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class="DesignSystem"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="ri-header-container"><h1 class="research-interest-header">Economics</h1><div class="counts-container"><div class="div">1,067,993 papers</div><div class="div">5,300,050 followers</div></div><div class="definition-container"><div class="ai-powered-callout">AI Powered</div>Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It analyzes how individuals, businesses, and governments make choices regarding resource allocation and the implications of these choices on overall economic systems and societal welfare.</div><div class="button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--small js-header-login-url react-login-modal-opener" data-click-track="topics--follow-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"login-button--header"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--small" data-click-track="topics--view-all-button" href="/topics"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span>View all topics</a></div></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="main-content-container"><div class="works-container"><div class="nav-container"><ul class="nav-list"><li><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--extra-small nav-item active" data-active="" data-click-track="topics--nav-all-papers" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Newest</a></li><li><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--extra-small nav-item" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics/TopPapers">Top papers</a></li><li><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--extra-small nav-item" data-click-track="topics--nav-most-cited" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics/MostCited">Most cited</a></li><li><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--extra-small nav-item" data-click-track="topics--nav-most-downloaded" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics/MostDownloaded">Most downloaded</a></li></ul></div><div class="works"><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512752/M%C5%82odzie%C5%BCowa_Rada_m_st_Warszawy_oraz_m%C5%82odzie%C5%BCowe_rady_dzielnic_m_st_Warszawy_przyk%C5%82ad_dwustopniowego_systemu_partycypacji_w_spo%C5%82ecze%C5%84stwie_obywatelskim_m%C5%82odzie%C5%BCy">Młodzieżowa Rada m.st. Warszawy oraz młodzieżowe rady dzielnic m.st. Warszawy – przykład dwustopniowego systemu partycypacji w społeczeństwie obywatelskim młodzieży</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/nikodemkaczprzak">nikodem kaczprzak</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Rocznik Administracji Publicznej</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Youth councils in local government units are among the tools for increasing civic participation of young people in their local communities. By acting in a youth council, a young person has a chance to influence his or her environment,... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Youth councils in local government units are among the tools for increasing civic participation of young people in their local communities. By acting in a youth council, a young person has a chance to influence his or her environment, gain experience in socio‑political activities, and meet similarly active people from all over Poland. There is great potential in the creation of such bodies, which, if exploited by local authorities, can significantly strengthen future civil society. This article presents the legal and actual framework for the operation of youth councils in Poland and discusses the 2021 amendment to the legislation in this area. It then presents an example of a two‑tier system of youth participation in civil society: the Youth Council of the City of Warsaw and the Youth District Councils in the same city. It presents examples of initiatives taken by the Youth Council of the Capital City of Warsaw and the Youth Council of the Śródmieście District of the Capital City of...</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512752/M%C5%82odzie%C5%BCowa_Rada_m_st_Warszawy_oraz_m%C5%82odzie%C5%BCowe_rady_dzielnic_m_st_Warszawy_przyk%C5%82ad_dwustopniowego_systemu_partycypacji_w_spo%C5%82ecze%C5%84stwie_obywatelskim_m%C5%82odzie%C5%BCy"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081538/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512518/Efficacy_and_safety_of_fixed_dose_combination_of_atorvastatin_and_hydroxychloroquine_a_randomized_double_blind_comparison_with_atorvastatin_alone_among_Indian_patients_with_dyslipidemia">Efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of atorvastatin and hydroxychloroquine: a randomized, double-blind comparison with atorvastatin alone among Indian patients with dyslipidemia</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnilPareek1">Anil Pareek</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Current Medical Research and Opinion</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination therapy using aspirin (also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) and atorvastatin in comparison with atorvastatin alone to improve liver fibrosis and function... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination therapy using aspirin (also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) and atorvastatin in comparison with atorvastatin alone to improve liver fibrosis and function in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. In this randomized double-blinded clinical trail, 40 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis were randomly allocated to the intervention group (atorvastatin + ASA) and the control group (atorvastatin) treated for six months. Then liver function and stiffness (based on transient electrography) were compared. A checklist was used for data collection and the results were analyzed by SPSS 24 using chi-square test and paired t-test at the 0.05 significance level. Results: A total of 33 cases, including16 patients in group A (atorvastatin + ASA) and 17 in group B (atorvastatin + placebo) with a mean age of 50.3 ± 11.2 and 47.9 ± 10.6 years and BMI of 30.7 ± 4.2 and 30.8± 3.1 in groups A and B, were studied, respectively. Twelve patients (75%) in group A and 14 cases (82%) in group B were male. Both groups were homogenized in terms of demographic information at baseline. A significant improvement in Child score (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002 for groups A and B, respectively) and liver stiffness (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.007 for groups A and B, respectively) were observed in both groups after the intervention, however there was no significant improvement in child score (P = 0.982) and liver stiffness (P = 0.611) in comparing both groups. Conclusions: Although atorvastatin is effective in improvement of liver fibrosis and function in cryptogenic cirrhosis, adding ASA cannot improve its effects.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512518/Efficacy_and_safety_of_fixed_dose_combination_of_atorvastatin_and_hydroxychloroquine_a_randomized_double_blind_comparison_with_atorvastatin_alone_among_Indian_patients_with_dyslipidemia"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081400/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512306/The_effects_of_the_TTIP_on_EU_countries_An_ex_ante_evaluation">The effects of the TTIP on EU countries: An ex-ante evaluation</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The EU and the US are involved currently in discussions of what is called the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Up to now, there have been several attempts to assess the economic impact of the TTIP, both at the... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The EU and the US are involved currently in discussions of what is called the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Up to now, there have been several attempts to assess the economic impact of the TTIP, both at the EU-wide level and for some of the EU countries. None of these studies, however, pays any attention to the potential impact of the TTIP on every EU country, which is the main aim of this paper. In a nutshell, the main findings indicate that the effects of the TTIP agreement are going to be small, albeit positive, and not equally distributed. More specifically, the most developed countries tend to be those that, potentially, will undergo a higher increase in their trade with the US, so they are more likely to reap benefits from the TTIP than the less developed countries. This being so, the TTIP will (weakly) increase cross-country disparities.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512306/The_effects_of_the_TTIP_on_EU_countries_An_ex_ante_evaluation"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081196/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512305/Non_hbox_CO_2_CO_2_Generating_Energy_Shares_in_the_World_Cross_Country_Differences_and_Polarization">Non- $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 Generating Energy Shares in the World: Cross-Country Differences and Polarization</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Environmental and Resource Economics</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The aim of this paper is to examine the spatial distribution of non-CO2 generating energy sources in the world for the period 1990-2009, paying special attention to the evolution of cross-country disparities. To this end, after carrying... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this paper is to examine the spatial distribution of non-CO2 generating energy sources in the world for the period 1990-2009, paying special attention to the evolution of cross-country disparities. To this end, after carrying out a classical convergence analysis, a more thorough investigation of the entire distribution is presented by examining its external shape, the intra-distribution dynamics and the long-run equilibrium distribution. This analysis reveals the existence of a weak, rather insignificant, convergence process and that large cross-country differences are likely to persist in the long-run. Next, as polarization indicators are a proper way of appraising potential conflict in international environmental negotiations, we test whether, or not, the distribution dynamics concurs with the presence of polarization. Our results indicate that two poles can be clearly differentiated, one with high and other with low non-CO2 generating energy shares. In view of these findings, and to ensure a fair transition to a sustainable energy system, the paper calls for the development of an ambitious clean energy agenda, especially in countries with low non-CO2 generating energy shares.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512305/Non_hbox_CO_2_CO_2_Generating_Energy_Shares_in_the_World_Cross_Country_Differences_and_Polarization"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081197/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512304/Spatial_Linkages_in_FDI_Location_Evidence_from_the_Spanish_Regions">Spatial Linkages in FDI Location: Evidence from the Spanish Regions</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper examines the main factors behind the regional location of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Spain, at both the aggregate and sectoral levels, over the 1996-2013 period. To do so, a panel spatial Durbin model, which allows to... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines the main factors behind the regional location of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Spain, at both the aggregate and sectoral levels, over the 1996-2013 period. To do so, a panel spatial Durbin model, which allows to unveil patterns of substitution or complementarity in FDI across regions, is estimated. Our findings reveal that inward FDI in one region is complementary to that in neighboring regions, a conclusion that is consistent with a complex vertical FDI strategy. Besides, they tend to confirm the hypotheses that FDI exhibits some inertia and is attracted by regions with (a) large market size, (b) large surrounding-market potential, and (c) high levels of human capital and wages. However, the results cast some doubts on the role played by infrastructure, R&D and regional differences in taxes as key elements in attracting FDI.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512304/Spatial_Linkages_in_FDI_Location_Evidence_from_the_Spanish_Regions"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081193/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512303/European_metropolitan_regions_a_convergence_process">European metropolitan regions: a convergence process?</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Economics Bulletin</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Regional convergence has become a heated topic in recent decades. Most papers studying this question define regions according to normative criteria, even though this can lead to biased conclusions. In contrast, this article explores the... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Regional convergence has become a heated topic in recent decades. Most papers studying this question define regions according to normative criteria, even though this can lead to biased conclusions. In contrast, this article explores the per capita income (PCI) distribution of metropolitan regions defined by a functional criterion, the agglomerated population. Specifically, we examine the external shape and internal movements of the PCI distribution in a sample of 235 European metropolitan regions over the period 1995 to 2006. The results describe a process of income convergence among these regions.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512303/European_metropolitan_regions_a_convergence_process"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081191/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512302/A_spatial_approach_to_the_FDI_growth_nexus_in_Spain_Dealing_with_the_headquarters_effect">A spatial approach to the FDI-growth nexus in Spain: Dealing with the headquarters effect</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, International Business Review</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper examines the effects of inward FDI on economic growth across the Spanish regions over the period 1996-2013, paying particular attention to the 'headquarters effect', namely that FDI is not always registered where it is... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines the effects of inward FDI on economic growth across the Spanish regions over the period 1996-2013, paying particular attention to the 'headquarters effect', namely that FDI is not always registered where it is effectively made but in the region in which the firm's headquarters is located. By estimating a panel Spatial Durbin Model to allow for the detection of spatial spillovers, two main findings are reported. First, FDI does foster economic growth. Second, only when the headquarters effect is properly addressed do spatial spillovers arise. Hence, this effect is masking the impact of regional FDI spillovers on growth, which affects the reliability of the results and, consequently, FDI policies choice. Importantly, the results are: a) robust to the way of computing the headquarters effect; b) independent of the spatial weight matrix specification; and c) confirmed when splitting FDI into different industrial and service branches.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512302/A_spatial_approach_to_the_FDI_growth_nexus_in_Spain_Dealing_with_the_headquarters_effect"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081190/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512301/Has_the_crisis_affected_Spanish_investment_strategy_abroad_A_spatial_panel_data_approach">Has the crisis affected Spanish investment strategy abroad? A spatial panel data approach</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, The World Economy</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper investigates whether the Spanish investment strategy abroad has been affected by the Great Recession. Applying a panel Spatial Durbin Model for two sample periods, pre-crisis... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper investigates whether the Spanish investment strategy abroad has been affected by the Great Recession. Applying a panel Spatial Durbin Model for two sample periods, pre-crisis (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) and crisis (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014), our findings indicate that Spanish FDI strategy has been indeed markedly altered by the global economic crisis. Complex-vertical FDI motives prevailed over the pre-crisis period whereas horizontal FDI did so over the crisis. These results are robust to the use of sectoral FDI data and alternative specifications of the spatial weight matrix.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512301/Has_the_crisis_affected_Spanish_investment_strategy_abroad_A_spatial_panel_data_approach"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081189/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512300/Health_care_expenditure_disparities_in_the_European_Union_and_underlying_factors_a_distribution_dynamics_approach">Health care expenditure disparities in the European Union and underlying factors: a distribution dynamics approach</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, International journal of health care finance and economics</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper examines health care expenditure (HCE) disparities between the European Union countries over the period 1995-2010. By means of using a continuous version of the distribution dynamics approach, the key conclusions are that the... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines health care expenditure (HCE) disparities between the European Union countries over the period 1995-2010. By means of using a continuous version of the distribution dynamics approach, the key conclusions are that the reduction in disparities is very weak and, therefore, persistence is the main characteristic of the HCE distribution. In view of these findings, a preliminary attempt is made to add some insights into potentially main factors behind the HCE distribution. The results indicate that whereas per capita income is by far the main determinant, the dependency ratio and female labour participation do not play any role in explaining the HCE distribution; as for the rest of the factors studied (life expectancy, infant mortality, R&D expenditure and public HCE expenditure share), we find that their role falls somewhat in between.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512300/Health_care_expenditure_disparities_in_the_European_Union_and_underlying_factors_a_distribution_dynamics_approach"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081187/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512299/A_New_FDI_Potential_Index_Design_and_Application_to_the_EU_Regions">A New FDI Potential Index: Design and Application to the EU Regions</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, European Planning Studies</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The aim of this paper is to propose a new way of computing the FDI Potential Index to address the issue of FDI attractiveness at the EU regional level. This new index employs a sound way of selecting the variables involved in its... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this paper is to propose a new way of computing the FDI Potential Index to address the issue of FDI attractiveness at the EU regional level. This new index employs a sound way of selecting the variables involved in its construction, for which a factor analysis is performed. Accordingly, six factors ("economic potential", "market size", "labour situation", "technological progress", "labour regulation" and "competitiveness") are identified. Next, by applying the methodology of composite indicators and considering different weighting and aggregation schemes, three versions (un-weighted linear, weighted linear and weighted geometric) of the new FDI Potential Index are computed. Afterwards, the comparison of the weighted linear version of the Potential Index with the conventional FDI Performance Index allows us to apply the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) FDI typology. The results reveal considerable heterogeneity among EU regions in terms of FDI attractiveness, and that regions belonging to the same group of the UNCTAD classification are highly concentrated from a geographical perspective. In view of these findings, we compute an additional version of both the FDI Potential and Performance indices, in which the geographical location of each region plays a key role. Based on these spatial indices, some general policy implications are drawn.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512299/A_New_FDI_Potential_Index_Design_and_Application_to_the_EU_Regions"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081186/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512298/On_the_drivers_of_UK_direct_investment_in_the_Spanish_regions_A_spatial_Durbin_approach">On the drivers of UK direct investment in the Spanish regions: A spatial Durbin approach</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Growth and Change</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper empirically examines the key factors driving UK direct investment in the Spanish regions over the period 2000-16 and, consequently, tries to unveil its main motivation. Applying a spatial Durbin panel model to capture spatial... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper empirically examines the key factors driving UK direct investment in the Spanish regions over the period 2000-16 and, consequently, tries to unveil its main motivation. Applying a spatial Durbin panel model to capture spatial linkages, the results point to the existence of complementarity between the FDI received by a region and that of the remaining ones. This outcome, along with a positive and statistically significant spillover effect of market potential, reveals that complex-vertical FDI motivation with agglomeration economies prevails among UK MNEs investing in Spain. Additionally, our findings unveil the role played by some other FDI drivers, such as wages and infrastructure. Furthermore, the paper is unique in decomposing the average direct and spillover effects by region and pairs of regions, so that remarkable differences can be identified. This breakdown has strong significance from a policy perspective since it can guide regional policymakers. In short, our findings point out to the fact that FDI policy should be jointly designed by those regions presenting strong bilateral spillover effects. Thus, greater cooperation among policymakers would be welcome.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512298/On_the_drivers_of_UK_direct_investment_in_the_Spanish_regions_A_spatial_Durbin_approach"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081183/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512296/A_spatial_approach_to_the_impact_of_immigration_on_wages_evidence_from_Spain">A spatial approach to the impact of immigration on wages: evidence from Spain</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Regional Studies</p></div><div class="summary">The results have been obtained using the exponential distance matrix. The cells of the main diagonal are shaded. Source: INE and own elaboration.</div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512296/A_spatial_approach_to_the_impact_of_immigration_on_wages_evidence_from_Spain"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081180/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512277/Will_EMU_increase_regional_disparities_in_Spain_A_new_empirical_approach">Will EMU increase regional disparities in Spain? A new empirical approach</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/josevillaverde">jose villaverde</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, ERSA conference papers</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper intends to analyse the current and expected evolution of regional disparities in Spain, paying special attention to the feasible impact of the integration in the single currency. Accordingly, it pursues some estimations of the... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper intends to analyse the current and expected evolution of regional disparities in Spain, paying special attention to the feasible impact of the integration in the single currency. Accordingly, it pursues some estimations of the steady state levels of labour productivity under different scenarios. Basic results confirm the idea that Spanish regions seem to be already close to their long run equilibrium. Furthermore, our empirical analysis suggests that the main reason explaining the lack of convergence in productivity levels is technology differences across regions. The single currency will probably bring Spanish regions still closer to the average European welfare level, but further homogenisation within autonomous communities is not warranted unless structural reforms are carried out. * Research assistance provided by M. Angeles Llamas is gratefully acknowledged. We also appreciate the financial help granted by the Spanish Ministry of Education, project number PB 97-0351. A modified version of this paper will be forthcoming in a book published by Edward Elgar.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512277/Will_EMU_increase_regional_disparities_in_Spain_A_new_empirical_approach"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081171/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512184/Trajectories_of_mental_health_outcomes_following_COVID_19_infection_a_prospective_longitudinal_study">Trajectories of mental health outcomes following COVID-19 infection: a prospective longitudinal study</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaHedmanLagerl%C3%B6f">Maria Hedman-Lagerlöf</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Background The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a global mental health crisis. Yet, we know little about the lasting effects of COVID-19 infection on mental health. This prospective longitudinal study aimed to investigate the trajectories... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a global mental health crisis. Yet, we know little about the lasting effects of COVID-19 infection on mental health. This prospective longitudinal study aimed to investigate the trajectories of mental health changes over time in individuals infected with COVID-19 and to identify potential predictors that may influence these changes. Methods A web-survey that targeted individuals that had been infected with COVID-19 was used at three time-points: T0 (baseline), T1 (six months), and T2 (twelve months). The survey included demographics, questions related to COVID-19 status, previous psychiatric diagnosis, post-COVID impairments, fatigue, and standardized measures of depression, anxiety, insomnia. Results A total of 236 individuals completed assessments and was included in the longitudinal sample. The results revealed notable changes in mental health outcomes over time. The trajectory of depression showed significant improvement over time w...</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512184/Trajectories_of_mental_health_outcomes_following_COVID_19_infection_a_prospective_longitudinal_study"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122081097/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512021/Impacts_and_causes_of_land_fragmentation_and_lessons_learned_from_land_consolidation_in_South_Asia">Impacts and causes of land fragmentation, and lessons learned from land consolidation in South Asia</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GopalThapa">Gopal Thapa</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Land Use Policy</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Landholdings and land parcels in South Asia are undergoing fragmentation, thereby accelerating the pace of their degradation and constraining agricultural development. Based on experiences gained in the region and elsewhere, this paper... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Landholdings and land parcels in South Asia are undergoing fragmentation, thereby accelerating the pace of their degradation and constraining agricultural development. Based on experiences gained in the region and elsewhere, this paper finds the fragmentation of small landholdings and tiny land parcels detrimental to land conservation and economic gain, thereby discouraging farmers from adoption of agricultural innovations. Primarily induced by the dependency of the major proportion of ever growing population on agriculture, the process of land fragmentation has been reinforced by the law of inheritance of paternal property, lack of progressive tax on inherited land, heterogeneous land quality and an underdeveloped land market. South Asian countries have had adopted policies and legal measures for facilitating land consolidation. However, desirable results were not achieved, as such interventions could not address structural causes of the problem. Broad policy and legal measures have been outlined for facilitating land consolidation in a sustainable way.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512021/Impacts_and_causes_of_land_fragmentation_and_lessons_learned_from_land_consolidation_in_South_Asia"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080984/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512020/Alternative_options_of_land_consolidation_in_the_mountains_of_Nepal_An_analysis_based_on_stakeholders_opinions">Alternative options of land consolidation in the mountains of Nepal: An analysis based on stakeholders’ opinions</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GopalThapa">Gopal Thapa</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Land Use Policy</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">In view of the adverse impact of land fragmentation on the mountain agriculture development in Nepal, this study begins with the intergenerational land fragmentation trend analysis and its causes. This is followed by an evaluation of... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In view of the adverse impact of land fragmentation on the mountain agriculture development in Nepal, this study begins with the intergenerational land fragmentation trend analysis and its causes. This is followed by an evaluation of alternative options of land consolidation from the perspectives of stakeholders surveyed. Required information was collected from the farmers, local elites, parliamentarians, top-level bureaucrats, and researchers through structured and semi-structured interviews, and group discussions. Findings of the study revealed a trend of steadily decreasing landholding size and increasing number of land parcels caused by the tradition of paternal property subdivision among household heirs, steadily growing population, scarcity of non-farming employment opportunities, and sentimental attachment with the paternal property. Farmers are well aware of the adverse economic consequences of land fragmentation and, therefore, they see the need for consolidation of fragmented land parcels. Their most preferred options of land consolidation are those that facilitate the spontaneous process of consolidation and that do not force them to restructure the landholdings in their possession. With some exceptions, majority of other stakeholders have similar views. Policies for land consolidation have been suggested in line with the stakeholders' preferences.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128512020/Alternative_options_of_land_consolidation_in_the_mountains_of_Nepal_An_analysis_based_on_stakeholders_opinions"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080985/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511951/No_04_Silenced_by_Nation_Building_African_Immigrants_and_Language_Policy_in_the_New_South_Africa">No. 04: Silenced by Nation-Building: African Immigrants and Language Policy in the New South Africa</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/NigelCrawhall">Nigel Crawhall</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511951/No_04_Silenced_by_Nation_Building_African_Immigrants_and_Language_Policy_in_the_New_South_Africa"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080940/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511441/Factors_Affecting_the_Adoption_of_Electronic_Procurement_in_the_Public_Sector_The_Case_of_Songwe_District_Council">Factors Affecting the Adoption of Electronic Procurement in the Public Sector: The Case of Songwe District Council</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BlandinaKisawike">Blandina Kisawike</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, East African journal of business and economics</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The study aimed to determine the factors affecting the adoption of electronic procurement in the public sector: the case of Songwe District Council. The specific objectives were to determine effects of relative advantage on the adoption... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The study aimed to determine the factors affecting the adoption of electronic procurement in the public sector: the case of Songwe District Council. The specific objectives were to determine effects of relative advantage on the adoption of electronic procurement system in Songwe District Council, determine the effects of complexity on using electronic procurement system and to determine the effects of trialability on using electronic procurement system. The research employed a quantitative approach. The target population was 56 respondents from the selected departments. Data was analysed descriptively, 32(57%) agreed that relative advantage had effect on electronic procurement system adoption, 14(25%) disagreed while 10(18%) were neutral. of complexity effects on electronic procurement system adoption, 25(45%) agreed on the statements that, the electronic procurement system was difficult to understand, the organization provided training to departments on the use of electronic procurement system and staffs knew how to evaluate tenders by using the electronic procurement system, 20(35%) disagreed and 11(20%) were neutral. Thus, the findings revealed that complexity had effect on electronic procurements system adoption. 26(46%) agreed on the statements that, electronic procurement system adoption had been experimented with limited basis and the Songwe District Council had available network connections whereas 15(28%) disagree and 15(26%) neutral. The study recommends that the Songwe District council should employ more trialability in using electronic system since they have positive and significant results especially when more training will be engaged on the adoption of electronic procurement system. The findings of this study can be adopted in other districts councils with similar administrative and development characteristics as well as among other government institutions.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511441/Factors_Affecting_the_Adoption_of_Electronic_Procurement_in_the_Public_Sector_The_Case_of_Songwe_District_Council"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080583/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511165/Correction_to_The_Determinants_of_Local_Employment_Growth_in_Spain">Correction to: The Determinants of Local Employment Growth in Spain</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://uniovi.academia.edu/anavi%C3%B1uela">ana viñuela</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy</p></div><div class="summary">The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The maps on the right-hand side in Fig. have the wrong titles. NUTS 2 regions should be Local Labour Markets. The correct Fig. is now given below:</div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511165/Correction_to_The_Determinants_of_Local_Employment_Growth_in_Spain"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080355/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511162/Correction_to_The_Determinants_of_Local_Employment_Growth_in_Spain">Correction to: The Determinants of Local Employment Growth in Spain</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://uniovi.academia.edu/anavi%C3%B1uela">ana viñuela</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy</p></div><div class="summary">The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The maps on the right-hand side in Fig. have the wrong titles. NUTS 2 regions should be Local Labour Markets. The correct Fig. is now given below:</div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511162/Correction_to_The_Determinants_of_Local_Employment_Growth_in_Spain"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080352/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511156/An_Analytical_Regions_Proposal_for_the_Study_of_Labour_Markets_An_Evaluation_for_the_Spanish_Territory">An Analytical Regions Proposal for the Study of Labour Markets: An Evaluation for the Spanish Territory</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://uniovi.academia.edu/anavi%C3%B1uela">ana viñuela</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, dialnet.unirioja.es</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Internal homogeneity and also heterogeneity between the regions are both desirable properties for a better understanding of the local labor markets and for increasing the efficiency of any industrial policy applied at local level.... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Internal homogeneity and also heterogeneity between the regions are both desirable properties for a better understanding of the local labor markets and for increasing the efficiency of any industrial policy applied at local level. However, studies of the labor markets that include a spatial dimension are commonly limited to administrative rather than appropriately-defined functional regions. Using micro data from the latest Census available, the Spanish territory can be divided into functional regions that emphasize the importance of location and agglomeration economies (size). The objective of this paper is to prove that, when studying labor economic issues, such classification based on economic criteria results on more convenient regions than the administrative ones commonly used (NUTS regions). Based on this simple idea, the results from this study suggest that, subject to the availability of data, this alternative spatial division should be considered when carrying out labor economics studies at a sub-national level.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511156/An_Analytical_Regions_Proposal_for_the_Study_of_Labour_Markets_An_Evaluation_for_the_Spanish_Territory"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080364/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511134/What_Broker_Charges_Reveal_about_Mortgage_Credit_Risk">What Broker Charges Reveal about Mortgage Credit Risk</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatrikSandas">Patrik Sandas</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Prior to the subprime crisis, mortgage brokers originated about 65% of all subprime mortgages. Yet little is known about their behavior during the runup to the crisis. Using data from New Century Financial Corporation, we find that... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Prior to the subprime crisis, mortgage brokers originated about 65% of all subprime mortgages. Yet little is known about their behavior during the runup to the crisis. Using data from New Century Financial Corporation, we find that brokers earned an average revenue of $5,300 per funded loan. We decompose the broker revenues into a cost and a profit component and find evidence consistent with brokers having market power. The profits earned are different for different types of loans and vary with borrower, broker, regulation and neighborhood characteristics. We relate the broker profits to the subsequent performance of the loans and show that brokers earned high profits on loans that turned out to be riskier ex post.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511134/What_Broker_Charges_Reveal_about_Mortgage_Credit_Risk"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080345/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511133/Empirical_Analysis_of_Limit_Order_Markets">Empirical Analysis of Limit Order Markets</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatrikSandas">Patrik Sandas</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper analyzes order placement strategies in a limit order market. Traders submitting market or limit orders to the limit order book trade off the order price, the execution probability, and the winner's curse risk associated with... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper analyzes order placement strategies in a limit order market. Traders submitting market or limit orders to the limit order book trade off the order price, the execution probability, and the winner's curse risk associated with different feasible order choices. Their optimal order strategy is characterized by a monotone function which maps the liquidity demand of the investors into their subjective execution probabilities. We provide conditions for the existence of a Markov perfect equilibria to the model whose outcomes satisfy a mixing condition. The primitives of this model are the time varying shock that is common to all valuations, as well as the probability distribution of private valuations, assumed to be a time invariant, independently and identically distributed random variable. Using data from the Stockholm Stock Exchange, we compute a semiparametric estimator of the primitives underlying the model, adapting previous work on linear index models to time dependent data. The estimated order strategies are consistent with the theoretical trade-offs. Specification tests based on the monotonicity of the optimal order strategy finds little evidence against the monotonicity restrictions. Overidentifying restrictions between equations are not rejected, and the coefficients on the linear factor structure are significant with the predicted signs. However exclusion tests find that other variables related to the limit order book and market conditions predict order choices after accounting for the trade-off between price, execution probability and winner's curse. The observed order choices are combined with estimates of the primitives to bound the potential and realized gains from trade in the market. The current trading system leads traders to sometimes take the opposite side of the market to what the social surplus maximizing outcome requires in order to capitalize on recent movements in the common shock, and traders also willingly risk failure to execute trades by submitting limit orders too far from the bid ask spread. About two thirds of these social losses, or transaction costs, are attributable to traders executing on the wrong side of the market. We estimate that the current trading mechanism achieves at least 57 percent of the potential gains from trade.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128511133/Empirical_Analysis_of_Limit_Order_Markets"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080346/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510979/New_Paradigms_in_Monetary_Theory_and_Policy">New Paradigms in Monetary Theory and Policy?</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DramaneCoulibaly57">Dramane Coulibaly</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">On 11-12 May 2011, SUERF and the Belgian Financial Forum, in association with the Brussels Finance Institute and the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) organized the 29th SUERF Colloquium “New Paradigms in Money and Finance?” All... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">On 11-12 May 2011, SUERF and the Belgian Financial Forum, in association with the Brussels Finance Institute and the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) organized the 29th SUERF Colloquium “New Paradigms in Money and Finance?” All the papers in the present SUERF Study are based on contributions to the Brussels Colloquium.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510979/New_Paradigms_in_Monetary_Theory_and_Policy"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080237/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510811/The_challenge_to_UK_energy_policy_An_ageing_population_perspective_on_energy_saving_measures_and_consumption">The challenge to UK energy policy: An ageing population perspective on energy saving measures and consumption</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://newcastle.academia.edu/RGilroy">R. Gilroy</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Energy Policy</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">With a focus on the residential sector, this paper explores the likelihood of the UK government meeting its energy targets. The paper contends that energy policy needs to take into account the interplay of four major factors: an ageing... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With a focus on the residential sector, this paper explores the likelihood of the UK government meeting its energy targets. The paper contends that energy policy needs to take into account the interplay of four major factors: an ageing population of increasing diversity; a cultural inclination for older housing much of which is thermally inefficient; levels of fuel poverty; and the inexorable rise of consumer spending on leisure related services and goods. Decisions made by older households (both the poorer and the better off) may be critical to the success of energy policy. Among the better off the changing expectations of the baby boomers, with their predilection for consumption and travel, may have particular impact. The paper concludes that much of the reduction in carbon footprint made by older people's choices in heating and insulation may be offset, not only by increasing domestic thermal comfort, but also potentially by increasing consumables in the home and other consumer lifestyle choices. What could be achieved at best, may be a shift in energy mix.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510811/The_challenge_to_UK_energy_policy_An_ageing_population_perspective_on_energy_saving_measures_and_consumption"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080096/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510804/Will_Women_Save_the_World_The_Ecological_Civic_Activity_of_Girls_and_Women_from_Generation_Z_Representing_ICT_and_STEM">Will Women Save the World? The Ecological Civic Activity of Girls and Women from Generation Z Representing ICT and STEM</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/IwonaChmuraRutkowska">Iwona Chmura-Rutkowska</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The subject of the study is the gender gap in the environmental activism of young people from generation Z, related to the ICT and STEM sector, which plays a key role in the ecological transformation . Women are, according to world... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The subject of the study is the gender gap in the environmental activism of young people from generation Z, related to the ICT and STEM sector, which plays a key role in the ecological transformation . Women are, according to world literature, more ecological than men in thinking, motivation and actions . The aim of the study was to check whether and to what extent this regularity applies to Poland and the masculinized ICT sector, where women constitute only about 20% of employees, and also what is the relationship between the level of environmental activism, environmental awareness and environmental behavior in the private sphere . The research sample consisted of 637 people born between 1995 and 2010 (Generation Z): 381 women (59 .8%), 247 men (38 .8%) and 9 non-binary people (1 .4%) . The data was taken from an extensive study carried out for the report on the values of ICT and STEM sector related young people from the generation Z . From the raw database, questions were extracted as indicators of awareness (15 questions on</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510804/Will_Women_Save_the_World_The_Ecological_Civic_Activity_of_Girls_and_Women_from_Generation_Z_Representing_ICT_and_STEM"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122080073/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510480/Effectiveness_Of_Pesticide_Labels_As_A_Communication_Tool_For_Smallholder_Farmers_On_Pesticides_Handling">Effectiveness Of Pesticide Labels As A Communication Tool For Smallholder Farmers On Pesticides Handling</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://suanet.academia.edu/JonesKapeleka">Jones Kapeleka</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This study was conducted in northern Tanzania to assess the effectiveness of pesticide labels in communicating useful information to horticultural farmers. A total of 200 respondents were obtained through simple random selection. Data... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study was conducted in northern Tanzania to assess the effectiveness of pesticide labels in communicating useful information to horticultural farmers. A total of 200 respondents were obtained through simple random selection. Data were collected through personal and face-to-face interview using structured interview schedule, observation and focus group discussion. Simple descriptive statistics and cross tabulation were used in the analysis. The study revealed that 79.6% of farmers interviewed had not learned anything from the labels. With regard to the main source of information on pesticides use, 66.7% of the farmers get information from pesticides retailers. Misinterpretation of symbols and pictograms was realized among the farmers. It was revealed that 60% of the farmers cannot interpret correctly the warning symbols and pictograms. The study also revealed that 76.3% of the farmers are aware that pesticide labels contain useful information on safe use of pesticides, and 76.1%...</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510480/Effectiveness_Of_Pesticide_Labels_As_A_Communication_Tool_For_Smallholder_Farmers_On_Pesticides_Handling"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079777/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510471/Rozw%C3%B3j_i_perspektywy_energii_solarnej_w_Polsce_i_Wojew%C3%B3dztwie_%C5%9Al%C4%85skim">Rozwój i perspektywy energii solarnej w Polsce i Województwie Śląskim</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaMularczyk2">Anna Mularczyk</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Promowanie wykorzystania Odnawialnych Źródeł Energii (OZE) pozwala na zwiększenie stopnia dywersyfikacji źródeł dostaw oraz stworzenie warunków do rozwoju energetyki rozproszonej, opartej na lokalnie dostępnych surowcach. W ramach... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Promowanie wykorzystania Odnawialnych Źródeł Energii (OZE) pozwala na zwiększenie stopnia dywersyfikacji źródeł dostaw oraz stworzenie warunków do rozwoju energetyki rozproszonej, opartej na lokalnie dostępnych surowcach. W ramach Regionalnej Strategii Innowacji Województwa Śląskiego w regionie śląskim, jako wiodące specjalizacje wybrano m.in. energetykę. W artykule podjęto próbę scharakteryzowania polskiego rynku OZE, skupiając się na energii solarnej. Dokonano analizy rozwoju tych źródeł energii, z uwzględnieniem województwa śląskiego, jako regionu testowania i wdrażania rozwiązań innowacyjnych. Słowa kluczowe: kolektory, fotowoltaika, odnawialne źródła energii, energetyka odnawialna. Summary. Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources allows to increase the degree of diversification of supply sources. It leads to the development of energy based on locally available raw materials, too. As part of the Regional Innovation Strategy for Silesia in the Silesian region, as the leading specializations, among others, the energy was chosen. This article attempts to characterize the Polish RES market, focusing on solar energy. An analysis of the development of these energy sources, taking into account the Silesian province as a region for testing and implementation of innovative solutions has been presented.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510471/Rozw%C3%B3j_i_perspektywy_energii_solarnej_w_Polsce_i_Wojew%C3%B3dztwie_%C5%9Al%C4%85skim"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079775/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510423/Urban_upgrading_in_Rio_de_Janeiro_Evidence_from_the_Favela_Bairro_programme">Urban upgrading in Rio de Janeiro: Evidence from the Favela-Bairro programme</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YuriSoares61">Yuri Soares</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Urban Studies</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper estimates average treatment effects and distributional and locational effects of the Favela-Bairro programme at the household level on direct outputs and on property values. Not surprisingly, households in treated... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper estimates average treatment effects and distributional and locational effects of the Favela-Bairro programme at the household level on direct outputs and on property values. Not surprisingly, households in treated neighbourhoods are better off in terms of the direct outputs delivered by the programme. However, in terms of property values, at the average level, the intervention was not translated on appreciation of housing values, suggesting that, without a land titling component, slum upgrading programmes do not have an effect on the value of dwellings. On the contrary, when estimating heterogeneous effects of the programme within treated neighbourhoods, the results suggest that appreciation of housing values is observed in properties with poor accessibility and low-value dwellings. These distributional and locational effects suggest that, although the average treatment effects on housing values are not significant, the programme was successful in decreasing inequality am...</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510423/Urban_upgrading_in_Rio_de_Janeiro_Evidence_from_the_Favela_Bairro_programme"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079738/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510416/Vies_de_genero_no_consumo_na_poupanca_e_na_oferta_de_mao_de_obra_no_Brasil">Vies de genero no consumo, na poupanca e na oferta de mao-de-obra no Brasil</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YuriSoares61">Yuri Soares</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Pesquisa E Planejamento Economico</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Este trabalho examina a presença de viés de gênero no consumo domiciliar, na poupança e na oferta de mão-de-obra no Brasil. Apesar de encontrarmos algumas diferenças no consumo domiciliar de produtos para adultos, possivelmente... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Este trabalho examina a presença de viés de gênero no consumo domiciliar, na poupança e na oferta de mão-de-obra no Brasil. Apesar de encontrarmos algumas diferenças no consumo domiciliar de produtos para adultos, possivelmente resultantes de preferências assimétricas por gênero, os resultados mais expressivos são os grandes efeitos do viés na a oferta de mão-de-obra das mães, verificados nas diferentes especificações dos modelos. Esses efeitos são plenamente coerentes com a substituição das mães pelas meninas na função de produção domiciliar. A questão da alocação dos recursos intradomiciliares e o conseqüente papel do gênero têm sido assunto de crescente interesse no Brasil. Tanto do ponto de vista acadêmico como das políticas públicas, os diversos papéis de homens e mulheres no domicílio têm sido cada vez mais objeto de pesquisa. Exemplos disso nas políticas públicas podem ser encontrados nos diferentes programas de renda mínima (do tipo Bolsa-Escola), que quase sempre repassam os recursos para a mãe, quando ela está no domicílio. Do ponto de vista acadêmico, esse interesse vem gerando trabalhos teóricos e empíricos sobre o papel que o gênero tem na alocação dos recursos no domicílio, assim como sobre a dinâmica das crianças nos domicílios. A maior disponibilidade de dados de alta qualidade -geralmente na forma de pesquisas domiciliares sobre consumo, renda e poupança, e oferta de mão-de-obra -tem facilitado os trabalhos nos dois temas. Além disso, inovações teóricas permitem uma análise mais rigorosa desses dados mediante a elaboração de diferentes modelos de comportamento familiar. Apesar da proliferação dos trabalhos sobre o gênero e o papel das crianças, menos atenção tem sido dada à função do sexo da criança na alocação domiciliar. Evidências das diferenças de gênero estão presentes em numerosos aspectos da microeconomia: na discriminação no mercado de trabalho, nas diferenças das oportunidades educacionais, assim como no papel desempenhado por homens e mulheres nos domicílios. No entanto, meninos e meninas recebem os mesmos recursos nos domicílios? Os meninos são substitutos ou complementos na produção domiciliar e na participação no mercado de trabalho dos pais? E as meninas? 1. Quanto à revisão das evidências de nutrição, saúde e antropometria, ver Drèze e Sen (1989) e Harris (1990). 2. Browning e Subramaniam tentam diferenciar entre três motivos para as diferenças no consumo e na poupança. O primeiro é que as famílias indianas rurais preferem meninos a meninas, o segundo é que há retornos líquidos maiores associados a um menino e o terceiro é que há despesas maiores com o casamento associadas ao fato de se ter uma menina. Eles demonstram que, se as famílias têm preferências pelos meninos, o consumo de produtos para adultos deve cair após o nascimento de um menino, uma vez que as famílias os substituem por produtos que o menino irá consumir. O consumo total também deve aumentar. Devido ao fato de o consumo de produtos somente para adultos aumentar com o nascimento de um menino, os autores concluem que a evidência das vilas do Icrisat é consistente com o motivo das despesas com o casamento e com o motivo dos retornos líquidos maiores. Se os meninos representam um bem produtivo maior, as famílias têm uma renda maior permanente após o nascimento de um menino e, assim, se espera um aumento no consumo de todos os produtos, incluindo os produtos para adultos. Mas isso também é verdadeiro se as meninas representam despesas maiores do que os meninos. Então, se nascer um menino, as famílias terão uma renda permanente maior porque não terão de pagar um dote no futuro. Viés de gênero no consumo, na poupança e na oferta de mão-de-obra no Brasil No entanto, Deaton não encontrou nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os oers para meninos e meninas. 3 Ensaios sobre viés de gênero na oferta de mão-de-obra são escassos. Lundberg e Rose (2002) encontram-se entre os poucos que investigaram o efeito do gênero da criança na oferta de mão-de-obra domiciliar. Utilizando dados dos Estados Unidos, eles observaram que o pai trabalhava significativamente mais em resposta ao número de meninos na família do que em resposta ao número de meninas e concluíram que esse efeito é coerente com as diferenças nas preferências. No entanto, Lundberg e Rose não consideram o papel dos irmãos e das irmãs na função de produção domiciliar como uma possível fonte de viés de gênero na oferta de trabalho dos pais. Quer dizer, meninos e meninas podem substituir os pais na função de produção doméstica de forma assimétrica. Com exceção de Lundberg e Rose, os estudos citados usam um modelo unitário de comportamento doméstico, embora seja, sem dúvida, possível desenvolver essas questões em modelos mais flexíveis -e há vantagens distintas em fazê-lo. Também utilizamos, implicitamente, um modelo unitário, devido, principalmente, à simplicidade de interpretação. 4 Ao longo do texto comentaremos a respeito da significância da nossa escolha de modelo sobre os resultados obtidos. O restante do trabalho é organizado da seguinte forma. A Seção 2 descreve os dados. A Seção 3 explica o modelo empírico. A Seção 4 apresenta os resultados. Por último, a Seção 5 conclui o trabalho.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510416/Vies_de_genero_no_consumo_na_poupanca_e_na_oferta_de_mao_de_obra_no_Brasil"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079736/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510405/The_Impact_of_Modernization_of_Justice_on_Court_Efficiency_in_Costa_Rica">The Impact of Modernization of Justice on Court Efficiency in Costa Rica</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YuriSoares61">Yuri Soares</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, OVE Working Papers</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Over the last years, there has been growing awareness regarding the importance of transparent and effective courts to achieve economic development. However, many Latin American countries find that their judicial system have important... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the last years, there has been growing awareness regarding the importance of transparent and effective courts to achieve economic development. However, many Latin American countries find that their judicial system have important deficiencies in terms of access and efficiency. This paper studies the effect of court modernization on caseload clearance rates in Costa Rica. The analysis exploits the fact that the modernization occurred at different points in time. This observed variation in the allocation of the program across time and space provides a potential instrument to identify the causal effect of the modernization on courts efficiency. We find that the program is associated with an increase of 5 percent in clearance rates and with a reduction of 75 dollars per case disposed. The results are robust to alternative specifications.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510405/The_Impact_of_Modernization_of_Justice_on_Court_Efficiency_in_Costa_Rica"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079729/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510404/The_Impact_of_Improving_Access_to_Justice_on_Conflict_Resolution_Evidence_from_Peru">The Impact of Improving Access to Justice on Conflict Resolution: Evidence from Peru</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YuriSoares61">Yuri Soares</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary">are at Group for the Analysis of Development. The corresponding author is Maria Micaela Sviatschi. We would like to thank Martin Rossi, Nicolas Bottan, Gonzalo Vazquez and participants at seminars for valuable comments and suggestions.</div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510404/The_Impact_of_Improving_Access_to_Justice_on_Conflict_Resolution_Evidence_from_Peru"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079728/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510402/The_Labor_Market_Impacts_of_Youth_Training_in_the_Dominican_Republic">The Labor Market Impacts of Youth Training in the Dominican Republic</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YuriSoares61">Yuri Soares</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Journal of Labor Economics</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">We report the impacts of a job training program operated in the Dominican Republic. A random sample of applicants was selected to undergo training, and information was gathered 10-14 months after graduation. Unfortunately, people... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report the impacts of a job training program operated in the Dominican Republic. A random sample of applicants was selected to undergo training, and information was gathered 10-14 months after graduation. Unfortunately, people originally assigned to treatment who failed to show up were not included in the follow-up survey, potentially compromising the evaluation design. We present estimates of the program effect, including comparisons that ignore the potential nonrandomness of "no-show" behavior, and estimates that model selectivity parametrically. We find little indication of a positive effect on employment outcomes but some evidence of a modest effect on earnings, conditional on working.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510402/The_Labor_Market_Impacts_of_Youth_Training_in_the_Dominican_Republic"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079744/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510400/The_Welfare_Impacts_of_Local_Investment_Projects_Evidence_from_the_Guatemala_FIS">The Welfare Impacts of Local Investment Projects: Evidence from the Guatemala FIS</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YuriSoares61">Yuri Soares</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, OVE Working Papers</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper assesses the welfare impacts of local investments projects in rural areas of Guatemala. Using census track data from two rounds of the Guatemalan population census, as well as administrative data on investment projects, we are... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper assesses the welfare impacts of local investments projects in rural areas of Guatemala. Using census track data from two rounds of the Guatemalan population census, as well as administrative data on investment projects, we are able to estimate the impact of education, sanitation, productive, and total investment activities at the village level on measures of welfare. This is the first impact evaluation of social funds in Guatemala, and also the first paper that uses village level data, and both a multi-treatment effect approach and the generalized propensity score with continuous treatments to analyze this type of interventions. We find, as expected, that local investment in schools significantly boost enrollment, that investments in water and sewerage significantly improved measures of access to water. We also show that the amount of investment matters. We estimated dose-response functions based on the generalized propensity score and show that larger investments are associated with larger welfare improvements. Also, beyond the commonly used unsatisfied basic needs indicators we examined more meaningful welfare impacts in infant mortality and school progression. We found evidence of positive impacts of education on normal school progression, as measured by student overage. On the other hand, we found no impact of sanitation projects on measures of child mortality. In terms of productive projects, there was a significant and consistent impact on consumption. We did not find evidence to suggest complementarities of impacts: project impacts were in general independent of the presence of other types of projects.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510400/The_Welfare_Impacts_of_Local_Investment_Projects_Evidence_from_the_Guatemala_FIS"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079730/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510372/Can_Arts_Based_Interventions_Enhance_Labor_Market_Outcomes_Among_Youth">Can Arts-Based Interventions Enhance Labor Market Outcomes Among Youth?</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YuriSoares61">Yuri Soares</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, SSRN Electronic Journal</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper provides fi ndings of a small-scale, innovative labor training program that uses expressive arts and theatre as a pedagogical tool. The corresponding life skills training component is combined with a technical component... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper provides fi ndings of a small-scale, innovative labor training program that uses expressive arts and theatre as a pedagogical tool. The corresponding life skills training component is combined with a technical component teaching vocational skills. To our knowledge, this is the fi rst paper to rigorously evaluate the eff ectiveness of a training program constructed around expressive arts. Using a randomized assignment of favela youth into program and control groups, we look at the short-run treatment eff ects on a comprehensive set of outcomes including employment and earnings as well as measures of personality traits and risk behavior. We fi nd positive short-run employment and earnings impacts fi ve months after the program fi nalized; no impacts are found for shorter periods. These short-run impacts are economically very large, compared to those typically found in the literature: a 33.3 per cent increase in the probability of being employed, and a 23.6 per cent increase in earnings. We fi nd no evidence of signifi cant program impacts on other outcomes, including personalityrelated traits, providing evidence that these traits may not be malleable for young adults in the short-run. We argue that the estimated labor market impacts are due to a combination of both skills formation and signaling of higher quality workers to employers.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510372/Can_Arts_Based_Interventions_Enhance_Labor_Market_Outcomes_Among_Youth"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079710/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510265/Torture_survivors_experiences_of_receiving_surgical_treatment_indicating_re_traumatization">Torture survivors’ experiences of receiving surgical treatment indicating re- traumatization</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnaCarlaSchippert">Ana Carla Schippert</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, PLOS ONE</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Due to the invasive nature of surgical procedures and the involvement of medical personnel, torture survivors may experience re-traumatization during surgical treatment. This study aimed to explore torture survivors' experiences of... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Due to the invasive nature of surgical procedures and the involvement of medical personnel, torture survivors may experience re-traumatization during surgical treatment. This study aimed to explore torture survivors' experiences of re-traumatization during surgical treatment as well as the process by which trauma-related emotions and responses are evoked during surgical treatment for torture survivors. Eight men, aged 45 to 72, from four different countries, who have lived in Norway for 6-40 years, were recruited. We assessed torture and surgical care experiences through in-depth interviews, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis, resulting in five themes: (1) Interactions with healthcare providers, (2) Reactions during treatment, (3) Triggers causing re-experiences, (4) Avoidance, and (5) Suggestions to healthcare providers. In this study, survivors reported challenges receiving surgical treatment, indicating re-traumatization and difficulty returning to daily life following treatment. Participants reported little collaboration in care-related decision-making processes, lack of recognition of torture by healthcare providers involved in surgical care and experiencing healthcare professionals' attitudes as a source of perplexity, frustration, and despair. Exacerbation of torture memories throughout treatment and re-experiencing of trauma symptoms aggravated these difficulties. Our findings suggest that surgical treatment can remind torture survivors of the traumatic aspects of torture, eliciting strong reactions and feelings like those experienced during torture.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510265/Torture_survivors_experiences_of_receiving_surgical_treatment_indicating_re_traumatization"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079627/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510159/Avalia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Gest%C3%A3o_de_Energia_na_Ind%C3%BAstria_Ferpinta">Avaliação de Gestão de Energia na Indústria Ferpinta</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/VanessaAlvesRegis">Vanessa Alves Regis</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">A realização desse projeto é o encerramento de uma etapa importante na minha formação académica e pessoal e tempo de agradecer às pessoas que me ajudaram a concluílo. Agradeço à Professora Doutora Maria Isabel Rebelo Teixeira Soares pela... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A realização desse projeto é o encerramento de uma etapa importante na minha formação académica e pessoal e tempo de agradecer às pessoas que me ajudaram a concluílo. Agradeço à Professora Doutora Maria Isabel Rebelo Teixeira Soares pela disponibilidade e motivação. Muito obrigada pela orientação e pelo conhecimento transmitido. Ao Engenheiro Vítor Fonseca pela oportunidade, por confiar no meu trabalho e por me apoiar em todos os momentos. É uma enorme satisfação fazer parte da sua equipe. À Ferpinta pela oportunidade de realizar este trabalho, e de todo o apoio dos seus colaboradores, que me acolheram de forma tão amistosa. Um agradecimento especial à minha família, sobretudo ao meu marido Michael Marques por todo o amor, apoio, paciência e motivação. Obrigada por ter abraçado esse sonho junto comigo e me fazer feliz todos os dias. E ao meu filho Lucas que deu um novo colorido à minha vida e é o meu grande estímulo nesta caminhada. Obrigada por me ensinar a ser uma pessoa melhor. Este trabalho não ficaria completo sem agradecer a todos os que me ajudaram a concretizá-lo. II RESUMO A Ferpinta, empresa do setor metalomecânico e maior produtor ibérico na fabricação de aços soldados, busca melhorar sua eficiência energética e otimizar o seu sistema de gestão continuamente. Com o objetivo de realizar um diagnóstico de gestão de energia e propor medidas para melhorar o desempenho energético da empresa, foi realizado estágio curricular no âmbito do departamento de energia. O acúmulo de emissão de gases de efeito estufa e alterações climáticas devido ao consumo de combustíveis fósseis tem aumentando a preocupação com a eficiência energética. Mudanças têm sido observadas no setor industrial, responsável por uma parcela relevante de consumo e melhorias significativas têm sido registradas. Sobretudo na indústria, há ainda a questão da exposição à volatilidade dos preços de energia e a competitividade para que medidas de eficiência energética sejam adotadas. Relativamente às atividades desenvolvidas na Ferpinta foram avaliados dados históricos, resultados de auditorias, contratos de energia e demais informações relativas ao consumo de energia. Ao longo do estágio foi desenvolvida ferramenta para facilitar a introdução de dados e cálculo dos indicadores e uma metodologia para cálculo do consumo específico para os dois principais grupos de produtos da empresa: tubo e tubo galvanizado. Foram ainda investigados dados históricos de energia e análise dos resultados obtidos, com proposta de novos indicadores e outras recomendações para melhorar a gestão de energia na empresa. À vista disso, neste trabalho são apresentados alguns conceitos sobre eficiência energética, dados do setor industrial e metalomecânico no que se refere à energia, descrição das atividades realizadas ao longo do estágio curricular, avaliação e discussão dos resultados de indicadores e outros dados e sugestões para melhorar a eficiência energética da Ferpinta. Buscou-se, portanto, durante o estágio curricular realizado, avaliar a gestão de energia na Ferpinta a partir da análise dos dados disponíveis sobre todas as fontes de energia consumidas, a fim de identificar oportunidades para melhorar a performance energética.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510159/Avalia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Gest%C3%A3o_de_Energia_na_Ind%C3%BAstria_Ferpinta"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079550/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510095/Mathematical_models_for_real_world_production_planning_problems_with_sequence_dependent_set_up_costs">Mathematical models for real-world production planning problems with sequence-dependent set-up costs</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FilippoFocacci">Filippo Focacci</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Production Planning(PP) aims at making production decisions optimizing the Manufactur-ing and Supply Chain performances.Given a limited amount of manufacturing resources, raw materials, and inventory space,PP minimizes the overall... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Production Planning(PP) aims at making production decisions optimizing the Manufactur-ing and Supply Chain performances.Given a limited amount of manufacturing resources, raw materials, and inventory space,PP minimizes the overall manufacturing and supply chain costs while meeting service levelrequirements and obeying operational constraints. In this research we focus on the sequence-dependent set-up costs which occur when we change a product production during manufac-turing. In real-world manufacturing, this cost typically depends on both the predecessor andcurrent production. The set-up costs are also called clean-up costs, changeover costs or start-upcosts (in the literature). These costs are one important part of the production costs for manyreal-world production systems. The set-up costs optimization may dramatically affect the qual-ity of the production plans in terms of machine operational efficiency, cycle time, service leveland inventory turns. Finally, different levels of ...</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510095/Mathematical_models_for_real_world_production_planning_problems_with_sequence_dependent_set_up_costs"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079516/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510052/Forex_In_The_Eyes_Of_Shariah_A_Qualitative_Analysis_In_The_Malaysian_Context">Forex In The Eyes Of Shariah: A Qualitative Analysis In The Malaysian Context</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliahRaof">Aliah Raof</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Jurnal pengurusan dan penyelidikan fatwa =</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this study is to expound the fundamentals leading to a verdict on the permissibility of foreign exchange trading, commonly known as forex. This study will encompass Quranic verses, Hadith, Islamic legal maxims (qawaid... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this study is to expound the fundamentals leading to a verdict on the permissibility of foreign exchange trading, commonly known as forex. This study will encompass Quranic verses, Hadith, Islamic legal maxims (qawaid fiqhiyyah), and contemporary views of the ulema (Islamic scholars). The scope of this research will be focused on a Malaysian context. Primary data gathered from a questionnaire administered to 100 Malaysian respondents will be presented. The findings indicate that most Malaysian respondents are aware of Forex trading but have never attempted it. This is primarily due to a lack of well-informed knowledge about Forex, scepticism, and extreme doubt. They feel more secure not being involved in this trading, which is strongly related to their prejudices. Therefore, the implications of Forex trading will be examined in three spheres of influence: economic, social, and national perspectives. Finally, recommendations for respective parties, such as governments, regulatory bodies, and the public, will be mentioned to address the public's lack of awareness about Forex from a shariah perspective. The research concludes that riba (usury) is unacceptable in any circumstance, and if Forex incorporates this forbidden element, this financial transaction may remain haram (forbidden) indefinitely unless it adheres to Islamic principles and guidelines.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128510052/Forex_In_The_Eyes_Of_Shariah_A_Qualitative_Analysis_In_The_Malaysian_Context"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079500/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509733/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B0%D9%87%D9%86%DB%8C_SWB_">ارزشگذاری بوستان ولیعصر شیراز با استفاده از روش ارزشگذاری رفاه ذهنی (SWB)</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA">نیکتا لطافت</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, مطالعات علوم محیط زیست</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this study was to estimate the recreational value of Valiasr Gardens in the district of Shiraz using the Subject well-being (SWB) or life satisfaction (LSA) method. Required information, including socioeconomic... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this study was to estimate the recreational value of Valiasr Gardens in the district of Shiraz using the Subject well-being (SWB) or life satisfaction (LSA) method. Required information, including socioeconomic characteristics of the household, was obtained through interviewing garden visitors and completing 180 questionnaires in 1396. The results show that individuals' mental wellbeing improves with increasing income, education, and occupation, and under constant conditions, one percent increase in income, education, and occupation improves Subject well-being by 1%, 0.23, and 0.06 respectively. Park space satisfaction is directly related to subjective well-being, with 38% of visitors being satisfied with the park and practically not satisfied with the status of the park. This can indicate a lack of satisfactory space in the park. Also, the average willingness to pay users to maintain the park was estimated at 35,000 tomans, which is roughly equivalent to the willingness to receive them if such a place was not available, indicating that the amusement value of the park was very low for everyone, in other words. Gardens do not have a tangible difference for the welfare of local people.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509733/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B0%D9%87%D9%86%DB%8C_SWB_"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079222/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509650/Sosialisasi_dan_Pelatihan_Pembuatan_Kue_Putu_Ayu_dalam_Upaya_Meningkatkan_Ekonomi_Masyarakat_Desa">Sosialisasi dan Pelatihan Pembuatan Kue Putu Ayu dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/Lastyana">Wiwin Lastyana</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Gemel Village is one of the areas in Central Lombok. Most of the women in Gemel Village are housewives. There is no extra income for them. So the team of Bumigora university lecturers wanted to help improve the economy in Gemel village.... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gemel Village is one of the areas in Central Lombok. Most of the women in Gemel Village are housewives. There is no extra income for them. So the team of Bumigora university lecturers wanted to help improve the economy in Gemel village. The training and assistance in making Putu Ayu Cake was carried out for the underprivileged community in Bunprie, Gemel Village. The Cake Making Training was held on June 19, 2021. The participants who took part in the training were 30 people from underprivileged women in Bunprie. The training took place at the house of the Head of Bunprie. community service activities for lecturers and students at Bumigora University went well and received good appreciation and attention from the target community. Then it is hoped that the socialization and training can lead to changes in behavior so that the resulting product can help the economy of the target community.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509650/Sosialisasi_dan_Pelatihan_Pembuatan_Kue_Putu_Ayu_dalam_Upaya_Meningkatkan_Ekonomi_Masyarakat_Desa"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122079150/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjgzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509467/Application_of_ARIMA_Autoregressive_Integrated_Moving_Average_model_to_predict_Rupiah_selling_exchange_rate_against_US_Dollar">Application of ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model to predict Rupiah selling exchange rate against US Dollar</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/Taganap">Eduard Taganap</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for National Defense</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Currency is a tool in the form of money that is accepted and valid and legal as a payment and economic transactions in a country. US dollar is benchmark for world currencies, so predicting rupiah against US dollar is important. The... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Currency is a tool in the form of money that is accepted and valid and legal as a payment and economic transactions in a country. US dollar is benchmark for world currencies, so predicting rupiah against US dollar is important. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of daily selling rate Rupiah against US Dollar, determine best model, and make predictions selling rate of Rupiah against US Dollar. Data used is daily data on selling rate of Rupiah against</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509467/Application_of_ARIMA_Autoregressive_Integrated_Moving_Average_model_to_predict_Rupiah_selling_exchange_rate_against_US_Dollar"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122078997/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509459/Opportunities_challenges_and_the_way_forward_for_biomass_briquettes_in_Tanzania">Opportunities, challenges and the way forward for biomass briquettes in Tanzania</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeromeKimaro">Jerome Kimaro</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Research Square (Research Square)</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The reported study highlights the potential for biomass briquettes as a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to traditional fuels like rewood and charcoal in Tanzania. Focus group discussions and key informant meetings were conducted,... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The reported study highlights the potential for biomass briquettes as a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to traditional fuels like rewood and charcoal in Tanzania. Focus group discussions and key informant meetings were conducted, involving stakeholders from 16 regions of Tanzania's mainland. Rating scales and SWOT analysis were used to analyze the collected information. Our analysis showed that briquette technology can contribute to reducing deforestation, climate change mitigation, and employment generation. However, it also identi ed various challenges like market incompetency, limited access to technology, community misconceptions about briquettes, and a lack of political support. To mitigate these challenges and promote the briquette sector in Tanzania, the study suggests various interventions, particularly providing technical training and resources to accelerate production and quality assurance and engaging with policymakers to advocate for supportive policies and incentives. Additionally, developing effective marketing and distribution strategies. In conclusion, the study indicates that Tanzania has the potential to advance the biomass briquette sector, which has positive social, ecological and economic impacts. However, addressing these challenges and realizing their potential bene ts will require a collaborative and multifaceted approach involving various stakeholders, like government agencies, researchers, development partners, NGOs, and local communities.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509459/Opportunities_challenges_and_the_way_forward_for_biomass_briquettes_in_Tanzania"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122078989/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509330/Impact_of_Improving_Community_Based_Access_to_Malaria_Diagnosis_and_Treatment_on_Household_Costs">Impact of Improving Community-Based Access to Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment on Household Costs</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChinenyeAfonne">Chinenye Afonne</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Clinical Infectious Diseases</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Background. Community health workers (CHWs) were trained in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda to diagnose febrile children using malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and treat positive malaria cases with artemisinin-based combination therapy... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background. Community health workers (CHWs) were trained in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda to diagnose febrile children using malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and treat positive malaria cases with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and those who could not take oral medicines with rectal artesunate. We quantified the impact of this intervention on private household costs for childhood febrile illness. Methods. Households with recent febrile illness in a young child in previous 2 weeks were selected randomly before and during the intervention and data obtained on household costs for the illness episode. Household costs included consultation fees, registration costs, user fees, diagnosis, bed, drugs, food, and transport costs. Private household costs per episode before and during the intervention were compared. The intervention's impact on household costs per episode was calculated and projected to districtwide impacts on household costs. Results. Use of CHWs increased from 35% of illness episodes before the intervention to 50% during the intervention (P < .0001), and total household costs per episode decreased significantly in each country: from US Dollars</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509330/Impact_of_Improving_Community_Based_Access_to_Malaria_Diagnosis_and_Treatment_on_Household_Costs"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122078916/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509314/Impact_of_Improving_Community_Based_Access_to_Malaria_Diagnosis_and_Treatment_on_Household_Costs">Impact of Improving Community-Based Access to Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment on Household Costs</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChinenyeAfonne">Chinenye Afonne</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized"> Community health workers (CHWs) were trained in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda to diagnose febrile children using malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and treat positive malaria cases with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden"> Community health workers (CHWs) were trained in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda to diagnose febrile children using malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and treat positive malaria cases with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and those who could not take oral medicines with rectal artesunate. We quantified the impact of this intervention on private household costs for childhood febrile illness. Households with recent febrile illness in a young child in previous 2 weeks were selected randomly before and during the intervention and data obtained on household costs for the illness episode. Household costs included consultation fees, registration costs, user fees, diagnosis, bed, drugs, food, and transport costs. Private household costs per episode before and during the intervention were compared. The intervention&#39;s impact on household costs per episode was calculated and projected to districtwide impacts on household costs. Use of CHWs increased from 35% of illness episodes...</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509314/Impact_of_Improving_Community_Based_Access_to_Malaria_Diagnosis_and_Treatment_on_Household_Costs"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122078914/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509097/Association_Rule_Mining_for_the_Identification_of_Activators_from_Gene_Regulatory_Network">Association Rule Mining for the Identification of Activators from Gene Regulatory Network</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/NengahSujana8">Nengah Sujana</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Advances in Computing and Communications</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Port State Control (PSC) inspection data is used for determining the inspection pattern of PSC in Malaysia and identifying the relationship between the inspection place, flag state, number of deficiency, detention result, and ship risk... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Port State Control (PSC) inspection data is used for determining the inspection pattern of PSC in Malaysia and identifying the relationship between the inspection place, flag state, number of deficiency, detention result, and ship risk profile. Based on 8,089 inspection reports from 2015 to 2019, the mining association rule is proposed as a learning approach due to its determination pattern in the information bank. The learning of association rules of PSC inspections is performed primarily on the Apriori Algorithm, in order to produce alluring rules. Inspection patterns of Malaysian ports revealed that flag state, ship risk profile, and inspection place generally lead to no detention result, as well as zero deficiency recorded on-board. The reported quantity of detention was significantly related to the high number of deficiencies raised for ships registered under blacklisted countries. Furthermore, the analysis of deficiency discovered the pattern of inspection at Malaysian ports is frequently related to zero and a low number of deficiencies raised by inspectors. Lastly, five major ports were selected for providing a useful rule to help PSC officers in organising an effective inspection plan. A similar approach can also be used for other ports beyond Malaysia for comparative analysis.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509097/Association_Rule_Mining_for_the_Identification_of_Activators_from_Gene_Regulatory_Network"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122078733/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128508866/Dispersion_indices_based_on_Kerridge_inaccuracy_and_Kullback_Leibler_divergence">Dispersion indices based on Kerridge inaccuracy and Kullback-Leibler divergence</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaLongobardi6">Maria Longobardi</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, arXiv (Cornell University)</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The concept of varentropy has been recently introduced as a dispersion index of the reliability of measure of information. In this paper, we introduce new measures of variability for two measures of uncertainty, the Kerridge inaccuracy... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The concept of varentropy has been recently introduced as a dispersion index of the reliability of measure of information. In this paper, we introduce new measures of variability for two measures of uncertainty, the Kerridge inaccuracy measure and the Kullback-Leibler divergence. These new definitions and related properties, bounds and examples are presented. Finally we show an application of Kullback-Leibler divergence and its dispersion index using the mean-variance rule.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128508866/Dispersion_indices_based_on_Kerridge_inaccuracy_and_Kullback_Leibler_divergence"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122078495/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128508547/Evidence_of_the_Impact_of_Imf_Fiscal_and_Monetary_Policies_on_the_Capacity_to_Address_Hiv_Aids_and_TB_Crises_in_Kenya">Evidence of the Impact of Imf Fiscal and Monetary Policies on the Capacity to Address Hiv/Aids and TB Crises in Kenya</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuliusKorir13">Julius Korir</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">E Ev vi id de en nc ce e o of f T Th he e I Im mp pa ac ct t o of f I IM MF F F Fi is sc ca al l a an nd d M Mo on ne et ta ar ry y P Po ol li ic ci ie es s o on n t th he e C Ca ap pa ac ci it ty y t to o A Ad dd dr re es ss s H HI IV V/... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">E Ev vi id de en nc ce e o of f T Th he e I Im mp pa ac ct t o of f I IM MF F F Fi is sc ca al l a an nd d M Mo on ne et ta ar ry y P Po ol li ic ci ie es s o on n t th he e C Ca ap pa ac ci it ty y t to o A Ad dd dr re es ss s H HI IV V/ /A AI ID DS S a an nd d T TB B C Cr ri is se es s i in n K Ke en ny ya a</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128508547/Evidence_of_the_Impact_of_Imf_Fiscal_and_Monetary_Policies_on_the_Capacity_to_Address_Hiv_Aids_and_TB_Crises_in_Kenya"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122078281/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128508546/Effects_of_Public_Debt_on_Interest_Rates_in_Selected_East_African_Community_Member_States">Effects of Public Debt on Interest Rates in Selected East African Community Member States</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuliusKorir13">Julius Korir</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, East African Journal of Business and Economics</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">East African Community member states have embarked on various strategies to reduce interest rates in the region to boost investment so as to accelerate economic growth. However, despite the many reforms, the interest rates are far higher... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">East African Community member states have embarked on various strategies to reduce interest rates in the region to boost investment so as to accelerate economic growth. However, despite the many reforms, the interest rates are far higher than in other countries in Africa, which are more developed. In an attempt to bolster investment, these states have increased public debt rapidly, exceeding the debt ratio of 50 per cent of Gross Domestic Product as provided in their treaty. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of public debt on interest rates in selected East African Community member states. The study was anchored on the loanable fund model and used a descriptive panel research design. The dataset was drawn from World Development Indicators and Penn World Tables for the period 1980 to 2020. The dataset was drawn from secondary sources: World Bank&#39;s World Development Indicators, Penn World Tables, Economic Surveys and Statistical s for the period 1980 to 2...</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128508546/Effects_of_Public_Debt_on_Interest_Rates_in_Selected_East_African_Community_Member_States"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122078280/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128508538/Effect_of_Exchange_Rate_Misalignment_on_Bilateral_Trade_Between_Kenya_and_European_Union_2000_2016">Effect of Exchange Rate Misalignment on Bilateral Trade Between Kenya and European Union: 2000-2016</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuliusKorir13">Julius Korir</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, European Scientific Journal, ESJ</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The exchange rate is an important variable in international trade because a country&#39;s competitiveness is determined by the expectations on how trade reacts to its movements. To orient the economy outwards, Kenya has pursued various... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The exchange rate is an important variable in international trade because a country&#39;s competitiveness is determined by the expectations on how trade reacts to its movements. To orient the economy outwards, Kenya has pursued various measures from the 1990s to the 2000s. Kenya also signed up for nonreciprocal trade with the European Union under the Cotonou agreement. Despite the export-oriented efforts, Kenya&#39;s trade has remained skewed towards imports and a widening trade deficit which seems to follow the weakening of the Kenya shilling. The main policy dilemma therefore, is how imports accelerated in an environment of unhindered European Union market access, hence the motivation of this study. The study adopted a dynamic modeling approach since previous and present values affect exchange rate and trade. The results show that the economic fundamentals drive the real exchange rate. In terms of misalignment, the exchange rate is overvalued to a maximum of 5.9 percent and underv...</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128508538/Effect_of_Exchange_Rate_Misalignment_on_Bilateral_Trade_Between_Kenya_and_European_Union_2000_2016"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122078276/download_file?st=MTc0MzMzMjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = 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