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This ensures they are only loaded when needed, and avoids the need to check for the existence of the object each time, since once "foo" has been set, "get_foo" will not be called again.]==] local diacritics local function get_diacritics() diacritics, get_diacritics = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").page.comb_chars.diacritics_all .. "+", nil return diacritics end -- Normalize a string, so that case and diacritics are ignored. By default, "gu" -- and "qu" are normalized to "g" and "q", because they behave like consonants -- under certain conditions (e.g. final "y" does not usually have the plural -- "ies" after a vowel, but it's regular for "quy" to become "quies". The flag -- `not_gu` prevents this happening to "gu", and is needed because terms ending -- "-guy" are almost always compounds of "guy" (→ "guys"). local function normalize(str, followed_by, not_gu) if not followed_by then followed_by = "" end str = ugsub(toNFD(str) .. followed_by, "([" .. (not_gu and "" or "Gg") .. "Qq])u([".. vowels .. "])", "%1%2") return ulower(ugsub(sub(str, 1, #str - #followed_by), diacritics or get_diacritics(), "")) end local function epenthetic_e_default(stem) return sub(stem, -1) ~= "e" end local function epenthetic_e_for_s(stem, term) -- If the stem is different, it must be from "y" → "i". if stem ~= term then return true end local final if match(stem, "^[^\128-\255]*$") then final = sub(stem, -1) else stem = ugsub(toNFD(stem), diacritics or get_diacritics(), "") final = usub(stem, -1) end -- Epenthetic "e" is added after a sibilant or sibilant-affricate. The vast -- majority of these are spelled "s", "x", "z", "ch" and "sh", but "dg" -- (→ "dge") and "ß" (→ "ss") can be found in obsolete spellings, "shh" in -- onomatopoeia, and "zh", "dj", "jj" (and more) in loanwords. return ( final == "g" and sub(stem, -2, -2) == "d" or final == "h" and match(stem, "[csz]h+$") or final == "j" and umatch(stem, "[^" .. vowels .. "]j$") or final == "s" or final == "x" or final == "z" or final == "ß" ) end local suffixes = {} suffixes["s.plural"] = { final_y_is_i = true, epenthetic_e = epenthetic_e_for_s } suffixes["s.verb"] = { final_y_is_i = true, final_consonant_is_doubled = true, epenthetic_e = epenthetic_e_for_s } suffixes["ing"] = { final_consonant_is_doubled = true, remove_silent_e = true, } suffixes["d"] = { final_y_is_i = true, final_consonant_is_doubled = true, epenthetic_e = epenthetic_e_default, } suffixes["dst"] = suffixes["d"] suffixes["st.verb"] = suffixes["d"] suffixes["th"] = suffixes["d"] suffixes["n"] = { final_y_is_i = true, final_y_is_i_after_vowel = true, final_guy_is_gui = true, final_consonant_is_doubled = true, -- No epenthetic "e" after an "e", or an "i", "r" or "w" preceded by a vowel. epenthetic_e = function(stem) return not ( sub(stem, -1) == "e" or umatch(normalize(stem), "[" .. vowels .. "][irw]$") ) end, } suffixes["r"] = { final_y_is_i = true, final_ey_is_i = true, final_guy_is_gui = true, final_consonant_is_doubled = true, epenthetic_e = epenthetic_e_default } suffixes["st.superlative"] = suffixes["r"] -- Returns the stem used for suffixes that sometimes convert final "y" into "i", -- such as "-es" ("-ies"), e.g. "penny" → "penni" ("pennies"). If -- `final_ey_is_i` is true, final "ey" may also be converted, e.g. "plaguey" → -- "plagui"; this is needed for "-er" ("-ier") and "-est" ("-iest"). If `not_gu` -- is true, then normalize() will be called with the `not_gu` flag (see there -- for more info); this is true in most cases. local function convert_final_y_to_i(str, not_gu, final_ey_is_i, final_y_is_i_after_vowel) local final3 = usub(str, -3) -- Special case: treat "eey" as "ee" + "y" (e.g. "treey" → "treeiest"). -- "oey" and "uey" are usually vowel + "ey", but examples of "oe" + "y" and -- "ue" = "y" do also exist: compare "go" → "goey" → "goier" with "doe" → -- "doey" → "doeier"; "flu" → "fluey" → "fluiest" and "flue" → "fluey" → -- "flueiest" form a theoretically possible minimal pair. if final3 == "eey" then return sub(str, 1, -2) .. "i" end local final2 = usub(str, -2) -- If `final_ey_is_i` is true, treat final "-ey" can also be reduced. if final_ey_is_i and final2 == "ey" then -- Remove "ey" to get the base stem. local base_stem = sub(str, 1, -3) -- Special case: allow final "-ey" ("potato-ey" → "potato-iest"). if umatch(final3, "[" .. hyphens .. "]ey") then return base_stem .. "i" end -- Final "ey" becomes "i" iff the term is polysyllabic (e.g. not -- "grey"). "ey" is common if the base stem ends in a vowel ("echo → -- "echoey"), so the presence of a vowel anywhere in the base stem is -- sufficient to deem it polysyllabic. ("echoey" → "echo" → "echoiest", -- "beigey" → "beig" → "beigiest", but "grey" → "gr" → "greyest"). The -- first "y" in "-yey" can be treated as a vowel as long as it's -- preceded by something ("clayey" → "clay" → "clayiest", "cryey" → -- "cry" → "cryiest", but "*yey" → "*y" → "*yeyest"), so it needs to be -- treated as a special case. local normalized = normalize(base_stem, "ey") if sub(normalized, -1) == "y" then if umatch(normalized, "[%w@][yY]$") then return base_stem .. "i" end elseif umatch(normalized, "[" .. vowels .. "%d]%w*$") then return base_stem .. "i" end -- Special cases: -- Final "quy" ("soliloquy" → "soliloquies"). -- Final "guy" iff `not_gu` is false ("roguy" → "roguiest"). -- Final "y" after a vowel iff `final_y_is_i_after_vowel` is true ("slay" → -- "slain"). -- Final "-y" ("bro-y" → "bro-iest"), accounting for hyphen variation. elseif umatch(final2, "[" .. hyphens .. "]y") then -- Replace final "y" with "i". return sub(str, 1, -2) .. "i" -- Otherwise, final "y" becomes "i" iff it's not preceded by a vowel -- ("shy" → "shiest", "horsy" → "horsies", but "day" → "days", "coy" → -- "coyest"). else -- Remove "y" to get the base stem. local base_stem = sub(str, 1, -2) if umatch(normalize(base_stem, "y", not_gu), "[^%s%p" .. (final_y_is_i_after_vowel and "" or vowels) .. "]$") then return base_stem .. "i" end end return str end local function double_final_consonant(str, final) local initial = umatch(normalize(sub(str, 1, -2), final), "^.*%f[^%z%s" .. hyphens .. "…]([%l%p]*)[" .. vowels .. "]$") return initial and ( initial == "" or initial == "y" or match(initial, "^.[\128-\191]*$") and umatch(initial, "[^" .. vowels .. "]") or umatch(initial, "^[^" .. vowels .. "]*%f[^%l]$") ) and (str .. final) or str end local function remove_silent_e(str) local final2 = sub(str, -2) if final2 == "ie" then -- Replace "ie" with "y", unless it follows another "y" (e.g. -- "spulyie" → "spulyieing"). return ugsub(str, "([^yY%s%p])ie$", "%1y") end local base_stem = sub(str, 1, -2) -- Silent "e" occurs after "u" or a consonant (cluster) preceded by a vowel. return ( final2 == "ue" or umatch(normalize(base_stem, "e"), "[" .. vowels .. "][^" .. vowels .. "]+$") ) and base_stem or str end function export.add_suffix(term, suffix, pos) local data = suffixes[suffix] suffix = match(suffix, "^([^.]*)") local final, stem = sub(term, -1) -- Proper nouns don't have a final "y" changed to "i" (e.g. "the Gettys", -- "the public Ivys"). if data.final_y_is_i and final == "y" and pos ~= "proper noun" then stem = convert_final_y_to_i(term, not data.final_guy_is_gui, data.final_ey_is_i, data.final_y_is_i_after_vowel) elseif data.remove_silent_e and final == "e" then stem = remove_silent_e(term) else stem = term end local epenthetic_e = data.epenthetic_e if epenthetic_e and epenthetic_e(stem, term) then suffix = "e" .. suffix end if ( data.final_consonant_is_doubled and match(final, "^[bcdfgjklmnpqrstvz]$") and -- Only double regular consonants. umatch(suffix, "^[" .. vowels .. "]") ) then stem = double_final_consonant(term, final) end return stem .. suffix end add_suffix = export.add_suffix --[==[ Pluralize a word in a smart fashion, according to normal English rules. # If the word ends in a consonant or "qu" + "-y", replace "-y" with "-ies". # If the word ends in "s", "x", "z", "ch", "sh" or "zh", add "-es". # Otherwise, add "-s". This handles links correctly: # If a piped link, change the second part appropriately. # If a non-piped link and rule #1 above applies, convert to a piped link with the second part containing the plural. # If a non-piped link and rules #2 or #3 above apply, add the plural outside the link. ]==] function export.pluralize(str) -- Treat as a link if a "[[" is present and the string ends with "]]". if not (find(str, "[[", 1, true) and sub(str, -2) == "]]") then return add_suffix(str, "s.plural") end -- Find the last "[[" (in case there is more than one) by reversing -- the string. local str_rev = reverse(str) local open = find(str_rev, "[[", 3, true) -- If the last "[[" is followed by a "]]" which isn't at the end, -- then the final "]]" is just plaintext (e.g. "[[foo]]bar]]"). local bad_close = find(str_rev, "]]", 3, true) -- Note: the bad "]]" will have a lower index than the last "[[" in -- the reversed string. if bad_close and bad_close < open then return add_suffix(str, "s.plural") end open = #str - open + 2 -- Get the target and display text by searching from just after "[[". local target, display = match(str, "([^|]*)|?(.*)%]%]$", open) display = add_suffix(display ~= "" and display or target, "s.plural") -- If the link target is a substring of the display text, then -- use a trail (e.g. "[[foo]]" → "[[foo]]s", since "foo" is a substring -- of "foos"). local index, trail = find(display, target, 1, true) if index == 1 then return sub(str, 1, open - 1) .. target .. "]]" .. sub(display, trail + 1) end -- Otherwise, return a piped link. return sub(str, 1, open - 1) .. target .. "|" .. display .. "]]" end -- Returns true if `plural` is an expected, regular plural of `term`. function export.is_regular_plural(plural, term, pos) -- Ignore any final punctuation that occurs in both forms, which is common -- in abbreviations (e.g. "abbr." → "abbrs."). local final_punc = umatch(term, "%p*$") local final_punc_len = #final_punc if sub(plural, -final_punc_len) == final_punc then term = sub(term, 1, -final_punc_len - 1) plural = sub(plural, 1, -final_punc_len - 1) end if plural == term .. "s" or plural == add_suffix(term, "s.plural", pos) then return true end local final = sub(term, -1) return ( -- Doubled final consonants in "s" and "z". final == "s" and plural == term .. "ses" or -- e.g. "busses" final == "z" and plural == term .. "zes" or -- e.g. "quizzes" -- convert_final_y_to_i() without the `not_gu` flag set, to catch -- "-guy" → "-guies", but not "day" → "daies". final == "y" and plural == convert_final_y_to_i(term) .. "es" or -- Capitalized terms like "$DEITY" → "$DEITIES (should we treat this as regular?) final == "Y" and ulower(plural) == convert_final_y_to_i(ulower(term)) .. 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