určena zejména vysokoškolským studentům sociálních a humanitních věd bakalářského a magisterského stupně. Jde o práci kolektivní a svým pojetím i rozsahem v českém prostředí ojedinělou. Je rozdělena do čtyř částí. V první části je politika vykládána očima nejrůznějších disciplín-od politologie přes filosofii, psychologii, antropologii, právo, geografii a ekonomii až po his-torii. Obsahem druhé části jsou úvody do vybraných subdisciplín politické vědy, jako je komparativní politologie, teorie mezinárod-ních vztahů a správní věda. Ve třetí části jsou zpracovány úvody do kvantitativních a kvalitativních metod v politické vědě, včetně tzv. kvalitativní srovnávací analýzy. Čtvrtá část pak pojednává o někte-rých velkých tématech politiky, jako jsou stranické a volební systémy, národy a nacionalismus nebo demokracie a nedemokratické režimy. Učebnice tvoří vnitřně propojený celek, i když se názory, pojetí nebo hodnocení autorů jednotlivých kapitol od sebe mohou poněkud lišit.-Kdy vznikla politická věda?-Jaké další disciplíny se zabývají politikou?-Jaký je vztah mezi politickou vědou a politickou sociologií?-Proč se v češtině více ujal výraz \"politologie\" než \"politická věda\"?-Co je politika? Jaký je vztah mezi politikou a mocí?-Je řadový občan v politice kompetentní?-Jak nám analýza stranického systému pomáhá pochopit mo-derní politické režimy?-Co je předmětem komparativní politologie? Jaké metody pou-žívá?-V čem spočívá rozdíl mezi komparativní politologií a teorií mezi-národních vztahů?-Čím se vyznačuje dobrá veřejná správa? Rozsáhlý autorský tým pod vedením Miroslava Nováka tvoří čeští odborníci nejrůznějších generací z mnoha akademických pracovišť. vydání druhé, rozšířené a doplněné o 2 nové kapitoly. Doporučená cena 749 Kč","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59209017,"asset_id":39091259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32899638,"first_name":"Miroslav","last_name":"Novak","domain_name":"cevroinsitut","page_name":"Novak","display_name":"Miroslav Novak","profile_url":"https://cevroinsitut.academia.edu/Novak?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32899638/11158447/12452202/s65_miroslav.novak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19030,"name":"Political Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":22547,"name":"Social and Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":257285,"name":"Social and political science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_political_science?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25528145" data-work_id="25528145" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25528145/The_political_economy_of_food_banks_MSc_Dissertation_">The political economy of food banks (MSc Dissertation)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The welfare state continues to be eroded in the Global North. In Canada and the U.S., food banks are now one of the only systems of relief available. But in both countries, critics have accused food banks of being apolitical and thus... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25528145" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The welfare state continues to be eroded in the Global North. In Canada and the U.S., food banks are now one of the only systems of relief available. But in both countries, critics have accused food banks of being apolitical and thus taking away government responsibility to address inequality. The rise of food banks has been linked to the decline of the welfare state, leading to an assumption that an increase in public assistance can end the need for food banks. Yet little research exists that examines how other institutions such as the food industry drove food bank growth, or how food banks are politically active. The history of food banks in Canada presents an informative case study because the state was not directly involved in establishing food banks, thus allowing greater insight into the role of industry in the institutionalization of food banks and their political activity. Using environmental institutions and political ecology frameworks we conducted a literature review and interviews of experts, as well as a case study of one food bank. Our findings suggest that the factors leading to the existence of food banks cannot only be linked to cuts in welfare; rather, the influence of industrial decline and centralization of the food industry must also be taken into account, as well as social movements and the policy gap around food waste. Food banks can be political, using available resources as ‘fuel’ to challenge government failure. The case of Canadian food banks indicates that, to address inequality and food insecurity in the Global North, researchers and policy-makers should not only focus on welfare but need to tackle the cost-shifting practices of the food industry and work toward joined-up and nested food policy institutions. Further, food banks, or organizations that look like them, can help address rising food insecurity if they are provided with sufficient legal, political, and financial support.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25528145" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b6b42eadfe9fbce8a12aa2b277065f30" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45855664,"asset_id":25528145,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45855664/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19388857" href="https://birkbeck.academia.edu/AaronVansintjan">Aaron Vansintjan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19388857" type="text/json">{"id":19388857,"first_name":"Aaron","last_name":"Vansintjan","domain_name":"birkbeck","page_name":"AaronVansintjan","display_name":"Aaron Vansintjan","profile_url":"https://birkbeck.academia.edu/AaronVansintjan?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19388857/5393943/20299389/s65_aaron.vansintjan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25528145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25528145"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25528145, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25528145", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25528145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25528145; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25528145"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25528145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25528145"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25528145; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25528145]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25528145").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25528145").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25528145"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="750" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Economics">Institutional Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="750" type="text/json">{"id":750,"name":"Institutional Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2727" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welfare_State">Welfare State</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2727" type="text/json">{"id":2727,"name":"Welfare State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welfare_State?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2891" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commons">Commons</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2891" type="text/json">{"id":2891,"name":"Commons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commons?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25528145]'), work: {"id":25528145,"title":"The political economy of food banks (MSc Dissertation)","created_at":"2016-05-22T07:58:39.388-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25528145/The_political_economy_of_food_banks_MSc_Dissertation_?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_25528145","summary":"The welfare state continues to be eroded in the Global North. In Canada and the U.S., food banks are now one of the only systems of relief available. But in both countries, critics have accused food banks of being apolitical and thus taking away government responsibility to address inequality. The rise of food banks has been linked to the decline of the welfare state, leading to an assumption that an increase in public assistance can end the need for food banks. Yet little research exists that examines how other institutions such as the food industry drove food bank growth, or how food banks are politically active. The history of food banks in Canada presents an informative case study because the state was not directly involved in establishing food banks, thus allowing greater insight into the role of industry in the institutionalization of food banks and their political activity. Using environmental institutions and political ecology frameworks we conducted a literature review and interviews of experts, as well as a case study of one food bank. Our findings suggest that the factors leading to the existence of food banks cannot only be linked to cuts in welfare; rather, the influence of industrial decline and centralization of the food industry must also be taken into account, as well as social movements and the policy gap around food waste. Food banks can be political, using available resources as ‘fuel’ to challenge government failure. The case of Canadian food banks indicates that, to address inequality and food insecurity in the Global North, researchers and policy-makers should not only focus on welfare but need to tackle the cost-shifting practices of the food industry and work toward joined-up and nested food policy institutions. Further, food banks, or organizations that look like them, can help address rising food insecurity if they are provided with sufficient legal, political, and financial support. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45855664,"asset_id":25528145,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19388857,"first_name":"Aaron","last_name":"Vansintjan","domain_name":"birkbeck","page_name":"AaronVansintjan","display_name":"Aaron Vansintjan","profile_url":"https://birkbeck.academia.edu/AaronVansintjan?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19388857/5393943/20299389/s65_aaron.vansintjan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":750,"name":"Institutional Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":2727,"name":"Welfare State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welfare_State?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":2891,"name":"Commons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commons?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3540,"name":"Food Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4011,"name":"Ecological Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=6276"},{"id":61981,"name":"Food Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Waste?f_ri=6276"},{"id":333858,"name":"Urban Commons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Commons?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1676730,"name":"Food banks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_banks?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28561178" data-work_id="28561178" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28561178/IDS_4002_The_Development_of_Development">IDS 4002: The Development of Development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Development is a complicated word. In its most benign form, everyone can agree that babies should not die from malnourishment or preventable disease. In its more contentious form, development can be understood as a discursive taxonomy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28561178" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Development is a complicated word. In its most benign form, everyone can agree that babies should not die from malnourishment or preventable disease. In its more contentious form, development can be understood as a discursive taxonomy and hierarchy of states and ways of knowing the world that manifests as neo-imperialism. In this seminar, we consider how the modern notion of " development " as a contested discourse and practice came into existence. In particular, we will seek to better our understanding of how the colonial encounter in different parts of the world created the empirical and conceptual conditions, categories, and relations out of which the idea of modern development has emerged. We will consider the evolving colonial idea of "improvement " as it applied to peoples, places, and cosmologies, reading primary and secondary texts that will offer students of International Development Studies a strong intellectual foundation in the study and practice of "development."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28561178" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="461a36f109a0f49632265b77934321d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48917514,"asset_id":28561178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48917514/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="352643" href="https://dal.academia.edu/AjayParasram">Ajay Parasram</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="352643" type="text/json">{"id":352643,"first_name":"Ajay","last_name":"Parasram","domain_name":"dal","page_name":"AjayParasram","display_name":"Ajay Parasram","profile_url":"https://dal.academia.edu/AjayParasram?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/352643/94664/11746740/s65_ajay.parasram.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28561178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28561178"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28561178, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28561178", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28561178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28561178; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28561178"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28561178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28561178"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28561178; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28561178]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28561178").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28561178").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28561178"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development">International Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2585" type="text/json">{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies">Postcolonial Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2860" type="text/json">{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28561178]'), work: {"id":28561178,"title":"IDS 4002: The Development of Development","created_at":"2016-09-17T15:07:33.430-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28561178/IDS_4002_The_Development_of_Development?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_28561178","summary":" Development is a complicated word. In its most benign form, everyone can agree that babies should not die from malnourishment or preventable disease. In its more contentious form, development can be understood as a discursive taxonomy and hierarchy of states and ways of knowing the world that manifests as neo-imperialism. In this seminar, we consider how the modern notion of \" development \" as a contested discourse and practice came into existence. In particular, we will seek to better our understanding of how the colonial encounter in different parts of the world created the empirical and conceptual conditions, categories, and relations out of which the idea of modern development has emerged. We will consider the evolving colonial idea of \"improvement \" as it applied to peoples, places, and cosmologies, reading primary and secondary texts that will offer students of International Development Studies a strong intellectual foundation in the study and practice of \"development.\" ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48917514,"asset_id":28561178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":352643,"first_name":"Ajay","last_name":"Parasram","domain_name":"dal","page_name":"AjayParasram","display_name":"Ajay Parasram","profile_url":"https://dal.academia.edu/AjayParasram?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/352643/94664/11746740/s65_ajay.parasram.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8278287" data-work_id="8278287" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8278287/Para_un_hidr%C3%B3geno_verde_Y_cooperativo_Queremos_las_WaMs_">Para un hidrógeno verde Y “cooperativo” - ¡Queremos las WaMs!</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">¿Un hidrógeno verde Y “cooperativo”? Hoy día el hidrógeno está casi siempre rojo sangre como el oro negro, o fluorescente come la energía nuclear, pero siempre está en manos de multinacionales que dicen ser verdes.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8278287" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19afc652dccb61778c8de834d9bf5bda" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85416033,"asset_id":8278287,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85416033/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14874675" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeanSantilli">Jean Santilli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14874675" type="text/json">{"id":14874675,"first_name":"Jean","last_name":"Santilli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanSantilli","display_name":"Jean Santilli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanSantilli?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14874675/4071336/4748242/s65_jean.santilli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8278287 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8278287"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8278287, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8278287", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8278287 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8278287; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8278287"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8278287 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8278287"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8278287; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8278287]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8278287").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8278287").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8278287"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuel_Cell_Engineering">Fuel Cell Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5594" type="text/json">{"id":5594,"name":"Fuel Cell Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuel_Cell_Engineering?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8278287]'), work: {"id":8278287,"title":"Para un hidrógeno verde Y “cooperativo” - ¡Queremos las WaMs!","created_at":"2014-09-10T16:04:14.623-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8278287/Para_un_hidr%C3%B3geno_verde_Y_cooperativo_Queremos_las_WaMs_?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_8278287","summary":"¿Un hidrógeno verde Y “cooperativo”? Hoy día el hidrógeno está casi siempre rojo sangre como el oro negro, o fluorescente come la energía nuclear, pero siempre está en manos de multinacionales que dicen ser verdes. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85416033,"asset_id":8278287,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14874675,"first_name":"Jean","last_name":"Santilli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanSantilli","display_name":"Jean Santilli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanSantilli?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14874675/4071336/4748242/s65_jean.santilli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":5594,"name":"Fuel Cell Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuel_Cell_Engineering?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":27303,"name":"Fuel Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuel_Cell?f_ri=6276"},{"id":28631,"name":"Renewable Energy Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy_Systems?f_ri=6276"},{"id":98581,"name":"Renewable Energy Systems and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy_Systems_and_Technology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":118287,"name":"Automobile Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobile_Engineering?f_ri=6276"},{"id":123916,"name":"Consciousness, Paradigm Shifts, and Whole Systems Transformational Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Paradigm_Shifts_and_Whole_Systems_Transformational_Change?f_ri=6276"},{"id":191552,"name":"Fuel cell technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuel_cell_technology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":222732,"name":"Automobile Manufacturing Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobile_Manufacturing_Industry?f_ri=6276"},{"id":283364,"name":"Innovation in Automobile technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innovation_in_Automobile_technology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":399288,"name":"Energy transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_transition?f_ri=6276"},{"id":647915,"name":"The role of civil society in influencing policy towards transition to a Green Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_role_of_civil_society_in_influencing_policy_towards_transition_to_a_Green_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":873221,"name":"Transition Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transition_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":914236,"name":"Energy Technology and Renewable Energy Fuel Cell Automobile Powerplants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Technology_and_Renewable_Energy_Fuel_Cell_Automobile_Powerplants?f_ri=6276"},{"id":939200,"name":"Hydrogen Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1161753,"name":"Tegnologia Del Hidrogeno","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tegnologia_Del_Hidrogeno?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1548418,"name":"Transición energética","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transicion_energetica?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40746077 coauthored" data-work_id="40746077" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40746077/_SPECIAL_ISSUE_INTRO_ESSAY_Globalization_Privatization_Marginalization_Mapping_and_Assessing_Connections_and_Consequences_in_through_Education">[SPECIAL ISSUE INTRO ESSAY] Globalization, Privatization, Marginalization: Mapping and Assessing Connections and Consequences in/through Education</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This special issue brings together scholars who are working on new aspects of the intersection and implications of globalization, privatization, and marginalization. While globalization's relationship to education has been of great... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40746077" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This special issue brings together scholars who are working on new aspects of the intersection and implications of globalization, privatization, and marginalization. While globalization's relationship to education has been of great interest to scholars (e.g., Dale, 1999; Green, 1997; Rizvi & Lingard, 2009; Steiner-Khamsi, 2004; Verger, Novelli, & Kosar-Altinyelken, 2018). While the relationship between globalization and various forms of privatization has received significant attention (e.g., Adamson, Astrand, & Darling-Hammond, 2016; Ball, 2009, 2012; Carnoy, 1999; Mohamed & Morris, 2019; Robertson, Mundy, Verger, & Menashy, 2012; Verger, Lubienski, & Steiner-Khamsi, 2016), we seek to extend scholarship in these areas by examining the current connections and continuing consequences of both globalization and privatization for marginalization in/through education, as well as the ways in which the latter (marginalization) creates opportunities for the former (globalization and privatization). Exploring the relationships among globalization, privatization, and marginalization is vitally important for scholars not only because they are related in multiple yet, we argue, insufficiently understood ways, but also because their relations have real consequences for education policy and practice and for the exacerbation of marginalization itself in and through education. As the introductory essay for the special issue, this article (a) presents a framework for understanding the connections among globalization, privatization, and marginalization in relation to education; (b) distills, visually presents, and expands upon the dialectical connections evident “in” and “through” the cases that make up the special issue; and (c) emphasizes a number of lessons for the globalization-privatization-marginalization nexus.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40746077" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a641dc8715aa23e9e7a9effad4c6e1fa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61027449,"asset_id":40746077,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61027449/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5732334" href="https://manoa-hawaii.academia.edu/DBrentEdwardsJr">D. Brent Edwards Jr.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5732334" type="text/json">{"id":5732334,"first_name":"D. Brent","last_name":"Edwards Jr.","domain_name":"manoa-hawaii","page_name":"DBrentEdwardsJr","display_name":"D. Brent Edwards Jr.","profile_url":"https://manoa-hawaii.academia.edu/DBrentEdwardsJr?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5732334/2484502/2886235/s65_brent.edwards.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40746077">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40746077"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://manoa-hawaii.academia.edu/AlexanderMeans">Alexander Means</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40746077'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40746077').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40746077 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40746077"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40746077, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40746077", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40746077 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40746077; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40746077"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40746077 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40746077"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40746077; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40746077]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40746077").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40746077").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40746077"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1439" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization">Globalization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1439" type="text/json">{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3345" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations">International organizations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3345" type="text/json">{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40746077]'), work: {"id":40746077,"title":"[SPECIAL ISSUE INTRO ESSAY] Globalization, Privatization, Marginalization: Mapping and Assessing Connections and Consequences in/through Education","created_at":"2019-10-26T11:58:18.078-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40746077/_SPECIAL_ISSUE_INTRO_ESSAY_Globalization_Privatization_Marginalization_Mapping_and_Assessing_Connections_and_Consequences_in_through_Education?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_40746077","summary":"This special issue brings together scholars who are working on new aspects of the intersection and implications of globalization, privatization, and marginalization. While globalization's relationship to education has been of great interest to scholars (e.g., Dale, 1999; Green, 1997; Rizvi \u0026 Lingard, 2009; Steiner-Khamsi, 2004; Verger, Novelli, \u0026 Kosar-Altinyelken, 2018). While the relationship between globalization and various forms of privatization has received significant attention (e.g., Adamson, Astrand, \u0026 Darling-Hammond, 2016; Ball, 2009, 2012; Carnoy, 1999; Mohamed \u0026 Morris, 2019; Robertson, Mundy, Verger, \u0026 Menashy, 2012; Verger, Lubienski, \u0026 Steiner-Khamsi, 2016), we seek to extend scholarship in these areas by examining the current connections and continuing consequences of both globalization and privatization for marginalization in/through education, as well as the ways in which the latter (marginalization) creates opportunities for the former (globalization and privatization). Exploring the relationships among globalization, privatization, and marginalization is vitally important for scholars not only because they are related in multiple yet, we argue, insufficiently understood ways, but also because their relations have real consequences for education policy and practice and for the exacerbation of marginalization itself in and through education. As the introductory essay for the special issue, this article (a) presents a framework for understanding the connections among globalization, privatization, and marginalization in relation to education; (b) distills, visually presents, and expands upon the dialectical connections evident “in” and “through” the cases that make up the special issue; and (c) emphasizes a number of lessons for the globalization-privatization-marginalization nexus.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61027449,"asset_id":40746077,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5732334,"first_name":"D. Brent","last_name":"Edwards Jr.","domain_name":"manoa-hawaii","page_name":"DBrentEdwardsJr","display_name":"D. Brent Edwards Jr.","profile_url":"https://manoa-hawaii.academia.edu/DBrentEdwardsJr?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5732334/2484502/2886235/s65_brent.edwards.jpg"},{"id":8134591,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Means","domain_name":"manoa-hawaii","page_name":"AlexanderMeans","display_name":"Alexander Means","profile_url":"https://manoa-hawaii.academia.edu/AlexanderMeans?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8134591/2816201/27779519/s65_alexander.means.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9822,"name":"Education Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15196,"name":"Private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":20561,"name":"Charter schools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charter_schools?f_ri=6276"},{"id":46332,"name":"Public Private Partnerships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Private_Partnerships?f_ri=6276"},{"id":59641,"name":"PISA and TIMSS Result","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PISA_and_TIMSS_Result?f_ri=6276"},{"id":72075,"name":"Refugee Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":79374,"name":"School Choice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/School_Choice?f_ri=6276"},{"id":187236,"name":"Dialectics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":187416,"name":"Vouchers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vouchers?f_ri=6276"},{"id":194399,"name":"Critical Policy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Policy_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":262585,"name":"Marginalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marginalization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":603132,"name":"Private Schools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_Schools?f_ri=6276"},{"id":701740,"name":"OECD Education Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OECD_Education_Policy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24373462" data-work_id="24373462" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24373462/Towards_a_New_Political_Anatomy_of_Financial_Surveillance">Towards a 'New' Political Anatomy of Financial Surveillance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines dynamics of financial surveillance and risk-based regulation in the context of ongoing activities to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. Close analysis of the situation in the UK reveals entangled forms... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24373462" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines dynamics of financial surveillance and risk-based regulation in the context of ongoing activities to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. Close analysis of the situation in the UK reveals entangled forms of co-regulation and ultimately co-production of surveillance that challenge ‘institutional boundaries’ of the state regarding policing and intelligence practices. It is argued that ongoing transformations in the anti-money laundering field reveal a dual movement that combines forms of indirect administration with a process of ‘neoliberal bureaucratization’.The article aims to show how current policies against ‘dirty money’ still paradoxically work on the basis of heterogeneous goals and misapprehensions between ‘professionals of security’ and ‘professionals of finance’.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24373462" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b748e5a76e4b9475c283d00ab84d1ec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44705026,"asset_id":24373462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44705026/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36836266" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/AmicelleAnthony">Amicelle Anthony</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36836266" type="text/json">{"id":36836266,"first_name":"Amicelle","last_name":"Anthony","domain_name":"umontreal","page_name":"AmicelleAnthony","display_name":"Amicelle Anthony","profile_url":"https://umontreal.academia.edu/AmicelleAnthony?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24373462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24373462"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24373462, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24373462", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24373462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24373462; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24373462"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24373462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24373462"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24373462; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24373462]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24373462").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24373462").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24373462"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1694" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Compliance">Regulatory Compliance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1694" type="text/json">{"id":1694,"name":"Regulatory Compliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Compliance?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5535" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Security_Studies">Critical Security Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5535" type="text/json">{"id":5535,"name":"Critical Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Security_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24373462]'), work: {"id":24373462,"title":"Towards a 'New' Political Anatomy of Financial Surveillance","created_at":"2016-04-13T12:26:45.873-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24373462/Towards_a_New_Political_Anatomy_of_Financial_Surveillance?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_24373462","summary":"This article examines dynamics of financial surveillance and risk-based regulation in the context of ongoing activities to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. Close analysis of the situation in the UK reveals entangled forms of co-regulation and ultimately co-production of surveillance that challenge ‘institutional boundaries’ of the state regarding policing and intelligence practices. It is argued that ongoing transformations in the anti-money laundering field reveal a dual movement that combines forms of indirect administration with a process of ‘neoliberal bureaucratization’.The article aims to show how current policies against ‘dirty money’ still paradoxically work on the basis of heterogeneous goals and misapprehensions between ‘professionals of security’ and ‘professionals of finance’.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44705026,"asset_id":24373462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36836266,"first_name":"Amicelle","last_name":"Anthony","domain_name":"umontreal","page_name":"AmicelleAnthony","display_name":"Amicelle Anthony","profile_url":"https://umontreal.academia.edu/AmicelleAnthony?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1694,"name":"Regulatory Compliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Compliance?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":5535,"name":"Critical Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Security_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":7480,"name":"Surveillance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15181,"name":"Anti-money laundering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-money_laundering?f_ri=6276"},{"id":24892,"name":"Surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":46332,"name":"Public Private Partnerships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Private_Partnerships?f_ri=6276"},{"id":191169,"name":"Anti money laundering and Terrorist Financing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti_money_laundering_and_Terrorist_Financing?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7807250" data-work_id="7807250" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7807250/Meunier_Sophie_and_Jean_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Morin_2015_No_Agreement_is_an_Island_Negotiating_TTIP_in_a_Dense_Regime_Complex_in_TTIP_in_a_Multipolar_World_edited_by_J_F_Morin_T_Novotna_F_Ponjaert_and_M_Tel%C3%B2_Ashgate">Meunier, Sophie and Jean-Frédéric Morin, 2015, "No Agreement is an Island: Negotiating TTIP in a Dense Regime Complex" in TTIP in a Multipolar World (edited by J-F Morin, T. Novotna, F. Ponjaert & M. Telò) , Ashgate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7807250" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="61f88fbf631ec79c45e6fcc5db19236c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39299502,"asset_id":7807250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39299502/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="810750" href="https://ulaval.academia.edu/JeanFredericMorin">Jean-Frederic Morin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="810750" type="text/json">{"id":810750,"first_name":"Jean-Frederic","last_name":"Morin","domain_name":"ulaval","page_name":"JeanFredericMorin","display_name":"Jean-Frederic Morin","profile_url":"https://ulaval.academia.edu/JeanFredericMorin?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/810750/279525/30058295/s65_jean-frederic.morin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7807250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7807250"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7807250, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7807250", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7807250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7807250; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7807250"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7807250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7807250"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7807250; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7807250]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7807250").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7807250").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7807250"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WTO_Trade_Topics">WTO Trade Topics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11760" type="text/json">{"id":11760,"name":"WTO Trade Topics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WTO_Trade_Topics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19287" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law">International trade law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19287" type="text/json">{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7807250]'), work: {"id":7807250,"title":"Meunier, Sophie and Jean-Frédéric Morin, 2015, \"No Agreement is an Island: Negotiating TTIP in a Dense Regime Complex\" in TTIP in a Multipolar World (edited by J-F Morin, T. Novotna, F. Ponjaert \u0026 M. Telò) , Ashgate","created_at":"2014-07-28T23:13:12.478-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7807250/Meunier_Sophie_and_Jean_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Morin_2015_No_Agreement_is_an_Island_Negotiating_TTIP_in_a_Dense_Regime_Complex_in_TTIP_in_a_Multipolar_World_edited_by_J_F_Morin_T_Novotna_F_Ponjaert_and_M_Tel%C3%B2_Ashgate?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_7807250","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39299502,"asset_id":7807250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":810750,"first_name":"Jean-Frederic","last_name":"Morin","domain_name":"ulaval","page_name":"JeanFredericMorin","display_name":"Jean-Frederic Morin","profile_url":"https://ulaval.academia.edu/JeanFredericMorin?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/810750/279525/30058295/s65_jean-frederic.morin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":11760,"name":"WTO Trade Topics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WTO_Trade_Topics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":22219,"name":"International Trading System And Wto","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trading_System_And_Wto?f_ri=6276"},{"id":22313,"name":"International Economic Law - WTO \u0026 Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Economic_Law_-_WTO_and_Regionalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":22965,"name":"Political Economy of International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_International_Trade?f_ri=6276"},{"id":32014,"name":"Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51877,"name":"European Union Law, Competition Law, International Trade Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law_Competition_Law_International_Trade_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":68377,"name":"Bilateral Investment Agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bilateral_Investment_Agreements?f_ri=6276"},{"id":97103,"name":"Free trade agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_trade_agreements?f_ri=6276"},{"id":108363,"name":"Regional Trade Agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Trade_Agreements?f_ri=6276"},{"id":213230,"name":"Bilateral Investment Treaties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bilateral_Investment_Treaties?f_ri=6276"},{"id":289959,"name":"International Investment Law and Investment Treaty Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Investment_Law_and_Investment_Treaty_Arbitration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":364946,"name":"Trade agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_agreements?f_ri=6276"},{"id":389252,"name":"Trade Policy of European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Policy_of_European_Union?f_ri=6276"},{"id":410377,"name":"Foreign Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Trade?f_ri=6276"},{"id":413616,"name":"Bilateral Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bilateral_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":476367,"name":"Preferential Trade Agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preferential_Trade_Agreements?f_ri=6276"},{"id":557162,"name":"Bilateral trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bilateral_trade?f_ri=6276"},{"id":624282,"name":"Regional Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Trade?f_ri=6276"},{"id":810270,"name":"US trade policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/US_trade_policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":900620,"name":"TTIP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TTIP?f_ri=6276"},{"id":979076,"name":"WTO / INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WTO_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_LAW?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1000925,"name":"Regime Complexes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regime_Complexes?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1007522,"name":"PTAs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PTAs?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1151597,"name":"Regime Complexity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regime_Complexity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1186627,"name":"International trade agreements ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_agreements?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29989458 coauthored" data-work_id="29989458" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29989458/D%C3%BCnya_Yoksulluk_ve_E%C5%9Fitsizlik_Raporu">Dünya Yoksulluk ve Eşitsizlik Raporu</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En zengin 62 kişinin, dünyanın %50’sine tekabül eden 3,6 milyar insan ile eşit mal varlığına sahip olduğu bir dünyada yaşıyoruz. En zengin 20 ülkenin geliri, en fakir 20 ülke gelirinin tam 46 katı daha fazla. Küresel adaletsizliğin bu... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29989458" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En zengin 62 kişinin, dünyanın<br />%50’sine tekabül eden 3,6 milyar<br />insan ile eşit mal varlığına sahip olduğu<br />bir dünyada yaşıyoruz. En zengin<br />20 ülkenin geliri, en fakir 20 ülke<br />gelirinin tam 46 katı daha fazla. Küresel<br />adaletsizliğin bu kadar rahatsız<br />edici boyutlarda olması ve servetin<br />bu kadar adaletsiz paylaşımı, yoksulluk<br />gibi ciddi sosyal problemlerin<br />ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır.<br />Bu durumun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi<br />adına bu çalışmada, eşitsizliğin<br />hangi sebeplerden kaynaklandığı, sonuçlarının<br />ne olduğu ve önümüzdeki<br />yıllarda daha vahim bir tablonun ortaya<br />çıkmaması için neler yapılması<br />gerektiği ele alınacaktır.<br />Bu bağlamda, raporun ilk kısmında<br />yoksulluk ve eşitsizlik kavramlarına<br />değinilecektir. İkinci kısmında Dünya<br />Bankası, Birleşmiş Milletler (BM)<br />gibi uluslararası resmî kurumların<br />yayınladıkları veriler incelenecektir.<br />Sonrasında yoksulluk ve eşitsizliğin<br />ortaya çıkmasının nedenleri ele alınacak<br />olup, son kısımda uluslararası<br />literatürde bu sorunların aşılması<br />için önerilen uygulamalar dikkatlere<br />sunulacaktır</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29989458" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb09cdd7e9f0386c3151fc322ab5cc43" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50448652,"asset_id":29989458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50448652/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14714327" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HumanitarianandSocialResearchCenterINSAMER">Humanitarian and Social Research Center (INSAMER)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14714327" type="text/json">{"id":14714327,"first_name":"Humanitarian and Social","last_name":"Research Center (INSAMER)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HumanitarianandSocialResearchCenterINSAMER","display_name":"Humanitarian and Social Research Center (INSAMER)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HumanitarianandSocialResearchCenterINSAMER?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14714327/4033303/14353025/s65_humanitarian_and_social.research_center_insamer_.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-29989458">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-29989458"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ukim.academia.edu/EminEmin">Emin Emin</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-29989458'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-29989458').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29989458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29989458"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29989458, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29989458", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29989458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29989458; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29989458"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29989458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29989458"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29989458; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29989458]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29989458").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29989458").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29989458"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">33</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology">Economic Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="193" type="text/json">{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology">Political Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="201" type="text/json">{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29989458]'), work: {"id":29989458,"title":"Dünya Yoksulluk ve Eşitsizlik Raporu","created_at":"2016-11-20T22:45:13.576-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29989458/D%C3%BCnya_Yoksulluk_ve_E%C5%9Fitsizlik_Raporu?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_29989458","summary":"En zengin 62 kişinin, dünyanın\n%50’sine tekabül eden 3,6 milyar\ninsan ile eşit mal varlığına sahip olduğu\nbir dünyada yaşıyoruz. En zengin\n20 ülkenin geliri, en fakir 20 ülke\ngelirinin tam 46 katı daha fazla. Küresel\nadaletsizliğin bu kadar rahatsız\nedici boyutlarda olması ve servetin\nbu kadar adaletsiz paylaşımı, yoksulluk\ngibi ciddi sosyal problemlerin\nortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır.\nBu durumun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi\nadına bu çalışmada, eşitsizliğin\nhangi sebeplerden kaynaklandığı, sonuçlarının\nne olduğu ve önümüzdeki\nyıllarda daha vahim bir tablonun ortaya\nçıkmaması için neler yapılması\ngerektiği ele alınacaktır.\nBu bağlamda, raporun ilk kısmında\nyoksulluk ve eşitsizlik kavramlarına\ndeğinilecektir. İkinci kısmında Dünya\nBankası, Birleşmiş Milletler (BM)\ngibi uluslararası resmî kurumların\nyayınladıkları veriler incelenecektir.\nSonrasında yoksulluk ve eşitsizliğin\nortaya çıkmasının nedenleri ele alınacak\nolup, son kısımda uluslararası\nliteratürde bu sorunların aşılması\niçin önerilen uygulamalar dikkatlere\nsunulacaktır","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50448652,"asset_id":29989458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14714327,"first_name":"Humanitarian and Social","last_name":"Research Center (INSAMER)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HumanitarianandSocialResearchCenterINSAMER","display_name":"Humanitarian and Social Research Center (INSAMER)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HumanitarianandSocialResearchCenterINSAMER?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14714327/4033303/14353025/s65_humanitarian_and_social.research_center_insamer_.jpg"},{"id":13669821,"first_name":"Emin","last_name":"Emin","domain_name":"ukim","page_name":"EminEmin","display_name":"Emin Emin","profile_url":"https://ukim.academia.edu/EminEmin?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13669821/3984167/32062737/s65_emin.emin.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":205,"name":"Rural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":741,"name":"Public Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":957,"name":"Cultural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1235,"name":"Sociology of Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Work?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2732,"name":"Child Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Poverty?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5518,"name":"Poverty Alleviation Programmes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Alleviation_Programmes?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":8620,"name":"Poverty Reduction Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction_Strategies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16742,"name":"Urban Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19408,"name":"Urban Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Poverty?f_ri=6276"},{"id":20010,"name":"Poverty (Economics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Economics_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":24922,"name":"Poverty (Sociology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Sociology_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":25116,"name":"International Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":46429,"name":"Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":49250,"name":"Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkans?f_ri=6276"},{"id":87342,"name":"Poverty Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction?f_ri=6276"},{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans?f_ri=6276"},{"id":95088,"name":"Poverty and Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_and_Inequality-1?f_ri=6276"},{"id":133222,"name":"Poverty Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":181131,"name":"Poverty Alleviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Alleviation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":385234,"name":"Political Economy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_and_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":967211,"name":"Poverty Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Dynamics?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37974033" data-work_id="37974033" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37974033/The_Confirmation_Hearings_on_the_Nomination_of_Brett_Kavanaugh_to_be_an_Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_and_the_Tribalization_of_the_American_Politics_The_Slow_Death_of_Once_a_Great_Nation">The Confirmation Hearings on the Nomination of Brett Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and the Tribalization of the American Politics: The Slow Death of Once a Great Nation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Americans were once appalled to hear and see countries in Africa or Asia or Latin America and elsewhere around the globe descent into political chaos because of the tribal, dysfunctional political system and identity politics. Today the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37974033" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Americans were once appalled to hear and see countries in Africa or Asia or Latin America and elsewhere around the globe descent into political chaos because of the tribal, dysfunctional political system and identity politics. Today the same phenomena that once bewildered them are slowly but steadily itching into the social and cultural fabric that once made America a great nation. Ever since the election of Donald J. Trump in November 2016, the political Left or radical Left to be precise, i.e., the Social Justice Warriors, the Moral Crusaders of Hollywood, the overtly Bias Media Establishment and the Disgruntled Never Trumpers, though on the fences as of late, have unleashed an ideological and cultural war, that if left unchecked, will bring down the American Republic. The Justice Kavanaugh’s hearings have shown that the majority of Democrats and their radical supporters have not come to grips with the loss of the elections in November 2016. The resistance to accept the reality coupled with the personal hatred against President Trump have gone from sheer political disagreements and policy outcomes to pure betrayal of the political principles that have kept America glued by its institutions of law such as the Supreme Court of Justice and the United States Congress. That said, no matter what the political ideologies or inclinations of both parties may be, the personal hatred towards the President and the use of the identity politics as the means to divide and categorize Americans are stoking division and tearing the country apart.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37974033" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f184ff90638e3c9f05f3cf7a67aa0866" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57990826,"asset_id":37974033,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57990826/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63782067" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DodoMahamat">Mahamat Dodo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63782067" type="text/json">{"id":63782067,"first_name":"Mahamat","last_name":"Dodo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DodoMahamat","display_name":"Mahamat Dodo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DodoMahamat?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37974033 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37974033"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37974033, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37974033", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37974033 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37974033; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37974033"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37974033 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37974033"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37974033; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37974033]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37974033").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37974033").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37974033"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1911" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies">International Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1911" type="text/json">{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2074" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business">International Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2074" type="text/json">{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9688" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Development">Globalisation and Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9688" type="text/json">{"id":9688,"name":"Globalisation and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Development?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37974033]'), work: {"id":37974033,"title":"The Confirmation Hearings on the Nomination of Brett Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and the Tribalization of the American Politics: The Slow Death of Once a Great Nation","created_at":"2018-12-13T16:22:10.307-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37974033/The_Confirmation_Hearings_on_the_Nomination_of_Brett_Kavanaugh_to_be_an_Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_and_the_Tribalization_of_the_American_Politics_The_Slow_Death_of_Once_a_Great_Nation?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_37974033","summary":"Americans were once appalled to hear and see countries in Africa or Asia or Latin America and elsewhere around the globe descent into political chaos because of the tribal, dysfunctional political system and identity politics. Today the same phenomena that once bewildered them are slowly but steadily itching into the social and cultural fabric that once made America a great nation. Ever since the election of Donald J. Trump in November 2016, the political Left or radical Left to be precise, i.e., the Social Justice Warriors, the Moral Crusaders of Hollywood, the overtly Bias Media Establishment and the Disgruntled Never Trumpers, though on the fences as of late, have unleashed an ideological and cultural war, that if left unchecked, will bring down the American Republic. The Justice Kavanaugh’s hearings have shown that the majority of Democrats and their radical supporters have not come to grips with the loss of the elections in November 2016. The resistance to accept the reality coupled with the personal hatred against President Trump have gone from sheer political disagreements and policy outcomes to pure betrayal of the political principles that have kept America glued by its institutions of law such as the Supreme Court of Justice and the United States Congress. That said, no matter what the political ideologies or inclinations of both parties may be, the personal hatred towards the President and the use of the identity politics as the means to divide and categorize Americans are stoking division and tearing the country apart.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57990826,"asset_id":37974033,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63782067,"first_name":"Mahamat","last_name":"Dodo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DodoMahamat","display_name":"Mahamat Dodo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DodoMahamat?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":9688,"name":"Globalisation and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Development?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":13639,"name":"Spanish as a Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_as_a_Foreign_Language?f_ri=6276"},{"id":33423,"name":"EU development policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU_development_policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":44503,"name":"International Energy Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Energy_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":66970,"name":"China-Africa relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China-Africa_relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":220551,"name":"Africa's International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africas_International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":458790,"name":"International Security and Strategic affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security_and_Strategic_affairs?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73538178" data-work_id="73538178" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73538178/Deciphering_the_Chinese_Economic_Miracle_Lessons_for_the_Developing_World">Deciphering the Chinese Economic Miracle: Lessons for the Developing World</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Deciphering the Chinese Economic Miracle: Lessons for the Developing World</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73538178" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b54caab4eee21adcfc484c44692bedaf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82022070,"asset_id":73538178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82022070/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3112267" href="https://lse-uk.academia.edu/EfeCanG%C3%BCrcan">Efe Can Gürcan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3112267" type="text/json">{"id":3112267,"first_name":"Efe Can","last_name":"Gürcan","domain_name":"lse-uk","page_name":"EfeCanGürcan","display_name":"Efe Can Gürcan","profile_url":"https://lse-uk.academia.edu/EfeCanG%C3%BCrcan?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3112267/6421959/158743169/s65_efe_can.g_rcan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73538178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73538178"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73538178, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73538178", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73538178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73538178; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73538178"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73538178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73538178"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73538178; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73538178]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73538178").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73538178").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73538178"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="744" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialist_Economics">Socialist Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="744" type="text/json">{"id":744,"name":"Socialist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialist_Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development">International Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2585" type="text/json">{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73538178]'), work: {"id":73538178,"title":"Deciphering the Chinese Economic Miracle: Lessons for the Developing World","created_at":"2022-03-11T05:41:48.025-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73538178/Deciphering_the_Chinese_Economic_Miracle_Lessons_for_the_Developing_World?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_73538178","summary":"Deciphering the Chinese Economic Miracle: Lessons for the Developing World","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82022070,"asset_id":73538178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3112267,"first_name":"Efe Can","last_name":"Gürcan","domain_name":"lse-uk","page_name":"EfeCanGürcan","display_name":"Efe Can Gürcan","profile_url":"https://lse-uk.academia.edu/EfeCanG%C3%BCrcan?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3112267/6421959/158743169/s65_efe_can.g_rcan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":744,"name":"Socialist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialist_Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":21219,"name":"Socialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":103932,"name":"BRICS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BRICS?f_ri=6276"},{"id":127735,"name":"Global Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":254999,"name":"Chinese Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Economy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41430821" data-work_id="41430821" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41430821/Ethiopian_Foreign_Policy_towards_African_States_and_the_Nile_Basin_Countries_a_comparative_of_the_2002_and_2019_draft_Policies">Ethiopian Foreign Policy towards African States and the Nile Basin Countries: a comparative of the 2002 and 2019 (draft) Policies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethiopia, despite its lack of economic capabilities, decisively influenced decision making in accordance with its own national interests in its bilateral relations, regional and continental affairs, and multilateral settings. As Habtamu... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41430821" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethiopia, despite its lack of economic capabilities, decisively influenced decision making in accordance with its own national interests in its bilateral relations, regional and continental affairs, and multilateral settings. As Habtamu (2013) described, it can be argued that the acceptability of Ethiopian identity is one of the contributing factors. And for Fukuyama, Identity is a very fluid concept, and one finds out how fluid when trying to determine the identity of the Ethiopian state. The Ethiopian state identity is shaped by different factors. These were on the one hand determined by context specific ideas about power, territoriality, and hierarchy. The personalities and prestige of Ethiopian leaders, the Adwa victory, the fact that it was never colonized, that it was ruled by emperor’s whose power derived from God, affected how the country was viewed by Europeans and Black Africans. The World Bank, the intricacies of Ethiopian history allow for the appropriation of the country’s identity to fit diverging agenda’s and narratives. Ethiopia, as a state, enjoyed an exceptional status but considered it exceptional as well. In constructivist thought this is considered a non-material structure and influences ideas about how to act and what strategies an actor can imagine in reaching their goal. The exceptionality that accompanies Ethiopia’s state identity is carefully preserved and utilized, which will be further elaborated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41430821" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53e7629b4b03fb622d6ae8e79f0ab34e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61609948,"asset_id":41430821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61609948/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="108539564" href="https://addisababa.academia.edu/AbrehamAbreham">Abreham Abreham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="108539564" type="text/json">{"id":108539564,"first_name":"Abreham","last_name":"Abreham","domain_name":"addisababa","page_name":"AbrehamAbreham","display_name":"Abreham Abreham","profile_url":"https://addisababa.academia.edu/AbrehamAbreham?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/108539564/36953470/31903283/s65_abreham.abreham.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41430821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41430821"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41430821, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41430821", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41430821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41430821; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41430821"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41430821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41430821"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41430821; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41430821]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41430821").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41430821").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41430821"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1483" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis">Foreign Policy Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1483" type="text/json">{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41430821]'), work: {"id":41430821,"title":"Ethiopian Foreign Policy towards African States and the Nile Basin Countries: a comparative of the 2002 and 2019 (draft) Policies","created_at":"2019-12-26T03:52:48.122-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41430821/Ethiopian_Foreign_Policy_towards_African_States_and_the_Nile_Basin_Countries_a_comparative_of_the_2002_and_2019_draft_Policies?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_41430821","summary":"Ethiopia, despite its lack of economic capabilities, decisively influenced decision making in accordance with its own national interests in its bilateral relations, regional and continental affairs, and multilateral settings. As Habtamu (2013) described, it can be argued that the acceptability of Ethiopian identity is one of the contributing factors. And for Fukuyama, Identity is a very fluid concept, and one finds out how fluid when trying to determine the identity of the Ethiopian state. The Ethiopian state identity is shaped by different factors. These were on the one hand determined by context specific ideas about power, territoriality, and hierarchy. The personalities and prestige of Ethiopian leaders, the Adwa victory, the fact that it was never colonized, that it was ruled by emperor’s whose power derived from God, affected how the country was viewed by Europeans and Black Africans. The World Bank, the intricacies of Ethiopian history allow for the appropriation of the country’s identity to fit diverging agenda’s and narratives. Ethiopia, as a state, enjoyed an exceptional status but considered it exceptional as well. In constructivist thought this is considered a non-material structure and influences ideas about how to act and what strategies an actor can imagine in reaching their goal. The exceptionality that accompanies Ethiopia’s state identity is carefully preserved and utilized, which will be further elaborated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61609948,"asset_id":41430821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":108539564,"first_name":"Abreham","last_name":"Abreham","domain_name":"addisababa","page_name":"AbrehamAbreham","display_name":"Abreham Abreham","profile_url":"https://addisababa.academia.edu/AbrehamAbreham?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/108539564/36953470/31903283/s65_abreham.abreham.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36622137" data-work_id="36622137" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36622137/Islamic_vs_Mainstream_Economics_Exploring_the_Differences_A_">Islamic vs Mainstream Economics: Exploring the Differences (A)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A well-regulated economic system requires incentives that reward productive and withhold rewards from unproductive activity. Such incentives are put in place by means of legislation and enforced with the help of regulatory agencies. A... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36622137" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A well-regulated economic system requires incentives that reward productive and withhold rewards from unproductive activity. Such incentives are put in place by means of legislation and enforced with the help of regulatory agencies. A well-managed system will allocate resources more efficiently than a system in which income may be gained without active participation in economic activity, by lending at interest in particular, which invariably increases the prices of finished goods without, however, adding any value. Interest-based lending produces a range of important, though rarely highlighted, side effects. They include inefficiency, indebtedness, instability, inflation, unemployment, slow or declining economic growth, and an uneven distribution of wealth. (224 pages)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36622137" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1fcb3b244e5e63021326f801e04bcf43" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67378863,"asset_id":36622137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67378863/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2644808" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/LeslieTerebessy">Leslie Terebessy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2644808" type="text/json">{"id":2644808,"first_name":"Leslie","last_name":"Terebessy","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"LeslieTerebessy","display_name":"Leslie Terebessy","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/LeslieTerebessy?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2644808/842515/35075059/s65_leslie.terebessy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36622137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36622137"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36622137, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36622137", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36622137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36622137; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36622137"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36622137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36622137"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36622137; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36622137]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36622137").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36622137").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36622137"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="736" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics">Islamic Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="736" type="text/json">{"id":736,"name":"Islamic Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36622137]'), work: {"id":36622137,"title":"Islamic vs Mainstream Economics: Exploring the Differences (A)","created_at":"2018-05-13T05:13:52.598-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36622137/Islamic_vs_Mainstream_Economics_Exploring_the_Differences_A_?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_36622137","summary":"A well-regulated economic system requires incentives that reward productive and withhold rewards from unproductive activity. Such incentives are put in place by means of legislation and enforced with the help of regulatory agencies. A well-managed system will allocate resources more efficiently than a system in which income may be gained without active participation in economic activity, by lending at interest in particular, which invariably increases the prices of finished goods without, however, adding any value. Interest-based lending produces a range of important, though rarely highlighted, side effects. They include inefficiency, indebtedness, instability, inflation, unemployment, slow or declining economic growth, and an uneven distribution of wealth. (224 pages)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67378863,"asset_id":36622137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2644808,"first_name":"Leslie","last_name":"Terebessy","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"LeslieTerebessy","display_name":"Leslie Terebessy","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/LeslieTerebessy?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2644808/842515/35075059/s65_leslie.terebessy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":736,"name":"Islamic Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2789,"name":"Government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6544,"name":"Islamic Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":21923,"name":"Islamic Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Banking?f_ri=6276"},{"id":21928,"name":"Islamic Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":25329,"name":"Islamic Economics and Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics_and_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":30600,"name":"Islamic Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Jurisprudence?f_ri=6276"},{"id":33711,"name":"Islamic Banking And Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Banking_And_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5376769" data-work_id="5376769" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5376769/Democratization_A_Critical_Introduction_co_authored_with_Jean_Grugel_Palgrave_2013_">Democratization: A Critical Introduction (co-authored with Jean Grugel, Palgrave 2013)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The second edition of this popular and authoritative text provides a truly global assessment of democratization in theory and practice in the contemporary world. It has been systematically revised and updated throughout to cover recent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5376769" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The second edition of this popular and authoritative text provides a truly global assessment of democratization in theory and practice in the contemporary world. It has been systematically revised and updated throughout to cover recent developments, from the impact of 9/11 and EU enlargement to the war in Iraq. <br /> <br />"This… [new edition] is exemplary: it is very extensively updated and revised and the authors have not tried to cut corners by keeping outdated references or bits of text…. [A]n excellent textbook for undergraduate students both for its comprehensive overview of the literature and as a basis for discussion." – Anna Khakee, Democratization</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5376769" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="edbda23b9aa290eb1755b2f177c67eda" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37307364,"asset_id":5376769,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37307364/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80753" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/MatthewBishop">Matthew Bishop</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80753" type="text/json">{"id":80753,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Bishop","domain_name":"sheffield","page_name":"MatthewBishop","display_name":"Matthew Bishop","profile_url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/MatthewBishop?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80753/452112/9920013/s65_matthew.bishop.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5376769 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5376769"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5376769, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5376769", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5376769 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5376769; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5376769"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5376769 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5376769"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5376769; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5376769]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5376769").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5376769").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5376769"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="796" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics">Comparative Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="796" type="text/json">{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization">Democratization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5091" type="text/json">{"id":5091,"name":"Democratization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5376769]'), work: {"id":5376769,"title":"Democratization: A Critical Introduction (co-authored with Jean Grugel, Palgrave 2013)","created_at":"2013-12-10T03:55:21.546-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5376769/Democratization_A_Critical_Introduction_co_authored_with_Jean_Grugel_Palgrave_2013_?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_5376769","summary":"The second edition of this popular and authoritative text provides a truly global assessment of democratization in theory and practice in the contemporary world. It has been systematically revised and updated throughout to cover recent developments, from the impact of 9/11 and EU enlargement to the war in Iraq.\r\n\r\n\"This… [new edition] is exemplary: it is very extensively updated and revised and the authors have not tried to cut corners by keeping outdated references or bits of text…. [A]n excellent textbook for undergraduate students both for its comprehensive overview of the literature and as a basis for discussion.\" – Anna Khakee, Democratization","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37307364,"asset_id":5376769,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80753,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Bishop","domain_name":"sheffield","page_name":"MatthewBishop","display_name":"Matthew Bishop","profile_url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/MatthewBishop?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80753/452112/9920013/s65_matthew.bishop.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":5091,"name":"Democratization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37357794" data-work_id="37357794" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37357794/Blockchains_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_International_Relations">Blockchains: Challenges and Opportunities for International Relations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The thesis explores potential challenges and opportunities for blockchains and International Relations (IR). The thesis also explores how IR can help understand blockchains as new conceptual phenomena. The thesis broadly questions: what... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37357794" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The thesis explores potential challenges and opportunities for blockchains and International Relations (IR). The thesis also explores how IR can help understand blockchains as new conceptual phenomena. The thesis broadly questions: what do blockchains mean for IR? And, what does IR mean for blockchains? Institutions and power are taken to be significant for the exploration because they represent crucial IR concepts. Blockchains are explored as regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutions and as compulsory, institutional, structural, and productive power. Blockchains are argued to provide challenges and opportunities for discipline of IR and the practice of international relations. IR can understand blockchains through the concepts of institutions and power.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37357794" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="71dbfe40248ed012ce3776cff75f30d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57318522,"asset_id":37357794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57318522/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11841509" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/MalcolmCayley">Malcolm Cayley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11841509" type="text/json">{"id":11841509,"first_name":"Malcolm","last_name":"Cayley","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"MalcolmCayley","display_name":"Malcolm Cayley","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/MalcolmCayley?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11841509/3414637/14806765/s65_malcolm.cayley.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37357794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37357794"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37357794, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37357794", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37357794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37357794; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37357794"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37357794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37357794"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37357794; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37357794]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37357794").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37357794").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37357794"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust">Trust</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3043" type="text/json">{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3660" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance">Global Governance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3660" type="text/json">{"id":3660,"name":"Global Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37357794]'), work: {"id":37357794,"title":"Blockchains: Challenges and Opportunities for International Relations","created_at":"2018-09-06T22:21:40.235-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37357794/Blockchains_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_International_Relations?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_37357794","summary":"The thesis explores potential challenges and opportunities for blockchains and International Relations (IR). The thesis also explores how IR can help understand blockchains as new conceptual phenomena. The thesis broadly questions: what do blockchains mean for IR? And, what does IR mean for blockchains? Institutions and power are taken to be significant for the exploration because they represent crucial IR concepts. Blockchains are explored as regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutions and as compulsory, institutional, structural, and productive power. Blockchains are argued to provide challenges and opportunities for discipline of IR and the practice of international relations. IR can understand blockchains through the concepts of institutions and power.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57318522,"asset_id":37357794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11841509,"first_name":"Malcolm","last_name":"Cayley","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"MalcolmCayley","display_name":"Malcolm Cayley","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/MalcolmCayley?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11841509/3414637/14806765/s65_malcolm.cayley.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3660,"name":"Global Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7822,"name":"Internet Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Governance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":33426,"name":"Decentralization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decentralization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":63804,"name":"Institutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutions?f_ri=6276"},{"id":105569,"name":"Financial Institutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Institutions?f_ri=6276"},{"id":123951,"name":"Political Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Power?f_ri=6276"},{"id":562371,"name":"Global Economic Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Economic_Governance-1?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1450126,"name":"Blockchains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blockchains?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2533469,"name":"Distributed Ledger Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Ledger_Technology?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72110230 coauthored" data-work_id="72110230" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72110230/Deciphering_the_Greek_Economic_Diplomacy_towards_the_Western_Balkans_actors_processes_challenges">Deciphering the Greek Economic Diplomacy towards the Western Balkans: actors, processes, challenges</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From the mid-1990s and for over a decade Greece developed a very important and dynamic trade and investment relationship with most Western Balkan countries. The economic crisis in 2009 broke this momentum and led to massive declines in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72110230" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From the mid-1990s and for over a decade Greece developed a very important and dynamic trade and investment relationship with most Western Balkan countries. The economic crisis in 2009 broke this momentum and led to massive declines in both trade and FDI. While trade transactions rebounded after 2016 and almost reached pre-crisis levels, the decline of Greek FDI has shown no signs of recovering, its most definitive sign being the departure of many Greek banks from the region. The objective of this project is to delve into the intricacies of Greek economic diplomacy, focusing on its conduct in the Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) and exploring paths that could improve economic and business practices in the region. It does so by mapping out the multi-layered dimensions of Greek economic relations with the Western Balkans, highlighting problems and challenges that have emerged over the years, identifying key actors and stakeholders in the process, and making policy recommendations based on an evaluation of all the above.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72110230" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02104b86da069de5080dbe81a0063f5f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81563297,"asset_id":72110230,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81563297/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="234081" href="https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis">Nikolaos Tzifakis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="234081" type="text/json">{"id":234081,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Tzifakis","domain_name":"uop-gr","page_name":"NikolaosTzifakis","display_name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis","profile_url":"https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-72110230">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-72110230"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85">Ελευθερια Παναγιωτου</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-72110230'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-72110230').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72110230 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72110230"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72110230, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72110230", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72110230 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72110230; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72110230"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72110230 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72110230"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72110230; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72110230]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72110230").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72110230").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72110230"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3067" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_East_European_Studies">South East European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3067" type="text/json">{"id":3067,"name":"South East European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_East_European_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3337" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies">Balkan Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3337" type="text/json">{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72110230]'), work: {"id":72110230,"title":"Deciphering the Greek Economic Diplomacy towards the Western Balkans: actors, processes, challenges","created_at":"2022-02-21T08:09:26.862-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72110230/Deciphering_the_Greek_Economic_Diplomacy_towards_the_Western_Balkans_actors_processes_challenges?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_72110230","summary":"From the mid-1990s and for over a decade Greece developed a very important and dynamic trade and investment relationship with most Western Balkan countries. The economic crisis in 2009 broke this momentum and led to massive declines in both trade and FDI. While trade transactions rebounded after 2016 and almost reached pre-crisis levels, the decline of Greek FDI has shown no signs of recovering, its most definitive sign being the departure of many Greek banks from the region. The objective of this project is to delve into the intricacies of Greek economic diplomacy, focusing on its conduct in the Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) and exploring paths that could improve economic and business practices in the region. It does so by mapping out the multi-layered dimensions of Greek economic relations with the Western Balkans, highlighting problems and challenges that have emerged over the years, identifying key actors and stakeholders in the process, and making policy recommendations based on an evaluation of all the above.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81563297,"asset_id":72110230,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":234081,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Tzifakis","domain_name":"uop-gr","page_name":"NikolaosTzifakis","display_name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis","profile_url":"https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg"},{"id":61785278,"first_name":"Ελευθερια","last_name":"Παναγιωτου","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ΕλευθεριαΠαναγιωτου","display_name":"Ελευθερια Παναγιωτου","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3067,"name":"South East European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_East_European_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13008,"name":"Balkan Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13009,"name":"Modern Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greece?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13755,"name":"Modern Greek Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":17409,"name":"History And Geopolitics In The Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_And_Geopolitics_In_The_Balkans?f_ri=6276"},{"id":17424,"name":"International Economic Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Economic_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19023,"name":"Europeanization of the Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europeanization_of_the_Balkans?f_ri=6276"},{"id":23419,"name":"Southeastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeastern_Europe?f_ri=6276"},{"id":34405,"name":"Economic Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Diplomacy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":48044,"name":"Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greece?f_ri=6276"},{"id":49250,"name":"Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkans?f_ri=6276"},{"id":50586,"name":"South-Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South-Eastern_Europe?f_ri=6276"},{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans?f_ri=6276"},{"id":313371,"name":"Diplomacy and international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy_and_international_relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1664812,"name":"Economic Statecraft and Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Statecraft_and_Diplomacy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26805716" data-work_id="26805716" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26805716/Theory_of_the_Border_Oxford_University_Press_2016_">Theory of the Border (Oxford University Press, 2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There are more types of borders today than ever before in history. Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26805716" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There are more types of borders today than ever before in history. Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial drones that patrol the immense expanse of our domestic and international airspace, we are defined by borders. They can no longer simply be understood as the geographical divisions between nation-states. Today, their form and function has become too complex, too hybrid. What we need now is a theory of the border that can make sense of this hybridity across multiple domains of social life. <br /><br />Rather than viewing borders as the result or outcome of pre-established social entities like states, Thomas Nail reinterprets social history from the perspective of the continual and constitutive movement of the borders that organize and divide society in the first place. Societies and states are the products of bordering, Nail argues, not the other way around. Applying his original movement-oriented theoretical framework "kinopolitics" to several major historical border regimes (fences, walls, cells, and checkpoints), Theory of the Border pioneers a new methodology of "critical limology," that provides fresh tools for the analysis of contemporary border politics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26805716" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f6ee85d9b71d0390b6940afa0bd3e30" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54546465,"asset_id":26805716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54546465/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="982124" href="https://udenver.academia.edu/ThomasNail">Thomas Nail</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="982124" type="text/json">{"id":982124,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Nail","domain_name":"udenver","page_name":"ThomasNail","display_name":"Thomas Nail","profile_url":"https://udenver.academia.edu/ThomasNail?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/982124/1055609/37232722/s65_thomas.nail.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26805716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26805716"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26805716, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26805716", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26805716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26805716; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26805716"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26805716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26805716"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26805716; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26805716]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26805716").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26805716").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26805716"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">246</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26805716]'), work: {"id":26805716,"title":"Theory of the Border (Oxford University Press, 2016)","created_at":"2016-07-07T05:50:33.607-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26805716/Theory_of_the_Border_Oxford_University_Press_2016_?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_26805716","summary":"There are more types of borders today than ever before in history. Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial drones that patrol the immense expanse of our domestic and international airspace, we are defined by borders. They can no longer simply be understood as the geographical divisions between nation-states. Today, their form and function has become too complex, too hybrid. What we need now is a theory of the border that can make sense of this hybridity across multiple domains of social life. \n\nRather than viewing borders as the result or outcome of pre-established social entities like states, Thomas Nail reinterprets social history from the perspective of the continual and constitutive movement of the borders that organize and divide society in the first place. Societies and states are the products of bordering, Nail argues, not the other way around. Applying his original movement-oriented theoretical framework \"kinopolitics\" to several major historical border regimes (fences, walls, cells, and checkpoints), Theory of the Border pioneers a new methodology of \"critical limology,\" that provides fresh tools for the analysis of contemporary border politics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54546465,"asset_id":26805716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":982124,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Nail","domain_name":"udenver","page_name":"ThomasNail","display_name":"Thomas Nail","profile_url":"https://udenver.academia.edu/ThomasNail?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/982124/1055609/37232722/s65_thomas.nail.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=6276"},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":263,"name":"Cultural Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":266,"name":"Historical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":272,"name":"Social Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":281,"name":"Physical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":728,"name":"Economic Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":735,"name":"International Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":794,"name":"American Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":934,"name":"Media and Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":938,"name":"Critical Discourse Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=6276"},{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":957,"name":"Cultural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1118,"name":"Political Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Participation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1230,"name":"Social Research Methods and Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Research_Methods_and_Methodology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1287,"name":"Political Parties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Parties?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2064,"name":"Critical Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Geopolitics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2411,"name":"Migration mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_mobilities?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2431,"name":"Urban Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2490,"name":"Political Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2553,"name":"Social Networking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2595,"name":"Critical Disability Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Disability_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2817,"name":"Border Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2899,"name":"Critical Realism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Realism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3126,"name":"Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3347,"name":"Latin American politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3404,"name":"Critical Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Animal_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3472,"name":"Political Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3692,"name":"International Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Criminal_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4123,"name":"Cross-border cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-border_cooperation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4374,"name":"Immigration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4474,"name":"Critical Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Thinking?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4614,"name":"Central America and Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_America_and_Mexico?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4822,"name":"Migration Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4823,"name":"Critical Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Legal_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5045,"name":"Critical Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Social_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5049,"name":"Critical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5067,"name":"Cultural Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5349,"name":"Irregular Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irregular_Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5535,"name":"Critical Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Security_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5551,"name":"Immigration Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5559,"name":"Political Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Culture?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5960,"name":"Continental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6029,"name":"Critical Management Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Management_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6275,"name":"Tourism Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6327,"name":"Eastern European history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_history?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6357,"name":"Law and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6384,"name":"Critical Medical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Medical_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6564,"name":"Mexico History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6749,"name":"Cultural Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7229,"name":"Critical Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Criminology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7313,"name":"Labor Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7354,"name":"Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7369,"name":"Political communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7535,"name":"Borderline Personality Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderline_Personality_Disorder?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7560,"name":"Public International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_International_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7860,"name":"Cultural Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Tourism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":8009,"name":"Immigration And Integration In Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_And_Integration_In_Europe?f_ri=6276"},{"id":8032,"name":"Cross-Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":8697,"name":"European Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9819,"name":"Realism (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Realism_Political_Science_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10311,"name":"European Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10346,"name":"Environmental Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10417,"name":"Critical Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Social_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10633,"name":"Critical Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10679,"name":"International Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Marketing?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11203,"name":"International Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11313,"name":"Border Crossing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Crossing?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11483,"name":"Cultural Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11665,"name":"International Humanitarian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Humanitarian_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12179,"name":"Chinese Diaspora (Migration and Ethnicity)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Diaspora_Migration_and_Ethnicity_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12194,"name":"Critical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12331,"name":"Immigration and Emmigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_and_Emmigration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12570,"name":"Undocumented Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Undocumented_Immigration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13006,"name":"Immigration History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13144,"name":"Indian Diaspora (Migration and Ethnicity)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Diaspora_Migration_and_Ethnicity_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13396,"name":"Political Economy of Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13674,"name":"European Immigration and Asylum Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Immigration_and_Asylum_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13739,"name":"Social Network Analysis (SNA)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Network_Analysis_SNA_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":14045,"name":"African Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":14104,"name":"Political Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":14436,"name":"Immigration an Citzenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_an_Citzenship?f_ri=6276"},{"id":14580,"name":"Forced Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forced_Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15167,"name":"European Union Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15342,"name":"Aesthetics and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics_and_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16069,"name":"Critical Race Theory and Whiteness theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory_and_Whiteness_theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16153,"name":"International Mangement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Mangement?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16171,"name":"Islamic Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Political_Thought?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16287,"name":"Migration History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16471,"name":"Sociology of Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16472,"name":"Transnational migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16622,"name":"Contemporary International Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_International_Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16623,"name":"Migration And Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_And_Health?f_ri=6276"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":17214,"name":"Return Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Return_Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":17433,"name":"Race And Ethnicity (in ) migration of indigenous people","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_And_Ethnicity_in_migration_of_indigenous_people?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18113,"name":"Anthropology of Borders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Borders?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18794,"name":"Critical international political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_international_political_economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18852,"name":"History of Colonial Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Colonial_Mexico?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19030,"name":"Political Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19046,"name":"Migration (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Anthropology_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19049,"name":"Mexico (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico_Anthropology_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19051,"name":"Transnational Labour Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Labour_Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19059,"name":"19th Century Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_Century_Mexico?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19087,"name":"Military and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_and_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19326,"name":"20th Century Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_Mexico?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19405,"name":"Cultural Heritage Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":22547,"name":"Social and Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":22623,"name":"Geography of Mobility and Migrations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography_of_Mobility_and_Migrations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":22797,"name":"Critical Thinking and Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Thinking_and_Creativity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":23631,"name":"Critical and Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_and_Cultural_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":23792,"name":"Border Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":25101,"name":"US-Mexico Borderlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/US-Mexico_Borderlands?f_ri=6276"},{"id":25116,"name":"International Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":25870,"name":"Critical Prison Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Prison_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":27137,"name":"European Union Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":27949,"name":"Borderlands Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderlands_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":28299,"name":"Argumentation Theory and Critical Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argumentation_Theory_and_Critical_Thinking?f_ri=6276"},{"id":29398,"name":"immigration, migration, identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/immigration_migration_identity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":30089,"name":"Neoliberalisms and the Transformation of the Cultural Sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalisms_and_the_Transformation_of_the_Cultural_Sphere?f_ri=6276"},{"id":30249,"name":"Immigration and identity (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_and_identity_Anthropology_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":33180,"name":"Political Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Islam?f_ri=6276"},{"id":33855,"name":"Moral and Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_and_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":43881,"name":"Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico?f_ri=6276"},{"id":44867,"name":"México","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/M%C3%A9xico?f_ri=6276"},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=6276"},{"id":46391,"name":"Social movements in Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_in_Mexico?f_ri=6276"},{"id":48036,"name":"International Migration and Immigration Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration_and_Immigration_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":49565,"name":"Filosofía Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa_Pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=6276"},{"id":49838,"name":"Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=6276"},{"id":50003,"name":"Indonesian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesian_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51382,"name":"Borders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borders?f_ri=6276"},{"id":55082,"name":"Ciencia Politica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciencia_Politica?f_ri=6276"},{"id":58588,"name":"Philippine government and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_government_and_politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":59470,"name":"Borders and Frontiers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borders_and_Frontiers?f_ri=6276"},{"id":61208,"name":"Migrations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":65713,"name":"Políticas Públicas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pol%C3%ADticas_P%C3%BAblicas?f_ri=6276"},{"id":66218,"name":"Politic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politic?f_ri=6276"},{"id":67093,"name":"Migration Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":68297,"name":"Metodología y Teoría de la Investigación Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metodolog%C3%ADa_y_Teor%C3%ADa_de_la_Investigaci%C3%B3n_Social?f_ri=6276"},{"id":71918,"name":"Patrimonio Cultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patrimonio_Cultural?f_ri=6276"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe?f_ri=6276"},{"id":77109,"name":"Great Migration period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Migration_period?f_ri=6276"},{"id":78309,"name":"Critical Literacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Literacy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":80513,"name":"Political Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sciences?f_ri=6276"},{"id":87560,"name":"Critical Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Development_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":92776,"name":"Ciencias Sociales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciencias_Sociales?f_ri=6276"},{"id":103324,"name":"Borderlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderlands?f_ri=6276"},{"id":105962,"name":"Migration and Diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_and_Diaspora?f_ri=6276"},{"id":130221,"name":"Economia Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economia_Pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=6276"},{"id":133229,"name":"Labour migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":134693,"name":"Refugees and Forced Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_and_Forced_Migration_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":143715,"name":"Cross-Border Insolvency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Border_Insolvency?f_ri=6276"},{"id":153884,"name":"Multilingual Studies, Identity Studies, Border identities, hybridity, multilingualism, poetry, bilingual poetry, cultural studies, postcolonial studies, globalization studies, third culture kids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilingual_Studies_Identity_Studies_Border_identities_hybridity_multilingualism_poetry_bilin?f_ri=6276"},{"id":154588,"name":"Border Regions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Regions?f_ri=6276"},{"id":158475,"name":"Border Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":162659,"name":"Bird Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":167002,"name":"Spatial Migration Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Migration_Modelling?f_ri=6276"},{"id":168569,"name":"Migration and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_and_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":220464,"name":"Politics and International relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_and_International_relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":249304,"name":"Borders and Borderlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borders_and_Borderlands?f_ri=6276"},{"id":255252,"name":"Refugees, migration and immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_migration_and_immigration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":261331,"name":"Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_Of_The_Migration_Period_And_The_Early_Middle_Ages?f_ri=6276"},{"id":265096,"name":"Facultad de ciencias politicas y sociales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facultad_de_ciencias_politicas_y_sociales?f_ri=6276"},{"id":385234,"name":"Political Economy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_and_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":453278,"name":"Neoliberalism and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism_and_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":475499,"name":"Immigration and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":524558,"name":"Comparative Social Policy. Welfare State Research. Sociology of Work. Migration and care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Social_Policy._Welfare_State_Research._Sociology_of_Work._Migration_and_care?f_ri=6276"},{"id":613505,"name":"Neoliberalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalismo?f_ri=6276"},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":649974,"name":"Polìtica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pol%C3%ACtica?f_ri=6276"},{"id":701341,"name":"Public Communication. Political Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Communication._Political_Communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":781717,"name":"Critical Thinking Skills In Language Classess","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Thinking_Skills_In_Language_Classess?f_ri=6276"},{"id":840224,"name":"Neoliberalizm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalizm?f_ri=6276"},{"id":879352,"name":"Socio-Economic Impact of Rural-Urban Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-Economic_Impact_of_Rural-Urban_Migration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":939074,"name":"Immigration Status \u0026 Nationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Status_and_Nationality?f_ri=6276"},{"id":957247,"name":"Migration and Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_and_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":973268,"name":"Border Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Trade?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5423534" data-work_id="5423534" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5423534/Nov%C3%BD_regionalismus_proces_a_teorie">Nový regionalismus - proces a teorie</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Článek se zabývá fenoménem tzv. nového regionalismu jako jednoho z významných procesů v současné světové ekonomice. Pojem nový regionalismus označuje novou fázi regionalismu od poloviny 80. let, která je charakteristická jak... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5423534" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Článek se zabývá fenoménem tzv. nového regionalismu jako jednoho z významných procesů v současné světové ekonomice. Pojem nový regionalismus označuje novou fázi regionalismu od poloviny 80. let, která je charakteristická jak kvantitativními, tak především kvalitativními změnami regionalismu, k nimž došlo v důsledku politické a ekonomické transformace světa. Vedle komparativního srovnání starého a nového regionalismu se článek věnuje otázce terminologie spojené s regionalismem, vztahem mezi regionalismem a multilaterálními jednáními na půdě WTO a v neposlední řadě teoretickou reflexí procesu nového regionalismu a pěti základními skupinami teorií nového regionalismu.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5423534" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42088faef95d8b1a62a2834b9289b63c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63352110,"asset_id":5423534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63352110/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7581468" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/VilemRehak">Vilem Rehak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7581468" type="text/json">{"id":7581468,"first_name":"Vilem","last_name":"Rehak","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"VilemRehak","display_name":"Vilem Rehak","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/VilemRehak?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5423534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5423534"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5423534, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5423534", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5423534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5423534; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5423534"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5423534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5423534"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5423534; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5423534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5423534").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5423534").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5423534"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5423534]'), work: {"id":5423534,"title":"Nový regionalismus - proces a teorie","created_at":"2013-12-14T03:54:41.106-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5423534/Nov%C3%BD_regionalismus_proces_a_teorie?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_5423534","summary":"Článek se zabývá fenoménem tzv. nového regionalismu jako jednoho z významných procesů v současné světové ekonomice. Pojem nový regionalismus označuje novou fázi regionalismu od poloviny 80. let, která je charakteristická jak kvantitativními, tak především kvalitativními změnami regionalismu, k nimž došlo v důsledku politické a ekonomické transformace světa. Vedle komparativního srovnání starého a nového regionalismu se článek věnuje otázce terminologie spojené s regionalismem, vztahem mezi regionalismem a multilaterálními jednáními na půdě WTO a v neposlední řadě teoretickou reflexí procesu nového regionalismu a pěti základními skupinami teorií nového regionalismu.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63352110,"asset_id":5423534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7581468,"first_name":"Vilem","last_name":"Rehak","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"VilemRehak","display_name":"Vilem Rehak","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/VilemRehak?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4303461" data-work_id="4303461" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4303461/Globalization_and_Economy_Vol_4_Globalizing_Labour_2007_"> Globalization and Economy, Vol. 4: Globalizing Labour (2007)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Investigations into the political economy of globalization usually concentrate upon three related developments—the expansion of international trade and the growth in transnational production, including the rise of transnational... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4303461" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Investigations into the political economy of globalization usually concentrate upon three related developments—the expansion of international trade and the growth in transnational production, including the rise of transnational corporations;  the creation of a world-wide market for finance and credit;  and finally, the development of regimes and institutions of global economic governance.  By comparison, the role and significance of labour and labourers tends to be neglected in most studies. Yet, from its very inception, the process of globalization has been marked by the different methods of organizing work and organizing the activity of workers themselves. <br /> <br />This volume goes some way in restoring labour to a proper place in the globalization literature. The title 'Globalizing Labour' has a dual meaning. On the one hand it refers to increasing connectedness of workers and work as the globalization of integrated trade, financial and production systems merges economic activity from around the world. Labour is globalizing in the sense that it is connected to world-wide production and exchange structures. On the other hand, the title refers to the activities of workers themselves as their political and economic activities influence broader globalization structures. Labour is globalizing in the sense that workers are themselves building organizational links between different communities and are engaging global power structures whether they be globalizing corporations or international organizations. This volume introduces the subject of labour and globalization by examining four elements of the relationship. Firstly, the historical relationship between labour and globalization is briefly reviewed. Secondly, the condition of various forms of labour since the end of the Cold War is surveyed. Thirdly, the issue of labour, the state and regulation of globalizing corporations is highlighted. The volume concludes with some thoughts on key issues facing global labour in the twenty-first century.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4303461" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66ae3706bfc886866eaee76b8019b7d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31764591,"asset_id":4303461,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31764591/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="133302" href="https://westernsydney.academia.edu/PaulJames">Paul James</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="133302" type="text/json">{"id":133302,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"James","domain_name":"westernsydney","page_name":"PaulJames","display_name":"Paul James","profile_url":"https://westernsydney.academia.edu/PaulJames?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/133302/250770/296382/s65_paul.james.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4303461 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4303461"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4303461, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4303461", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4303461 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4303461; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4303461"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4303461 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4303461"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4303461; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4303461]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4303461").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4303461").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4303461"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology">Economic Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="193" type="text/json">{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology">Political Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="201" type="text/json">{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4303461]'), work: {"id":4303461,"title":" Globalization and Economy, Vol. 4: Globalizing Labour (2007)","created_at":"2013-08-22T15:33:25.344-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4303461/Globalization_and_Economy_Vol_4_Globalizing_Labour_2007_?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_4303461","summary":"Investigations into the political economy of globalization usually concentrate upon three related developments—the expansion of international trade and the growth in transnational production, including the rise of transnational corporations; the creation of a world-wide market for finance and credit; and finally, the development of regimes and institutions of global economic governance. By comparison, the role and significance of labour and labourers tends to be neglected in most studies. Yet, from its very inception, the process of globalization has been marked by the different methods of organizing work and organizing the activity of workers themselves. \r\n\r\nThis volume goes some way in restoring labour to a proper place in the globalization literature. The title 'Globalizing Labour' has a dual meaning. On the one hand it refers to increasing connectedness of workers and work as the globalization of integrated trade, financial and production systems merges economic activity from around the world. Labour is globalizing in the sense that it is connected to world-wide production and exchange structures. On the other hand, the title refers to the activities of workers themselves as their political and economic activities influence broader globalization structures. Labour is globalizing in the sense that workers are themselves building organizational links between different communities and are engaging global power structures whether they be globalizing corporations or international organizations. This volume introduces the subject of labour and globalization by examining four elements of the relationship. Firstly, the historical relationship between labour and globalization is briefly reviewed. Secondly, the condition of various forms of labour since the end of the Cold War is surveyed. Thirdly, the issue of labour, the state and regulation of globalizing corporations is highlighted. The volume concludes with some thoughts on key issues facing global labour in the twenty-first century.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31764591,"asset_id":4303461,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":133302,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"James","domain_name":"westernsydney","page_name":"PaulJames","display_name":"Paul James","profile_url":"https://westernsydney.academia.edu/PaulJames?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/133302/250770/296382/s65_paul.james.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5045,"name":"Critical Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Social_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13430,"name":"Social Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Exclusion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15264,"name":"Work and Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_and_Labour?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16153,"name":"International Mangement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Mangement?f_ri=6276"},{"id":31848,"name":"Labor unions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_unions?f_ri=6276"},{"id":48047,"name":"Trade unions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_unions?f_ri=6276"},{"id":53166,"name":"Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power?f_ri=6276"},{"id":89871,"name":"Labour markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_markets?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17374053" data-work_id="17374053" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17374053/Un_giro_inesperado_de_la_ideolog%C3%ADa_Neoliberalismo_y_el_colapso_del_Bloque_Sovi%C3%A9tico">Un giro inesperado de la ideología. Neoliberalismo y el colapso del Bloque Soviético</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Una versión reducida del texto “An Unexpected Twist of Ideology. Neoliberalism and the Collapse of the Soviet Bloc publicado en "Praktyka Teoretyczna", núm. 5, 2012. Traducción de Luis Martínez Andrade. Metapolítica: marzo 2013. The full... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17374053" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Una versión reducida del texto “An Unexpected Twist of Ideology. Neoliberalism and the Collapse <br />of the Soviet Bloc publicado en "Praktyka Teoretyczna", núm. 5, 2012. Traducción de Luis Martínez<br />Andrade. Metapolítica: marzo 2013.<br />The full English version also at Academia.edu: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/11798198/An_Unexpected_Twist_of_Ideology._Neoliberalism_and_the_Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Bloc" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/11798198/An_Unexpected_Twist_of_Ideology._Neoliberalism_and_the_Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Bloc</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17374053" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad6962c3f74792ac489930f19e58c485" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39473396,"asset_id":17374053,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39473396/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="723686" href="https://asp-waw.academia.edu/JanSowa">Jan Sowa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="723686" type="text/json">{"id":723686,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Sowa","domain_name":"asp-waw","page_name":"JanSowa","display_name":"Jan Sowa","profile_url":"https://asp-waw.academia.edu/JanSowa?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/723686/8273114/9254131/s65_jan.sowa.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17374053 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17374053"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17374053, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17374053", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17374053 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17374053; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17374053"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17374053 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17374053"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17374053; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17374053]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17374053").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17374053").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17374053"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="382" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies">Eastern European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="382" type="text/json">{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17374053]'), work: {"id":17374053,"title":"Un giro inesperado de la ideología. Neoliberalismo y el colapso del Bloque Soviético","created_at":"2015-10-27T16:11:00.541-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17374053/Un_giro_inesperado_de_la_ideolog%C3%ADa_Neoliberalismo_y_el_colapso_del_Bloque_Sovi%C3%A9tico?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_17374053","summary":"Una versión reducida del texto “An Unexpected Twist of Ideology. Neoliberalism and the Collapse \nof the Soviet Bloc publicado en \"Praktyka Teoretyczna\", núm. 5, 2012. Traducción de Luis Martínez\nAndrade. Metapolítica: marzo 2013.\nThe full English version also at Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/11798198/An_Unexpected_Twist_of_Ideology._Neoliberalism_and_the_Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Bloc","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39473396,"asset_id":17374053,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":723686,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Sowa","domain_name":"asp-waw","page_name":"JanSowa","display_name":"Jan Sowa","profile_url":"https://asp-waw.academia.edu/JanSowa?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/723686/8273114/9254131/s65_jan.sowa.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3622,"name":"Polish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polish_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6326,"name":"Central European history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_European_history?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6327,"name":"Eastern European history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_history?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9154,"name":"History of the USSR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_USSR?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15689,"name":"Polish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polish_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16209,"name":"Alain Badiou","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alain_Badiou?f_ri=6276"},{"id":20640,"name":"Lenin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lenin?f_ri=6276"},{"id":27363,"name":"Poland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poland?f_ri=6276"},{"id":35124,"name":"Post-Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Communism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=6276"},{"id":47830,"name":"Solidarity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solidarity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":59779,"name":"History of Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Communism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":77664,"name":"Comunismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comunismo?f_ri=6276"},{"id":79038,"name":"Marxismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxismo?f_ri=6276"},{"id":88935,"name":"Sociología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=6276"},{"id":105033,"name":"history of Poland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/history_of_Poland?f_ri=6276"},{"id":110256,"name":"Solidarnosc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solidarnosc?f_ri=6276"},{"id":112727,"name":"Capitalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalismo?f_ri=6276"},{"id":118223,"name":"Centre-Periphery Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Centre-Periphery_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":126989,"name":"Solidaridad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solidaridad?f_ri=6276"},{"id":135781,"name":"Fukuyama","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fukuyama?f_ri=6276"},{"id":217799,"name":"Loic Wacquant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loic_Wacquant?f_ri=6276"},{"id":330828,"name":"Marxism-Leninism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism-Leninism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":613505,"name":"Neoliberalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalismo?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1974370" data-work_id="1974370" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1974370/Global_2_0_Geografie_della_crisi_e_del_mutamento_Global_2_0_Geographies_of_Crisis_and_Change_">Global 2.0 Geografie della crisi e del mutamento (Global 2.0. Geographies of Crisis and Change)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over the past two decades capitalism and globalization have gradually changed skin. Both have undergone an acceleration that has radically changed their nature and their rules, resulting in a new scenario of the economic geography at the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1974370" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the past two decades capitalism and globalization have gradually changed skin. Both have undergone an acceleration that has radically changed their nature and their rules, resulting in a new scenario of the economic geography at the global and the local scale. The crisis started in 2007, first financial and then economic, has inserted in the context of these changes, even producing the emergence of new actors on the international scene and the relative decline of the traditional areas of development. This scenario is the product of a complex web of ideas, actors, networks, technologies and agreements that the volume attempts to analyze in the most significant components.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1974370" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f575c84b7b39c644f8fd1f399f3306b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":28534507,"asset_id":1974370,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/28534507/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1506892" href="https://unina.academia.edu/vittorio_amato">vittorio amato</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1506892" type="text/json">{"id":1506892,"first_name":"vittorio","last_name":"amato","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"vittorio_amato","display_name":"vittorio amato","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/vittorio_amato?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1506892/534745/17902482/s65_vittorio.amato.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1974370 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1974370"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1974370, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1974370", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1974370 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1974370; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1974370"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1974370 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1974370"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1974370; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1974370]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1974370").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1974370").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1974370"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="263" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Geography">Cultural Geography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="263" type="text/json">{"id":263,"name":"Cultural Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Geography?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1974370]'), work: {"id":1974370,"title":"Global 2.0 Geografie della crisi e del mutamento (Global 2.0. Geographies of Crisis and Change)","created_at":"2012-09-27T03:48:51.659-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1974370/Global_2_0_Geografie_della_crisi_e_del_mutamento_Global_2_0_Geographies_of_Crisis_and_Change_?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_1974370","summary":"Over the past two decades capitalism and globalization have gradually changed skin. Both have undergone an acceleration that has radically changed their nature and their rules, resulting in a new scenario of the economic geography at the global and the local scale. The crisis started in 2007, first financial and then economic, has inserted in the context of these changes, even producing the emergence of new actors on the international scene and the relative decline of the traditional areas of development. This scenario is the product of a complex web of ideas, actors, networks, technologies and agreements that the volume attempts to analyze in the most significant components.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":28534507,"asset_id":1974370,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1506892,"first_name":"vittorio","last_name":"amato","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"vittorio_amato","display_name":"vittorio amato","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/vittorio_amato?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1506892/534745/17902482/s65_vittorio.amato.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":263,"name":"Cultural Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Geography?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":272,"name":"Social Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":279,"name":"Regional Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":728,"name":"Economic Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":735,"name":"International Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3321,"name":"Global Civil Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Civil_Society?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6694,"name":"Global Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9688,"name":"Globalisation and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":73569,"name":"Geografia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geografia?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47775694" data-work_id="47775694" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47775694/CH%C3%8DNH_S%C3%81CH_L%C3%9AA_G%E1%BA%A0O_C%E1%BB%A6A_TH%C3%81I_LAN">CHÍNH SÁCH LÚA GẠO CỦA THÁI LAN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Thailand is among the world-leading rice producer and exporters with a long-time rice industry. Since its first market liberalization, Thailand's rice industry has experienced significant changes in terms of economic performance, policy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47775694" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Thailand is among the world-leading rice producer and exporters with a long-time rice industry. Since its first market liberalization, Thailand's rice industry has experienced significant changes in terms of economic performance, policy development, and domestic politics. The fact that the rice farmer population accounts for over 10% of the country's total population implies both economic and political significances which no Thai policymakers can ever ignore. However, the recent trend shows a substantial decline for the Thai rice industry which raises the question of what impacts Thai rice policy has on its performance.<br />The article studies the development of the Thai rice policy in connection with the structural problems of Thailand in terms of policy and implementation. Its finding is a modest attempt to improve our understanding of Thai rice policy and the underlying problems of the rice issue as an integral part of Thai people and politics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47775694" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2cd0ab54e9b9b5bc7d4df2f595de1c00" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66717631,"asset_id":47775694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66717631/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38605253" href="https://chula.academia.edu/NguyenHuyHoang">NGUYEN HUY HOANG</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38605253" type="text/json">{"id":38605253,"first_name":"NGUYEN","last_name":"HUY HOANG","domain_name":"chula","page_name":"NguyenHuyHoang","display_name":"NGUYEN HUY HOANG","profile_url":"https://chula.academia.edu/NguyenHuyHoang?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38605253/11063494/17360634/s65_nguyen_huy.hoang.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47775694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47775694"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47775694, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47775694", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47775694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47775694; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47775694"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47775694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47775694"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47775694; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47775694]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47775694").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47775694").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47775694"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10096" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand">Thailand</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10096" type="text/json">{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1723635" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy">Public Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1723635" type="text/json">{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47775694]'), work: {"id":47775694,"title":"CHÍNH SÁCH LÚA GẠO CỦA THÁI LAN","created_at":"2021-04-29T04:03:33.038-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47775694/CH%C3%8DNH_S%C3%81CH_L%C3%9AA_G%E1%BA%A0O_C%E1%BB%A6A_TH%C3%81I_LAN?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_47775694","summary":"Thailand is among the world-leading rice producer and exporters with a long-time rice industry. Since its first market liberalization, Thailand's rice industry has experienced significant changes in terms of economic performance, policy development, and domestic politics. The fact that the rice farmer population accounts for over 10% of the country's total population implies both economic and political significances which no Thai policymakers can ever ignore. However, the recent trend shows a substantial decline for the Thai rice industry which raises the question of what impacts Thai rice policy has on its performance.\nThe article studies the development of the Thai rice policy in connection with the structural problems of Thailand in terms of policy and implementation. Its finding is a modest attempt to improve our understanding of Thai rice policy and the underlying problems of the rice issue as an integral part of Thai people and politics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66717631,"asset_id":47775694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38605253,"first_name":"NGUYEN","last_name":"HUY HOANG","domain_name":"chula","page_name":"NguyenHuyHoang","display_name":"NGUYEN HUY HOANG","profile_url":"https://chula.academia.edu/NguyenHuyHoang?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38605253/11063494/17360634/s65_nguyen_huy.hoang.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12792327" data-work_id="12792327" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12792327/Geopolitica_dellenergia_gli_interessi_cinesi_sul_petrolio_iracheno">Geopolitica dell'energia: gli interessi cinesi sul petrolio iracheno</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Questo studio si propone di analizzare alcune recenti dinamiche della geopolitica dell'energia, focalizzando la trattazione degli argomenti sul contesto e sulle fattispecie che compongono il quadro di costituzione del partenariato... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12792327" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Questo studio si propone di analizzare alcune recenti dinamiche della<br />geopolitica dell'energia, focalizzando la trattazione degli argomenti sul<br />contesto e sulle fattispecie che compongono il quadro di costituzione del<br />partenariato energetico sino-iracheno, venuto in essere in un particolare<br />momento storico per la regione mediorientale, il ritorno in patria delle<br />truppe statunitensi alla fine della seconda Guerra del Golfo (2011).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12792327" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9270d3af909c7e0076e6bac32882d630" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37824336,"asset_id":12792327,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37824336/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18490696" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/FrancescaReho">Francesca Reho</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18490696" type="text/json">{"id":18490696,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Reho","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"FrancescaReho","display_name":"Francesca Reho","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/FrancescaReho?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18490696/5368596/6128867/s65_francesca.reho.jpg_oh_37fc71e957ce7a3e1ec56ba793cd16b6_oe_54b6ac6f___gda___1425101648_17b82be2188d12a93102ba9c88ca51be"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12792327 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12792327"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12792327, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12792327", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12792327 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12792327; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12792327"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12792327 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12792327"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12792327; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12792327]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12792327").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12792327").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12792327"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13725" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Going_Global">China Going Global</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13725" type="text/json">{"id":13725,"name":"China Going Global","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Going_Global?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13936" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Overseas_Investments">China Overseas Investments</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13936" type="text/json">{"id":13936,"name":"China Overseas Investments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Overseas_Investments?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12792327]'), work: {"id":12792327,"title":"Geopolitica dell'energia: gli interessi cinesi sul petrolio iracheno","created_at":"2015-06-04T03:48:18.248-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12792327/Geopolitica_dellenergia_gli_interessi_cinesi_sul_petrolio_iracheno?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_12792327","summary":"Questo studio si propone di analizzare alcune recenti dinamiche della\ngeopolitica dell'energia, focalizzando la trattazione degli argomenti sul\ncontesto e sulle fattispecie che compongono il quadro di costituzione del\npartenariato energetico sino-iracheno, venuto in essere in un particolare\nmomento storico per la regione mediorientale, il ritorno in patria delle\ntruppe statunitensi alla fine della seconda Guerra del Golfo (2011).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37824336,"asset_id":12792327,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18490696,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Reho","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"FrancescaReho","display_name":"Francesca Reho","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/FrancescaReho?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18490696/5368596/6128867/s65_francesca.reho.jpg_oh_37fc71e957ce7a3e1ec56ba793cd16b6_oe_54b6ac6f___gda___1425101648_17b82be2188d12a93102ba9c88ca51be"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":13725,"name":"China Going Global","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Going_Global?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":13936,"name":"China Overseas Investments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Overseas_Investments?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":17331,"name":"Oil and gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_gas?f_ri=6276"},{"id":30457,"name":"George W Bush adminstration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/George_W_Bush_adminstration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":34042,"name":"China and Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_and_Africa?f_ri=6276"},{"id":41274,"name":"Iran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran?f_ri=6276"},{"id":74580,"name":"Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq_War?f_ri=6276"},{"id":78874,"name":"MENA region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MENA_region?f_ri=6276"},{"id":123619,"name":"11 September Attacks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/11_September_Attacks?f_ri=6276"},{"id":153952,"name":"ENERGIA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENERGIA?f_ri=6276"},{"id":170384,"name":"Gulf War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_War?f_ri=6276"},{"id":373953,"name":"Stati Uniti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stati_Uniti?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1012266,"name":"Petrolio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petrolio?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1113481,"name":"Cina Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cina_Capitalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1266785,"name":"PNAC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PNAC?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77464617" data-work_id="77464617" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77464617/Socialism_and_the_1914_moment">Socialism and the 1914 moment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This is the text of my talk to the webinar, hosted by the International Manifesto Group, on 'Anti-Imperialism & the Western Left'.<br /><br />It also contains links to recommended reading, at the end</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77464617" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40e315004df75445d114b169d33c34c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84798039,"asset_id":77464617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84798039/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17205" href="https://geopoliticaleconomy.academia.edu/AlanFreeman">Alan Freeman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17205" type="text/json">{"id":17205,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Freeman","domain_name":"geopoliticaleconomy","page_name":"AlanFreeman","display_name":"Alan Freeman","profile_url":"https://geopoliticaleconomy.academia.edu/AlanFreeman?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17205/5765/2516138/s65_alan.freeman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77464617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77464617"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77464617, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77464617", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77464617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77464617; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77464617"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77464617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77464617"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77464617; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77464617]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77464617").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77464617").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77464617"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6556" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism">Colonialism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6556" type="text/json">{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56908" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism">Imperialism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="56908" type="text/json">{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77464617]'), work: {"id":77464617,"title":"Socialism and the 1914 moment","created_at":"2022-04-24T09:12:20.430-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77464617/Socialism_and_the_1914_moment?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_77464617","summary":"This is the text of my talk to the webinar, hosted by the International Manifesto Group, on 'Anti-Imperialism \u0026 the Western Left'.\n\nIt also contains links to recommended reading, at the end","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84798039,"asset_id":77464617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17205,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Freeman","domain_name":"geopoliticaleconomy","page_name":"AlanFreeman","display_name":"Alan Freeman","profile_url":"https://geopoliticaleconomy.academia.edu/AlanFreeman?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17205/5765/2516138/s65_alan.freeman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68443455" data-work_id="68443455" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68443455/Funding_Democracy_Public_Media_and_Democratic_Health_in_33_Countries">Funding Democracy: Public Media and Democratic Health in 33 Countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines whether and how public media systems contribute to the health of democracies in 33 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, the Middle East, Latin America, and South America. We gather national economic data... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68443455" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines whether and how public media systems contribute to the health of democracies in 33 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, the Middle East, Latin America, and South America. We gather national economic data and public media funding levels, audience shares, and regulatory data, primarily for 2018 and 2019 but in some cases earlier, due to lack of available data. We then assess correlations with strength of democracy indices and extend Hallin and Mancini's typology of North American and European media systems through hierarchical cluster analysis of these 33 countries. We find five models of public media systems around the world, ranging from "state-administered" systems with low levels of independence (Botswana and Tunisia) to systems aligning with Hallin and Mancini's "Democratic Corporatist" model, with strong and secure (multiyear) funding, large audience shares, and strong regulatory protection for their independence. In between, we identify three mixed models: a "Liberal-Pluralist" model, a "Direct Funding" model, and a "Commercial-Public" model. Correlations and cluster analyses show that high levels of secure funding for public media systems and strong structural protections for the political and economic independence of those systems are consistently and positively correlated with healthy democracies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68443455" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68095db20d48ece38a011f87481245ef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78915750,"asset_id":68443455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78915750/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="251508" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="251508" type="text/json">{"id":251508,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Pickard","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"VictorPickard","display_name":"Victor Pickard","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/251508/2254604/22955663/s65_victor.pickard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68443455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68443455"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68443455, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68443455", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68443455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68443455; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68443455"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68443455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68443455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68443455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68443455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68443455").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68443455").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68443455"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="994" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism">Journalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="994" type="text/json">{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68443455]'), work: {"id":68443455,"title":"Funding Democracy: Public Media and Democratic Health in 33 Countries","created_at":"2022-01-16T14:17:20.178-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68443455/Funding_Democracy_Public_Media_and_Democratic_Health_in_33_Countries?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_68443455","summary":"This study examines whether and how public media systems contribute to the health of democracies in 33 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, the Middle East, Latin America, and South America. We gather national economic data and public media funding levels, audience shares, and regulatory data, primarily for 2018 and 2019 but in some cases earlier, due to lack of available data. We then assess correlations with strength of democracy indices and extend Hallin and Mancini's typology of North American and European media systems through hierarchical cluster analysis of these 33 countries. We find five models of public media systems around the world, ranging from \"state-administered\" systems with low levels of independence (Botswana and Tunisia) to systems aligning with Hallin and Mancini's \"Democratic Corporatist\" model, with strong and secure (multiyear) funding, large audience shares, and strong regulatory protection for their independence. In between, we identify three mixed models: a \"Liberal-Pluralist\" model, a \"Direct Funding\" model, and a \"Commercial-Public\" model. Correlations and cluster analyses show that high levels of secure funding for public media systems and strong structural protections for the political and economic independence of those systems are consistently and positively correlated with healthy democracies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78915750,"asset_id":68443455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":251508,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Pickard","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"VictorPickard","display_name":"Victor Pickard","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/251508/2254604/22955663/s65_victor.pickard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1743,"name":"Political Economy of Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_Communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2933,"name":"Democratic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":8052,"name":"Media Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10465,"name":"Public Service Broadcasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Service_Broadcasting?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11010,"name":"Communication Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19079,"name":"Media and public policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_public_policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19213,"name":"Political Economy of the Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_the_Media?f_ri=6276"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=6276"},{"id":54340,"name":"Journalism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":79713,"name":"Mass Comunication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Comunication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":81988,"name":"Comparative studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_studies?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8989515" data-work_id="8989515" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8989515/Law_Without_the_State_The_Emergence_of_Spontaneous_Legal_Order_Within_Commercial_Systems">Law Without the State: The Emergence of Spontaneous Legal Order Within Commercial Systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines the idea that commercial law has the capacity to evolve spontaneously in the absence of a clear state authority because of its unique nature. I argue that the manner of interaction implied by commerce plays a crucial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8989515" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines the idea that commercial law has the capacity to evolve spontaneously in the absence of a clear state authority because of its unique nature. I argue that the manner of interaction implied by commerce plays a crucial role in this ability as it involves a high degree of overall engagement. This I term “high engagement,” which I divide into two elements: repetition and the creation of clear cycles of interaction. Together they produce identifiable legal norms and subsequent compliance. Game theorists have long recognized the importance of repeated interaction in inducing cooperation; however, how the manner of commercial interaction itself facilitates this process has been left largely unexamined. Part I presents a brief overview of the concept of reciprocity and spontaneous law theory. In Part II, a more detailed explanation of the notion of high engagement is offered. Here I set out exactly how high engagement is instrumental in the emergence of legal norms. Finally, the paper concludes that the element of high engagement indeed plays a decisive role in commercial law’s ability to evolve and function in a decentralized, spontaneous fashion—an important insight in terms of the future international development of the modern law merchant as it emerges in the absence of a single legislative authority.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8989515" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e8046af5b718ae321ea0190e525c6b01" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44878117,"asset_id":8989515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44878117/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="213606" href="https://cuhk.academia.edu/BryanHDruzin">Bryan H. Druzin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="213606" type="text/json">{"id":213606,"first_name":"Bryan H.","last_name":"Druzin","domain_name":"cuhk","page_name":"BryanHDruzin","display_name":"Bryan H. Druzin","profile_url":"https://cuhk.academia.edu/BryanHDruzin?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/213606/48960/29944082/s65_bryan_h..druzin.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8989515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8989515"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8989515, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8989515", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8989515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8989515; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8989515"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8989515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8989515"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8989515; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8989515]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8989515").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8989515").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8989515"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="757" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Game_Theory">Game Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="757" type="text/json">{"id":757,"name":"Game Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Game_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="796" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics">Comparative Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="796" type="text/json">{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8989515]'), work: {"id":8989515,"title":"Law Without the State: The Emergence of Spontaneous Legal Order Within Commercial Systems","created_at":"2014-10-27T14:42:31.333-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8989515/Law_Without_the_State_The_Emergence_of_Spontaneous_Legal_Order_Within_Commercial_Systems?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_8989515","summary":"This paper examines the idea that commercial law has the capacity to evolve spontaneously in the absence of a clear state authority because of its unique nature. I argue that the manner of interaction implied by commerce plays a crucial role in this ability as it involves a high degree of overall engagement. This I term “high engagement,” which I divide into two elements: repetition and the creation of clear cycles of interaction. Together they produce identifiable legal norms and subsequent compliance. Game theorists have long recognized the importance of repeated interaction in inducing cooperation; however, how the manner of commercial interaction itself facilitates this process has been left largely unexamined. Part I presents a brief overview of the concept of reciprocity and spontaneous law theory. In Part II, a more detailed explanation of the notion of high engagement is offered. Here I set out exactly how high engagement is instrumental in the emergence of legal norms. Finally, the paper concludes that the element of high engagement indeed plays a decisive role in commercial law’s ability to evolve and function in a decentralized, spontaneous fashion—an important insight in terms of the future international development of the modern law merchant as it emerges in the absence of a single legislative authority.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44878117,"asset_id":8989515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":213606,"first_name":"Bryan H.","last_name":"Druzin","domain_name":"cuhk","page_name":"BryanHDruzin","display_name":"Bryan H. Druzin","profile_url":"https://cuhk.academia.edu/BryanHDruzin?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/213606/48960/29944082/s65_bryan_h..druzin.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":757,"name":"Game Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Game_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2793,"name":"Transnationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3781,"name":"Private International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_International_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7495,"name":"Law and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9381,"name":"International Commercial Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Commercial_Arbitration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13972,"name":"Commercial Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":20767,"name":"International Business Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45148390 coauthored" data-work_id="45148390" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45148390/State_Fragility_and_Covid_19_pandemic_Implications_on_the_political_economy_of_Nigeria">State Fragility and Covid-19 pandemic: Implications on the political economy of Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The outbreak of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has seriously impacted negatively on the socio-economic and political activities in the international system. The pandemic has exposed the leadership capacities and health investments... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45148390" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The outbreak of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has seriously impacted negatively on the socio-economic and political activities in the international system. The pandemic has exposed the leadership capacities and health investments cum preparedness of countries across the globe. This paper studies the reactions and responses of nations in containing the deadly virus and observes that while Western nations react rapidly and more proactively, African nations seem to be caught in a web of religious prevarications and State fragility which has impugned on the efforts of States in containing the virus. The paper argues that the Nigerian government’s response so far in containing the virus is indicative of State fragility and that the prevailing perception of the virus as eschatological and nihilistic among the citizens, especially the very religious ones, may further obfuscate and mar government’s efforts in containing the virus. The paper will show how the government’s approach engenders a dire socioeconomic complication which may have more disastrous effects on the political economy of post Covid-19 Nigeria and suggested ways forward.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45148390" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99fc5bdfdea03096d390f6cf8a3a3e44" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65722584,"asset_id":45148390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65722584/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4803686" href="https://funai.academia.edu/ChudiChidumePhD">Chudi Chidume Ph.D</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4803686" type="text/json">{"id":4803686,"first_name":"Chudi","last_name":"Chidume Ph.D","domain_name":"funai","page_name":"ChudiChidumePhD","display_name":"Chudi Chidume Ph.D","profile_url":"https://funai.academia.edu/ChudiChidumePhD?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4803686/2047761/2412199/s65_chidume.chudi.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45148390">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45148390"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/okochukwuemeka">oko chukwuemeka</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45148390'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45148390').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45148390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45148390"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45148390, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45148390", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45148390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45148390; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45148390"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45148390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45148390"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45148390; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45148390]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45148390").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45148390").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45148390"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45148390]'), work: {"id":45148390,"title":"State Fragility and Covid-19 pandemic: Implications on the political economy of Nigeria","created_at":"2021-02-18T10:37:14.346-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45148390/State_Fragility_and_Covid_19_pandemic_Implications_on_the_political_economy_of_Nigeria?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_45148390","summary":"The outbreak of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has seriously impacted negatively on the socio-economic and political activities in the international system. The pandemic has exposed the leadership capacities and health investments cum preparedness of countries across the globe. This paper studies the reactions and responses of nations in containing the deadly virus and observes that while Western nations react rapidly and more proactively, African nations seem to be caught in a web of religious prevarications and State fragility which has impugned on the efforts of States in containing the virus. The paper argues that the Nigerian government’s response so far in containing the virus is indicative of State fragility and that the prevailing perception of the virus as eschatological and nihilistic among the citizens, especially the very religious ones, may further obfuscate and mar government’s efforts in containing the virus. The paper will show how the government’s approach engenders a dire socioeconomic complication which may have more disastrous effects on the political economy of post Covid-19 Nigeria and suggested ways forward.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65722584,"asset_id":45148390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4803686,"first_name":"Chudi","last_name":"Chidume Ph.D","domain_name":"funai","page_name":"ChudiChidumePhD","display_name":"Chudi Chidume Ph.D","profile_url":"https://funai.academia.edu/ChudiChidumePhD?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4803686/2047761/2412199/s65_chidume.chudi.jpg"},{"id":50628688,"first_name":"oko","last_name":"chukwuemeka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"okochukwuemeka","display_name":"oko chukwuemeka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/okochukwuemeka?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50628688/20406685/20075931/s65_oko.chukwuemeka.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69792760 coauthored" data-work_id="69792760" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69792760/Geopol%C3%ADtica_y_geoeconom%C3%ADa_de_la_cooperaci%C3%B3n_entre_China_y_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_el_Caribe">Geopolítica y geoeconomía de la cooperación entre China y América Latina y el Caribe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En lo que va del siglo XXI, los intercambios comerciales y empresariales, así como las relaciones de cooperación entre China y América Latina y el Caribe, se han incrementado exponencialmente. La creación del Foro de Cooperación... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69792760" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En lo que va del siglo XXI, los intercambios comerciales y empresariales, así como las relaciones de cooperación entre China y América Latina y el Caribe, se han incrementado exponencialmente. La creación del Foro de Cooperación China-CELAC para la promoción de la relación estratégica integral (2015), el nuevo Documento sobre política de China hacia América Latina y el Caribe (2016) y la incorporación de la región a The Belt and Road Initiative, son indicativos de que los países de América Latina y el Caribe, a decir del documento de la Oficina de Líderes para dicha iniciativa, son “importantes mercados emergentes así como principales socios comerciales de China”.<br />Ante ello, este quinto volumen de la Red Iberoamericana Académica de Cooperación Internacional (RIACI), convocado en conjunto con el Grupo de Investigación en cooperación Sur-Sur e integraciones regionales de la Red Española de Estudios del Desarrollo (GICSS-REEDES), estudia las implicaciones geoeconómicas y geopolíticas de la relación cada vez más estrecha entre China y la región de América Latina y el Caribe, con una perspectiva histórica amplia, desde enfoques teóricos críticos y con el apoyo de nuevo material empírico.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69792760" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="338781b0bb1ab934b5011ffe859f9069" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79752181,"asset_id":69792760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79752181/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4050141" href="https://buap.academia.edu/GiuseppeLoBrutto">Giuseppe Lo Brutto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4050141" type="text/json">{"id":4050141,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Lo Brutto","domain_name":"buap","page_name":"GiuseppeLoBrutto","display_name":"Giuseppe Lo Brutto","profile_url":"https://buap.academia.edu/GiuseppeLoBrutto?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4050141/1548152/54626344/s65_giuseppe.lo_brutto.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-69792760">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-69792760"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://pucp.academia.edu/DanieleBenzi">Daniele Benzi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-69792760'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-69792760').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69792760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69792760"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69792760, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69792760", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69792760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69792760; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69792760"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69792760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69792760"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69792760; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69792760]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69792760").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69792760").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69792760"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="268" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics">Political Geography and Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="268" type="text/json">{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2990" type="text/json">{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69792760]'), work: {"id":69792760,"title":"Geopolítica y geoeconomía de la cooperación entre China y América Latina y el Caribe","created_at":"2022-01-28T07:30:37.991-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69792760/Geopol%C3%ADtica_y_geoeconom%C3%ADa_de_la_cooperaci%C3%B3n_entre_China_y_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_el_Caribe?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_69792760","summary":"En lo que va del siglo XXI, los intercambios comerciales y empresariales, así como las relaciones de cooperación entre China y América Latina y el Caribe, se han incrementado exponencialmente. La creación del Foro de Cooperación China-CELAC para la promoción de la relación estratégica integral (2015), el nuevo Documento sobre política de China hacia América Latina y el Caribe (2016) y la incorporación de la región a The Belt and Road Initiative, son indicativos de que los países de América Latina y el Caribe, a decir del documento de la Oficina de Líderes para dicha iniciativa, son “importantes mercados emergentes así como principales socios comerciales de China”.\nAnte ello, este quinto volumen de la Red Iberoamericana Académica de Cooperación Internacional (RIACI), convocado en conjunto con el Grupo de Investigación en cooperación Sur-Sur e integraciones regionales de la Red Española de Estudios del Desarrollo (GICSS-REEDES), estudia las implicaciones geoeconómicas y geopolíticas de la relación cada vez más estrecha entre China y la región de América Latina y el Caribe, con una perspectiva histórica amplia, desde enfoques teóricos críticos y con el apoyo de nuevo material empírico.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79752181,"asset_id":69792760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4050141,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Lo Brutto","domain_name":"buap","page_name":"GiuseppeLoBrutto","display_name":"Giuseppe Lo Brutto","profile_url":"https://buap.academia.edu/GiuseppeLoBrutto?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4050141/1548152/54626344/s65_giuseppe.lo_brutto.jpeg"},{"id":2241400,"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Benzi","domain_name":"pucp","page_name":"DanieleBenzi","display_name":"Daniele Benzi","profile_url":"https://pucp.academia.edu/DanieleBenzi?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2241400/15389392/53317722/s65_daniele.benzi.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13725,"name":"China Going Global","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Going_Global?f_ri=6276"},{"id":88935,"name":"Sociología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=6276"},{"id":89295,"name":"Relaciones Internacionales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relaciones_Internacionales?f_ri=6276"},{"id":89565,"name":"Geoeconomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoeconomics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":115243,"name":"International Development Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development_Cooperation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":159995,"name":"América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=6276"},{"id":195481,"name":"Geopolítica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=6276"},{"id":239181,"name":"Cooperación Internacional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Internacional?f_ri=6276"},{"id":265096,"name":"Facultad de ciencias politicas y sociales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facultad_de_ciencias_politicas_y_sociales?f_ri=6276"},{"id":293003,"name":"Geoeconomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoeconomy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":378600,"name":"Cooperación Sur-Sur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperacion_Sur-Sur?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1007661,"name":"Cooperación Sur Sur Y Triangular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperacion_Sur_Sur_Y_Triangular?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35861219 coauthored" data-work_id="35861219" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35861219/Race_Gender_and_Culture_in_International_Relations_Postcolonial_Perspectives">Race, Gender, and Culture in International Relations. Postcolonial Perspectives.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">International relations theory has broadened out considerably since the end of the Cold War. Topics and issues once deemed irrelevant to the discipline have been systematically drawn into the debate and great strides have been made in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35861219" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">International relations theory has broadened out considerably since the end of the Cold War. Topics and issues once deemed irrelevant to the discipline have been systematically drawn into the debate and great strides have been made in the areas of culture/identity, race, and gender in the discipline. However, despite these major developments over the last two decades, currently there are no comprehensive textbooks that deal with race, gender, and culture in IR from a postcolonial perspective. This textbook fills this important gap. Persaud and Sajed have drawn together an outstanding lineup of scholars, with each chapter illustrating the ways these specific lenses (race, gender, culture) condition or alter our assumptions about world politics. Drawing together prominent scholars in critical International Relations, this work shows why and how race, gender and culture matter and will be essential reading for all students of global politics and International Relations theory.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35861219" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5052b9f012cf9266cfffb6f55f88a6a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56417045,"asset_id":35861219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56417045/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52543561" href="https://mcmaster.academia.edu/AlinaSajed">Alina Sajed</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52543561" type="text/json">{"id":52543561,"first_name":"Alina","last_name":"Sajed","domain_name":"mcmaster","page_name":"AlinaSajed","display_name":"Alina Sajed","profile_url":"https://mcmaster.academia.edu/AlinaSajed?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52543561/13885542/35565042/s65_alina.sajed.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35861219">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35861219"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://american.academia.edu/RandolphPersaud">Randolph B Persaud</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35861219'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35861219').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35861219 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35861219"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35861219, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35861219", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35861219 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35861219; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35861219"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35861219 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35861219"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35861219; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35861219]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35861219").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35861219").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35861219"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1166" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory">International Relations Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1166" type="text/json">{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1192" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory">Feminist Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1192" type="text/json">{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35861219]'), work: {"id":35861219,"title":"Race, Gender, and Culture in International Relations. Postcolonial Perspectives.","created_at":"2018-02-07T08:56:05.511-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35861219/Race_Gender_and_Culture_in_International_Relations_Postcolonial_Perspectives?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_35861219","summary":"International relations theory has broadened out considerably since the end of the Cold War. Topics and issues once deemed irrelevant to the discipline have been systematically drawn into the debate and great strides have been made in the areas of culture/identity, race, and gender in the discipline. However, despite these major developments over the last two decades, currently there are no comprehensive textbooks that deal with race, gender, and culture in IR from a postcolonial perspective. This textbook fills this important gap. Persaud and Sajed have drawn together an outstanding lineup of scholars, with each chapter illustrating the ways these specific lenses (race, gender, culture) condition or alter our assumptions about world politics. Drawing together prominent scholars in critical International Relations, this work shows why and how race, gender and culture matter and will be essential reading for all students of global politics and International Relations theory.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56417045,"asset_id":35861219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52543561,"first_name":"Alina","last_name":"Sajed","domain_name":"mcmaster","page_name":"AlinaSajed","display_name":"Alina Sajed","profile_url":"https://mcmaster.academia.edu/AlinaSajed?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52543561/13885542/35565042/s65_alina.sajed.jpeg"},{"id":42660142,"first_name":"Randolph","last_name":"Persaud","domain_name":"american","page_name":"RandolphPersaud","display_name":"Randolph B Persaud","profile_url":"https://american.academia.edu/RandolphPersaud?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42660142/18713512/116962034/s65_randolph.persaud.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12760,"name":"Postcolonial Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Feminism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13995,"name":"Postcolonial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":14412,"name":"Black feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_feminism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":24294,"name":"Gender and Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Race?f_ri=6276"},{"id":25064,"name":"Black Feminist Theory/Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Feminist_Theory_Thought?f_ri=6276"},{"id":28507,"name":"History of Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":41362,"name":"Third World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Third_World?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_539136 coauthored" data-work_id="539136" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/539136/Contemporary_Southeast_Asia_The_Politics_of_Change_Contestation_and_Adaptation">Contemporary Southeast Asia: The Politics of Change, Contestation and Adaptation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This thoroughly updated new edition of an already popular text brings together specially-commissioned chapters by leading authorities, rigorously edited to ensure systematic coverage. It provides students with an accessible and up-to-date... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_539136" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This thoroughly updated new edition of an already popular text brings together specially-commissioned chapters by leading authorities, rigorously edited to ensure systematic coverage. It provides students with an accessible and up-to-date thematically-structured comparative introduction to Southeast Asia today.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/539136" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9feb58c458d8f8d1432d7266c2b9726d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59395328,"asset_id":539136,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59395328/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="408150" href="https://uts.academia.edu/MarkBeeson">Mark Beeson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="408150" type="text/json">{"id":408150,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Beeson","domain_name":"uts","page_name":"MarkBeeson","display_name":"Mark Beeson","profile_url":"https://uts.academia.edu/MarkBeeson?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/408150/99958/5722517/s65_mark.beeson.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-539136">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-539136"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://udel.academia.edu/AliceBa">Alice Ba</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-539136'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-539136').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_539136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="539136"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 539136, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_539136", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_539136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 539136; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_539136"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_539136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="539136"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 539136; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=539136]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_539136").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_539136").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="539136"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asia">East Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5470" type="text/json">{"id":5470,"name":"East Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asia?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=539136]'), work: {"id":539136,"title":"Contemporary Southeast Asia: The Politics of Change, Contestation and Adaptation","created_at":"2011-04-20T11:03:47.015-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/539136/Contemporary_Southeast_Asia_The_Politics_of_Change_Contestation_and_Adaptation?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_539136","summary":"This thoroughly updated new edition of an already popular text brings together specially-commissioned chapters by leading authorities, rigorously edited to ensure systematic coverage. It provides students with an accessible and up-to-date thematically-structured comparative introduction to Southeast Asia today.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59395328,"asset_id":539136,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":408150,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Beeson","domain_name":"uts","page_name":"MarkBeeson","display_name":"Mark Beeson","profile_url":"https://uts.academia.edu/MarkBeeson?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/408150/99958/5722517/s65_mark.beeson.jpg"},{"id":10631080,"first_name":"Alice","last_name":"Ba","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"AliceBa","display_name":"Alice Ba","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/AliceBa?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":5470,"name":"East Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asia?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35856871 coauthored" data-work_id="35856871" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35856871/The_Supply_Chain_Management_Practices_of_the_Fine_Jewelry_Industry_in_Cagayan_de_Oro_City">The Supply Chain Management Practices of the Fine Jewelry Industry in Cagayan de Oro City</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This study is about the Supply Chain Management</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35856871" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="539ece509b5185bc162443a48f4b121e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55735512,"asset_id":35856871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55735512/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14291593" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThoughtsandMoreThoughts">Sl domerique</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14291593" type="text/json">{"id":14291593,"first_name":"Sl","last_name":"domerique","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThoughtsandMoreThoughts","display_name":"Sl domerique","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThoughtsandMoreThoughts?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14291593/10092292/34245661/s65_dr.leh.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35856871">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35856871"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://xavier.academia.edu/KerwinSalvadorCaragos">Kerwin Salvador Caragos</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35856871'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35856871').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35856871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35856871"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35856871, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35856871", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35856871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35856871; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35856871"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35856871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35856871"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35856871; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35856871]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35856871").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35856871").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35856871"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">68</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Administration">Business Administration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45" type="text/json">{"id":45,"name":"Business Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Administration?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35856871]'), work: {"id":35856871,"title":"The Supply Chain Management Practices of the Fine Jewelry Industry in Cagayan de Oro City","created_at":"2018-02-06T19:36:53.220-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35856871/The_Supply_Chain_Management_Practices_of_the_Fine_Jewelry_Industry_in_Cagayan_de_Oro_City?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_35856871","summary":"This study is about the Supply Chain Management","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55735512,"asset_id":35856871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14291593,"first_name":"Sl","last_name":"domerique","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThoughtsandMoreThoughts","display_name":"Sl domerique","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThoughtsandMoreThoughts?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14291593/10092292/34245661/s65_dr.leh.jpg"},{"id":15191934,"first_name":"Kerwin Salvador","last_name":"Caragos","domain_name":"xavier","page_name":"KerwinSalvadorCaragos","display_name":"Kerwin Salvador Caragos","profile_url":"https://xavier.academia.edu/KerwinSalvadorCaragos?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15191934/5702603/6486281/s65_kerwin_salvador.caragos.jpg_oh_c6a227b1103c5caaf770d2f03c9a79ed_oe_54e7fb13___gda___1425594756_1de6c9a6c57c96f7166da17c618230df"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":45,"name":"Business Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Administration?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":748,"name":"Financial Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=6276"},{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1241,"name":"Knowledge Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1335,"name":"Supply Chain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supply_Chain_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2277,"name":"Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2535,"name":"Operations Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operations_Research?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2553,"name":"Social Networking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3105,"name":"Construction Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3398,"name":"Educational Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3429,"name":"Educational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Research?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3637,"name":"Advertising","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advertising?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4738,"name":"Academic Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Writing?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4986,"name":"Public Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5009,"name":"Strategic Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9822,"name":"Education Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12135,"name":"Qualitative Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13258,"name":"Marketing Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing_Research?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=6276"},{"id":17580,"name":"Human Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resources?f_ri=6276"},{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=6276"},{"id":21168,"name":"Strategy (Business)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Business_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":23326,"name":"Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":46429,"name":"Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51360,"name":"Economia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economia?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51625,"name":"Educación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=6276"},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":91380,"name":"Hotel Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hotel_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":128893,"name":"Administracion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administracion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4550919" data-work_id="4550919" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4550919/The_Directors_Duties_of_the_UK_Companies_Act_2006">The Directors’ Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This Paper explores and summarises the Director's Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006 with emphasis on "the duty to promote the success of the company. Tags: Companies Act 2006 model articles, Companies Act 2006 summary companies act... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4550919" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This Paper explores and summarises the Director's Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006 with emphasis on "the duty to promote the success of the company. <br /> <br />Tags: <br />Companies Act 2006 model articles, Companies Act 2006 summary <br />companies act 2006 pdf <br />companies act 2006 model articles <br />companies act 2006 regulations 2013 <br />Companies Act 2006 UK <br />UK Companies Act 2006</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4550919" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8027dbeba246a347bd63ccbefeb6b72a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37490097,"asset_id":4550919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37490097/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5650308" href="https://liverpool.academia.edu/MarvinRowe">Marvin Rowe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5650308" type="text/json">{"id":5650308,"first_name":"Marvin","last_name":"Rowe","domain_name":"liverpool","page_name":"MarvinRowe","display_name":"Marvin Rowe","profile_url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/MarvinRowe?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4550919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4550919"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4550919, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4550919", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4550919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4550919; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4550919"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4550919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4550919"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4550919; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4550919]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4550919").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4550919").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4550919"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">146</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior">Organizational Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32" type="text/json">{"id":32,"name":"Organizational Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4550919]'), work: {"id":4550919,"title":"The Directors’ Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006","created_at":"2013-09-22T01:23:55.937-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4550919/The_Directors_Duties_of_the_UK_Companies_Act_2006?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_4550919","summary":"This Paper explores and summarises the Director's Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006 with emphasis on \"the duty to promote the success of the company.\r\n\r\nTags:\r\nCompanies Act 2006 model articles, Companies Act 2006 summary\r\ncompanies act 2006 pdf\r\ncompanies act 2006 model articles\r\ncompanies act 2006 regulations 2013\r\nCompanies Act 2006 UK\r\nUK Companies Act 2006","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37490097,"asset_id":4550919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5650308,"first_name":"Marvin","last_name":"Rowe","domain_name":"liverpool","page_name":"MarvinRowe","display_name":"Marvin Rowe","profile_url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/MarvinRowe?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":32,"name":"Organizational Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=6276"},{"id":45,"name":"Business Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Administration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=6276"},{"id":49,"name":"Electrical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=6276"},{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=6276"},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=6276"},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=6276"},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":748,"name":"Financial Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=6276"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=6276"},{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1060,"name":"Legal Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1077,"name":"Educational Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Leadership?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1241,"name":"Knowledge Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1380,"name":"Computer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Engineering?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2009,"name":"Data Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Mining?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2095,"name":"Corporate Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2277,"name":"Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2782,"name":"Corporate Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2858,"name":"Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3398,"name":"Educational Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3429,"name":"Educational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Research?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3492,"name":"Financial Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Accounting-2?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3592,"name":"Director","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Director?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3660,"name":"Global Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3772,"name":"Legal History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3823,"name":"Corporate Entrepreneurship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Entrepreneurship?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4051,"name":"Business Process Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Process_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4167,"name":"Corporate Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Governance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4986,"name":"Public Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5009,"name":"Strategic Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5102,"name":"Regional and Local Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_and_Local_Governance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7321,"name":"History Of London","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_London?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7560,"name":"Public International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_International_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":8063,"name":"Corporate Governance \u0026 Corporate Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Governance_and_Corporate_Responsibility?f_ri=6276"},{"id":8880,"name":"Corporate Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Sustainability?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13258,"name":"Marketing Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing_Research?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=6276"},{"id":20471,"name":"Leadership Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":20715,"name":"Legal Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":21168,"name":"Strategy (Business)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Business_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":21923,"name":"Islamic Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Banking?f_ri=6276"},{"id":21928,"name":"Islamic Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":25116,"name":"International Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":27560,"name":"Company Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Company_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":28430,"name":"Corporate Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Communications?f_ri=6276"},{"id":29571,"name":"Multinational Corporations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multinational_Corporations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":32680,"name":"Urban Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Governance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":33743,"name":"Corporate Reputation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Reputation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":40867,"name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Kingdom?f_ri=6276"},{"id":50601,"name":"Corporate culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_culture?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51267,"name":"Corporate Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Strategy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management?f_ri=6276"},{"id":55966,"name":"Good Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Governance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":63609,"name":"EU company law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU_company_law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":73676,"name":"Cultural Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Globalization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":82174,"name":"University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University?f_ri=6276"},{"id":97979,"name":"Corporate governance, board of directors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_governance_board_of_directors?f_ri=6276"},{"id":147142,"name":"Business \u0026 Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":149093,"name":"European Company Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Company_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":152755,"name":"International Aspects of Corporate and Insolvency law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Aspects_of_Corporate_and_Insolvency_law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":200283,"name":"Boards of directors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boards_of_directors?f_ri=6276"},{"id":200295,"name":"Board of Directors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Board_of_Directors?f_ri=6276"},{"id":562371,"name":"Global Economic Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Economic_Governance-1?f_ri=6276"},{"id":663621,"name":"Company history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Company_history?f_ri=6276"},{"id":892228,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1019471,"name":"Company and Commercial Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Company_and_Commercial_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1125589,"name":"Companies Act 2006","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Companies_Act_2006?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1197942,"name":"Social Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1490464,"name":"Directors' Duties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Directors_Duties-1?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7025305" data-work_id="7025305" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7025305/Islam_as_an_Ethical_Tradition_of_International_Relations">Islam as an Ethical Tradition of International Relations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The paper discusses the role that Islamic values can play in articulating Islam as an ethical tradition that can shape the international relations.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7025305" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32164f87165552c03c0418dcd72599b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33683063,"asset_id":7025305,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33683063/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3388" href="https://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan">Muqtedar Khan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3388" type="text/json">{"id":3388,"first_name":"Muqtedar","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"MuqtedarKhan","display_name":"Muqtedar Khan","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3388/1418/93215313/s65_muqtedar.khan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7025305 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7025305"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7025305, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7025305", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7025305 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7025305; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7025305"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7025305 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7025305"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7025305; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7025305]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7025305").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7025305").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7025305"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">145</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements">New Religious Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120" type="text/json">{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7025305]'), work: {"id":7025305,"title":"Islam as an Ethical Tradition of International Relations","created_at":"2014-05-12T14:08:31.459-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7025305/Islam_as_an_Ethical_Tradition_of_International_Relations?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_7025305","summary":"The paper discusses the role that Islamic values can play in articulating Islam as an ethical tradition that can shape the international relations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33683063,"asset_id":7025305,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3388,"first_name":"Muqtedar","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"MuqtedarKhan","display_name":"Muqtedar Khan","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3388/1418/93215313/s65_muqtedar.khan.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=6276"},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":211,"name":"Sociology of Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Culture?f_ri=6276"},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":378,"name":"Area Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":736,"name":"Islamic Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":904,"name":"Normative Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normative_Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=6276"},{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1271,"name":"Near Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2016,"name":"Middle East \u0026 North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2397,"name":"Religious Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2504,"name":"Research Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2604,"name":"Israel Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3291,"name":"History and Classical tradition studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Classical_tradition_studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3660,"name":"Global Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4565,"name":"Law and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Religion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4979,"name":"Islamic Contemporary Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4986,"name":"Public Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5338,"name":"Liberation Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberation_Theology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5559,"name":"Political Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Culture?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5674,"name":"Islamic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5675,"name":"Kalam (Islamic Theology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalam_Islamic_Theology_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6184,"name":"Israel/Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Palestine?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6248,"name":"Religious Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6394,"name":"Religious Pluralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Pluralism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6544,"name":"Islamic Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6546,"name":"Islamic Education \u0026 Islamic Schooling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education_and_Islamic_Schooling?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6693,"name":"Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palestine?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6739,"name":"Medieval Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islam?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6749,"name":"Cultural Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7322,"name":"Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mysticism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7368,"name":"Science and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7540,"name":"Oral Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Traditions?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7560,"name":"Public International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_International_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=6276"},{"id":8356,"name":"Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":8700,"name":"Turkish and Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9688,"name":"Globalisation and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10099,"name":"History of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religions?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10104,"name":"Ancient Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10810,"name":"Ethical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11152,"name":"Sufism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sufism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11665,"name":"International Humanitarian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Humanitarian_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12349,"name":"Spirituality \u0026 Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality_and_Mysticism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12785,"name":"History of International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12809,"name":"Middle Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13952,"name":"Global Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Leadership?f_ri=6276"},{"id":14648,"name":"Islamic Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":14970,"name":"Muslims in Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslims_in_Europe?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16171,"name":"Islamic Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Political_Thought?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16802,"name":"Islamic feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_feminism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18017,"name":"Ethics and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_and_Religion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19335,"name":"Ancient myth and religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_myth_and_religion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":20634,"name":"Muslim-Christian Relation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim-Christian_Relation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":21923,"name":"Islamic Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Banking?f_ri=6276"},{"id":21928,"name":"Islamic Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":25118,"name":"Medieval Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":25719,"name":"Religious History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":30571,"name":"Islamic Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Mysticism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":33180,"name":"Political Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Islam?f_ri=6276"},{"id":33711,"name":"Islamic Banking And Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Banking_And_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":33855,"name":"Moral and Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_and_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":39824,"name":"International Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":40114,"name":"Muslim Brotherhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Brotherhood?f_ri=6276"},{"id":42814,"name":"Ethics and economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_and_economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East?f_ri=6276"},{"id":44006,"name":"Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":45018,"name":"Islamic History and Muslim Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History_and_Muslim_Civilization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":68847,"name":"Liberal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberal_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":77767,"name":"Pengajian Al Quran Dan Al Sunnah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pengajian_Al_Quran_Dan_Al_Sunnah?f_ri=6276"},{"id":120722,"name":"Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith?f_ri=6276"},{"id":127895,"name":"Non-Traditional Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Traditional_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":147142,"name":"Business \u0026 Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":193481,"name":"philosophical Sufism (school of Ibn 'Arabi)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/philosophical_Sufism_school_of_Ibn_Arabi_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":220464,"name":"Politics and International relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_and_International_relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":265632,"name":"Theology and Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_and_Religious_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":313371,"name":"Diplomacy and international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy_and_international_relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":329310,"name":"Ethical Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Leadership?f_ri=6276"},{"id":403575,"name":"Pendidikan Agama Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pendidikan_Agama_Islam?f_ri=6276"},{"id":483370,"name":"Political Science \u0026 International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science_and_International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":578214,"name":"Impact of Social Sciences and Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impact_of_Social_Sciences_and_Humanities?f_ri=6276"},{"id":604354,"name":"Relations Internationales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relations_Internationales?f_ri=6276"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1002997,"name":"Domestic and International State Policies That Counter Islamic Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_and_International_State_Policies_That_Counter_Islamic_Terrorism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1223709,"name":"Islamic law and jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_law_and_jurisprudence-1?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1223710,"name":"Muslim philosophy and thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_philosophy_and_thought?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1223711,"name":"Contemporary Muslim society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Muslim_society?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46936569" data-work_id="46936569" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46936569/The_Law_of_Blockchain">The Law of Blockchain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Blockchain technology is a new general-purpose technology that poses significant challenges to the existing state of law, economy, and society. Blockchain has one feature that makes it even more distinctive than other disruptive... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_46936569" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Blockchain technology is a new general-purpose technology that poses significant challenges to the existing state of law, economy, and society. Blockchain has one feature that makes it even more distinctive than other disruptive technologies: it is, by nature and design, global and transnational. Moreover, blockchain operates based on its own rules and principles that have a law-like quality. What may be called the lex cryptographia of blockchain has been designed based on a rational choice vision of human behavior. Blockchain adopts a framing derived from neoclassical economics, and instantiates it in a new machinery that implements rational choice paradigms using blockchain in a semi-automatic way, across all spheres of life, and without regard to borders. Accordingly, a global law and crypto-economics movement is now emerging owing to the spread of blockchain.<br /><br />This Article suggests that such a rational choice paradigm is an insufficient foundation for the future development of blockchain. It seeks to develop a new understanding of blockchain and its regulation through code according to the emerging “law and political economy” framework. Blockchain is much more than a machine that enables the automation of transactions according to a rational choice framework. Blockchain should instead be understood as a technological infrastructure. Acknowledging the infrastructural dimension of blockchain technology may help identify a new role for the law in its interaction with blockchain, as well as for government in its interaction with the new technology. More precisely, identifying blockchain as an “infrastructural commons” helps us recognize that law and regulation should not be relegated to the role of merely facilitating the operation of the invisible hand of the market by and within blockchain, but should rather acquire more active roles, such as safeguarding access on non-discriminatory terms to users, on a model with net neutrality and other public utility safeguards. The Article closes by proposing a “law and political economy” framework for blockchain that is based on principles of publicness, trust, and interoperability.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46936569" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3498bd46ab2a78c0c794229cd3a74c97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66296924,"asset_id":46936569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66296924/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="885784" href="https://hbku.academia.edu/GeorgiosDimitropoulos">Georgios Dimitropoulos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="885784" type="text/json">{"id":885784,"first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Dimitropoulos","domain_name":"hbku","page_name":"GeorgiosDimitropoulos","display_name":"Georgios Dimitropoulos","profile_url":"https://hbku.academia.edu/GeorgiosDimitropoulos?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/885784/322598/33406019/s65_georgios.dimitropoulos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_46936569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="46936569"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 46936569, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_46936569", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_46936569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46936569; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_46936569"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_46936569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="46936569"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46936569; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=46936569]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_46936569").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_46936569").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="46936569"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3287" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance">Regulation And Governance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3287" type="text/json">{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=46936569]'), work: {"id":46936569,"title":"The Law of Blockchain","created_at":"2021-04-18T21:09:52.845-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/46936569/The_Law_of_Blockchain?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_46936569","summary":"Blockchain technology is a new general-purpose technology that poses significant challenges to the existing state of law, economy, and society. Blockchain has one feature that makes it even more distinctive than other disruptive technologies: it is, by nature and design, global and transnational. Moreover, blockchain operates based on its own rules and principles that have a law-like quality. What may be called the lex cryptographia of blockchain has been designed based on a rational choice vision of human behavior. Blockchain adopts a framing derived from neoclassical economics, and instantiates it in a new machinery that implements rational choice paradigms using blockchain in a semi-automatic way, across all spheres of life, and without regard to borders. Accordingly, a global law and crypto-economics movement is now emerging owing to the spread of blockchain.\n\nThis Article suggests that such a rational choice paradigm is an insufficient foundation for the future development of blockchain. It seeks to develop a new understanding of blockchain and its regulation through code according to the emerging “law and political economy” framework. Blockchain is much more than a machine that enables the automation of transactions according to a rational choice framework. Blockchain should instead be understood as a technological infrastructure. Acknowledging the infrastructural dimension of blockchain technology may help identify a new role for the law in its interaction with blockchain, as well as for government in its interaction with the new technology. More precisely, identifying blockchain as an “infrastructural commons” helps us recognize that law and regulation should not be relegated to the role of merely facilitating the operation of the invisible hand of the market by and within blockchain, but should rather acquire more active roles, such as safeguarding access on non-discriminatory terms to users, on a model with net neutrality and other public utility safeguards. The Article closes by proposing a “law and political economy” framework for blockchain that is based on principles of publicness, trust, and interoperability.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66296924,"asset_id":46936569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":885784,"first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Dimitropoulos","domain_name":"hbku","page_name":"GeorgiosDimitropoulos","display_name":"Georgios Dimitropoulos","profile_url":"https://hbku.academia.edu/GeorgiosDimitropoulos?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/885784/322598/33406019/s65_georgios.dimitropoulos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7495,"name":"Law and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13495,"name":"Information Technology Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":22965,"name":"Political Economy of International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_International_Trade?f_ri=6276"},{"id":77342,"name":"Infrastructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infrastructure?f_ri=6276"},{"id":127385,"name":"Law and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Technology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":235943,"name":"Information and Communication Technology Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_Technology_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":281112,"name":"Bitcoin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bitcoin?f_ri=6276"},{"id":294344,"name":"Political economy of regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_economy_of_regulation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":740091,"name":"Cryptocurrency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptocurrency?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1450126,"name":"Blockchains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blockchains?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2199949,"name":"Blockchain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blockchain?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2415689,"name":"Ethereum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethereum?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2533469,"name":"Distributed Ledger Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Ledger_Technology?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31873937" data-work_id="31873937" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31873937/RURAL_DEVELOPMENT_POLICY_AND_PLANNING_LECTURE_NOTES">RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING LECTURE NOTES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Socio-economic structure of rural households in Sierra Leone, rural poverty, approaches to rural development, theories and strategies of rural development, development administration. Planning for rural development in rural Sierra Leone.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31873937" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Socio-economic structure of rural households in Sierra Leone, rural poverty,<br />approaches to rural development, theories and strategies of rural development,<br />development administration. Planning for rural development in rural Sierra Leone.<br />N.B. This outline summary should be read in conjunction with notes taken during<br />the lecture programme.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31873937" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a5434cd13b4bf2149337ff55d1f4294" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52161267,"asset_id":31873937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52161267/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59273070" href="https://njala.academia.edu/PeterKoroma">Peter Koroma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59273070" type="text/json">{"id":59273070,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Koroma","domain_name":"njala","page_name":"PeterKoroma","display_name":"Peter Koroma","profile_url":"https://njala.academia.edu/PeterKoroma?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59273070/15485751/16096603/s65_peter.koroma.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31873937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31873937"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31873937, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31873937", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31873937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31873937; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31873937"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31873937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31873937"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31873937; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31873937]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31873937").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31873937").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31873937"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1166" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory">International Relations Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1166" type="text/json">{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31873937]'), work: {"id":31873937,"title":"RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING LECTURE NOTES","created_at":"2017-03-15T01:49:41.541-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31873937/RURAL_DEVELOPMENT_POLICY_AND_PLANNING_LECTURE_NOTES?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_31873937","summary":"Socio-economic structure of rural households in Sierra Leone, rural poverty,\napproaches to rural development, theories and strategies of rural development,\ndevelopment administration. Planning for rural development in rural Sierra Leone.\nN.B. This outline summary should be read in conjunction with notes taken during\nthe lecture programme.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52161267,"asset_id":31873937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59273070,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Koroma","domain_name":"njala","page_name":"PeterKoroma","display_name":"Peter Koroma","profile_url":"https://njala.academia.edu/PeterKoroma?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59273070/15485751/16096603/s65_peter.koroma.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9070251" data-work_id="9070251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9070251/THE_EFFECTS_OF_OIL_JOINT_VENTURE_PARTNERSHIPS_ON_ENFORCEMENT_OF_ZERO_GAS_FLARING_POLICY_IN_NIGERIA_2003_2011">THE EFFECTS OF OIL JOINT VENTURE PARTNERSHIPS ON ENFORCEMENT OF ZERO-GAS FLARING POLICY IN NIGERIA, 2003-2011</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The act of gas flaring in Nigeria began with production of crude oil in 1958, and has since engendered serious trans-boundary environmental, energy, economic and health implications. This has led to the adoption of zero-gas flaring policy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9070251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The act of gas flaring in Nigeria began with production of crude oil in 1958, and has since engendered serious trans-boundary environmental, energy, economic and health implications. This has led to the adoption of zero-gas flaring policy in 2003 in line with the domestication of related international initiatives and treaties in Nigeria. However, oil joint venture partnerships between Nigeria’s NNPC and international oil corporations (IOCs) from the United States of America, Britain, France and the Netherlands in oil production flared 514,779,616 standard cubic feet (scf) of associated gas out of 619,032,858 scf of total associated gas flared in 2011. Available records indicate that Nigeria’s oil joint venture partners prioritized profits through increase in oil production without relating oil production to the capacity of gas utilization facilities required to meet policy deadline. This study focused on the effects of oil joint venture partnerships on the enforcement of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, 2003-2011. The specific objectives were to: (i) determine whether equity arrangements of the oil joint operation agreements hindered the implementation of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, (ii) ascertain whether the budgeting process of the oil joint venture operations impeded the adoption of effective gas flare elimination strategies in Nigeria, and (iii) establish whether funding of NNPC’s participation in oil joint venture partnerships constrained financing of associated gas utilization facilities in Nigeria. The study adopted the rentier state theory as the theoretical framework and ex-post-facto research design. The study also made use of secondary data sourced from books, journals, conference papers and official documents from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the World Bank, Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFRP), the Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The study used logical induction to analyze the data. The major findings were that: (i) the equity arrangements of the oil joint operation agreements hindered the implementation of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, (ii) the budgeting process of the oil joint venture operators impeded the adoption of effective gas flare elimination strategies in Nigeria, and (iii) the inadequate funding of NNPC’s participation in oil joint venture partnerships constrained financing of associated gas flaring utilization facilities in Nigeria. The recommendations were: (i) restructuring the equity arrangements of the oil joint venture partners in order to effectively implement zero-gas flaring policy, (ii) reforming the budgeting process of the joint venture operators for adopting effective gas flaring elimination strategies, and (iii) sufficient funding of NNPC participation in the joint venture partnerships necessary for adequately financing associated gas utilization projects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9070251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b9b37e0756b89ec3d3265677dbfa5f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35370822,"asset_id":9070251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35370822/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4376436" href="https://fuo.academia.edu/ErnestAniche">Ernest Aniche</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4376436" type="text/json">{"id":4376436,"first_name":"Ernest","last_name":"Aniche","domain_name":"fuo","page_name":"ErnestAniche","display_name":"Ernest Aniche","profile_url":"https://fuo.academia.edu/ErnestAniche?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4376436/1769005/2113359/s65_ernest.aniche.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9070251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9070251"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9070251, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9070251", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9070251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9070251; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9070251"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9070251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9070251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9070251; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9070251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9070251").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9070251").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9070251"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1166" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory">International Relations Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1166" type="text/json">{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3345" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations">International organizations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3345" type="text/json">{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9070251]'), work: {"id":9070251,"title":"THE EFFECTS OF OIL JOINT VENTURE PARTNERSHIPS ON ENFORCEMENT OF ZERO-GAS FLARING POLICY IN NIGERIA, 2003-2011","created_at":"2014-11-01T20:49:06.239-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9070251/THE_EFFECTS_OF_OIL_JOINT_VENTURE_PARTNERSHIPS_ON_ENFORCEMENT_OF_ZERO_GAS_FLARING_POLICY_IN_NIGERIA_2003_2011?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_9070251","summary":"The act of gas flaring in Nigeria began with production of crude oil in 1958, and has since engendered serious trans-boundary environmental, energy, economic and health implications. This has led to the adoption of zero-gas flaring policy in 2003 in line with the domestication of related international initiatives and treaties in Nigeria. However, oil joint venture partnerships between Nigeria’s NNPC and international oil corporations (IOCs) from the United States of America, Britain, France and the Netherlands in oil production flared 514,779,616 standard cubic feet (scf) of associated gas out of 619,032,858 scf of total associated gas flared in 2011. Available records indicate that Nigeria’s oil joint venture partners prioritized profits through increase in oil production without relating oil production to the capacity of gas utilization facilities required to meet policy deadline. This study focused on the effects of oil joint venture partnerships on the enforcement of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, 2003-2011. The specific objectives were to: (i) determine whether equity arrangements of the oil joint operation agreements hindered the implementation of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, (ii) ascertain whether the budgeting process of the oil joint venture operations impeded the adoption of effective gas flare elimination strategies in Nigeria, and (iii) establish whether funding of NNPC’s participation in oil joint venture partnerships constrained financing of associated gas utilization facilities in Nigeria. The study adopted the rentier state theory as the theoretical framework and ex-post-facto research design. The study also made use of secondary data sourced from books, journals, conference papers and official documents from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the World Bank, Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFRP), the Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The study used logical induction to analyze the data. The major findings were that: (i) the equity arrangements of the oil joint operation agreements hindered the implementation of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, (ii) the budgeting process of the oil joint venture operators impeded the adoption of effective gas flare elimination strategies in Nigeria, and (iii) the inadequate funding of NNPC’s participation in oil joint venture partnerships constrained financing of associated gas flaring utilization facilities in Nigeria. The recommendations were: (i) restructuring the equity arrangements of the oil joint venture partners in order to effectively implement zero-gas flaring policy, (ii) reforming the budgeting process of the joint venture operators for adopting effective gas flaring elimination strategies, and (iii) sufficient funding of NNPC participation in the joint venture partnerships necessary for adequately financing associated gas utilization projects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35370822,"asset_id":9070251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4376436,"first_name":"Ernest","last_name":"Aniche","domain_name":"fuo","page_name":"ErnestAniche","display_name":"Ernest Aniche","profile_url":"https://fuo.academia.edu/ErnestAniche?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4376436/1769005/2113359/s65_ernest.aniche.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":28074,"name":"International Environmental Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Environmental_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":91141,"name":"Oil politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_politics?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39130606" data-work_id="39130606" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39130606/THEORIES_OF_INTERNATIONAL_RELATIONS_I">THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS I</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The objectivity of studying social and political sciences has always been questioned on the ground that personal values may interfere. In the same vein, it is a challenge to understand and explain international relations, owing to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39130606" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The objectivity of studying social and political sciences has always been questioned on the ground that personal values may interfere. In the same vein, it is a challenge to understand and explain international relations, owing to different world views and approaches. This is mainly because there are many ways of studying international relations. First of all, it requires an interdisciplinary and multilevel analysis to explain international phenomena, which may embody conflict, cooperation or both. IR field began to be recognized as a separate discipline during the period between two world wars and since then debates have continued on “what to study” and “how to study”. These questions paved the way to many ontological and epistemological discussions. The realist-idealist debate of the 1950s and the methodological debate of the 1960s are just two examples that have evolved in the discipline. A realist description of International relations is based on competition among states as major actors to pursue their interests, whereas a liberal description concentrates more on harmonious relations of pluralist actors. Theories have also grown out of the need to seek regularities and reflect the quest for a grand theory to explain all observed phenomena, which has truly been an overarching and ambitious attempt. Theories of IR borrow assumptions of each other so to say, and provide feedback for their reconstruction, through the critiques they make against each other. In this book, you will make an introduction to realism, liberalism and economic structuralism as major traditions in the field, their historical evolution and some theories they have given birth to. Chapter 1 is about contending issues and classification of major theories in the field. Chapter 2 discusses the realist theory of IR and its evolution. Chapter 3 provides a close look to liberal tradition and its reflections in IR. Chapter 4 introduces economic structuralism via the Marxist theory and Chapter 5 familiarizes the readers with International Political Economy. Chapter 6 briefly informs the readers on types of international regime theories reflecting different traditions in IR. Chapter 7, the normative theory on the other hand deals with “what should be” in IR instead of “what is” observed. Lastly, in Chapter 8, the English School of IR which argues to be a via media between realism and liberalism is elaborated. Though cases in IR and different issue-areas demand different theoretical perspectives and methods of inquiry; researchers agree on the need to utilize theoretical frameworks as road maps to explain and foresee the future of events. The theoretical approaches and their basic assumptions may sound unfamiliar and abstract at the beginning, However, they will prove to be the alphabet to conceptualize and interpret international phenomena. As editors of this book, we hope you enjoy reading the book and it guides you in observing international arena and motivates for analytical thinking on international relations. We are grateful to our esteemed authors for their collaboration in preparing this course textbook for the International Relations Program. <br />Editors Prof.Dr. Tayyar ARI Assoc.Prof.Dr. Elif TOPRAK</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39130606" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51aa8f304ca7ad3de50fc4c463ab2c8b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99902600,"asset_id":39130606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99902600/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12734108" href="https://uludag.academia.edu/tayyarar%C4%B1">Tayyar ARI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12734108" type="text/json">{"id":12734108,"first_name":"Tayyar","last_name":"ARI","domain_name":"uludag","page_name":"tayyararı","display_name":"Tayyar ARI","profile_url":"https://uludag.academia.edu/tayyarar%C4%B1?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12734108/3832310/34035695/s65_tayyar.ari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39130606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39130606"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39130606, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39130606", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39130606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39130606; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39130606"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39130606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39130606"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39130606; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39130606]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39130606").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39130606").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39130606"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Regimes">International Regimes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1167" type="text/json">{"id":1167,"name":"International Regimes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Regimes?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4568" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism">Liberalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4568" type="text/json">{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39130606]'), work: {"id":39130606,"title":"THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS I","created_at":"2019-05-14T15:28:47.359-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39130606/THEORIES_OF_INTERNATIONAL_RELATIONS_I?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_39130606","summary":"The objectivity of studying social and political sciences has always been questioned on the ground that personal values may interfere. In the same vein, it is a challenge to understand and explain international relations, owing to different world views and approaches. This is mainly because there are many ways of studying international relations. First of all, it requires an interdisciplinary and multilevel analysis to explain international phenomena, which may embody conflict, cooperation or both. IR field began to be recognized as a separate discipline during the period between two world wars and since then debates have continued on “what to study” and “how to study”. These questions paved the way to many ontological and epistemological discussions. The realist-idealist debate of the 1950s and the methodological debate of the 1960s are just two examples that have evolved in the discipline. A realist description of International relations is based on competition among states as major actors to pursue their interests, whereas a liberal description concentrates more on harmonious relations of pluralist actors. Theories have also grown out of the need to seek regularities and reflect the quest for a grand theory to explain all observed phenomena, which has truly been an overarching and ambitious attempt. Theories of IR borrow assumptions of each other so to say, and provide feedback for their reconstruction, through the critiques they make against each other. In this book, you will make an introduction to realism, liberalism and economic structuralism as major traditions in the field, their historical evolution and some theories they have given birth to. Chapter 1 is about contending issues and classification of major theories in the field. Chapter 2 discusses the realist theory of IR and its evolution. Chapter 3 provides a close look to liberal tradition and its reflections in IR. Chapter 4 introduces economic structuralism via the Marxist theory and Chapter 5 familiarizes the readers with International Political Economy. Chapter 6 briefly informs the readers on types of international regime theories reflecting different traditions in IR. Chapter 7, the normative theory on the other hand deals with “what should be” in IR instead of “what is” observed. Lastly, in Chapter 8, the English School of IR which argues to be a via media between realism and liberalism is elaborated. Though cases in IR and different issue-areas demand different theoretical perspectives and methods of inquiry; researchers agree on the need to utilize theoretical frameworks as road maps to explain and foresee the future of events. The theoretical approaches and their basic assumptions may sound unfamiliar and abstract at the beginning, However, they will prove to be the alphabet to conceptualize and interpret international phenomena. As editors of this book, we hope you enjoy reading the book and it guides you in observing international arena and motivates for analytical thinking on international relations. We are grateful to our esteemed authors for their collaboration in preparing this course textbook for the International Relations Program. \nEditors Prof.Dr. Tayyar ARI Assoc.Prof.Dr. Elif TOPRAK","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99902600,"asset_id":39130606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12734108,"first_name":"Tayyar","last_name":"ARI","domain_name":"uludag","page_name":"tayyararı","display_name":"Tayyar ARI","profile_url":"https://uludag.academia.edu/tayyarar%C4%B1?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12734108/3832310/34035695/s65_tayyar.ari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1167,"name":"International Regimes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Regimes?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":107107,"name":"IR Realist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IR_Realist_Theory?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23908958" data-work_id="23908958" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23908958/Fuck_Neoliberalism">Fuck Neoliberalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Yep, fuck it. Neoliberalism sucks. We don't need it.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23908958" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64c89047c8a813ae814f2624a43072c2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61271804,"asset_id":23908958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61271804/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="271934" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/SimonSpringer">Simon Springer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="271934" type="text/json">{"id":271934,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Springer","domain_name":"newcastle-au","page_name":"SimonSpringer","display_name":"Simon Springer","profile_url":"https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/SimonSpringer?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/271934/56494/36120073/s65_simon.springer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23908958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23908958"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23908958, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23908958", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23908958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23908958; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23908958"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23908958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23908958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23908958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23908958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23908958").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23908958").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23908958"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">180</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23908958]'), work: {"id":23908958,"title":"Fuck Neoliberalism","created_at":"2016-04-01T07:33:34.667-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23908958/Fuck_Neoliberalism?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_23908958","summary":"Yep, fuck it. Neoliberalism sucks. We don't need it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61271804,"asset_id":23908958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":271934,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Springer","domain_name":"newcastle-au","page_name":"SimonSpringer","display_name":"Simon Springer","profile_url":"https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/SimonSpringer?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/271934/56494/36120073/s65_simon.springer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=6276"},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":263,"name":"Cultural Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":266,"name":"Historical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":272,"name":"Social Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":278,"name":"Environmental Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":279,"name":"Regional Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":378,"name":"Area Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=6276"},{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=6276"},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":699,"name":"Queer Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":728,"name":"Economic Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=6276"},{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":909,"name":"Tourism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=6276"},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=6276"},{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=6276"},{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":957,"name":"Cultural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=6276"},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1292,"name":"Health Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1321,"name":"Sociology of Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Violence?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2421,"name":"Radical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2432,"name":"Critical Race Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3114,"name":"Queer Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3115,"name":"Posthumanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posthumanism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3354,"name":"Poststructuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3410,"name":"Urban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3429,"name":"Educational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Research?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3472,"name":"Political Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3516,"name":"Contemporary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3741,"name":"Urban Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4124,"name":"Feminist Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4370,"name":"Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4730,"name":"Mass Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4801,"name":"Sexual Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Violence?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4808,"name":"Urban Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4834,"name":"Economic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4952,"name":"Anarchism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anarchism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5273,"name":"Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5745,"name":"Social Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Capital?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5960,"name":"Continental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6275,"name":"Tourism Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6422,"name":"Urban Regeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Regeneration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6463,"name":"History of Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Sexuality?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6910,"name":"Capital Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capital_Markets?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7230,"name":"Anarchist Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anarchist_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7369,"name":"Political communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7490,"name":"Gender Equality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7725,"name":"Urban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":8004,"name":"Resistance (Social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Social_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9437,"name":"Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9450,"name":"Radicalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radicalization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9491,"name":"Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pedagogy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9822,"name":"Education Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10444,"name":"Postmodernism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmodernism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12194,"name":"Critical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12421,"name":"Neoliberal ideologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberal_ideologies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13078,"name":"Peacekeeping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacekeeping?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13518,"name":"Gender and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13958,"name":"Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13995,"name":"Postcolonial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=6276"},{"id":14965,"name":"Neoliberal Economies in the Postcolony, Social Movements, Political Ecology, Indigeneity, Cultures of Disposession, Urban Form in Asia, Non-Linear Systems, Fieldwork and Disruptive Epistemologies, Biopolitics, India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberal_Economies_in_the_Postcolony_Social_Movements_Political_Ecology_Indigeneity_Cultures_o?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15863,"name":"Postcolonial Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Literature?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16598,"name":"Social movements and revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16742,"name":"Urban Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Sociology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=6276"},{"id":19030,"name":"Political Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=6276"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":24048,"name":"Peace Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=6276"},{"id":30089,"name":"Neoliberalisms and the Transformation of the Cultural Sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalisms_and_the_Transformation_of_the_Cultural_Sphere?f_ri=6276"},{"id":31886,"name":"Radical Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Democracy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":37723,"name":"Geography Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":39153,"name":"Neoliberalism (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism_Anthropology_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":43883,"name":"Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":45559,"name":"Peace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace?f_ri=6276"},{"id":45578,"name":"Peacebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding?f_ri=6276"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51334,"name":"Orientalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51360,"name":"Economia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economia?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51625,"name":"Educación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51694,"name":"Pedagogía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pedagog%C3%ADa?f_ri=6276"},{"id":52480,"name":"Sociologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociologia?f_ri=6276"},{"id":61835,"name":"Urban Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Design?f_ri=6276"},{"id":70643,"name":"Privatization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privatization?f_ri=6276"},{"id":73569,"name":"Geografia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geografia?f_ri=6276"},{"id":88935,"name":"Sociología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=6276"},{"id":93395,"name":"Geografía Humana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa_Humana?f_ri=6276"},{"id":147412,"name":"Pedagogia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pedagogia?f_ri=6276"},{"id":150370,"name":"Geografía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa?f_ri=6276"},{"id":385234,"name":"Political Economy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_and_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":427740,"name":"Géographie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G%C3%A9ographie?f_ri=6276"},{"id":453278,"name":"Neoliberalism and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism_and_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":613505,"name":"Neoliberalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalismo?f_ri=6276"},{"id":840224,"name":"Neoliberalizm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalizm?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41549240" data-work_id="41549240" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41549240/Class_inequality_and_capital_accumulation_in_Brazil_1992_2013">Class inequality and capital accumulation in Brazil, 1992-2013</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article explores the patterns of class inequality and capital accumulation in Brazil, showing the drivers and limits of the decline in inequality that occurred during the Workers' Party governments. It proposes that minimum wage... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41549240" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article explores the patterns of class inequality and capital accumulation in Brazil, showing the drivers and limits of the decline in inequality that occurred during the Workers' Party governments. It proposes that minimum wage hikes and greater social security changed the demand pattern and kick-started a cumulative causation process. Growth and redistribution thus reinforced each other for a period, and then spelled their own limits. As growth accelerated in the 2000s, a Gini decomposition indicates that class inequality decreased, but confined to changes between workers-capitalist income and social stratification were preserved. This also endogenously led to a re-gressive structural change, as low-productivity, labour-intensive services grew and international trade patterns worsened. This created a medium-term dependence on commodity prices for balance-of-trade solvency, and heightened cost-push inflation, which could not be overcome under the limited policy framework in place. The constrained basis for reducing inequality and the regressive structural change underscore that developmental strategies requires broad, multi-dimensional inequality-reducing measures and an encompassing catching-up project.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41549240" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c3487c19215185fc6f22b692246f95f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61706706,"asset_id":41549240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61706706/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5087290" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/PedroMendesLoureiro">Pedro Mendes Loureiro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5087290" type="text/json">{"id":5087290,"first_name":"Pedro","last_name":"Mendes Loureiro","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"PedroMendesLoureiro","display_name":"Pedro Mendes Loureiro","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/PedroMendesLoureiro?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41549240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41549240"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41549240, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41549240", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41549240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41549240; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41549240"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41549240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41549240"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41549240; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41549240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41549240").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41549240").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41549240"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="727" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics">Development Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="727" type="text/json">{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41549240]'), work: {"id":41549240,"title":"Class inequality and capital accumulation in Brazil, 1992-2013","created_at":"2020-01-07T09:34:54.215-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41549240/Class_inequality_and_capital_accumulation_in_Brazil_1992_2013?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_41549240","summary":"This article explores the patterns of class inequality and capital accumulation in Brazil, showing the drivers and limits of the decline in inequality that occurred during the Workers' Party governments. It proposes that minimum wage hikes and greater social security changed the demand pattern and kick-started a cumulative causation process. Growth and redistribution thus reinforced each other for a period, and then spelled their own limits. As growth accelerated in the 2000s, a Gini decomposition indicates that class inequality decreased, but confined to changes between workers-capitalist income and social stratification were preserved. This also endogenously led to a re-gressive structural change, as low-productivity, labour-intensive services grew and international trade patterns worsened. This created a medium-term dependence on commodity prices for balance-of-trade solvency, and heightened cost-push inflation, which could not be overcome under the limited policy framework in place. The constrained basis for reducing inequality and the regressive structural change underscore that developmental strategies requires broad, multi-dimensional inequality-reducing measures and an encompassing catching-up project.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61706706,"asset_id":41549240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5087290,"first_name":"Pedro","last_name":"Mendes Loureiro","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"PedroMendesLoureiro","display_name":"Pedro Mendes Loureiro","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/PedroMendesLoureiro?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1734,"name":"Marxist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9821,"name":"Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=6276"},{"id":16889,"name":"Heterodox Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterodox_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=6276"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":46644,"name":"Social Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Inequality?f_ri=6276"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=6276"},{"id":87560,"name":"Critical Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Development_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":91070,"name":"Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inequality?f_ri=6276"},{"id":152639,"name":"Class Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Analysis?f_ri=6276"},{"id":213801,"name":"Structural Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Change?f_ri=6276"},{"id":246896,"name":"Erik Olin Wright","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erik_Olin_Wright?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33553686 coauthored" data-work_id="33553686" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33553686/Tax_Evasion_as_a_Crime_A_Survey_of_Perception_in_Kosovo">Tax Evasion as a Crime: A Survey of Perception in Kosovo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The goal of this paper is to explore the perception of Kosovo's citizens of the severity of tax evasion relative to other crimes and abuses. Perception of tax evasion may somewhat clarify the degree of rebelliousness with the tax laws.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33553686" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The goal of this paper is to explore the perception of Kosovo's citizens of the severity of tax evasion relative to other crimes and abuses. Perception of tax evasion may somewhat clarify the degree of rebelliousness with the tax laws. Using data from a self-administered survey and a personnel structured interview, the results of mean and comparative analysis will be examined to show where the tax evasion is ranked in Kosovo in the list of fifty listed crimes. Studies, conducted about the perceptions of tax evasion as a crime, have suggested that the tax non-compliance environment has been created from the perception of the taxpayers towards tax evasion as a non-serious crime. Consequently, the degree of non-compliance with the tax laws could be explained somewhat by the perception towards the tax evasion. And, it is obvious that the public's perception of the severity of a crime has important implications for society. [1] However, those studies are inconclusive in explaining the variability of the perceptions towards tax evasion as a crime. Despite that fact that these researches conducted on this area in US, Australia, and Malaysia are a few, a study about the perception of tax evasion in Kosovo does not exist. Evidence on tax evasion perception found in the developing countries may not be generalized to the context of Kosovo because of the differences in the environmental factors such as economy, business, culture, and regulations. Consequently, differences in the environmental factors are expected to cause differences in the perception. The results of this study should be useful to business and government representatives in Kosovo and elsewhere in the Balkans or wider.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33553686" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2cc743726cde16f9e64602f1248972d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53581377,"asset_id":33553686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53581377/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48909527" href="https://uncfsu.academia.edu/RobertMcGee">Robert McGee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48909527" type="text/json">{"id":48909527,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"McGee","domain_name":"uncfsu","page_name":"RobertMcGee","display_name":"Robert McGee","profile_url":"https://uncfsu.academia.edu/RobertMcGee?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/97f0aff16309dfff0c86b1f6931cb30e?s=65"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33553686">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33553686"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AgimMamuti">Agim Mamuti</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33553686'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33553686').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33553686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33553686"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33553686, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33553686", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33553686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33553686; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33553686"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33553686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33553686"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33553686; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33553686]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33553686").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33553686").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33553686"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">48</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology">Economic Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="193" type="text/json">{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology">Political Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="201" type="text/json">{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="535" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1">Criminal Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="535" type="text/json">{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33553686]'), work: {"id":33553686,"title":"Tax Evasion as a Crime: A Survey of Perception in Kosovo","created_at":"2017-06-19T07:53:42.348-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33553686/Tax_Evasion_as_a_Crime_A_Survey_of_Perception_in_Kosovo?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_33553686","summary":"The goal of this paper is to explore the perception of Kosovo's citizens of the severity of tax evasion relative to other crimes and abuses. Perception of tax evasion may somewhat clarify the degree of rebelliousness with the tax laws. Using data from a self-administered survey and a personnel structured interview, the results of mean and comparative analysis will be examined to show where the tax evasion is ranked in Kosovo in the list of fifty listed crimes. Studies, conducted about the perceptions of tax evasion as a crime, have suggested that the tax non-compliance environment has been created from the perception of the taxpayers towards tax evasion as a non-serious crime. Consequently, the degree of non-compliance with the tax laws could be explained somewhat by the perception towards the tax evasion. And, it is obvious that the public's perception of the severity of a crime has important implications for society. [1] However, those studies are inconclusive in explaining the variability of the perceptions towards tax evasion as a crime. Despite that fact that these researches conducted on this area in US, Australia, and Malaysia are a few, a study about the perception of tax evasion in Kosovo does not exist. Evidence on tax evasion perception found in the developing countries may not be generalized to the context of Kosovo because of the differences in the environmental factors such as economy, business, culture, and regulations. Consequently, differences in the environmental factors are expected to cause differences in the perception. The results of this study should be useful to business and government representatives in Kosovo and elsewhere in the Balkans or wider.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53581377,"asset_id":33553686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48909527,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"McGee","domain_name":"uncfsu","page_name":"RobertMcGee","display_name":"Robert McGee","profile_url":"https://uncfsu.academia.edu/RobertMcGee?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/97f0aff16309dfff0c86b1f6931cb30e?s=65"},{"id":5907874,"first_name":"Agim","last_name":"Mamuti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AgimMamuti","display_name":"Agim Mamuti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AgimMamuti?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":735,"name":"International Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":741,"name":"Public Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":748,"name":"Financial Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1454,"name":"Tax Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tax_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1455,"name":"International Tax Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Tax_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2965,"name":"Sociology of Crime and Deviance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Crime_and_Deviance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3767,"name":"Law and Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Society?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4770,"name":"Taxation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taxation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4777,"name":"Tax reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tax_reform?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5774,"name":"Business Taxation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Taxation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5839,"name":"Kosovo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kosovo?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9115,"name":"Corporate Income Taxation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Income_Taxation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12175,"name":"Tax Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tax_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13805,"name":"Behavioral Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":29841,"name":"Public Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=6276"},{"id":36009,"name":"Public sector accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_sector_accounting?f_ri=6276"},{"id":42483,"name":"Tax Evasion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tax_Evasion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":44835,"name":"Serbian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serbian_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":49565,"name":"Filosofía Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa_Pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=6276"},{"id":65713,"name":"Políticas Públicas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pol%C3%ADticas_P%C3%BAblicas?f_ri=6276"},{"id":67360,"name":"Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime?f_ri=6276"},{"id":75310,"name":"Economic Development: Tax Havens, Tax Evasion and Corruption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development_Tax_Havens_Tax_Evasion_and_Corruption?f_ri=6276"},{"id":112388,"name":"International Tax Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Tax_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":187748,"name":"Taxation Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taxation_Law?f_ri=6276"},{"id":250193,"name":"Curbing Tax Evasion and Avoidance: Impact of Tax Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curbing_Tax_Evasion_and_Avoidance_Impact_of_Tax_Reform?f_ri=6276"},{"id":273220,"name":"Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion: Comparative Analysis of Anti-Avoidance Evasion Laws of Nigeria and the United Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tax_Avoidance_and_Tax_Evasion_Comparative_Analysis_of_Anti-Avoidance_Evasion_Laws_of_Nigeria_and_th?f_ri=6276"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":683644,"name":"Tax Evasion and Avoidance Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tax_Evasion_and_Avoidance_Issues?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1117206,"name":"Economic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28751046" data-work_id="28751046" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28751046/amg_o_que_e_pensar_uma_Geopoli_tica_do_Ciberespac_o_27_de_Setembro_2016_ppt">amg, o que é pensar uma Geopolítica do Ciberespaço (27 de Setembro, 2016).ppt</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28751046" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14d41245fcee55056253550de26ad644" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49165127,"asset_id":28751046,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49165127/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="134181" href="https://cria.academia.edu/ArmandoMarquesGuedes">Armando Marques-Guedes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="134181" type="text/json">{"id":134181,"first_name":"Armando","last_name":"Marques-Guedes","domain_name":"cria","page_name":"ArmandoMarquesGuedes","display_name":"Armando Marques-Guedes","profile_url":"https://cria.academia.edu/ArmandoMarquesGuedes?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134181/3401094/148494125/s65_armando.marques-guedes.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28751046 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28751046"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28751046, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28751046", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28751046 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28751046; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28751046"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28751046 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28751046"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28751046; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28751046]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28751046").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28751046").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28751046"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">98</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology">Political Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="201" type="text/json">{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28751046]'), work: {"id":28751046,"title":"amg, o que é pensar uma Geopolítica do Ciberespaço (27 de Setembro, 2016).ppt","created_at":"2016-09-27T15:00:37.548-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28751046/amg_o_que_e_pensar_uma_Geopoli_tica_do_Ciberespac_o_27_de_Setembro_2016_ppt?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_28751046","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49165127,"asset_id":28751046,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":134181,"first_name":"Armando","last_name":"Marques-Guedes","domain_name":"cria","page_name":"ArmandoMarquesGuedes","display_name":"Armando Marques-Guedes","profile_url":"https://cria.academia.edu/ArmandoMarquesGuedes?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134181/3401094/148494125/s65_armando.marques-guedes.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=6276"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=6276"},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":472,"name":"Human Computer Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Computer_Interaction?f_ri=6276"},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":516,"name":"Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1380,"name":"Computer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Engineering?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1583,"name":"Industrial Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Ecology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2345,"name":"Wireless Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Communications?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2509,"name":"Philosophy Of Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Mathematics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2511,"name":"Cybercrimes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybercrimes?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2553,"name":"Social Networking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=6276"},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3116,"name":"Space and Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_and_Place?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3255,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3703,"name":"Network Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4252,"name":"Computer Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4370,"name":"Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4730,"name":"Mass Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5420,"name":"Anthropology of space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_space?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7369,"name":"Political communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7454,"name":"Information Communication Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10601,"name":"Data Warehousing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Warehousing?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12115,"name":"Optical Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13872,"name":"Facebook","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook?f_ri=6276"},{"id":13923,"name":"Computer Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=6276"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=6276"},{"id":25618,"name":"Phenomenology of Space and Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology_of_Space_and_Place?f_ri=6276"},{"id":30632,"name":"Public Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Space?f_ri=6276"},{"id":30945,"name":"Cyberspace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberspace?f_ri=6276"},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=6276"},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=6276"},{"id":46738,"name":"Cybersecurity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity?f_ri=6276"},{"id":48532,"name":"Maritime Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=6276"},{"id":50361,"name":"Sociologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociologie?f_ri=6276"},{"id":50967,"name":"Mass Communication and New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Communication_and_New_Media?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51360,"name":"Economia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economia?f_ri=6276"},{"id":51625,"name":"Educación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=6276"},{"id":52480,"name":"Sociologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociologia?f_ri=6276"},{"id":58119,"name":"Facebook Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":60807,"name":"Maritime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime?f_ri=6276"},{"id":61620,"name":"National Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":67378,"name":"Sattelite Altimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sattelite_Altimetry?f_ri=6276"},{"id":88935,"name":"Sociología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=6276"},{"id":115676,"name":"Cyber Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyber_Security?f_ri=6276"},{"id":190814,"name":"Réseau Informatique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/R%C3%A9seau_Informatique?f_ri=6276"},{"id":196091,"name":"Sattelite Imagery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sattelite_Imagery?f_ri=6276"},{"id":265674,"name":"Submarine Cable","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Submarine_Cable?f_ri=6276"},{"id":435047,"name":"Architecture Des Ordinateurs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture_Des_Ordinateurs?f_ri=6276"},{"id":548084,"name":"Humanités Numériques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanites_Numeriques?f_ri=6276"},{"id":670216,"name":"Sattelite Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sattelite_Communication?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1115297,"name":"Twiiter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Twiiter?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1147310,"name":"Réseaux et télécoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/R%C3%A9seaux_et_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9coms?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1195931,"name":"Geographic Information Systems GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_-2?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1227987,"name":"Mathemtics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathemtics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1581553,"name":"Global Warming Research Paper Topics Global Warming Research Paper Topics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming_Research_Paper_Topics_Global_Warming_Research_Paper_Topics?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16545383" data-work_id="16545383" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16545383/Konzerne_und_Steuermoral_Corporations_and_Tax_Evasion_">Konzerne und "Steuermoral" [Corporations and Tax Evasion]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Zeitungskolumne zur CTJ-Studie zu den ökonomischen und gesellschaftlichen Kosten der Steuerhinterziehung seitens der Fortune-500-Konzerne in den USA (8.10.2015)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16545383" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b7564a222a0c37ed1d3e49572a3dde72" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39043770,"asset_id":16545383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39043770/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3293109" href="https://rosalux.academia.edu/IngarSolty">Ingar Solty</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3293109" type="text/json">{"id":3293109,"first_name":"Ingar","last_name":"Solty","domain_name":"rosalux","page_name":"IngarSolty","display_name":"Ingar Solty","profile_url":"https://rosalux.academia.edu/IngarSolty?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3293109/1094705/1365245/s65_ingar.solty.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16545383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16545383"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16545383, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16545383", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16545383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16545383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16545383"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16545383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16545383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16545383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16545383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16545383").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16545383").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16545383"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies">American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="390" type="text/json">{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences">Social Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1237" type="text/json">{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1439" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization">Globalization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1439" type="text/json">{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16545383]'), work: {"id":16545383,"title":"Konzerne und \"Steuermoral\" [Corporations and Tax Evasion]","created_at":"2015-10-07T10:52:48.046-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16545383/Konzerne_und_Steuermoral_Corporations_and_Tax_Evasion_?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_16545383","summary":"Zeitungskolumne zur CTJ-Studie zu den ökonomischen und gesellschaftlichen Kosten der Steuerhinterziehung seitens der Fortune-500-Konzerne in den USA (8.10.2015)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39043770,"asset_id":16545383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3293109,"first_name":"Ingar","last_name":"Solty","domain_name":"rosalux","page_name":"IngarSolty","display_name":"Ingar Solty","profile_url":"https://rosalux.academia.edu/IngarSolty?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3293109/1094705/1365245/s65_ingar.solty.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4167,"name":"Corporate Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Governance?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4770,"name":"Taxation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taxation?f_ri=6276"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":29571,"name":"Multinational Corporations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multinational_Corporations?f_ri=6276"},{"id":42483,"name":"Tax Evasion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tax_Evasion?f_ri=6276"},{"id":75310,"name":"Economic Development: Tax Havens, Tax Evasion and Corruption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development_Tax_Havens_Tax_Evasion_and_Corruption?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1008885,"name":"Tax Havens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tax_Havens?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43004011" data-work_id="43004011" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43004011/The_birth_of_the_modern_world_an_interdisciplinary_history_of_the_world_economy_since_1800">The birth of the modern world: an interdisciplinary history of the world economy since 1800</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This is a brief outline and TOC of a book to be published by Palgrave Macmillan that I am writing (due out January 2022). I am posting this for comments and ideas and suggestions.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43004011" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dcb0050b96a443f700f60d398797420c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63267629,"asset_id":43004011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63267629/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1195137" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/CameronGordon">Cameron Gordon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1195137" type="text/json">{"id":1195137,"first_name":"Cameron","last_name":"Gordon","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"CameronGordon","display_name":"Cameron Gordon","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/CameronGordon?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1195137/428089/10065985/s65_cameron.gordon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43004011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43004011"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43004011, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43004011", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43004011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43004011; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43004011"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43004011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43004011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43004011; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43004011]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43004011").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43004011").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43004011"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43004011]'), work: {"id":43004011,"title":"The birth of the modern world: an interdisciplinary history of the world economy since 1800","created_at":"2020-05-10T23:36:01.116-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43004011/The_birth_of_the_modern_world_an_interdisciplinary_history_of_the_world_economy_since_1800?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_43004011","summary":"This is a brief outline and TOC of a book to be published by Palgrave Macmillan that I am writing (due out January 2022). I am posting this for comments and ideas and suggestions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63267629,"asset_id":43004011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1195137,"first_name":"Cameron","last_name":"Gordon","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"CameronGordon","display_name":"Cameron Gordon","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/CameronGordon?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1195137/428089/10065985/s65_cameron.gordon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=6276"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=6276"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=6276"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7235,"name":"Social Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":46429,"name":"Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":385234,"name":"Political Economy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_and_History?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67865806" data-work_id="67865806" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67865806/_The_China_Latin_America_and_Caribbean_Relation_Introduction_LASA_Forum_51_3_22_24">"The China-Latin America and Caribbean Relation: Introduction." LASA Forum. 51(3):22-24</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This short article introduces a dossier on the China-Latin American and the Caribbean in LASA Forum, July 2021.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67865806" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d9768a3f3fd6dc0baedf5898448ae43" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78552562,"asset_id":67865806,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78552562/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="804196" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/GerardoOtero">Gerardo Otero</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="804196" type="text/json">{"id":804196,"first_name":"Gerardo","last_name":"Otero","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"GerardoOtero","display_name":"Gerardo Otero","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/GerardoOtero?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/804196/442009/31070825/s65_gerardo.otero.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67865806 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67865806"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67865806, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67865806", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67865806 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67865806; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67865806"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67865806 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67865806"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67865806; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67865806]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67865806").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67865806").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67865806"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology">Economic Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="193" type="text/json">{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67865806]'), work: {"id":67865806,"title":"\"The China-Latin America and Caribbean Relation: Introduction.\" LASA Forum. 51(3):22-24","created_at":"2022-01-12T10:56:15.969-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67865806/_The_China_Latin_America_and_Caribbean_Relation_Introduction_LASA_Forum_51_3_22_24?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_67865806","summary":"This short article introduces a dossier on the China-Latin American and the Caribbean in LASA Forum, July 2021.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78552562,"asset_id":67865806,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":804196,"first_name":"Gerardo","last_name":"Otero","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"GerardoOtero","display_name":"Gerardo Otero","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/GerardoOtero?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/804196/442009/31070825/s65_gerardo.otero.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":193,"name":"Economic Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sociology?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49211002" data-work_id="49211002" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49211002/DO_THE_NEW_PEACE_AGREEMENTS_BETWEEN_ISRAEL_AND_THE_GULF_STATES_SET_A_HONEY_TRAP_FOR_ISRAEL">DO THE NEW PEACE AGREEMENTS BETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE GULF STATES SET A “HONEY TRAP” FOR ISRAEL?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines whether the recent peace agreements, signed between Israel and the Gulf states: The United Arab Emirates and Bahrain in September 2020, form a 'honey trap', meant to use the economic benefits they offer as leverage... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49211002" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines whether the recent peace agreements, signed between Israel and the Gulf states: The United Arab Emirates and Bahrain in September 2020, form a 'honey trap', meant to use the economic benefits they offer as leverage to affect Israel's political position towards the Middle East conflict. Recalling that the EU exercises such an approach for many years, the article tries to assess its current and potential effectiveness to the parties involved.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49211002" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e5ebe3f2630d52b1a162be18126155ae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67597410,"asset_id":49211002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67597410/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88538457" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NellieMunin">Nellie Munin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="88538457" type="text/json">{"id":88538457,"first_name":"Nellie","last_name":"Munin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NellieMunin","display_name":"Nellie Munin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NellieMunin?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49211002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49211002"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49211002, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49211002", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49211002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49211002; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49211002"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49211002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49211002"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49211002; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49211002]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49211002").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49211002").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49211002"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16568" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade_Law_">International Trade (Law)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16568" type="text/json">{"id":16568,"name":"International Trade (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade_Law_?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49211002]'), work: {"id":49211002,"title":"DO THE NEW PEACE AGREEMENTS BETWEEN ISRAEL\nAND THE GULF STATES SET A “HONEY TRAP” FOR ISRAEL?","created_at":"2021-06-11T07:52:49.355-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49211002/DO_THE_NEW_PEACE_AGREEMENTS_BETWEEN_ISRAEL_AND_THE_GULF_STATES_SET_A_HONEY_TRAP_FOR_ISRAEL?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_49211002","summary":"This article examines whether the recent peace agreements, signed between Israel and the Gulf states: The United Arab Emirates and Bahrain in September 2020, form a 'honey trap', meant to use the economic benefits they offer as leverage to affect Israel's political position towards the Middle East conflict. Recalling that the EU exercises such an approach for many years, the article tries to assess its current and potential effectiveness to the parties involved.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67597410,"asset_id":49211002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":88538457,"first_name":"Nellie","last_name":"Munin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NellieMunin","display_name":"Nellie Munin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NellieMunin?f_ri=6276","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":16568,"name":"International Trade (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade_Law_?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45440253" data-work_id="45440253" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45440253/Atay_Demirel_A_Reaction_Synopsis_on_Gill_S_and_Law_D_1989_Global_Hegemony_and_the_Structural_Power_of_Capital_International_Studies_Quarterly_33_4_475_499_">Atay Demirel - A Reaction Synopsis on ‘Gill, S. and Law, D. (1989). “Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital,” International Studies Quarterly 33(4): 475-499.’</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45440253" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="732484f320352369507f98bba11b8f71" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65951449,"asset_id":45440253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65951449/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="187447797" href="https://emu.academia.edu/AtayDemirel">Atay Demirel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="187447797" type="text/json">{"id":187447797,"first_name":"Atay","last_name":"Demirel","domain_name":"emu","page_name":"AtayDemirel","display_name":"Atay Demirel","profile_url":"https://emu.academia.edu/AtayDemirel?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/187447797/51917209/40009317/s65_atay.demirel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45440253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45440253"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45440253, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45440253", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45440253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45440253; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45440253"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45440253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45440253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45440253; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45440253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45440253").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45440253").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45440253"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45440253]'), work: {"id":45440253,"title":"Atay Demirel - A Reaction Synopsis on ‘Gill, S. and Law, D. (1989). “Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital,” International Studies Quarterly 33(4): 475-499.’","created_at":"2021-03-09T09:02:52.384-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45440253/Atay_Demirel_A_Reaction_Synopsis_on_Gill_S_and_Law_D_1989_Global_Hegemony_and_the_Structural_Power_of_Capital_International_Studies_Quarterly_33_4_475_499_?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_45440253","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65951449,"asset_id":45440253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":187447797,"first_name":"Atay","last_name":"Demirel","domain_name":"emu","page_name":"AtayDemirel","display_name":"Atay Demirel","profile_url":"https://emu.academia.edu/AtayDemirel?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/187447797/51917209/40009317/s65_atay.demirel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":24879,"name":"Hegemony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegemony?f_ri=6276"},{"id":37647,"name":"Gramsci and Cultural Hegemony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gramsci_and_Cultural_Hegemony?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43392255" data-work_id="43392255" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43392255/Exit_Empire">Exit Empire</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Editorial for Middle East Report No. 294 Exit Empire – Imagining New Paths for US Policy.  Co-authored with Shana Marshall, Jacob Mundy and Pete Moore.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43392255" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5a20c912155266253040a1a90c83f744" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63688485,"asset_id":43392255,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63688485/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6243771" href="https://alabama.academia.edu/WaleedHazbun">Waleed Hazbun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6243771" type="text/json">{"id":6243771,"first_name":"Waleed","last_name":"Hazbun","domain_name":"alabama","page_name":"WaleedHazbun","display_name":"Waleed Hazbun","profile_url":"https://alabama.academia.edu/WaleedHazbun?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6243771/2582498/20204958/s65_waleed.hazbun.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43392255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43392255"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43392255, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43392255", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43392255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43392255; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43392255"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43392255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43392255"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43392255; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43392255]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43392255").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43392255").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43392255"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36487" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U.S._Foreign_Policy">U.S. Foreign Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="36487" type="text/json">{"id":36487,"name":"U.S. Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U.S._Foreign_Policy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43392255]'), work: {"id":43392255,"title":"Exit Empire","created_at":"2020-06-20T06:48:02.537-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43392255/Exit_Empire?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_43392255","summary":"Editorial for Middle East Report No. 294 Exit Empire – Imagining New Paths for US Policy. Co-authored with Shana Marshall, Jacob Mundy and Pete Moore.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63688485,"asset_id":43392255,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6243771,"first_name":"Waleed","last_name":"Hazbun","domain_name":"alabama","page_name":"WaleedHazbun","display_name":"Waleed Hazbun","profile_url":"https://alabama.academia.edu/WaleedHazbun?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6243771/2582498/20204958/s65_waleed.hazbun.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":36487,"name":"U.S. Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U.S._Foreign_Policy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37867736" data-work_id="37867736" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37867736/Book_Review_Frye_Timothy_2010_Building_States_and_Markets_after_Communism_The_Perils_of_Polarized_Democracy_New_York_Cambridge_by_Alfio_Cerami">Book Review: Frye, Timothy (2010), Building States and Markets after Communism. The Perils of Polarized Democracy, New York: Cambridge. by Alfio Cerami</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Timothy’s Frye’s Building States and Markets after Communism. The Perils of Polarized Democracy is one of the most valuable contributions on post-communist transformation(s) appeared in the last decades. The book examines the relationship... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37867736" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Timothy’s Frye’s Building States and Markets after Communism. The Perils of Polarized Democracy is one of the most valuable contributions on post-communist transformation(s) appeared in the last decades. The book examines the relationship between state building and market creation in twenty-five post-communist countries since the end of communism.<br /><br />It combines statistical quantitative analysis on a variety of data (including a survey of business elites) with more in-depth country studies on Bulgaria, Poland, Russia and Uzbekistan. Frye’s main focus is on political polarization – the policy distance between different political factions present in the political arena – and its effects on democracy and market reforms. The main questions that the author addresses are: 1. ‘Does democracy promote the creation of market economies and robust state institutions? 2. If so, why? 3. Under what conditions do state building and market building work at cross-purposes and when are they mutually reinforcing?’ (p.2). Access the full review</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37867736" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="04861e96694be67aaa6d64bc24af1c92" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57873671,"asset_id":37867736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57873671/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="64758666" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlfioCerami">Alfio Cerami</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="64758666" type="text/json">{"id":64758666,"first_name":"Alfio","last_name":"Cerami","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlfioCerami","display_name":"Alfio Cerami","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlfioCerami?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/64758666/16838222/27266096/s65_alfio.cerami.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37867736 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37867736"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37867736, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37867736", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37867736 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37867736; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37867736"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37867736 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37867736"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37867736; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37867736]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37867736").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37867736").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37867736"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="796" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics">Comparative Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="796" type="text/json">{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization">Democratization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5091" type="text/json">{"id":5091,"name":"Democratization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6018" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markets">Markets</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6018" type="text/json">{"id":6018,"name":"Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markets?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37867736]'), work: {"id":37867736,"title":"Book Review: Frye, Timothy (2010), Building States and Markets after Communism. The Perils of Polarized Democracy, New York: Cambridge. by Alfio Cerami","created_at":"2018-11-28T04:11:44.038-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37867736/Book_Review_Frye_Timothy_2010_Building_States_and_Markets_after_Communism_The_Perils_of_Polarized_Democracy_New_York_Cambridge_by_Alfio_Cerami?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_37867736","summary":"Timothy’s Frye’s Building States and Markets after Communism. The Perils of Polarized Democracy is one of the most valuable contributions on post-communist transformation(s) appeared in the last decades. The book examines the relationship between state building and market creation in twenty-five post-communist countries since the end of communism.\n\nIt combines statistical quantitative analysis on a variety of data (including a survey of business elites) with more in-depth country studies on Bulgaria, Poland, Russia and Uzbekistan. Frye’s main focus is on political polarization – the policy distance between different political factions present in the political arena – and its effects on democracy and market reforms. The main questions that the author addresses are: 1. ‘Does democracy promote the creation of market economies and robust state institutions? 2. If so, why? 3. Under what conditions do state building and market building work at cross-purposes and when are they mutually reinforcing?’ (p.2). Access the full review","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57873671,"asset_id":37867736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":64758666,"first_name":"Alfio","last_name":"Cerami","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlfioCerami","display_name":"Alfio Cerami","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlfioCerami?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/64758666/16838222/27266096/s65_alfio.cerami.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":5091,"name":"Democratization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6018,"name":"Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markets?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=6276"},{"id":10672,"name":"State Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":32213,"name":"Emerging Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Markets?f_ri=6276"},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=6276"},{"id":64736,"name":"Democratic consolidation; Quality of democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_consolidation_Quality_of_democracy?f_ri=6276"},{"id":221736,"name":"Russian Federation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Federation?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37036608" data-work_id="37036608" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37036608/ASSAF_F_A_crise_do_Capitalismo_e_o_mundo_Imperialista_1870_1920_REVISTA_CANTAREIRA_EDI%C3%87%C3%83O_26_JAN_JUN_2017_pdf_The_crisis_of_Capitalism_and_the_Imperialist_world_1870_1920_CANTAREIRA_JOURNAL_26TH_EDITION_JAN_JUN_2017_pdf">ASSAF, F. A crise do Capitalismo e o mundo Imperialista (1870-1920). REVISTA CANTAREIRA - EDIÇÃO 26 JAN-JUN, 2017.pdf /The crisis of Capitalism and the Imperialist world (1870-1920). CANTAREIRA JOURNAL - 26TH EDITION JAN-JUN, 2017.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">O presente artigo é um balanço bibliográfico em torno do Imperialismo e sua relação com as modificações globais provocadas pela crise do capitalismo na Inglaterra a partir de 1870, estudada, principalmente, por Vladimir Ilitch Lenin, além... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37036608" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">O presente artigo é um balanço bibliográfico em torno do Imperialismo e sua relação com as modificações globais provocadas pela crise do capitalismo na Inglaterra a partir de 1870, estudada, principalmente, por Vladimir Ilitch Lenin, além de outros autores como Karl Marx, Rosa Luxemburgo,John Hobson, Rudolf Hilferding, Karl Kautsky, Nikolai Bukharin, Aloísio Azevedo, Eric Hobsbawm e os liberais Joseph Schumpeter e Norman Angell. Defende-se a ideia de que a complexa e densa discussão deve levar em conta esta crise e seus desdobramentos no campo econômico financeiro, bem como o contexto anterior do capitalismo com suas mudanças estruturais, que levou a um acirramento dos conflitos entre as potências em nome de colônias, lucro e riquezas, processo que culminou numa “guerra imperialista”, como denomina Lenin a guerra de 1914-18, bem como se ressalta a importância da transição do velho para o moderno capitalismo dentro deste complexo processo. <br />Palavras-chave: Imperialismo, capitalismo, crise. <br /> <br /> <br />The purpose of this article is to discuss the Imperialism and its relations among the <br />global modifications caused by the Capitalism crisis in the late 1870’s England, studied by autors such as Vladimir Ilitch Lenin and Eric Hobsbawm and putted in perspective by others like Aloísio Azevedo. The main thesis is that the complex and dense discussion must consider its economic and finantial developments, as well as its previous context which led the economic powers into a battle over the colonies, the <br />profit and its riches; process that Lenin called “Imperial War”, refering to the First <br />World War and the transition between the old and the modern Capitalism inside this <br />complex process. <br />Keywords: Imperialism, Capitalism, crisis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37036608" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="963434241433eeb63c4fac592d01a729" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56986728,"asset_id":37036608,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56986728/download_file?st=MTc0MDU2MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4059010" href="https://uff.academia.edu/FabianeAssaf">Fabiane Assaf (ASSAF, F.)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4059010" type="text/json">{"id":4059010,"first_name":"Fabiane","last_name":"Assaf (ASSAF, F.)","domain_name":"uff","page_name":"FabianeAssaf","display_name":"Fabiane Assaf (ASSAF, F.)","profile_url":"https://uff.academia.edu/FabianeAssaf?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4059010/2624626/168325747/s65_fabiane.assaf_assaf_f._.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37036608 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37036608"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37036608, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37036608", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37036608 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37036608; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37036608"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37036608 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37036608"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37036608; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37036608]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37036608").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37036608").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37036608"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1734" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics">Marxist Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1734" type="text/json">{"id":1734,"name":"Marxist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3516" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_History">Contemporary History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3516" type="text/json">{"id":3516,"name":"Contemporary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37036608]'), work: {"id":37036608,"title":"ASSAF, F. A crise do Capitalismo e o mundo Imperialista (1870-1920). REVISTA CANTAREIRA - EDIÇÃO 26 JAN-JUN, 2017.pdf /The crisis of Capitalism and the Imperialist world (1870-1920). CANTAREIRA JOURNAL - 26TH EDITION JAN-JUN, 2017.pdf","created_at":"2018-07-12T19:35:19.012-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37036608/ASSAF_F_A_crise_do_Capitalismo_e_o_mundo_Imperialista_1870_1920_REVISTA_CANTAREIRA_EDI%C3%87%C3%83O_26_JAN_JUN_2017_pdf_The_crisis_of_Capitalism_and_the_Imperialist_world_1870_1920_CANTAREIRA_JOURNAL_26TH_EDITION_JAN_JUN_2017_pdf?f_ri=6276","dom_id":"work_37036608","summary":"O presente artigo é um balanço bibliográfico em torno do Imperialismo e sua relação com as modificações globais provocadas pela crise do capitalismo na Inglaterra a partir de 1870, estudada, principalmente, por Vladimir Ilitch Lenin, além de outros autores como Karl Marx, Rosa Luxemburgo,John Hobson, Rudolf Hilferding, Karl Kautsky, Nikolai Bukharin, Aloísio Azevedo, Eric Hobsbawm e os liberais Joseph Schumpeter e Norman Angell. Defende-se a ideia de que a complexa e densa discussão deve levar em conta esta crise e seus desdobramentos no campo econômico financeiro, bem como o contexto anterior do capitalismo com suas mudanças estruturais, que levou a um acirramento dos conflitos entre as potências em nome de colônias, lucro e riquezas, processo que culminou numa “guerra imperialista”, como denomina Lenin a guerra de 1914-18, bem como se ressalta a importância da transição do velho para o moderno capitalismo dentro deste complexo processo.\r\nPalavras-chave: Imperialismo, capitalismo, crise.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this article is to discuss the Imperialism and its relations among the\r\nglobal modifications caused by the Capitalism crisis in the late 1870’s England, studied by autors such as Vladimir Ilitch Lenin and Eric Hobsbawm and putted in perspective by others like Aloísio Azevedo. The main thesis is that the complex and dense discussion must consider its economic and finantial developments, as well as its previous context which led the economic powers into a battle over the colonies, the\r\nprofit and its riches; process that Lenin called “Imperial War”, refering to the First\r\nWorld War and the transition between the old and the modern Capitalism inside this\r\ncomplex process.\r\nKeywords: Imperialism, Capitalism, crisis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56986728,"asset_id":37036608,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4059010,"first_name":"Fabiane","last_name":"Assaf (ASSAF, F.)","domain_name":"uff","page_name":"FabianeAssaf","display_name":"Fabiane Assaf (ASSAF, F.)","profile_url":"https://uff.academia.edu/FabianeAssaf?f_ri=6276","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4059010/2624626/168325747/s65_fabiane.assaf_assaf_f._.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":1734,"name":"Marxist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":3516,"name":"Contemporary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_History?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=6276","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=6276"},{"id":79038,"name":"Marxismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxismo?f_ri=6276"},{"id":249390,"name":"Historia Contemporánea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea?f_ri=6276"},{"id":462703,"name":"História Contemporânea (Século XIX e XX)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contemporanea_Seculo_XIX_e_XX_?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1424841,"name":"Marxist Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Studies?f_ri=6276"},{"id":1563599,"name":"História do Capitalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_do_Capitalismo?f_ri=6276"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?after=50%2C37036608" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="802">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="802">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="797">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="797">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory">International Relations Theory</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1166">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1166">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="4486">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="4486">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_international_political_economy">Critical international political economy</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="18794">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="18794">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies">International Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1911">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1911">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security">International Security</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="3705">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="3705">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1218">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1218">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="10347">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="10347">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics">Comparative Politics</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="796">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="796">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "d26b64d9544e72fdb22284f3a8e49d084e6244d841e37cb2e462d1a61fc00bdc", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="oGcODJRkmE68cnvm0hXGGbcf6tbyJfwb0g636GIYJQbqn1oobuIwUxm8zVw52RFt3rpsT9WgYhy-FXfVeMiLUw" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="JQgLhFT13sNxYkax6sGt9EUwveRaauqEFrN3g24XuVRv8F-grnN23tSs8AsBDXqALJU7fX3vdIN6qLe-dMcXAQ" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>