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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Confederate Memorial Hall (disambiguation)">Confederate Memorial Hall (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Brownstone townhouse in Washington, D.C.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Confederate Memorial Hall<br />(former name)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Confederate_Memorial_Hall,_Washington,_D.C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Confederate_Memorial_Hall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="350" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Confederate Memorial Hall, with flag, in 1997</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_f1e63d4ff5e224c4b64023d43a9ca33aae17a3b6"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Confederate_Memorial_Hall&revid=1246719182&groups=_f1e63d4ff5e224c4b64023d43a9ca33aae17a3b6" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Confederate_Memorial_Hall&revid=1246719182&groups=_f1e63d4ff5e224c4b64023d43a9ca33aae17a3b6 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Confederate Embassy</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Closed and building sold to pay fines. Converted into four apartments.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Brownstone" title="Brownstone">Brownstone</a> <a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">townhouse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data">1322 Vermont Avenue</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Town or city</th><td class="infobox-data">Washington, D.C.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Confederate_Memorial_Hall&params=32.9089_N_77.0308_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°54′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°01′51″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.9089°N 77.0308°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.9089; -77.0308</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1885</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugurated</th><td class="infobox-data">1907</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closed</th><td class="infobox-data">1997</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cost</th><td class="infobox-data">$3,900,000 (2014 transaction)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor count</th><td class="infobox-data">4 floors + finished basement</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor area</th><td class="infobox-data">9,880 square feet (918 m<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grounds</th><td class="infobox-data">4,356 square feet (404.7 m<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Other information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of rooms</th><td class="infobox-data">25, including 11 bedrooms</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parking</th><td class="infobox-data">carport</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://confederate.org/hall.html">https://confederate.org/hall.html</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Confederate Memorial Hall</b> (sometimes calling itself the "<b>Confederate Embassy</b>") was a museum, library, and social club owned by the Confederate Memorial Association and located at 1322 Vermont Avenue NW in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> The <a href="/wiki/Brownstone" title="Brownstone">brownstone</a> that housed it, just off <a href="/wiki/Logan_Circle_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Logan Circle (Washington, D.C.)">Logan Circle</a>, became a private residence in 1997. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederate_Memorial_Hall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hall was originally the Confederate Memorial Home,<sup id="cite_ref-Home_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Home-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a residence and gathering place for Confederate veterans. In 1919, 54 years after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>'s end, with few veterans still alive, it was converted into the Confederate Memorial Hall, no longer a residence but a library, museum, and "social hall for white politicians from the South". Notices in newspapers tell of events held there: the <a href="/wiki/United_Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans" class="mw-redirect" title="United Sons of Confederate Veterans">United Sons of Confederate Veterans</a>, a "musical entertainment" in 1909;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of the Confederacy">Children of the Confederacy</a> hosted in 1913;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the women's auxiliary, a benefit concert in 1914;<sup id="cite_ref-Home_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Home-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a>, a reception in 1916<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a benefit card party in 1917;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> open house in 1917 for those attending "the annual pilgrimage of Confederate veterans to Arlington".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 1997 web page kept active, the Hall had oil portraits of <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> and Generals <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Stonewall Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Price" title="Sterling Price">Sterling Price</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">Joseph E. Johnston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fitzhugh_Lee" title="Fitzhugh Lee">Fitzhugh Lee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-More_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-More-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also on display were an original print of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butial_of_Latan%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butial of Latané (page does not exist)">Burial of [William] Latane</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a marble bust of General Robert E. Lee by "<a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost Cause">Lost Cause</a>" sculptor <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Barbee" title="Herbert Barbee">Herbert Barbee</a>, a Jefferson Davis <a href="/wiki/Sideboard" title="Sideboard">sideboard</a>, two chairs once the property of <a href="/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregard" title="P. G. T. Beauregard">General Beauregard</a>, "numerous battle flags", and the <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America#First_flag:_the_"Stars_and_Bars"_(1861–1863)" title="Flags of the Confederate States of America">First National Flag of the Confederacy</a> that flew during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Atlanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Atlanta">siege of Atlanta</a>. The library contained over 1,000 books.<sup id="cite_ref-More_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-More-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hall had a collection of Civil War-era musical instruments on which small concerts of Civil War-era music were performed, "a copy of Lee's farewell order to his troops after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House" title="Battle of Appomattox Court House">Battle of Appomattox</a>...as well as a yellowed legal copy of Davis' bail bond".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1960s and 70s, the building and the association fell on hard times. Membership declined, and the hall became a refuge for vagrants. Hurley, whose father was a member, stepped in and helped refurbish the building, partly with his own money.<sup id="cite_ref-Battle_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Battle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moines_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moines-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederate_Memorial_Hall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"As the 20th century drew to a close, the CMA was sponsoring magnificent <a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a> grand balls, barbecues, horse events, and a myriad of activities that showcase Southern culture and its inherent good manners and abiding respect for others."<sup id="cite_ref-Welcome_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welcome-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 17, 1987, the date chosen because <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>'s birthday was January 19, the Association held an $80 (equivalent to $215 in 2023)–per–couple ball and fundraiser. It featured "period dancing to <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a> melodies played on antique instruments."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1989, there was a <a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">fox hunt</a> in Virginia. "In June there is a grand ball to celebrate the birthday of <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It claimed a membership of several thousand,<sup id="cite_ref-Battle_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Battle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the only visible member is its president, John Edward Hurley (who calls it "my...organization"). Hurley, who is described as a <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> correspondent on the website of the Justice Integrity Project,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is also member of a <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying</a> group,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been president since the 1980s. <a href="/wiki/Sarah_McClendon" title="Sarah McClendon">Sarah McClendon</a> was on the Association's board.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_saga_resulting_in_its_closure">Legal saga resulting in its closure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederate_Memorial_Hall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal saga resulting in its closure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard T. Hines was a former South Carolina state legislator, U.S. <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a> official, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans" title="Sons of Confederate Veterans">Sons of Confederate Veterans</a> chapter in Washington, and "a major <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confederate">neo-Confederate</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (May 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> who "in 1984...penned a paean to <a href="/wiki/Preston_Brooks" title="Preston Brooks">Preston Brooks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Secessionism_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Secessionism in the American Civil War">secessionist</a> South Carolina congressman who <a href="/wiki/Caning_of_Charles_Sumner" title="Caning of Charles Sumner">caned Senator Charles Sumner</a> of Massachusetts on the Senate floor in 1854 for his speeches against <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Max_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Max-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, he filed suit seeking to dismiss Hurley and the association's vice president, Mrs. John Tilden Rogers. Hines complained, among other things, that Hurley operated the building for personal gain, renting out rooms and pocketing the proceeds. </p><p>"In one of the most bizarre cases to ever come before the courts",<sup id="cite_ref-Cocaine_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cocaine-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hurley and Mrs. Rogers responded by suing Hines and six others, claiming they were victims of a legal coup. Hines and his followers countered with a $250,000 suit against Hurley and Mrs. Rogers. In 1990, Hurley filed a $5 million suit under the <a href="/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act" title="Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act">Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act</a>, charging Hines and others with perjury, mail fraud, and money-laundering, "among other misdeeds".<sup id="cite_ref-Battle_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Battle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moines_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moines-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit was dismissed <a href="/wiki/With_prejudice" class="mw-redirect" title="With prejudice">with prejudice</a>, and defendants were awarded $69,066 in attorneys' fees.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over several years, Hurley also accused various people and federal agencies of corruption and a variety of financial crimes, as well as drug trafficking. In a letter to Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a>, he linked government corruption and retribution for his <a href="/wiki/Whistleblowing" title="Whistleblowing">whistleblowing</a>, with the efforts to force members onto the Association's board and thus seize its building.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hurley said his life was threatened on several occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-Cocaine_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cocaine-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a fight inside the Memorial Hall in which the shirt of one of Hurley's rivals was torn from his body...and the fracas "nearly led to bloodshed." "They call my wife and threaten her or threaten me and put notes on my door. That's <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> stuff."<sup id="cite_ref-Moines_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moines-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I'm relatively conservative myself...[b]ut their conservatism is off the chart as far as I'm concerned."<sup id="cite_ref-Moines_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moines-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was jailed briefly for contempt of court and fined $30,000 in <a href="/wiki/Court_cost" class="mw-redirect" title="Court cost">court costs</a> during this extended battle, "because he had failed to obey [the judge's] previous order requiring that Hurley add new members to the organization's board of directors". "According to Hurley, the individuals the judge had ordered on the board had affiliations with <a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">Oliver North</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Iran-Contra_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran-Contra affair">Contra</a> operations."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What "the North/Republican operatives" really wanted was..."a beautiful front behind which it can run a nasty military/intelligence operation".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To no avail, Hurley also reported the federal judge deciding his case, John H. Bayly Jr., to the District of Columbia Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He alleged that Bayly "hired the plaintiffs to sue him", and feared "his own 'probable assassination' by the government as payback for his uncovering court complicity in cocaine trafficking."<sup id="cite_ref-Cocaine_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cocaine-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Hurley, his "bizarre court odyssey" began in the 1980s when he canceled an <a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">Oliver North</a> "Freedom Fighter" fund-raising event, to be held at Confederate Memorial Hall, for "denizens of the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a>, a peculiar gathering of Nicaraguan <a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">contras</a>, Afghan-based <a href="/wiki/Mujahedeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujahedeen">mujahedeen</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angolan</a> guerrilla group <a href="/wiki/UNITA" title="UNITA">UNITA</a>, which was funded by the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> regime."<sup id="cite_ref-Max_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Max-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said he took this action because the Tax Code prohibited such political activity by his tax-exempt organization; in fact, Hurley's Association lost its <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501 (c)(3)</a> status for a few years but regained it. "Hurley said that after ten years of litigation he can prove beyond a shadow of doubt that members of Oliver North's operation was [sic] using a Mid-Atlantic Credit Union account in <a href="/wiki/Gaithersburg,_Maryland" title="Gaithersburg, Maryland">Gaithersburg, Maryland</a>, and a review of this account would prove the costs imposed on Hurley were fraudulent. Judge Bayly, however, quashed subpoenas for both Oliver North and the account without explanation. Hurley said that the board of trustees of his organization, which included those trustees that Judge Bayly had ordered on the board, had voted to sell the museum to cover the fines and costs that were being imposed by the courts."<sup id="cite_ref-Press_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building was seized and sold in 1997 to pay $500,000 in contempt of court fines that Hurley received in District of Columbia courts for undisclosed reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Press_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It then became a private residence.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Washington_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"'<a href="/wiki/Constitutional_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional government">Constitutional government</a> is a thing of the past', Hurley sadly observed."<sup id="cite_ref-Press_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederate_Memorial_Hall&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Home-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Home_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Home_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31064785/activities_related_to_the_confederate/">"Concert for Confederate Home"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. March 9, 1914. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502051612/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31064785/activities_related_to_the_confederate/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Concert+for+Confederate+Home&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1914-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F31064785%2Factivities_related_to_the_confederate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31064814/meeting_at_confederate_memorial_hall/">"Confederate Veterans' Sons Entertain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Evening_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Evening Star">Evening Star</a></i>. March 10, 1909. p. 20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502060336/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31064814/meeting_at_confederate_memorial_hall/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+Star&rft.atitle=Confederate+Veterans%27+Sons+Entertain&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1909-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F31064814%2Fmeeting_at_confederate_memorial_hall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31064796/activities_at_confederate_memorial_hall/">"Society"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. March 16, 1913. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607011527/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31064796/activities_at_confederate_memorial_hall/">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Society&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1913-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F31064796%2Factivities_at_confederate_memorial_hall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31064765/activities_hosted_at_the_confederate/">"Local News Stories"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. December 30, 1916. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607003844/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31064765/activities_hosted_at_the_confederate/">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 18, 1917. p. 60. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228172405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31064824/benefit_card_party_at_confederate/">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wayne+Madsen%2C+John+Edward+Hurley%2C+and+Richard+T.+Hines&rft.date=2006-07-09&rft.aulast=Sebesta&rft.aufirst=Edward+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewtknight.blogspot.com%2F2006%2F07%2Fwayne-madsen-john-edward-hurley-and.html%23.XMYdh4opChA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Max-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Max_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Max_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenthal2005" class="citation news cs1">Blumenthal, Max (August 16, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/lobbyist-lost-cause/">"Lobbyist for the Lost Cause. Meet Richard Hines, GOP lobbyist, front man for weapons makers and hidden hand behind the extremist agenda of the neo-Confederate movement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106000248/https://www.thenation.com/article/lobbyist-lost-cause/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Lobbyist+for+the+Lost+Cause.+Meet+Richard+Hines%2C+GOP+lobbyist%2C+front+man+for+weapons+makers+and+hidden+hand+behind+the+extremist+agenda+of+the+neo-Confederate+movement&rft.date=2005-08-16&rft.aulast=Blumenthal&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Flobbyist-lost-cause%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cocaine-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cocaine_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cocaine_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cocaine_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurley" class="citation web cs1">Hurley, John Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.confederate.org/publish/legal/ciacoke.html">"The CIA, Cocaine, and the Confederate Memorial Hall (press release)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040620064704/http://www.confederate.org/publish/legal/ciacoke.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+CIA%2C+Cocaine%2C+and+the+Confederate+Memorial+Hall+%28press+release%29&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=John+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.confederate.org%2Fpublish%2Flegal%2Fciacoke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia1993" class="citation cs2">United States District Court for the District of Columbia (September 21, 1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/995/295/67400/"><i>Confederate Memorial Association, Inc.; John Edward Hurley; and Mrs. John Tilden Rogers, Appellants, v. Richard T. Hines, et al., 995 F.2d 295 (D.C. Cir. 1993)</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428193132/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/995/295/67400/">archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Confederate+Memorial+Association%2C+Inc.%3B+John+Edward+Hurley%3B+and+Mrs.+John+Tilden+Rogers%2C+Appellants%2C+v.+Richard+T.+Hines%2C+et+al.%2C+995+F.2d+295+%28D.C.+Cir.+1993%29&rft.date=1993-09-21&rft.au=United+States+District+Court+for+the+District+of+Columbia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fappellate-courts%2FF2%2F995%2F295%2F67400%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurley1994" class="citation web cs1">Hurley, John Edward (April 25, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.confederate.org/publish/legal/affid/af_54.gif">"Letter to Attorney General Janet Reno"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030421084605/http://www.confederate.org/publish/legal/affid/af_54.gif">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+to+Attorney+General+Janet+Reno&rft.date=1994-04-25&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=John+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.confederate.org%2Fpublish%2Flegal%2Faffid%2Faf_54.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurley1996" class="citation web cs1">Hurley, John Edward (December 20, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.confederate.org/publish/legal/harvey2.html">"Confederate Museum Director Jailed (press release)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040620063506/http://www.confederate.org/publish/legal/harvey2.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confederate+Museum+Director+Jailed+%28press+release%29&rft.date=1996-12-20&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=John+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.confederate.org%2Fpublish%2Flegal%2Fharvey2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurley1997" class="citation news cs1">Hurley, John Edward (April 12, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.confederate.org/publish/1997release/shdowfrt.html">"Shadow Government & Fronts (press release)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040619042304/http://www.confederate.org/publish/1997release/shdowfrt.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shadow+Government+%26+Fronts+%28press+release%29&rft.date=1997-04-12&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=John+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.confederate.org%2Fpublish%2F1997release%2Fshdowfrt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurley" class="citation web cs1">Hurley, John Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.confederate.org/publish/legal/legal.html">"The Courts and the Hostile Takeover Attempt"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040619040659/http://www.confederate.org/publish/legal/legal.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Courts+and+the+Hostile+Takeover+Attempt&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=John+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.confederate.org%2Fpublish%2Flegal%2Flegal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Press-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Press_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Press_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Press_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.confederate.org/publish/1997release/close.html">"Court Action Forces Confederate Museum to Close (press release)"</a>. Confederate Memorial Association. September 12, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907153127/http://www.confederate.org/publish/1997release/close.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Court+Action+Forces+Confederate+Museum+to+Close+%28press+release%29&rft.date=1997-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.confederate.org%2Fpublish%2F1997release%2Fclose.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapps2015" class="citation news cs1">Capps, Kriston (June 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/06/texas-built-a-confederate-memorial-on-a-street-named-for-martin-luther-king-jr/396344/">"Texas Built a Confederate Memorial on a Street Named for Martin Luther King Jr"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CityLab_(web_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="CityLab (web magazine)">CityLab</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417155506/https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/06/texas-built-a-confederate-memorial-on-a-street-named-for-martin-luther-king-jr/396344/">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CityLab&rft.atitle=Texas+Built+a+Confederate+Memorial+on+a+Street+Named+for+Martin+Luther+King+Jr.&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft.aulast=Capps&rft.aufirst=Kriston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citylab.com%2Fequity%2F2015%2F06%2Ftexas-built-a-confederate-memorial-on-a-street-named-for-martin-luther-king-jr%2F396344%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Washington-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Washington_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery2011" class="citation news cs1">Montgomery, David (April 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/traces-of-the-confederacy-in-washington-not-all-gone-with-the-wind/2011/03/21/AFWqh2JD_story.html">"Traces of the Confederacy in Washington, not all gone with the wind"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011104854/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/traces-of-the-confederacy-in-washington-not-all-gone-with-the-wind/2011/03/21/AFWqh2JD_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Traces+of+the+Confederacy+in+Washington%2C+not+all+gone+with+the+wind&rft.date=2011-04-11&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Ftraces-of-the-confederacy-in-washington-not-all-gone-with-the-wind%2F2011%2F03%2F21%2FAFWqh2JD_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfederate+Memorial+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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