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چوريو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">لڪايو</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> رھنمائي </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%DA%A9_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%88" title="مک صفحو گھمو [z]" accesskey="z"><span>مک صفحو</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82" title="ھن رٿا بابت، توھان ڇا ٿا ڪري سگهو، شيون ڪٿي ڳولھجن"><span>اوطاق</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%BB%D9%88%DA%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A7" title="تازن واقعن تي تفصيلي ڄاڻ لھو"><span>هاڻوڪا واقعا</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="ھن وڪيءَ ۾ تازين تبديلين جي فھرست [r]" accesskey="r"><span>تازيون تبديليون</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="ڪو بلاترتيب صفحو اتاريو [x]" accesskey="x"><span>بلاترتيب صفحو</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ڳولي لھڻ جي جاءِ"><span>مدد</span></a></li><li id="n-sandboxlink-portlet-label" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88"><span>مشق پٽي</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%DA%A9_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%88" class="mw-logo"> 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ڳولا</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="وڪيپيڊيا ۾ ڳوليو" aria-label="وڪيپيڊيا ۾ ڳوليو" autocapitalize="sentences" title="۾ ڳوليو وڪيپيڊيا [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="خاص:ڳولا"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ڳوليو</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ذاتي اوزار"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ڏيک"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ڏيک" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ڏيک</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sd.wikipedia.org&uselang=sd" class=""><span>امداد ڏيو</span></a> 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id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ذاتي اوزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ذاتي اوزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="واپرائيندڙ جو مينيو" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="فھرست" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فھرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">سائڊبار ڏانھن چوريو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">لڪايو</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">تعارف</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-اباڪس_جي_ابتدا_۽_ارتقا" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#اباڪس_جي_ابتدا_۽_ارتقا"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>اباڪس جي ابتدا ۽ ارتقا</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-اباڪس_جي_ابتدا_۽_ارتقا-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالا" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالا"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>حوالا</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالا-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فھرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="عنوانن جي فھرست کي ٽوگل ڪريو" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">عنوانن جي فھرست کي ٽوگل ڪريو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">آباڪس</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ڪنھن مضمون ڏانھن ڪنھن ٻي ٻوليءَ ۾ وڃو. 109 ٻولين ۾ موجود آھي" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 ٻوليون</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – آفريڪي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="آفريڪي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaco" title="Abaco – ارگني" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Abaco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ارگني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="معداد – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معداد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B" title="এবাকাছ – آسامي" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এবাকাছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="آسامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81bacu" title="Ábacu – اسٽورين" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ábacu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="اسٽورين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakhu%C3%B1a" title="Jakhuña – ایمارا" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jakhuña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ایمارا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak" title="Abak – آزربائيجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abak" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="آزربائيجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%87" title="چؤرتکه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چؤرتکه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – بيلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بيلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="Абак (сметало) – بلغاريائي" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абак (сметало)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاريائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – بسلاما" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="بسلاما" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="অ্যাবাকাস – بنگلا" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাবাকাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگلا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(ra%C4%8Dunaljka)" title="Abakus (računaljka) – بوسنيائي" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abakus (računaljka)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Сампин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сампин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80bac" title="Àbac – ڪيٽالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àbac" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ڪيٽالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ung-bu%C3%A0ng" title="Sáung-buàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sáung-buàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADtadlo" title="Počítadlo – چيڪ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Počítadlo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چيڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – چو واش" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چو واش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacws" title="Abacws – ويلش" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abacws" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus_(regnemaskine)" title="Abacus (regnemaskine) – ڊينش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abacus (regnemaskine)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڊينش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(Rechenhilfsmittel)" title="Abakus (Rechenhilfsmittel) – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abakus (Rechenhilfsmittel)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άβακας – يوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άβακας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="يوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus – انگريزي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abacus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگريزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abako_(me%C4%A5anika_kalkulilo)" title="Abako (meĥanika kalkulilo) – ايسپرانٽو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abako (meĥanika kalkulilo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ايسپرانٽو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81baco" title="Ábaco – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ábaco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – ايستونائي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ايستونائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abako" title="Abako – باسق" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abako" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%87" title="چرتکه – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چرتکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmitaulu" title="Helmitaulu – فنش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Helmitaulu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فنش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaque_(calcul)" title="Abaque (calcul) – فرانسيسي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abaque (calcul)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسيسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacas" title="Abacas – آئرش" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Abacas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="آئرش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%9B%A4" title="算盤 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="算盤" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouly%C3%A9" title="Boulyé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Boulyé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81baco" title="Ábaco – گليشئين" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ábaco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گليشئين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="چۊرتيکا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چۊرتيکا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%98%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%80" title="મણકાઘોડી – گجراتي" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મણકાઘોડી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="گجراتي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="חשבונייה – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חשבונייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="गिनतारा – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गिनतारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak" title="Abak – ڪروشيائي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ڪروشيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakusz" title="Abakusz – هنگري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abakusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنگري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AF_(%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF)" title="Աբակ (տախտակ) – ارماني" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբակ (տախտակ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ارماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaco" title="Abaco – انٽرلنگئا" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Abaco" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="انٽرلنگئا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swipoa" title="Swipoa – انڊونيشي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Swipoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڊونيشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abako" title="Abako – ادو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abako" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ادو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talnagrind" title="Talnagrind – آئيس لينڊڪ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Talnagrind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="آئيس لينڊڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaco" title="Abaco – اطالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abaco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%90%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9" title="アバカス – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アバカス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakos" title="Abakos – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Abakos" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpoa" title="Simpoa – جاونيز" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Simpoa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="جاونيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="აბაკი – جارجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბაკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جارجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus – اڪويو" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Abacus" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="اڪويو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81" title="ក្បាច់គិតលេខ – خمر" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្បាច់គិតលេខ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="خمر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಅಬ್ಯಾಕಸ್‌ – ڪناڊا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಬ್ಯಾಕಸ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ڪناڊا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%90" title="주판 – ڪوريائي" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ڪوريائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%90%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%95" title="گِنتارٕ – ڪشميري" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گِنتارٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ڪشميري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Абак (математика) – ڪرغيز" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Абак (математика)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ڪرغيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus – لاطيني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abacus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاطيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaco" title="Abaco – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Abaco" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8lraam" title="Tèlraam – لمبرگش" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tèlraam" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لمبرگش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ລູກຄິດ – لائو" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລູກຄິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="لائو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakas" title="Abakas – ليٿونيائي" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abakas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليٿونيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skait%C4%ABk%C4%BCi" title="Skaitīkļi – لاتوين" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skaitīkļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لاتوين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сметалка – ميسي ڊونيائي" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сметалка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ميسي ڊونيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="മണിച്ചട്ടം – مليالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മണിച്ചട്ടം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مليالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Сампин – منگولي" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сампин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منگولي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sempoa" title="Sempoa – ملي" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sempoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81baco" title="Ábaco – مرانڊيز" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ábaco" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="مرانڊيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="अबाकस – نيپالي" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अबाकस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نيپالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus_(rekentuig)" title="Abacus (rekentuig) – ڊچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abacus (rekentuig)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڊچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuleramme" title="Kuleramme – نارويائي نيوناسڪ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kuleramme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نارويائي نيوناسڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(kuleramme)" title="Abakus (kuleramme) – نارويائي بوڪمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abakus (kuleramme)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارويائي بوڪمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਅਬੈਕਸ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਬੈਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(liczyd%C5%82o)" title="Abakus (liczydło) – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abakus (liczydło)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80baco" title="Àbaco – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Àbaco" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="گنتارا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گنتارا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81baco" title="Ábaco – پورٽگليز" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ábaco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورٽگليز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abac" title="Abac – روماني" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abac" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="روماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badduttuleri" title="Badduttuleri – سسلي" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Badduttuleri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سسلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(ra%C4%8Dunanje)" title="Abakus (računanje) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abakus (računanje)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abacus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(po%C4%8D%C3%ADtacia_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Abakus (počítacia tabuľka) – سلواڪي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abakus (počítacia tabuľka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلواڪي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak" title="Abak – سلوويني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوويني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakusi" title="Abakusi – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Abakusi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5)" title="Абакус (рачунање) – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Абакус (рачунање)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipoah" title="Sipoah – سوڊاني" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sipoah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سوڊاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – سويڊش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سويڊش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakasi" title="Abakasi – سواحيلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Abakasi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحيلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எண்சட்டம் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்சட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="అబాకస్ – تلگو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అబాకస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تلگو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – تاجڪ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="ลูกคิด – ٿائي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลูกคิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ٿائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak%C3%BCs" title="Abaküs – ترڪش" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abaküs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترڪش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F)" title="Абак (рахівниця) – يوڪراني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абак (рахівниця)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="يوڪراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="گنتارا – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گنتارا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak" title="Abak – ازبڪ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0n_t%C3%ADnh" title="Bàn tính – ويتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bàn tính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ويتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus – واري" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Abacus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="واري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%9B%98" title="算盘 – وو چيني" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="算盘" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-abacus" title="I-abacus – زھوسا" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-abacus" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="زھوسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%9B%98" title="算盘 – چيني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="算盘" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%9B%A4" title="算盤 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="算盤" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C7%B9g-p%C3%B4a%E2%81%BF" title="Sǹg-pôaⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sǹg-pôaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%9B%A4" title="算盤 – ڪينٽونيز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="算盤" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ڪينٽونيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12806#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="بين‌الزباني ڳنڍڻا سنواريو" class="wbc-editpage">ڳنڍڻن کي سنواريو</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3&oldid=254917" title="ھن صفحي جي ھن ورجاءَ ڏانھن مستقل ڳنڍڻو"><span>مستقل ڳنڍڻو</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>صفحي جي معلومات</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:CiteThisPage&page=%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3&id=254917&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ھن صفحي جو حوالو ڪيئن ڏجي بابت معلومات"><span>ھن صفحي جو حوالو ڏيو</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25DA%25AA%25D8%25B3"><span>مختصر یوآرایل وٺو</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25DA%25AA%25D8%25B3"><span>ڪيوآر ڪوڊ ڊائونلوڊ ڪريو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ڇاپيو/برآمديو </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3"><span>ڪو ڪتاب سرجيو</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF طور اتاريو</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3&printable=yes" title="ھن صفحي جو پرنٽ وٺو [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ڇپائتو مسودو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ٻيون رٿائون </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Abacus" hreflang="en"><span>وڪيميڊيا العام</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12806" title="اعدادخاني ۾ موجود لاڳاپيل اسم سان ڳنڍيو [g]" accesskey="g"><span>وڪيڊيٽا اسم</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="صفحاتِي اوزار"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ڏيک"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ڏيک</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">سائڊبار ڏانھن چوريو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">لڪايو</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="sd" dir="rtl"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Boulier1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Boulier1.JPG/220px-Boulier1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Boulier1.JPG/330px-Boulier1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Boulier1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption>چيني انگ ڳڻپيندڙ سوئانپان</figcaption></figure> <p><b>گڻپيو</b> يا <b>انگ ڳڻڻو</b><sup id="cite_ref-سنڌيانا_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-سنڌيانا-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> يا <b>انگ ڳڻپيندڙ</b><sup id="cite_ref-سنڌيانا_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-سنڌيانا-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="انگريزي">انگريزي</a>: <b>اباڪس (Abacus)</b>)( اردو ۾ <b>گنتارہ </b>) (<a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="فارسي ٻولي">فارسي</a>: <b> چرتکه </b>) (<a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="عربي ٻولي">عربي</a>: <font face="mblajpatrai, MB Lateefi Regular" size="3"><b>معداد </b>) سڀ کان سادو ۽ پهريون <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%B3%DA%BB%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ڳڻپيو (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">ڳڻپيندڙ</a>، چوڪنڊي ڪاٺين جي سانچي ۾ بالن يا وڏن مڻين جون تارون لڳل اوزار هو، جنهن کي <b>اباڪس</b> چئبو هو. ”اباڪس“ يوناني ٻولي جو لفظ آهي جنهن مطلب ”تختو“ (slab) آهي. پهرين تار جا بال ايڪا، ٻئي تار جا بال ڏهاڪا، ٽيئين تار جا بال يا مڻيا سو ۽ اڳتي هزار ، ڏھ هزار، لک، ڏھ لک ۽ ڪروڙ کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا. ايڪن جي ڏهن بالن يا مڻين جي هڪ طرف ٿيڻ کان پوءِ ، ڏهاڪن جو هڪ اڳتي يا ٻئي طرف ٿئي ٿو. اهو سادو <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%B3%DA%BB%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ڳڻپيو (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">ڳڻپيندڙ</a>، <a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="چين">چين</a> ۾ هزارن سالن تائين استعمال ٿيندو رهيو. اباڪس <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%B3%DA%BB%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ڳڻپيو (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">ڳڻپيندڙ</a> ايترو ته پراڻو آهي جو سندس ايجاد جو وقت يا ايجاد جي جاءِ به تاريخ ۾ نٿي ملي. اباڪس، سڄي واپار کي تمام تيزي سان وڌايو، ڇاڪاڻ ته ان ذريعي ڪنهن بـ قسم جو واپاري حساب ڪتاب ڪري سگهجي ٿو. <a href="/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="يورپ">يُورَپ</a> ۾ 12صدي تائين اباڪس استعمال ٿيندو رهيو.<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سويت يونين (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">سويت يونين</a> ۾ تـ 20 صدي ۾ به استعمال ٿيندو رهيو. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A_%DA%B3%DA%BB%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="برقي ڳڻپيو (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">برقي ڳڻپيي</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="انگريزي">انگريزي</a>: <b> Calculator</b>) جي اچڻ کان پوءِ اباڪس غائب ٿي ويو. </font></p><font face="mblajpatrai, MB Lateefi Regular" size="3"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:RomanAbacusRecon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/RomanAbacusRecon.jpg/220px-RomanAbacusRecon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/RomanAbacusRecon.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="239" /></a><figcaption> رومي انگ ڳڻپيو </figcaption></figure></font><font face="mblajpatrai, MB Lateefi Regular" size="3"><p><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%8C%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا">انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا</a> مطابق اھو ڪاٺ جو هڪ چورس فريم آھي، جنهن جي وچ ۾ ننڍڙا گول رنگين بال، سادين لوهي تارن ذريعي پيل هوندا آهن<sup id="cite_ref-سنڌيانا_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-سنڌيانا-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. اهو فريم اڪثر پرائمري اسڪولن ۾ موجود هوندو آهي، جنهن جي مدد سان استاد، شاگردن کي سَولائيءَ سان حساب سيکاريندا آهن<sup id="cite_ref-سنڌيانا_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-سنڌيانا-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. اهو فريم چين جي پراڻي دؤر جي رياضي دان ايباڪس (Abacus) متعارف ڪرايو هو، انهيءَ جي ڪري ان جو نالو ئي ”ايباڪس“ پئجي ويو<sup id="cite_ref-سنڌيانا_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-سنڌيانا-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. آباڪس لفظ اصل م عربي ٻولي جي لفظ <b>ابق</b> مان ورتل آهي جنھن جي معني مٽي يا عمدي واري آهي<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. يونانين لفظ ابيڪس (abax) استعمال ڪيو جنھن جي معني واري جو تختو ھئي. رومين ان کي اباڪس سڏيو<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p></font><font face="mblajpatrai, MB Lateefi Regular" size="3"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="اباڪس_جي_ابتدا_۽_ارتقا"><span id=".D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.A7.DA.AA.D8.B3_.D8.AC.D9.8A_.D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.AA.D8.AF.D8.A7_.DB.BD_.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.AA.D9.82.D8.A7"></span>اباڪس جي ابتدا ۽ ارتقا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: اباڪس جي ابتدا ۽ ارتقا"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div></font><font face="mblajpatrai, MB Lateefi Regular" size="3"><p>شروع ۾ اباڪس چيڪي مٽي جون اس ۾ سڪايل تختيون ھوندا ھئا جن تي عمدي واري جو تھ چڙھيل ھوندو ھو جن تي علامتون يا نشان ڪڍي سگھبا ھيا<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. يونانين سنگمرمر جي پٿر جي تختن جو استعمال شروع ڪيو<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. رومين وري پتل جون تختيون استعمال ڪرڻ شروع ڪيون<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. يونانين ۽ رومين انھن تي گڻپ لاءِ مڻين ۽ پٿرين جو استعمال پڻ شروع ڪيو<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. رومين سڀ کان پھريون انھن ۾ ھڪ مقرر جاء وارن قدرن کي ظاھر ڪرڻ لاء جھريون استعمال ڪندي ان ۾ نواڻ آڻي ان کي وڌيڪ ڪارائتو بڻايو<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. اباڪس جي موجوده شڪل يارھين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ چين ۾ ۽ پوء چوڏھين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ جاپان ۾ متعارف ٿي ھئي ۽ ان کي چين ۽ جاپان وارا سوروبان سڏيندا هئا<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. ان نئين نموني م ھڪ ڪاٺي جي فريم اندر ۾ سڌيون تارون لڳائي انھن مان ھر تار ۾ پنج مڻيا وڌا ويندا ھئا جن کي ھيٺ مٿي ڪري سگھبو ھو<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. آباڪس ۾ مختلف رنگن جا مڻيا ٻڙي کان وٺي نون تائين سڀني انگن جي نمائندگي ڪندا آهن. ھر تار مختلف ڏھاڪي کي ظاھر ڪندي آهي<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. مؤرخن مطابق چيني ۽ جاپاني عالمن اباڪس جي مدد سان ھم چورس بنيادن(<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="انگريزي">انگريزي</a>: <b> square roots </b>) ۽ مڪعب بنيادن (<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="انگريزي">انگريزي</a>: <b> Cube roots </b>) جي ڳڻپ جا اثرائتا طريقا جوڙي ورتا ھيا<sup id="cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p></font><font face="mblajpatrai, MB Lateefi Regular" size="3"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالا"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A7"></span>حوالا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: حوالا"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div></font><font face="mblajpatrai, MB Lateefi Regular" size="3"><div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-سنڌيانا-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-سنڌيانا_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-سنڌيانا_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-سنڌيانا_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-سنڌيانا_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-سنڌيانا_1-4">1.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3">ايباڪس : (Sindhianaسنڌيانا)</a>- </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ميٿميٽڪس-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-0">2.00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-1">2.01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-2">2.02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-3">2.03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-4">2.04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-5">2.05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-6">2.06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-7">2.07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-8">2.08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-9">2.09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ميٿميٽڪس_2-10">2.10</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Mathematics James Tanton, Ph.D.Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tanton, James Stuart, 1966 -Encyclopedia of mathematics/James Tanton. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:BookSources/0816051240" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8160-5124-0</a> 1. Mathematics—Encyclopedia. I. Title. QA5.T34 2005 510′.3—dc22 2004016785- page# 2-3 </span> </li> </ol></div></font>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=آباڪس&oldid=254917">https://sd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=آباڪس&oldid=254917</a>" تان ورتل</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="خاص:زمرا">زمرو</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88:%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="زمرو:علم رياضي (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">علم رياضي</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">لڪيل زمرو: <ul><li><a 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