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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered"},"author":{"name":"Christopher McFadden","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/2ff174fd7fd3b4725a23fe8d5339342f"},"headline":"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists","datePublished":"2024-11-23T11:31:50+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-23T11:31:59+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered"},"wordCount":609,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg","caption":"Baby exoplanet IRAS 04125+2902 b."},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg","keywords":["Energy & Environment","Physics","Space"],"articleSection":["Space"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2024","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://interestingengineering.com/policies/editorial-policy","articleBody":"University of North Carolina researchers have recently discovered a baby exoplanet that could challenge our current understanding of how planets form in newly-minted solar systems. Designated IRAS 04125+2902 b, the new planet is a baby, being only around 3 million years old, which also makes it the youngest planet so far discovered using the dominant method of planet detection.While its discovery is exciting enough, what is more interesting is that it is not that much older than its parent star. The planet’s orbit is also misaligned from the protoplanetary disk, allowing researchers to see it clearly.The planet, a very young gas giant, is about 521 light-years away from Earth. Its strange orbit also enables researchers to get exciting information as it transits in front of its parent star with little to no obstructions to Earth-based instruments, like NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which made the discovery.IRAS 04125+2902 b is roughly the same age as its parent star, which is far too brief in cosmic terms under our current understanding of planet formation.Are we wrong about planet formation?IRAS 04125+2902 b has a radius roughly 10.7 times larger than that of Earth, making it comparable in size to Jupiter. However, it is significantly less dense, possessing only 30% of Jupiter’s mass. This difference in density suggests that the exoplanet is still in the process of formation and has not yet experienced the contraction and cooling phases that are typical of more mature gas giants. The exoplanet orbits its star, which has approximately 70% the mass of our Sun, at a close proximity, completing an orbit every 8.83 Earth days.According to a recent paper on the subject, the exoplanet’s swift orbit and relatively low density offer valuable insights into the processes that drive planetary formation in the tumultuous environments of young stellar systems. “To our knowledge, this makes IRAS 04125+2902 b the youngest transiting exoplanet discovered so far by a factor of about three,” the study authors reported.Prior to IRAS 04125+2902 b’s discovery, the youngest identified transiting exoplanets were between 10 and 40 million years old. This led scientists to question whether planets could form within the first few million years of a star’s life. This discovery now provides definitive evidence that planetary formation can occur much earlier than was previously thought. The host star of IRAS 04125+2902 b is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, which is formed from gas and dust left over from the star’s formation. A very interesting baby exoplanetTypically, these disks align with a planet’s orbital plane. However, in this case, the outer portion of the disk is tilted at an angle of 30 degrees. This misalignment allowed astronomers to observe the planet as it transited across the star, creating a silhouette against the stellar light.The origin of this misalignment is uncertain. Companion stars can often cause protoplanetary disks to tilt, but in this system, the companion appears to be aligned with the plane of the planet. Researchers note that such warped disks “offer rare windows into the dynamics of planet formation that are otherwise concealed by dense gas and dust.” This unique configuration presents a valuable opportunity to study the forces at play in young planetary systems.The discovery of IRAS 04125+2902 b offers a rare glimpse into the early stages of gas giant formation. At 521 light-years away, this young exoplanet’s atmosphere and its misaligned protoplanetary disk challenge existing models. Observations, especially with JWST, could revolutionize our understanding of planetary evolution and the processes shaping young systems.The study is available in the journal Nature."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered","url":"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered","name":"Youngest planet ever discovered challenges planet formation timelines","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg","datePublished":"2024-11-23T11:31:50+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-23T11:31:59+00:00","description":"A newly discovered baby exoplanet called IRAS 04125+2902 b is 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16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-flex-col t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="article-heading t-w-full md:t-w-[53.75%]"><ul class="article-badges t-flex-wrap md:t-gap-[8px] t-gap-[8px] t-flex"><li class="t-flex"><a class="t-flex" href="/space"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 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viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way" title="Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China's precision therapy to extend EV cell life">Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China's precision therapy to extend EV cell life</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way" title="Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China's precision therapy to extend EV cell life"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator" title="Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research">Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator" title="Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo" title="Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo">Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo" title="Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/coal-mine-sites-into-solar-battery-hubs" title="US Appalachia transforms 17 coal mine sites into solar, battery hubs for 370MW">US Appalachia transforms 17 coal mine sites into solar, battery hubs for 370MW</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/coal-mine-sites-into-solar-battery-hubs" title="US Appalachia transforms 17 coal mine sites into solar, battery hubs for 370MW"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/first-humanoid-robot-polishing-china" title="Stial Steven: First humanoid robot for intricate polishing tasks unveiled in China">Stial Steven: First humanoid robot for intricate polishing tasks unveiled in China</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/first-humanoid-robot-polishing-china" title="Stial Steven: First humanoid robot for intricate polishing tasks unveiled in China"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery" title="Photon-powered quantum battery breakthrough could boost solar cell efficiency">Photon-powered quantum battery breakthrough could boost solar cell efficiency</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery" title="Photon-powered quantum battery breakthrough could boost solar cell efficiency"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mini-flow-battery-advances-research" title="US scientists shrink flow battery to card-size for faster energy storage">US scientists shrink flow battery to card-size for faster energy storage</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mini-flow-battery-advances-research" title="US scientists shrink flow battery to card-size for faster energy storage"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/ustc-lithium-hydrogen-battery" title="China’s new hydrogen EV battery hits 2825 Wh/kg energy density with 99.7% efficiency">China’s new hydrogen EV battery hits 2825 Wh/kg energy density with 99.7% efficiency</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2" title="Kaif Shaikh" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kaif Shaikh</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/ustc-lithium-hydrogen-battery" title="China’s new hydrogen EV battery hits 2825 Wh/kg energy density with 99.7% efficiency"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/avs-jump-20-x-drone" title="US unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload">US unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">13 minutes ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/avs-jump-20-x-drone" title="US unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/money-originated-from-long-distance-trade" title="Money likely originated from long-distance trade between strangers, suggests study">Money likely originated from long-distance trade between strangers, suggests study</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino" title="Maria Mocerino" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Maria Mocerino</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">16 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/money-originated-from-long-distance-trade" title="Money likely originated from long-distance trade between strangers, suggests study"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultra-hard-super-diamond-china-breakthrough" title="Ultra-hard 'super diamond' developed in China, 40% stronger than natural diamonds">Ultra-hard 'super diamond' developed in China, 40% stronger than natural diamonds</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">17 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultra-hard-super-diamond-china-breakthrough" title="Ultra-hard 'super diamond' developed in China, 40% stronger than natural diamonds"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/basketball-robot-stephen-curry-shooting-partner" title="AI robots make their NBA debut: Basketball bot becomes Stephen Curry's shooting partner">AI robots make their NBA debut: Basketball bot becomes Stephen Curry's shooting partner</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">17 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/basketball-robot-stephen-curry-shooting-partner" title="AI robots make their NBA debut: Basketball bot becomes Stephen Curry's shooting partner"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/raytheon-conducts-ltamds-test-successful" title="Raytheon's GhostEye perfectly tracks high-speed cruise missile, completes live-fire test">Raytheon's GhostEye perfectly tracks high-speed cruise missile, completes live-fire test</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">18 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/raytheon-conducts-ltamds-test-successful" title="Raytheon's GhostEye perfectly tracks high-speed cruise missile, completes live-fire test"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/transportation" title="Transportation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Transportation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-byd-secures-lithium-mining" title="China's BYD secures lithium mining for EV production, use solid-state batteries by 2027">China's BYD secures lithium mining for EV production, use solid-state batteries by 2027</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-byd-secures-lithium-mining" title="China's BYD secures lithium mining for EV production, use solid-state batteries by 2027"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/atomic-mirrors-light-sharper-quantum-sensors" title="Scientists turn light pulses into atomic mirrors to enhance quantum sensors">Scientists turn light pulses into atomic mirrors to enhance quantum sensors</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt" title="Rupendra Brahambhatt" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Rupendra Brahambhatt</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/atomic-mirrors-light-sharper-quantum-sensors" title="Scientists turn light pulses into atomic mirrors to enhance quantum sensors"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/salt-marshes-store-carbon-outperform-forests" title="US region's salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon, outperform forests">US region's salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon, outperform forests</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/salt-marshes-store-carbon-outperform-forests" title="US region's salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon, outperform forests"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-tests-m10-booker-arctic-deployment" title="US Army conducts extreme testing of M10 Booker vehicle for Arctic deployment">US Army conducts extreme testing of M10 Booker vehicle for Arctic deployment</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-tests-m10-booker-arctic-deployment" title="US Army conducts extreme testing of M10 Booker vehicle for Arctic deployment"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction" title="New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction">New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction" title="New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div></div><section class="t-flex t-justify-center max-md:t-flex-col t-mt-6 max-md:t-mt-0 md:t-mt-[0]"><div class="t-w-full md:t-w-[60%] t-pl-[8.50%]"><div data-url="youngest-planet-ever-discovered" class="new-article"><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="article-heading"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-1"></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-justify-between headingSection_author_info__s8Xap"><div class="author-info t-flex t-justify-left t-gap-2 headingSection_article_info_left__Wirfv"><div class="headingSection_author_info__avatar__LEJVf"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden"><img src="https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg" alt="Photo of the Author Christopher McFadden" title="Photo of the Author Christopher McFadden" class="t-w-full md:t-w-[50px] headingSection_author_info__image___0MRY"/></a></div><div><p class="h4-style-desktop t-font-bold braintree-heading headingSection_text_no_wrap__9jTRs"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden">Christopher McFadden</a></p><ul class="author-social-links Author_socialLinks__pJtg4"></ul></div></div><div class="headingSection_article_info__FQ2mg article-info t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-bg-color-500 undefined"><div class="headingSection_article_info__date__GgRIP article-info__date body-xsmall-medium color-gray-500">3 months ago</div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] md:t-my-[16px] md:t-mx-[16px] t-mx-[0px] headingSection_article_info__separator___1c_Q"></div><div class="article-info__comment headingSection_article_info__comment__1a_Uz "><button class="t-flex t-justify-center md:t-gap-[4px] max-md:t-flex-colc headingSection_article_info__comment_wrapper__Uj5_U t-cursor-pointer"><svg class="headingSection_article_info__comment_svg__Rds4y" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="20" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path class="headingSection_author_share_item__path__mrP1U" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 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data-nimg="1" class="articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__image__HYfDF" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2Fbaby-exoplanet.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2Fbaby-exoplanet.jpg&w=1200&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2Fbaby-exoplanet.jpg&w=1200&q=75"/><div class="t-flex t-justify-between article-thumbnail--info t-mt-2"><p class="article-thumbnail--description body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third">Artist's impression of the new baby exoplanet IRAS 04125+2902 b.</p><p class="article-thumbnail--reference body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-a-rare-glimpse-of-a-newborn-planet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NASA</a></p></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="body-content true articleBody_firstLetter__fWMYV body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>University of North Carolina researchers have recently discovered a baby exoplanet that could challenge our current understanding of how planets form in newly-minted solar systems. Designated IRAS 04125+2902 b, the new planet is a baby, being only around 3 million years old, which also makes it the youngest planet so far discovered using the dominant method of planet detection.</p> <p>While its discovery is exciting enough, what is more interesting is that it is not that much older than its parent star. The planet’s orbit is also misaligned from the protoplanetary disk, allowing researchers to see it clearly.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p><a href="https://dailygalaxy.com/2024/11/scientists-youngest-transiting-exoplanet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">The planet</a>, a very young gas giant, is about 521 light-years away from Earth. Its strange orbit also enables researchers to get exciting information as it transits in front of its parent star with little to no obstructions to Earth-based instruments, like NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which made the discovery.</p> <p>IRAS 04125+2902 b is roughly the same age as its parent star, which is far too brief in cosmic terms under our current understanding of planet formation.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-are-we-wrong-about-planet-formation">Are we wrong about planet formation?</h2> <p>IRAS 04125+2902 b has a radius roughly 10.7 times larger than that of Earth, making it comparable in size to Jupiter. However, it is significantly less dense, possessing only 30% of Jupiter’s mass. </p> <p>This difference in density suggests that the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/11-of-the-strangest-exoplanets-from-our-wildly-diverse-universe" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">exoplanet </a>is still in the process of formation and has not yet experienced the contraction and cooling phases that are typical of more mature gas giants. The exoplanet orbits its star, which has approximately 70% the mass of our Sun, at a close proximity, completing an orbit every 8.83 Earth days.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>According to a recent paper on the subject, the exoplanet’s swift orbit and relatively low density offer valuable insights into the processes that drive planetary formation in the tumultuous environments of young stellar systems. </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="The 5 Most Insane Planets In The Universe" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/abjdv2AExG0?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div></figure> <p>“To our knowledge, this makes IRAS 04125+2902 b the youngest transiting exoplanet discovered so far by a factor of about three,” the study authors reported.</p> <p>Prior to IRAS 04125+2902 b’s discovery, the youngest identified transiting exoplanets were between 10 and 40 million years old. This led scientists to question whether planets could form within the first few million years of a star’s life. </p> <p>This discovery now provides definitive evidence that planetary formation can occur much earlier than was previously thought. The host star of IRAS 04125+2902 b is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, which is formed from gas and dust left over from the star’s formation. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-very-interesting-baby-exoplanet">A very interesting baby exoplanet</h2> <p>Typically, these disks align with a planet’s orbital plane. However, in this case, the outer portion of the disk is tilted at an angle of 30 degrees. This misalignment allowed astronomers to observe the planet as it transited across the star, creating a silhouette against the stellar light.</p> <p>The origin of this misalignment is uncertain. Companion stars can often cause protoplanetary disks to tilt, but in this system, the companion appears to be aligned with the plane of the planet. </p> <p>Researchers note that such warped disks “offer rare windows into the dynamics of planet formation that are otherwise concealed by dense gas and dust.” This unique configuration presents a valuable opportunity to study the forces at play in young planetary systems.</p> <p>The discovery of <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-a-rare-glimpse-of-a-newborn-planet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">IRAS 04125+2902 b</a> offers a rare glimpse into the early stages of gas giant formation. At 521 light-years away, this young exoplanet’s atmosphere and its misaligned protoplanetary disk challenge existing models. Observations, especially with JWST, could revolutionize our understanding of planetary evolution and the processes shaping young systems.</p></div></div><div class="recommendedArticle_recommended_article__ENN1_"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div><h4 class="recommended-article--title overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">RECOMMENDED ARTICLES</h4><div class="OUTBRAIN" data-widget-id="GS_11"></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>The study is available in the journal <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08123-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Nature</a></em>.</p> <p></p> </div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class=""><div class="CommentSection_commentsblock__cerVm" id="commentsBlock"><div class="CommentSection_title__aI0LW t-inline-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-gap-1 comments-toggle"><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15px" height="15px" viewBox="0 0 13 12" fill="none"><path d="M1.5 3.90007C1.5 2.98989 1.5 2.5348 1.68166 2.18716C1.84144 1.88137 2.09641 1.63275 2.41002 1.47694C2.76654 1.2998 3.23325 1.2998 4.16667 1.2998H8.83333C9.76675 1.2998 10.2335 1.2998 10.59 1.47694C10.9036 1.63275 11.1586 1.88137 11.3183 2.18716C11.5 2.5348 11.5 2.98989 11.5 3.90007V6.82536C11.5 7.73554 11.5 8.19062 11.3183 8.53827C11.1586 8.84406 10.9036 9.09268 10.59 9.24849C10.2335 9.42562 9.76675 9.42562 8.83333 9.42562H5.21319C4.8665 9.42562 4.69315 9.42562 4.52734 9.4588C4.38024 9.48824 4.23789 9.53693 4.10416 9.60355C3.95343 9.67864 3.81807 9.78423 3.54734 9.99542L2.22209 11.0292C1.99093 11.2095 1.87535 11.2997 1.77808 11.2998C1.69348 11.2999 1.61346 11.2624 1.56068 11.1979C1.5 11.1238 1.5 10.9795 1.5 10.6908V3.90007Z" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.25" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span><span>0</span><span>COMMENT</span><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path d="M10 7L15 12L10 17" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full md:t-my-[16px] t-my-4"></div><div class=""><h4 class="t-pb-4 overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">ABOUT THE EDITOR</h4><p class="h5-style-desktop color-gray-900 articleBody_lineHeight_18__zYiLM"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden"><strong>Christopher McFadden</strong></a> Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. 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McFadden\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/2ff174fd7fd3b4725a23fe8d5339342f\"},\"headline\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T11:31:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T11:31:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\"},\"wordCount\":609,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Baby exoplanet IRAS 04125+2902 b.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"Space\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/policies/editorial-policy\",\"articleBody\":\"University of North Carolina researchers have recently discovered a baby exoplanet that could challenge our current understanding of how planets form in newly-minted solar systems. Designated IRAS 04125+2902 b, the new planet is a baby, being only around 3 million years old, which also makes it the youngest planet so far discovered using the dominant method of planet detection.While its discovery is exciting enough, what is more interesting is that it is not that much older than its parent star. The planet\u0026#8217;s orbit is also misaligned from the protoplanetary disk, allowing researchers to see it clearly.The planet, a very young gas giant, is about 521 light-years away from Earth. Its strange orbit also enables researchers to get exciting information as it transits in front of its parent star with little to no obstructions to Earth-based instruments, like NASA\u0026#8217;s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which made the discovery.IRAS 04125+2902 b is roughly the same age as its parent star, which is far too brief in cosmic terms under our current understanding of planet formation.Are we wrong about planet formation?IRAS 04125+2902 b has a radius roughly 10.7 times larger than that of Earth, making it comparable in size to Jupiter. However, it is significantly less dense, possessing only 30% of Jupiter’s mass. This difference in density suggests that the exoplanet is still in the process of formation and has not yet experienced the contraction and cooling phases that are typical of more mature gas giants. The exoplanet orbits its star, which has approximately 70% the mass of our Sun, at a close proximity, completing an orbit every 8.83 Earth days.According to a recent paper on the subject, the exoplanet\u0026#8217;s swift orbit and relatively low density offer valuable insights into the processes that drive planetary formation in the tumultuous environments of young stellar systems. “To our knowledge, this makes IRAS 04125+2902 b the youngest transiting\u0026nbsp;exoplanet\u0026nbsp;discovered so far by a factor of about three,” the study authors reported.Prior to IRAS 04125+2902 b\u0026#8217;s discovery, the youngest identified transiting exoplanets were between 10 and 40 million years old. This led scientists to question whether planets could form within the first few million years of a star\u0026#8217;s life. This discovery now provides definitive evidence that planetary formation can occur much earlier than was previously thought. The host star of IRAS 04125+2902 b is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, which is formed from gas and dust left over from the star\u0026#8217;s formation. A very interesting baby exoplanetTypically, these disks align with a planet’s orbital plane. However, in this case, the outer portion of the disk is tilted at an angle of 30 degrees. This misalignment allowed astronomers to observe the planet as it transited across the star, creating a silhouette against the stellar light.The origin of this misalignment is uncertain. Companion stars can often cause protoplanetary disks to tilt, but in this system, the companion appears to be aligned with the plane of the planet. Researchers note that such warped disks “offer rare windows into the dynamics of planet formation that are otherwise concealed by dense gas and dust.” This unique configuration presents a valuable opportunity to study the forces at play in young planetary systems.The discovery of IRAS 04125+2902 b offers a rare glimpse into the early stages of gas giant formation. At 521 light-years away, this young exoplanet’s atmosphere and its misaligned protoplanetary disk challenge existing models. Observations, especially with JWST, could revolutionize our understanding of planetary evolution and the processes shaping young systems.The study is available in the journal Nature.\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\",\"name\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered challenges planet formation timelines\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T11:31:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-23T11:31:59+00:00\",\"description\":\"A newly 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content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T11:31:50+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T11:31:59+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" 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Designated IRAS 04125+2902 b, the new planet is a baby, being only around 3 million years old, which also makes it the youngest planet so far discovered using the dominant method of planet detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile its discovery is exciting enough, what is more interesting is that it is not that much older than its parent star. The planet\u0026#8217;s orbit is also misaligned from the protoplanetary disk, allowing researchers to see it clearly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://dailygalaxy.com/2024/11/scientists-youngest-transiting-exoplanet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe planet\u003c/a\u003e, a very young gas giant, is about 521 light-years away from Earth. Its strange orbit also enables researchers to get exciting information as it transits in front of its parent star with little to no obstructions to Earth-based instruments, like NASA\u0026#8217;s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which made the discovery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b is roughly the same age as its parent star, which is far too brief in cosmic terms under our current understanding of planet formation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-are-we-wrong-about-planet-formation\"\u003eAre we wrong about planet formation?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b has a radius roughly 10.7 times larger than that of Earth, making it comparable in size to Jupiter. However, it is significantly less dense, possessing only 30% of Jupiter’s mass. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis difference in density suggests that the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/11-of-the-strangest-exoplanets-from-our-wildly-diverse-universe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eexoplanet \u003c/a\u003eis still in the process of formation and has not yet experienced the contraction and cooling phases that are typical of more mature gas giants. The exoplanet orbits its star, which has approximately 70% the mass of our Sun, at a close proximity, completing an orbit every 8.83 Earth days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to a recent paper on the subject, the exoplanet\u0026#8217;s swift orbit and relatively low density offer valuable insights into the processes that drive planetary formation in the tumultuous environments of young stellar systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The 5 Most Insane Planets In The Universe\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/abjdv2AExG0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“To our knowledge, this makes IRAS 04125+2902 b the youngest transiting\u0026nbsp;exoplanet\u0026nbsp;discovered so far by a factor of about three,” the study authors reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to IRAS 04125+2902 b\u0026#8217;s discovery, the youngest identified transiting exoplanets were between 10 and 40 million years old. This led scientists to question whether planets could form within the first few million years of a star\u0026#8217;s life. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery now provides definitive evidence that planetary formation can occur much earlier than was previously thought. The host star of IRAS 04125+2902 b is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, which is formed from gas and dust left over from the star\u0026#8217;s formation. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-very-interesting-baby-exoplanet\"\u003eA very interesting baby exoplanet\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTypically, these disks align with a planet’s orbital plane. However, in this case, the outer portion of the disk is tilted at an angle of 30 degrees. This misalignment allowed astronomers to observe the planet as it transited across the star, creating a silhouette against the stellar light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe origin of this misalignment is uncertain. Companion stars can often cause protoplanetary disks to tilt, but in this system, the companion appears to be aligned with the plane of the planet. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers note that such warped disks “offer rare windows into the dynamics of planet formation that are otherwise concealed by dense gas and dust.” This unique configuration presents a valuable opportunity to study the forces at play in young planetary systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery of \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-a-rare-glimpse-of-a-newborn-planet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b\u003c/a\u003e offers a rare glimpse into the early stages of gas giant formation. At 521 light-years away, this young exoplanet’s atmosphere and its misaligned protoplanetary disk challenge existing models. Observations, especially with JWST, could revolutionize our understanding of planetary evolution and the processes shaping young systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study is available in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08123-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"22:T5db,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://dailygalaxy.com/2024/11/scientists-youngest-transiting-exoplanet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe planet\u003c/a\u003e, a very young gas giant, is about 521 light-years away from Earth. Its strange orbit also enables researchers to get exciting information as it transits in front of its parent star with little to no obstructions to Earth-based instruments, like NASA\u0026#8217;s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which made the discovery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b is roughly the same age as its parent star, which is far too brief in cosmic terms under our current understanding of planet formation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-are-we-wrong-about-planet-formation\"\u003eAre we wrong about planet formation?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b has a radius roughly 10.7 times larger than that of Earth, making it comparable in size to Jupiter. However, it is significantly less dense, possessing only 30% of Jupiter’s mass. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis difference in density suggests that the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/11-of-the-strangest-exoplanets-from-our-wildly-diverse-universe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eexoplanet \u003c/a\u003eis still in the process of formation and has not yet experienced the contraction and cooling phases that are typical of more mature gas giants. The exoplanet orbits its star, which has approximately 70% the mass of our Sun, at a close proximity, completing an orbit every 8.83 Earth days.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"23:T5f5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to a recent paper on the subject, the exoplanet\u0026#8217;s swift orbit and relatively low density offer valuable insights into the processes that drive planetary formation in the tumultuous environments of young stellar systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The 5 Most Insane Planets In The Universe\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/abjdv2AExG0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“To our knowledge, this makes IRAS 04125+2902 b the youngest transiting\u0026nbsp;exoplanet\u0026nbsp;discovered so far by a factor of about three,” the study authors reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to IRAS 04125+2902 b\u0026#8217;s discovery, the youngest identified transiting exoplanets were between 10 and 40 million years old. This led scientists to question whether planets could form within the first few million years of a star\u0026#8217;s life. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery now provides definitive evidence that planetary formation can occur much earlier than was previously thought. The host star of IRAS 04125+2902 b is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, which is formed from gas and dust left over from the star\u0026#8217;s formation. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:T5a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-very-interesting-baby-exoplanet\"\u003eA very interesting baby exoplanet\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTypically, these disks align with a planet’s orbital plane. However, in this case, the outer portion of the disk is tilted at an angle of 30 degrees. This misalignment allowed astronomers to observe the planet as it transited across the star, creating a silhouette against the stellar light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe origin of this misalignment is uncertain. Companion stars can often cause protoplanetary disks to tilt, but in this system, the companion appears to be aligned with the plane of the planet. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers note that such warped disks “offer rare windows into the dynamics of planet formation that are otherwise concealed by dense gas and dust.” This unique configuration presents a valuable opportunity to study the forces at play in young planetary systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery of \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-a-rare-glimpse-of-a-newborn-planet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b\u003c/a\u003e offers a rare glimpse into the early stages of gas giant formation. At 521 light-years away, this young exoplanet’s atmosphere and its misaligned protoplanetary disk challenge existing models. Observations, especially with JWST, could revolutionize our understanding of planetary evolution and the processes shaping young systems.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"25:T1f06,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Extraterrestrial Power\u0026#039;s new innovation allows space-grade solar cells to be mass produced alongside terrestrial solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Extraterrestrial Power\u0026#039;s new innovation allows space-grade solar cells to be mass produced alongside terrestrial solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:19:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"402\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"26:T1396,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"27:T548,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:T8d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"29:T1d34,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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sets a new standard for hybrid vehicles with its impressive range, intelligent features, and cutting-edge design.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:56:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:57:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-95.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2a:Tfa6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina-based automobile giant Geely is pushing the boundaries of automotive AI with the launch of its Galaxy L7 EM-i.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i builds on the design of the Galaxy L7, featuring a through-type LED headlight group and a closed front panel. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the company, it delivers a WLTC comprehensive fuel consumption of 1.05 to 1.3 liters per 100 km (62 miles) and a total cruising range of 1,240 km (770 miles). \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the car\u0026#8217;s battery can be charged from 30% to 80% in just 20 minutes using fast charging, while a full charge with a standard charger takes between 2.7 and 3 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-offers-two-hybrid-powertrain-options\"\u003eNew Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers two hybrid powertrain options\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i is powered by Geely’s latest NordThor EM-i hybrid technology, available in two configurations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first option is a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine producing 82 kW (110 hp) and 136 Nm of torque, paired with a 160 kW (215 hp) electric motor and an E-DHT transmission. It is equipped with an 18.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, delivering a CLTC pure electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe second option features a 1.5T engine generating 120 kW (161 hp) and 255 Nm of torque, combined with a 107 kW (143 hp) electric motor and a 3DHT pro transmission. It uses an 18.7 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, also offering a CLTC electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://carnewschina.com/2025/02/15/geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-phev-with-1240-km-range-launched-starting-at-16000-usd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeely Galaxy L7 EM-i\u003c/a\u003e is equipped with the Flyme Auto intelligent cockpit system, featuring a four-spoke steering wheel and a 16.2-inch co-pilot entertainment screen as standard across all models. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system supports dual-screen linkage, multi-tasking, CarLink, and Hicar mobile phone connectivity. Notably, Geely opted for the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip to power the cockpit, instead of its own Dragon Eagle-1 chip.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-smart-cars-with-advanced-ai-capabilities\"\u003eNext-gen smart cars with advanced AI capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecently, the Chinese EV maker made headlines by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epartnering\u003c/a\u003e with artificial intelligence company DeepSeek to integrate its R1 LLM model with the next generation of smart cars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe automaker will now conduct distillation training on its Xingrui car control FunctionCall AI model using DeepSeek’s R1, enhancing the smaller model’s performance by leveraging outputs from a more advanced AI system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Radar RD6: China\u0026#039;s Electric Truck Rivaling Tesla\u0026#039;s Cybertruck\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OcPCD_DgyX8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn January 11, Geely introduced the Xingrui AI model, which was described as the world’s first fully self-developed, full-scenario AI big model in the automotive industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCloud computing and AI are increasingly being used in China’s automotive industry to enhance the performance of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and provide more personalized driving experiences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Geely’s ‘Smart Geely 2025’ strategy aims to accelerate the adoption of advanced AI technologies, including voice interaction models, AI digital chassis, and intelligent driving systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2b:T5b2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the car\u0026#8217;s battery can be charged from 30% to 80% in just 20 minutes using fast charging, while a full charge with a standard charger takes between 2.7 and 3 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-offers-two-hybrid-powertrain-options\"\u003eNew Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers two hybrid powertrain options\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i is powered by Geely’s latest NordThor EM-i hybrid technology, available in two configurations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first option is a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine producing 82 kW (110 hp) and 136 Nm of torque, paired with a 160 kW (215 hp) electric motor and an E-DHT transmission. It is equipped with an 18.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, delivering a CLTC pure electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe second option features a 1.5T engine generating 120 kW (161 hp) and 255 Nm of torque, combined with a 107 kW (143 hp) electric motor and a 3DHT pro transmission. It uses an 18.7 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, also offering a CLTC electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://carnewschina.com/2025/02/15/geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-phev-with-1240-km-range-launched-starting-at-16000-usd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeely Galaxy L7 EM-i\u003c/a\u003e is equipped with the Flyme Auto intelligent cockpit system, featuring a four-spoke steering wheel and a 16.2-inch co-pilot entertainment screen as standard across all models. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2c:T75d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system supports dual-screen linkage, multi-tasking, CarLink, and Hicar mobile phone connectivity. Notably, Geely opted for the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip to power the cockpit, instead of its own Dragon Eagle-1 chip.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-smart-cars-with-advanced-ai-capabilities\"\u003eNext-gen smart cars with advanced AI capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecently, the Chinese EV maker made headlines by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epartnering\u003c/a\u003e with artificial intelligence company DeepSeek to integrate its R1 LLM model with the next generation of smart cars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe automaker will now conduct distillation training on its Xingrui car control FunctionCall AI model using DeepSeek’s R1, enhancing the smaller model’s performance by leveraging outputs from a more advanced AI system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Radar RD6: China\u0026#039;s Electric Truck Rivaling Tesla\u0026#039;s Cybertruck\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OcPCD_DgyX8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn January 11, Geely introduced the Xingrui AI model, which was described as the world’s first fully self-developed, full-scenario AI big model in the automotive industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCloud computing and AI are increasingly being used in China’s automotive industry to enhance the performance of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and provide more personalized driving experiences.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T1e94,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A newly developed optical device promises to significantly enhance LIGO\u0026#039;s ability to detect gravitational waves by boosting laser power.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A newly developed optical device promises to significantly enhance LIGO\u0026#039;s ability to detect gravitational waves by boosting laser power.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/LIGO-laser-boost.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"180\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T16d4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, is one of the most powerful scientific equipment for detecting gravitational waves. Covering an area of 16 square kilometers, it also happens to be among the world’s largest scientific facilities. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there’s something that prevents this giant instrument from realizing its full potential.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, LIGO’s laser power starts at 200 Watts, and with maximum amplification, it can go up to 750 kilowatts — but this is not enough. According to scientists, the LIGO laser must cross the one-megawatt level to accomplish desirable results. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Achieving greater quantum-noise-limited sensitivity to spacetime strain hinges on achieving higher circulating laser power, in excess of 1 MW, in conjunction with highly squeezed quantum states of light,” authors of a study \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, there has been no way to make this happen, but a new study presents a prototype optical device that promises to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eboost LIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s laser power to levels never achieved before. “We demonstrate the potential of new adaptive optical technology to expand the detection horizon of gravitational-wave observatories,” the researchers said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-the-optical-instrument-work\"\u003eHow does the optical instrument work?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed prototype employs non-imaging optical principles that have never been applied to detect gravitational waves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNon-imaging optical principles are optical techniques that manipulate light without forming a traditional image, unlike lenses or mirrors used in cameras and telescopes. They are often used to control light distribution, beam shape, or energy transfer rather than focusing on visual resolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument developed by the researchers uses these techniques to apply precise optical corrections directly to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s main mirrors. It is positioned just a few centimeters in front of the mirror’s surface, where it projects ultra-low-noise infrared radiation to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Explained\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers tested the performance of their instrument using simulations for LIGO A+, the next-generation \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-can-surpass-quantum-limit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eupgrade of LIGO\u003c/a\u003e. They assumed the system was running with a 125-watt laser and a special quantum noise reduction technique at a level of 9 dB.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir results showed that this new technology could lower background noise in the detector by up to 20% in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 5 kHz. This means LIGO would be able to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultralow-frequency-gravitational-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edetect gravitational waves\u003c/a\u003e even from merging neutron stars that are about 4 megaparsecs (roughly 13 million light-years) farther away than before.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-new-approach-isn-t-just-limited-to-ligo\"\u003eThe new approach isn’t just limited to LIGO\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US also has plans to make a gravitational wave detector 10 times the size of LIGO. The proposed observatory is named \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethe Cosmic Explorer\u003c/a\u003e, and if everything goes as planned, it will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/10/4/90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoperational in the 2030s\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis 40\u0026#215;40 km facility will allow us to “see the universe at earlier times than when the first stars are believed to have formed when the universe was about 0.1% of its present 14-billion-year age,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Cosmic Explorer will also require lasers far more powerful than those of LIGO, and this is where the proposed optical technology could play an important role.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has the potential to provide Cosmic Explorer with all the laser power needed to dive deep into the universe’s unsolved mysteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from allowing us to detect gravitational waves, the “research promises to answer some of the deepest questions in physics and cosmology, such as how fast the universe is expanding and the true nature of black holes,” the study authors added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003ePhysical Review Letters\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T5ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Achieving greater quantum-noise-limited sensitivity to spacetime strain hinges on achieving higher circulating laser power, in excess of 1 MW, in conjunction with highly squeezed quantum states of light,” authors of a study \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, there has been no way to make this happen, but a new study presents a prototype optical device that promises to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eboost LIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s laser power to levels never achieved before. “We demonstrate the potential of new adaptive optical technology to expand the detection horizon of gravitational-wave observatories,” the researchers said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-the-optical-instrument-work\"\u003eHow does the optical instrument work?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed prototype employs non-imaging optical principles that have never been applied to detect gravitational waves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNon-imaging optical principles are optical techniques that manipulate light without forming a traditional image, unlike lenses or mirrors used in cameras and telescopes. They are often used to control light distribution, beam shape, or energy transfer rather than focusing on visual resolution.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"30:T74c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument developed by the researchers uses these techniques to apply precise optical corrections directly to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s main mirrors. It is positioned just a few centimeters in front of the mirror’s surface, where it projects ultra-low-noise infrared radiation to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Explained\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers tested the performance of their instrument using simulations for LIGO A+, the next-generation \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-can-surpass-quantum-limit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eupgrade of LIGO\u003c/a\u003e. They assumed the system was running with a 125-watt laser and a special quantum noise reduction technique at a level of 9 dB.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir results showed that this new technology could lower background noise in the detector by up to 20% in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 5 kHz. This means LIGO would be able to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultralow-frequency-gravitational-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edetect gravitational waves\u003c/a\u003e even from merging neutron stars that are about 4 megaparsecs (roughly 13 million light-years) farther away than before.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"31:T662,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-new-approach-isn-t-just-limited-to-ligo\"\u003eThe new approach isn’t just limited to LIGO\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US also has plans to make a gravitational wave detector 10 times the size of LIGO. The proposed observatory is named \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethe Cosmic Explorer\u003c/a\u003e, and if everything goes as planned, it will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/10/4/90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoperational in the 2030s\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis 40\u0026#215;40 km facility will allow us to “see the universe at earlier times than when the first stars are believed to have formed when the universe was about 0.1% of its present 14-billion-year age,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Cosmic Explorer will also require lasers far more powerful than those of LIGO, and this is where the proposed optical technology could play an important role.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has the potential to provide Cosmic Explorer with all the laser power needed to dive deep into the universe’s unsolved mysteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from allowing us to detect gravitational waves, the “research promises to answer some of the deepest questions in physics and cosmology, such as how fast the universe is expanding and the true nature of black holes,” the study authors added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"32:T1cbf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMarvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"wordCount\":1796,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. 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Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"34:Tad7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"35:Taa9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"36:Td5a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"37:T8fd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"38:T92e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:T8e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3a:Tf3d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T98c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:T2111,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eQuantum-inspired technique transforms crystal gaps into terabyte storage\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"UChicago Pritzker Molecular Engineering researchers created a \u0026quot;quantum-inspired” revolution in microelectronics, storing classical computer memory in crystal gaps where atoms should be.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quantum-inspired technique transforms crystal gaps into terabyte storage\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UChicago Pritzker Molecular Engineering researchers created a \u0026quot;quantum-inspired” revolution in microelectronics, storing classical computer memory in crystal gaps where atoms should be.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:48:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:50:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T16:48:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T16:50:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\"},\"wordCount\":552,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\",\"caption\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. 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The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties. 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This approach allows terabytes of data to be packed into a small cube of material just a millimeter in size, shows the research published in \u003cem\u003eNanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quantum-methods-revolutionize-classical-computing\"\u003eQuantum methods revolutionize classical computing \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovation showcases UChicago PME\u0026#8217;s interdisciplinary approach by applying quantum techniques to transform classical, non-quantum computers. It repurposes research originally focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices typically used to measure radiation exposure for hospital workers \u0026#8211; into revolutionary microelectronic memory storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to first author Leonardo França, a postdoctoral researcher in Zhong\u0026#8217;s lab, they integrated solid-state physics used in radiation dosimetry with research focused on quantum science, even though their work is not purely quantum. This interdisciplinary approach enabled the development of groundbreaking microelectronic \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2025-02-quantum-advancement-crystal-gaps-terabyte.html#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ememory storage\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researcher further adds that their work bridges \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equantum\u003c/a\u003e and optical data storage, meeting the need for better quantum systems and improved classical memory storage. The research began during França\u0026#8217;s Ph.D. studies at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, where he focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices that passively monitor radiation exposure for workers in hospitals, synchrotrons, and other radiation facilities. These materials can absorb radiation and store the exposure information for a specific period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrança explained that when the crystal absorbs enough energy, it releases electrons and holes, which are then captured by the defects. This information can be read by releasing the electrons and detecting them optically. Recognizing its potential for memory storage, França brought this non-quantum approach to Zhong\u0026#8217;s quantum laboratory, leading to the interdisciplinary \u003ca href=\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einnovation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rare-earths-enhance-memory-storage-with-powerful-optical-properties\"\u003eRare earths enhance memory storage with powerful optical properties\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo develop this innovative memory storage technique, the team incorporated rare earth elements, also known as lanthanides, into a crystal. They specifically used praseodymium and an yttrium oxide crystal, though the process they developed can be applied to a variety of materials, utilizing the powerful and flexible optical properties of rare earth \u003ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635/html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eelements\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs França further explains, rare earth elements exhibit specific electronic transitions that allow for the selection of precise laser excitation wavelengths for optical control, ranging from UV to near-infrared regimes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast to dosimeters, which are activated by X-rays or gamma rays, this storage device is triggered by a simple ultraviolet laser. The laser excites the lanthanides, causing them to release electrons. These electrons are captured by defects in the oxide crystal, such as gaps where a single oxygen atom is missing. The technique leverages these inherent defects, which are found in both natural and artificial crystals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile crystal defects are commonly used in quantum research to create \u0026#8220;qubits,\u0026#8221; the UChicago PME team discovered a new application. They successfully controlled which defects were charged and which weren’t, designating charged gaps as \u0026#8220;ones\u0026#8221; and uncharged gaps as “zeros”, with the innovation transforming the crystal into a highly efficient memory storage device, surpassing previous limits in classical computing.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3e:T6a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quantum-methods-revolutionize-classical-computing\"\u003eQuantum methods revolutionize classical computing \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovation showcases UChicago PME\u0026#8217;s interdisciplinary approach by applying quantum techniques to transform classical, non-quantum computers. It repurposes research originally focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices typically used to measure radiation exposure for hospital workers \u0026#8211; into revolutionary microelectronic memory storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to first author Leonardo França, a postdoctoral researcher in Zhong\u0026#8217;s lab, they integrated solid-state physics used in radiation dosimetry with research focused on quantum science, even though their work is not purely quantum. This interdisciplinary approach enabled the development of groundbreaking microelectronic \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2025-02-quantum-advancement-crystal-gaps-terabyte.html#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ememory storage\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researcher further adds that their work bridges \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equantum\u003c/a\u003e and optical data storage, meeting the need for better quantum systems and improved classical memory storage. The research began during França\u0026#8217;s Ph.D. studies at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, where he focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices that passively monitor radiation exposure for workers in hospitals, synchrotrons, and other radiation facilities. These materials can absorb radiation and store the exposure information for a specific period.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrança explained that when the crystal absorbs enough energy, it releases electrons and holes, which are then captured by the defects. This information can be read by releasing the electrons and detecting them optically. Recognizing its potential for memory storage, França brought this non-quantum approach to Zhong\u0026#8217;s quantum laboratory, leading to the interdisciplinary \u003ca href=\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einnovation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rare-earths-enhance-memory-storage-with-powerful-optical-properties\"\u003eRare earths enhance memory storage with powerful optical properties\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo develop this innovative memory storage technique, the team incorporated rare earth elements, also known as lanthanides, into a crystal. They specifically used praseodymium and an yttrium oxide crystal, though the process they developed can be applied to a variety of materials, utilizing the powerful and flexible optical properties of rare earth \u003ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635/html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eelements\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs França further explains, rare earth elements exhibit specific electronic transitions that allow for the selection of precise laser excitation wavelengths for optical control, ranging from UV to near-infrared regimes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"40:T5aa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast to dosimeters, which are activated by X-rays or gamma rays, this storage device is triggered by a simple ultraviolet laser. The laser excites the lanthanides, causing them to release electrons. These electrons are captured by defects in the oxide crystal, such as gaps where a single oxygen atom is missing. The technique leverages these inherent defects, which are found in both natural and artificial crystals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile crystal defects are commonly used in quantum research to create \u0026#8220;qubits,\u0026#8221; the UChicago PME team discovered a new application. They successfully controlled which defects were charged and which weren’t, designating charged gaps as \u0026#8220;ones\u0026#8221; and uncharged gaps as “zeros”, with the innovation transforming the crystal into a highly efficient memory storage device, surpassing previous limits in classical computing.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"41:T1f7b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eReverse aging in lithium batteries: Chinese scientists find new way\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese researchers have developed a technique which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries to give them new life.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: Chinese scientists find new way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese researchers have developed a technique which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries to give them new life.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:32:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:33:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-16475641641.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"607\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:32:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"42:T1435,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have come up a new \u0026#8216;precision therapy\u0026#8217; for old lithium-ion batteries to restore them to near factory-fresh condition. Developed by a team at Fudan University in Shanghai, the method could extend battery life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis could have huge implications across several sectors, including electric vehicles (EVs), smartphones and energy-storage facilities. Such technology would prove revolutionary for batteries typically lasting between 1,000 and 1,500 cycles (around six to eight years of use).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new technology relies on a lithium carrier molecule, which can be injected into old batteries to replenish lost lithium ions. Likened to precision surgery in human beings, this new method could extend battery life and offer important benefits for reducing battery waste and environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-surgery-for-lithium-batteries\"\u003eRegenerative \u0026#8216;surgery\u0026#8217; for lithium batteries\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Just like treating a human illness, we focused on repairing the battery\u0026#8217;s core issue while preserving its healthy components,\u0026#8221; Gao Yue from Fudan University explained. \u0026#8220;This carrier molecule can be \u0026#8216;injected\u0026#8217; into deteriorating batteries to precisely replenish lost lithium ions, providing a \u0026#8216;precision treatment\u0026#8217;,\u0026#8221; said Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The structure of this molecule is quite simple, with lithium electrons at one end and the rest of it acting like a vehicle that transports lithium electrons into the aging battery. The vehicle component is eventually discharged as gas,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eThe paper, published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature,\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e explained that a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elithium-ion battery\u003c/a\u003e consists of a cathode, anode, and active lithium ions in between. The study noted that a typical battery is retired when it loses too many ions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our approach is to retain the cathode and anode, which are still functional while addressing the problematic part. We aimed to develop a transformative functional material that provides precise lithium-ion replenishment to significantly extend a battery\u0026#8217;s life span,\u0026#8221; noted Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Big Problem of Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the team behind the technology, designing the carrier molecule was a significant challenge. With no existing examples, researchers had to use their imagination and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eartificial intelligence\u003c/a\u003e (AI).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-finding-the-right-carrier-molecule\"\u003eFinding the right carrier molecule\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team noted that any candidate molecule had to meet a complex set of requirements to work. These include dissolving well in the battery\u0026#8217;s existing electrolyte and participating in reactions without damaging the battery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt had to also be highly compatible with various active materials and electrolytes. To this end, the team used machine learning to identify potential candidates by digitizing molecular properties and utilizing extensive organic chemistry, electrochemistry, and materials engineering datasets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe result, CF3SO2Li, emerged as an ideal solution for the problem. It is relatively cheap, easy to make, and compatible with most mainstream batteries today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team found that batteries exposed to this new molecule retained near-production performance even after 12,000 to 60,000 charge-discharge cycles. This significantly improved industry standards from the current range of 500 and 2,000 cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The new solution not only delays battery retirement but also slashes resource waste and pollution,\u0026#8221; said Gao. “Whether extending the battery lifespan or preventing large-scale waste and environmental pollution, this ‘precision treatment’ offers a viable technical solution,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298762/chinese-scientists-develop-injection-make-smartphone-and-ev-batteries-last-longer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eread\u003c/a\u003e a statement by Fudan University.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYou can view the study \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39939772/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"43:T45e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new technology relies on a lithium carrier molecule, which can be injected into old batteries to replenish lost lithium ions. Likened to precision surgery in human beings, this new method could extend battery life and offer important benefits for reducing battery waste and environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-surgery-for-lithium-batteries\"\u003eRegenerative \u0026#8216;surgery\u0026#8217; for lithium batteries\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Just like treating a human illness, we focused on repairing the battery\u0026#8217;s core issue while preserving its healthy components,\u0026#8221; Gao Yue from Fudan University explained. \u0026#8220;This carrier molecule can be \u0026#8216;injected\u0026#8217; into deteriorating batteries to precisely replenish lost lithium ions, providing a \u0026#8216;precision treatment\u0026#8217;,\u0026#8221; said Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The structure of this molecule is quite simple, with lithium electrons at one end and the rest of it acting like a vehicle that transports lithium electrons into the aging battery. The vehicle component is eventually discharged as gas,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"44:T7dc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eThe paper, published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature,\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e explained that a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elithium-ion battery\u003c/a\u003e consists of a cathode, anode, and active lithium ions in between. The study noted that a typical battery is retired when it loses too many ions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our approach is to retain the cathode and anode, which are still functional while addressing the problematic part. We aimed to develop a transformative functional material that provides precise lithium-ion replenishment to significantly extend a battery\u0026#8217;s life span,\u0026#8221; noted Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Big Problem of Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the team behind the technology, designing the carrier molecule was a significant challenge. With no existing examples, researchers had to use their imagination and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eartificial intelligence\u003c/a\u003e (AI).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-finding-the-right-carrier-molecule\"\u003eFinding the right carrier molecule\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team noted that any candidate molecule had to meet a complex set of requirements to work. These include dissolving well in the battery\u0026#8217;s existing electrolyte and participating in reactions without damaging the battery.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"45:T51e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt had to also be highly compatible with various active materials and electrolytes. To this end, the team used machine learning to identify potential candidates by digitizing molecular properties and utilizing extensive organic chemistry, electrochemistry, and materials engineering datasets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe result, CF3SO2Li, emerged as an ideal solution for the problem. It is relatively cheap, easy to make, and compatible with most mainstream batteries today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team found that batteries exposed to this new molecule retained near-production performance even after 12,000 to 60,000 charge-discharge cycles. This significantly improved industry standards from the current range of 500 and 2,000 cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The new solution not only delays battery retirement but also slashes resource waste and pollution,\u0026#8221; said Gao. “Whether extending the battery lifespan or preventing large-scale waste and environmental pollution, this ‘precision treatment’ offers a viable technical solution,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298762/chinese-scientists-develop-injection-make-smartphone-and-ev-batteries-last-longer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eread\u003c/a\u003e a statement by Fudan University.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"46:T1d9b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUnique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1\"},\"headline\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\"},\"wordCount\":484,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"3d\",\"4D\",\"Physics\",\"quasicrystal\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"name\":\"Unique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. 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This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equasiperiodic crystal\u003c/a\u003e (also called quasicrystal) is a solid material with an ordered structure that never repeats exactly, like how it happens in regular crystals but follows specific mathematical rules.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crystal was first discovered in 1982 by an Israeli scientist Dan Shechtman. He proposed that a quasicrystal also has a repeating (periodic) structure, but not in the 3D space where we see it. Instead, its true periodic pattern exists in a higher-dimensional space, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elike 4D or beyond\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-getting-into-4d-via-quasicrystal-topology\"\u003eGetting into 4D via quasicrystal topology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors exposed a quasicrystal to electromagnetic waves and then studied the changes in their topology using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (2PPE).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNSOM is a technique that uses a tiny probe to scan a surface and capture super-detailed images, revealing features smaller than what normal light microscopes can capture.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e2PPE, on the other hand, reveals how electrons behave in materials by exciting them with two photons and measuring their energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the researchers employed these techniques to examine the interference patterns of electromagnetic waves on a quasicrystal’s surface. The way these waves moved and interfered with each other revealed hidden \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-would-a-4d-sphere-look-like-in-real-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efingerprints of the fourth dimension\u003c/a\u003e in the structure of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor instance, at first, the patterns looked different, but surprisingly their topological properties in 2D were identical to the extent that they couldn\u0026#8217;t be told apart. The only way to distinguish them was by referring to a higher-dimensional crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We discovered topological charge vectors in four dimensions (4D) that govern the real-space topology of 2D quasicrystals and reveal their inherent conservation laws,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-evidence-of-the-higher-dimension-influence\"\u003eMore evidence of the higher-dimension influence\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA couple of years after Dan Shechtman discovered quasicrystal, two scientists Paul Steinhardt and Dov Levine provided theoretical models and frameworks that explained the properties of such crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of their models suggests that quasicrystals can be understood as projections of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigher-dimensional\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures into three-dimensional space. So basically concepts from four-dimensional crystals can explain some of their properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors of the current study found something that resonates with Steinhardt and Levine’s theory. They noticed two noticed two surface waves appearing different and becoming identical within a timeframe of attoseconds (a billionth of a billionth of a second).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis finding hints that the surface wave patterns in 3D quasicrystals are influenced by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-beginners-guide-to-4d-that-will-make-sense-of-the-dimension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehidden 4D\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures. Hopefully, future studies will shed more light on this strange connection and open new doors to higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"48:T4d4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crystal was first discovered in 1982 by an Israeli scientist Dan Shechtman. He proposed that a quasicrystal also has a repeating (periodic) structure, but not in the 3D space where we see it. Instead, its true periodic pattern exists in a higher-dimensional space, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elike 4D or beyond\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-getting-into-4d-via-quasicrystal-topology\"\u003eGetting into 4D via quasicrystal topology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors exposed a quasicrystal to electromagnetic waves and then studied the changes in their topology using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (2PPE).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNSOM is a technique that uses a tiny probe to scan a surface and capture super-detailed images, revealing features smaller than what normal light microscopes can capture.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e2PPE, on the other hand, reveals how electrons behave in materials by exciting them with two photons and measuring their energy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"49:T56e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the researchers employed these techniques to examine the interference patterns of electromagnetic waves on a quasicrystal’s surface. The way these waves moved and interfered with each other revealed hidden \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-would-a-4d-sphere-look-like-in-real-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efingerprints of the fourth dimension\u003c/a\u003e in the structure of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor instance, at first, the patterns looked different, but surprisingly their topological properties in 2D were identical to the extent that they couldn\u0026#8217;t be told apart. The only way to distinguish them was by referring to a higher-dimensional crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We discovered topological charge vectors in four dimensions (4D) that govern the real-space topology of 2D quasicrystals and reveal their inherent conservation laws,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-evidence-of-the-higher-dimension-influence\"\u003eMore evidence of the higher-dimension influence\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA couple of years after Dan Shechtman discovered quasicrystal, two scientists Paul Steinhardt and Dov Levine provided theoretical models and frameworks that explained the properties of such crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4a:T4f1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of their models suggests that quasicrystals can be understood as projections of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigher-dimensional\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures into three-dimensional space. So basically concepts from four-dimensional crystals can explain some of their properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors of the current study found something that resonates with Steinhardt and Levine’s theory. They noticed two noticed two surface waves appearing different and becoming identical within a timeframe of attoseconds (a billionth of a billionth of a second).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis finding hints that the surface wave patterns in 3D quasicrystals are influenced by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-beginners-guide-to-4d-that-will-make-sense-of-the-dimension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehidden 4D\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures. Hopefully, future studies will shed more light on this strange connection and open new doors to higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4b:T1cac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS lab achieves 100x efficiency boost in laser-plasma accelerator\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have overcome long-standing challenges in laser-plasma acceleration by using a self-replenishing water target.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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content=\"2025-02-15T15:17:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:04:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Laser-Plasma-1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4c:T1092,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have achieved a significant milestone in laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey have generated fast, bright proton beams by using the power of a simple water stream.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough addresses long-standing challenges and brings LPA technology closer to real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These exciting results pave the way for new applications of relativistic high-power lasers for applications in medicine, accelerator research, and inertial fusion,” said Siegfried Glenzer, director of the High Energy Density Science division at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-challenges-of-lpas\"\u003eAddressing challenges of LPAs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/top-quark-vs-special-relativity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparticle accelerators\u003c/a\u003e, like synchrotrons, use electromagnets to generate these beams. However, their massive size limits their use in many settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLPAs offer a compact and cost-effective alternative, but they also face several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One challenge arises from the high-intensity laser, which destroys the targets after each pulse, requiring a new target for every shot,” explained the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Another issue is the beam divergence – proton beams produced by LPAs typically spread out like a floodlight rather than maintaining a narrow focus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new breakthrough aims to resolve these issues. This advance was made possible by using a thin stream of water instead of a solid target.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Instead of using a traditional solid target, they introduced a thin sheet of water – a self-regenerating stream that replenishes after each shot,” added the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eUnexpected benefits of water stream\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis self-regenerating water sheet not only eliminates the need for target replacement after each laser pulse but also unexpectedly enhances the proton beam\u0026#8217;s characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the high-intensity laser struck the water sheet, the resulting evaporated water formed a vapor cloud that interacted with the proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis interaction generated magnetic fields, which naturally focused the beam. This resulted in a significantly brighter and more tightly aligned proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to experiments using solid targets, the water sheet reduced beam divergence by an order of magnitude and increased efficiency by a factor of one hundred. The resulting proton beam exhibited remarkable stability as it operated consistently at five pulses per second over hundreds of laser shots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This effect was completely unexpected,” said Griffin Glenn, a Stanford University PhD student and the second author of the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the beam delivered the equivalent of 40 Gray with each shot, which is a standard radiation dosage used in proton therapies, a feat never before achieved with LPAs at this repetition rate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was accomplished using a readily available low-energy laser system, which marked a significant step towards practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eLeading to a paradigm shift\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This work has shifted the whole paradigm,” Glenzer \u003ca href=\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2025-02-10-innovative-target-design-leads-surprising-discovery-laser-plasma-acceleration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Finally, we are no longer totally reliant on simulations. We can now drive the physics from an experimental point of view, testing different laser intensities, target densities, and environmental pressures.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have achieved a significant milestone in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-laser-accelerates-electrons-10-gev\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elaser-plasma acceleration\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey successfully accelerated electrons to an energy of 10 billion electronvolts (10 GeV) within a distance of 30 centimeters (11.8 inches).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4d:T48d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-challenges-of-lpas\"\u003eAddressing challenges of LPAs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/top-quark-vs-special-relativity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparticle accelerators\u003c/a\u003e, like synchrotrons, use electromagnets to generate these beams. However, their massive size limits their use in many settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLPAs offer a compact and cost-effective alternative, but they also face several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One challenge arises from the high-intensity laser, which destroys the targets after each pulse, requiring a new target for every shot,” explained the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Another issue is the beam divergence – proton beams produced by LPAs typically spread out like a floodlight rather than maintaining a narrow focus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new breakthrough aims to resolve these issues. This advance was made possible by using a thin stream of water instead of a solid target.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Instead of using a traditional solid target, they introduced a thin sheet of water – a self-regenerating stream that replenishes after each shot,” added the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4e:T416,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eUnexpected benefits of water stream\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis self-regenerating water sheet not only eliminates the need for target replacement after each laser pulse but also unexpectedly enhances the proton beam\u0026#8217;s characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the high-intensity laser struck the water sheet, the resulting evaporated water formed a vapor cloud that interacted with the proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis interaction generated magnetic fields, which naturally focused the beam. This resulted in a significantly brighter and more tightly aligned proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to experiments using solid targets, the water sheet reduced beam divergence by an order of magnitude and increased efficiency by a factor of one hundred. The resulting proton beam exhibited remarkable stability as it operated consistently at five pulses per second over hundreds of laser shots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This effect was completely unexpected,” said Griffin Glenn, a Stanford University PhD student and the second author of the paper.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4f:T540,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the beam delivered the equivalent of 40 Gray with each shot, which is a standard radiation dosage used in proton therapies, a feat never before achieved with LPAs at this repetition rate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was accomplished using a readily available low-energy laser system, which marked a significant step towards practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eLeading to a paradigm shift\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This work has shifted the whole paradigm,” Glenzer \u003ca href=\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2025-02-10-innovative-target-design-leads-surprising-discovery-laser-plasma-acceleration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Finally, we are no longer totally reliant on simulations. We can now drive the physics from an experimental point of view, testing different laser intensities, target densities, and environmental pressures.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have achieved a significant milestone in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-laser-accelerates-electrons-10-gev\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elaser-plasma acceleration\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey successfully accelerated electrons to an energy of 10 billion electronvolts (10 GeV) within a distance of 30 centimeters (11.8 inches).\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"50:T1fa4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMeta to develop humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Meta is launching a dedicated division within Reality Labs to develop AI-powered humanoid robots designed to perform various physical tasks.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Meta to develop humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Meta is launching a dedicated division within Reality Labs to develop AI-powered humanoid robots designed to perform various physical tasks.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T14:58:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:02:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-humanoid-robots.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"350\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-15T14:58:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"51:T14dc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing its big bet on artificial intelligence (AI), Meta seems to have set its sight on the next major plunge. If an internal company memo accessed by \u003cem\u003eReuters \u003c/em\u003eis to be believed, the California-based tech conglomerate is setting up a new division as part of its Reality Labs unit to develop humanoid robots, powered by AI, which can assist with physical tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the memo reviewed by \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e, Meta\u0026#8217;s chief technology officer Andrew Bosworth revealed that the robotics product group would focus on research and development of \u0026#8220;consumer humanoid robots\u0026#8221; aimed at maximizing its main series of AI foundation models called Llama. According to Bosworth, expanding the portfolio to invest in this field will bring additional value to Meta AI and its mixed and augmented reality programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-billions-invested-in-robotics\"\u003eBillions invested in robotics\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite billions in investment from major \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etech companies\u003c/a\u003e and startups into AI-powered humanoids for manufacturing, logistics, and household tasks, progress on the development of robots has been slow. Researchers have found that breakthroughs in language-related AI, which have driven chatbot development, have not necessarily improved robots\u0026#8217; understanding of the physical world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe memo underscores Meta\u0026#8217;s major investment in the Reality Labs unit—dedicated to developing technologies for future growth—despite facing significant financial losses since its inception. The unit incurred a loss of around $5 billion in the fourth quarter of last year, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/meta-plans-investments-into-ai-driven-humanoid-robots-memo-shows-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, Meta has been funding research into \u0026#8217;embodied AI\u0026#8217;, aiming to create AI assistants that can see, hear, and navigate the 3D physical world. The company’s top AI scientist, Yann LeCun, has also emphasized the limitations of language models and is working to develop new models that can better understand physical space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Meta plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise in the space\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles in November, although retail partners will remain the primary drivers of hardware sales volume.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new division will be led by Marc Whitten, former CEO of self-driving car company Cruise, who Meta has hired as vice president of robotics, Bosworth noted in the memo. He also mentioned that John Koryl has been hired as vice president of retail. Koryl, previously CEO of The RealReal, will help expand Meta’s direct-to-consumer sales of products like the Quest mixed reality headsets and Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses, which Meta makes with EssilorLuxottica.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-meta-to-compete-with-tesla\"\u003eMeta to compete with Tesla\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeta plans to develop its own humanoid robot hardware, initially focusing on household chores, while also aiming to create the AI, sensors, and software that can power robots made by various companies, \u003cem\u003eBloomberg\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-14/meta-plans-major-investment-into-ai-powered-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e. The tech giant has begun discussions with robotics firms like Unitree Robotics and Figure AI but does not plan to launch its own branded robot right away.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the long run, Meta will face stiff competition from the likes of Tesla, whose CEO Elon Musk had recently \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e that his company’s humanoid robot Optimus is capable of performing many daily tasks and will eventually be sold to customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTesla plans to deploy pre-production Optimus prototypes in its factories by late 2025, with production units expected to be available by 2026. During the current year, Tesla aims to have more than 1,000 robots in its manufacturing facilities, and Musk predicts that Optimus could help the company achieve a $25 trillion valuation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith production costs around $10,000 and a retail price of about $20,000 per unit, Tesla expects significant profitability. Musk also forecasts a global market for one billion robots annually, with the company capturing 10% of that market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"52:T5de,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-billions-invested-in-robotics\"\u003eBillions invested in robotics\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite billions in investment from major \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etech companies\u003c/a\u003e and startups into AI-powered humanoids for manufacturing, logistics, and household tasks, progress on the development of robots has been slow. Researchers have found that breakthroughs in language-related AI, which have driven chatbot development, have not necessarily improved robots\u0026#8217; understanding of the physical world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe memo underscores Meta\u0026#8217;s major investment in the Reality Labs unit—dedicated to developing technologies for future growth—despite facing significant financial losses since its inception. The unit incurred a loss of around $5 billion in the fourth quarter of last year, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/meta-plans-investments-into-ai-driven-humanoid-robots-memo-shows-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, Meta has been funding research into \u0026#8217;embodied AI\u0026#8217;, aiming to create AI assistants that can see, hear, and navigate the 3D physical world. The company’s top AI scientist, Yann LeCun, has also emphasized the limitations of language models and is working to develop new models that can better understand physical space.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"53:T7d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Meta plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise in the space\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles in November, although retail partners will remain the primary drivers of hardware sales volume.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new division will be led by Marc Whitten, former CEO of self-driving car company Cruise, who Meta has hired as vice president of robotics, Bosworth noted in the memo. He also mentioned that John Koryl has been hired as vice president of retail. Koryl, previously CEO of The RealReal, will help expand Meta’s direct-to-consumer sales of products like the Quest mixed reality headsets and Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses, which Meta makes with EssilorLuxottica.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-meta-to-compete-with-tesla\"\u003eMeta to compete with Tesla\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeta plans to develop its own humanoid robot hardware, initially focusing on household chores, while also aiming to create the AI, sensors, and software that can power robots made by various companies, \u003cem\u003eBloomberg\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-14/meta-plans-major-investment-into-ai-powered-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e. The tech giant has begun discussions with robotics firms like Unitree Robotics and Figure AI but does not plan to launch its own branded robot right away.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"54:T1e56,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFabric produces light, sound even after stretching, bending, twisting\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing electroluminescent (EL) displays.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" 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property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T14:38:09+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T14:42:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/fabric.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"55:T140e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have created a new type of electronic fabric that maintains consistent performance even when repeatedly stretched, bent, and twisted. It\u0026#8217;s also capable of producing bright light and clear sound while stretching to double its original size.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by researchers from the Korea University of Technology and Education and the University of California San Diego, the composite material combines three significant components (Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, was developed utilizing transparent ionogel electrodes and a high dielectric layer composed of Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sound-display-addresses-challenges-of-limited-stretchability-low-brightness\"\u003eSound display addresses challenges of limited stretchability, low brightness\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study, published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereveals\u003c/a\u003e the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computer-with-ordinary-display-and-laser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estretchable\u003c/a\u003e electroluminescent (EL) sound display that addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing EL displays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Triton X used in the material stores \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/world-first-transparent-laptop-lenovo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eelectrical\u003c/a\u003e energy more effectively and makes it more stretchable. When electricity passes through this composite, it causes the phosphor particles to emit light while simultaneously creating tiny vibrations that produce sound waves, according to a report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-remains-stable-when-stretched-to-200-of-its-original-length\"\u003eMaterial remains stable when stretched to 200% of its original length\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter – brighter than many smartphone screens – and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2025/hyundai-mobis-full-windshield-holographic-display\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenerates\u003c/a\u003e sound at 73.7 decibels. This is within the range of normal conversation volume, though perceived loudness can vary depending on distance and environment. These capabilities remain stable even when the material is stretched to 200% of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoriginal length\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis design, featuring stretchable transparent ionogel electrodes sandwiching the high-dielectric-constant emissive layer, enables facile fabrication of stretchable sound \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/futuristic-bus-goldmedals-2m-showroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edisplays\u003c/a\u003e that demonstrate unprecedented performance: exceptional brightness, stretchability, and acoustic output. Remarkably, both the electroluminescence and acoustic performance of the display remain stable under various types of mechanical deformations, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers demonstrated a stretchable multicolored textile sound display that can be pixelated and achieve remarkably stable light and clear sound generation even when it is stretched. The display also illuminated letters, emitted various colors of light, and generated sound simultaneously without performance degradation despite being stretched.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-avenues-for-the-human-machine-interface-applications\"\u003eNew avenues for the human–machine interface applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that their groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eapproach\u003c/a\u003e opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications, particularly in wearable displays and smart textiles, enabling intuitive communication in next-generation interactive systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists maintained that the strategic incorporation of Triton X in the emissive layer induces polarization and plasticization of Ecoflex, resulting in a high dielectric constant, minimal leakage current, and superior stretchability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eReports\u003c/a\u003e revealed that the current version requires operating voltages of 400-500 volts to achieve optimal performance. The research team continues working to reduce these voltage requirements while maintaining brightness and sound quality. They are also developing more sophisticated control systems for complex visual patterns and audio output.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"56:Taaa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sound-display-addresses-challenges-of-limited-stretchability-low-brightness\"\u003eSound display addresses challenges of limited stretchability, low brightness\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study, published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereveals\u003c/a\u003e the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computer-with-ordinary-display-and-laser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estretchable\u003c/a\u003e electroluminescent (EL) sound display that addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing EL displays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Triton X used in the material stores \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/world-first-transparent-laptop-lenovo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eelectrical\u003c/a\u003e energy more effectively and makes it more stretchable. When electricity passes through this composite, it causes the phosphor particles to emit light while simultaneously creating tiny vibrations that produce sound waves, according to a report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-remains-stable-when-stretched-to-200-of-its-original-length\"\u003eMaterial remains stable when stretched to 200% of its original length\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter – brighter than many smartphone screens – and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2025/hyundai-mobis-full-windshield-holographic-display\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenerates\u003c/a\u003e sound at 73.7 decibels. This is within the range of normal conversation volume, though perceived loudness can vary depending on distance and environment. These capabilities remain stable even when the material is stretched to 200% of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoriginal length\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis design, featuring stretchable transparent ionogel electrodes sandwiching the high-dielectric-constant emissive layer, enables facile fabrication of stretchable sound \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/futuristic-bus-goldmedals-2m-showroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edisplays\u003c/a\u003e that demonstrate unprecedented performance: exceptional brightness, stretchability, and acoustic output. Remarkably, both the electroluminescence and acoustic performance of the display remain stable under various types of mechanical deformations, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"57:T673,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers demonstrated a stretchable multicolored textile sound display that can be pixelated and achieve remarkably stable light and clear sound generation even when it is stretched. The display also illuminated letters, emitted various colors of light, and generated sound simultaneously without performance degradation despite being stretched.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-avenues-for-the-human-machine-interface-applications\"\u003eNew avenues for the human–machine interface applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that their groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eapproach\u003c/a\u003e opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications, particularly in wearable displays and smart textiles, enabling intuitive communication in next-generation interactive systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists maintained that the strategic incorporation of Triton X in the emissive layer induces polarization and plasticization of Ecoflex, resulting in a high dielectric constant, minimal leakage current, and superior stretchability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eReports\u003c/a\u003e revealed that the current version requires operating voltages of 400-500 volts to achieve optimal performance. The research team continues working to reduce these voltage requirements while maintaining brightness and sound quality. They are also developing more sophisticated control systems for complex visual patterns and audio output.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"58:T1f06,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Extraterrestrial Power\u0026#039;s new innovation allows space-grade solar cells to be mass produced alongside terrestrial solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Extraterrestrial Power\u0026#039;s new innovation allows space-grade solar cells to be mass produced alongside terrestrial solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:19:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"402\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"59:T1396,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5a:T548,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5b:T8d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5c:T1cbf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMarvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"wordCount\":1796,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. 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Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5e:Tad7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5f:Taa9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:Td5a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"61:T8fd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"62:T92e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"63:T8e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"64:Tf3d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"65:T98c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"66:T217f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eTelescope spots first ever 220 million billion electron volt neutrino\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The researchers state that the discovery of this extremely high-energy neutrino is the first concrete proof that the universe produces neutrinos at these incredible energy levels. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Telescope spots first ever 220 million billion electron volt neutrino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The researchers state that the discovery of this extremely high-energy neutrino is the first concrete proof that the universe produces neutrinos at these incredible energy levels. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-12T16:02:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-12T14:08:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-10.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-10.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-10.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uSxhDP3D2Rk\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"393\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-12T16:02:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"67:T13ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn February 2023, a deep sea detector detected evidence of a cataclysmic cosmic event.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA neutrino with an estimated energy of 220 PeV – that\u0026#8217;s 220 million billion electron volts – slammed into the seawater near the detector. The event designated KM3-230213A is the “most energetic neutrino” ever observed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers state that the discovery of this extremely high-energy neutrino is the first concrete proof that the universe produces neutrinos at these incredible energy levels. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe observations were made by the Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) located at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ARCA detector makes its home 3450 meters below the surface — roughly 80 kilometers offshore from Portopalo di Capo Passero, Sicily.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This first-ever detection of a neutrino of hundreds of PeV opens a new chapter in neutrino astronomy and a new observational window on the Universe,” said Paschal Coyle, a researcher at CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elusive-neutrino-detection\"\u003eElusive neutrino detection\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeutrinos are elusive particles that carry vital clues about the universe\u0026#8217;s most energetic and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-advances-underwater-neutrino-research\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eviolent events\u003c/a\u003e like supernovas, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese powerful objects accelerate particles into what we call cosmic rays. The cosmic rays can collide with matter or light near their source, creating neutrinos and photons.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these particles are extremely difficult to detect because they barely interact with matter.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neutrinos are one of the most mysterious of elementary particles. They have no electric charge, almost no mass and interact only weakly with matter. They are special cosmic messengers, bringing us unique information on the mechanisms involved in the most energetic phenomena and allowing us to explore the farthest reaches of the Universe,” said Rosa Coniglione, researcher at the INFN National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Italy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this event, the KM3NeT detector registered a single crossing muon. The muon\u0026#8217;s path and immense energy strongly suggest it originated from such a neutrino interaction. Muon is a subatomic particle similar to an electron, but much heavier.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the first image of a black hole was captured\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uSxhDP3D2Rk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-its-source-remains-mystery\"\u003eIts source remains mystery \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKM3NeT, a massive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/particle-physics-standard-model-neutrino\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eneutrino\u003c/a\u003e telescope currently being built in the deep sea, will consist of two detectors, ARCA and ORCA. When complete, it will span over a cubic kilometer. The immense size of the detector is crucial, as neutrinos interact only weakly with matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe telescope detects neutrinos by capturing the Cherenkov light, a bluish glow produced when the particles interact with seawater.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“To determine the direction and energy of this neutrino required a precise calibration of the telescope and sophisticated track reconstruction algorithms,\u0026#8221; said Aart Heijboer, a researcher at Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, The Netherlands.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Furthermore, this remarkable detection was achieved with only one tenth of the final configuration of the detector, demonstrating the great potential of our experiment for the study of neutrinos and for neutrino astronomy,” added Heijboer in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1072988?\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis extremely high-energy neutrino could come directly from a powerful cosmic source or be the first-ever detection of a cosmogenic neutrino (created by cosmic rays interacting with the cosmic microwave background).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, with only one event, it\u0026#8217;s impossible to know for sure. Scientists hope to detect more of these neutrinos to determine their origin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08543-1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"68:T4df,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe observations were made by the Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) located at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ARCA detector makes its home 3450 meters below the surface — roughly 80 kilometers offshore from Portopalo di Capo Passero, Sicily.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This first-ever detection of a neutrino of hundreds of PeV opens a new chapter in neutrino astronomy and a new observational window on the Universe,” said Paschal Coyle, a researcher at CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elusive-neutrino-detection\"\u003eElusive neutrino detection\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeutrinos are elusive particles that carry vital clues about the universe\u0026#8217;s most energetic and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-advances-underwater-neutrino-research\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eviolent events\u003c/a\u003e like supernovas, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese powerful objects accelerate particles into what we call cosmic rays. The cosmic rays can collide with matter or light near their source, creating neutrinos and photons.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"69:T748,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these particles are extremely difficult to detect because they barely interact with matter.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neutrinos are one of the most mysterious of elementary particles. They have no electric charge, almost no mass and interact only weakly with matter. They are special cosmic messengers, bringing us unique information on the mechanisms involved in the most energetic phenomena and allowing us to explore the farthest reaches of the Universe,” said Rosa Coniglione, researcher at the INFN National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Italy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this event, the KM3NeT detector registered a single crossing muon. The muon\u0026#8217;s path and immense energy strongly suggest it originated from such a neutrino interaction. Muon is a subatomic particle similar to an electron, but much heavier.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the first image of a black hole was captured\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uSxhDP3D2Rk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-its-source-remains-mystery\"\u003eIts source remains mystery \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKM3NeT, a massive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/particle-physics-standard-model-neutrino\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eneutrino\u003c/a\u003e telescope currently being built in the deep sea, will consist of two detectors, ARCA and ORCA. When complete, it will span over a cubic kilometer. The immense size of the detector is crucial, as neutrinos interact only weakly with matter.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6a:T41a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe telescope detects neutrinos by capturing the Cherenkov light, a bluish glow produced when the particles interact with seawater.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“To determine the direction and energy of this neutrino required a precise calibration of the telescope and sophisticated track reconstruction algorithms,\u0026#8221; said Aart Heijboer, a researcher at Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, The Netherlands.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Furthermore, this remarkable detection was achieved with only one tenth of the final configuration of the detector, demonstrating the great potential of our experiment for the study of neutrinos and for neutrino astronomy,” added Heijboer in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1072988?\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis extremely high-energy neutrino could come directly from a powerful cosmic source or be the first-ever detection of a cosmogenic neutrino (created by cosmic rays interacting with the cosmic microwave background).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6b:T1e65,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e2024 YR4: China, NASA scramble to track ‘highest-risk’ asteroid\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Although the collision chance is small, the potential consequences are significant enough to trigger a global response.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-11T13:03:37+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-11T13:03:45+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-6.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"372\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-11T13:03:37+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6c:T1398,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA potentially hazardous asteroid, 2024 YR4, has been discovered, and it\u0026#8217;s got the world\u0026#8217;s attention.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth China and the US are ramping up efforts to monitor this asteroid, which has a tiny chance of impacting Earth in 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the collision chance is small, the potential consequences are significant enough to trigger a global response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis asteroid, estimated to be between 40 and 90 meters in diameter, was first spotted in December 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe European Space Agency has even listed it as the highest-risk asteroid on their watch list, with a 2.2% chance of impact in 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The chance of impact is very slim, and the asteroid is small enough that the effects of any potential impact would be on a local scale, but the situation is significant enough to warrant the attention of the global planetary defense community,” the ESA noted in a \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/2025/02/10/james-webb-space-telescope-will-study-asteroid-2024-yr4/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eblog.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs of February 10, 2025, the asteroid is expected to miss Earth by a wide margin (98% chance) on December 22, 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-determining-asteroid-s-size\"\u003eDetermining asteroid\u0026#8217;s size\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, the biggest challenge for astronomers is precisely determining its orbit and size. These factors are crucial to understanding the true threat it poses. A bright, small \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003easteroid\u003c/a\u003e can look the same as a dimmer, larger one.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent size estimates are based on reflected light, which isn\u0026#8217;t very reliable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dangerous asteroid will be the target of observations by the James Webb Space Telescope. Astronomers will use the powerful telescope to gain insights into the asteroid’s size and orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWebb isn\u0026#8217;t limited to visible light. It can see in infrared, which is heat.\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eBy measuring the heat radiated by the asteroid, Webb’s MIRI instrument can provide a much more accurate measurement of its size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe data will then be used by space agencies like ESA and NASA to better assess the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-could-strike-earth-experts-warn\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eimpact risk\u003c/a\u003e and plan any necessary response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImmediate observation is required as the asteroid will soon be out of view until 2028, leaving a small, lingering risk. Therefore, urgent observation and analysis are vital.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe asteroid will be observed in two rounds. The first is in early March when the asteroid is brightest, and the second is in May. The May observations will help determine how the asteroid\u0026#8217;s temperature changes as it moves away from the Sun and finalize its orbital measurements until it\u0026#8217;s visible again in 2028.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-china-assembling-defense-team\"\u003eChina assembling defense team \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNations around the world are taking this threat seriously.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, China is reportedly “assembling a planetary defense team” and developing plans for a mission to deflect potentially hazardous asteroids.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShortly after the discovery of the asteroid, China\u0026#8217;s State Administration of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defence began recruiting for a \u0026#8220;planetary defense post.\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298116/china-builds-planetary-defence-team-concerns-grow-over-2024-yr4-asteroid\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported that they are seeking individuals to fill three roles within their special projects center.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, China revealed a preliminary plan for its first asteroid defense mission expected to launch in 2030. The mission involves observing a near-Earth asteroid and then impacting it with a spacecraft to change its trajectory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is similar to what NASA tried with its DART mission in 2022.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf this asteroid poses a significant threat of collision with Earth, then NASA and China could consider deflecting it by crashing spacecraft into it, thereby altering its orbit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6d:T5fa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe European Space Agency has even listed it as the highest-risk asteroid on their watch list, with a 2.2% chance of impact in 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The chance of impact is very slim, and the asteroid is small enough that the effects of any potential impact would be on a local scale, but the situation is significant enough to warrant the attention of the global planetary defense community,” the ESA noted in a \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/2025/02/10/james-webb-space-telescope-will-study-asteroid-2024-yr4/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eblog.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs of February 10, 2025, the asteroid is expected to miss Earth by a wide margin (98% chance) on December 22, 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-determining-asteroid-s-size\"\u003eDetermining asteroid\u0026#8217;s size\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, the biggest challenge for astronomers is precisely determining its orbit and size. These factors are crucial to understanding the true threat it poses. A bright, small \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003easteroid\u003c/a\u003e can look the same as a dimmer, larger one.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent size estimates are based on reflected light, which isn\u0026#8217;t very reliable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dangerous asteroid will be the target of observations by the James Webb Space Telescope. Astronomers will use the powerful telescope to gain insights into the asteroid’s size and orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6e:T6d0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWebb isn\u0026#8217;t limited to visible light. It can see in infrared, which is heat.\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eBy measuring the heat radiated by the asteroid, Webb’s MIRI instrument can provide a much more accurate measurement of its size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe data will then be used by space agencies like ESA and NASA to better assess the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-could-strike-earth-experts-warn\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eimpact risk\u003c/a\u003e and plan any necessary response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImmediate observation is required as the asteroid will soon be out of view until 2028, leaving a small, lingering risk. Therefore, urgent observation and analysis are vital.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe asteroid will be observed in two rounds. The first is in early March when the asteroid is brightest, and the second is in May. The May observations will help determine how the asteroid\u0026#8217;s temperature changes as it moves away from the Sun and finalize its orbital measurements until it\u0026#8217;s visible again in 2028.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-china-assembling-defense-team\"\u003eChina assembling defense team \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNations around the world are taking this threat seriously.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6f:T4d0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, China is reportedly “assembling a planetary defense team” and developing plans for a mission to deflect potentially hazardous asteroids.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShortly after the discovery of the asteroid, China\u0026#8217;s State Administration of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defence began recruiting for a \u0026#8220;planetary defense post.\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298116/china-builds-planetary-defence-team-concerns-grow-over-2024-yr4-asteroid\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported that they are seeking individuals to fill three roles within their special projects center.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, China revealed a preliminary plan for its first asteroid defense mission expected to launch in 2030. The mission involves observing a near-Earth asteroid and then impacting it with a spacecraft to change its trajectory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is similar to what NASA tried with its DART mission in 2022.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf this asteroid poses a significant threat of collision with Earth, then NASA and China could consider deflecting it by crashing spacecraft into it, thereby altering its orbit.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"70:T1e68,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSpace debris striking planes could become a deadly reality: Study\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A new study from the University of British Columbia reveals the growing danger of falling space debris striking an airplane.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" 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property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-10T09:31:42+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-10T09:37:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE_de219e.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading 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While such an incident hasn\u0026#8217;t occurred yet, the potential consequences could be devastating.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the University of British Columbia have modeled the paths of falling rocket bodies and compared them to global flight data.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the explosion of satellite launches, like SpaceX\u0026#8217;s Starlink, and ever-increasing air traffic, the risk of a collision is rising rapidly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Uncontrolled reentries of space objects create a collision risk with aircraft in flight. While the probability of a strike is low, the consequences could be catastrophic. Moreover, the risk is rising due to increases in both reentries and flights,” the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-accelerating-threat\"\u003eAccelerating threat \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe increasing number of satellites in orbit leads to a greater potential for objects to break apart or become defunct, thus increasing space debris.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSatellites eventually fall back to Earth. While many burn up harmlessly in the atmosphere, some pieces can survive reentry and pose a risk to aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany private companies have been rapidly launching satellites to form huge constellations in orbit, which could further exacerbate the problem in the coming years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study revealed that over 2,300 rocket bodies are currently orbiting Earth and are destined to re-enter the atmosphere uncontrolled.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The highest-density regions, around major airports, have a 0.8% chance per year of being affected by an uncontrolled reentry,\u0026#8221; the study noted. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis rate rises to 26% for larger but still busy areas of airspace, such as that found in the northeastern United States, northern Europe, or around major cities in the Asia-Pacific region.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Space debris: A problem that’s only getting bigger\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eeQnv_IWttw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-even-small-debris-pieces-could-pose-a-threat\"\u003eEven small debris pieces could pose a threat \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencealert.com/the-risk-of-space-junk-hitting-planes-is-rising-in-the-era-of-spacex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eScience Alert\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported that even small pieces of debris, as little as one gram, can cause significant damage to a plane\u0026#8217;s windshield or engine.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Aerospace Corporation estimated the chance of a plane being hit by space debris at nearly 1 in 100,000 in 2021 – a risk that\u0026#8217;s far too high.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem is compounded by the difficulty in tracking these falling objects. This often forces authorities to close large swathes of airspace as a precaution, causing flight delays and cancellations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe “situation puts national authorities in a dilemma—to close airspace or not—with safety and economic implications either way,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was evident in 2022 with the re-entry of the Long March 5B rocket body. Fortunately, the rocket ultimately landed in the ocean. However, the incident raised concerns about the safety of populated areas and the need for improved strategies to mitigate the risks posed by uncontrolled re-entries.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers propose controlled rocket reentry as a solution to the space debris problem. Currently, this type of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/space-junk-future-danger-we-can-clean-it\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etechnology\u003c/a\u003e is reportedly used in less than 35% of launches. This would allow for targeted and safer re-entries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe situation is only getting worse. Incidents like the large piece of space debris that crashed through a Florida home last year demonstrate the real and present danger.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAirspace authorities will face the challenge of uncontrolled reentries for decades to come, the study warned. The experts highlight that there needs to be urgent government and private sector collaboration. It shouldn\u0026#8217;t take a disaster to force action.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84001-2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eScientific Reports.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"72:T41b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the explosion of satellite launches, like SpaceX\u0026#8217;s Starlink, and ever-increasing air traffic, the risk of a collision is rising rapidly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Uncontrolled reentries of space objects create a collision risk with aircraft in flight. While the probability of a strike is low, the consequences could be catastrophic. Moreover, the risk is rising due to increases in both reentries and flights,” the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-accelerating-threat\"\u003eAccelerating threat \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe increasing number of satellites in orbit leads to a greater potential for objects to break apart or become defunct, thus increasing space debris.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSatellites eventually fall back to Earth. While many burn up harmlessly in the atmosphere, some pieces can survive reentry and pose a risk to aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany private companies have been rapidly launching satellites to form huge constellations in orbit, which could further exacerbate the problem in the coming years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"73:T795,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study revealed that over 2,300 rocket bodies are currently orbiting Earth and are destined to re-enter the atmosphere uncontrolled.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The highest-density regions, around major airports, have a 0.8% chance per year of being affected by an uncontrolled reentry,\u0026#8221; the study noted. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis rate rises to 26% for larger but still busy areas of airspace, such as that found in the northeastern United States, northern Europe, or around major cities in the Asia-Pacific region.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Space debris: A problem that’s only getting bigger\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eeQnv_IWttw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-even-small-debris-pieces-could-pose-a-threat\"\u003eEven small debris pieces could pose a threat \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencealert.com/the-risk-of-space-junk-hitting-planes-is-rising-in-the-era-of-spacex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eScience Alert\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported that even small pieces of debris, as little as one gram, can cause significant damage to a plane\u0026#8217;s windshield or engine.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Aerospace Corporation estimated the chance of a plane being hit by space debris at nearly 1 in 100,000 in 2021 – a risk that\u0026#8217;s far too high.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem is compounded by the difficulty in tracking these falling objects. This often forces authorities to close large swathes of airspace as a precaution, causing flight delays and cancellations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"74:T1fc7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#039;s protective shell damaged in drone strike\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Russia of damaging the radiation containment shelter at Chernobyl. Moscow has denied involvement.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#039;s protective shell damaged in drone strike\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Russia of damaging the radiation containment shelter at Chernobyl. Moscow has denied involvement.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#8217;s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\"},\"wordCount\":534,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Chernobyl\",\"Drones\",\"IAEA\",\"Nuclear plant\",\"nuclear war\",\"Russia\",\"Ukraine\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"name\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor's protective shell damaged in drone strike\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Russia of damaging the radiation containment shelter at Chernobyl. 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He blamed Russia for the strike.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the aftermath of the event, Chernobyl’s chief engineer Oleksandr Tytarchuk stated that the shelter is no longer fulfilling its protective function following the damage. He warned of a potential risk of radioactive substances being released. Although the situation was under control according to Tytarchuk, he noted that repairs could require significant time and effort. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Kyiv accused Russia of carrying out the attack, Moscow has denied any involvement. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov refuted Zelensky\u0026#8217;s allegations, suggesting that it was likely a provocation, pointing out that Kyiv is known for such actions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iaea-confirms-drone-strike-no-radiation-leak\"\u003eIAEA confirms drone strike, no radiation leak\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed that the drone strike did not penetrate the plant’s inner containment shell. The agency reported that radiation levels at the decommissioned plant in the Kyiv region, known for the world’s worst nuclear disaster, remain unchanged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the IAEA, its team stationed at Ukraine’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChernobyl\u003c/a\u003e nuclear plant heard an explosion and was informed that a drone had struck the protective outer shell early Friday. The organization did not attribute blame but confirmed that the strike punched a hole in the structure and briefly ignited a fire, \u003cem\u003eAP\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-chernobyl-zelenskyy-71d781dbd66754d0a548edd388f3447a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This shelter was built by Ukraine together with other countries of Europe and the world, together with America – all those committed to real security for humanity. The only country in the world that attacks such sites, occupies nuclear power plants, and wages war without any regard for the consequences is today’s Russia. This is a terrorist threat to the entire world,” President Zelensky \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e in a statement on X.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-clashes-near-nuclear-plants-fuel-catastrophe-fears\"\u003eClashes near nuclear plants fuel catastrophe fears\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClashes near nuclear power plants have repeatedly sparked fears of a nuclear catastrophe throughout the three years of war, especially in a country where memories of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster remain vivid. That incident claimed at least 30 lives and released radioactive fallout across much of the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fire-at-europes-largest-nuclear-plant?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZaporizhzhia\u003c/a\u003e nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe, has been targeted by drones at times during the conflict but has not suffered significant damage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the latest incident in the Chernobyl plant, photographs posted by Andriy Yermak, the chief of staff to the Ukrainian president, appeared to show a small fire near the top of the New Safe Confinement shelter, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-drone-attack-damages-chornobyl-nuclear-plants-shelter-zelenskiy-says-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. Ukraine\u0026#8217;s SBU security service also released images of what it claimed was the drone, which it said was armed with a high-explosive warhead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Britain\u0026#039;s Biggest Nuclear Disaster Will Take 100 Years to Clear\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1_rp28wsN0E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompleted in 2019, the massive arched steel and concrete structure was built to cover an older Soviet-era version that had significantly deteriorated. Standing 108 metres high (354 feet) and 162 metres long, it spans 257 metres and is designed to last at least 100 years, according to the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. The project cost $1.6 billion and was funded by 45 donor countries and institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"76:T553,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Kyiv accused Russia of carrying out the attack, Moscow has denied any involvement. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov refuted Zelensky\u0026#8217;s allegations, suggesting that it was likely a provocation, pointing out that Kyiv is known for such actions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iaea-confirms-drone-strike-no-radiation-leak\"\u003eIAEA confirms drone strike, no radiation leak\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed that the drone strike did not penetrate the plant’s inner containment shell. The agency reported that radiation levels at the decommissioned plant in the Kyiv region, known for the world’s worst nuclear disaster, remain unchanged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the IAEA, its team stationed at Ukraine’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChernobyl\u003c/a\u003e nuclear plant heard an explosion and was informed that a drone had struck the protective outer shell early Friday. The organization did not attribute blame but confirmed that the strike punched a hole in the structure and briefly ignited a fire, \u003cem\u003eAP\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-chernobyl-zelenskyy-71d781dbd66754d0a548edd388f3447a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:T546,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This shelter was built by Ukraine together with other countries of Europe and the world, together with America – all those committed to real security for humanity. The only country in the world that attacks such sites, occupies nuclear power plants, and wages war without any regard for the consequences is today’s Russia. This is a terrorist threat to the entire world,” President Zelensky \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e in a statement on X.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-clashes-near-nuclear-plants-fuel-catastrophe-fears\"\u003eClashes near nuclear plants fuel catastrophe fears\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClashes near nuclear power plants have repeatedly sparked fears of a nuclear catastrophe throughout the three years of war, especially in a country where memories of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster remain vivid. That incident claimed at least 30 lives and released radioactive fallout across much of the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fire-at-europes-largest-nuclear-plant?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZaporizhzhia\u003c/a\u003e nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe, has been targeted by drones at times during the conflict but has not suffered significant damage.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"78:T647,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the latest incident in the Chernobyl plant, photographs posted by Andriy Yermak, the chief of staff to the Ukrainian president, appeared to show a small fire near the top of the New Safe Confinement shelter, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-drone-attack-damages-chornobyl-nuclear-plants-shelter-zelenskiy-says-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. Ukraine\u0026#8217;s SBU security service also released images of what it claimed was the drone, which it said was armed with a high-explosive warhead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Britain\u0026#039;s Biggest Nuclear Disaster Will Take 100 Years to Clear\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1_rp28wsN0E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompleted in 2019, the massive arched steel and concrete structure was built to cover an older Soviet-era version that had significantly deteriorated. Standing 108 metres high (354 feet) and 162 metres long, it spans 257 metres and is designed to last at least 100 years, according to the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. The project cost $1.6 billion and was funded by 45 donor countries and institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"79:T1e58,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e2,000-year-old London\u0026#039;s first Roman basilica unearthed beneath office\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Archaeologists have unearthed a remarkably preserved Roman basilica beneath a London office building in an astonishing discovery.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/london-first-roman-basilica\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#039;s first Roman basilica unearthed beneath office\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Archaeologists have unearthed a remarkably preserved Roman basilica beneath a London office building in an astonishing discovery.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/london-first-roman-basilica\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T12:04:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T12:05:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screen-Shot-2025-02-15-at-4.16.52-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/london-first-roman-basilica#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/london-first-roman-basilica\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#8217;s first Roman basilica unearthed in \u0026#8216;extraordinary\u0026#8217; 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Its scale served as a powerful symbol of Roman authority, showcasing their control over social, commercial, and political life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This is one of the most significant discoveries made in the city in recent years,” says Sophie Jackson, MOLA Director of Development. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe existence of a 2000-year-old Roman basilica in the area near Leadenhall Market was already suspected, but the exceptional state of preservation astonished the archaeological team.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The levels of preservation of the Basilica have far exceeded our expectations, and we have possibly the most important part of the building,\u0026#8221; Jackson explains. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-143202\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA reconstruction drawing of the first London Forum / ©Peter Marsden\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-roman-tribunal-where-london-s-history-was-made\"\u003eThe Roman Tribunal: where London\u0026#8217;s history was made\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter digging test pits into the ground around the estimated location of walls and foundations, the researchers discovered that their calculations yielded \u0026#8220;extraordinary\u0026#8221; results: massive foundations and walls made of flint, ragstone, and Roman tiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearch and previous excavations had suggested that the building might have stood at the northern end of the first Roman Basilica. However, they were \u0026#8220;unprepared\u0026#8221; for the scale and significance of their find.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the unearthed structures measured up to 32 feet long, indicating they were part of the Tribunal. This raised platform was where prominent Roman officials conducted official business and shaped the course of London\u0026#8217;s history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It\u0026#8217;s the place you came to do business, to get your court case sorted out, it\u0026#8217;s where laws were made, and it\u0026#8217;s where decisions were made about London, but also about the rest of the country,\u0026#8221; Jackson told the \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe two-story basilica overlooked bustling markets, vibrant festivals, and important public gatherings. However, despite its imposing presence, it was soon deemed insufficient for the growing Roman settlement. Within two decades, it was replaced by an even grander forum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-renovation-project-that-will-incorporate-ruins\"\u003eA renovation project that will incorporate ruins \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe remarkable discovery was made during an archaeological investigation commissioned by Hertshten Properties, who plan to redevelop their commercial building at 85 Gracechurch Street. MOLA was tasked with ensuring no \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/lead-lowered-iq-roman-empire-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehistorically\u003c/a\u003e significant remains were disturbed during construction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecognizing the value of the find, Hertshten Properties now aims to incorporate the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/hundreds-of-gold-silver-coins-found\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eRoman\u003c/a\u003e ruins into their renovation plans. In collaboration with MOLA and the London Museum, they envision a new public exhibition space that will offer visitors an immersive experience of Roman London.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To actually see people using and enjoying the space, moving through the public hall and down to see the remains, will be absolutely incredible,\u0026#8221; James Taylor from architecture firm Woods Bagot told \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2jdnv0ywyo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press release \u003ca href=\"https://www.mola.org.uk/discoveries/news/uncovering-heart-roman-london\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcludes\u003c/a\u003e by stating that, pending approval of the new plans, further excavations will continue in the spring of 2025. The site likely holds more secrets from this pivotal period in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/females-dominated-in-iron-age-britain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLondon\u0026#8217;s history\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7b:T83c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This is one of the most significant discoveries made in the city in recent years,” says Sophie Jackson, MOLA Director of Development. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe existence of a 2000-year-old Roman basilica in the area near Leadenhall Market was already suspected, but the exceptional state of preservation astonished the archaeological team.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The levels of preservation of the Basilica have far exceeded our expectations, and we have possibly the most important part of the building,\u0026#8221; Jackson explains. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-143202\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA reconstruction drawing of the first London Forum / ©Peter Marsden\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-roman-tribunal-where-london-s-history-was-made\"\u003eThe Roman Tribunal: where London\u0026#8217;s history was made\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter digging test pits into the ground around the estimated location of walls and foundations, the researchers discovered that their calculations yielded \u0026#8220;extraordinary\u0026#8221; results: massive foundations and walls made of flint, ragstone, and Roman tiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearch and previous excavations had suggested that the building might have stood at the northern end of the first Roman Basilica. However, they were \u0026#8220;unprepared\u0026#8221; for the scale and significance of their find.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7c:T551,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the unearthed structures measured up to 32 feet long, indicating they were part of the Tribunal. This raised platform was where prominent Roman officials conducted official business and shaped the course of London\u0026#8217;s history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It\u0026#8217;s the place you came to do business, to get your court case sorted out, it\u0026#8217;s where laws were made, and it\u0026#8217;s where decisions were made about London, but also about the rest of the country,\u0026#8221; Jackson told the \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe two-story basilica overlooked bustling markets, vibrant festivals, and important public gatherings. However, despite its imposing presence, it was soon deemed insufficient for the growing Roman settlement. Within two decades, it was replaced by an even grander forum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-renovation-project-that-will-incorporate-ruins\"\u003eA renovation project that will incorporate ruins \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe remarkable discovery was made during an archaeological investigation commissioned by Hertshten Properties, who plan to redevelop their commercial building at 85 Gracechurch Street. MOLA was tasked with ensuring no \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/lead-lowered-iq-roman-empire-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehistorically\u003c/a\u003e significant remains were disturbed during construction.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7d:T71a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecognizing the value of the find, Hertshten Properties now aims to incorporate the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/hundreds-of-gold-silver-coins-found\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eRoman\u003c/a\u003e ruins into their renovation plans. In collaboration with MOLA and the London Museum, they envision a new public exhibition space that will offer visitors an immersive experience of Roman London.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To actually see people using and enjoying the space, moving through the public hall and down to see the remains, will be absolutely incredible,\u0026#8221; James Taylor from architecture firm Woods Bagot told \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2jdnv0ywyo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press release \u003ca href=\"https://www.mola.org.uk/discoveries/news/uncovering-heart-roman-london\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcludes\u003c/a\u003e by stating that, pending approval of the new plans, further excavations will continue in the spring of 2025. The site likely holds more secrets from this pivotal period in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/females-dominated-in-iron-age-britain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLondon\u0026#8217;s history\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7e:T1c5c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eToyota\u0026#039;s new fuel cell offers 2x more durability, 20% more range\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Toyota\u0026#039;s new fuel cell delivers 20% more cruising range and offers two times more durability than the prior generation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/toyota-new-fuel-cell-more-range\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Toyota\u0026#039;s new fuel cell offers 2x more durability, 20% more range\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Toyota\u0026#039;s new fuel cell delivers 20% more cruising range and offers two times more durability than the prior generation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/toyota-new-fuel-cell-more-range\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T11:20:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T11:21:05+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/toyotah.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/toyota-new-fuel-cell-more-range#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/toyota-new-fuel-cell-more-range\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7f:T1164,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eToyota, a leading Japanese automaker, has launched its third-generation fuel cell system (3rd Gen FC System) that delivers two times more durability than the prior generation. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToyota\u0026#8217;s new fuel cell also delivers 20% more cruising range. This advanced system has been launched as part of the company\u0026#8217;s continued efforts toward the realization of a hydrogen society.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToyota claims that the FC is designed to meet the needs of the commercial sector with the same durability as conventional diesel-powered engines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to passenger vehicles, the 3rd Gen FC System will be expanded for use in heavy-duty commercial vehicles and is planned for introduction in markets mainly in Japan, Europe, North America, and China after 2026 at the earliest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-reduction-through-innovations-in-cell-design\"\u003eCost reduction through innovations in cell design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest FC also offers significant cost reduction through \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hydrogen-powered-drones-new-fuel-cell-membrane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einnovations\u003c/a\u003e in cell design and manufacturing processes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe 3rd Gen FC System will be unveiled for the first time on February 19 at the H2 \u0026amp; FC EXPO (International Hydrogen \u0026amp; Fuel Cell Expo) in Tokyo, Japan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s latest FC achieves \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/silver-catalysts-affordable-fuel-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edurability\u003c/a\u003e comparable to diesel engines and offers a maintenance-free design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eToyota\u003c/a\u003e has revealed that the 3rd Gen FC System can be installed in a variety of commercial vehicles, passenger cars, and general-purpose \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered-apartment-korea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eapplications\u003c/a\u003e, such as stationary generators, rail, and ships. For passenger vehicles, the improved fuel efficiency provides a greater cruising range.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-be-used-in-heavy-duty-commercial-vehicles\"\u003eCan be used in heavy-duty commercial vehicles\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor heavy-duty commercial vehicles, the new FC system offers a level of durability comparable to diesel engines and high power. In addition, by designing the system to be more compact, it can be easily integrated into various commercial vehicles, according to the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Toyota views hydrogen as an important fuel in pursuit of carbon neutrality and is actively collaborating with partners across various industries. Toyota has been promoting various initiatives in the areas of create, transport, store, and use hydrogen in relation to its R\u0026amp;D activities,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e the company in a statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To further accelerate the use cases and adoption of FC technology to achieve a hydrogen society, the continuous evolution of FC technology is necessary, and this 3rd Gen FC system represents a significant step-change.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-realization-of-a-hydrogen-society\"\u003eRealization of a hydrogen society\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToyota has also maintained that it will continue efforts toward the realization of a hydrogen society in collaboration with local governments and other companies, associations, and organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBack in 2014, the company launched the MIRAI fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) and has since sold approximately 28,000 units across more than 30 countries and territories.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince 2019, Toyota has started supplying FC systems for use in other applications, such as buses, railroads, and stationary power generators, supplying more than 2,700 units to more than 100 customers globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company revealed that in Japan, it works with many partners, particularly in Tokyo and Fukushima prefectures, to implement these systems in the commercial sector and help create a hydrogen society.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new 3rd Gen FC System was developed based on customer feedback and insights from proof-of-concepts and demonstration tests over the past several years, according to Toyota.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"80:T42f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fuel-cell-degradation-check-hydrogen-vehicle-life\"\u003eNew fuel cell degradation check could boost hydrogen ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/bloom-energy-fuel-cell-delivers-60-percent-efficiency\"\u003eUS: New fuel cell achieves 60% electrical efficiency with ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/durable-heavy-duty-fuel-cells\"\u003eUS firm plans 'super tough' hydrogen cells to power heavy- ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"81:T667,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to passenger vehicles, the 3rd Gen FC System will be expanded for use in heavy-duty commercial vehicles and is planned for introduction in markets mainly in Japan, Europe, North America, and China after 2026 at the earliest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-reduction-through-innovations-in-cell-design\"\u003eCost reduction through innovations in cell design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest FC also offers significant cost reduction through \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hydrogen-powered-drones-new-fuel-cell-membrane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einnovations\u003c/a\u003e in cell design and manufacturing processes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe 3rd Gen FC System will be unveiled for the first time on February 19 at the H2 \u0026amp; FC EXPO (International Hydrogen \u0026amp; Fuel Cell Expo) in Tokyo, Japan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s latest FC achieves \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/silver-catalysts-affordable-fuel-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edurability\u003c/a\u003e comparable to diesel engines and offers a maintenance-free design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eToyota\u003c/a\u003e has revealed that the 3rd Gen FC System can be installed in a variety of commercial vehicles, passenger cars, and general-purpose \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered-apartment-korea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eapplications\u003c/a\u003e, such as stationary generators, rail, and ships. For passenger vehicles, the improved fuel efficiency provides a greater cruising range.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"82:T5b2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-be-used-in-heavy-duty-commercial-vehicles\"\u003eCan be used in heavy-duty commercial vehicles\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor heavy-duty commercial vehicles, the new FC system offers a level of durability comparable to diesel engines and high power. In addition, by designing the system to be more compact, it can be easily integrated into various commercial vehicles, according to the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Toyota views hydrogen as an important fuel in pursuit of carbon neutrality and is actively collaborating with partners across various industries. Toyota has been promoting various initiatives in the areas of create, transport, store, and use hydrogen in relation to its R\u0026amp;D activities,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e the company in a statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To further accelerate the use cases and adoption of FC technology to achieve a hydrogen society, the continuous evolution of FC technology is necessary, and this 3rd Gen FC system represents a significant step-change.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-realization-of-a-hydrogen-society\"\u003eRealization of a hydrogen society\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToyota has also maintained that it will continue efforts toward the realization of a hydrogen society in collaboration with local governments and other companies, associations, and organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"83:T42f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fuel-cell-degradation-check-hydrogen-vehicle-life\"\u003eNew fuel cell degradation check could boost hydrogen ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/bloom-energy-fuel-cell-delivers-60-percent-efficiency\"\u003eUS: New fuel cell achieves 60% electrical efficiency with ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/durable-heavy-duty-fuel-cells\"\u003eUS firm plans 'super tough' hydrogen cells to power heavy- ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv 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smart jacket combines AI and thermochromic yarn, automatically adjusting to ensure a safe and optimal temperature for the wearer.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-ai-smart-jacket-warm-without-overheating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New AI-driven smart jacket could keep you warm without overheating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This smart jacket combines AI and thermochromic yarn, automatically adjusting to ensure a safe and optimal temperature for the wearer.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-ai-smart-jacket-warm-without-overheating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T10:58:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T11:02:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-12533090271.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/vQonFuDfTfs\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"260\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-15T10:58:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"85:T1269,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a new artificial intelligence (AI)-driven smart textile that automatically adjusts heating and cooling for maximum user comfort. Dubbed \u0026#8216;smart jacket\u0026#8217;, the garment comes equipped with environmental sensors, heat-generating and color-changing yarns to prevent potentially harmful outcomes like hyperthermia or burns.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eElectronic textiles are regularly employed as heating pads and electric blankets to keep wearers warm and help ease aches and pains. However, prolonged use can result in heat-related issues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore sophisticated electronic textiles (e-textiles) can also incorporate sensors to monitor the wearer\u0026#8217;s heart rate, blood pressure, and movement; while others come equipped with Bluetooth to connect to mobile apps or temperature controls.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, as the researchers point out, users can still risk injury from such products even with these functions. The elderly are especially vulnerable, as they suffer from decreased heat sensitivity. This is a potentially severe issue that can lead to the development of preventable illnesses or even the death of senior citizens.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-combining-ai-and-thermochromic-yarn\"\u003eCombining AI and thermochromic yarn\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Jeanne Tan from Hong Kong Polytechnic University\u0026#8217;s School of Fashion and Textiles and her team believed they could boost \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/what-is-smart-clothing-technology-and-how-does-it-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ee-textile safety\u003c/a\u003e by combining AI-driven systems with thermochromic yarn. This combination, they thought, would enable them to create a fabric that warms the user without overheating and provides immediate temperature readings for easy monitoring.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter research and development, the team created an intelligent heating jacket from their new e-textile, which contained heat-generating, silver-coated yarn and two types of thermochromic yarn.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How smart textiles work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/vQonFuDfTfs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe silver-coated yarn can warm the garment with less bulk and greater flexibility than traditional materials like carbon fiber. The AI control system was trained on 50 subjects of various ages, genders, and body types who identified their ideal heat settings in environments with varying temperatures, humidities, and wind speeds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTan\u0026#8217;s team also decided to integrate color-changing yarns as a safety feature for the jacket. One yarn transitioning from purple to pink indicates a heating temperature above 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius) to allow for easy temperature monitoring during the day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-determines-optimal-temperature\"\u003eAI determines optimal temperature\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn dark environments, the other polymeric optical fiber yarn can give off a blue, yellow, or red glow to indicate temperatures of 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius), and 122 degrees Fahrenheit (50 degrees Celsius), respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a demonstration, the jacket\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rice-engineers-smart-thermochromic-polymer?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermochromic\u003c/a\u003e and optical fiber yarns accurately indicated the heating temperature. The jacket\u0026#8217;s AI component predicted a comfortable temperature and provided consistent heating for the wearer, even when the environment changed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;An AI model, trained on data from 50 wearability test subjects, determines optimal heating temperatures (40–50 °C) with 5.083 mean squared error (MSE), showing a high correlation between predicted and actual comfort levels,\u0026#8221; the researchers note in their study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team believes its innovative e-textile technology could be used in various applications, from heated car seats and furniture to spacesuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study has been published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c19174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Applied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"86:T4ea,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore sophisticated electronic textiles (e-textiles) can also incorporate sensors to monitor the wearer\u0026#8217;s heart rate, blood pressure, and movement; while others come equipped with Bluetooth to connect to mobile apps or temperature controls.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, as the researchers point out, users can still risk injury from such products even with these functions. The elderly are especially vulnerable, as they suffer from decreased heat sensitivity. This is a potentially severe issue that can lead to the development of preventable illnesses or even the death of senior citizens.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-combining-ai-and-thermochromic-yarn\"\u003eCombining AI and thermochromic yarn\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Jeanne Tan from Hong Kong Polytechnic University\u0026#8217;s School of Fashion and Textiles and her team believed they could boost \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/what-is-smart-clothing-technology-and-how-does-it-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ee-textile safety\u003c/a\u003e by combining AI-driven systems with thermochromic yarn. This combination, they thought, would enable them to create a fabric that warms the user without overheating and provides immediate temperature readings for easy monitoring.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"87:T6ef,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter research and development, the team created an intelligent heating jacket from their new e-textile, which contained heat-generating, silver-coated yarn and two types of thermochromic yarn.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How smart textiles work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/vQonFuDfTfs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe silver-coated yarn can warm the garment with less bulk and greater flexibility than traditional materials like carbon fiber. The AI control system was trained on 50 subjects of various ages, genders, and body types who identified their ideal heat settings in environments with varying temperatures, humidities, and wind speeds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTan\u0026#8217;s team also decided to integrate color-changing yarns as a safety feature for the jacket. One yarn transitioning from purple to pink indicates a heating temperature above 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius) to allow for easy temperature monitoring during the day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-determines-optimal-temperature\"\u003eAI determines optimal temperature\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn dark environments, the other polymeric optical fiber yarn can give off a blue, yellow, or red glow to indicate temperatures of 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius), and 122 degrees Fahrenheit (50 degrees Celsius), respectively.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"88:T45d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a demonstration, the jacket\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rice-engineers-smart-thermochromic-polymer?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermochromic\u003c/a\u003e and optical fiber yarns accurately indicated the heating temperature. The jacket\u0026#8217;s AI component predicted a comfortable temperature and provided consistent heating for the wearer, even when the environment changed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;An AI model, trained on data from 50 wearability test subjects, determines optimal heating temperatures (40–50 °C) with 5.083 mean squared error (MSE), showing a high correlation between predicted and actual comfort levels,\u0026#8221; the researchers note in their study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team believes its innovative e-textile technology could be used in various applications, from heated car seats and furniture to spacesuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study has been published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c19174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Applied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"89:T1d9b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eYoungest planet ever discovered challenges planet formation timelines\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A newly discovered baby exoplanet called IRAS 04125+2902 b is challenging our current understanding of planet formation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Youngest planet ever discovered challenges planet formation timelines\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A newly discovered baby exoplanet called IRAS 04125+2902 b is challenging our current understanding of planet formation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T11:31:50+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T11:31:59+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/abjdv2AExG0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"399\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-23T11:31:50+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8a:T14bc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eUniversity of North Carolina researchers have recently discovered a baby exoplanet that could challenge our current understanding of how planets form in newly-minted solar systems. Designated IRAS 04125+2902 b, the new planet is a baby, being only around 3 million years old, which also makes it the youngest planet so far discovered using the dominant method of planet detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile its discovery is exciting enough, what is more interesting is that it is not that much older than its parent star. The planet\u0026#8217;s orbit is also misaligned from the protoplanetary disk, allowing researchers to see it clearly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://dailygalaxy.com/2024/11/scientists-youngest-transiting-exoplanet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe planet\u003c/a\u003e, a very young gas giant, is about 521 light-years away from Earth. Its strange orbit also enables researchers to get exciting information as it transits in front of its parent star with little to no obstructions to Earth-based instruments, like NASA\u0026#8217;s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which made the discovery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b is roughly the same age as its parent star, which is far too brief in cosmic terms under our current understanding of planet formation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-are-we-wrong-about-planet-formation\"\u003eAre we wrong about planet formation?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b has a radius roughly 10.7 times larger than that of Earth, making it comparable in size to Jupiter. However, it is significantly less dense, possessing only 30% of Jupiter’s mass. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis difference in density suggests that the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/11-of-the-strangest-exoplanets-from-our-wildly-diverse-universe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eexoplanet \u003c/a\u003eis still in the process of formation and has not yet experienced the contraction and cooling phases that are typical of more mature gas giants. The exoplanet orbits its star, which has approximately 70% the mass of our Sun, at a close proximity, completing an orbit every 8.83 Earth days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to a recent paper on the subject, the exoplanet\u0026#8217;s swift orbit and relatively low density offer valuable insights into the processes that drive planetary formation in the tumultuous environments of young stellar systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The 5 Most Insane Planets In The Universe\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/abjdv2AExG0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“To our knowledge, this makes IRAS 04125+2902 b the youngest transiting\u0026nbsp;exoplanet\u0026nbsp;discovered so far by a factor of about three,” the study authors reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to IRAS 04125+2902 b\u0026#8217;s discovery, the youngest identified transiting exoplanets were between 10 and 40 million years old. This led scientists to question whether planets could form within the first few million years of a star\u0026#8217;s life. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery now provides definitive evidence that planetary formation can occur much earlier than was previously thought. The host star of IRAS 04125+2902 b is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, which is formed from gas and dust left over from the star\u0026#8217;s formation. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-very-interesting-baby-exoplanet\"\u003eA very interesting baby exoplanet\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTypically, these disks align with a planet’s orbital plane. However, in this case, the outer portion of the disk is tilted at an angle of 30 degrees. This misalignment allowed astronomers to observe the planet as it transited across the star, creating a silhouette against the stellar light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe origin of this misalignment is uncertain. Companion stars can often cause protoplanetary disks to tilt, but in this system, the companion appears to be aligned with the plane of the planet. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers note that such warped disks “offer rare windows into the dynamics of planet formation that are otherwise concealed by dense gas and dust.” This unique configuration presents a valuable opportunity to study the forces at play in young planetary systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery of \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-a-rare-glimpse-of-a-newborn-planet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b\u003c/a\u003e offers a rare glimpse into the early stages of gas giant formation. At 521 light-years away, this young exoplanet’s atmosphere and its misaligned protoplanetary disk challenge existing models. Observations, especially with JWST, could revolutionize our understanding of planetary evolution and the processes shaping young systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study is available in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08123-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8b:T5db,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://dailygalaxy.com/2024/11/scientists-youngest-transiting-exoplanet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe planet\u003c/a\u003e, a very young gas giant, is about 521 light-years away from Earth. Its strange orbit also enables researchers to get exciting information as it transits in front of its parent star with little to no obstructions to Earth-based instruments, like NASA\u0026#8217;s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which made the discovery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b is roughly the same age as its parent star, which is far too brief in cosmic terms under our current understanding of planet formation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-are-we-wrong-about-planet-formation\"\u003eAre we wrong about planet formation?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b has a radius roughly 10.7 times larger than that of Earth, making it comparable in size to Jupiter. However, it is significantly less dense, possessing only 30% of Jupiter’s mass. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis difference in density suggests that the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/11-of-the-strangest-exoplanets-from-our-wildly-diverse-universe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eexoplanet \u003c/a\u003eis still in the process of formation and has not yet experienced the contraction and cooling phases that are typical of more mature gas giants. The exoplanet orbits its star, which has approximately 70% the mass of our Sun, at a close proximity, completing an orbit every 8.83 Earth days.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8c:T5f5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to a recent paper on the subject, the exoplanet\u0026#8217;s swift orbit and relatively low density offer valuable insights into the processes that drive planetary formation in the tumultuous environments of young stellar systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The 5 Most Insane Planets In The Universe\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/abjdv2AExG0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“To our knowledge, this makes IRAS 04125+2902 b the youngest transiting\u0026nbsp;exoplanet\u0026nbsp;discovered so far by a factor of about three,” the study authors reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to IRAS 04125+2902 b\u0026#8217;s discovery, the youngest identified transiting exoplanets were between 10 and 40 million years old. This led scientists to question whether planets could form within the first few million years of a star\u0026#8217;s life. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery now provides definitive evidence that planetary formation can occur much earlier than was previously thought. The host star of IRAS 04125+2902 b is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, which is formed from gas and dust left over from the star\u0026#8217;s formation. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8d:T5a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-very-interesting-baby-exoplanet\"\u003eA very interesting baby exoplanet\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTypically, these disks align with a planet’s orbital plane. However, in this case, the outer portion of the disk is tilted at an angle of 30 degrees. This misalignment allowed astronomers to observe the planet as it transited across the star, creating a silhouette against the stellar light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe origin of this misalignment is uncertain. Companion stars can often cause protoplanetary disks to tilt, but in this system, the companion appears to be aligned with the plane of the planet. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers note that such warped disks “offer rare windows into the dynamics of planet formation that are otherwise concealed by dense gas and dust.” This unique configuration presents a valuable opportunity to study the forces at play in young planetary systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery of \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-a-rare-glimpse-of-a-newborn-planet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eIRAS 04125+2902 b\u003c/a\u003e offers a rare glimpse into the early stages of gas giant formation. At 521 light-years away, this young exoplanet’s atmosphere and its misaligned protoplanetary disk challenge existing models. Observations, especially with JWST, could revolutionize our understanding of planetary evolution and the processes shaping young systems.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8e:T1f06,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Extraterrestrial Power\u0026#039;s new innovation allows space-grade solar cells to be mass produced alongside terrestrial solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"402\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8f:T1396,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"90:T548,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"91:T8d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"92:T1d34,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina\u0026#039;s Geely unveils new hybrid EV with 770-mile range, smart cockpit\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Galaxy L7 EM-i sets a new standard for hybrid vehicles with its impressive range, intelligent features, and cutting-edge design.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China\u0026#039;s Geely unveils new hybrid EV with 770-mile range, smart cockpit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Galaxy L7 EM-i sets a new standard for hybrid vehicles with its impressive range, intelligent features, and cutting-edge design.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:56:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:57:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-95.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"93:Tfa6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina-based automobile giant Geely is pushing the boundaries of automotive AI with the launch of its Galaxy L7 EM-i.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i builds on the design of the Galaxy L7, featuring a through-type LED headlight group and a closed front panel. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the company, it delivers a WLTC comprehensive fuel consumption of 1.05 to 1.3 liters per 100 km (62 miles) and a total cruising range of 1,240 km (770 miles). \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the car\u0026#8217;s battery can be charged from 30% to 80% in just 20 minutes using fast charging, while a full charge with a standard charger takes between 2.7 and 3 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-offers-two-hybrid-powertrain-options\"\u003eNew Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers two hybrid powertrain options\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i is powered by Geely’s latest NordThor EM-i hybrid technology, available in two configurations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first option is a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine producing 82 kW (110 hp) and 136 Nm of torque, paired with a 160 kW (215 hp) electric motor and an E-DHT transmission. It is equipped with an 18.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, delivering a CLTC pure electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe second option features a 1.5T engine generating 120 kW (161 hp) and 255 Nm of torque, combined with a 107 kW (143 hp) electric motor and a 3DHT pro transmission. It uses an 18.7 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, also offering a CLTC electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://carnewschina.com/2025/02/15/geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-phev-with-1240-km-range-launched-starting-at-16000-usd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeely Galaxy L7 EM-i\u003c/a\u003e is equipped with the Flyme Auto intelligent cockpit system, featuring a four-spoke steering wheel and a 16.2-inch co-pilot entertainment screen as standard across all models. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system supports dual-screen linkage, multi-tasking, CarLink, and Hicar mobile phone connectivity. Notably, Geely opted for the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip to power the cockpit, instead of its own Dragon Eagle-1 chip.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-smart-cars-with-advanced-ai-capabilities\"\u003eNext-gen smart cars with advanced AI capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecently, the Chinese EV maker made headlines by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epartnering\u003c/a\u003e with artificial intelligence company DeepSeek to integrate its R1 LLM model with the next generation of smart cars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe automaker will now conduct distillation training on its Xingrui car control FunctionCall AI model using DeepSeek’s R1, enhancing the smaller model’s performance by leveraging outputs from a more advanced AI system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Radar RD6: China\u0026#039;s Electric Truck Rivaling Tesla\u0026#039;s Cybertruck\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OcPCD_DgyX8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn January 11, Geely introduced the Xingrui AI model, which was described as the world’s first fully self-developed, full-scenario AI big model in the automotive industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCloud computing and AI are increasingly being used in China’s automotive industry to enhance the performance of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and provide more personalized driving experiences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Geely’s ‘Smart Geely 2025’ strategy aims to accelerate the adoption of advanced AI technologies, including voice interaction models, AI digital chassis, and intelligent driving systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"94:T5b2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the car\u0026#8217;s battery can be charged from 30% to 80% in just 20 minutes using fast charging, while a full charge with a standard charger takes between 2.7 and 3 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-offers-two-hybrid-powertrain-options\"\u003eNew Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers two hybrid powertrain options\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i is powered by Geely’s latest NordThor EM-i hybrid technology, available in two configurations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first option is a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine producing 82 kW (110 hp) and 136 Nm of torque, paired with a 160 kW (215 hp) electric motor and an E-DHT transmission. It is equipped with an 18.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, delivering a CLTC pure electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe second option features a 1.5T engine generating 120 kW (161 hp) and 255 Nm of torque, combined with a 107 kW (143 hp) electric motor and a 3DHT pro transmission. It uses an 18.7 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, also offering a CLTC electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://carnewschina.com/2025/02/15/geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-phev-with-1240-km-range-launched-starting-at-16000-usd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeely Galaxy L7 EM-i\u003c/a\u003e is equipped with the Flyme Auto intelligent cockpit system, featuring a four-spoke steering wheel and a 16.2-inch co-pilot entertainment screen as standard across all models. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"95:T75d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system supports dual-screen linkage, multi-tasking, CarLink, and Hicar mobile phone connectivity. Notably, Geely opted for the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip to power the cockpit, instead of its own Dragon Eagle-1 chip.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-smart-cars-with-advanced-ai-capabilities\"\u003eNext-gen smart cars with advanced AI capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecently, the Chinese EV maker made headlines by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epartnering\u003c/a\u003e with artificial intelligence company DeepSeek to integrate its R1 LLM model with the next generation of smart cars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe automaker will now conduct distillation training on its Xingrui car control FunctionCall AI model using DeepSeek’s R1, enhancing the smaller model’s performance by leveraging outputs from a more advanced AI system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Radar RD6: China\u0026#039;s Electric Truck Rivaling Tesla\u0026#039;s Cybertruck\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OcPCD_DgyX8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn January 11, Geely introduced the Xingrui AI model, which was described as the world’s first fully self-developed, full-scenario AI big model in the automotive industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCloud computing and AI are increasingly being used in China’s automotive industry to enhance the performance of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and provide more personalized driving experiences.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"96:T1e94,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A newly developed optical device promises to significantly enhance LIGO\u0026#039;s ability to detect gravitational waves by boosting laser power.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A newly developed optical device promises to significantly enhance LIGO\u0026#039;s ability to detect gravitational waves by boosting laser power.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/LIGO-laser-boost.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"180\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"97:T16d4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, is one of the most powerful scientific equipment for detecting gravitational waves. Covering an area of 16 square kilometers, it also happens to be among the world’s largest scientific facilities. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there’s something that prevents this giant instrument from realizing its full potential.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, LIGO’s laser power starts at 200 Watts, and with maximum amplification, it can go up to 750 kilowatts — but this is not enough. According to scientists, the LIGO laser must cross the one-megawatt level to accomplish desirable results. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Achieving greater quantum-noise-limited sensitivity to spacetime strain hinges on achieving higher circulating laser power, in excess of 1 MW, in conjunction with highly squeezed quantum states of light,” authors of a study \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, there has been no way to make this happen, but a new study presents a prototype optical device that promises to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eboost LIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s laser power to levels never achieved before. “We demonstrate the potential of new adaptive optical technology to expand the detection horizon of gravitational-wave observatories,” the researchers said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-the-optical-instrument-work\"\u003eHow does the optical instrument work?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed prototype employs non-imaging optical principles that have never been applied to detect gravitational waves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNon-imaging optical principles are optical techniques that manipulate light without forming a traditional image, unlike lenses or mirrors used in cameras and telescopes. They are often used to control light distribution, beam shape, or energy transfer rather than focusing on visual resolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument developed by the researchers uses these techniques to apply precise optical corrections directly to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s main mirrors. It is positioned just a few centimeters in front of the mirror’s surface, where it projects ultra-low-noise infrared radiation to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Explained\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers tested the performance of their instrument using simulations for LIGO A+, the next-generation \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-can-surpass-quantum-limit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eupgrade of LIGO\u003c/a\u003e. They assumed the system was running with a 125-watt laser and a special quantum noise reduction technique at a level of 9 dB.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir results showed that this new technology could lower background noise in the detector by up to 20% in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 5 kHz. This means LIGO would be able to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultralow-frequency-gravitational-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edetect gravitational waves\u003c/a\u003e even from merging neutron stars that are about 4 megaparsecs (roughly 13 million light-years) farther away than before.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-new-approach-isn-t-just-limited-to-ligo\"\u003eThe new approach isn’t just limited to LIGO\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US also has plans to make a gravitational wave detector 10 times the size of LIGO. The proposed observatory is named \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethe Cosmic Explorer\u003c/a\u003e, and if everything goes as planned, it will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/10/4/90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoperational in the 2030s\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis 40\u0026#215;40 km facility will allow us to “see the universe at earlier times than when the first stars are believed to have formed when the universe was about 0.1% of its present 14-billion-year age,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Cosmic Explorer will also require lasers far more powerful than those of LIGO, and this is where the proposed optical technology could play an important role.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has the potential to provide Cosmic Explorer with all the laser power needed to dive deep into the universe’s unsolved mysteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from allowing us to detect gravitational waves, the “research promises to answer some of the deepest questions in physics and cosmology, such as how fast the universe is expanding and the true nature of black holes,” the study authors added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003ePhysical Review Letters\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"98:T5ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Achieving greater quantum-noise-limited sensitivity to spacetime strain hinges on achieving higher circulating laser power, in excess of 1 MW, in conjunction with highly squeezed quantum states of light,” authors of a study \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, there has been no way to make this happen, but a new study presents a prototype optical device that promises to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eboost LIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s laser power to levels never achieved before. “We demonstrate the potential of new adaptive optical technology to expand the detection horizon of gravitational-wave observatories,” the researchers said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-the-optical-instrument-work\"\u003eHow does the optical instrument work?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed prototype employs non-imaging optical principles that have never been applied to detect gravitational waves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNon-imaging optical principles are optical techniques that manipulate light without forming a traditional image, unlike lenses or mirrors used in cameras and telescopes. They are often used to control light distribution, beam shape, or energy transfer rather than focusing on visual resolution.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"99:T74c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument developed by the researchers uses these techniques to apply precise optical corrections directly to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s main mirrors. It is positioned just a few centimeters in front of the mirror’s surface, where it projects ultra-low-noise infrared radiation to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Explained\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers tested the performance of their instrument using simulations for LIGO A+, the next-generation \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-can-surpass-quantum-limit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eupgrade of LIGO\u003c/a\u003e. They assumed the system was running with a 125-watt laser and a special quantum noise reduction technique at a level of 9 dB.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir results showed that this new technology could lower background noise in the detector by up to 20% in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 5 kHz. This means LIGO would be able to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultralow-frequency-gravitational-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edetect gravitational waves\u003c/a\u003e even from merging neutron stars that are about 4 megaparsecs (roughly 13 million light-years) farther away than before.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9a:T662,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-new-approach-isn-t-just-limited-to-ligo\"\u003eThe new approach isn’t just limited to LIGO\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US also has plans to make a gravitational wave detector 10 times the size of LIGO. The proposed observatory is named \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethe Cosmic Explorer\u003c/a\u003e, and if everything goes as planned, it will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/10/4/90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoperational in the 2030s\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis 40\u0026#215;40 km facility will allow us to “see the universe at earlier times than when the first stars are believed to have formed when the universe was about 0.1% of its present 14-billion-year age,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Cosmic Explorer will also require lasers far more powerful than those of LIGO, and this is where the proposed optical technology could play an important role.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has the potential to provide Cosmic Explorer with all the laser power needed to dive deep into the universe’s unsolved mysteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from allowing us to detect gravitational waves, the “research promises to answer some of the deepest questions in physics and cosmology, such as how fast the universe is expanding and the true nature of black holes,” the study authors added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9b:T1cbf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMarvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"wordCount\":1796,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. 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Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9d:Tad7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9e:Taa9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9f:Td5a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a0:T8fd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a1:T92e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a2:T8e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a3:Tf3d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a4:T98c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a5:T2111,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eQuantum-inspired technique transforms crystal gaps into terabyte storage\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"UChicago Pritzker Molecular Engineering researchers created a \u0026quot;quantum-inspired” revolution in microelectronics, storing classical computer memory in crystal gaps where atoms should be.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quantum-inspired technique transforms crystal gaps into terabyte storage\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UChicago Pritzker Molecular Engineering researchers created a \u0026quot;quantum-inspired” revolution in microelectronics, storing classical computer memory in crystal gaps where atoms should be.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:48:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:50:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T16:48:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T16:50:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\"},\"wordCount\":552,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\",\"caption\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. 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The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties. 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This approach allows terabytes of data to be packed into a small cube of material just a millimeter in size, shows the research published in \u003cem\u003eNanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quantum-methods-revolutionize-classical-computing\"\u003eQuantum methods revolutionize classical computing \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovation showcases UChicago PME\u0026#8217;s interdisciplinary approach by applying quantum techniques to transform classical, non-quantum computers. It repurposes research originally focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices typically used to measure radiation exposure for hospital workers \u0026#8211; into revolutionary microelectronic memory storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to first author Leonardo França, a postdoctoral researcher in Zhong\u0026#8217;s lab, they integrated solid-state physics used in radiation dosimetry with research focused on quantum science, even though their work is not purely quantum. This interdisciplinary approach enabled the development of groundbreaking microelectronic \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2025-02-quantum-advancement-crystal-gaps-terabyte.html#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ememory storage\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researcher further adds that their work bridges \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equantum\u003c/a\u003e and optical data storage, meeting the need for better quantum systems and improved classical memory storage. The research began during França\u0026#8217;s Ph.D. studies at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, where he focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices that passively monitor radiation exposure for workers in hospitals, synchrotrons, and other radiation facilities. These materials can absorb radiation and store the exposure information for a specific period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrança explained that when the crystal absorbs enough energy, it releases electrons and holes, which are then captured by the defects. This information can be read by releasing the electrons and detecting them optically. Recognizing its potential for memory storage, França brought this non-quantum approach to Zhong\u0026#8217;s quantum laboratory, leading to the interdisciplinary \u003ca href=\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einnovation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rare-earths-enhance-memory-storage-with-powerful-optical-properties\"\u003eRare earths enhance memory storage with powerful optical properties\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo develop this innovative memory storage technique, the team incorporated rare earth elements, also known as lanthanides, into a crystal. They specifically used praseodymium and an yttrium oxide crystal, though the process they developed can be applied to a variety of materials, utilizing the powerful and flexible optical properties of rare earth \u003ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635/html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eelements\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs França further explains, rare earth elements exhibit specific electronic transitions that allow for the selection of precise laser excitation wavelengths for optical control, ranging from UV to near-infrared regimes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast to dosimeters, which are activated by X-rays or gamma rays, this storage device is triggered by a simple ultraviolet laser. The laser excites the lanthanides, causing them to release electrons. These electrons are captured by defects in the oxide crystal, such as gaps where a single oxygen atom is missing. The technique leverages these inherent defects, which are found in both natural and artificial crystals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile crystal defects are commonly used in quantum research to create \u0026#8220;qubits,\u0026#8221; the UChicago PME team discovered a new application. They successfully controlled which defects were charged and which weren’t, designating charged gaps as \u0026#8220;ones\u0026#8221; and uncharged gaps as “zeros”, with the innovation transforming the crystal into a highly efficient memory storage device, surpassing previous limits in classical computing.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a7:T6a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quantum-methods-revolutionize-classical-computing\"\u003eQuantum methods revolutionize classical computing \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovation showcases UChicago PME\u0026#8217;s interdisciplinary approach by applying quantum techniques to transform classical, non-quantum computers. It repurposes research originally focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices typically used to measure radiation exposure for hospital workers \u0026#8211; into revolutionary microelectronic memory storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to first author Leonardo França, a postdoctoral researcher in Zhong\u0026#8217;s lab, they integrated solid-state physics used in radiation dosimetry with research focused on quantum science, even though their work is not purely quantum. This interdisciplinary approach enabled the development of groundbreaking microelectronic \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2025-02-quantum-advancement-crystal-gaps-terabyte.html#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ememory storage\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researcher further adds that their work bridges \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equantum\u003c/a\u003e and optical data storage, meeting the need for better quantum systems and improved classical memory storage. The research began during França\u0026#8217;s Ph.D. studies at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, where he focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices that passively monitor radiation exposure for workers in hospitals, synchrotrons, and other radiation facilities. These materials can absorb radiation and store the exposure information for a specific period.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a8:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrança explained that when the crystal absorbs enough energy, it releases electrons and holes, which are then captured by the defects. This information can be read by releasing the electrons and detecting them optically. Recognizing its potential for memory storage, França brought this non-quantum approach to Zhong\u0026#8217;s quantum laboratory, leading to the interdisciplinary \u003ca href=\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einnovation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rare-earths-enhance-memory-storage-with-powerful-optical-properties\"\u003eRare earths enhance memory storage with powerful optical properties\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo develop this innovative memory storage technique, the team incorporated rare earth elements, also known as lanthanides, into a crystal. They specifically used praseodymium and an yttrium oxide crystal, though the process they developed can be applied to a variety of materials, utilizing the powerful and flexible optical properties of rare earth \u003ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635/html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eelements\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs França further explains, rare earth elements exhibit specific electronic transitions that allow for the selection of precise laser excitation wavelengths for optical control, ranging from UV to near-infrared regimes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a9:T5aa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast to dosimeters, which are activated by X-rays or gamma rays, this storage device is triggered by a simple ultraviolet laser. The laser excites the lanthanides, causing them to release electrons. These electrons are captured by defects in the oxide crystal, such as gaps where a single oxygen atom is missing. The technique leverages these inherent defects, which are found in both natural and artificial crystals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile crystal defects are commonly used in quantum research to create \u0026#8220;qubits,\u0026#8221; the UChicago PME team discovered a new application. They successfully controlled which defects were charged and which weren’t, designating charged gaps as \u0026#8220;ones\u0026#8221; and uncharged gaps as “zeros”, with the innovation transforming the crystal into a highly efficient memory storage device, surpassing previous limits in classical computing.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"aa:T1f7b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eReverse aging in lithium batteries: Chinese scientists find new way\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese researchers have developed a technique which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries to give them new life.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: Chinese scientists find new way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese researchers have developed a technique which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries to give them new life.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:32:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:33:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-16475641641.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"607\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:32:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ab:T1435,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have come up a new \u0026#8216;precision therapy\u0026#8217; for old lithium-ion batteries to restore them to near factory-fresh condition. Developed by a team at Fudan University in Shanghai, the method could extend battery life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis could have huge implications across several sectors, including electric vehicles (EVs), smartphones and energy-storage facilities. Such technology would prove revolutionary for batteries typically lasting between 1,000 and 1,500 cycles (around six to eight years of use).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new technology relies on a lithium carrier molecule, which can be injected into old batteries to replenish lost lithium ions. Likened to precision surgery in human beings, this new method could extend battery life and offer important benefits for reducing battery waste and environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-surgery-for-lithium-batteries\"\u003eRegenerative \u0026#8216;surgery\u0026#8217; for lithium batteries\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Just like treating a human illness, we focused on repairing the battery\u0026#8217;s core issue while preserving its healthy components,\u0026#8221; Gao Yue from Fudan University explained. \u0026#8220;This carrier molecule can be \u0026#8216;injected\u0026#8217; into deteriorating batteries to precisely replenish lost lithium ions, providing a \u0026#8216;precision treatment\u0026#8217;,\u0026#8221; said Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The structure of this molecule is quite simple, with lithium electrons at one end and the rest of it acting like a vehicle that transports lithium electrons into the aging battery. The vehicle component is eventually discharged as gas,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eThe paper, published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature,\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e explained that a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elithium-ion battery\u003c/a\u003e consists of a cathode, anode, and active lithium ions in between. The study noted that a typical battery is retired when it loses too many ions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our approach is to retain the cathode and anode, which are still functional while addressing the problematic part. We aimed to develop a transformative functional material that provides precise lithium-ion replenishment to significantly extend a battery\u0026#8217;s life span,\u0026#8221; noted Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Big Problem of Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the team behind the technology, designing the carrier molecule was a significant challenge. With no existing examples, researchers had to use their imagination and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eartificial intelligence\u003c/a\u003e (AI).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-finding-the-right-carrier-molecule\"\u003eFinding the right carrier molecule\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team noted that any candidate molecule had to meet a complex set of requirements to work. These include dissolving well in the battery\u0026#8217;s existing electrolyte and participating in reactions without damaging the battery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt had to also be highly compatible with various active materials and electrolytes. To this end, the team used machine learning to identify potential candidates by digitizing molecular properties and utilizing extensive organic chemistry, electrochemistry, and materials engineering datasets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe result, CF3SO2Li, emerged as an ideal solution for the problem. It is relatively cheap, easy to make, and compatible with most mainstream batteries today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team found that batteries exposed to this new molecule retained near-production performance even after 12,000 to 60,000 charge-discharge cycles. This significantly improved industry standards from the current range of 500 and 2,000 cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The new solution not only delays battery retirement but also slashes resource waste and pollution,\u0026#8221; said Gao. “Whether extending the battery lifespan or preventing large-scale waste and environmental pollution, this ‘precision treatment’ offers a viable technical solution,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298762/chinese-scientists-develop-injection-make-smartphone-and-ev-batteries-last-longer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eread\u003c/a\u003e a statement by Fudan University.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYou can view the study \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39939772/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ac:T45e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new technology relies on a lithium carrier molecule, which can be injected into old batteries to replenish lost lithium ions. Likened to precision surgery in human beings, this new method could extend battery life and offer important benefits for reducing battery waste and environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-surgery-for-lithium-batteries\"\u003eRegenerative \u0026#8216;surgery\u0026#8217; for lithium batteries\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Just like treating a human illness, we focused on repairing the battery\u0026#8217;s core issue while preserving its healthy components,\u0026#8221; Gao Yue from Fudan University explained. \u0026#8220;This carrier molecule can be \u0026#8216;injected\u0026#8217; into deteriorating batteries to precisely replenish lost lithium ions, providing a \u0026#8216;precision treatment\u0026#8217;,\u0026#8221; said Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The structure of this molecule is quite simple, with lithium electrons at one end and the rest of it acting like a vehicle that transports lithium electrons into the aging battery. The vehicle component is eventually discharged as gas,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ad:T7dc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eThe paper, published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature,\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e explained that a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elithium-ion battery\u003c/a\u003e consists of a cathode, anode, and active lithium ions in between. The study noted that a typical battery is retired when it loses too many ions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our approach is to retain the cathode and anode, which are still functional while addressing the problematic part. We aimed to develop a transformative functional material that provides precise lithium-ion replenishment to significantly extend a battery\u0026#8217;s life span,\u0026#8221; noted Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Big Problem of Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the team behind the technology, designing the carrier molecule was a significant challenge. With no existing examples, researchers had to use their imagination and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eartificial intelligence\u003c/a\u003e (AI).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-finding-the-right-carrier-molecule\"\u003eFinding the right carrier molecule\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team noted that any candidate molecule had to meet a complex set of requirements to work. These include dissolving well in the battery\u0026#8217;s existing electrolyte and participating in reactions without damaging the battery.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ae:T51e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt had to also be highly compatible with various active materials and electrolytes. To this end, the team used machine learning to identify potential candidates by digitizing molecular properties and utilizing extensive organic chemistry, electrochemistry, and materials engineering datasets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe result, CF3SO2Li, emerged as an ideal solution for the problem. It is relatively cheap, easy to make, and compatible with most mainstream batteries today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team found that batteries exposed to this new molecule retained near-production performance even after 12,000 to 60,000 charge-discharge cycles. This significantly improved industry standards from the current range of 500 and 2,000 cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The new solution not only delays battery retirement but also slashes resource waste and pollution,\u0026#8221; said Gao. “Whether extending the battery lifespan or preventing large-scale waste and environmental pollution, this ‘precision treatment’ offers a viable technical solution,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298762/chinese-scientists-develop-injection-make-smartphone-and-ev-batteries-last-longer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eread\u003c/a\u003e a statement by Fudan University.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"af:T1d9b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUnique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1\"},\"headline\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\"},\"wordCount\":484,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"3d\",\"4D\",\"Physics\",\"quasicrystal\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"name\":\"Unique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"contact@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b0:T11c3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA team of international researchers has shown that four-dimensional structures can influence the mechanical and topological properties of quasiperiodic crystals. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equasiperiodic crystal\u003c/a\u003e (also called quasicrystal) is a solid material with an ordered structure that never repeats exactly, like how it happens in regular crystals but follows specific mathematical rules.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crystal was first discovered in 1982 by an Israeli scientist Dan Shechtman. He proposed that a quasicrystal also has a repeating (periodic) structure, but not in the 3D space where we see it. Instead, its true periodic pattern exists in a higher-dimensional space, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elike 4D or beyond\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-getting-into-4d-via-quasicrystal-topology\"\u003eGetting into 4D via quasicrystal topology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors exposed a quasicrystal to electromagnetic waves and then studied the changes in their topology using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (2PPE).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNSOM is a technique that uses a tiny probe to scan a surface and capture super-detailed images, revealing features smaller than what normal light microscopes can capture.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e2PPE, on the other hand, reveals how electrons behave in materials by exciting them with two photons and measuring their energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the researchers employed these techniques to examine the interference patterns of electromagnetic waves on a quasicrystal’s surface. The way these waves moved and interfered with each other revealed hidden \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-would-a-4d-sphere-look-like-in-real-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efingerprints of the fourth dimension\u003c/a\u003e in the structure of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor instance, at first, the patterns looked different, but surprisingly their topological properties in 2D were identical to the extent that they couldn\u0026#8217;t be told apart. The only way to distinguish them was by referring to a higher-dimensional crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We discovered topological charge vectors in four dimensions (4D) that govern the real-space topology of 2D quasicrystals and reveal their inherent conservation laws,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-evidence-of-the-higher-dimension-influence\"\u003eMore evidence of the higher-dimension influence\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA couple of years after Dan Shechtman discovered quasicrystal, two scientists Paul Steinhardt and Dov Levine provided theoretical models and frameworks that explained the properties of such crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of their models suggests that quasicrystals can be understood as projections of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigher-dimensional\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures into three-dimensional space. So basically concepts from four-dimensional crystals can explain some of their properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors of the current study found something that resonates with Steinhardt and Levine’s theory. They noticed two noticed two surface waves appearing different and becoming identical within a timeframe of attoseconds (a billionth of a billionth of a second).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis finding hints that the surface wave patterns in 3D quasicrystals are influenced by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-beginners-guide-to-4d-that-will-make-sense-of-the-dimension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehidden 4D\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures. Hopefully, future studies will shed more light on this strange connection and open new doors to higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b1:T4d4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crystal was first discovered in 1982 by an Israeli scientist Dan Shechtman. He proposed that a quasicrystal also has a repeating (periodic) structure, but not in the 3D space where we see it. Instead, its true periodic pattern exists in a higher-dimensional space, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elike 4D or beyond\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-getting-into-4d-via-quasicrystal-topology\"\u003eGetting into 4D via quasicrystal topology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors exposed a quasicrystal to electromagnetic waves and then studied the changes in their topology using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (2PPE).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNSOM is a technique that uses a tiny probe to scan a surface and capture super-detailed images, revealing features smaller than what normal light microscopes can capture.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e2PPE, on the other hand, reveals how electrons behave in materials by exciting them with two photons and measuring their energy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b2:T56e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the researchers employed these techniques to examine the interference patterns of electromagnetic waves on a quasicrystal’s surface. The way these waves moved and interfered with each other revealed hidden \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-would-a-4d-sphere-look-like-in-real-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efingerprints of the fourth dimension\u003c/a\u003e in the structure of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor instance, at first, the patterns looked different, but surprisingly their topological properties in 2D were identical to the extent that they couldn\u0026#8217;t be told apart. The only way to distinguish them was by referring to a higher-dimensional crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We discovered topological charge vectors in four dimensions (4D) that govern the real-space topology of 2D quasicrystals and reveal their inherent conservation laws,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-evidence-of-the-higher-dimension-influence\"\u003eMore evidence of the higher-dimension influence\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA couple of years after Dan Shechtman discovered quasicrystal, two scientists Paul Steinhardt and Dov Levine provided theoretical models and frameworks that explained the properties of such crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b3:T4f1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of their models suggests that quasicrystals can be understood as projections of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigher-dimensional\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures into three-dimensional space. So basically concepts from four-dimensional crystals can explain some of their properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors of the current study found something that resonates with Steinhardt and Levine’s theory. They noticed two noticed two surface waves appearing different and becoming identical within a timeframe of attoseconds (a billionth of a billionth of a second).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis finding hints that the surface wave patterns in 3D quasicrystals are influenced by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-beginners-guide-to-4d-that-will-make-sense-of-the-dimension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehidden 4D\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures. Hopefully, future studies will shed more light on this strange connection and open new doors to higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b4:T1cac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS lab achieves 100x efficiency boost in laser-plasma accelerator\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have overcome long-standing challenges in laser-plasma acceleration by using a self-replenishing water target.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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content=\"2025-02-15T15:17:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:04:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Laser-Plasma-1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b5:T1092,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have achieved a significant milestone in laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey have generated fast, bright proton beams by using the power of a simple water stream.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough addresses long-standing challenges and brings LPA technology closer to real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These exciting results pave the way for new applications of relativistic high-power lasers for applications in medicine, accelerator research, and inertial fusion,” said Siegfried Glenzer, director of the High Energy Density Science division at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-challenges-of-lpas\"\u003eAddressing challenges of LPAs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/top-quark-vs-special-relativity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparticle accelerators\u003c/a\u003e, like synchrotrons, use electromagnets to generate these beams. However, their massive size limits their use in many settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLPAs offer a compact and cost-effective alternative, but they also face several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One challenge arises from the high-intensity laser, which destroys the targets after each pulse, requiring a new target for every shot,” explained the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Another issue is the beam divergence – proton beams produced by LPAs typically spread out like a floodlight rather than maintaining a narrow focus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new breakthrough aims to resolve these issues. This advance was made possible by using a thin stream of water instead of a solid target.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Instead of using a traditional solid target, they introduced a thin sheet of water – a self-regenerating stream that replenishes after each shot,” added the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eUnexpected benefits of water stream\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis self-regenerating water sheet not only eliminates the need for target replacement after each laser pulse but also unexpectedly enhances the proton beam\u0026#8217;s characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the high-intensity laser struck the water sheet, the resulting evaporated water formed a vapor cloud that interacted with the proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis interaction generated magnetic fields, which naturally focused the beam. This resulted in a significantly brighter and more tightly aligned proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to experiments using solid targets, the water sheet reduced beam divergence by an order of magnitude and increased efficiency by a factor of one hundred. The resulting proton beam exhibited remarkable stability as it operated consistently at five pulses per second over hundreds of laser shots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This effect was completely unexpected,” said Griffin Glenn, a Stanford University PhD student and the second author of the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the beam delivered the equivalent of 40 Gray with each shot, which is a standard radiation dosage used in proton therapies, a feat never before achieved with LPAs at this repetition rate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was accomplished using a readily available low-energy laser system, which marked a significant step towards practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eLeading to a paradigm shift\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This work has shifted the whole paradigm,” Glenzer \u003ca href=\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2025-02-10-innovative-target-design-leads-surprising-discovery-laser-plasma-acceleration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Finally, we are no longer totally reliant on simulations. We can now drive the physics from an experimental point of view, testing different laser intensities, target densities, and environmental pressures.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have achieved a significant milestone in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-laser-accelerates-electrons-10-gev\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elaser-plasma acceleration\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey successfully accelerated electrons to an energy of 10 billion electronvolts (10 GeV) within a distance of 30 centimeters (11.8 inches).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b6:T48d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-challenges-of-lpas\"\u003eAddressing challenges of LPAs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/top-quark-vs-special-relativity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparticle accelerators\u003c/a\u003e, like synchrotrons, use electromagnets to generate these beams. However, their massive size limits their use in many settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLPAs offer a compact and cost-effective alternative, but they also face several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One challenge arises from the high-intensity laser, which destroys the targets after each pulse, requiring a new target for every shot,” explained the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Another issue is the beam divergence – proton beams produced by LPAs typically spread out like a floodlight rather than maintaining a narrow focus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new breakthrough aims to resolve these issues. This advance was made possible by using a thin stream of water instead of a solid target.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Instead of using a traditional solid target, they introduced a thin sheet of water – a self-regenerating stream that replenishes after each shot,” added the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b7:T416,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eUnexpected benefits of water stream\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis self-regenerating water sheet not only eliminates the need for target replacement after each laser pulse but also unexpectedly enhances the proton beam\u0026#8217;s characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the high-intensity laser struck the water sheet, the resulting evaporated water formed a vapor cloud that interacted with the proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis interaction generated magnetic fields, which naturally focused the beam. This resulted in a significantly brighter and more tightly aligned proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to experiments using solid targets, the water sheet reduced beam divergence by an order of magnitude and increased efficiency by a factor of one hundred. The resulting proton beam exhibited remarkable stability as it operated consistently at five pulses per second over hundreds of laser shots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This effect was completely unexpected,” said Griffin Glenn, a Stanford University PhD student and the second author of the paper.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b8:T540,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the beam delivered the equivalent of 40 Gray with each shot, which is a standard radiation dosage used in proton therapies, a feat never before achieved with LPAs at this repetition rate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was accomplished using a readily available low-energy laser system, which marked a significant step towards practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eLeading to a paradigm shift\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This work has shifted the whole paradigm,” Glenzer \u003ca href=\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2025-02-10-innovative-target-design-leads-surprising-discovery-laser-plasma-acceleration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Finally, we are no longer totally reliant on simulations. We can now drive the physics from an experimental point of view, testing different laser intensities, target densities, and environmental pressures.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have achieved a significant milestone in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-laser-accelerates-electrons-10-gev\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elaser-plasma acceleration\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey successfully accelerated electrons to an energy of 10 billion electronvolts (10 GeV) within a distance of 30 centimeters (11.8 inches).\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b9:T1fa4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMeta to develop humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Meta is launching a dedicated division within Reality Labs to develop AI-powered humanoid robots designed to perform various physical tasks.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Meta to develop humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Meta is launching a dedicated division within Reality Labs to develop AI-powered humanoid robots designed to perform various physical tasks.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T14:58:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:02:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-humanoid-robots.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" 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If an internal company memo accessed by \u003cem\u003eReuters \u003c/em\u003eis to be believed, the California-based tech conglomerate is setting up a new division as part of its Reality Labs unit to develop humanoid robots, powered by AI, which can assist with physical tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the memo reviewed by \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e, Meta\u0026#8217;s chief technology officer Andrew Bosworth revealed that the robotics product group would focus on research and development of \u0026#8220;consumer humanoid robots\u0026#8221; aimed at maximizing its main series of AI foundation models called Llama. According to Bosworth, expanding the portfolio to invest in this field will bring additional value to Meta AI and its mixed and augmented reality programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-billions-invested-in-robotics\"\u003eBillions invested in robotics\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite billions in investment from major \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etech companies\u003c/a\u003e and startups into AI-powered humanoids for manufacturing, logistics, and household tasks, progress on the development of robots has been slow. Researchers have found that breakthroughs in language-related AI, which have driven chatbot development, have not necessarily improved robots\u0026#8217; understanding of the physical world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe memo underscores Meta\u0026#8217;s major investment in the Reality Labs unit—dedicated to developing technologies for future growth—despite facing significant financial losses since its inception. The unit incurred a loss of around $5 billion in the fourth quarter of last year, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/meta-plans-investments-into-ai-driven-humanoid-robots-memo-shows-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, Meta has been funding research into \u0026#8217;embodied AI\u0026#8217;, aiming to create AI assistants that can see, hear, and navigate the 3D physical world. The company’s top AI scientist, Yann LeCun, has also emphasized the limitations of language models and is working to develop new models that can better understand physical space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Meta plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise in the space\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles in November, although retail partners will remain the primary drivers of hardware sales volume.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new division will be led by Marc Whitten, former CEO of self-driving car company Cruise, who Meta has hired as vice president of robotics, Bosworth noted in the memo. He also mentioned that John Koryl has been hired as vice president of retail. Koryl, previously CEO of The RealReal, will help expand Meta’s direct-to-consumer sales of products like the Quest mixed reality headsets and Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses, which Meta makes with EssilorLuxottica.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-meta-to-compete-with-tesla\"\u003eMeta to compete with Tesla\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeta plans to develop its own humanoid robot hardware, initially focusing on household chores, while also aiming to create the AI, sensors, and software that can power robots made by various companies, \u003cem\u003eBloomberg\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-14/meta-plans-major-investment-into-ai-powered-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e. The tech giant has begun discussions with robotics firms like Unitree Robotics and Figure AI but does not plan to launch its own branded robot right away.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the long run, Meta will face stiff competition from the likes of Tesla, whose CEO Elon Musk had recently \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e that his company’s humanoid robot Optimus is capable of performing many daily tasks and will eventually be sold to customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTesla plans to deploy pre-production Optimus prototypes in its factories by late 2025, with production units expected to be available by 2026. During the current year, Tesla aims to have more than 1,000 robots in its manufacturing facilities, and Musk predicts that Optimus could help the company achieve a $25 trillion valuation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith production costs around $10,000 and a retail price of about $20,000 per unit, Tesla expects significant profitability. Musk also forecasts a global market for one billion robots annually, with the company capturing 10% of that market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bb:T5de,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-billions-invested-in-robotics\"\u003eBillions invested in robotics\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite billions in investment from major \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etech companies\u003c/a\u003e and startups into AI-powered humanoids for manufacturing, logistics, and household tasks, progress on the development of robots has been slow. Researchers have found that breakthroughs in language-related AI, which have driven chatbot development, have not necessarily improved robots\u0026#8217; understanding of the physical world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe memo underscores Meta\u0026#8217;s major investment in the Reality Labs unit—dedicated to developing technologies for future growth—despite facing significant financial losses since its inception. The unit incurred a loss of around $5 billion in the fourth quarter of last year, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/meta-plans-investments-into-ai-driven-humanoid-robots-memo-shows-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, Meta has been funding research into \u0026#8217;embodied AI\u0026#8217;, aiming to create AI assistants that can see, hear, and navigate the 3D physical world. The company’s top AI scientist, Yann LeCun, has also emphasized the limitations of language models and is working to develop new models that can better understand physical space.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bc:T7d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Meta plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise in the space\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles in November, although retail partners will remain the primary drivers of hardware sales volume.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new division will be led by Marc Whitten, former CEO of self-driving car company Cruise, who Meta has hired as vice president of robotics, Bosworth noted in the memo. He also mentioned that John Koryl has been hired as vice president of retail. Koryl, previously CEO of The RealReal, will help expand Meta’s direct-to-consumer sales of products like the Quest mixed reality headsets and Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses, which Meta makes with EssilorLuxottica.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-meta-to-compete-with-tesla\"\u003eMeta to compete with Tesla\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeta plans to develop its own humanoid robot hardware, initially focusing on household chores, while also aiming to create the AI, sensors, and software that can power robots made by various companies, \u003cem\u003eBloomberg\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-14/meta-plans-major-investment-into-ai-powered-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e. The tech giant has begun discussions with robotics firms like Unitree Robotics and Figure AI but does not plan to launch its own branded robot right away.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bd:T1e56,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFabric produces light, sound even after stretching, bending, twisting\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing electroluminescent (EL) displays.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" 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property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T14:38:09+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T14:42:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/fabric.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"be:T140e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have created a new type of electronic fabric that maintains consistent performance even when repeatedly stretched, bent, and twisted. It\u0026#8217;s also capable of producing bright light and clear sound while stretching to double its original size.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by researchers from the Korea University of Technology and Education and the University of California San Diego, the composite material combines three significant components (Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, was developed utilizing transparent ionogel electrodes and a high dielectric layer composed of Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sound-display-addresses-challenges-of-limited-stretchability-low-brightness\"\u003eSound display addresses challenges of limited stretchability, low brightness\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study, published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereveals\u003c/a\u003e the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computer-with-ordinary-display-and-laser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estretchable\u003c/a\u003e electroluminescent (EL) sound display that addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing EL displays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Triton X used in the material stores \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/world-first-transparent-laptop-lenovo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eelectrical\u003c/a\u003e energy more effectively and makes it more stretchable. When electricity passes through this composite, it causes the phosphor particles to emit light while simultaneously creating tiny vibrations that produce sound waves, according to a report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-remains-stable-when-stretched-to-200-of-its-original-length\"\u003eMaterial remains stable when stretched to 200% of its original length\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter – brighter than many smartphone screens – and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2025/hyundai-mobis-full-windshield-holographic-display\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenerates\u003c/a\u003e sound at 73.7 decibels. This is within the range of normal conversation volume, though perceived loudness can vary depending on distance and environment. These capabilities remain stable even when the material is stretched to 200% of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoriginal length\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis design, featuring stretchable transparent ionogel electrodes sandwiching the high-dielectric-constant emissive layer, enables facile fabrication of stretchable sound \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/futuristic-bus-goldmedals-2m-showroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edisplays\u003c/a\u003e that demonstrate unprecedented performance: exceptional brightness, stretchability, and acoustic output. Remarkably, both the electroluminescence and acoustic performance of the display remain stable under various types of mechanical deformations, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers demonstrated a stretchable multicolored textile sound display that can be pixelated and achieve remarkably stable light and clear sound generation even when it is stretched. The display also illuminated letters, emitted various colors of light, and generated sound simultaneously without performance degradation despite being stretched.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-avenues-for-the-human-machine-interface-applications\"\u003eNew avenues for the human–machine interface applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that their groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eapproach\u003c/a\u003e opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications, particularly in wearable displays and smart textiles, enabling intuitive communication in next-generation interactive systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists maintained that the strategic incorporation of Triton X in the emissive layer induces polarization and plasticization of Ecoflex, resulting in a high dielectric constant, minimal leakage current, and superior stretchability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eReports\u003c/a\u003e revealed that the current version requires operating voltages of 400-500 volts to achieve optimal performance. The research team continues working to reduce these voltage requirements while maintaining brightness and sound quality. They are also developing more sophisticated control systems for complex visual patterns and audio output.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bf:Taaa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sound-display-addresses-challenges-of-limited-stretchability-low-brightness\"\u003eSound display addresses challenges of limited stretchability, low brightness\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study, published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereveals\u003c/a\u003e the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computer-with-ordinary-display-and-laser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estretchable\u003c/a\u003e electroluminescent (EL) sound display that addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing EL displays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Triton X used in the material stores \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/world-first-transparent-laptop-lenovo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eelectrical\u003c/a\u003e energy more effectively and makes it more stretchable. When electricity passes through this composite, it causes the phosphor particles to emit light while simultaneously creating tiny vibrations that produce sound waves, according to a report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-remains-stable-when-stretched-to-200-of-its-original-length\"\u003eMaterial remains stable when stretched to 200% of its original length\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter – brighter than many smartphone screens – and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2025/hyundai-mobis-full-windshield-holographic-display\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenerates\u003c/a\u003e sound at 73.7 decibels. This is within the range of normal conversation volume, though perceived loudness can vary depending on distance and environment. These capabilities remain stable even when the material is stretched to 200% of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoriginal length\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis design, featuring stretchable transparent ionogel electrodes sandwiching the high-dielectric-constant emissive layer, enables facile fabrication of stretchable sound \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/futuristic-bus-goldmedals-2m-showroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edisplays\u003c/a\u003e that demonstrate unprecedented performance: exceptional brightness, stretchability, and acoustic output. Remarkably, both the electroluminescence and acoustic performance of the display remain stable under various types of mechanical deformations, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c0:T673,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers demonstrated a stretchable multicolored textile sound display that can be pixelated and achieve remarkably stable light and clear sound generation even when it is stretched. The display also illuminated letters, emitted various colors of light, and generated sound simultaneously without performance degradation despite being stretched.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-avenues-for-the-human-machine-interface-applications\"\u003eNew avenues for the human–machine interface applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that their groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eapproach\u003c/a\u003e opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications, particularly in wearable displays and smart textiles, enabling intuitive communication in next-generation interactive systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists maintained that the strategic incorporation of Triton X in the emissive layer induces polarization and plasticization of Ecoflex, resulting in a high dielectric constant, minimal leakage current, and superior stretchability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eReports\u003c/a\u003e revealed that the current version requires operating voltages of 400-500 volts to achieve optimal performance. The research team continues working to reduce these voltage requirements while maintaining brightness and sound quality. They are also developing more sophisticated control systems for complex visual patterns and audio output.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c1:T1f06,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Extraterrestrial Power\u0026#039;s new innovation allows space-grade solar cells to be mass produced alongside terrestrial solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Extraterrestrial Power\u0026#039;s new innovation allows space-grade solar cells to be mass produced alongside terrestrial solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:19:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"402\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c2:T1396,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c3:T548,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c4:T8d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c5:T1cbf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMarvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"wordCount\":1796,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. 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Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c7:Tad7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c8:Taa9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c9:Td5a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ca:T8fd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cb:T92e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cc:T8e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cd:Tf3d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ce:T98c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cf:T217f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eTelescope spots first ever 220 million billion electron volt neutrino\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The researchers state that the discovery of this extremely high-energy neutrino is the first concrete proof that the universe produces neutrinos at these incredible energy levels. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Telescope spots first ever 220 million billion electron volt neutrino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The researchers state that the discovery of this extremely high-energy neutrino is the first concrete proof that the universe produces neutrinos at these incredible energy levels. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-12T16:02:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-12T14:08:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-10.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-10.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-10.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uSxhDP3D2Rk\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"393\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-12T16:02:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d0:T13ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn February 2023, a deep sea detector detected evidence of a cataclysmic cosmic event.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA neutrino with an estimated energy of 220 PeV – that\u0026#8217;s 220 million billion electron volts – slammed into the seawater near the detector. The event designated KM3-230213A is the “most energetic neutrino” ever observed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers state that the discovery of this extremely high-energy neutrino is the first concrete proof that the universe produces neutrinos at these incredible energy levels. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe observations were made by the Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) located at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ARCA detector makes its home 3450 meters below the surface — roughly 80 kilometers offshore from Portopalo di Capo Passero, Sicily.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This first-ever detection of a neutrino of hundreds of PeV opens a new chapter in neutrino astronomy and a new observational window on the Universe,” said Paschal Coyle, a researcher at CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elusive-neutrino-detection\"\u003eElusive neutrino detection\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeutrinos are elusive particles that carry vital clues about the universe\u0026#8217;s most energetic and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-advances-underwater-neutrino-research\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eviolent events\u003c/a\u003e like supernovas, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese powerful objects accelerate particles into what we call cosmic rays. The cosmic rays can collide with matter or light near their source, creating neutrinos and photons.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these particles are extremely difficult to detect because they barely interact with matter.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neutrinos are one of the most mysterious of elementary particles. They have no electric charge, almost no mass and interact only weakly with matter. They are special cosmic messengers, bringing us unique information on the mechanisms involved in the most energetic phenomena and allowing us to explore the farthest reaches of the Universe,” said Rosa Coniglione, researcher at the INFN National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Italy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this event, the KM3NeT detector registered a single crossing muon. The muon\u0026#8217;s path and immense energy strongly suggest it originated from such a neutrino interaction. Muon is a subatomic particle similar to an electron, but much heavier.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the first image of a black hole was captured\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uSxhDP3D2Rk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-its-source-remains-mystery\"\u003eIts source remains mystery \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKM3NeT, a massive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/particle-physics-standard-model-neutrino\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eneutrino\u003c/a\u003e telescope currently being built in the deep sea, will consist of two detectors, ARCA and ORCA. When complete, it will span over a cubic kilometer. The immense size of the detector is crucial, as neutrinos interact only weakly with matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe telescope detects neutrinos by capturing the Cherenkov light, a bluish glow produced when the particles interact with seawater.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“To determine the direction and energy of this neutrino required a precise calibration of the telescope and sophisticated track reconstruction algorithms,\u0026#8221; said Aart Heijboer, a researcher at Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, The Netherlands.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Furthermore, this remarkable detection was achieved with only one tenth of the final configuration of the detector, demonstrating the great potential of our experiment for the study of neutrinos and for neutrino astronomy,” added Heijboer in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1072988?\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis extremely high-energy neutrino could come directly from a powerful cosmic source or be the first-ever detection of a cosmogenic neutrino (created by cosmic rays interacting with the cosmic microwave background).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, with only one event, it\u0026#8217;s impossible to know for sure. Scientists hope to detect more of these neutrinos to determine their origin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08543-1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d1:T4df,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe observations were made by the Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) located at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ARCA detector makes its home 3450 meters below the surface — roughly 80 kilometers offshore from Portopalo di Capo Passero, Sicily.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This first-ever detection of a neutrino of hundreds of PeV opens a new chapter in neutrino astronomy and a new observational window on the Universe,” said Paschal Coyle, a researcher at CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elusive-neutrino-detection\"\u003eElusive neutrino detection\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeutrinos are elusive particles that carry vital clues about the universe\u0026#8217;s most energetic and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-advances-underwater-neutrino-research\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eviolent events\u003c/a\u003e like supernovas, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese powerful objects accelerate particles into what we call cosmic rays. The cosmic rays can collide with matter or light near their source, creating neutrinos and photons.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d2:T748,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these particles are extremely difficult to detect because they barely interact with matter.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neutrinos are one of the most mysterious of elementary particles. They have no electric charge, almost no mass and interact only weakly with matter. They are special cosmic messengers, bringing us unique information on the mechanisms involved in the most energetic phenomena and allowing us to explore the farthest reaches of the Universe,” said Rosa Coniglione, researcher at the INFN National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Italy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this event, the KM3NeT detector registered a single crossing muon. The muon\u0026#8217;s path and immense energy strongly suggest it originated from such a neutrino interaction. Muon is a subatomic particle similar to an electron, but much heavier.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the first image of a black hole was captured\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uSxhDP3D2Rk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-its-source-remains-mystery\"\u003eIts source remains mystery \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKM3NeT, a massive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/particle-physics-standard-model-neutrino\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eneutrino\u003c/a\u003e telescope currently being built in the deep sea, will consist of two detectors, ARCA and ORCA. When complete, it will span over a cubic kilometer. The immense size of the detector is crucial, as neutrinos interact only weakly with matter.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d3:T41a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe telescope detects neutrinos by capturing the Cherenkov light, a bluish glow produced when the particles interact with seawater.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“To determine the direction and energy of this neutrino required a precise calibration of the telescope and sophisticated track reconstruction algorithms,\u0026#8221; said Aart Heijboer, a researcher at Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, The Netherlands.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Furthermore, this remarkable detection was achieved with only one tenth of the final configuration of the detector, demonstrating the great potential of our experiment for the study of neutrinos and for neutrino astronomy,” added Heijboer in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1072988?\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis extremely high-energy neutrino could come directly from a powerful cosmic source or be the first-ever detection of a cosmogenic neutrino (created by cosmic rays interacting with the cosmic microwave background).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d4:T1e65,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e2024 YR4: China, NASA scramble to track ‘highest-risk’ asteroid\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Although the collision chance is small, the potential consequences are significant enough to trigger a global response.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-11T13:03:37+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-11T13:03:45+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-6.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"372\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-11T13:03:37+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d5:T1398,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA potentially hazardous asteroid, 2024 YR4, has been discovered, and it\u0026#8217;s got the world\u0026#8217;s attention.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth China and the US are ramping up efforts to monitor this asteroid, which has a tiny chance of impacting Earth in 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the collision chance is small, the potential consequences are significant enough to trigger a global response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis asteroid, estimated to be between 40 and 90 meters in diameter, was first spotted in December 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe European Space Agency has even listed it as the highest-risk asteroid on their watch list, with a 2.2% chance of impact in 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The chance of impact is very slim, and the asteroid is small enough that the effects of any potential impact would be on a local scale, but the situation is significant enough to warrant the attention of the global planetary defense community,” the ESA noted in a \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/2025/02/10/james-webb-space-telescope-will-study-asteroid-2024-yr4/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eblog.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs of February 10, 2025, the asteroid is expected to miss Earth by a wide margin (98% chance) on December 22, 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-determining-asteroid-s-size\"\u003eDetermining asteroid\u0026#8217;s size\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, the biggest challenge for astronomers is precisely determining its orbit and size. These factors are crucial to understanding the true threat it poses. A bright, small \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003easteroid\u003c/a\u003e can look the same as a dimmer, larger one.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent size estimates are based on reflected light, which isn\u0026#8217;t very reliable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dangerous asteroid will be the target of observations by the James Webb Space Telescope. Astronomers will use the powerful telescope to gain insights into the asteroid’s size and orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWebb isn\u0026#8217;t limited to visible light. It can see in infrared, which is heat.\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eBy measuring the heat radiated by the asteroid, Webb’s MIRI instrument can provide a much more accurate measurement of its size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe data will then be used by space agencies like ESA and NASA to better assess the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-could-strike-earth-experts-warn\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eimpact risk\u003c/a\u003e and plan any necessary response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImmediate observation is required as the asteroid will soon be out of view until 2028, leaving a small, lingering risk. Therefore, urgent observation and analysis are vital.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe asteroid will be observed in two rounds. The first is in early March when the asteroid is brightest, and the second is in May. The May observations will help determine how the asteroid\u0026#8217;s temperature changes as it moves away from the Sun and finalize its orbital measurements until it\u0026#8217;s visible again in 2028.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-china-assembling-defense-team\"\u003eChina assembling defense team \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNations around the world are taking this threat seriously.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, China is reportedly “assembling a planetary defense team” and developing plans for a mission to deflect potentially hazardous asteroids.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShortly after the discovery of the asteroid, China\u0026#8217;s State Administration of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defence began recruiting for a \u0026#8220;planetary defense post.\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298116/china-builds-planetary-defence-team-concerns-grow-over-2024-yr4-asteroid\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported that they are seeking individuals to fill three roles within their special projects center.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, China revealed a preliminary plan for its first asteroid defense mission expected to launch in 2030. The mission involves observing a near-Earth asteroid and then impacting it with a spacecraft to change its trajectory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is similar to what NASA tried with its DART mission in 2022.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf this asteroid poses a significant threat of collision with Earth, then NASA and China could consider deflecting it by crashing spacecraft into it, thereby altering its orbit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d6:T5fa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe European Space Agency has even listed it as the highest-risk asteroid on their watch list, with a 2.2% chance of impact in 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The chance of impact is very slim, and the asteroid is small enough that the effects of any potential impact would be on a local scale, but the situation is significant enough to warrant the attention of the global planetary defense community,” the ESA noted in a \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/2025/02/10/james-webb-space-telescope-will-study-asteroid-2024-yr4/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eblog.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs of February 10, 2025, the asteroid is expected to miss Earth by a wide margin (98% chance) on December 22, 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-determining-asteroid-s-size\"\u003eDetermining asteroid\u0026#8217;s size\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, the biggest challenge for astronomers is precisely determining its orbit and size. These factors are crucial to understanding the true threat it poses. A bright, small \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003easteroid\u003c/a\u003e can look the same as a dimmer, larger one.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent size estimates are based on reflected light, which isn\u0026#8217;t very reliable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dangerous asteroid will be the target of observations by the James Webb Space Telescope. Astronomers will use the powerful telescope to gain insights into the asteroid’s size and orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d7:T6d0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWebb isn\u0026#8217;t limited to visible light. It can see in infrared, which is heat.\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eBy measuring the heat radiated by the asteroid, Webb’s MIRI instrument can provide a much more accurate measurement of its size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe data will then be used by space agencies like ESA and NASA to better assess the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-could-strike-earth-experts-warn\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eimpact risk\u003c/a\u003e and plan any necessary response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImmediate observation is required as the asteroid will soon be out of view until 2028, leaving a small, lingering risk. Therefore, urgent observation and analysis are vital.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe asteroid will be observed in two rounds. The first is in early March when the asteroid is brightest, and the second is in May. The May observations will help determine how the asteroid\u0026#8217;s temperature changes as it moves away from the Sun and finalize its orbital measurements until it\u0026#8217;s visible again in 2028.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-china-assembling-defense-team\"\u003eChina assembling defense team \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNations around the world are taking this threat seriously.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d8:T4d0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, China is reportedly “assembling a planetary defense team” and developing plans for a mission to deflect potentially hazardous asteroids.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShortly after the discovery of the asteroid, China\u0026#8217;s State Administration of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defence began recruiting for a \u0026#8220;planetary defense post.\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298116/china-builds-planetary-defence-team-concerns-grow-over-2024-yr4-asteroid\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported that they are seeking individuals to fill three roles within their special projects center.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, China revealed a preliminary plan for its first asteroid defense mission expected to launch in 2030. The mission involves observing a near-Earth asteroid and then impacting it with a spacecraft to change its trajectory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is similar to what NASA tried with its DART mission in 2022.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf this asteroid poses a significant threat of collision with Earth, then NASA and China could consider deflecting it by crashing spacecraft into it, thereby altering its orbit.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d9:T1e68,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSpace debris striking planes could become a deadly reality: Study\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A new study from the University of British Columbia reveals the growing danger of falling space debris striking an airplane.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" 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property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-10T09:31:42+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-10T09:37:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE_de219e.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading 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While such an incident hasn\u0026#8217;t occurred yet, the potential consequences could be devastating.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the University of British Columbia have modeled the paths of falling rocket bodies and compared them to global flight data.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the explosion of satellite launches, like SpaceX\u0026#8217;s Starlink, and ever-increasing air traffic, the risk of a collision is rising rapidly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Uncontrolled reentries of space objects create a collision risk with aircraft in flight. While the probability of a strike is low, the consequences could be catastrophic. Moreover, the risk is rising due to increases in both reentries and flights,” the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-accelerating-threat\"\u003eAccelerating threat \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe increasing number of satellites in orbit leads to a greater potential for objects to break apart or become defunct, thus increasing space debris.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSatellites eventually fall back to Earth. While many burn up harmlessly in the atmosphere, some pieces can survive reentry and pose a risk to aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany private companies have been rapidly launching satellites to form huge constellations in orbit, which could further exacerbate the problem in the coming years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study revealed that over 2,300 rocket bodies are currently orbiting Earth and are destined to re-enter the atmosphere uncontrolled.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The highest-density regions, around major airports, have a 0.8% chance per year of being affected by an uncontrolled reentry,\u0026#8221; the study noted. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis rate rises to 26% for larger but still busy areas of airspace, such as that found in the northeastern United States, northern Europe, or around major cities in the Asia-Pacific region.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Space debris: A problem that’s only getting bigger\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eeQnv_IWttw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-even-small-debris-pieces-could-pose-a-threat\"\u003eEven small debris pieces could pose a threat \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencealert.com/the-risk-of-space-junk-hitting-planes-is-rising-in-the-era-of-spacex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eScience Alert\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported that even small pieces of debris, as little as one gram, can cause significant damage to a plane\u0026#8217;s windshield or engine.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Aerospace Corporation estimated the chance of a plane being hit by space debris at nearly 1 in 100,000 in 2021 – a risk that\u0026#8217;s far too high.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem is compounded by the difficulty in tracking these falling objects. This often forces authorities to close large swathes of airspace as a precaution, causing flight delays and cancellations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe “situation puts national authorities in a dilemma—to close airspace or not—with safety and economic implications either way,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was evident in 2022 with the re-entry of the Long March 5B rocket body. Fortunately, the rocket ultimately landed in the ocean. However, the incident raised concerns about the safety of populated areas and the need for improved strategies to mitigate the risks posed by uncontrolled re-entries.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers propose controlled rocket reentry as a solution to the space debris problem. Currently, this type of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/space-junk-future-danger-we-can-clean-it\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etechnology\u003c/a\u003e is reportedly used in less than 35% of launches. This would allow for targeted and safer re-entries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe situation is only getting worse. Incidents like the large piece of space debris that crashed through a Florida home last year demonstrate the real and present danger.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAirspace authorities will face the challenge of uncontrolled reentries for decades to come, the study warned. The experts highlight that there needs to be urgent government and private sector collaboration. It shouldn\u0026#8217;t take a disaster to force action.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84001-2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eScientific Reports.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"db:T41b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the explosion of satellite launches, like SpaceX\u0026#8217;s Starlink, and ever-increasing air traffic, the risk of a collision is rising rapidly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Uncontrolled reentries of space objects create a collision risk with aircraft in flight. While the probability of a strike is low, the consequences could be catastrophic. Moreover, the risk is rising due to increases in both reentries and flights,” the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-accelerating-threat\"\u003eAccelerating threat \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe increasing number of satellites in orbit leads to a greater potential for objects to break apart or become defunct, thus increasing space debris.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSatellites eventually fall back to Earth. While many burn up harmlessly in the atmosphere, some pieces can survive reentry and pose a risk to aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany private companies have been rapidly launching satellites to form huge constellations in orbit, which could further exacerbate the problem in the coming years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dc:T795,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study revealed that over 2,300 rocket bodies are currently orbiting Earth and are destined to re-enter the atmosphere uncontrolled.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The highest-density regions, around major airports, have a 0.8% chance per year of being affected by an uncontrolled reentry,\u0026#8221; the study noted. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis rate rises to 26% for larger but still busy areas of airspace, such as that found in the northeastern United States, northern Europe, or around major cities in the Asia-Pacific region.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Space debris: A problem that’s only getting bigger\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eeQnv_IWttw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-even-small-debris-pieces-could-pose-a-threat\"\u003eEven small debris pieces could pose a threat \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencealert.com/the-risk-of-space-junk-hitting-planes-is-rising-in-the-era-of-spacex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eScience Alert\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported that even small pieces of debris, as little as one gram, can cause significant damage to a plane\u0026#8217;s windshield or engine.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Aerospace Corporation estimated the chance of a plane being hit by space debris at nearly 1 in 100,000 in 2021 – a risk that\u0026#8217;s far too high.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem is compounded by the difficulty in tracking these falling objects. This often forces authorities to close large swathes of airspace as a precaution, causing flight delays and cancellations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dd:T1fc7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#039;s protective shell damaged in drone strike\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Russia of damaging the radiation containment shelter at Chernobyl. Moscow has denied involvement.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#039;s protective shell damaged in drone strike\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Russia of damaging the radiation containment shelter at Chernobyl. Moscow has denied involvement.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#8217;s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\"},\"wordCount\":534,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Chernobyl\",\"Drones\",\"IAEA\",\"Nuclear plant\",\"nuclear war\",\"Russia\",\"Ukraine\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"name\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor's protective shell damaged in drone strike\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Russia of damaging the radiation containment shelter at Chernobyl. 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He blamed Russia for the strike.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the aftermath of the event, Chernobyl’s chief engineer Oleksandr Tytarchuk stated that the shelter is no longer fulfilling its protective function following the damage. He warned of a potential risk of radioactive substances being released. Although the situation was under control according to Tytarchuk, he noted that repairs could require significant time and effort. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Kyiv accused Russia of carrying out the attack, Moscow has denied any involvement. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov refuted Zelensky\u0026#8217;s allegations, suggesting that it was likely a provocation, pointing out that Kyiv is known for such actions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iaea-confirms-drone-strike-no-radiation-leak\"\u003eIAEA confirms drone strike, no radiation leak\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed that the drone strike did not penetrate the plant’s inner containment shell. The agency reported that radiation levels at the decommissioned plant in the Kyiv region, known for the world’s worst nuclear disaster, remain unchanged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the IAEA, its team stationed at Ukraine’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChernobyl\u003c/a\u003e nuclear plant heard an explosion and was informed that a drone had struck the protective outer shell early Friday. The organization did not attribute blame but confirmed that the strike punched a hole in the structure and briefly ignited a fire, \u003cem\u003eAP\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-chernobyl-zelenskyy-71d781dbd66754d0a548edd388f3447a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This shelter was built by Ukraine together with other countries of Europe and the world, together with America – all those committed to real security for humanity. The only country in the world that attacks such sites, occupies nuclear power plants, and wages war without any regard for the consequences is today’s Russia. This is a terrorist threat to the entire world,” President Zelensky \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e in a statement on X.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-clashes-near-nuclear-plants-fuel-catastrophe-fears\"\u003eClashes near nuclear plants fuel catastrophe fears\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClashes near nuclear power plants have repeatedly sparked fears of a nuclear catastrophe throughout the three years of war, especially in a country where memories of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster remain vivid. That incident claimed at least 30 lives and released radioactive fallout across much of the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fire-at-europes-largest-nuclear-plant?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZaporizhzhia\u003c/a\u003e nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe, has been targeted by drones at times during the conflict but has not suffered significant damage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the latest incident in the Chernobyl plant, photographs posted by Andriy Yermak, the chief of staff to the Ukrainian president, appeared to show a small fire near the top of the New Safe Confinement shelter, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-drone-attack-damages-chornobyl-nuclear-plants-shelter-zelenskiy-says-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. Ukraine\u0026#8217;s SBU security service also released images of what it claimed was the drone, which it said was armed with a high-explosive warhead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Britain\u0026#039;s Biggest Nuclear Disaster Will Take 100 Years to Clear\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1_rp28wsN0E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompleted in 2019, the massive arched steel and concrete structure was built to cover an older Soviet-era version that had significantly deteriorated. Standing 108 metres high (354 feet) and 162 metres long, it spans 257 metres and is designed to last at least 100 years, according to the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. The project cost $1.6 billion and was funded by 45 donor countries and institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"df:T553,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Kyiv accused Russia of carrying out the attack, Moscow has denied any involvement. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov refuted Zelensky\u0026#8217;s allegations, suggesting that it was likely a provocation, pointing out that Kyiv is known for such actions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iaea-confirms-drone-strike-no-radiation-leak\"\u003eIAEA confirms drone strike, no radiation leak\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed that the drone strike did not penetrate the plant’s inner containment shell. The agency reported that radiation levels at the decommissioned plant in the Kyiv region, known for the world’s worst nuclear disaster, remain unchanged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the IAEA, its team stationed at Ukraine’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChernobyl\u003c/a\u003e nuclear plant heard an explosion and was informed that a drone had struck the protective outer shell early Friday. The organization did not attribute blame but confirmed that the strike punched a hole in the structure and briefly ignited a fire, \u003cem\u003eAP\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-chernobyl-zelenskyy-71d781dbd66754d0a548edd388f3447a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e0:T546,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This shelter was built by Ukraine together with other countries of Europe and the world, together with America – all those committed to real security for humanity. The only country in the world that attacks such sites, occupies nuclear power plants, and wages war without any regard for the consequences is today’s Russia. This is a terrorist threat to the entire world,” President Zelensky \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e in a statement on X.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-clashes-near-nuclear-plants-fuel-catastrophe-fears\"\u003eClashes near nuclear plants fuel catastrophe fears\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClashes near nuclear power plants have repeatedly sparked fears of a nuclear catastrophe throughout the three years of war, especially in a country where memories of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster remain vivid. That incident claimed at least 30 lives and released radioactive fallout across much of the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fire-at-europes-largest-nuclear-plant?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZaporizhzhia\u003c/a\u003e nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe, has been targeted by drones at times during the conflict but has not suffered significant damage.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e1:T647,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the latest incident in the Chernobyl plant, photographs posted by Andriy Yermak, the chief of staff to the Ukrainian president, appeared to show a small fire near the top of the New Safe Confinement shelter, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-drone-attack-damages-chornobyl-nuclear-plants-shelter-zelenskiy-says-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. Ukraine\u0026#8217;s SBU security service also released images of what it claimed was the drone, which it said was armed with a high-explosive warhead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Britain\u0026#039;s Biggest Nuclear Disaster Will Take 100 Years to Clear\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1_rp28wsN0E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompleted in 2019, the massive arched steel and concrete structure was built to cover an older Soviet-era version that had significantly deteriorated. Standing 108 metres high (354 feet) and 162 metres long, it spans 257 metres and is designed to last at least 100 years, according to the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. The project cost $1.6 billion and was funded by 45 donor countries and institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e2:T1e58,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e2,000-year-old London\u0026#039;s first Roman basilica unearthed beneath office\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Archaeologists have unearthed a remarkably preserved Roman basilica beneath a London office building in an astonishing discovery.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/london-first-roman-basilica\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#039;s first Roman basilica unearthed beneath office\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Archaeologists have unearthed a remarkably preserved Roman basilica beneath a London office building in an astonishing discovery.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/london-first-roman-basilica\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T12:04:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T12:05:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screen-Shot-2025-02-15-at-4.16.52-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/london-first-roman-basilica#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/london-first-roman-basilica\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#8217;s first Roman basilica unearthed in \u0026#8216;extraordinary\u0026#8217; 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Its scale served as a powerful symbol of Roman authority, showcasing their control over social, commercial, and political life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This is one of the most significant discoveries made in the city in recent years,” says Sophie Jackson, MOLA Director of Development. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe existence of a 2000-year-old Roman basilica in the area near Leadenhall Market was already suspected, but the exceptional state of preservation astonished the archaeological team.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The levels of preservation of the Basilica have far exceeded our expectations, and we have possibly the most important part of the building,\u0026#8221; Jackson explains. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-143202\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA reconstruction drawing of the first London Forum / ©Peter Marsden\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-roman-tribunal-where-london-s-history-was-made\"\u003eThe Roman Tribunal: where London\u0026#8217;s history was made\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter digging test pits into the ground around the estimated location of walls and foundations, the researchers discovered that their calculations yielded \u0026#8220;extraordinary\u0026#8221; results: massive foundations and walls made of flint, ragstone, and Roman tiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearch and previous excavations had suggested that the building might have stood at the northern end of the first Roman Basilica. However, they were \u0026#8220;unprepared\u0026#8221; for the scale and significance of their find.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the unearthed structures measured up to 32 feet long, indicating they were part of the Tribunal. This raised platform was where prominent Roman officials conducted official business and shaped the course of London\u0026#8217;s history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It\u0026#8217;s the place you came to do business, to get your court case sorted out, it\u0026#8217;s where laws were made, and it\u0026#8217;s where decisions were made about London, but also about the rest of the country,\u0026#8221; Jackson told the \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe two-story basilica overlooked bustling markets, vibrant festivals, and important public gatherings. However, despite its imposing presence, it was soon deemed insufficient for the growing Roman settlement. Within two decades, it was replaced by an even grander forum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-renovation-project-that-will-incorporate-ruins\"\u003eA renovation project that will incorporate ruins \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe remarkable discovery was made during an archaeological investigation commissioned by Hertshten Properties, who plan to redevelop their commercial building at 85 Gracechurch Street. MOLA was tasked with ensuring no \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/lead-lowered-iq-roman-empire-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehistorically\u003c/a\u003e significant remains were disturbed during construction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecognizing the value of the find, Hertshten Properties now aims to incorporate the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/hundreds-of-gold-silver-coins-found\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eRoman\u003c/a\u003e ruins into their renovation plans. In collaboration with MOLA and the London Museum, they envision a new public exhibition space that will offer visitors an immersive experience of Roman London.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To actually see people using and enjoying the space, moving through the public hall and down to see the remains, will be absolutely incredible,\u0026#8221; James Taylor from architecture firm Woods Bagot told \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2jdnv0ywyo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press release \u003ca href=\"https://www.mola.org.uk/discoveries/news/uncovering-heart-roman-london\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcludes\u003c/a\u003e by stating that, pending approval of the new plans, further excavations will continue in the spring of 2025. The site likely holds more secrets from this pivotal period in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/females-dominated-in-iron-age-britain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLondon\u0026#8217;s history\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e4:T83c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This is one of the most significant discoveries made in the city in recent years,” says Sophie Jackson, MOLA Director of Development. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe existence of a 2000-year-old Roman basilica in the area near Leadenhall Market was already suspected, but the exceptional state of preservation astonished the archaeological team.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The levels of preservation of the Basilica have far exceeded our expectations, and we have possibly the most important part of the building,\u0026#8221; Jackson explains. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-143202\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/firstlondonforum_c.petermarsden_3.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA reconstruction drawing of the first London Forum / ©Peter Marsden\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-roman-tribunal-where-london-s-history-was-made\"\u003eThe Roman Tribunal: where London\u0026#8217;s history was made\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter digging test pits into the ground around the estimated location of walls and foundations, the researchers discovered that their calculations yielded \u0026#8220;extraordinary\u0026#8221; results: massive foundations and walls made of flint, ragstone, and Roman tiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearch and previous excavations had suggested that the building might have stood at the northern end of the first Roman Basilica. However, they were \u0026#8220;unprepared\u0026#8221; for the scale and significance of their find.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e5:T551,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the unearthed structures measured up to 32 feet long, indicating they were part of the Tribunal. This raised platform was where prominent Roman officials conducted official business and shaped the course of London\u0026#8217;s history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It\u0026#8217;s the place you came to do business, to get your court case sorted out, it\u0026#8217;s where laws were made, and it\u0026#8217;s where decisions were made about London, but also about the rest of the country,\u0026#8221; Jackson told the \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe two-story basilica overlooked bustling markets, vibrant festivals, and important public gatherings. However, despite its imposing presence, it was soon deemed insufficient for the growing Roman settlement. Within two decades, it was replaced by an even grander forum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-renovation-project-that-will-incorporate-ruins\"\u003eA renovation project that will incorporate ruins \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe remarkable discovery was made during an archaeological investigation commissioned by Hertshten Properties, who plan to redevelop their commercial building at 85 Gracechurch Street. MOLA was tasked with ensuring no \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/lead-lowered-iq-roman-empire-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehistorically\u003c/a\u003e significant remains were disturbed during construction.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e6:T71a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecognizing the value of the find, Hertshten Properties now aims to incorporate the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/hundreds-of-gold-silver-coins-found\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eRoman\u003c/a\u003e ruins into their renovation plans. In collaboration with MOLA and the London Museum, they envision a new public exhibition space that will offer visitors an immersive experience of Roman London.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To actually see people using and enjoying the space, moving through the public hall and down to see the remains, will be absolutely incredible,\u0026#8221; James Taylor from architecture firm Woods Bagot told \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2jdnv0ywyo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press release \u003ca href=\"https://www.mola.org.uk/discoveries/news/uncovering-heart-roman-london\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcludes\u003c/a\u003e by stating that, pending approval of the new plans, further excavations will continue in the spring of 2025. The site likely holds more secrets from this pivotal period in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/females-dominated-in-iron-age-britain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLondon\u0026#8217;s history\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e7:T1c5c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eToyota\u0026#039;s new fuel cell offers 2x more durability, 20% more range\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Toyota\u0026#039;s new fuel cell delivers 20% more cruising range and offers two times more durability than the prior generation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/toyota-new-fuel-cell-more-range\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Toyota\u0026#039;s new fuel cell offers 2x more durability, 20% more range\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Toyota\u0026#039;s new fuel cell delivers 20% more cruising range and offers two times more durability than the prior generation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/toyota-new-fuel-cell-more-range\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T11:20:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T11:21:05+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/toyotah.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/toyota-new-fuel-cell-more-range#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/toyota-new-fuel-cell-more-range\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e8:T1164,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eToyota, a leading Japanese automaker, has launched its third-generation fuel cell system (3rd Gen FC System) that delivers two times more durability than the prior generation. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToyota\u0026#8217;s new fuel cell also delivers 20% more cruising range. This advanced system has been launched as part of the company\u0026#8217;s continued efforts toward the realization of a hydrogen society.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToyota claims that the FC is designed to meet the needs of the commercial sector with the same durability as conventional diesel-powered engines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to passenger vehicles, the 3rd Gen FC System will be expanded for use in heavy-duty commercial vehicles and is planned for introduction in markets mainly in Japan, Europe, North America, and China after 2026 at the earliest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-reduction-through-innovations-in-cell-design\"\u003eCost reduction through innovations in cell design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest FC also offers significant cost reduction through \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hydrogen-powered-drones-new-fuel-cell-membrane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einnovations\u003c/a\u003e in cell design and manufacturing processes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe 3rd Gen FC System will be unveiled for the first time on February 19 at the H2 \u0026amp; FC EXPO (International Hydrogen \u0026amp; Fuel Cell Expo) in Tokyo, Japan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s latest FC achieves \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/silver-catalysts-affordable-fuel-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edurability\u003c/a\u003e comparable to diesel engines and offers a maintenance-free design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eToyota\u003c/a\u003e has revealed that the 3rd Gen FC System can be installed in a variety of commercial vehicles, passenger cars, and general-purpose \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered-apartment-korea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eapplications\u003c/a\u003e, such as stationary generators, rail, and ships. For passenger vehicles, the improved fuel efficiency provides a greater cruising range.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-be-used-in-heavy-duty-commercial-vehicles\"\u003eCan be used in heavy-duty commercial vehicles\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor heavy-duty commercial vehicles, the new FC system offers a level of durability comparable to diesel engines and high power. In addition, by designing the system to be more compact, it can be easily integrated into various commercial vehicles, according to the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Toyota views hydrogen as an important fuel in pursuit of carbon neutrality and is actively collaborating with partners across various industries. Toyota has been promoting various initiatives in the areas of create, transport, store, and use hydrogen in relation to its R\u0026amp;D activities,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e the company in a statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To further accelerate the use cases and adoption of FC technology to achieve a hydrogen society, the continuous evolution of FC technology is necessary, and this 3rd Gen FC system represents a significant step-change.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-realization-of-a-hydrogen-society\"\u003eRealization of a hydrogen society\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToyota has also maintained that it will continue efforts toward the realization of a hydrogen society in collaboration with local governments and other companies, associations, and organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBack in 2014, the company launched the MIRAI fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) and has since sold approximately 28,000 units across more than 30 countries and territories.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince 2019, Toyota has started supplying FC systems for use in other applications, such as buses, railroads, and stationary power generators, supplying more than 2,700 units to more than 100 customers globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company revealed that in Japan, it works with many partners, particularly in Tokyo and Fukushima prefectures, to implement these systems in the commercial sector and help create a hydrogen society.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new 3rd Gen FC System was developed based on customer feedback and insights from proof-of-concepts and demonstration tests over the past several years, according to Toyota.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e9:T42f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fuel-cell-degradation-check-hydrogen-vehicle-life\"\u003eNew fuel cell degradation check could boost hydrogen ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/bloom-energy-fuel-cell-delivers-60-percent-efficiency\"\u003eUS: New fuel cell achieves 60% electrical efficiency with ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/durable-heavy-duty-fuel-cells\"\u003eUS firm plans 'super tough' hydrogen cells to power heavy- ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ea:T667,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to passenger vehicles, the 3rd Gen FC System will be expanded for use in heavy-duty commercial vehicles and is planned for introduction in markets mainly in Japan, Europe, North America, and China after 2026 at the earliest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-reduction-through-innovations-in-cell-design\"\u003eCost reduction through innovations in cell design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest FC also offers significant cost reduction through \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hydrogen-powered-drones-new-fuel-cell-membrane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einnovations\u003c/a\u003e in cell design and manufacturing processes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe 3rd Gen FC System will be unveiled for the first time on February 19 at the H2 \u0026amp; FC EXPO (International Hydrogen \u0026amp; Fuel Cell Expo) in Tokyo, Japan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s latest FC achieves \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/silver-catalysts-affordable-fuel-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edurability\u003c/a\u003e comparable to diesel engines and offers a maintenance-free design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eToyota\u003c/a\u003e has revealed that the 3rd Gen FC System can be installed in a variety of commercial vehicles, passenger cars, and general-purpose \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered-apartment-korea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eapplications\u003c/a\u003e, such as stationary generators, rail, and ships. For passenger vehicles, the improved fuel efficiency provides a greater cruising range.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"eb:T5b2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-be-used-in-heavy-duty-commercial-vehicles\"\u003eCan be used in heavy-duty commercial vehicles\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor heavy-duty commercial vehicles, the new FC system offers a level of durability comparable to diesel engines and high power. In addition, by designing the system to be more compact, it can be easily integrated into various commercial vehicles, according to the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Toyota views hydrogen as an important fuel in pursuit of carbon neutrality and is actively collaborating with partners across various industries. Toyota has been promoting various initiatives in the areas of create, transport, store, and use hydrogen in relation to its R\u0026amp;D activities,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e the company in a statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To further accelerate the use cases and adoption of FC technology to achieve a hydrogen society, the continuous evolution of FC technology is necessary, and this 3rd Gen FC system represents a significant step-change.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-realization-of-a-hydrogen-society\"\u003eRealization of a hydrogen society\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToyota has also maintained that it will continue efforts toward the realization of a hydrogen society in collaboration with local governments and other companies, associations, and organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ec:T42f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fuel-cell-degradation-check-hydrogen-vehicle-life\"\u003eNew fuel cell degradation check could boost hydrogen ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/bloom-energy-fuel-cell-delivers-60-percent-efficiency\"\u003eUS: New fuel cell achieves 60% electrical efficiency with ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/durable-heavy-duty-fuel-cells\"\u003eUS firm plans 'super tough' hydrogen cells to power heavy- ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv 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smart jacket combines AI and thermochromic yarn, automatically adjusting to ensure a safe and optimal temperature for the wearer.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-ai-smart-jacket-warm-without-overheating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New AI-driven smart jacket could keep you warm without overheating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This smart jacket combines AI and thermochromic yarn, automatically adjusting to ensure a safe and optimal temperature for the wearer.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-ai-smart-jacket-warm-without-overheating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T10:58:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T11:02:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-12533090271.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/vQonFuDfTfs\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"260\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-15T10:58:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ee:T1269,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a new artificial intelligence (AI)-driven smart textile that automatically adjusts heating and cooling for maximum user comfort. Dubbed \u0026#8216;smart jacket\u0026#8217;, the garment comes equipped with environmental sensors, heat-generating and color-changing yarns to prevent potentially harmful outcomes like hyperthermia or burns.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eElectronic textiles are regularly employed as heating pads and electric blankets to keep wearers warm and help ease aches and pains. However, prolonged use can result in heat-related issues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore sophisticated electronic textiles (e-textiles) can also incorporate sensors to monitor the wearer\u0026#8217;s heart rate, blood pressure, and movement; while others come equipped with Bluetooth to connect to mobile apps or temperature controls.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, as the researchers point out, users can still risk injury from such products even with these functions. The elderly are especially vulnerable, as they suffer from decreased heat sensitivity. This is a potentially severe issue that can lead to the development of preventable illnesses or even the death of senior citizens.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-combining-ai-and-thermochromic-yarn\"\u003eCombining AI and thermochromic yarn\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Jeanne Tan from Hong Kong Polytechnic University\u0026#8217;s School of Fashion and Textiles and her team believed they could boost \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/what-is-smart-clothing-technology-and-how-does-it-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ee-textile safety\u003c/a\u003e by combining AI-driven systems with thermochromic yarn. This combination, they thought, would enable them to create a fabric that warms the user without overheating and provides immediate temperature readings for easy monitoring.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter research and development, the team created an intelligent heating jacket from their new e-textile, which contained heat-generating, silver-coated yarn and two types of thermochromic yarn.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How smart textiles work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/vQonFuDfTfs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe silver-coated yarn can warm the garment with less bulk and greater flexibility than traditional materials like carbon fiber. The AI control system was trained on 50 subjects of various ages, genders, and body types who identified their ideal heat settings in environments with varying temperatures, humidities, and wind speeds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTan\u0026#8217;s team also decided to integrate color-changing yarns as a safety feature for the jacket. One yarn transitioning from purple to pink indicates a heating temperature above 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius) to allow for easy temperature monitoring during the day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-determines-optimal-temperature\"\u003eAI determines optimal temperature\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn dark environments, the other polymeric optical fiber yarn can give off a blue, yellow, or red glow to indicate temperatures of 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius), and 122 degrees Fahrenheit (50 degrees Celsius), respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a demonstration, the jacket\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rice-engineers-smart-thermochromic-polymer?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermochromic\u003c/a\u003e and optical fiber yarns accurately indicated the heating temperature. The jacket\u0026#8217;s AI component predicted a comfortable temperature and provided consistent heating for the wearer, even when the environment changed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;An AI model, trained on data from 50 wearability test subjects, determines optimal heating temperatures (40–50 °C) with 5.083 mean squared error (MSE), showing a high correlation between predicted and actual comfort levels,\u0026#8221; the researchers note in their study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team believes its innovative e-textile technology could be used in various applications, from heated car seats and furniture to spacesuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study has been published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c19174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Applied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ef:T4ea,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore sophisticated electronic textiles (e-textiles) can also incorporate sensors to monitor the wearer\u0026#8217;s heart rate, blood pressure, and movement; while others come equipped with Bluetooth to connect to mobile apps or temperature controls.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, as the researchers point out, users can still risk injury from such products even with these functions. The elderly are especially vulnerable, as they suffer from decreased heat sensitivity. This is a potentially severe issue that can lead to the development of preventable illnesses or even the death of senior citizens.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-combining-ai-and-thermochromic-yarn\"\u003eCombining AI and thermochromic yarn\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Jeanne Tan from Hong Kong Polytechnic University\u0026#8217;s School of Fashion and Textiles and her team believed they could boost \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/what-is-smart-clothing-technology-and-how-does-it-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ee-textile safety\u003c/a\u003e by combining AI-driven systems with thermochromic yarn. This combination, they thought, would enable them to create a fabric that warms the user without overheating and provides immediate temperature readings for easy monitoring.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f0:T6ef,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter research and development, the team created an intelligent heating jacket from their new e-textile, which contained heat-generating, silver-coated yarn and two types of thermochromic yarn.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How smart textiles work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/vQonFuDfTfs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe silver-coated yarn can warm the garment with less bulk and greater flexibility than traditional materials like carbon fiber. The AI control system was trained on 50 subjects of various ages, genders, and body types who identified their ideal heat settings in environments with varying temperatures, humidities, and wind speeds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTan\u0026#8217;s team also decided to integrate color-changing yarns as a safety feature for the jacket. One yarn transitioning from purple to pink indicates a heating temperature above 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius) to allow for easy temperature monitoring during the day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-determines-optimal-temperature\"\u003eAI determines optimal temperature\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn dark environments, the other polymeric optical fiber yarn can give off a blue, yellow, or red glow to indicate temperatures of 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius), and 122 degrees Fahrenheit (50 degrees Celsius), respectively.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f1:T45d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a demonstration, the jacket\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rice-engineers-smart-thermochromic-polymer?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermochromic\u003c/a\u003e and optical fiber yarns accurately indicated the heating temperature. The jacket\u0026#8217;s AI component predicted a comfortable temperature and provided consistent heating for the wearer, even when the environment changed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;An AI model, trained on data from 50 wearability test subjects, determines optimal heating temperatures (40–50 °C) with 5.083 mean squared error (MSE), showing a high correlation between predicted and actual comfort levels,\u0026#8221; the researchers note in their study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team believes its innovative e-textile technology could be used in various applications, from heated car seats and furniture to spacesuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study has been published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c19174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Applied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1b:[[\"$\",\"$L1d\",null,{\"articleType\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"publishDate\":\"2024-11-23\",\"title\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"category\":\"space\"}],[[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-title\",\"content\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-link\",\"content\":\"http://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-type\",\"content\":\"post\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-image-url\",\"content\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg?w=150\u0026h=150\u0026crop=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-pub-date\",\"content\":\"2024-11-23T11:31:50Z\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-section\",\"content\":\"Space\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-author\",\"content\":\"Christopher McFadden\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-tags\",\"content\":\"editor: energy \u0026amp; environment, physics, space\"}]],[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$1e\"}}],[\"$\",\"main\",null,{\"className\":\"t-bg-surface-primary t-pt-[10px] mb:t-pt-[70px]\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1f\",null,{\"articleData\":{\"postType\":\"space\",\"isStaging\":true,\"content\":{\"id\":122635,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$20\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new exoplanet is not only very young compared to the age of its parent star, but is also orbiting at a strange angle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new exoplanet is not only very young compared to the age of its parent star, but is also orbiting at a strange angle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3897,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$21\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/exoplanet-a-year-three-earth-days\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e1 year is 3 Earth days on this scorching exoplanet found 6 light-years from us\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/exoplanet-discovery-astronomers-ocean-world\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eAstronomers discover an exoplanet that could be an ‘ocean world’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/11-of-the-strangest-exoplanets-from-our-wildly-diverse-universe\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e11 of the strangest exoplanets from our wildly diverse universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\",\"slug\":\"youngest-planet-ever-discovered\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T11:31:50\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 months ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T11:31:59\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 06:31 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 06:31 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg\",\"title\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"name\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"alt_text\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"description\":\"Artist's impression of the new baby exoplanet IRAS 04125+2902 b.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-a-rare-glimpse-of-a-newborn-planet/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNASA\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eUniversity of North Carolina researchers have recently discovered a baby exoplanet that could challenge our current understanding of how planets form in newly-minted solar systems. Designated IRAS 04125+2902 b, the new planet is a baby, being only around 3 million years old, which also makes it the youngest planet so far discovered using the dominant method of planet detection.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile its discovery is exciting enough, what is more interesting is that it is not that much older than its parent star. The planet\u0026#8217;s orbit is also misaligned from the protoplanetary disk, allowing researchers to see it clearly.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$22\",\"$23\",\"$24\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe study is available in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08123-3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artist's impression of the new baby exoplanet IRAS 04125+2902 b.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-a-rare-glimpse-of-a-newborn-planet/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNASA\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/exoplanet-a-year-three-earth-days\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e1 year is 3 Earth days on this scorching exoplanet found 6 light-years from us\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/exoplanet-discovery-astronomers-ocean-world\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eAstronomers discover an exoplanet that could be an ‘ocean world’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/11-of-the-strangest-exoplanets-from-our-wildly-diverse-universe\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e11 of the strangest exoplanets from our wildly diverse universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":143318,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$25\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3429,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$26\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"slug\":\"thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:18:14\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:19:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:18 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:19 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\",\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"name\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"alt_text\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$27\",\"$28\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143300,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"China\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"EV\",\"geely\",\"Geely Galaxy\",\"Transportation\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"EV\",\"slug\":\"ev\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ev\"},{\"name\":\"geely\",\"slug\":\"geely\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/geely\"},{\"name\":\"Geely Galaxy\",\"slug\":\"geely-galaxy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/geely-galaxy\"},{\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/transportation\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Transportation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/transportation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$29\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"transportation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":7,\"title\":\"China\u0026#8217;s Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe newly launched Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers a 770 miles range with Geely’s latest NordThor hybrid system.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe newly launched Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers a 770 miles range with Geely’s latest NordThor hybrid system.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":2832,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$2a\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\\\"\u003eChinese automaker partners with DeepSeek for next-gen smart car AI technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/geely-invests-in-satellite-network-to-boost-autonomous-car-safety\\\"\u003eGeely invests in satellite network to boost autonomous car safety\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/golden-battery-fast-ev-charge\\\"\u003e80% in 9 minutes: Zeekr’s ‘Golden Battery’ sets record for fastest EV charging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\",\"slug\":\"china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:56:54\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:57:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:56 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:57 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-95.png\",\"title\":\"China\u0026#8217;s Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes\",\"name\":\"China\u0026#8217;s Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes\",\"alt_text\":\"China\u0026#8217;s Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes\",\"description\":\"Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.galaxy-geely.com/p145\\\"\u003eGeely Galaxy\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina-based automobile giant Geely is pushing the boundaries of automotive AI with the launch of its Galaxy L7 EM-i.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i builds on the design of the Galaxy L7, featuring a through-type LED headlight group and a closed front panel. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the company, it delivers a WLTC comprehensive fuel consumption of 1.05 to 1.3 liters per 100 km (62 miles) and a total cruising range of 1,240 km (770 miles). \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$2b\",\"$2c\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Geely’s ‘Smart Geely 2025’ strategy aims to accelerate the adoption of advanced AI technologies, including voice interaction models, AI digital chassis, and intelligent driving systems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.galaxy-geely.com/p145\\\"\u003eGeely Galaxy\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\\\"\u003eChinese automaker partners with DeepSeek for next-gen smart car AI technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/geely-invests-in-satellite-network-to-boost-autonomous-car-safety\\\"\u003eGeely invests in satellite network to boost autonomous car safety\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/golden-battery-fast-ev-charge\\\"\u003e80% in 9 minutes: Zeekr’s ‘Golden Battery’ sets record for fastest EV charging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143287,\"tags\":[\"gravitational waves\",\"Physics\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"gravitational waves\",\"slug\":\"gravitational-waves\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/gravitational-waves\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$2d\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eWhile LIGO\u0026#8217;s laser can currently reach 750 kilowatts, it needs to surpass one megawatt to achieve its full potential.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eWhile LIGO\u0026#8217;s laser can currently reach 750 kilowatts, it needs to surpass one megawatt to achieve its full potential.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3751,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$2e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eMIT’s next-gen gravitational-wave detector will replace LIGO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eDark matter detection closer as LIGO’s potential boosted 10,000 times\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThe LIGO observatory is finally back, now with double the sensitivity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"slug\":\"ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:02:41\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:02:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/LIGO-laser-boost.png\",\"title\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"name\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"alt_text\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"description\":\"Researchers working on the newly developed optical device.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eUniversity of California, Riverside (UCR)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, is one of the most powerful scientific equipment for detecting gravitational waves. Covering an area of 16 square kilometers, it also happens to be among the world’s largest scientific facilities. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there’s something that prevents this giant instrument from realizing its full potential.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, LIGO’s laser power starts at 200 Watts, and with maximum amplification, it can go up to 750 kilowatts — but this is not enough. According to scientists, the LIGO laser must cross the one-megawatt level to accomplish desirable results. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$2f\",\"$30\",\"$31\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003ePhysical Review Letters\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers working on the newly developed optical device.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eUniversity of California, Riverside (UCR)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eMIT’s next-gen gravitational-wave detector will replace LIGO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eDark matter detection closer as LIGO’s potential boosted 10,000 times\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThe LIGO observatory is finally back, now with double the sensitivity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141374,\"tags\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Earth\",\"slug\":\"earth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/earth\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Mars\",\"slug\":\"mars\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mars\"},{\"name\":\"Olympus Mons\",\"slug\":\"olympus-mons\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/olympus-mons\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Lists\",\"slug\":\"lists\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/lists\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$32\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"lists\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":13,\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":12017,\"readTime\":\"11 minutes\",\"body\":\"$33\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"slug\":\"mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:34 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":true,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"alt_text\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most extreme topographical features within our solar system. Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$34\",\"$35\",\"$36\",\"$37\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$38\",\"$39\",\"$3a\",\"$3b\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":true,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143268,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"memory storage\",\"Quantum\",\"quantum battery\",\"quantum computer\",\"rare earth\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"memory storage\",\"slug\":\"memory-storage\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/memory-storage\"},{\"name\":\"Quantum\",\"slug\":\"quantum\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/quantum\"},{\"name\":\"quantum battery\",\"slug\":\"quantum-battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/quantum-battery\"},{\"name\":\"quantum computer\",\"slug\":\"quantum-computer\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/quantum-computer\"},{\"name\":\"rare earth\",\"slug\":\"rare-earth-2\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/rare-earth-2\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$3c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eTo create the new memory storage technique, the team added ions of “rare earth,” a group of elements also known as lanthanides, to a crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eTo create the new memory storage technique, the team added ions of “rare earth,” a group of elements also known as lanthanides, to a crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3727,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$3d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\\\"\u003ePhoton-powered quantum battery breakthrough could boost solar cell efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-store-retrieve-quantum-data\\\"\u003eIn a global first, scientists create, store, and retrieve quantum data \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-first-hybrid-quantum-supercomputer-reimei-activated\\\"\u003eWorld’s first hybrid quantum supercomputer Reimei activated in Japan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\",\"slug\":\"terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:48:06\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:50:10\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:48 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:50 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\",\"title\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"name\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"alt_text\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"description\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\\\"\u003eZhong Lab\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering have developed a method to store data using crystal defects as ones and zeroes, each the size of an individual atom.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUChicago PME Assistant Professor Tian Zhong explained that each memory cell is created from a single missing atom, or defect. This approach allows terabytes of data to be packed into a small cube of material just a millimeter in size, shows the research published in \u003cem\u003eNanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$3e\",\"$3f\",\"$40\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\\\"\u003eZhong Lab\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\\\"\u003ePhoton-powered quantum battery breakthrough could boost solar cell efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-store-retrieve-quantum-data\\\"\u003eIn a global first, scientists create, store, and retrieve quantum data \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-first-hybrid-quantum-supercomputer-reimei-activated\\\"\u003eWorld’s first hybrid quantum supercomputer Reimei activated in Japan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143164,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\",\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$41\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new technique, which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries, has been found to extend their life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new technique, which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries, has been found to extend their life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3690,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$42\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/750-percent-longer-lithium-battery-life\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e750% longer lithium battery life achieved with water-based breakthrough\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/thinnest-possible-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThinnest possible lithium-ion battery’s energy storage process decoded\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSelf-healing lithium-ion battery that stretches 250% unveiled in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"slug\":\"reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:32:02\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:33:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:32 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:33 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-16475641641.jpg\",\"title\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"name\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"alt_text\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"description\":\"Electric vehicle's lithium battery pack\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-car-lithium-battery-pack-and-wiring-connections-internal-between-cells-on-gm1647564164-533812476\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekynny\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have come up a new \u0026#8216;precision therapy\u0026#8217; for old lithium-ion batteries to restore them to near factory-fresh condition. Developed by a team at Fudan University in Shanghai, the method could extend battery life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis could have huge implications across several sectors, including electric vehicles (EVs), smartphones and energy-storage facilities. Such technology would prove revolutionary for batteries typically lasting between 1,000 and 1,500 cycles (around six to eight years of use).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$43\",\"$44\",\"$45\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eYou can view the study \u003ca href=\\\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39939772/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Electric vehicle's lithium battery pack\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-car-lithium-battery-pack-and-wiring-connections-internal-between-cells-on-gm1647564164-533812476\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekynny\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/750-percent-longer-lithium-battery-life\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e750% longer lithium battery life achieved with water-based breakthrough\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/thinnest-possible-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThinnest possible lithium-ion battery’s energy storage process decoded\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSelf-healing lithium-ion battery that stretches 250% unveiled in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143224,\"tags\":[\"3d\",\"4D\",\"Physics\",\"quasicrystal\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"3d\",\"slug\":\"3d\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/3d\"},{\"name\":\"4D\",\"slug\":\"4d\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/4d\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"quasicrystal\",\"slug\":\"quasicrystal\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/quasicrystal\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$46\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eNew study on quasicrystals shows the patterns we see in nature could be just shadows of a hidden reality from higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eNew study on quasicrystals shows the patterns we see in nature could be just shadows of a hidden reality from higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3296,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$47\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eQuantum chess: Unraveling the mysteries of quasicrystals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eUnderstanding the Fourth Dimension From Our 3D Perspective\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow Many Dimensions Does Our Universe Really Have?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"slug\":\"quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:32 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:43 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"title\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"name\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"alt_text\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"description\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLinKayser, AMES lab/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA team of international researchers has shown that four-dimensional structures can influence the mechanical and topological properties of quasiperiodic crystals. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003equasiperiodic crystal\u003c/a\u003e (also called quasicrystal) is a solid material with an ordered structure that never repeats exactly, like how it happens in regular crystals but follows specific mathematical rules.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$48\",\"$49\",\"$4a\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLinKayser, AMES lab/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eQuantum chess: Unraveling the mysteries of quasicrystals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eUnderstanding the Fourth Dimension From Our 3D Perspective\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow Many Dimensions Does Our Universe Really Have?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143159,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Laser\",\"plasma\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Laser\",\"slug\":\"laser\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/laser\"},{\"name\":\"plasma\",\"slug\":\"plasma\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plasma\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$4b\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eA thin sheet of water replaced the conventional solid target in this novel approach.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eA thin sheet of water replaced the conventional solid target in this novel approach.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3533,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$4c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/supercharge-lasers-million-universe\\\"\u003e1,000,000x power lasers could be used to study the nature of the universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bow-shock-reveals-secrets-electron-injection\\\"\u003eA heavy 500 keV bow shock reveals the secrets of electron injection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/grapes-double-quantum-sensor-magnetic-power\\\"\u003eGrapes double quantum sensor magnetic power in a groundbreaking experiment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\",\"slug\":\"water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:17:54\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:04:56\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:17 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:04 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Laser-Plasma-1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research\",\"name\":\"Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research\",\"alt_text\":\"Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research\",\"description\":\"This breakthrough was achieved using a readily available low-energy laser system.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/topics/lasers\\\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\"\u003eSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"slug\":\"aman-tripathi\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a8260394272a3c62baa898aee75f910?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"aman-tripathi\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi\",\"description\":\"An active and versatile journalist and news editor. He has covered regular and breaking news for several leading publications and news media, including The Hindu, Economic Times, Tomorrow Makers, and many more. Aman holds expertise in politics, travel, and tech news, especially in AI, advanced algorithms, and blockchain, with a strong curiosity about all things that fall under science and tech.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have achieved a significant milestone in laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey have generated fast, bright proton beams by using the power of a simple water stream.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough addresses long-standing challenges and brings LPA technology closer to real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“These exciting results pave the way for new applications of relativistic high-power lasers for applications in medicine, accelerator research, and inertial fusion,” said Siegfried Glenzer, director of the High Energy Density Science division at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$4d\",\"$4e\",\"$4f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"This breakthrough was achieved using a readily available low-energy laser system.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/topics/lasers\\\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\"\u003eSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/supercharge-lasers-million-universe\\\"\u003e1,000,000x power lasers could be used to study the nature of the universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bow-shock-reveals-secrets-electron-injection\\\"\u003eA heavy 500 keV bow shock reveals the secrets of electron injection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/grapes-double-quantum-sensor-magnetic-power\\\"\u003eGrapes double quantum sensor magnetic power in a groundbreaking experiment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143194,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Elon Musk\",\"Facebook\",\"Humanoid robots\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Meta\",\"Optimus\",\"Tesla\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Elon Musk\",\"slug\":\"elon-musk\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/elon-musk\"},{\"name\":\"Facebook\",\"slug\":\"facebook\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/facebook\"},{\"name\":\"Humanoid robots\",\"slug\":\"humanoid-robots\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/humanoid-robots\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Meta\",\"slug\":\"meta\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/meta\"},{\"name\":\"Optimus\",\"slug\":\"optimus\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/optimus\"},{\"name\":\"Tesla\",\"slug\":\"tesla\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/tesla\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$50\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eMeta\u0026#8217;s internal memo also revealed that the company plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eMeta\u0026#8217;s internal memo also revealed that the company plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3856,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$51\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\\\"\u003eiHumanoid? Apple secretly planning powerful humanoid robot to rival China, Tesla\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\\\"\u003eUS firm unveils plan for 100,000-strong humanoid robot army to counter China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\"\u003eWatch: Tesla’s Optimus humanoid robot conquers hill with new neural tech power \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"slug\":\"meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:58:41\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:02:55\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:58 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-humanoid-robots.png\",\"title\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"name\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"alt_text\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"description\":\"Representational image depicting humanoid robots\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/3d-rendering-biorobots-concept_29317036.htm#fromView=search\u0026amp;page=1\u0026amp;position=2\u0026amp;uuid=5429aa6c-723c-421e-aa71-2ea0ef58f106\u0026amp;query=humanoid+robots\\\"\u003eFreepik\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing its big bet on artificial intelligence (AI), Meta seems to have set its sight on the next major plunge. If an internal company memo accessed by \u003cem\u003eReuters \u003c/em\u003eis to be believed, the California-based tech conglomerate is setting up a new division as part of its Reality Labs unit to develop humanoid robots, powered by AI, which can assist with physical tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the memo reviewed by \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e, Meta\u0026#8217;s chief technology officer Andrew Bosworth revealed that the robotics product group would focus on research and development of \u0026#8220;consumer humanoid robots\u0026#8221; aimed at maximizing its main series of AI foundation models called Llama. According to Bosworth, expanding the portfolio to invest in this field will bring additional value to Meta AI and its mixed and augmented reality programs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$52\",\"$53\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the long run, Meta will face stiff competition from the likes of Tesla, whose CEO Elon Musk had recently \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e that his company’s humanoid robot Optimus is capable of performing many daily tasks and will eventually be sold to customers.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla plans to deploy pre-production Optimus prototypes in its factories by late 2025, with production units expected to be available by 2026. During the current year, Tesla aims to have more than 1,000 robots in its manufacturing facilities, and Musk predicts that Optimus could help the company achieve a $25 trillion valuation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWith production costs around $10,000 and a retail price of about $20,000 per unit, Tesla expects significant profitability. Musk also forecasts a global market for one billion robots annually, with the company capturing 10% of that market.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image depicting humanoid robots\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/3d-rendering-biorobots-concept_29317036.htm#fromView=search\u0026amp;page=1\u0026amp;position=2\u0026amp;uuid=5429aa6c-723c-421e-aa71-2ea0ef58f106\u0026amp;query=humanoid+robots\\\"\u003eFreepik\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\\\"\u003eiHumanoid? Apple secretly planning powerful humanoid robot to rival China, Tesla\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\\\"\u003eUS firm unveils plan for 100,000-strong humanoid robot army to counter China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\"\u003eWatch: Tesla’s Optimus humanoid robot conquers hill with new neural tech power \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143146,\"tags\":[\"Electronic fabric\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Electronic fabric\",\"slug\":\"electronic-fabric\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/electronic-fabric\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$54\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eReports revealed that the display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eReports revealed that the display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3500,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$55\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/lg-display-expands-by-50-folds\\\"\u003eLG display expands by 50%, folds, twists, survives ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-panda-like-robot-saudi-tech-show\\\"\u003eChina’s UBTECH unveils humanoids and panda-like robot at Saudi tech show\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-dynamic-humanlike-expressions\\\"\u003eScientists develop tech for real-time, emotion-driven robot faces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"slug\":\"electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:38:09\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:42:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:38 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:42 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/fabric.png\",\"title\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"name\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"alt_text\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"description\":\"Researchers believe that their groundbreaking approach opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/abstract-hologram-landscape-background-gm1284442931-381578566\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekoto_feja\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have created a new type of electronic fabric that maintains consistent performance even when repeatedly stretched, bent, and twisted. It\u0026#8217;s also capable of producing bright light and clear sound while stretching to double its original size.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by researchers from the Korea University of Technology and Education and the University of California San Diego, the composite material combines three significant components (Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, was developed utilizing transparent ionogel electrodes and a high dielectric layer composed of Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$56\",\"$57\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers believe that their groundbreaking approach opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/abstract-hologram-landscape-background-gm1284442931-381578566\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekoto_feja\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/lg-display-expands-by-50-folds\\\"\u003eLG display expands by 50%, folds, twists, survives ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-panda-like-robot-saudi-tech-show\\\"\u003eChina’s UBTECH unveils humanoids and panda-like robot at Saudi tech show\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-dynamic-humanlike-expressions\\\"\u003eScientists develop tech for real-time, emotion-driven robot faces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":143318,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$58\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3429,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$59\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"slug\":\"thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:18:14\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:19:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:18 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:19 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\",\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"name\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"alt_text\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5a\",\"$5b\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141374,\"tags\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Earth\",\"slug\":\"earth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/earth\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Mars\",\"slug\":\"mars\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mars\"},{\"name\":\"Olympus Mons\",\"slug\":\"olympus-mons\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/olympus-mons\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Lists\",\"slug\":\"lists\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/lists\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$5c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"lists\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":13,\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":12017,\"readTime\":\"11 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"slug\":\"mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:34 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":true,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"alt_text\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most extreme topographical features within our solar system. Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5e\",\"$5f\",\"$60\",\"$61\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$62\",\"$63\",\"$64\",\"$65\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":true,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":142480,\"tags\":[\"KM3NeT\",\"neutrino\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"KM3NeT\",\"slug\":\"km3net\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/km3net\"},{\"name\":\"neutrino\",\"slug\":\"neutrino\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/neutrino\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$66\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Scientists detect most powerful neutrino ever at 220 million billion electron volt\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn February 2023, a deep sea detector detected evidence of a cataclysmic cosmic event. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn February 2023, a deep sea detector detected evidence of a cataclysmic cosmic event. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3772,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$67\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/particle-physics-standard-model-neutrino\\\"\u003eWhen will we 'weigh' the neutrino? Project 8 offers hope\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-advances-underwater-neutrino-research\\\"\u003eChina deploys prototype detectors to locate neutrinos in South China Sea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/800-mile-neutrino-beam-probes-earth-in-dune-experiment\\\"\u003e800-mile neutrino beam probes Earth in DUNE experiment\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\",\"slug\":\"scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-12T16:02:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"5 days ago\",\"update_date\":null,\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 12, 2025 11:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":null,\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-10.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists detect most powerful neutrino ever at 220 million billion electron volt\",\"name\":\"Scientists detect most powerful neutrino ever at 220 million billion electron volt\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists detect most powerful neutrino ever at 220 million billion electron volt\",\"description\":\"Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/KM3NeT_ARCA_detection_units_on_ship_April2021-scaled.jpg\\\"\u003eKM3NeT\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn February 2023, a deep sea detector detected evidence of a cataclysmic cosmic event.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA neutrino with an estimated energy of 220 PeV – that\u0026#8217;s 220 million billion electron volts – slammed into the seawater near the detector. The event designated KM3-230213A is the “most energetic neutrino” ever observed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers state that the discovery of this extremely high-energy neutrino is the first concrete proof that the universe produces neutrinos at these incredible energy levels. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$68\",\"$69\",\"$6a\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, with only one event, it\u0026#8217;s impossible to know for sure. Scientists hope to detect more of these neutrinos to determine their origin.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08543-1\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eNature.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":1,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/KM3NeT_ARCA_detection_units_on_ship_April2021-scaled.jpg\\\"\u003eKM3NeT\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/particle-physics-standard-model-neutrino\\\"\u003eWhen will we 'weigh' the neutrino? 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NASA gear up to stop ‘highest-risk’ asteroid that could hit Earth in 2032\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eAstronomers are trying to precisely determine the asteroid\u0026#8217;s orbit to eliminate any impact risk.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eAstronomers are trying to precisely determine the asteroid\u0026#8217;s orbit to eliminate any impact risk.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3546,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$6c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\\\"\u003eFootball field-sized 'city killer' asteroid could hit Earth in 2032\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-could-strike-earth-experts-warn\\\"\u003eGiant 196-foot-wide killer asteroid 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Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA potentially hazardous asteroid, 2024 YR4, has been discovered, and it\u0026#8217;s got the world\u0026#8217;s attention.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBoth China and the US are ramping up efforts to monitor this asteroid, which has a tiny chance of impacting Earth in 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the collision chance is small, the potential consequences are significant enough to trigger a global response.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis asteroid, estimated to be between 40 and 90 meters in diameter, was first spotted in December 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$6d\",\"$6e\",\"$6f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A potentially hazardous asteroid, 2024 YR4, has a tiny chance of impacting Earth in 2032. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/asteroid-impact-on-earth-meteor-in-collision-with-planet-contain-3d-rendering-gm1367201304-437529415?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\\\"\u003eFootball field-sized 'city killer' asteroid could hit Earth in 2032\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-could-strike-earth-experts-warn\\\"\u003eGiant 196-foot-wide killer asteroid could strike Earth in 2032, experts warn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-dart-impact-reveals-unexpected-asteroid-secrets\\\"\u003eNASA's DART impact reveals unexpected asteroid 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likely.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eWith the rise in satellite and rocket launches like SpaceX\u0026#8217;s Starlink, the probability of a collision is becoming more likely.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3702,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$71\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-organizations-space-debris-problem\\\"\u003e11 organizations tackling the space debris problem\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/space-junk-future-danger-we-can-clean-it\\\"\u003eSpace junk is placing our future in danger. Here’s how we can clean it\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-damages-claim-iss-space-trash\\\"\u003eNASA faces first-of-its-kind damages claim after ISS space trash impacts home\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/space-debris-striking-planes-study-warns\",\"slug\":\"space-debris-striking-planes-study-warns\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-10T09:31:42\",\"timeAgo\":\"7 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-10T09:37:26\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 10, 2025 04:31 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 10, 2025 04:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE_de219e.jpg\",\"title\":\"Space debris striking passenger planes could become a deadly reality, study warns\",\"name\":\"Space debris striking passenger planes could become a deadly reality, study warns\",\"alt_text\":\"Space debris striking passenger planes could become a deadly reality, study warns\",\"description\":\"A new study highlights the growing danger of falling space debris striking an airplane.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellites-orbiting-earth-facilitating-telecommunication-and-high-speed-internet-gm2101393672-566420053\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eWe\u0026#8217;ve all seen rockets blast off into space, but what goes up must come down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA new study highlights the growing danger of falling space debris striking a passenger airplane or other aircraft. While such an incident hasn\u0026#8217;t occurred yet, the potential consequences could be devastating.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the University of British Columbia have modeled the paths of falling rocket bodies and compared them to global flight data.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$72\",\"$73\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe “situation puts national authorities in a dilemma—to close airspace or not—with safety and economic implications either way,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis was evident in 2022 with the re-entry of the Long March 5B rocket body. Fortunately, the rocket ultimately landed in the ocean. However, the incident raised concerns about the safety of populated areas and the need for improved strategies to mitigate the risks posed by uncontrolled re-entries.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers propose controlled rocket reentry as a solution to the space debris problem. Currently, this type of \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/space-junk-future-danger-we-can-clean-it\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003etechnology\u003c/a\u003e is reportedly used in less than 35% of launches. This would allow for targeted and safer re-entries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe situation is only getting worse. Incidents like the large piece of space debris that crashed through a Florida home last year demonstrate the real and present danger.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAirspace authorities will face the challenge of uncontrolled reentries for decades to come, the study warned. The experts highlight that there needs to be urgent government and private sector collaboration. It shouldn\u0026#8217;t take a disaster to force action.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84001-2\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eScientific Reports.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/space-debris-striking-planes-study-warns\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A new study highlights the growing danger of falling space debris striking an airplane.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellites-orbiting-earth-facilitating-telecommunication-and-high-speed-internet-gm2101393672-566420053\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-organizations-space-debris-problem\\\"\u003e11 organizations tackling the space debris problem\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/space-junk-future-danger-we-can-clean-it\\\"\u003eSpace junk is placing our future in danger. Here’s how we can clean it\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-damages-claim-iss-space-trash\\\"\u003eNASA faces first-of-its-kind damages claim after ISS space trash impacts home\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv 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denied its involvement in the attack, UN\u0026#8217;s International Atomic Energy Agency stated that radiation levels are in check.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eWhile Moscow has denied its involvement in the attack, UN\u0026#8217;s International Atomic Energy Agency stated that radiation levels are in check.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3363,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$75\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/ukraine-ballistic-missile-test-develop\\\"\u003eUkraine develops first indigenous ballistic missile, announces successful test\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/chernobyl-frogs-resist-nuclear-radiation\\\"\u003eChernobyl frogs resist nuclear radiation, beat fast aging, stress: Study stuns\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\\\"\u003eChernobyl soil declared ‘safe’ for farming 38 years after nuclear disaster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"slug\":\"chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 08:27 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 08:30 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"title\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#8217;s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\",\"name\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#8217;s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\",\"alt_text\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#8217;s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\",\"description\":\"Image of the damaged shelter at the Chernobyl nuclear plant\",\"reference\":\"\u003cdiv class=\\\"css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-b88u0q r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-1ddef8g\\\" dir=\\\"ltr\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"css-1jxf684 r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-1udbk01 r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\\\"\u003eVolodymyr Zelensky/X\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eUkraine\u0026#8217;s President Volodymyr Zelensky stated that a drone armed with a warhead struck the protective outer shell of the Chernobyl nuclear plant early Friday, creating a hole in the structure and briefly igniting a fire. He blamed Russia for the strike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the aftermath of the event, Chernobyl’s chief engineer Oleksandr Tytarchuk stated that the shelter is no longer fulfilling its protective function following the damage. He warned of a potential risk of radioactive substances being released. Although the situation was under control according to Tytarchuk, he noted that repairs could require significant time and effort. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$76\",\"$77\",\"$78\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Image of the damaged shelter at the Chernobyl nuclear plant\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003cdiv class=\\\"css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-b88u0q r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-1ddef8g\\\" dir=\\\"ltr\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"css-1jxf684 r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-1udbk01 r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\\\"\u003eVolodymyr Zelensky/X\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/ukraine-ballistic-missile-test-develop\\\"\u003eUkraine develops first indigenous ballistic missile, announces successful test\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/chernobyl-frogs-resist-nuclear-radiation\\\"\u003eChernobyl frogs resist nuclear radiation, beat fast aging, stress: Study stuns\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\\\"\u003eChernobyl soil declared ‘safe’ for farming 38 years after nuclear disaster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143189,\"tags\":[\"archaeology\",\"History\",\"roman empire\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"archaeology\",\"slug\":\"archaeology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaeology\"},{\"name\":\"History\",\"slug\":\"history\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/history\"},{\"name\":\"roman empire\",\"slug\":\"roman-empire\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/roman-empire\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$79\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#8217;s first Roman basilica unearthed in \u0026#8216;extraordinary\u0026#8217; state\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe first Roman basilica has been unearthed in the heart of Roman London, over 2,000 years old. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe first Roman basilica has been unearthed in the heart of Roman London, over 2,000 years old. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3497,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$7a\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/statue-embedded-in-wall-in-philippi\\\"\u003eByzantine-era statue embedded in wall found in 2,400-year-old Philippi\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/2000-year-old-lavish-bathhouse-in-pompeii\\\"\u003e2,000-year-old lavish bathhouse unearthed in Pompeii in ‘once-in-a-century’ find\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/cleopatra-sister-skull-belongs-to-boy\\\"\u003eSkull of Cleopatra’s sister turns out to be remains of 11-year-old boy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/london-first-roman-basilica\",\"slug\":\"london-first-roman-basilica\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T12:04:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T12:05:06\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 07:04 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 07:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screen-Shot-2025-02-15-at-4.16.52-PM.png\",\"title\":\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#8217;s first Roman basilica unearthed in \u0026#8216;extraordinary\u0026#8217; state\",\"name\":\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#8217;s first Roman basilica unearthed in \u0026#8216;extraordinary\u0026#8217; state\",\"alt_text\":\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#8217;s first Roman basilica unearthed in \u0026#8216;extraordinary\u0026#8217; state\",\"description\":\"A section of wall from the Roman Basilica.\",\"reference\":\"©\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.mola.org.uk/discoveries/news/uncovering-heart-roman-london\\\"\u003eMOLA\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eDeep beneath a modern office building in London, archaeologists have made an extraordinary discovery – the remains of the first Roman basilica in the city.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed shortly after the Roman conquest of Britain, this impressive structure was a key part of Londinium\u0026#8217;s bustling forum.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe basilica, comparable in size to a football field, dominated the city\u0026#8217;s landscape. 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(Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\\\"\u003eToyota\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eToyota, a leading Japanese automaker, has launched its third-generation fuel cell system (3rd Gen FC System) that delivers two times more durability than the prior generation. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eToyota\u0026#8217;s new fuel cell also delivers 20% more cruising range. This advanced system has been launched as part of the company\u0026#8217;s continued efforts toward the realization of a hydrogen society.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eToyota claims that the FC is designed to meet the needs of the commercial sector with the same durability as conventional diesel-powered engines.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$81\",\"$82\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBack in 2014, the company launched the MIRAI fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) and has since sold approximately 28,000 units across more than 30 countries and territories.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSince 2019, Toyota has started supplying FC systems for use in other applications, such as buses, railroads, and stationary power generators, supplying more than 2,700 units to more than 100 customers globally.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe company revealed that in Japan, it works with many partners, particularly in Tokyo and Fukushima prefectures, to implement these systems in the commercial sector and help create a hydrogen society.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe new 3rd Gen FC System was developed based on customer feedback and insights from proof-of-concepts and demonstration tests over the past several years, according to Toyota.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/toyota-new-fuel-cell-more-range\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Toyota started supplying FC systems for use in other applications, such as buses, railroads, and stationary power generators since 2019. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\\\"\u003eToyota\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"$83\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143178,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Health\",\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Health\",\"slug\":\"health\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/health\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$84\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"From spacesuits to car seats: New AI jacket tech adapts to your optimal body heat\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe smart jacket, controlled by AI, is made up of a new e-textile which contains heat-generating, silver-coated yarn and two types of thermochromic yarn.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe smart jacket, controlled by AI, is made up of a new e-textile which contains heat-generating, silver-coated yarn and two types of thermochromic yarn.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3517,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$85\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/smart-textile-nc-state\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThreads to tech: Researchers play video game with just a piece of fabric\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/what-is-smart-clothing-technology-and-how-does-it-work\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWhat is Smart Clothing Technology and How Does it Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fabric-generates-electricity-from-body-heat\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eResearchers develop fabric that generates electricity from body heat\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/new-ai-smart-jacket-warm-without-overheating\",\"slug\":\"new-ai-smart-jacket-warm-without-overheating\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T10:58:46\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T11:02:41\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 05:58 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 06:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-12533090271.jpg\",\"title\":\"From spacesuits to car seats: New AI jacket tech adapts to your optimal body heat\",\"name\":\"From spacesuits to car seats: New AI jacket tech adapts to your optimal body heat\",\"alt_text\":\"From spacesuits to car seats: New AI jacket tech adapts to your optimal body heat\",\"description\":\"Representational image of an electronic textile\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/smart-fabric-gm1253309027-365978480\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003epiranka\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a new artificial intelligence (AI)-driven smart textile that automatically adjusts heating and cooling for maximum user comfort. Dubbed \u0026#8216;smart jacket\u0026#8217;, the garment comes equipped with environmental sensors, heat-generating and color-changing yarns to prevent potentially harmful outcomes like hyperthermia or burns.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eElectronic textiles are regularly employed as heating pads and electric blankets to keep wearers warm and help ease aches and pains. However, prolonged use can result in heat-related issues.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$86\",\"$87\",\"$88\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-ai-smart-jacket-warm-without-overheating\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of an electronic textile\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/smart-fabric-gm1253309027-365978480\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003epiranka\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/smart-textile-nc-state\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThreads to tech: Researchers play video game with just a piece of fabric\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/what-is-smart-clothing-technology-and-how-does-it-work\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWhat is Smart Clothing Technology and How Does it Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fabric-generates-electricity-from-body-heat\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eResearchers develop fabric that generates electricity from body heat\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"comments\":[],\"editorsPick\":[],\"latestArticles\":[{\"id\":143473,\"title\":\"US unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload\",\"slug\":\"avs-jump-20-x-drone\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-17 09:21:55\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The JUMP 20-X is compatible with various fuel types, radio systems, and payloads, making it one of the most adaptable maritime drones available.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AV-UAV.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":59936,\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/avs-jump-20-x-drone\"},{\"id\":143294,\"title\":\"Money likely originated from long-distance trade between strangers, suggests study\",\"slug\":\"money-originated-from-long-distance-trade\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16 17:19:11\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"An archaeologist presented a new theory as to where money came from: external trade. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/coinsso.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62166,\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria.mocerino@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/money-originated-from-long-distance-trade\"},{\"id\":143396,\"title\":\"Ultra-hard 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14:42:07.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"addOns\":[],\"discounts\":[],\"plans\":[]}]},\"isPremiumUser\":\"0\",\"isStaging\":true,\"articleComments\":{\"status\":\"success\",\"sortby\":null,\"total_comments\":0,\"comments\":[]},\"abGroup\":\"control\",\"articleData\":{\"postType\":\"space\",\"isStaging\":true,\"content\":{\"id\":122635,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$89\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new exoplanet is not only very young compared to the age of its parent star, but is also orbiting at a strange angle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new exoplanet is not only very young compared to the age of its parent star, but is also orbiting at a strange angle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3897,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$8a\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/exoplanet-a-year-three-earth-days\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e1 year is 3 Earth days on this scorching exoplanet found 6 light-years from us\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/exoplanet-discovery-astronomers-ocean-world\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eAstronomers discover an exoplanet that could be an ‘ocean world’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/11-of-the-strangest-exoplanets-from-our-wildly-diverse-universe\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e11 of the strangest exoplanets from our wildly diverse universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\",\"slug\":\"youngest-planet-ever-discovered\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T11:31:50\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 months ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T11:31:59\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 06:31 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 06:31 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/baby-exoplanet.jpg\",\"title\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"name\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"alt_text\":\"Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists\",\"description\":\"Artist's impression of the new baby exoplanet IRAS 04125+2902 b.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-a-rare-glimpse-of-a-newborn-planet/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNASA\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eUniversity of North Carolina researchers have recently discovered a baby exoplanet that could challenge our current understanding of how planets form in newly-minted solar systems. Designated IRAS 04125+2902 b, the new planet is a baby, being only around 3 million years old, which also makes it the youngest planet so far discovered using the dominant method of planet detection.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile its discovery is exciting enough, what is more interesting is that it is not that much older than its parent star. The planet\u0026#8217;s orbit is also misaligned from the protoplanetary disk, allowing researchers to see it clearly.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$8b\",\"$8c\",\"$8d\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe study is available in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08123-3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artist's impression of the new baby exoplanet IRAS 04125+2902 b.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-a-rare-glimpse-of-a-newborn-planet/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNASA\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/exoplanet-a-year-three-earth-days\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e1 year is 3 Earth days on this scorching exoplanet found 6 light-years from us\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/exoplanet-discovery-astronomers-ocean-world\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eAstronomers discover an exoplanet that could be an ‘ocean world’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/11-of-the-strangest-exoplanets-from-our-wildly-diverse-universe\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e11 of the strangest exoplanets from our wildly diverse universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":143318,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$8e\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3429,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$8f\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"slug\":\"thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:18:14\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:19:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:18 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:19 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\",\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"name\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"alt_text\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$90\",\"$91\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143300,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"China\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"EV\",\"geely\",\"Geely Galaxy\",\"Transportation\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"EV\",\"slug\":\"ev\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ev\"},{\"name\":\"geely\",\"slug\":\"geely\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/geely\"},{\"name\":\"Geely Galaxy\",\"slug\":\"geely-galaxy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/geely-galaxy\"},{\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/transportation\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Transportation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/transportation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$92\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"transportation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":7,\"title\":\"China\u0026#8217;s Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe newly launched Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers a 770 miles range with Geely’s latest NordThor hybrid system.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe newly launched Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers a 770 miles range with Geely’s latest NordThor hybrid system.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":2832,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$93\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\\\"\u003eChinese automaker partners with DeepSeek for next-gen smart car AI technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/geely-invests-in-satellite-network-to-boost-autonomous-car-safety\\\"\u003eGeely invests in satellite network to boost autonomous car safety\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/golden-battery-fast-ev-charge\\\"\u003e80% in 9 minutes: Zeekr’s ‘Golden Battery’ sets record for fastest EV charging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\",\"slug\":\"china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:56:54\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:57:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:56 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:57 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-95.png\",\"title\":\"China\u0026#8217;s Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes\",\"name\":\"China\u0026#8217;s Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes\",\"alt_text\":\"China\u0026#8217;s Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes\",\"description\":\"Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.galaxy-geely.com/p145\\\"\u003eGeely Galaxy\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina-based automobile giant Geely is pushing the boundaries of automotive AI with the launch of its Galaxy L7 EM-i.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i builds on the design of the Galaxy L7, featuring a through-type LED headlight group and a closed front panel. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the company, it delivers a WLTC comprehensive fuel consumption of 1.05 to 1.3 liters per 100 km (62 miles) and a total cruising range of 1,240 km (770 miles). \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$94\",\"$95\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Geely’s ‘Smart Geely 2025’ strategy aims to accelerate the adoption of advanced AI technologies, including voice interaction models, AI digital chassis, and intelligent driving systems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.galaxy-geely.com/p145\\\"\u003eGeely Galaxy\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\\\"\u003eChinese automaker partners with DeepSeek for next-gen smart car AI technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/geely-invests-in-satellite-network-to-boost-autonomous-car-safety\\\"\u003eGeely invests in satellite network to boost autonomous car safety\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/golden-battery-fast-ev-charge\\\"\u003e80% in 9 minutes: Zeekr’s ‘Golden Battery’ sets record for fastest EV charging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143287,\"tags\":[\"gravitational waves\",\"Physics\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"gravitational waves\",\"slug\":\"gravitational-waves\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/gravitational-waves\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$96\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eWhile LIGO\u0026#8217;s laser can currently reach 750 kilowatts, it needs to surpass one megawatt to achieve its full potential.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eWhile LIGO\u0026#8217;s laser can currently reach 750 kilowatts, it needs to surpass one megawatt to achieve its full potential.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3751,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$97\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eMIT’s next-gen gravitational-wave detector will replace LIGO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eDark matter detection closer as LIGO’s potential boosted 10,000 times\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThe LIGO observatory is finally back, now with double the sensitivity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"slug\":\"ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:02:41\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:02:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/LIGO-laser-boost.png\",\"title\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"name\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"alt_text\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"description\":\"Researchers working on the newly developed optical device.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eUniversity of California, Riverside (UCR)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, is one of the most powerful scientific equipment for detecting gravitational waves. Covering an area of 16 square kilometers, it also happens to be among the world’s largest scientific facilities. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there’s something that prevents this giant instrument from realizing its full potential.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, LIGO’s laser power starts at 200 Watts, and with maximum amplification, it can go up to 750 kilowatts — but this is not enough. According to scientists, the LIGO laser must cross the one-megawatt level to accomplish desirable results. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$98\",\"$99\",\"$9a\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003ePhysical Review Letters\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers working on the newly developed optical device.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eUniversity of California, Riverside (UCR)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eMIT’s next-gen gravitational-wave detector will replace LIGO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eDark matter detection closer as LIGO’s potential boosted 10,000 times\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThe LIGO observatory is finally back, now with double the sensitivity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141374,\"tags\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Earth\",\"slug\":\"earth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/earth\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Mars\",\"slug\":\"mars\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mars\"},{\"name\":\"Olympus Mons\",\"slug\":\"olympus-mons\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/olympus-mons\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Lists\",\"slug\":\"lists\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/lists\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$9b\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"lists\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":13,\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":12017,\"readTime\":\"11 minutes\",\"body\":\"$9c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"slug\":\"mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:34 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":true,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"alt_text\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most extreme topographical features within our solar system. Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$9d\",\"$9e\",\"$9f\",\"$a0\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a1\",\"$a2\",\"$a3\",\"$a4\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":true,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143268,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"memory storage\",\"Quantum\",\"quantum battery\",\"quantum computer\",\"rare earth\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"memory storage\",\"slug\":\"memory-storage\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/memory-storage\"},{\"name\":\"Quantum\",\"slug\":\"quantum\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/quantum\"},{\"name\":\"quantum battery\",\"slug\":\"quantum-battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/quantum-battery\"},{\"name\":\"quantum computer\",\"slug\":\"quantum-computer\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/quantum-computer\"},{\"name\":\"rare earth\",\"slug\":\"rare-earth-2\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/rare-earth-2\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$a5\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eTo create the new memory storage technique, the team added ions of “rare earth,” a group of elements also known as lanthanides, to a crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eTo create the new memory storage technique, the team added ions of “rare earth,” a group of elements also known as lanthanides, to a crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3727,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a6\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\\\"\u003ePhoton-powered quantum battery breakthrough could boost solar cell efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-store-retrieve-quantum-data\\\"\u003eIn a global first, scientists create, store, and retrieve quantum data \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-first-hybrid-quantum-supercomputer-reimei-activated\\\"\u003eWorld’s first hybrid quantum supercomputer Reimei activated in Japan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\",\"slug\":\"terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:48:06\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:50:10\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:48 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:50 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\",\"title\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"name\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"alt_text\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"description\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\\\"\u003eZhong Lab\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering have developed a method to store data using crystal defects as ones and zeroes, each the size of an individual atom.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUChicago PME Assistant Professor Tian Zhong explained that each memory cell is created from a single missing atom, or defect. This approach allows terabytes of data to be packed into a small cube of material just a millimeter in size, shows the research published in \u003cem\u003eNanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a7\",\"$a8\",\"$a9\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\\\"\u003eZhong Lab\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\\\"\u003ePhoton-powered quantum battery breakthrough could boost solar cell efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-store-retrieve-quantum-data\\\"\u003eIn a global first, scientists create, store, and retrieve quantum data \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-first-hybrid-quantum-supercomputer-reimei-activated\\\"\u003eWorld’s first hybrid quantum supercomputer Reimei activated in Japan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143164,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\",\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$aa\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new technique, which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries, has been found to extend their life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new technique, which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries, has been found to extend their life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3690,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ab\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/750-percent-longer-lithium-battery-life\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e750% longer lithium battery life achieved with water-based breakthrough\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/thinnest-possible-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThinnest possible lithium-ion battery’s energy storage process decoded\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSelf-healing lithium-ion battery that stretches 250% unveiled in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"slug\":\"reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:32:02\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:33:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:32 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:33 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-16475641641.jpg\",\"title\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"name\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"alt_text\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"description\":\"Electric vehicle's lithium battery pack\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-car-lithium-battery-pack-and-wiring-connections-internal-between-cells-on-gm1647564164-533812476\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekynny\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have come up a new \u0026#8216;precision therapy\u0026#8217; for old lithium-ion batteries to restore them to near factory-fresh condition. Developed by a team at Fudan University in Shanghai, the method could extend battery life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis could have huge implications across several sectors, including electric vehicles (EVs), smartphones and energy-storage facilities. Such technology would prove revolutionary for batteries typically lasting between 1,000 and 1,500 cycles (around six to eight years of use).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ac\",\"$ad\",\"$ae\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eYou can view the study \u003ca href=\\\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39939772/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Electric vehicle's lithium battery pack\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-car-lithium-battery-pack-and-wiring-connections-internal-between-cells-on-gm1647564164-533812476\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekynny\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/750-percent-longer-lithium-battery-life\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e750% longer lithium battery life achieved with water-based breakthrough\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/thinnest-possible-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThinnest possible lithium-ion battery’s energy storage process decoded\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSelf-healing lithium-ion battery that stretches 250% unveiled in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143224,\"tags\":[\"3d\",\"4D\",\"Physics\",\"quasicrystal\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"3d\",\"slug\":\"3d\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/3d\"},{\"name\":\"4D\",\"slug\":\"4d\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/4d\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"quasicrystal\",\"slug\":\"quasicrystal\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/quasicrystal\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$af\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eNew study on quasicrystals shows the patterns we see in nature could be just shadows of a hidden reality from higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eNew study on quasicrystals shows the patterns we see in nature could be just shadows of a hidden reality from higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3296,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b0\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eQuantum chess: Unraveling the mysteries of quasicrystals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eUnderstanding the Fourth Dimension From Our 3D Perspective\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow Many Dimensions Does Our Universe Really Have?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"slug\":\"quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:32 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:43 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"title\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"name\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"alt_text\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"description\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLinKayser, AMES lab/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA team of international researchers has shown that four-dimensional structures can influence the mechanical and topological properties of quasiperiodic crystals. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003equasiperiodic crystal\u003c/a\u003e (also called quasicrystal) is a solid material with an ordered structure that never repeats exactly, like how it happens in regular crystals but follows specific mathematical rules.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b1\",\"$b2\",\"$b3\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLinKayser, AMES lab/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eQuantum chess: Unraveling the mysteries of quasicrystals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eUnderstanding the Fourth Dimension From Our 3D Perspective\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow Many Dimensions Does Our Universe Really Have?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143159,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Laser\",\"plasma\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Laser\",\"slug\":\"laser\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/laser\"},{\"name\":\"plasma\",\"slug\":\"plasma\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plasma\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$b4\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eA thin sheet of water replaced the conventional solid target in this novel approach.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eA thin sheet of water replaced the conventional solid target in this novel approach.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3533,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b5\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/supercharge-lasers-million-universe\\\"\u003e1,000,000x power lasers could be used to study the nature of the universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bow-shock-reveals-secrets-electron-injection\\\"\u003eA heavy 500 keV bow shock reveals the secrets of electron injection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/grapes-double-quantum-sensor-magnetic-power\\\"\u003eGrapes double quantum sensor magnetic power in a groundbreaking experiment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\",\"slug\":\"water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:17:54\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:04:56\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:17 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:04 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Laser-Plasma-1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research\",\"name\":\"Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research\",\"alt_text\":\"Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research\",\"description\":\"This breakthrough was achieved using a readily available low-energy laser system.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/topics/lasers\\\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\"\u003eSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"slug\":\"aman-tripathi\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a8260394272a3c62baa898aee75f910?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"aman-tripathi\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi\",\"description\":\"An active and versatile journalist and news editor. He has covered regular and breaking news for several leading publications and news media, including The Hindu, Economic Times, Tomorrow Makers, and many more. Aman holds expertise in politics, travel, and tech news, especially in AI, advanced algorithms, and blockchain, with a strong curiosity about all things that fall under science and tech.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have achieved a significant milestone in laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey have generated fast, bright proton beams by using the power of a simple water stream.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough addresses long-standing challenges and brings LPA technology closer to real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“These exciting results pave the way for new applications of relativistic high-power lasers for applications in medicine, accelerator research, and inertial fusion,” said Siegfried Glenzer, director of the High Energy Density Science division at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b6\",\"$b7\",\"$b8\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"This breakthrough was achieved using a readily available low-energy laser system.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/topics/lasers\\\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\"\u003eSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/supercharge-lasers-million-universe\\\"\u003e1,000,000x power lasers could be used to study the nature of the universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bow-shock-reveals-secrets-electron-injection\\\"\u003eA heavy 500 keV bow shock reveals the secrets of electron injection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/grapes-double-quantum-sensor-magnetic-power\\\"\u003eGrapes double quantum sensor magnetic power in a groundbreaking experiment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143194,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Elon Musk\",\"Facebook\",\"Humanoid robots\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Meta\",\"Optimus\",\"Tesla\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Elon Musk\",\"slug\":\"elon-musk\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/elon-musk\"},{\"name\":\"Facebook\",\"slug\":\"facebook\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/facebook\"},{\"name\":\"Humanoid robots\",\"slug\":\"humanoid-robots\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/humanoid-robots\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Meta\",\"slug\":\"meta\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/meta\"},{\"name\":\"Optimus\",\"slug\":\"optimus\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/optimus\"},{\"name\":\"Tesla\",\"slug\":\"tesla\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/tesla\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$b9\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eMeta\u0026#8217;s internal memo also revealed that the company plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eMeta\u0026#8217;s internal memo also revealed that the company plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3856,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ba\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\\\"\u003eiHumanoid? Apple secretly planning powerful humanoid robot to rival China, Tesla\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\\\"\u003eUS firm unveils plan for 100,000-strong humanoid robot army to counter China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\"\u003eWatch: Tesla’s Optimus humanoid robot conquers hill with new neural tech power \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"slug\":\"meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:58:41\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:02:55\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:58 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-humanoid-robots.png\",\"title\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"name\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"alt_text\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"description\":\"Representational image depicting humanoid robots\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/3d-rendering-biorobots-concept_29317036.htm#fromView=search\u0026amp;page=1\u0026amp;position=2\u0026amp;uuid=5429aa6c-723c-421e-aa71-2ea0ef58f106\u0026amp;query=humanoid+robots\\\"\u003eFreepik\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing its big bet on artificial intelligence (AI), Meta seems to have set its sight on the next major plunge. If an internal company memo accessed by \u003cem\u003eReuters \u003c/em\u003eis to be believed, the California-based tech conglomerate is setting up a new division as part of its Reality Labs unit to develop humanoid robots, powered by AI, which can assist with physical tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the memo reviewed by \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e, Meta\u0026#8217;s chief technology officer Andrew Bosworth revealed that the robotics product group would focus on research and development of \u0026#8220;consumer humanoid robots\u0026#8221; aimed at maximizing its main series of AI foundation models called Llama. According to Bosworth, expanding the portfolio to invest in this field will bring additional value to Meta AI and its mixed and augmented reality programs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$bb\",\"$bc\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the long run, Meta will face stiff competition from the likes of Tesla, whose CEO Elon Musk had recently \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e that his company’s humanoid robot Optimus is capable of performing many daily tasks and will eventually be sold to customers.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla plans to deploy pre-production Optimus prototypes in its factories by late 2025, with production units expected to be available by 2026. During the current year, Tesla aims to have more than 1,000 robots in its manufacturing facilities, and Musk predicts that Optimus could help the company achieve a $25 trillion valuation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWith production costs around $10,000 and a retail price of about $20,000 per unit, Tesla expects significant profitability. Musk also forecasts a global market for one billion robots annually, with the company capturing 10% of that market.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image depicting humanoid robots\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/3d-rendering-biorobots-concept_29317036.htm#fromView=search\u0026amp;page=1\u0026amp;position=2\u0026amp;uuid=5429aa6c-723c-421e-aa71-2ea0ef58f106\u0026amp;query=humanoid+robots\\\"\u003eFreepik\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\\\"\u003eiHumanoid? Apple secretly planning powerful humanoid robot to rival China, Tesla\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\\\"\u003eUS firm unveils plan for 100,000-strong humanoid robot army to counter China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\"\u003eWatch: Tesla’s Optimus humanoid robot conquers hill with new neural tech power \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143146,\"tags\":[\"Electronic fabric\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Electronic fabric\",\"slug\":\"electronic-fabric\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/electronic-fabric\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$bd\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eReports revealed that the display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eReports revealed that the display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3500,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$be\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/lg-display-expands-by-50-folds\\\"\u003eLG display expands by 50%, folds, twists, survives ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-panda-like-robot-saudi-tech-show\\\"\u003eChina’s UBTECH unveils humanoids and panda-like robot at Saudi tech show\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-dynamic-humanlike-expressions\\\"\u003eScientists develop tech for real-time, emotion-driven robot faces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"slug\":\"electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:38:09\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:42:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:38 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:42 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/fabric.png\",\"title\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"name\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"alt_text\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"description\":\"Researchers believe that their groundbreaking approach opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/abstract-hologram-landscape-background-gm1284442931-381578566\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekoto_feja\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have created a new type of electronic fabric that maintains consistent performance even when repeatedly stretched, bent, and twisted. It\u0026#8217;s also capable of producing bright light and clear sound while stretching to double its original size.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by researchers from the Korea University of Technology and Education and the University of California San Diego, the composite material combines three significant components (Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, was developed utilizing transparent ionogel electrodes and a high dielectric layer composed of Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$bf\",\"$c0\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers believe that their groundbreaking approach opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/abstract-hologram-landscape-background-gm1284442931-381578566\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekoto_feja\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/lg-display-expands-by-50-folds\\\"\u003eLG display expands by 50%, folds, twists, survives ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-panda-like-robot-saudi-tech-show\\\"\u003eChina’s UBTECH unveils humanoids and panda-like robot at Saudi tech show\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-dynamic-humanlike-expressions\\\"\u003eScientists develop tech for real-time, emotion-driven robot faces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":143318,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c1\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3429,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c2\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"slug\":\"thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:18:14\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:19:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:18 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:19 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\",\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"name\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"alt_text\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c3\",\"$c4\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141374,\"tags\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Earth\",\"slug\":\"earth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/earth\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Mars\",\"slug\":\"mars\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mars\"},{\"name\":\"Olympus Mons\",\"slug\":\"olympus-mons\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/olympus-mons\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Lists\",\"slug\":\"lists\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/lists\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c5\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"lists\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":13,\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":12017,\"readTime\":\"11 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c6\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"slug\":\"mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:34 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":true,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"alt_text\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most extreme topographical features within our solar system. Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c7\",\"$c8\",\"$c9\",\"$ca\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$cb\",\"$cc\",\"$cd\",\"$ce\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":true,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":142480,\"tags\":[\"KM3NeT\",\"neutrino\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"KM3NeT\",\"slug\":\"km3net\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/km3net\"},{\"name\":\"neutrino\",\"slug\":\"neutrino\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/neutrino\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$cf\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Scientists detect most powerful neutrino ever at 220 million billion electron volt\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn February 2023, a deep sea detector detected evidence of a cataclysmic cosmic event. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn February 2023, a deep sea detector detected evidence of a cataclysmic cosmic event. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3772,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d0\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/particle-physics-standard-model-neutrino\\\"\u003eWhen will we 'weigh' the neutrino? Project 8 offers hope\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-advances-underwater-neutrino-research\\\"\u003eChina deploys prototype detectors to locate neutrinos in South China Sea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/800-mile-neutrino-beam-probes-earth-in-dune-experiment\\\"\u003e800-mile neutrino beam probes Earth in DUNE experiment\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\",\"slug\":\"scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-12T16:02:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"5 days ago\",\"update_date\":null,\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 12, 2025 11:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":null,\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-10.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists detect most powerful neutrino ever at 220 million billion electron volt\",\"name\":\"Scientists detect most powerful neutrino ever at 220 million billion electron volt\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists detect most powerful neutrino ever at 220 million billion electron volt\",\"description\":\"Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/KM3NeT_ARCA_detection_units_on_ship_April2021-scaled.jpg\\\"\u003eKM3NeT\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn February 2023, a deep sea detector detected evidence of a cataclysmic cosmic event.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA neutrino with an estimated energy of 220 PeV – that\u0026#8217;s 220 million billion electron volts – slammed into the seawater near the detector. The event designated KM3-230213A is the “most energetic neutrino” ever observed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers state that the discovery of this extremely high-energy neutrino is the first concrete proof that the universe produces neutrinos at these incredible energy levels. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d1\",\"$d2\",\"$d3\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, with only one event, it\u0026#8217;s impossible to know for sure. Scientists hope to detect more of these neutrinos to determine their origin.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08543-1\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eNature.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":1,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-detect-most-powerful-neutrino-ever-at-220-million-billion-electron-volt\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/KM3NeT_ARCA_detection_units_on_ship_April2021-scaled.jpg\\\"\u003eKM3NeT\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/particle-physics-standard-model-neutrino\\\"\u003eWhen will we 'weigh' the neutrino? 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NASA gear up to stop ‘highest-risk’ asteroid that could hit Earth in 2032\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eAstronomers are trying to precisely determine the asteroid\u0026#8217;s orbit to eliminate any impact risk.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eAstronomers are trying to precisely determine the asteroid\u0026#8217;s orbit to eliminate any impact risk.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3546,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d5\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\\\"\u003eFootball field-sized 'city killer' asteroid could hit Earth in 2032\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-could-strike-earth-experts-warn\\\"\u003eGiant 196-foot-wide killer asteroid could strike Earth in 2032, experts warn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-dart-impact-reveals-unexpected-asteroid-secrets\\\"\u003eNASA's DART impact reveals unexpected asteroid secrets\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\",\"slug\":\"china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-11T13:03:37\",\"timeAgo\":\"6 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-11T13:03:45\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 11, 2025 08:03 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 11, 2025 08:03 AM 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Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA potentially hazardous asteroid, 2024 YR4, has been discovered, and it\u0026#8217;s got the world\u0026#8217;s attention.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBoth China and the US are ramping up efforts to monitor this asteroid, which has a tiny chance of impacting Earth in 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the collision chance is small, the potential consequences are significant enough to trigger a global response.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis asteroid, estimated to be between 40 and 90 meters in diameter, was first spotted in December 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d6\",\"$d7\",\"$d8\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A potentially hazardous asteroid, 2024 YR4, has a tiny chance of impacting Earth in 2032. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/asteroid-impact-on-earth-meteor-in-collision-with-planet-contain-3d-rendering-gm1367201304-437529415?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\\\"\u003eFootball field-sized 'city killer' asteroid could hit Earth in 2032\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-could-strike-earth-experts-warn\\\"\u003eGiant 196-foot-wide killer asteroid could strike Earth in 2032, experts warn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-dart-impact-reveals-unexpected-asteroid-secrets\\\"\u003eNASA's DART impact reveals unexpected asteroid 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likely.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eWith the rise in satellite and rocket launches like SpaceX\u0026#8217;s Starlink, the probability of a collision is becoming more likely.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3702,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$da\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-organizations-space-debris-problem\\\"\u003e11 organizations tackling the space debris problem\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/space-junk-future-danger-we-can-clean-it\\\"\u003eSpace junk is placing our future in danger. Here’s how we can clean it\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-damages-claim-iss-space-trash\\\"\u003eNASA faces first-of-its-kind damages claim after ISS space trash impacts home\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/space-debris-striking-planes-study-warns\",\"slug\":\"space-debris-striking-planes-study-warns\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-10T09:31:42\",\"timeAgo\":\"7 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-10T09:37:26\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 10, 2025 04:31 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 10, 2025 04:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE_de219e.jpg\",\"title\":\"Space debris striking passenger planes could become a deadly reality, study warns\",\"name\":\"Space debris striking passenger planes could become a deadly reality, study warns\",\"alt_text\":\"Space debris striking passenger planes could become a deadly reality, study warns\",\"description\":\"A new study highlights the growing danger of falling space debris striking an airplane.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellites-orbiting-earth-facilitating-telecommunication-and-high-speed-internet-gm2101393672-566420053\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eWe\u0026#8217;ve all seen rockets blast off into space, but what goes up must come down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA new study highlights the growing danger of falling space debris striking a passenger airplane or other aircraft. While such an incident hasn\u0026#8217;t occurred yet, the potential consequences could be devastating.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the University of British Columbia have modeled the paths of falling rocket bodies and compared them to global flight data.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$db\",\"$dc\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe “situation puts national authorities in a dilemma—to close airspace or not—with safety and economic implications either way,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis was evident in 2022 with the re-entry of the Long March 5B rocket body. Fortunately, the rocket ultimately landed in the ocean. However, the incident raised concerns about the safety of populated areas and the need for improved strategies to mitigate the risks posed by uncontrolled re-entries.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers propose controlled rocket reentry as a solution to the space debris problem. Currently, this type of \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/space-junk-future-danger-we-can-clean-it\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003etechnology\u003c/a\u003e is reportedly used in less than 35% of launches. This would allow for targeted and safer re-entries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe situation is only getting worse. Incidents like the large piece of space debris that crashed through a Florida home last year demonstrate the real and present danger.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAirspace authorities will face the challenge of uncontrolled reentries for decades to come, the study warned. The experts highlight that there needs to be urgent government and private sector collaboration. It shouldn\u0026#8217;t take a disaster to force action.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84001-2\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eScientific Reports.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/space-debris-striking-planes-study-warns\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A new study highlights the growing danger of falling space debris striking an airplane.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellites-orbiting-earth-facilitating-telecommunication-and-high-speed-internet-gm2101393672-566420053\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-organizations-space-debris-problem\\\"\u003e11 organizations tackling the space debris problem\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/space-junk-future-danger-we-can-clean-it\\\"\u003eSpace junk is placing our future in danger. Here’s how we can clean it\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-damages-claim-iss-space-trash\\\"\u003eNASA faces first-of-its-kind damages claim after ISS space trash impacts home\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":143177,\"tags\":[\"Chernobyl\",\"Drones\",\"IAEA\",\"Nuclear plant\",\"nuclear war\",\"Russia\",\"Ukraine\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Chernobyl\",\"slug\":\"chernobyl\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/chernobyl\"},{\"name\":\"Drones\",\"slug\":\"drones\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/drones\"},{\"name\":\"IAEA\",\"slug\":\"iaea\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/iaea\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear 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denied its involvement in the attack, UN\u0026#8217;s International Atomic Energy Agency stated that radiation levels are in check.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eWhile Moscow has denied its involvement in the attack, UN\u0026#8217;s International Atomic Energy Agency stated that radiation levels are in check.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3363,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$de\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/ukraine-ballistic-missile-test-develop\\\"\u003eUkraine develops first indigenous ballistic missile, announces successful test\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/chernobyl-frogs-resist-nuclear-radiation\\\"\u003eChernobyl frogs resist nuclear radiation, beat fast aging, stress: Study stuns\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\\\"\u003eChernobyl soil declared ‘safe’ for farming 38 years after nuclear disaster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"slug\":\"chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 08:27 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 08:30 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"title\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#8217;s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\",\"name\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#8217;s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\",\"alt_text\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#8217;s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\",\"description\":\"Image of the damaged shelter at the Chernobyl nuclear plant\",\"reference\":\"\u003cdiv class=\\\"css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-b88u0q r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-1ddef8g\\\" dir=\\\"ltr\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"css-1jxf684 r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-1udbk01 r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\\\"\u003eVolodymyr Zelensky/X\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eUkraine\u0026#8217;s President Volodymyr Zelensky stated that a drone armed with a warhead struck the protective outer shell of the Chernobyl nuclear plant early Friday, creating a hole in the structure and briefly igniting a fire. He blamed Russia for the strike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the aftermath of the event, Chernobyl’s chief engineer Oleksandr Tytarchuk stated that the shelter is no longer fulfilling its protective function following the damage. He warned of a potential risk of radioactive substances being released. Although the situation was under control according to Tytarchuk, he noted that repairs could require significant time and effort. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$df\",\"$e0\",\"$e1\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Image of the damaged shelter at the Chernobyl nuclear plant\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003cdiv class=\\\"css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-b88u0q r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-1ddef8g\\\" dir=\\\"ltr\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"css-1jxf684 r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-1udbk01 r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\\\"\u003eVolodymyr Zelensky/X\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/ukraine-ballistic-missile-test-develop\\\"\u003eUkraine develops first indigenous ballistic missile, announces successful test\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/chernobyl-frogs-resist-nuclear-radiation\\\"\u003eChernobyl frogs resist nuclear radiation, beat fast aging, stress: Study stuns\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\\\"\u003eChernobyl soil declared ‘safe’ for farming 38 years after nuclear disaster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143189,\"tags\":[\"archaeology\",\"History\",\"roman empire\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"archaeology\",\"slug\":\"archaeology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaeology\"},{\"name\":\"History\",\"slug\":\"history\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/history\"},{\"name\":\"roman empire\",\"slug\":\"roman-empire\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/roman-empire\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$e2\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#8217;s first Roman basilica unearthed in \u0026#8216;extraordinary\u0026#8217; state\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe first Roman basilica has been unearthed in the heart of Roman London, over 2,000 years old. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe first Roman basilica has been unearthed in the heart of Roman London, over 2,000 years old. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3497,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$e3\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/statue-embedded-in-wall-in-philippi\\\"\u003eByzantine-era statue embedded in wall found in 2,400-year-old Philippi\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/2000-year-old-lavish-bathhouse-in-pompeii\\\"\u003e2,000-year-old lavish bathhouse unearthed in Pompeii in ‘once-in-a-century’ find\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/cleopatra-sister-skull-belongs-to-boy\\\"\u003eSkull of Cleopatra’s sister turns out to be remains of 11-year-old boy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/london-first-roman-basilica\",\"slug\":\"london-first-roman-basilica\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T12:04:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T12:05:06\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 07:04 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 07:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screen-Shot-2025-02-15-at-4.16.52-PM.png\",\"title\":\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#8217;s first Roman basilica unearthed in \u0026#8216;extraordinary\u0026#8217; state\",\"name\":\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#8217;s first Roman basilica unearthed in \u0026#8216;extraordinary\u0026#8217; state\",\"alt_text\":\"2,000-year-old London\u0026#8217;s first Roman basilica unearthed in \u0026#8216;extraordinary\u0026#8217; state\",\"description\":\"A section of wall from the Roman Basilica.\",\"reference\":\"©\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.mola.org.uk/discoveries/news/uncovering-heart-roman-london\\\"\u003eMOLA\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eDeep beneath a modern office building in London, archaeologists have made an extraordinary discovery – the remains of the first Roman basilica in the city.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed shortly after the Roman conquest of Britain, this impressive structure was a key part of Londinium\u0026#8217;s bustling forum.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe basilica, comparable in size to a football field, dominated the city\u0026#8217;s landscape. 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(Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\\\"\u003eToyota\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eToyota, a leading Japanese automaker, has launched its third-generation fuel cell system (3rd Gen FC System) that delivers two times more durability than the prior generation. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eToyota\u0026#8217;s new fuel cell also delivers 20% more cruising range. This advanced system has been launched as part of the company\u0026#8217;s continued efforts toward the realization of a hydrogen society.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eToyota claims that the FC is designed to meet the needs of the commercial sector with the same durability as conventional diesel-powered engines.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ea\",\"$eb\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBack in 2014, the company launched the MIRAI fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) and has since sold approximately 28,000 units across more than 30 countries and territories.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSince 2019, Toyota has started supplying FC systems for use in other applications, such as buses, railroads, and stationary power generators, supplying more than 2,700 units to more than 100 customers globally.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe company revealed that in Japan, it works with many partners, particularly in Tokyo and Fukushima prefectures, to implement these systems in the commercial sector and help create a hydrogen society.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe new 3rd Gen FC System was developed based on customer feedback and insights from proof-of-concepts and demonstration tests over the past several years, according to Toyota.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/toyota-new-fuel-cell-more-range\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Toyota started supplying FC systems for use in other applications, such as buses, railroads, and stationary power generators since 2019. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/42218558.html\\\"\u003eToyota\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"$ec\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143178,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Health\",\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Health\",\"slug\":\"health\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/health\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$ed\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"From spacesuits to car seats: New AI jacket tech adapts to your optimal body heat\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe smart jacket, controlled by AI, is made up of a new e-textile which contains heat-generating, silver-coated yarn and two types of thermochromic yarn.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe smart jacket, controlled by AI, is made up of a new e-textile which contains heat-generating, silver-coated yarn and two types of thermochromic yarn.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3517,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ee\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/smart-textile-nc-state\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThreads to tech: Researchers play video game with just a piece of fabric\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/what-is-smart-clothing-technology-and-how-does-it-work\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWhat is Smart Clothing Technology and How Does it Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fabric-generates-electricity-from-body-heat\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eResearchers develop fabric that generates electricity from body heat\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/new-ai-smart-jacket-warm-without-overheating\",\"slug\":\"new-ai-smart-jacket-warm-without-overheating\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T10:58:46\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T11:02:41\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 05:58 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 06:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-12533090271.jpg\",\"title\":\"From spacesuits to car seats: New AI jacket tech adapts to your optimal body heat\",\"name\":\"From spacesuits to car seats: New AI jacket tech adapts to your optimal body heat\",\"alt_text\":\"From spacesuits to car seats: New AI jacket tech adapts to your optimal body heat\",\"description\":\"Representational image of an electronic textile\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/smart-fabric-gm1253309027-365978480\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003epiranka\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a new artificial intelligence (AI)-driven smart textile that automatically adjusts heating and cooling for maximum user comfort. Dubbed \u0026#8216;smart jacket\u0026#8217;, the garment comes equipped with environmental sensors, heat-generating and color-changing yarns to prevent potentially harmful outcomes like hyperthermia or burns.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eElectronic textiles are regularly employed as heating pads and electric blankets to keep wearers warm and help ease aches and pains. However, prolonged use can result in heat-related issues.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ef\",\"$f0\",\"$f1\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-ai-smart-jacket-warm-without-overheating\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of an electronic textile\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/smart-fabric-gm1253309027-365978480\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003epiranka\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/smart-textile-nc-state\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThreads to tech: Researchers play video game with just a piece of fabric\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/what-is-smart-clothing-technology-and-how-does-it-work\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWhat is Smart Clothing Technology and How Does it Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fabric-generates-electricity-from-body-heat\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eResearchers develop fabric that generates electricity from body heat\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"comments\":[],\"editorsPick\":[],\"latestArticles\":[{\"id\":143473,\"title\":\"US unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload\",\"slug\":\"avs-jump-20-x-drone\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-17 09:21:55\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The JUMP 20-X is compatible with various fuel types, radio systems, and payloads, making it one of the most adaptable maritime drones available.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AV-UAV.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":59936,\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/avs-jump-20-x-drone\"},{\"id\":143294,\"title\":\"Money likely originated from long-distance trade between strangers, suggests study\",\"slug\":\"money-originated-from-long-distance-trade\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16 17:19:11\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"An archaeologist presented a new theory as to where money came from: external trade. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/coinsso.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62166,\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria.mocerino@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/money-originated-from-long-distance-trade\"},{\"id\":143396,\"title\":\"Ultra-hard 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