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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Oslo" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Oslo" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Oslo" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Die_Middeleeue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Middeleeue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Die Middeleeue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Middeleeue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Renaissance-tydperk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Renaissance-tydperk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Die Renaissance-tydperk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Renaissance-tydperk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoofstad_van_Noorweë" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoofstad_van_Noorweë"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Hoofstad van Noorweë</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoofstad_van_Noorweë-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_21ste_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_21ste_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Die 21ste eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_21ste_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stadskarakter_en_argitektuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadskarakter_en_argitektuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Stadskarakter en argitektuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stadskarakter_en_argitektuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Stadskarakter en argitektuur subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stadskarakter_en_argitektuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Østkant_en_Vestkant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Østkant_en_Vestkant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Østkant en Vestkant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Østkant_en_Vestkant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_binnestad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_binnestad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Die binnestad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_binnestad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egertorget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egertorget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Egertorget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egertorget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aker_Brygge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aker_Brygge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Aker Brygge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aker_Brygge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Infrastruktuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Susterstede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Susterstede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Susterstede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Susterstede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oslo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 202 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">202 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8E" title="ኦስሎ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦስሎ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osleah" title="Osleah – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Osleah" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="أوسلو – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوسلو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%A0%DC%98" title="ܐܘܣܠܘ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܣܠܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="أوسلو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أوسلو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اوسلو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوسلو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslu" title="Oslu – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oslu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoslos" title="Uoslos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Uoslos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Осла – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Осла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%91" title="Осьлё – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Осьлё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="ओस्लो – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ओस्लो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B" title="অসলো – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অসলো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨོ་སི་ལོ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨོ་སི་ལོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B" title="ওসলো – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ওসলো" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%86" title="ئۆسلۆ – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆسلۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslu" title="Oslu – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Oslu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Όσλο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όσλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92%C5%9Blo" title="Òślo – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Òślo" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslu" title="Oslu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Oslu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اسلو – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسلو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osl%C3%B3" title="Osló – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Osló" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌻𐍉 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌻𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B" title="ઓસ્લો – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઓસ્લો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95" title="אוסלו – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסלו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="ओस्लो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओस्लो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%B8" title="Օսլո – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսլո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93sl%C3%B3" title="Ósló – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ósló" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AD" title="オスロ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オスロ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="ოსლო – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსლო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%86s%C9%A9loo" title="Ɔsɩloo – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɔsɩloo" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%9C" title="오슬로 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오슬로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osloa" title="Osloa – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Osloa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslas" title="Oslas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oslas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Choro" title="Ōhoro – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ōhoro" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A" title="ഓസ്ലൊ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓസ്ലൊ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="ओस्लो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओस्लो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အော့စလိုမြို့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အော့စလိုမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Осло ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Осло ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اسلو – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسلو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="ओस्लो – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओस्लो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81haltsoo%C3%AD" title="Tsį́į́haltsooí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsį́į́haltsooí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92slo" title="Òslo – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òslo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B" title="ਓਸਲੋ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਓਸਲੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92slo" title="Òslo – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Òslo" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اوسلو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوسلو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اوسلو – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوسلو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uslu" title="Uslu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uslu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslu" title="Oslu – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Oslu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اوسلو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اوسلو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aw-s-lu" title="Aw-s-lu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Aw-s-lu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B" title="ஒசுலோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒசுலோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5" title="ออสโล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออสโล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Tahities" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahities" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="ئوسلو – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوسلو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اوسلو – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوسلو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%99%86" title="奥斯陆 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥斯陆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="ოსლო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოსლო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90" title="אסלא – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אסלא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%99%86" title="奥斯陆 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥斯陆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E9%99%B8" title="奧斯陸 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧斯陸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q585#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Oslo" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oslo"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oslo"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu 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wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q585" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;"> <p><b>Oslo</b><br /><i>Oslove</i><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oslo_city_in_10_images.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oslo_city_in_10_images.jpg/280px-Oslo_city_in_10_images.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="444" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oslo_city_in_10_images.jpg/420px-Oslo_city_in_10_images.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oslo_city_in_10_images.jpg/560px-Oslo_city_in_10_images.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="5688" /></a></span> </p> </th></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999"> <td><b>Kaart</b> </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><b>Wapen</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white"> <td rowspan="6"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg/180px-Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg/270px-Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg/360px-Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oslo_komm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/75px-Oslo_komm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/113px-Oslo_komm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/150px-Oslo_komm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"><b>Vlag</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Oslo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Oslo.svg/90px-Flag_of_Oslo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Oslo.svg/135px-Flag_of_Oslo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Oslo.svg/180px-Flag_of_Oslo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b><a href="/wiki/Land" title="Land">Land</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Noorweë"><img alt="Vlag van Noorweë" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b><a href="/wiki/Fylke" title="Fylke">Provinsie (<i>Fylke</i>)</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oslo_komm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/15px-Oslo_komm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/23px-Oslo_komm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/30px-Oslo_komm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="611" /></a></span> Oslo </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Koördinate</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oslo&language=af&params=59_55_N_10_44_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">59°55′N</span> <span class="longitude">10°44′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">59.917°N 10.733°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.917; 10.733</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Stigting</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Omtrent 1000 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a>:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Totaal </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">480 <a href="/wiki/Vierkante_kilometer" title="Vierkante kilometer">vk km</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Hoogte bo seevlak</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">1–631 m </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Bevolking:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Totaal (31 Desember 2022) </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">709 037<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Bevolkingsdigtheid </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">1 477/vk km </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Metropolitaanse gebied<br />(<i>Stor-Osloregionen</i>) </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">1 588 457 </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Taalvorm </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Onsydig </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Tydsone</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> +1 (MET) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> +2 (MEST) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Klimaat</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Tipe </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Gematigde seeklimaat </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Gemiddelde jaarlikse temperatuur </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">7,0 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Gem. temp. Januarie/Julie </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">–2,3 / 17,6 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Gemiddelde jaarlikse neerslae </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">824,3 mm </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Burgemeester</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Anne Lindboe (H) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Amptelike webwerf</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oslo.kommune.no/">oslo.kommune.no</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oslo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Noors" title="Noors">Noors</a>: [ˈʊ̂ʂlʊ ], <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Oslo.ogg" class="internal" title="Oslo.ogg">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oslo.ogg" title="Lêer:Oslo.ogg">inligting</a>)</small></span></span> of [ˈʊ̂slʊ, ˈʊ̀ʂlʊ]; <a href="/wiki/Suid-Samies" title="Suid-Samies">Suid-Samies</a>: <i>Oslove</i>) is die <a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">hoofstad</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Koninkryk Noorweë</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skandinawi%C3%AB" title="Skandinawië">Skandinawië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Noord-Europa</a>) met 'n oppervlakte van 480 vierkante kilometer en 'n bevolking van 709 037 (soos op 31 Desember 2022). Oslo is die politieke, ekonomiese en kulturele sentrum van Noorweë en sy grootste stad. Byna 'n derde van die Noorse bevolking is in die metropolitaanse gebied van Oslo gekonsentreer, dit sluit voorstede soos <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6rum" title="Bærum">Bærum</a> en <a href="/wiki/Drammen" title="Drammen">Drammen</a> in. Die agglomerasie van Oslo – die derde grootste in <a href="/wiki/Noord-Europa" title="Noord-Europa">Noord-Europa</a> ná <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kopenhagen" title="Kopenhagen">Kopenhagen</a> – het 1,6 miljoen inwoners. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bj%C3%B8rvika_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bj%C3%B8rvika_%2802%29.jpg/220px-Bj%C3%B8rvika_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bj%C3%B8rvika_%2802%29.jpg/330px-Bj%C3%B8rvika_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bj%C3%B8rvika_%2802%29.jpg/440px-Bj%C3%B8rvika_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>'n Aansig van die Barcode-woonstelkompleks in Sørenga teen sononder. Met die herontwikkeling van sy ou hawegeriewe volgens die Fjordbyen-projek, wat in 2016 voltooi is, het Oslo nuwe lewe in sy middestad ingeblaas en sy visie van 'n moderne Fjordstad verwesenlik</figcaption></figure> <p>Die stad, wat deur bosgebiede en fjorde omring word, vorm 'n selfstandige <i><a href="/wiki/Fylke" title="Fylke">fylke</a></i> (provinsie) wat aan <a href="/wiki/Akershus" title="Akershus">Akershus</a> grens, en het uit 'n ou nedersetting ontstaan waarna daar reeds in 8ste eeuse historiese dokumente verwys is. Daarbenewens vorm dit ook 'n stedelike munisipaliteit (<i>kommune</i>). Vanweë die opgrawing van <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christelike</a> begraafplase uit die tydperk omtrent 1000 word hierdie periode as die stigtingsdatum van Oslo beskou, en die <a href="/wiki/Metropool" title="Metropool">metropool</a> het gevolglik in 2000 sy 1000ste verjaardag gevier. Oslo is sodoende een van die oudste Skandinawiese hoofstede. </p><p>Nadat groot dele van die stad in 1624 in 'n brand vernietig is, het die Deense koning <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_IV_van_Denemarke" title="Christiaan IV van Denemarke">Christiaan IV</a> die stad met steengeboue laat herbou en dit Christiania genoem. In 1878 is die stadsnaam se spelling gewysig tot Kristiania. Die burgers van Kristiania het in 1925 besluit om weer die tradisionele Noorse naam vir hul stad te gebruik. </p><p>Alhoewel die stad op dieselfde breedtegraad soos die <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finse</a> hoofstad <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Petersburg" title="Sint Petersburg">Sint Petersburg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> of die <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaskaanse</a> metropool <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a> lê, het Oslo danksy die matige invloed van die warm <a href="/wiki/Golfstroom" title="Golfstroom">Golfstroom</a> 'n gematigde seeklimaat met dikwels warm <a href="/wiki/Somer" title="Somer">somers</a> en baie sonskyndae. Die hoofstadgebied is nogtans gedurende die Skandinawiese <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a> tussen drie en vyf maande lank met <a href="/wiki/Sneeu" title="Sneeu">sneeu</a> bedek, en die ski-oorde in die bergagtige omgewing van Oslo lok tussen Desember en April talle skitoeriste. </p><p>Vanweë die ekonomiese welvaart van die land en die behoefte aan bykomende opgeleide mannekrag het Oslo, soos ander groot stede in die land, talle immigrante gelok wat van Oslo vandag 'n baie kosmopolitaanse stad maak. Volgens jaarlikse ondersoeke van die <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londense</a> navorsingsinstelling <i>Economist Intelligence Unit,</i> wat die prysvlak van goedere en dienste in belangrike metropole ranglys, is Oslo sedert 2006 egter ook die duurste hoofstad ter wêreld.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oslo staan daarnaas internasionaal bekend as die moederstad van die <a href="/wiki/Nobelprys_vir_Vrede" title="Nobelprys vir Vrede">Nobelprys vir Vrede</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nadat die ou stad in 1624 deur 'n brand vernietig is, is onder die bewind van koning <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_IV_van_Denemarke" title="Christiaan IV van Denemarke">Christiaan IV</a> 'n nuwe stad nader aan die Akershus-vestig gestig en na die koning "Christiania" genoem. Die ou plek oorkant die Aker-rivier is egter nie verlaat nie en die dorp Oslo het 'n voorstad buite die stadsmure gebly. Die voorstad met die naam Oslo is uiteindelik by die stad ingelyf. In 1925 is die naam van die voorstad na die hele stad oorgedra, terwyl die voorstad hernoem is in <i>Gamlebyen</i>, "die ou stad", om verwarring te voorkom.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deesdae is die ou stad 'n gebied binne die administratiewe distrik <i>Gamle Oslo</i> ("Ou Oslo"). Die vorige name weerkaats in straatname soos <i>Oslo gate</i> ("Oslo-straat)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en <i>Oslo hospital</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oor die oorsprong van die naam <i>Oslo</i> is al dikwels gedebatteer. Dit is byna seker afkomstig van <a href="/wiki/Oudnoors" title="Oudnoors">Oudnoors</a> en is — heel waarskynlik — oorspronklik die naam van 'n groot plaas by Bjørvika, terwyl die betekenis van dié naam omstrede is. Oor die algemeen interpreteer huidige taalkundiges die oorspronklike <i>Óslo</i>, <i>Áslo</i> of <i>Ánslo</i> as óf "weiveld aan die voet van 'n heuwel" óf "weide toegewy aan die <a href="/wiki/Ase_(mitologie)" title="Ase (mitologie)">Gode</a>" en albei word as ewe waarskynlik geag.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daar is eens verkeerdelik aangeneem dat <i>Oslo</i> beteken "die monding van die Lo-rivier", 'n n vermeende vorige naam van die Alna-rivier. Nie net is daar geen bewyse gevind vir 'n rivier "Lo" voor die werk van Peder Claussøn Friis wie die eerste keer hierdie etimologie voorgestel het nie, maar die naam is ook ongrammatikaal in Noors: die korrekte vorm sou <i>Loaros</i> gewees het.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daar word nou geglo dat die naam <i>Lo</i> 'n terugvorming is deur Friis ter ondersteuning van sy idee oor die etimologie van <i>Oslo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oslo het verskeie byname en name in ander tale. Soms word die stad "die tierstad" (<i>Tigerstaden</i>) genoem, moontlik geïnspireer van 'n 1870-gedig deur <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a> wat na die destydse Christiania in Sentraal-Oslo verwys. Dié bynaam word veral deur Noorse van buite die stad gebruik en min deur mense uit die Oslo-streek.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Holmenkollen_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Holmenkollen_aerial.jpg/220px-Holmenkollen_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Holmenkollen_aerial.jpg/330px-Holmenkollen_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Holmenkollen_aerial.jpg/440px-Holmenkollen_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Die bergpiek Holmenkollen met sy bekende gelyknamige <a href="/wiki/Holmenkollen-skans" title="Holmenkollen-skans">skispring-skans</a> staan internasionaal bekend vir die skispringkampioenskappe wat jaarliks hier beslis word</figcaption></figure> <p>Oslo se boogvormige stadsgebied is teen die noordelike kant van die <a href="/wiki/Oslofjord" title="Oslofjord">Oslofjord</a> geleë. Danksy die stad se strategiese ligging tussen die see, uitgestrekte gebiede in die noorde en paaie wat vanuit die suide oor die Ekeberg-bergpiek na die stad loop, vorm Oslo sedert sy stigting 'n natuurlike knooppunt in die klein Oslogryta keteldal. Die stadsentrum, wat gekenmerk word deur uiterstes, soos baie warm somers en bitter koue winters, word omring deur bergrûens en mere. Die Oslofjord is, soos die mere van die omgewing, 'n gewilde ontspanningsgebied vir stadbewoners. </p><p>Die Nordmarka landskap in die noorde word deur bos- en watergebiede gekenmerk. Mere soos Bogstadvannet, Sognsvann en Maridalsvannet, die grootste met 'n oppervlakte van 3,91 vierkante kilometer in die <a href="/wiki/Maridalen" title="Maridalen">Maridalen</a> vallei, staan almal bekend vir hul natuurskoon. Daar is altesaam 343 mere in die metropolitaanse gebied en is 'n belangrike bron van <a href="/wiki/Drinkwater" title="Drinkwater">drinkwater</a> in die omgewing. </p><p><i>Oslo Golfklubb</i> is aan die suidelike oewer van die Bogstadvannetmeer geleë. Dit is die eerste Noorse gholfklub wat in 1924 gestig is. </p><p>Die Nesodden-skiereiland, wat teenoor Oslo lê, strek ver uit in die Oslofjord. Malmøya is met 'n oppervlakte van 0,56 vierkante kilometer die grootste van die sowat veertig eilande in die metroplotaanse area van Oslo, terwyl daar baie ander eilande in die Oslofjord buite die gebied lê. Kirkeberget, 629 m bo seevlak, is die hoogste bergpiek in die omgewing. </p><p>Alhoewel Oslo, met 'n bevolking van sowat 'n halfmiljoen, een van die kleiner Europese hoofstede is, strek sy metroplitaanse gebied nogtans oor 'n oppervlakte van sowat 450 vierkante kilometer. Twee derdes hiervan is beskermde natuurgebiede met bosse, berge en mere. Ook in die sentrale stadsgebied is daar talle parke en ander rustige groen terreine wat altesaam 68 persent van die totale oppervlakte beslaan. Dit maak van Oslo die groenste metropool ter wêreld.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veral gedurende die winter kan daar selfs wilde elande in die groen dele van die stadsgebied aangetref word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/220px-Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/330px-Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/440px-Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4737" data-file-height="4206" /></a><figcaption>Satellietbeeld van Oslo in 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bogstad_winter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bogstad_winter.jpg/220px-Bogstad_winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bogstad_winter.jpg/330px-Bogstad_winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bogstad_winter.jpg/440px-Bogstad_winter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Ysskaatsers op die bevrore Bogstadvannet, met die plaas Bogstad Gård in die agtergrond</figcaption></figure> <p>Danksy die Golfstroom, wat warm lugmassa's vanuit die <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Mexiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Golf van Mexiko">Golf van Mexiko</a> na die <a href="/wiki/Atlantiese_Oseaan" title="Atlantiese Oseaan">Atlantiese Oseaan</a> voer, het Oslo, ondanks sy noordelike ligging, 'n relatief gematigde klimaat. Die somers word deur warm en aangename sonnige weer, met 'n gemiddelde temperatuur tussen 15 en 16 °C, gekenmerk. Die gemiddelde maksimum temperature in Junie en Julie is 20 tot 22 °C, maar uiterstes kan soms meer as 30 °C beloop. Oslo maak nie deel uit van die landsdele waar die <a href="/wiki/Middernagson" title="Middernagson">middernagson</a> tydens die somernagte skyn nie, maar die nagte is nogtans relatief helder. </p><p>Die winters in Oslo is daarenteen lank, donker en relatief koud. Die stad lê vir maande in 'n vaal skemerlig. Tussen September en Mei kan die kwik benede vriespunt daal, alhoewel temperature as gevolg van globale verwarming teen die begin van die 21ste eeu ook tydens winter dikwels hoër kan wees. </p><p>Januarie en Februarie is die koudste maande met gemiddelde minimum temperature van sowat -7 °C. Die laagste temperatuur wat ooit in Oslo aangeteken is was -27,9 °C in Februarie 1871. </p><p>Sneeuvalle kom dwarsdeur die wintermaande voor; op sowat dertig dae van die jaar val gemiddeld meer as 25 sentimeter sneeu. Die gemiddelde jaarlikse reënval is 763 millimeter. Die somers is ietwat natter is as die winters. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14" style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Weergegewens vir Oslo</span> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;"> <th>Maand </th> <th title="Januarie" style="width:3em">Jan </th> <th title="Februarie" style="width:3em">Feb </th> <th title="Maart" style="width:3em">Mar </th> <th title="April" style="width:3em">Apr </th> <th title="Mei" style="width:3em">Mei </th> <th title="Junie" style="width:3em">Jun </th> <th title="Julie" style="width:3em">Jul </th> <th title="Augustus" style="width:3em">Aug </th> <th title="September" style="width:3em">Sep </th> <th title="Oktober" style="width:3em">Okt </th> <th title="November" style="width:3em">Nov </th> <th title="Desember" style="width:3em">Des </th> <th style="width:4em; border-left-width:medium;">Jaar </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee; white-space:nowrap;">Hoogste maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">31,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">31,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">34,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">31,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">16,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,6 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">34,6 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">24,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,3 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">29,6 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde temperatuur (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#<strong class=">–2,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#<strong class=">–1,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">16,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#<strong class=">–1,4 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">7,0 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #00A0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−13,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #20C0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−13,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#<strong class=">–9,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#<strong class=">–3,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#<strong class=">–2,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#<strong class=">–6,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#<strong class=">–12,3 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#<strong class=">–16,1 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Laagste minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #0060FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−20,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #0060FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−20,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #0080FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−16,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #80FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−7,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−1,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−1,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #40E0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−8,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #20C0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−12,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #0060FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−19,7 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #0060FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">−20,7 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Neerslag (mm) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">57,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">44,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">40,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">47,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">59,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">78,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #5064FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">85,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #283CFF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">101,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #5064FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">81,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #3C50FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">91,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #5064FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">83,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">53,2 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background-color: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">824,3 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%; background-color:#F5F5F5; color:black;"><i>Bron: Temperatuur, neerslag – <a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%AAreldmeteorologiese_Organisasie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wêreldmeteorologiese Organisasie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wêreldmeteorologiese Organisasie</a> (1970–2000),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uiterste temperature<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Middeleeue">Die Middeleeue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Middeleeue" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Die Middeleeue"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:OSLO-NO-02_05_ubt.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OSLO-NO-02_05_ubt.jpeg/220px-OSLO-NO-02_05_ubt.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OSLO-NO-02_05_ubt.jpeg/330px-OSLO-NO-02_05_ubt.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OSLO-NO-02_05_ubt.jpeg/440px-OSLO-NO-02_05_ubt.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>Die Akershus-vesting</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Royal_Palace,_Oslo_(2015).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG/220px-Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG/330px-Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG/440px-Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Die koningspaleis het tussen 1824 en 1848 ontstaan</figcaption></figure> <p>Die eerste klein stedelike nedersetting het omtrent die jaar 1000 aan die voet van die Ekeberg-bergreeks langs die oosoewer van die Bjørvika-inham ontstaan. Die <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Yslandse</a> geleerde Snorri Sturluson beweer in sy <i>Heimskringla</i>, 'n werk oor die geskiedenis van die Noorse konings, dat Oslo in 1048 deur koning Harald III gestig sou wees. Tydens argeologiese opgrawings in die stadsgebied is egter Christelike grafte uit die periode omstreeks 1000 ontdek sodat Oslo se millenniumfees in 2000 gevier is. </p><p>Omstreeks 1300 het Oslo se bevolking sowat 3 000 mense beloop en as die regeringsetel van koning Håkon V (1299–1319) gedien wat ook die vesting Akershus laat oprig het. Die stad het in die Hoë Middeleeue tot 'n beduidende handelsentrum ontwikkel. Oslo se Sint Hallvard-katedraal het reeds in die 12de eeu ontstaan. Hertog Erik av Södermanland het die stad in 1308 beleër, geplunder en aan die brand gesteek. Die vesting Akershus, wat destyds nog nie voltooi was nie, het bewaar gebly. </p><p>Die Middeleeuse Oslo het oor twee <a href="/wiki/Kasteel" title="Kasteel">kastele</a>, die koningshof en die biskoplike kasteel, nege kerke (waaronder die katedraal) en 'n hospitaal beskik. Die sowat 400 houthuise was in die besit van koopmans en ambagsmanne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Renaissance-tydperk">Die Renaissance-tydperk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Renaissance-tydperk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Die Renaissance-tydperk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oslo_domkyrka_Grensen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Oslo_domkyrka_Grensen.JPG/170px-Oslo_domkyrka_Grensen.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Oslo_domkyrka_Grensen.JPG/255px-Oslo_domkyrka_Grensen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Oslo_domkyrka_Grensen.JPG/340px-Oslo_domkyrka_Grensen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Oslo se domkerk dateer van 1697</figcaption></figure> <p>Die stad is verskeie kere deur brande verwoes, onder meer tydens die Sweedse beleg in 1537. </p><p>Vanaf 1536 het Noorweë en <a href="/wiki/Denemarke" title="Denemarke">Denemarke</a> 'n unie gevorm. Nadat Oslo in 1624 deur 'n grootskaalse brand vernietig is, het die Deense koning Christian IV die besluit geneem om die stad onderaan die Akershus-vesting te laat herbou so dat dit as 'n versterking kon dien. Die koning het die nuwe stad na homself Christiania genoem. </p><p>Christian se Renaissancestad met sy breë strate en vakwerk- en steenhuise het tussen die vesting, die katedraal en die huidige strate Øvre Vollgate en Skippergata ontstaan en word vanweë sy reghoekige plattegrond en straatrooster tans <i>Kvadraturen</i> genoem. Arm en landlose bewoners het hulle nogtans weer in die gebied van die ou stadskern (Noors: <i>Gamlebyen</i>) buite die stadsmuur van Christiania gevestig, veral omdat hulle 'n lewe in die nuwe stad nie kon bekostig nie. </p><p>Ná die Reformasie het Oslo se Olavs-klooster en talle kerke verval en dikwels ná brande as "steengroef" vir die oprigting van nuwe geboue gedien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoofstad_van_Noorweë"><span id="Hoofstad_van_Noorwe.C3.AB"></span>Hoofstad van Noorweë</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Hoofstad van Noorweë" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Hoofstad van Noorweë"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oslo_r%C3%A5dhus_(by_alexao).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Oslo_r%C3%A5dhus_%28by_alexao%29.jpg/220px-Oslo_r%C3%A5dhus_%28by_alexao%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Oslo_r%C3%A5dhus_%28by_alexao%29.jpg/330px-Oslo_r%C3%A5dhus_%28by_alexao%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Oslo_r%C3%A5dhus_%28by_alexao%29.jpg/440px-Oslo_r%C3%A5dhus_%28by_alexao%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Die Raadsaal van Oslo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Barcode_and_Oslo_Opera_house_seen_from_Ekeberg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Barcode_and_Oslo_Opera_house_seen_from_Ekeberg.JPG/220px-Barcode_and_Oslo_Opera_house_seen_from_Ekeberg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Barcode_and_Oslo_Opera_house_seen_from_Ekeberg.JPG/330px-Barcode_and_Oslo_Opera_house_seen_from_Ekeberg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Barcode_and_Oslo_Opera_house_seen_from_Ekeberg.JPG/440px-Barcode_and_Oslo_Opera_house_seen_from_Ekeberg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Die Barcode-gebouekompleks en die Nuwe Nasionale Operahuis, soos gesien vanuit Ekeberg</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Universiteit van Oslo, wat in 1811 volgens die voorbeeld van die <a href="/wiki/Berlyn" title="Berlyn">Berlynse</a> Humboldt-universiteit gestig is, is tans die grootste in die land met sowat 30 000 studente. </p><p>As gevolg van die <a href="/wiki/Napoleontiese_Oorlo%C3%AB" title="Napoleontiese Oorloë">Napoleontiese Oorloë</a> en sy politieke bande met <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> moes Denemarke Noorweë in 1814 aan die <a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Sweedse</a> koning Karl Johan afstaan. Christiania het in dieselfde jaar die amptelike status van hoofstad van Noorweë gekry, en op 17 Mei is Noorweë se nuwe grondwet afgekondig. Koning Karl Johan het in 1825 met die bou van die Koninklike Paleis begin wat in 1848 onder die heerskappy van koning Oskar I voltooi is. Die parlementsgebou in Karl Johans gate is in 1866 ingewy. </p><p>Die nywerheidsomwenteling in Oslo het omstreeks 1850 langs die Akerselvarivier 'n aanvang geneem. Die bevolking het in die volgende vyftig jaar veral danksy die binnelandse migrasie van 30 000 tot 230 000 gestyg. Die spelling van Christiania is in 1877 onder die heerskappy van die Sweeds-Noorse koning Oskar II amptelik gewysig tot <i>Kristiania</i>. Eers twintig jaar ná Noorweë se onafhanklikwording is op 1 Januarie 1925 'n parlementêre dekreet uitgevaardig waarvolgens die ou tradisionele Noorse naam Oslo weer amptelik ingevoer is. </p><p>In 1948 het Oslo met die munisipaliteit Aker saamgesmelt. Oslo se oppervlakte is sodoende vergroot tot 452 vierkante kilometer, terwyl sy bevolking met sowat 135 000 gestyg het. Die nuwe Raadsaal van Oslo, wat eers ná 35 jaar in 1950 voltooi is, was een van die grootste projekte ná die onafhanklikheid. Oslo het as gasheerstad van die <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Winterspele_1952" title="Olimpiese Winterspele 1952">Olimpiese Winterspele in 1952</a> opgetree wat onder meer by die bekende Holmenkollen gehou is. </p><p>Die snelle bevolkingsgroei in die 1950's het tot die uitbreiding van die voorstede en 'n gepaardgaande uitbou van die openbare vervoerstelsel gelei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_21ste_eeu">Die 21ste eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Die 21ste eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Die 21ste eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Full_Opera_by_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Full_Opera_by_night.jpg/220px-Full_Opera_by_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Full_Opera_by_night.jpg/330px-Full_Opera_by_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Full_Opera_by_night.jpg/440px-Full_Opera_by_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11462" data-file-height="3581" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Nuwe_Nasionale_Operahuis_(Oslo)" title="Nuwe Nasionale Operahuis (Oslo)">Nuwe Nasionale Operahuis</a> van Oslo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oslo_Raadhusgata1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oslo_Raadhusgata1.jpg/220px-Oslo_Raadhusgata1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oslo_Raadhusgata1.jpg/330px-Oslo_Raadhusgata1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oslo_Raadhusgata1.jpg/440px-Oslo_Raadhusgata1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Rådhusgata, 'n straat in die historiese stadsentrum</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Fjordbyen</i> (letterlik "Fjordstad") is een van die mees ambisieuse projekte wat in die afgelope dekades in Oslo aangepak is en behels die herontwikkeling van die ou dokke in die hawe. Hier ontstaan tans nuwe woon- en sakegeboue, musea, ontspanningsgebiede en kulturele geboue (waaronder die reeds voltooide operateater). Die operahuis is die grootste kulturele gebou in die Noorse hoofstad wat op 12 April 2008 amptelik ingewy is. Die gebou maak deel uit van die eerste gedeelte van <i>Fjordbyen</i> wat in 2008 voltooi sal word.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Fjordbyen-buurt beslaan sowat 225 hektaar en strek van Frognerstranda in die weste tot Ormsund in die suidooste. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stadskarakter_en_argitektuur">Stadskarakter en argitektuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Stadskarakter en argitektuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Stadskarakter en argitektuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Østkant_en_Vestkant"><span id=".C3.98stkant_en_Vestkant"></span>Østkant en Vestkant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Østkant en Vestkant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Østkant en Vestkant"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Net soos baie ander Europese metropole beskik Oslo oor 'n welvarende burgerlike westelike gedeelte, die <i>Vestkant</i>, en 'n historiese nywerheids- en arbeiderskwartier in die ooste, die sogenaamde <i>Østkant</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In die loop van die nywerheidsomwenteling in die 19de eeu het langs die oewers van die Akerselva-rivier in die Østkant nywerheidsgebiede en woonkwartiere vir arbeidergesinne ontstaan, terwyl die omgewing van die Koninklike Slot en die westelike stadsbuurte deur houthuise en villa's van meer gegoede burgers oorheers is. </p><p>Slegte lewensomstandighede het ook in die eerste helfte van die 20ste eeu 'n negatiewe invloed op die bewoners van die oostelike stadsbuurte uitgeoefen. Terwyl geboue in die ouer werkersbuurte reeds verval het, is steeds meer baie eenvoudige woonstelblokke opgerig. Die werkersbuurt Pipervika is in die 1930's gesloop om plek te maak vir die bou van die nuwe Raadsaal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_binnestad">Die binnestad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Die binnestad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Die binnestad"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die bewoners van die binnestad is in die dekades ná die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> deur hoë huurpryse en die toenemende geraas van die padverkeer geknel. Aanvanklik het stadsbeplanners wandellane vir voetgangers aangelê om die stadsentrum op te knap, maar eers met die bou van padtonnels vir Oslo se hoofstrate is die probleem in die vroeë 1980's verlig. Die inkomste uit die oliebedryf het die opknapping van talle sentrale stadsbuurte moontlik gemaak. Ouer geboue is gerestoureer, nuwe winkelsentrums met 'n moderne staal- en glasargitektuur opgerig, en die kosmopolitiese bevolking en kultuur het nuwe lewe in die middestad ingeblaas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egertorget">Egertorget</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Egertorget" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Egertorget"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Egertorget_Oslo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Egertorget_Oslo.jpg/220px-Egertorget_Oslo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Egertorget_Oslo.jpg/330px-Egertorget_Oslo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Egertorget_Oslo.jpg/440px-Egertorget_Oslo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Egertorget <small>(Foto: Kjetil Ree)</small></figcaption></figure> <p>Egertorget is 'n plein in die stadsentrum by die kruising van Karl Johans gate en Øvre slottsgate. Die plein is vernoem na twee broers en eienaars van 'n brouery, Herman (1816–1863) en Thorvald Eger (1827–1901), wat hier 'n groot plaas besit het. Egertorget is 'n belangrike knooppunt van Oslo se moltreinstelsel (Noors: <i>T-banen</i>). Een van die ingange tot die moltreinstasie Stortinget is op die plein geleë. </p><p>In die somer is Egertorget 'n gewilde plek vir straatmusikante en towerkunstenaars, terwyl die grootste kersfeesboom in Oslo hier in Kerstyd opgesit word. Die plein word omring deur talle straatkafees, waarvan <i>Presseklubben</i> en <i>3 brødre</i> die bekendstes is. Die kenmerkende ligreklame vir <i>Freia</i>, die beduidendste Noorse <a href="/wiki/Sjokolade" title="Sjokolade">sjokoladevervaardiger</a>, was in 1909 die eerste van sy soort in Oslo. </p><p>Oslo se eerste wolkekrabber, Horngården, is op Egertorget geleë. Die gebou met altesaam dertien verdiepings is in 1930 deur die argitek Fridtjof Stoud Platou opgerig en tot 'n monument verklaar. Die gebou se fasades, hoofstruktuur en verdiepingsindeling asook sy westelike traphuis word deur die Noorse <i>Riksantikvaren</i> beskerm. Die reklamebord se ontwerp is sedertdien verander, maar dit het steeds op dieselfde plek gebly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aker_Brygge">Aker Brygge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Aker Brygge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Aker Brygge"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oslo_Aker_Brygge_2005_June_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Oslo_Aker_Brygge_2005_June_19.jpg/220px-Oslo_Aker_Brygge_2005_June_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Oslo_Aker_Brygge_2005_June_19.jpg/330px-Oslo_Aker_Brygge_2005_June_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Oslo_Aker_Brygge_2005_June_19.jpg/440px-Oslo_Aker_Brygge_2005_June_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Aker Brygge</figcaption></figure> <p>Aker Brygge is 'n stadsbuurt en die naam van 'n winkelsentrum in die administratiewe distrik Frogner in die stadsentrum. Die buurt is aan die westelike kant van Pipervika, 'n sytak van die Oslofjord, geleë. </p><p>Die buurt is op die voormalige terrein van die skeepswerf <i>Akers Mekaniske Verksted AS</i> geleë wat in 1982 gesluit is. Voordat die werf hom hier in 1854 gevestig het, het die gebied as <i>Holmen</i> bekend gestaan. Dit het oorspronklik deel uitgemaak van 'n boerdery waar vroeg in die 19de eeu enkele nywerhede en 'n voorstad van Oslo ontstaan het. </p><p>Die opknapping en uitbou van Aker Brygge is deur die eiendomsmaatskappy <i>Aker Eiendom AS</i> deurgevoer. 'n Aantal ou fabrieksgeboue is afgebreek, maar sommige van die groot nywerheidsgeboue is tot winkels omgebou. Die eerste bouprojekte, wat deur die argitekte Telje, Torp en Aasen ontwerp is, is in 1986 voltooi. Die vierde en laaste projek, die nuwe kantoorgebou van die assuransiemaatskappy <i>Storebrand</i> aan die Munkedamsveien, is in 1998 ingewy. </p><p>Vandag is Aker Brygge met sy winkelsentrum, restourante, rolprentteater, kantoorgeboue en luukse woonstelle en 'n totale oppervlakte van 260 000 vierkante meter 'n gewilde woonbuurt vir Oslonaars asook 'n toeristetrekpleister wat jaarliks ses miljoen besoekers lok. Die buurt beskik oor 'n klein hawe met aanlêplekke vir bote, jagte en die veerbote van die Nesodden-Bundefjord-stoomskipmaatskappy. </p><p>Die belangrikste strate in Aker Brygge is Beddingen, Bryggegata, Bryggepassasjen, Dokkveien, Fjordalléen, Grundingen, Holmens gate, Koøyet, Riggergangen, Sjøgata, Stranden en Støperigata. Die kaai langs Pipervika word Tingvallakaia genoem. Die plein Bryggetorget is teenoor Tjuvholmen geleë. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oslo_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Oslo_City.jpg/220px-Oslo_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Oslo_City.jpg/330px-Oslo_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Oslo_City.jpg/440px-Oslo_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption><i>Oslo City</i>, 'n winkelsentrum in Oslo se middestad</figcaption></figure> <p>Die metropolitaanse gebied van Groter Oslo (Noors: <i>Osloregionen</i>) word sowel in ekonomiese asook demografiese opsig deur 'n sterk groeikoers gekenmerk. As die hoofstad van Noorweë en sy beduidendste ekonomiese en wetenskaplike sentrum is Oslo die belangrikste bestemming vir buitelandse beleggings in dié Skandinawiese land. </p><p>Met 750 000 NOK of 75 120 € per capita in 2005 – drie keer so hoog soos die gemiddelde van die 27 lidlande van die Europese Unie en ook hoër as dié van ander Skandinawiese hoofstede – is Oslo se bruto nasionale produk die hoogste van alle Europese metropole. </p><p>Die plaaslike ekonomie word deur die openbare en privaat dienstesektor oorheers, terwyl nywerhede tradisioneel 'n minder belangrike rol speel. Nogtans het Groter Oslo tot Noorweë se beduidendste sentrum vir kennisgebaseerde ekonomiese aktiwiteite ontwikkel waar sowat die helfte van die land se navorsings- en ontwikkelingsaktiwiteite plaasvind. Sowel die openbare asook die privaatsektor spits hulle tans op vyf ekonomiese sektore toe: Maritieme nywerhede, energie en omgewingsbewaring, informasie- en telekommunikasietegnologie, biotegnologie en lewenswetenskappe en kultuur. Die maatskappye in hierdie bedrywe is reeds hoogs mededingend op die wêreldmark of het die potensiaal om as toekomstige mededingers op te tree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastruktuur">Infrastruktuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Infrastruktuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Infrastruktuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Oslo-lughawe" title="Oslo-lughawe">Oslo-lughawe</a> is ongeveer 45 km noord van die stad geleë. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Susterstede">Susterstede</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Susterstede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Susterstede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Vlag van Swede"><img alt="Vlag van Swede" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gotenburg" title="Gotenburg">Gotenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Swede</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Vlag van Suid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nelspruit" title="Nelspruit">Nelspruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China"><img alt="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sleeswyk-Holstein" title="Sleeswyk-Holstein">Sleeswyk-Holstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Vlag van Litaue"><img alt="Vlag van Litaue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Vlag van Pole"><img alt="Vlag van Pole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Warskou" title="Warskou">Warskou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/befolkning/folketall/artikler/de-storste-byene-og-tettstedene-i-norge">"De 10 største byene, tettstedene og kommunene i Norge"</a>. Statistiek Noorweë. 5 Januarie 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">10 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+10+st%C3%B8rste+byene%2C+tettstedene+og+kommunene+i+Norge&rft.pub=Statistiek+Noorwe%C3%AB&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fbefolkning%2Ffolketall%2Fartikler%2Fde-storste-byene-og-tettstedene-i-norge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080421165309/http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Norwegen/Wirtschaft.html">"Ekonomie van Noorweë"</a>. Duitse Departement van Buitelandse Sake. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Norwegen/Wirtschaft.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 21 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ekonomie+van+Noorwe%C3%AB&rft.pub=Duitse+Departement+van+Buitelandse+Sake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.auswaertiges-amt.de%2Fdiplo%2Fde%2FLaenderinformationen%2FNorwegen%2FWirtschaft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> Aftenposten, 12 October 2014, bl. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113110837/http://www.osloby.no/nyheter/Han-har-kartlagt-Christianias-karthistorie-7810898.html">"Han har kartlagt Christianias karthistorie"</a>. Oslo by. 8 Desember 2014. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osloby.no/nyheter/Han-har-kartlagt-Christianias-karthistorie-7810898.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 13 Januarie 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">13 Januarie</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Han+har+kartlagt+Christianias+karthistorie&rft.pub=Oslo+by&rft.date=2014-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osloby.no%2Fnyheter%2FHan-har-kartlagt-Christianias-karthistorie-7810898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/Oslo/historie">"Oslo – historie"</a>. 3 Augustus 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161020111834/https://snl.no/Oslo/historie">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 20 Oktober 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 Oktober</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oslo+%E2%80%93+historie&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FOslo%2Fhistorie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> Knut Are Tvedt, red. (2000). <i>«Oslo gate». Oslo byleksikon</i> (4. uitg.). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. bl. 324. <span class="ISBN" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/82-573-0815-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/82-573-0815-3">ISBN 82-573-0815-3</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> Pål Abrahamsen et al. (red.): <i>Fra dollhus til moderne psykiatri. Oslo Hospital 1538–1988.</i> Selskapet for Oslo bys vel. Oslo 1988.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> Cf. Bjorvand, Harald (2008). "Oslo." In: <i>Namn och bygd. Tidskrift för nordisk ortnamnsforskning</i>, vol. 96, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> <cite style="font-style:normal">Jon G. Jørgensen (28 September 2014). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Peder_Clauss%C3%B8n_Friis/utdypning">Peder Claussøn Friis</a>". <i>Store norske leksikon</i>.  Ed. Knut Helle. Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. URL besoek op 15 Mei 2013.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.au=Jon+G.+J%C3%B8rgensen&rft.contributor=Knut+Helle&rft.title=Peder+Clauss%C3%B8n+Friis&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snl.no%2F.nbl_biografi%2FPeder_Clauss%25C3%25B8n_Friis%2Futdypning&rft.source=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget&rft.place=Oslo&rft.date=28+September+2014"> </span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019011703/https://snl.no/Alna%2Felv_i_Oslo">"Alna – elv i Oslo"</a>. Store Norske Leksikon. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/Alna/elv_i_Oslo">die oorspronklike</a> op 19 Oktober 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">19 Oktober</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alna+%E2%80%93+elv+i+Oslo&rft.pub=Store+Norske+Leksikon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snl.no%2FAlna%2Felv_i_Oslo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> "Fra Språkrøret: Hvorfor kaller vi Oslo for Tigerstaden?," <i>St. Hallvard</i>, 3/1991, bl. 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> GTAI Germany Trade and Invest: <i>Markets International 1/19</i>, bl. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=21">"Oslo"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%AAreldmeteorologiese_Organisasie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wêreldmeteorologiese Organisasie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wêreldmeteorologiese Organisasie</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">10 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oslo&rft.pub=W%C3%AAreldmeteorologiese+Organisasie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2Fen%2Fcity.html%3FcityId%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=88410&cityname=Oslo-Oslo-Norway">"Oslo"</a>. Weatherbase<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">10 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oslo&rft.pub=Weatherbase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather.php3%3Fs%3D88410%26cityname%3DOslo-Oslo-Norway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web3.custompublish.com/getfile.php/401030.967.ypuywpfcdp/Eng_Facts.pdf?return=www.visitoslo.com">www.visitoslo.com: <i>The Fjord City</i></a><sup><i>[dooie skakel]</i></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.martinkessler-art.ch/europa/norwegen/N%20-%20Oslo%20%20Geschichte.pdf"><i>Martin Kessler: Die geskiedenis van Oslo</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Susterstede-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_17-0">17,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_17-1">17,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_17-2">17,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_17-3">17,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_17-4">17,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_17-5">17,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407101029/http://www.oslo.kommune.no/english/international_cooperation/cooperating_cities_and_regions/">"Co-operating cities and regions"</a>. Oslo by. 24 Februarie 2012. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oslo.kommune.no/english/international_cooperation/cooperating_cities_and_regions/">die oorspronklike</a> op 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Co-operating+cities+and+regions&rft.pub=Oslo+by&rft.date=2012-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oslo.kommune.no%2Fenglish%2Finternational_cooperation%2Fcooperating_cities_and_regions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oslo" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Oslo">Oslo</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Oslo">Oslo</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oslo.kommune.no/">Amptelike webwerf</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Oslo">"Oslo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">10 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oslo&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FOslo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Statistieke gegewens</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Noors">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">no</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utviklings-og-kompetanseetaten.oslo.kommune.no/oslostatistikken/publikasjoner/statistisk_arbok/#sa2004"><i>Munisipaliteit Oslo: Statistieke jaarboeke</i></a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinsies_van_Noorweë" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Provinsies_van_Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Provinsies van Noorweë"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Provinsies_van_Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Provinsies van Noorweë"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Provinsies_van_Noorwe%C3%AB&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinsies_van_Noorweë" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fylke" title="Fylke">Provinsies</a> van <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agder (bladsy bestaan nie)">Agder</a> | <a href="/wiki/Akershus" title="Akershus">Akershus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Buskerud" title="Buskerud">Buskerud</a> | <a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Finnmark</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Innlandet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Innlandet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Innlandet</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Møre og Romsdal (bladsy bestaan nie)">Møre og Romsdal</a> | <a href="/wiki/Nordland" title="Nordland">Nordland</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo</a> | <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold" title="Østfold">Østfold</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rogaland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rogaland (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rogaland</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telemark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telemark (bladsy bestaan nie)">Telemark</a> | <a href="/wiki/Troms" title="Troms">Troms</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%C3%B8ndelag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trøndelag (bladsy bestaan nie)">Trøndelag</a> | <a href="/wiki/Vestland" title="Vestland">Vestland</a> | <a href="/wiki/Vestfold" title="Vestfold">Vestfold</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vorige provinsies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aust-Agder" title="Aust-Agder">Aust-Agder</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> | <a href="/wiki/Hedmark" title="Hedmark">Hedmark</a> | <a href="/wiki/Hordaland" title="Hordaland">Hordaland</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nord-Trøndelag (bladsy bestaan nie)">Nord-Trøndelag</a> | <a href="/wiki/Oppland" title="Oppland">Oppland</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sogn_og_Fjordane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sogn og Fjordane (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sogn og Fjordane</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B8r-Tr%C3%B8ndelag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sør-Trøndelag (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sør-Trøndelag</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Troms_og_Finnmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Troms og Finnmark (bladsy bestaan nie)">Troms og Finnmark</a> | <a href="/wiki/Vest-Agder" title="Vest-Agder">Vest-Agder</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestfold_og_Telemark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestfold og Telemark (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vestfold og Telemark</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viken_(provinsie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viken (provinsie) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Viken</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ander dele van die land</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> | <a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bouveteiland" title="Bouveteiland">Bouveteiland</a> | <a href="/wiki/Koningin_Maudland" title="Koningin Maudland">Koningin Maudland</a> | <a href="/wiki/Peter_I-Eiland" title="Peter I-Eiland">Peter I-Eiland</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hoofstede_in_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Europa"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Hoofstede_in_Europa" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Hoofstede in Europa"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Europa&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hoofstede_in_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstede</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">onafhanklike lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a> • <a href="/wiki/Athene" title="Athene">Athene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bakoe" title="Bakoe">Bakoe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Belgrado" title="Belgrado">Belgrado</a> • <a href="/wiki/Berlyn" title="Berlyn">Berlyn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boedapest" title="Boedapest">Boedapest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boekarest" title="Boekarest">Boekarest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brussel" title="Brussel">Brussel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jerewan" title="Jerewan">Jerewan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kijif" title="Kijif">Kijif</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kopenhagen" title="Kopenhagen">Kopenhagen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(stad)" title="Luxemburg (stad)">Luxemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> • <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Parys" title="Parys">Parys</a> • <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a> • <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a> • <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a> • <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Marino_(stad)" title="San Marino (stad)">San Marino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vatikaanstad" title="Vatikaanstad">Vatikaanstad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Warskou" title="Warskou">Warskou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wene" title="Wene">Wene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noord-Nicosia" title="Noord-Nicosia">Lefkoşa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Loehansk" title="Loehansk">Loehansk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_(Man)" title="Douglas (Man)">Douglas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Episkopi" title="Episkopi">Episkopi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Olonkinbyen" title="Olonkinbyen">Olonkinbyen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier">Saint Helier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a> • <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Afrika">Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90094909">90094909</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX460251">XX460251</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11882326b">cb11882326b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11882326b">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4043968-9">4043968-9</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000115544893">0000 0001 1554 4893</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79018884">n79018884</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/f80d529e-f242-46ef-a090-d193ed23075f">f80d529e-f242-46ef-a090-d193ed23075f</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045056">10045056</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628309">00628309</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge259811&CON_LNG=ENG">ge259811</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35869001">35869001</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000974537&local_base=nlx10">000974537</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000765505&local_base=nsk10">000765505</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026608200">026608200</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137191199">137191199</a></span></span></li> <li><span 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