CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Steampunk - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e2eabfd5-ca6a-49a5-b699-e81cacd03669","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Steampunk","wgTitle":"Steampunk","wgCurRevisionId":1258829364,"wgRevisionId":1258829364,"wgArticleId":27684,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: unfit URL","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","All articles with self-published sources","Articles with self-published sources from July 2020","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2017","Articles that may contain original research from November 2020","All articles that may contain original research", "Articles lacking reliable references from June 2024","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles with trivia sections from March 2017","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015","Articles lacking reliable references from November 2020","Articles lacking reliable references from December 2017","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024","Articles needing more detailed references","Articles needing additional references from September 2016","All articles needing additional references","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017","Commons category link from Wikidata","Steampunk","1980s neologisms","Science fiction fandom","Adventure genres","History of fashion","Retro style","Science fiction culture","Science fiction genres","Science fiction themes","Works about the Industrial Revolution"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Steampunk","wgRelevantArticleId":27684,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q223685","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands", "architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1746"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg/800px-20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1164"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg/640px-20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="931"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Steampunk - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Steampunk rootpage-Steampunk skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Steampunk" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Steampunk" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Steampunk" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Steampunk" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Precursors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precursors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Precursors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precursors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_of_the_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_the_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Origin of the term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_the_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_steampunk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_steampunk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Modern steampunk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_steampunk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_steampunk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_steampunk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Japanese steampunk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_steampunk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationships_to_retrofuturism,_DIY_craft_and_making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_to_retrofuturism,_DIY_craft_and_making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Relationships to retrofuturism, DIY craft and making </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships_to_retrofuturism,_DIY_craft_and_making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art,_entertainment,_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art,_entertainment,_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Art, entertainment, and media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art,_entertainment,_and_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Art, entertainment, and media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Art,_entertainment,_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art_and_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Art and design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_and_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Fashion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steampunk_settings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steampunk_settings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Steampunk settings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steampunk_settings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alternative_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Alternative world </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 American West </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fantasy_and_horror" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fantasy_and_horror"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 Fantasy and horror </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fantasy_and_horror-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-apocalyptic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-apocalyptic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.4 Post-apocalyptic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-apocalyptic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victorian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victorian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.5 Victorian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victorian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.6 East Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_and_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_and_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Television and films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_and_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Video games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Culture and community </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_community-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture and community subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Social events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Steampunk</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" > 58 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83" title="ستيم بانك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستيم بانك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimpank" title="Stimpank – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Stimpank" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Стымпанк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стымпанк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agerstalwm" title="Agerstalwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Agerstalwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurupunk" title="Aurupunk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aurupunk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BA" title="Ατμοπάνκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατμοπάνκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporpunko" title="Vaporpunko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vaporpunko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="استیم‌پانک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استیم‌پانک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galphunc" title="Galphunc – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Galphunc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%80%ED%8E%91%ED%81%AC" title="스팀펑크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스팀펑크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="स्टीमपंक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्टीमपंक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gufup%C3%B6nk" title="Gufupönk – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gufupönk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7" title="סטימפאנק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטימפאנק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="სტიმპანკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტიმპანკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimpankas" title="Stimpankas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stimpankas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="スチームパンク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スチームパンク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimpank" title="Stimpank – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Stimpank" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Стимпанк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стимпанк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DA%A9" title="ستیمپەنک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ستیمپەنک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C" title="สตีมพังก์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สตีมพังก์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Стимпанк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стимпанк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Steampunk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E9%AC%85%E5%AE%A2" title="蒸汽鬅客 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蒸汽鬅客" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%9C%8B%E5%85%8B" title="蒸汽朋克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒸汽朋克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q223685#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Steampunk" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Steampunk">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Steampunk">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Steampunk" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Steampunk" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&oldid=1258829364" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Steampunk&id=1258829364&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSteampunk">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSteampunk">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Steampunk&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Steampunk" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q223685" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subgenre of science fiction</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the genre of fiction and associated subculture. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Steampunk_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Steampunk (disambiguation)">Steampunk (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg/170px-20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg/255px-20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg/340px-20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Original illustration of <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Nautilus" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nautilus">Nautilus</a> engine room</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_house3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="black and white drawing of small house of complex design raised above the surrounding buildings on a turntable." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Aerial_house3.jpg/170px-Aerial_house3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Aerial_house3.jpg/255px-Aerial_house3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Aerial_house3.jpg/340px-Aerial_house3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2859" data-file-height="4784" /></a><figcaption>"Maison tournante aérienne" (aerial rotating house) by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Robida" title="Albert Robida">Albert Robida</a> for his book Le Vingtième Siècle, a 19th-century conception of life in the 20th century</figcaption></figure> Steampunk is a <a href="/wiki/Subgenre" class="mw-redirect" title="Subgenre">subgenre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> that incorporates <a href="/wiki/Retrofuturistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrofuturistic">retrofuturistic</a> technology and <a href="/wiki/Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">aesthetics</a> inspired by, but not limited to, 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">industrial</a> <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam-powered</a> machinery.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Latham-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Steampunk works are often set in an <a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">alternative history</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> or the <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a>, where steam power remains in mainstream use, or in a fantasy world that similarly employs steam power. Steampunk features <a href="/wiki/Anachronism" title="Anachronism">anachronistic</a> technologies or retrofuturistic inventions as people in the 19th century might have envisioned them — distinguishing it from <a href="/wiki/Neo-Victorian" title="Neo-Victorian">Neo-Victorianism</a><a href="#cite_note-Nally-4">[4]</a> — and is likewise rooted in the era's perspective on fashion, culture, architectural style, and art.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Such technologies may include fictional machines like those found in the works of <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Other examples of steampunk contain alternative-history-style presentations of such technology as <a href="/wiki/Steam_cannon" title="Steam cannon">steam cannons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lighter-than-air" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighter-than-air">lighter-than-air</a> <a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">airships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Analog_computer" title="Analog computer">analog computers</a>, or such digital <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_computer" title="Mechanical computer">mechanical computers</a> as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Analytical_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Analytical Engine">Analytical Engine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VanderMeer-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grossman-8">[8]</a> Steampunk may also incorporate additional elements from the genres of <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horror_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horror (genre)">horror</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">historical fiction</a>, alternate history, or other branches of <a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">speculative fiction</a>, making it often a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_genre" title="Hybrid genre">hybrid genre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy-9">[9]</a> As a form of speculative fiction, it explores alternative futures or pasts but can also address real-world social issues.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The first known appearance of the term steampunk was in 1987, though it now retroactively refers to many works of fiction created as far back as the 1950s or earlier.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> A popular subgenre is Japanese steampunk, consisting of steampunk-themed <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wired-12">[12]</a> Steampunk also refers to any of the artistic styles, clothing fashions, or <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subcultures</a> that have developed from the aesthetics of steampunk fiction, <a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_literature" title="19th century in literature">Victorian-era fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">art nouveau</a> design, and films from the mid-20th century.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Various modern utilitarian objects have been <a href="/wiki/Modding" title="Modding">modded</a> by individual artisans into a pseudo-Victorian mechanical "steampunk" style, and a number of visual and musical artists have been described as steampunk.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Precursors">Precursors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Precursors">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sortie_de_l%27op%C3%A9ra_en_l%27an_2000-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sortie_de_l%27op%C3%A9ra_en_l%27an_2000-2.jpg/240px-Sortie_de_l%27op%C3%A9ra_en_l%27an_2000-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sortie_de_l%27op%C3%A9ra_en_l%27an_2000-2.jpg/360px-Sortie_de_l%27op%C3%A9ra_en_l%27an_2000-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sortie_de_l%27op%C3%A9ra_en_l%27an_2000-2.jpg/480px-Sortie_de_l%27op%C3%A9ra_en_l%27an_2000-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5589" data-file-height="3607" /></a><figcaption>Print (c. 1902) by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Robida" title="Albert Robida">Albert Robida</a> showing a futuristic view of air travel over Paris in the year 2000 as people leave the opera</figcaption></figure> Steampunk is influenced by and often adopts the style of the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Scientific_romance" title="Scientific romance">scientific romances</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Ellis" title="Edward S. Ellis">Edward S. Ellis</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Steam_Man_of_the_Prairies" title="The Steam Man of the Prairies">The Steam Man of the Prairies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HSW_Steampunk-15">[15]</a> Several more modern works of art and fiction significant to the development of the genre were produced before the genre had a name. <a href="/wiki/Titus_Alone" title="Titus Alone">Titus Alone</a> (1959), by <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Peake" title="Mervyn Peake">Mervyn Peake</a>, is widely regarded by scholars as the first <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novel</a> in the genre proper,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> while others point to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a>'s 1971 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Warlord_of_the_Air" title="The Warlord of the Air">The Warlord of the Air</a>,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bebergal-21">[21]</a> which was heavily influenced by Peake's work. The film <a href="/wiki/Brazil_(1985_film)" title="Brazil (1985 film)">Brazil</a> (1985) was an early cinematic influence, although it can also be considered a precursor to the steampunk offshoot <a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">dieselpunk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Luther_Arkwright" title="The Adventures of Luther Arkwright">The Adventures of Luther Arkwright</a> was an early (1970s) comic version of the <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Moorcock</a>-style mover between <a href="/wiki/Timestream" title="Timestream">timestreams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-La_Ferla-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Braiker-24">[24]</a> In fine art, <a href="/wiki/Remedios_Varo" title="Remedios Varo">Remedios Varo</a>'s paintings combine elements of Victorian dress, fantasy, and <a href="/wiki/Technofantasy" title="Technofantasy">technofantasy</a> imagery.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>, one of the earliest manifestations of the steampunk ethos in the mainstream media was the <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> television series <a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Wild_West" title="The Wild Wild West">The Wild Wild West</a> (1965–69), which inspired the <a href="/wiki/Wild_Wild_West" title="Wild Wild West">later film</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HSW_Steampunk-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grossman-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_of_the_term">Origin of the term</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origin of the term">edit</a>]</div> Although many works now considered seminal to the genre were published in the 1960s and 1970s, the term "steampunk" originated largely in the 1980s<a href="#cite_note-:0-26">[26]</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Tongue-in-cheek" title="Tongue-in-cheek">tongue-in-cheek</a> variant of "<a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a>". It was coined by science fiction author <a href="/wiki/K._W._Jeter" title="K. W. Jeter">K. W. Jeter</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> who was trying to find a general term for works by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Powers" title="Tim Powers">Tim Powers</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Anubis_Gates" title="The Anubis Gates">The Anubis Gates</a>, 1983), <a href="/wiki/James_Blaylock" title="James Blaylock">James Blaylock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Homunculus_(novel)" title="Homunculus (novel)">Homunculus</a>, 1986), and himself (<a href="/wiki/Morlock_Night" title="Morlock Night">Morlock Night</a>, 1979, and <a href="/wiki/Infernal_Devices_(Jeter_novel)" title="Infernal Devices (Jeter novel)">Infernal Devices</a>, 1987) — all of which took place in a 19th-century (usually Victorian) setting and imitated conventions of such actual Victorian speculative fiction as <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Time_Machine" title="The Time Machine">The Time Machine</a>. In a letter to science fiction magazine <a href="/wiki/Locus_(magazine)" title="Locus (magazine)">Locus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-26">[26]</a> printed in the April 1987 issue, Jeter wrote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Dear Locus, Enclosed is a copy of my 1979 novel Morlock Night; I'd appreciate your being so good as to route it to Faren Miller, as it's a prime piece of evidence in the great debate as to who in "the Powers/Blaylock/Jeter fantasy triumvirate" was writing in the "gonzo-historical manner" first. Though of course, I did find her review in the March Locus to be quite flattering. Personally, I think Victorian fantasies are going to be the next big thing, as long as we can come up with a fitting collective term for Powers, Blaylock and myself. Something based on the appropriate technology of the era; like "steam-punks," perhaps....<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>K.W. Jeter<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_steampunk">Modern steampunk</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern steampunk">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (November 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> While Jeter's <a href="/wiki/Morlock_Night" title="Morlock Night">Morlock Night</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infernal_Devices_(K._W._Jeter_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infernal Devices (K. W. Jeter novel)">Infernal Devices</a>, Powers' <a href="/wiki/The_Anubis_Gates" title="The Anubis Gates">The Anubis Gates</a>, and Blaylock's <a href="/wiki/Lord_Kelvin%27s_Machine" title="Lord Kelvin's Machine">Lord Kelvin's Machine</a> were the first novels to which Jeter's <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> would be applied, the three authors gave the term little thought at the time.<a href="#cite_note-VanderMeer-7">[7]</a>: 48  They were far from the first modern science fiction writers to speculate on the development of steam-based technology or alternative histories. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Laumer" title="Keith Laumer">Keith Laumer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Worlds_of_the_Imperium" title="Worlds of the Imperium">Worlds of the Imperium</a> (1962) and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_W._Clark" title="Ronald W. Clark">Ronald W. Clark</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria%27s_Bomb" title="Queen Victoria's Bomb">Queen Victoria's Bomb</a> (1967) apply modern speculation to past-age technology and society.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Warlord_of_the_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Warlord of the Air">Warlord of the Air</a> (1971)<a href="#cite_note-Bebergal-21">[21]</a> is another early example. <a href="/wiki/Harry_Harrison_(writer)" title="Harry Harrison (writer)">Harry Harrison</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/A_Transatlantic_Tunnel,_Hurrah!" class="mw-redirect" title="A Transatlantic Tunnel, Hurrah!">A Transatlantic Tunnel, Hurrah!</a> (1973) portrays Britain in an alternative 1973, full of atomic locomotives, coal-powered flying boats, ornate submarines, and Victorian dialogue. <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Luther_Arkwright" title="The Adventures of Luther Arkwright">The Adventures of Luther Arkwright</a> (mid-1970s) was one of the first steampunk comics.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In February 1980, <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Lupoff" title="Richard A. Lupoff">Richard A. Lupoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Stiles" title="Steve Stiles">Steve Stiles</a> published the first "chapter" of their 10-part <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> The Adventures of Professor Thintwhistle and His Incredible Aether Flyer.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In 2004, one anonymous author described steampunk as "Colonizing the Past so we can dream the future."<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The first use of the word "steampunk" in a title was in <a href="/wiki/Paul_Di_Filippo" title="Paul Di Filippo">Paul Di Filippo</a>'s 1995 Steampunk Trilogy,<a href="#cite_note-Bebergal-21">[21]</a> consisting of three short novels: "Victoria", "Hottentots", and "Walt and Emily", which, respectively, imagine the replacement of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> by a human/newt clone; an invasion of Massachusetts by <a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a> monsters, drawing its title from the historic racial taxonomy <a href="/wiki/Hottentot_(racial_term)" title="Hottentot (racial term)">"hottentot"</a>; and a love affair between <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_steampunk">Japanese steampunk</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Japanese steampunk">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese cyberpunk</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreliable_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unreliable_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Some of this section's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">listed sources</a> may not be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a>. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. (June 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Japanese steampunk consists of steampunk <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> comics and <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> productions from Japan.<a href="#cite_note-Wired-12">[12]</a> Steampunk elements have consistently appeared in mainstream manga since the 1940s, dating back to <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Tezuka" title="Osamu Tezuka">Osamu Tezuka</a>'s epic science-fiction trilogy consisting of <a href="/wiki/Lost_World_(manga)" title="Lost World (manga)">Lost World</a> (1948), <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(manga)" title="Metropolis (manga)">Metropolis</a> (1949) and <a href="/wiki/Fumoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fumoon">Nextworld</a> (1951). The steampunk elements found in manga eventually made their way into mainstream anime productions starting in the 1970s, including television shows such as <a href="/wiki/Leiji_Matsumoto" title="Leiji Matsumoto">Leiji Matsumoto</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Space_Battleship_Yamato" title="Space Battleship Yamato">Space Battleship Yamato</a> (1974) and the 1979 anime adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Riyoko_Ikeda" title="Riyoko Ikeda">Riyoko Ikeda</a>'s manga <a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose of Versailles">Rose of Versailles</a> (1972). Influenced by 19th-century European authors such as Jules Verne, steampunk anime and manga arose from a Japanese fascination with an imaginary fantastical version of old <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial</a> Europe, linked to a phenomenon called <a href="/wiki/Paris_syndrome" title="Paris syndrome">akogare no Pari</a> ("the <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> of our dreams"), comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">West</a>'s fascination with an "exotic" <a href="/wiki/Eastern_world" title="Eastern world">East</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cavallaro-34">[34]</a> The most influential steampunk animator was <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a>, who was creating steampunk anime since the 1970s, starting with the television show <a href="/wiki/Future_Boy_Conan" title="Future Boy Conan">Future Boy Conan</a> (1978).<a href="#cite_note-Cavallaro-34">[34]</a> His manga <a href="/wiki/Nausica%C3%A4_of_the_Valley_of_the_Wind_(manga)" title="Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (manga)">Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind</a> (1982) and its <a href="/wiki/Nausica%C3%A4_of_the_Valley_of_the_Wind_(film)" title="Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (film)">1984 anime film adaptation</a> also contained steampunk elements. Miyazaki's most influential steampunk production was the <a href="/wiki/Studio_Ghibli" title="Studio Ghibli">Studio Ghibli</a> anime film <a href="/wiki/Castle_in_the_Sky" title="Castle in the Sky">Laputa: Castle in the Sky</a> (1986), which became a major milestone in the genre and has been described by The Steampunk Bible as "one of the first modern steampunk classics."<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Archetypal steampunk elements in Laputa include <a href="/wiki/Airships" class="mw-redirect" title="Airships">airships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Air pirates">air pirates</a>, steam-powered <a href="/wiki/Robots" class="mw-redirect" title="Robots">robots</a>, and a view of <a href="/wiki/Steam_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam power">steam power</a> as a limitless but potentially dangerous source of power.<a href="#cite_note-Cavallaro-34">[34]</a> The success of Laputa inspired <a href="/wiki/Hideaki_Anno" title="Hideaki Anno">Hideaki Anno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Studio_Gainax" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio Gainax">Studio Gainax</a> to create their first hit production, <a href="/wiki/Nadia:_The_Secret_of_Blue_Water" title="Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water">Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water</a> (1990), a steampunk anime show which loosely adapts elements from Verne's <a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo" title="Captain Nemo">Captain Nemo</a> making an appearance.<a href="#cite_note-Cavallaro-34">[34]</a> Based on a concept by Miyazaki, Nadia was influential on later steampunk anime such as <a href="/wiki/Katsuhiro_Otomo" title="Katsuhiro Otomo">Katsuhiro Otomo</a>'s anime film <a href="/wiki/Steamboy" title="Steamboy">Steamboy</a> (2004).<a href="#cite_note-Nevins2019-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a>'s animated steampunk film <a href="/wiki/Atlantis:_The_Lost_Empire" title="Atlantis: The Lost Empire">Atlantis: The Lost Empire</a> (2001)<a href="#cite_note-HSW_Steampunk-15">[15]</a> was influenced by anime, particularly Miyazaki's works and possibly Nadia.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Other popular Japanese steampunk works include Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli anime film <a href="/wiki/Howl%27s_Moving_Castle_(film)" title="Howl's Moving Castle (film)">Howl's Moving Castle</a> (2004),<a href="#cite_note-Cavallaro-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s video game and anime franchise <a href="/wiki/Sakura_Wars" title="Sakura Wars">Sakura Wars</a> (1996) which is set in a steampunk version of <a href="/wiki/Meiji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji (era)">Meiji</a>/<a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishō">Taishō</a> era Japan,<a href="#cite_note-Cavallaro-34">[34]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a>'s manga and anime franchise <a href="/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist" title="Fullmetal Alchemist">Fullmetal Alchemist</a> (2001).<a href="#cite_note-Wired-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships_to_retrofuturism,_DIY_craft_and_making">Relationships to retrofuturism, DIY craft and making</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relationships to retrofuturism, DIY craft and making">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanna-jones-photography-yatzer-truth-coffee-shop-cape-town-11_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shanna-jones-photography-yatzer-truth-coffee-shop-cape-town-11_%281%29.jpg/220px-Shanna-jones-photography-yatzer-truth-coffee-shop-cape-town-11_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shanna-jones-photography-yatzer-truth-coffee-shop-cape-town-11_%281%29.jpg/330px-Shanna-jones-photography-yatzer-truth-coffee-shop-cape-town-11_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shanna-jones-photography-yatzer-truth-coffee-shop-cape-town-11_%281%29.jpg/440px-Shanna-jones-photography-yatzer-truth-coffee-shop-cape-town-11_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Truth Coffee, a steampunk café in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town, South Africa</a></figcaption></figure> Steampunk used to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">retrofuturism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Indeed, both sensibilities recall "the older but still modern eras in which technological change seemed to anticipate a better world, one remembered as relatively innocent of industrial decline." For some scholars, retrofuturism is considered a strand of steampunk, one that looks at alternatives to historical imagination and usually created with the same kinds of social protagonists and written for the same type of audiences.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> One of steampunk's most significant contributions is the way in which it mixes <a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">digital media</a> with traditional handmade art forms. As scholars Rachel Bowser and Brian Croxall put it, "the tinkering and tinker-able technologies within steampunk invite us to roll up our sleeves and get to work re-shaping our contemporary world."<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In this respect, steampunk bears much in common with <a href="/wiki/DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY">DIY</a> craft and <a href="/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage">bricolage artmaking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art,_entertainment,_and_media">Art, entertainment, and media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Art, entertainment, and media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_steampunk_works" title="List of steampunk works">List of steampunk works</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-In_popular_culture plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">irrelevant</a> references to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections#"In_popular_culture"_and_"Cultural_references"_material" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">popular culture</a>. Please help Wikipedia to <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit">improve this section</a> by removing the content or adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">independent sources</a>. (March 2017)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_and_design">Art and design</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Art and design">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aura_Krsitall_Instrument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Aura_Krsitall_Instrument.jpg/220px-Aura_Krsitall_Instrument.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Aura_Krsitall_Instrument.jpg/330px-Aura_Krsitall_Instrument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Aura_Krsitall_Instrument.jpg/440px-Aura_Krsitall_Instrument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Aura Crystall Instrument – 1987 – by <a href="/wiki/Marc_van_den_Broek" title="Marc van den Broek">Marc van den Broek</a></figcaption></figure> Many of the visualisations of steampunk have their origins with, among others, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>'s film <a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(1954_film)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954 film)">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a> (1954),<a href="#cite_note-yrb1-43">[43]</a> including the design of the story's submarine the <a href="/wiki/Nautilus_(Verne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nautilus (Verne)">Nautilus</a>, its interiors, and the crew's underwater gear; and <a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a>'s film <a href="/wiki/The_Time_Machine_(1960_film)" title="The Time Machine (1960 film)">The Time Machine</a> (1960), especially the design of the time machine itself. This theme is also carried over to <a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_Magic_Mountain" title="Six Flags Magic Mountain">Six Flags Magic Mountain</a> and Disney parks, in the themed area the "Screampunk District" at <a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_Magic_Mountain" title="Six Flags Magic Mountain">Six Flags Magic Mountain</a> and in the designs of <a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Island_(Tokyo_DisneySea)" title="Mysterious Island (Tokyo DisneySea)">The Mysterious Island</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_DisneySea" title="Tokyo DisneySea">Tokyo DisneySea</a> theme park and <a href="/wiki/Disneyland_Park_(Paris)" title="Disneyland Park (Paris)">Disneyland Paris</a>' <a href="/wiki/Tomorrowland_(Disney_Parks)" title="Tomorrowland (Disney Parks)">Discoveryland</a> area.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Aspects of steampunk design emphasise a balance between <a href="/wiki/Form_follows_function" title="Form follows function">form and function</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hampton1-44">[44]</a> In this, it is like the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts and Crafts Movement">Arts and Crafts Movement</a>. But <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>, and the other reformers in the late nineteenth century rejected machines and industrial production. In contrast, steampunk enthusiasts present a "non-<a href="/wiki/Luddite" title="Luddite">luddite</a> critique of technology". In dutch amusement park <a href="/wiki/Efteling" title="Efteling">De Efteling</a>, there is a dive coaster themed to a steampunk Victorian haunted goldmine called <a href="/wiki/Baron_1898" title="Baron 1898">Baron 1898</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Various modern utilitarian objects have been modified by enthusiasts into a pseudo-Victorian mechanical "steampunk" style.<a href="#cite_note-Braiker-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Examples include <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">computer keyboards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hart1-47">[47]</a> The goal of such redesigns is to employ appropriate materials (such as polished brass, iron, wood, and leather) with design elements and craftsmanship consistent with the Victorian era,<a href="#cite_note-Bebergal-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> rejecting the aesthetic of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hampton1-44">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arts-et-M%C3%A9tiers_11_(Paris_m%C3%A9tro)_quai_Ch%C3%A2telet_par_Cramos.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Arts-et-M%C3%A9tiers_11_%28Paris_m%C3%A9tro%29_quai_Ch%C3%A2telet_par_Cramos.JPG/220px-Arts-et-M%C3%A9tiers_11_%28Paris_m%C3%A9tro%29_quai_Ch%C3%A2telet_par_Cramos.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Arts-et-M%C3%A9tiers_11_%28Paris_m%C3%A9tro%29_quai_Ch%C3%A2telet_par_Cramos.JPG/330px-Arts-et-M%C3%A9tiers_11_%28Paris_m%C3%A9tro%29_quai_Ch%C3%A2telet_par_Cramos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Arts-et-M%C3%A9tiers_11_%28Paris_m%C3%A9tro%29_quai_Ch%C3%A2telet_par_Cramos.JPG/440px-Arts-et-M%C3%A9tiers_11_%28Paris_m%C3%A9tro%29_quai_Ch%C3%A2telet_par_Cramos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Paris metro station "<a href="/wiki/Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts et Métiers (Paris Métro)">Arts et Métiers</a>", designed in 1994 to honor the works of Jules Verne</figcaption></figure> In 1994, the Paris Metro station at <a href="/wiki/Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts et Métiers (Paris Métro)">Arts et Métiers</a> was redesigned by Belgian artist <a href="/wiki/Francois_Schuiten" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois Schuiten">Francois Schuiten</a> in steampunk style, to honor the works of Jules Verne. The station is reminiscent of a submarine, sheathed in brass with giant cogs in the ceiling and <a href="/wiki/Porthole" title="Porthole">portholes</a> that look out onto fanciful scenes.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The artist group Kinetic Steam Works<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> brought a working steam engine to the <a href="/wiki/Burning_Man" title="Burning Man">Burning Man</a> festival in 2006 and 2007.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The group's founding member, Sean Orlando, created a Steampunk Tree House (in association with a group of people who would later form the Five Ton Crane Arts Group<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>) that has been displayed at a number of festivals.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The Steampunk Tree House is now permanently installed at the <a href="/wiki/Dogfish_Head_Brewery" title="Dogfish Head Brewery">Dogfish Head Brewery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milton,_Delaware" title="Milton, Delaware">Milton, Delaware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Neverwas_Haul" title="The Neverwas Haul">The Neverwas Haul</a> is a three-story, self-propelled mobile art vehicle built to resemble a Victorian house on wheels. Designed by Shannon O'Hare, it was built by volunteers in 2006 and presented at the Burning Man festival from 2006 through 2015.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> When fully built, the Haul propelled itself at a top speed of 5 miles per hour and required a crew of ten people to operate safely. Currently, the Neverwas Haul makes her home at Obtainium Works, an "<a href="/wiki/Art_car" title="Art car">art car</a> factory" in <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallejo, CA">Vallejo, CA</a> owned by O'Hare and home to several other self-styled "contraptionists".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In May–June 2008, multimedia artist and sculptor <a href="/wiki/Paul_St_George" title="Paul St George">Paul St George</a> exhibited outdoor interactive video installations linking London and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York, in a Victorian era-styled <a href="/wiki/Telectroscope" title="Telectroscope">telectroscope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Utilizing this device, New York promoter Evelyn Kriete organised a transatlantic wave between steampunk enthusiasts from both cities,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> prior to <a href="/wiki/White_Mischief_(festival)" title="White Mischief (festival)">White Mischief's</a> <a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Around the World in 80 Days">Around the World in 80 Days</a> steampunk-themed event.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clockwork_universe_by_Tim_Wetherell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Clockwork_universe_by_Tim_Wetherell.jpg/170px-Clockwork_universe_by_Tim_Wetherell.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Clockwork_universe_by_Tim_Wetherell.jpg/255px-Clockwork_universe_by_Tim_Wetherell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Clockwork_universe_by_Tim_Wetherell.jpg/340px-Clockwork_universe_by_Tim_Wetherell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2021" data-file-height="3708" /></a><figcaption>Tim Wetherell's clockwork universe sculpture at <a href="/wiki/Questacon" title="Questacon">Questacon</a>, Canberra, Australia (September 24, 2009)</figcaption></figure> In 2009, for <a href="/wiki/Questacon" title="Questacon">Questacon</a>, artist Tim Wetherell created a large wall piece that represented the concept of the <a href="/wiki/Clockwork_universe" title="Clockwork universe">clockwork universe</a>. This steel artwork contains moving gears, a working clock, and a movie of the moon's terminator in action. The 3D moon movie was created by Antony Williams.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Steampunk became a common descriptor for homemade objects sold on the craft network <a href="/wiki/Etsy" title="Etsy">Etsy</a> between 2009 and 2011,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> though many of the objects and fashions bear little resemblance to earlier established descriptions of steampunk. Thus the craft network may not strike observers as "sufficiently steampunk" to warrant its use of the term. Comedian <a href="/wiki/April_Winchell" title="April Winchell">April Winchell</a>, author of the book Regretsy: Where DIY Meets WTF, cataloged some of the most egregious and humorous examples on her website "Regretsy".<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The blog was popular among steampunks and even inspired a music video that went viral in the community and was acclaimed by steampunk "notables".<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> From October 2009 through February 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_History_of_Science,_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the History of Science, Oxford">Museum of the History of Science, Oxford</a>, hosted the first major exhibition of steampunk art objects, curated and developed by New York artist and designer Art Donovan,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> who also exhibited his own "electro-futuristic" lighting sculptures, and presented by Dr. Jim Bennett, museum director.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> From redesigned practical items to fantastical contraptions, this exhibition showcased the work of eighteen steampunk artists from around the globe. The exhibit proved to be the most successful and highly attended in the museum's history and attracted more than eighty thousand visitors. The event was detailed in the official artist's journal The Art of Steampunk, by curator Donovan.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In November 2010, <a href="/wiki/The_Libratory" title="The Libratory">The Libratory</a> Steampunk Art Gallery was opened by Damien McNamara in <a href="/wiki/Oamaru" title="Oamaru">Oamaru, New Zealand</a>. Created from papier-mâché to resemble a large cave and filled with industrial equipment from yesteryear, <a href="/wiki/Raygun" title="Raygun">rayguns</a>, and general steampunk quirks, its purpose is to provide a place for steampunkers in the region to display artwork for sale all year long. A year later, a more permanent gallery, <a href="/wiki/Steampunk_HQ" title="Steampunk HQ">Steampunk HQ</a>, was opened in the former Meeks Grain Elevator Building across the road from The Woolstore, and has since become a notable tourist attraction for Oamaru.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In 2012, the Mobilis in Mobili: An Exhibition of Steampunk Art and Appliance made its debut. Originally located at New York City's Wooster Street Social Club (itself the subject of the television series <a href="/wiki/NY_Ink" title="NY Ink">NY Ink</a>), the exhibit featured working steampunk tattoo systems designed by Bruce Rosenbaum, of ModVic and owner of the Steampunk House,<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Joey "Dr. Grymm" Marsocci,<a href="#cite_note-Hart1-47">[47]</a> and Christopher Conte.<a href="#cite_note-Villager1-74">[74]</a> with different approaches.<a href="#cite_note-yrb1-43">[43]</a> "[B]icycles, cell phones, guitars, timepieces and entertainment systems"<a href="#cite_note-Villager1-74">[74]</a> rounded out the display.<a href="#cite_note-Hart1-47">[47]</a> The opening night exhibition featured a live performance by steampunk band <a href="/wiki/Frenchy_and_the_Punk" title="Frenchy and the Punk">Frenchy and the Punk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nautilus_still,_The_Oxford_Artisan_Distillery_-_DSC03542.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nautilus_still%2C_The_Oxford_Artisan_Distillery_-_DSC03542.jpg/170px-Nautilus_still%2C_The_Oxford_Artisan_Distillery_-_DSC03542.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nautilus_still%2C_The_Oxford_Artisan_Distillery_-_DSC03542.jpg/255px-Nautilus_still%2C_The_Oxford_Artisan_Distillery_-_DSC03542.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nautilus_still%2C_The_Oxford_Artisan_Distillery_-_DSC03542.jpg/340px-Nautilus_still%2C_The_Oxford_Artisan_Distillery_-_DSC03542.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>The Nautilus steampunk-style still at <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Artisan_Distillery" title="The Oxford Artisan Distillery">The Oxford Artisan Distillery</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Still" title="Still">stills</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Artisan_Distillery" title="The Oxford Artisan Distillery">The Oxford Artisan Distillery</a> are nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Nautilus_(fictional_submarine)" title="Nautilus (fictional submarine)">Nautilus</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo" title="Captain Nemo">Nemo</a>", named after the submarine and its captain in the <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a> 1870 science fiction novel <a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a>. They were built in <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> by <a href="/wiki/South_Devon_Railway_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="South Devon Railway Engineering">South Devon Railway Engineering</a> using a steampunk style.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fashion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Steampunk_fashion" title="Steampunk fashion">Steampunk fashion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreliable_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unreliable_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Some of this section's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">listed sources</a> may not be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a>. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. (November 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steampunk-falksen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Steampunk-falksen.jpg/170px-Steampunk-falksen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Steampunk-falksen.jpg/255px-Steampunk-falksen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Steampunk-falksen.jpg/340px-Steampunk-falksen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1733" data-file-height="2600" /></a><figcaption>Author <a href="/wiki/G._D._Falksen" title="G. D. Falksen">G. D. Falksen</a>, wearing a steampunk-styled arm prosthesis (created by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willeford" title="Thomas Willeford">Thomas Willeford</a>), exemplifying one take on steampunk fashion</figcaption></figure> Steampunk fashion has no set guidelines but tends to synthesize modern styles with influences from the Victorian era. Such influences may include <a href="/wiki/Bustle" title="Bustle">bustles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corset" title="Corset">corsets</a>, gowns, and <a href="/wiki/Petticoat" title="Petticoat">petticoats</a>; suits with <a href="/wiki/Waistcoat" title="Waistcoat">waistcoats</a>, coats, <a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top hats</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler hats</a> (themselves originating in 1850 England), <a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">tailcoats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spat_(footwear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spat (footwear)">spats</a>; or military-inspired garments. Steampunk-influenced outfits are usually accented with several technological and "period" accessories: timepieces, <a href="/wiki/Parasol" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasol">parasols</a>, flying/driving goggles,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> and ray guns. Modern accessories like cell phones or music players can be found in steampunk outfits, after being modified to give them the appearance of Victorian-era objects. <a href="/wiki/Post-apocalyptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-apocalyptic">Post-apocalyptic</a> elements, such as gas masks, ragged clothing, and tribal motifs, can also be included. Aspects of steampunk fashion have been anticipated by mainstream high fashion, the <a href="/wiki/Lolita_fashion" title="Lolita fashion">Lolita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aristocrat_(fashion)" title="Aristocrat (fashion)">aristocrat</a> styles, neo-Victorianism, and the <a href="/wiki/Goth_(subculture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goth (subculture)">Romantic Goth subculture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-La_Ferla-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poeter-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rowe-80">[80]</a> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Lambert" title="Kate Lambert">Kate Lambert</a>, known as "Kato", founded the first steampunk clothing company, "Steampunk Couture",<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> mixing Victorian and post-apocalyptic influences. In 2013, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> predicted, based on an analysis of more than a half million public posts on message boards, blogs, social media sites, and news sources, "that 'steampunk,' a subgenre inspired by the clothing, technology and social mores of Victorian society, will be a major trend to bubble up and take hold of the retail industry".<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time-83">[83]</a> Indeed, high fashion lines such as <a href="/wiki/Prada" title="Prada">Prada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana" title="Dolce & Gabbana">Dolce & Gabbana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Versace" title="Versace">Versace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chanel" title="Chanel">Chanel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Dior" title="Christian Dior">Christian Dior</a><a href="#cite_note-Time-83">[83]</a> had already been introducing steampunk styles on the fashion runways. In episode 7 of <a href="/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifetime (TV network)">Lifetime</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Under_the_Gunn" title="Under the Gunn">Under the Gunn</a> <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality series</a>, contestants were challenged to create <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> "steampunk chic" looks.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model" title="America's Next Top Model">America's Next Top Model</a> tackled steampunk fashion in a 2012 episode where models competed in a steampunk-themed photo shoot, posing in front of a steam train while holding a live owl.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazing_Stories_1927_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Amazing_Stories_1927_08.jpg/220px-Amazing_Stories_1927_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Amazing_Stories_1927_08.jpg/330px-Amazing_Stories_1927_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Amazing_Stories_1927_08.jpg/440px-Amazing_Stories_1927_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The August 1927 issue of <a href="/wiki/Amazing_Stories" title="Amazing Stories">Amazing Stories</a> featuring work by <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> </figcaption></figure> In 1988, the first version of the science fiction <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">tabletop role-playing game</a> <a href="/wiki/Space:_1889" title="Space: 1889">Space: 1889</a> was published. The game is set in an <a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">alternative history</a> in which certain now discredited Victorian scientific theories were probable and led to new technologies. Contributing authors included <a href="/wiki/Frank_Chadwick" title="Frank Chadwick">Frank Chadwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loren_Wiseman" title="Loren Wiseman">Loren Wiseman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Rowland_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Rowland (author)">Marcus Rowland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sterling" title="Bruce Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/The_Difference_Engine" title="The Difference Engine">The Difference Engine</a> (1990) is often credited with bringing about widespread awareness of steampunk.<a href="#cite_note-Grossman-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The novel applies the principles of Gibson and Sterling's <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a> writings to an alternative Victorian era where <a href="/wiki/Ada_Lovelace" title="Ada Lovelace">Ada Lovelace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>'s proposed steam-powered mechanical computer, which Babbage called a <a href="/wiki/Difference_engine" title="Difference engine">difference engine</a> (a later, more general-purpose version was known as an <a href="/wiki/Analytical_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Analytical Engine">Analytical Engine</a>), was actually built, and led to the dawn of the <a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a> more than a century "ahead of schedule". This setting was different from most steampunk settings in that it takes a dim and dark view of this future, rather than the more prevalent <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">utopian</a> versions.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Nick_Gevers" title="Nick Gevers">Nick Gevers</a>'s original anthology Extraordinary Engines (2008) features newer steampunk stories by some of the genre's writers, as well as other science fiction and fantasy writers experimenting with neo-Victorian conventions. A retrospective reprint anthology of steampunk fiction was released, also in 2008, by <a href="/wiki/Tachyon_Publications" title="Tachyon Publications">Tachyon Publications</a>. Edited by <a href="/wiki/Ann_VanderMeer" title="Ann VanderMeer">Ann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_VanderMeer" title="Jeff VanderMeer">Jeff VanderMeer</a> and appropriately entitled <a href="/wiki/Steampunk_(anthology)" title="Steampunk (anthology)">Steampunk</a>, it is a collection of stories by <a href="/wiki/James_Blaylock" title="James Blaylock">James Blaylock</a>, whose "Narbondo" trilogy is typically considered steampunk; <a href="/wiki/Jay_Lake" title="Jay Lake">Jay Lake</a>, author of the novel <a href="/wiki/Mainspring_(novel)" title="Mainspring (novel)">Mainspring</a>, sometimes labeled "<a href="/wiki/Clockpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Clockpunk">clockpunk</a>";<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> the aforementioned Michael Moorcock; as well as <a href="/wiki/Jess_Nevins" title="Jess Nevins">Jess Nevins</a>, known for his annotations to <a href="/wiki/The_League_of_Extraordinary_Gentlemen" title="The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen">The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen</a> (first published in 1999).<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Younger readers have also been targeted by steampunk themes, by authors such as <a href="/wiki/Philip_Reeve" title="Philip Reeve">Philip Reeve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Westerfeld" title="Scott Westerfeld">Scott Westerfeld</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Reeve's quartet <a href="/wiki/Mortal_Engines" title="Mortal Engines">Mortal Engines</a> is set far in Earth's future where giant moving cities consume each other in a battle for resources, a concept Reeve coined as Municipal Darwinism. Westerfeld's <a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Westerfeld_novel)" title="Leviathan (Westerfeld novel)">Leviathan</a> trilogy is set during an alternate <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> fought between the "clankers" (<a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>), who use steam technology, and "darwinists" (<a href="/wiki/Allied_powers_of_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied powers of World War I">Allied Powers</a>), who use genetically engineered creatures instead of machines.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> "Mash-ups" are also becoming increasingly popular in books aimed at younger readers, mixing steampunk with other genres. <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Bachmann" title="Stefan Bachmann">Stefan Bachmann</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Peculiar_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Peculiar (novel)">The Peculiar</a> duology was labeled a "steampunk fairytale," and imagines steampunk technology as a means to stave off an incursion of <a href="/wiki/Faeries" class="mw-redirect" title="Faeries">faeries</a> in Victorian England.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Suzanne Lazear's Aether Chronicles series also mixes steampunk with faeries, and The Unnaturalists, by Tiffany Trent, combines steampunk with mythological creatures and alternate history.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Self-described author of "far-fetched fiction" <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rankin" title="Robert Rankin">Robert Rankin</a> has incorporated elements of steampunk into narrative worlds that are both Victorian and re-imagined contemporary. In 2009, he was made a Fellow of the Victorian Steampunk Society.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a> series <a href="/wiki/Hellboy" title="Hellboy">Hellboy</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Mignola" title="Mike Mignola">Mike Mignola</a>, and the two <a href="/wiki/Hellboy" title="Hellboy">Hellboy</a> films featuring <a href="/wiki/Ron_Perlman" title="Ron Perlman">Ron Perlman</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a>, all have steampunk elements.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In the comic book and the <a href="/wiki/Hellboy_(2004_film)" title="Hellboy (2004 film)">first (2004) film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ruprecht_Kroenen" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Ruprecht Kroenen">Karl Ruprecht Kroenen</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Nazi_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi SS">Nazi SS</a> scientist who has an addiction to having himself surgically altered, and who has many mechanical prostheses, including a clockwork heart. The character <a href="/wiki/Johann_Krauss" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Krauss">Johann Krauss</a> is featured in the comic and in the second film, <a href="/wiki/Hellboy_II:_The_Golden_Army" title="Hellboy II: The Golden Army">Hellboy II: The Golden Army</a> (2008), as an <a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">ectoplasmic medium</a> (a gaseous form in a partly mechanical suit). This second film also features the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Army">Golden Army</a> itself, which is a collection of 4,900 mechanical steampunk warriors.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steampunk_settings">Steampunk settings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Steampunk settings">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alternative_world">Alternative world</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Alternative world">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SteampunkProp(byMollyPorkshanksFriedrich).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/SteampunkProp%28byMollyPorkshanksFriedrich%29.jpg/220px-SteampunkProp%28byMollyPorkshanksFriedrich%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/SteampunkProp%28byMollyPorkshanksFriedrich%29.jpg/330px-SteampunkProp%28byMollyPorkshanksFriedrich%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/SteampunkProp%28byMollyPorkshanksFriedrich%29.jpg/440px-SteampunkProp%28byMollyPorkshanksFriedrich%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1138" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Steampunk-style composite apparatus</figcaption></figure> Since the 1990s, the application of the steampunk label has expanded beyond works set in recognisable historical periods, to works set in fantasy worlds that rely heavily on steam- or spring-powered technology.<a href="#cite_note-Grossman-8">[8]</a> One of the earliest short stories relying on steam-powered flying machines is "The Aerial Burglar" of 1844.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> An example from juvenile fiction is <a href="/wiki/The_Edge_Chronicles" title="The Edge Chronicles">The Edge Chronicles</a> by Paul Stewart and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Riddell" title="Chris Riddell">Chris Riddell</a>. Fantasy steampunk settings abound in <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">tabletop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">computer role-playing games</a>. Notable examples include <a href="/wiki/Skies_of_Arcadia" title="Skies of Arcadia">Skies of Arcadia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_Nations:_Rise_of_Legends" title="Rise of Nations: Rise of Legends">Rise of Nations: Rise of Legends</a>,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arcanum:_Of_Steamworks_and_Magick_Obscura" title="Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura">Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HSW_Steampunk-15">[15]</a> One of the first steampunk novels set in a <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>-like world was the <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Boland_Light_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest of Boland Light Railway">Forest of Boland Light Railway</a> by <a href="/wiki/BB_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="BB (author)">BB</a>, about <a href="/wiki/Gnome" title="Gnome">gnomes</a> who build a <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a>. Fifty years later, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a> wrote the <a href="/wiki/Discworld" title="Discworld">Discworld</a> novel <a href="/wiki/Raising_Steam" title="Raising Steam">Raising Steam</a>, about the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Industrial_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial revolution">industrial revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Railway_mania" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway mania">railway mania</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ankh-Morpork" title="Ankh-Morpork">Ankh-Morpork</a>. The gnomes and goblins in <a href="/wiki/World_of_Warcraft" title="World of Warcraft">World of Warcraft</a> also have technological societies that could be described as steampunk,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> as they are vastly ahead of the technologies of <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">men</a>, but still run on steam and mechanical power. The Dwarves of the <a href="/wiki/The_Elder_Scrolls" title="The Elder Scrolls">Elder Scrolls series</a>, described therein as a race of Elves called the <a href="/wiki/Dwemer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwemer">Dwemer</a>, also use steam-powered machinery, with gigantic brass-like gears, throughout their underground cities. However, magical means are used to keep ancient devices in motion despite the Dwemer's ancient disappearance.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The 1998 game <a href="/wiki/Thief:_The_Dark_Project" title="Thief: The Dark Project">Thief: The Dark Project</a>, as well as the other sequels including its <a href="/wiki/Thief_(2014_video_game)" title="Thief (2014 video game)">2014 reboot</a>, feature heavy steampunk-inspired architecture, setting, and technology. Amidst the historical and fantasy subgenres of steampunk is a type that takes place in a hypothetical future or a fantasy equivalent of our future involving the domination of steampunk-style technology and aesthetics. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Jeunet" title="Jean-Pierre Jeunet">Jean-Pierre Jeunet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Caro" title="Marc Caro">Marc Caro</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_City_of_Lost_Children" title="The City of Lost Children">The City of Lost Children</a> (1995), <a href="/wiki/Turn_A_Gundam" title="Turn A Gundam">Turn A Gundam</a> (1999–2000), <a href="/wiki/Trigun" title="Trigun">Trigun</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Neo_Steam-104">[104]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney's</a> film <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Planet" title="Treasure Planet">Treasure Planet</a> (2002). In 2011, musician <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dolby" title="Thomas Dolby">Thomas Dolby</a> heralded his return to music after a 20-year hiatus with an online steampunk alternate fantasy world called the Floating City, to promote his album <a href="/wiki/A_Map_of_the_Floating_City" title="A Map of the Floating City">A Map of the Floating City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HSW_Steampunk-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="American_West">American West</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: American West">edit</a>]</div> Another setting is <a href="/wiki/Steampunk_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Steampunk Western">"Western" steampunk</a>, which overlaps with both the <a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">weird West</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">science fiction Western</a> subgenres. One of the earliest steampunk books set in America was <a href="/wiki/The_Steam_Man_of_the_Prairies" title="The Steam Man of the Prairies">The Steam Man of the Prairies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Ellis" title="Edward S. Ellis">Edward S. Ellis</a>. Recent examples include the TV show <a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Wild_West" title="The Wild Wild West">The Wild Wild West</a> and the movie adaption <a href="/wiki/Wild_Wild_West" title="Wild Wild West">Wild Wild West</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_comics" title="Italian comics">Italian comics</a> about <a href="/wiki/Magico_Vento" title="Magico Vento">Magico Vento</a>,<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Devon_Monk" title="Devon Monk">Devon Monk</a>'s Dead Iron.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fantasy_and_horror">Fantasy and horror</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fantasy and horror">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Cyberpunk derivatives</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Kaja_Foglio" title="Kaja Foglio">Kaja Foglio</a> introduced the term "Gaslight Romance",<a href="#cite_note-VanderMeer-7">[7]</a>: 78  gaslamp fantasy, which <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">John Clute</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Grant_(author)" title="John Grant (author)">John Grant</a> define as "steampunk stories ... most commonly set in a romanticised, smoky, 19th-century London, as are Gaslight Romances. But the latter category focuses nostalgically on icons from the late years of that century and the early years of the 20th century—on <a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">Dracula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jekyll_and_Hyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Jekyll and Hyde">Jekyll and Hyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper" title="Jack the Ripper">Jack the Ripper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Tarzan" title="Tarzan">Tarzan</a>—and can normally be understood as combining supernatural fiction and <a href="/wiki/Recursive_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Recursive fantasy">recursive fantasy</a>, though some gaslight romances can be read as fantasies of history."<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy-9">[9]</a> Author/artist <a href="/wiki/James_Richardson-Brown" title="James Richardson-Brown">James Richardson-Brown</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> coined the term steamgoth to refer to steampunk expressions of fantasy and <a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">horror</a> with a "darker" bent. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-apocalyptic">Post-apocalyptic</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Post-apocalyptic">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Man_(Mary_Shelley_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Last Man (Mary Shelley novel)">The Last Man</a>, set near the end of the 21st century after a plague had brought down civilization, was probably the ancestor of post-apocalyptic steampunk literature. Post-apocalyptic steampunk is set in a world where some cataclysm has precipitated the fall of civilization and steam power is once again ascendant, such as in <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">post-apocalyptic</a> anime <a href="/wiki/Future_Boy_Conan" title="Future Boy Conan">Future Boy Conan</a> (1978, loosely based on <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Key" title="Alexander Key">Alexander Key</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Tide" title="The Incredible Tide">The Incredible Tide</a> (1970)),<a href="#cite_note-Neo_Steam-104">[104]</a> where a war fought with superweapons has devastated the planet. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(musician)" title="Robert Brown (musician)">Robert Brown</a>'s novel, The Wrath of Fate (as well as much of <a href="/wiki/Abney_Park_(band)" title="Abney Park (band)">Abney Park</a>'s music) is set in a Victorianesque world where an apocalypse was set into motion by a time-traveling mishap. <a href="/wiki/Cherie_Priest" title="Cherie Priest">Cherie Priest</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Boneshaker_(novel)" title="Boneshaker (novel)">Boneshaker</a> series is set in a world where a <a href="/wiki/Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">zombie apocalypse</a> happened during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> era. <a href="/wiki/The_Peshawar_Lancers" title="The Peshawar Lancers">The Peshawar Lancers</a> by <a href="/wiki/S.M._Stirling" class="mw-redirect" title="S.M. Stirling">S.M. Stirling</a> is set in a post-apocalyptic future in which a <a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">meteor shower</a> in 1878 caused the collapse of industrialized civilization. The movie <a href="/wiki/9_(2009_animated_film)" title="9 (2009 animated film)">9</a> (which might be better classified as "stitchpunk" but was largely influenced by steampunk)<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> is also set in a post-apocalyptic world after a self-aware war machine ran amok. <a href="/wiki/Steampunk_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Steampunk Magazine">Steampunk Magazine</a> even published a book called A Steampunk's Guide to the Apocalypse, about how steampunks could survive should such a thing actually happen. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Victorian">Victorian</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Victorian">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nautilus_Neuville.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Nautilus_Neuville.JPG/170px-Nautilus_Neuville.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Nautilus_Neuville.JPG/255px-Nautilus_Neuville.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Nautilus_Neuville.JPG/340px-Nautilus_Neuville.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3114" data-file-height="4464" /></a><figcaption>The Nautilus as imagined by Jules Verne</figcaption></figure> In general, this category includes any recent science fiction that takes place in a recognizable historical period (sometimes an <a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">alternate history</a> version of an actual historical period) in which the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> has already begun, but <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a> is not yet widespread, "usually Britain of the early to mid-nineteenth century or the fantasized <a href="/wiki/Wild_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild West">Wild West</a>-era United States",<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> with an emphasis on steam- or spring-propelled gadgets. The most common historical steampunk settings are the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian eras</a>, though some in this "Victorian steampunk"<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> category are set as early as the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> and as late as the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Some examples of this type include the novel <a href="/wiki/The_Difference_Engine" title="The Difference Engine">The Difference Engine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> the comic book series <a href="/wiki/League_of_Extraordinary_Gentlemen" class="mw-redirect" title="League of Extraordinary Gentlemen">League of Extraordinary Gentlemen</a>, the Disney animated film <a href="/wiki/Atlantis:_The_Lost_Empire" title="Atlantis: The Lost Empire">Atlantis: The Lost Empire</a>,<a href="#cite_note-HSW_Steampunk-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Westerfeld" title="Scott Westerfeld">Scott Westerfeld</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Westerfeld_novel)" title="Leviathan (Westerfeld novel)">Leviathan trilogy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roleplaying_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Roleplaying game">roleplaying game</a> <a href="/wiki/Space:_1889" title="Space: 1889">Space: 1889</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HSW_Steampunk-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> film <a href="/wiki/Steamboy" title="Steamboy">Steamboy</a> (2004) is another example of Victorian steampunk, taking place in an alternate 1866 where steam technology is far more advanced than reality.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Some, such as the comic series <a href="/wiki/Girl_Genius" title="Girl Genius">Girl Genius</a>,<a href="#cite_note-HSW_Steampunk-15">[15]</a> have their own unique times and places despite partaking heavily of the flavor of historic settings. Other comic series are set in a more familiar London, as in the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Undead" title="Victorian Undead">Victorian Undead</a>, which has <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Watson">Doctor Watson</a>, and others taking on zombies, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Jekyll_and_Mister_Hyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde">Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula" title="Count Dracula">Count Dracula</a>, with advanced weapons and devices. Another example of this genre is the <a href="/wiki/Tunnels_(novel)" title="Tunnels (novel)">Tunnels</a> novels by <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Gordon" title="Roderick Gordon">Roderick Gordon</a> and Brian Williams. These are set in the modern day, but with an underground Victorian world that is working to overthrow the world above. Detective <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> series <a href="/wiki/Lady_Mechanika" title="Lady Mechanika">Lady Mechanika</a> is set in an alternative Victorian-like world. <a href="/wiki/Karel_Zeman" title="Karel Zeman">Karel Zeman</a>'s film <a href="/wiki/The_Fabulous_World_of_Jules_Verne" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fabulous World of Jules Verne">The Fabulous World of Jules Verne</a> (1958) is a very early example of cinematic steampunk. Based on <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a> novels, Zeman's film imagines a past that never was, based on those novels.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Other early examples of historical steampunk in cinema include <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> films such as <a href="/wiki/Laputa:_Castle_in_the_Sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Laputa: Castle in the Sky">Laputa: Castle in the Sky</a> (1986) and <a href="/wiki/Howl%27s_Moving_Castle_(film)" title="Howl's Moving Castle (film)">Howl's Moving Castle</a> (2004), which contain many archetypal anachronisms characteristic of the steampunk genre.<a href="#cite_note-matronline-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> "Historical" steampunk usually leans more towards science fiction than fantasy, but a number of historical steampunk stories have incorporated magical elements as well. For example, Morlock Night, written by <a href="/wiki/K._W._Jeter" title="K. W. Jeter">K. W. Jeter</a>, revolves around an attempt by the wizard <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a> to raise <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> to save the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a> of 1892 from an invasion of <a href="/wiki/Morlock" title="Morlock">Morlocks</a> from the future.<a href="#cite_note-Grossman-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Guinan" title="Paul Guinan">Paul Guinan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(robot)" title="Boilerplate (robot)">Boilerplate</a>, a "biography" of a robot in the late 19th century, began as a website that garnered international press coverage when people began believing that <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Photoshop</a> images of the robot with historic personages were real.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The site was adapted into the illustrated hardbound book Boilerplate: History's Mechanical Marvel, which was published by <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Books" title="Abrams Books">Abrams</a> in October 2009.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Because the story was not set in an alternative history, and in fact contained accurate information about the Victorian era,<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> some[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">specify</a>] booksellers referred to the tome as "historical steampunk". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: East Asia">edit</a>]</div> Fictional settings inspired by East Asian rather than Western history, especially those inspired by <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">Chinese history</a>, have been called "silkpunk". The term originated with the author <a href="/wiki/Ken_Liu" title="Ken Liu">Ken Liu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> who defined it as "a blend of science fiction and fantasy [that] draws inspiration from classical <a href="/wiki/East_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian">East Asian</a> antiquity", with a "technology vocabulary (...) based on organic materials historically important to East Asia (bamboo, paper, silk) and seafaring cultures of the Pacific (coconut, feathers, coral)", rather than the brass and leather associated with steampunk. Liu used the term to describe his Dandelion Dynasty series, which began in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Other works described as silkpunk include <a href="/wiki/Neon_Yang" title="Neon Yang">Neon Yang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tensorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensorate">Tensorate</a> series of novellas, which began in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Lyndsie Manusos of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_Riot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book Riot (page does not exist)">Book Riot</a> has argued that the genre does "not fit in a direct analogy with steampunk. Silkpunk is technology and poetics. It is engineering and language."<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Brown_and_Finn_Von_Claret_of_Abney_Park_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Robert_Brown_and_Finn_Von_Claret_of_Abney_Park_2008.jpg/220px-Robert_Brown_and_Finn_Von_Claret_of_Abney_Park_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Robert_Brown_and_Finn_Von_Claret_of_Abney_Park_2008.jpg/330px-Robert_Brown_and_Finn_Von_Claret_of_Abney_Park_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Robert_Brown_and_Finn_Von_Claret_of_Abney_Park_2008.jpg/440px-Robert_Brown_and_Finn_Von_Claret_of_Abney_Park_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Robert Brown and Finn Von Claret from Abney Park</figcaption></figure> Steampunk music is very broadly defined. <a href="/wiki/Abney_Park_(band)" title="Abney Park (band)">Abney Park</a>'s lead singer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(musician)" title="Robert Brown (musician)">Robert Brown</a> defined it as "mixing Victorian elements and modern elements". There is a broad range of musical influences that make up the steampunk sound, from <a href="/wiki/Industrial_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial dance">industrial dance</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a><a href="#cite_note-Rowe-80">[80]</a> to <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dark_cabaret" title="Dark cabaret">dark cabaret</a> to straightforward <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a>,<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> to <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a> to opera (and even <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Steel" title="Doctor Steel">industrial hip-hop opera</a>),<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Darkwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Darkwave">darkwave</a> to <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbershop_Quartet" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbershop Quartet">barbershop</a> to <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a>. Joshua Pfeiffer (of <a href="/wiki/Vernian_Process" title="Vernian Process">Vernian Process</a>) is quoted as saying, "As for <a href="/wiki/Paul_Roland" title="Paul Roland">Paul Roland</a>, if anyone deserves credit for spearheading Steampunk music, it is him. He was one of the inspirations I had in starting my project. He was writing songs about the first attempt at manned flight, and an Edwardian airship raid in the mid-80s long before almost anyone else ..."<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dolby" title="Thomas Dolby">Thomas Dolby</a> is also considered one of the early pioneers of retro-futurist (i.e., Steampunk and Dieselpunk) music.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Steamstock-130">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Palmer" title="Amanda Palmer">Amanda Palmer</a> was once quoted as saying, "Thomas Dolby is to Steampunk what <a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a> was to <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk</a>!"<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Steampunk has also appeared in the work of musicians who do not specifically identify as steampunk. For example, the music video of <a href="/wiki/Turn_Me_On_(David_Guetta_song)" title="Turn Me On (David Guetta song)">"Turn Me On"</a>, by <a href="/wiki/David_Guetta" title="David Guetta">David Guetta</a> and featuring <a href="/wiki/Nicki_Minaj" title="Nicki Minaj">Nicki Minaj</a>, takes place in a steampunk universe where Guetta creates human androids. Another music video is "<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Mona_Lisa" title="The Ballad of Mona Lisa">The Ballad of Mona Lisa</a>", by <a href="/wiki/Panic!_at_the_Disco" title="Panic! at the Disco">Panic! at the Disco</a>, which has a distinct Victorian steampunk theme. A continuation of this theme has been used throughout the 2011 album <a href="/wiki/Vices_And_Virtues" class="mw-redirect" title="Vices And Virtues">Vices & Virtues</a>, in the music videos, album art, and tour set and costumes. In addition, the album <a href="/wiki/Clockwork_Angels" title="Clockwork Angels">Clockwork Angels</a> (2012) and its supporting <a href="/wiki/Clockwork_Angels_Tour" title="Clockwork Angels Tour">tour</a> by progressive rock band <a href="/wiki/Rush_(band)" title="Rush (band)">Rush</a> contain lyrics, themes, and imagery based around steampunk. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Abney_Park_(band)" title="Abney Park (band)">Abney Park</a> headlined the first "Steamstock" outdoor steampunk music festival in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond, California</a>, which also featured <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dolby" title="Thomas Dolby">Thomas Dolby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frenchy_and_the_Punk" title="Frenchy and the Punk">Frenchy and the Punk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Presson_and_the_Nails" title="Lee Presson and the Nails">Lee Presson and the Nails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernian_Process" title="Vernian Process">Vernian Process</a>, and others.<a href="#cite_note-Steamstock-130">[130]</a> The music video for the <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Stirling" title="Lindsey Stirling">Lindsey Stirling</a> song "Roundtable Rival", has a Western steampunk setting. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_and_films">Television and films</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Television and films">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Steampunk" title="Special:EditPage/Steampunk">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2016) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20,000_Leagues_ride_Disney_World.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/20%2C000_Leagues_ride_Disney_World.jpg/220px-20%2C000_Leagues_ride_Disney_World.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/20%2C000_Leagues_ride_Disney_World.jpg/330px-20%2C000_Leagues_ride_Disney_World.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/20%2C000_Leagues_ride_Disney_World.jpg/440px-20%2C000_Leagues_ride_Disney_World.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="782" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea:_Submarine_Voyage" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea: Submarine Voyage">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea: Submarine Voyage</a>" ride at <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World" title="Walt Disney World">Walt Disney World</a> (1971–1994). This ride is based on the 1954 film <a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(1954_film)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954 film)">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arliss_Loveless.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arliss_Loveless.jpg/170px-Arliss_Loveless.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arliss_Loveless.jpg/255px-Arliss_Loveless.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arliss_Loveless.jpg/340px-Arliss_Loveless.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A fan <a href="/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">cosplaying</a> as the Arliss Loveless character in steampunk wheelchair costume from the 1999 film <a href="/wiki/Wild_Wild_West" title="Wild Wild West">Wild Wild West</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/The_Fabulous_World_of_Jules_Verne" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fabulous World of Jules Verne">The Fabulous World of Jules Verne</a> (1958) and <a href="/wiki/The_Fabulous_Baron_Munchausen" title="The Fabulous Baron Munchausen">The Fabulous Baron Munchausen</a> (1962), both directed by <a href="/wiki/Karel_Zeman" title="Karel Zeman">Karel Zeman</a>, have steampunk elements. The 1965 television series <a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Wild_West" title="The Wild Wild West">The Wild Wild West</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Wild,_Wild_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild, Wild West">1999 film of the same name</a>, features many elements of advanced steam-powered technology set in the <a href="/wiki/Wild_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild West">Wild West</a> time period of the United States. <a href="/wiki/Two_Years%27_Vacation_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Years' Vacation (film)">Two Years' Vacation</a> (or <a href="/wiki/The_Stolen_Airship" title="The Stolen Airship">The Stolen Airship</a>) (1967) directed by <a href="/wiki/Karel_Zeman" title="Karel Zeman">Karel Zeman</a> contains steampunk elements. The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> series <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a> also incorporates steampunk elements. Several storylines can be classed as steampunk, most notably The Evil of the Daleks (1966), wherein Victorian scientists invent a time travel device using mirrors and <a href="/wiki/Static_electricity" title="Static electricity">static electricity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> During season 14 of the show (in 1976), the formerly futuristic looking interior set was replaced with a <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a>-styled wood-panel and brass affair.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In the 1996 American co-production, the <a href="/wiki/TARDIS" title="TARDIS">TARDIS</a> interior was re-designed to resemble an almost Victorian library with the central control console made up of an eclectic array of anachronistic objects. Modified and streamlined for the 2005 revival of the series, the TARDIS console continued to incorporate steampunk elements, including a Victorian typewriter and <a href="/wiki/Gramophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone">gramophone</a>, for many years. <a href="/wiki/Dinner_for_Adele" title="Dinner for Adele">Dinner for Adele</a> (1977) directed by <a href="/wiki/Old%C5%99ich_Lipsk%C3%BD" title="Oldřich Lipský">Oldřich Lipský</a> involves steampunk contraptions. The 1979 film <a href="/wiki/Time_After_Time_(1979_film)" title="Time After Time (1979 film)">Time After Time</a> has <a href="/wiki/Herbert_George_Wells" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert George Wells">Herbert George "H.G." Wells</a> following a surgeon named John Leslie Stevenson into the future, as John is suspected of being <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper" title="Jack the Ripper">Jack the Ripper</a>. Both separately use Wells's time machine to travel. <a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Castle_in_the_Carpathians" title="The Mysterious Castle in the Carpathians">The Mysterious Castle in the Carpathians</a>, (1981) directed by <a href="/wiki/Old%C5%99ich_Lipsk%C3%BD" title="Oldřich Lipský">Oldřich Lipský</a>, contains steampunk elements.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The 1982 American TV series <a href="/wiki/Q.E.D._(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Q.E.D. (U.S. TV series)">Q.E.D.</a> is set in <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwardian period">Edwardian</a> England, stars <a href="/wiki/Sam_Waterston" title="Sam Waterston">Sam Waterston</a> as Professor Quentin Everett Deverill (from whose initials, by which he is primarily known, the series title is derived, initials which also stand for the Latin phrase <a href="/wiki/Quod_erat_demonstrandum" class="mw-redirect" title="Quod erat demonstrandum">quod erat demonstrandum</a>, which translates as "which was to be demonstrated"). The Professor is an inventor and scientific detective, in the mold of <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a>. The plot of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> film <a href="/wiki/Kin-dza-dza!" title="Kin-dza-dza!">Kin-dza-dza!</a> (1986) centers on a <a href="/wiki/Desert_planet" title="Desert planet">desert planet</a>, depleted of its resources, where an impoverished dog-eat-dog society uses steampunk machines, the movements and functions of which defy Earthly logic. In making his 1986 Japanese film <a href="/wiki/Castle_in_the_Sky" title="Castle in the Sky">Castle in the Sky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> was heavily influenced by steampunk culture, the film featuring various airships and steampowered contraptions as well as a mysterious island that floats through the sky, accomplished not through magic as in most stories, but instead by harnessing the physical properties of a rare crystal—analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Lodestone" title="Lodestone">lodestone</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/Gulliver%27s_Travels#Part_III:_A_Voyage_to_Laputa,_Balnibarbi,_Luggnagg,_Glubbdubdrib_and_Japan" title="Gulliver's Travels">Laputa</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Swift's</a> <a href="/wiki/Gulliver%27s_Travels" title="Gulliver's Travels">Gulliver's Travels</a>—augmented by massive propellers, as befitting the Victorian motif.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The first "Wallace & Gromit" animation <a href="/wiki/A_Grand_Day_Out" title="A Grand Day Out">A Grand Day Out</a> (1989) features a space rocket in the steampunk style.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The second half of <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">Back to the Future III</a> (1990) gradually evolves into steampunk. <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Brisco_County,_Jr." title="The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.">The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.</a>, a 1993 <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox Network</a> TV science fiction-Western set in the 1890s, features elements of steampunk as represented by the character Professor Wickwire, whose inventions were described as "the coming thing".<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The short-lived 1995 TV show <a href="/wiki/Legend_(TV_series)" title="Legend (TV series)">Legend</a>, on <a href="/wiki/UPN" title="UPN">UPN</a>, set in 1876 Arizona, features such classic inventions as a steam-driven "quadrovelocipede", <a href="/wiki/Night-vision_device#Other_technologies" title="Night-vision device">trigoggle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Night-vision_goggles" class="mw-redirect" title="Night-vision goggles">night-vision goggles</a> (à la teslapunk), and stars <a href="/wiki/John_de_Lancie" title="John de Lancie">John de Lancie</a> as a thinly disguised <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Neill_(comics)" title="Kevin O'Neill (comics)">Kevin O'Neill's</a> 1999 <a href="/wiki/The_League_of_Extraordinary_Gentlemen" title="The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen">The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen</a> <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> series (and the subsequent 2003 <a href="/wiki/The_League_of_Extraordinary_Gentlemen_(film)" title="The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film)">film adaption</a>) greatly popularised the steampunk genre.<a href="#cite_note-Poeter-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steamboy" title="Steamboy">Steamboy</a> (2004) is a Japanese animated action film directed and co-written by <a href="/wiki/Katsuhiro_Otomo" title="Katsuhiro Otomo">Katsuhiro Otomo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Akira_(1988_film)" title="Akira (1988 film)">Akira</a>). It is a retro science-fiction epic set in a steampunk Victorian England. It features steamboats, trains, airships and inventors. The 2004 film <a href="/wiki/Lemony_Snicket%27s_A_Series_of_Unfortunate_Events" title="Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events">Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events</a> contains steampunk-esque elements such as costumes and vehicle interiors. The 2007 <a href="/wiki/Syfy" title="Syfy">Syfy</a> miniseries <a href="/wiki/Tin_Man_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin Man (TV miniseries)">Tin Man</a> incorporates a considerable number of steampunk-inspired themes into a reimagining of <a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a>. Despite leaning more towards <a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic</a> influences, the "parallel reality" of Meanwhile, City, within the 2009 film <a href="/wiki/Franklyn" title="Franklyn">Franklyn</a> contains many steampunk themes, such as costumery, architecture, minimal use of electricity (with a preference for gaslight), and absence of modern technology (such as there being no motorised vehicles or advanced weaponry, and the manual management of information without computers). The 2009–2014 <a href="/wiki/Syfy" title="Syfy">Syfy</a> television series <a href="/wiki/Warehouse_13" title="Warehouse 13">Warehouse 13</a> features many steampunk-inspired objects and artifacts, including computer designs created by steampunk artisan Richard Nagy, a.k.a. "Datamancer".<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The 2010 episode of the TV series <a href="/wiki/Castle_(TV_series)" title="Castle (TV series)">Castle</a> entitled "Punked" (first aired October 11, 2010) prominently features the steampunk subculture and uses <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>-area steampunks (such as the <a href="/wiki/League_of_STEAM" title="League of STEAM">League of STEAM</a>) as extras. The 2011 film <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(2011_film)" title="The Three Musketeers (2011 film)">The Three Musketeers</a> has many steampunk elements, including gadgets and airships. <a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Korra" title="The Legend of Korra">The Legend of Korra</a>, a 2012–2014 <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon" title="Nickelodeon">Nickelodeon</a> animated series, incorporates steampunk elements in an industrialized world with East Asian themes. The <a href="/wiki/Penny_Dreadful_(TV_series)" title="Penny Dreadful (TV series)">Penny Dreadful</a> (2014) television series is a Gothic Victorian fantasy series with steampunk props and costumes. The 2013–2014 <a href="/wiki/ABC3" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC3">ABC3</a> game show <a href="/wiki/Steam_Punks!" title="Steam Punks!">Steam Punks!</a>, sees <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verhoeven_(broadcaster)" title="Paul Verhoeven (broadcaster)">Paul Verhoeven</a> playing The Inquisitor, who helps teams complete multiple challenges who have become trapped in a bizarre world controlled by an evil genius named The Machine.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The 2015 <a href="/wiki/Game_Show_Network" title="Game Show Network">GSN</a> <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality television</a> <a href="/wiki/Game_show" title="Game show">game show</a> <a href="/wiki/Steampunk%27d" title="Steampunk'd">Steampunk'd</a> features a competition to create steampunk-inspired art and designs which are judged by notable steampunks <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willeford" title="Thomas Willeford">Thomas Willeford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Lambert" title="Kate Lambert">Kato</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Yang_King" title="Matthew Yang King">Matthew Yang King</a> (as Matt King).<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Based on the work of cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tardi" title="Jacques Tardi">Jacques Tardi</a>, <a href="/wiki/April_and_the_Extraordinary_World" title="April and the Extraordinary World">April and the Extraordinary World</a> (2015) is an animated movie set in a steampunk Paris. It features airships, trains, submarines, and various other steam-powered contraptions. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a>'s 2016 film <a href="/wiki/Alice_Through_the_Looking_Glass_(2016_film)" title="Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)">Alice Through the Looking Glass</a> features steampunk costumes, props, and vehicles. Japanese anime <a href="/wiki/Kabaneri_of_the_Iron_Fortress" title="Kabaneri of the Iron Fortress">Kabaneri of the Iron Fortress</a> (2016) features a steampunk <a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">zombie</a> apocalypse. The American <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> <a href="/wiki/Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">animated sitcom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disenchantment_(TV_series)" title="Disenchantment (TV series)">Disenchantment</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a> for <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, features a steampunk country named Steamland, led by an odd industrialist named Alva Gunderson voiced by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ayoade" title="Richard Ayoade">Richard Ayoade</a>, first appears in the season 1 episode, "The Electric Princess."<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[a]</a> The country is portrayed as driven by <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a> and is <a href="/wiki/Egalitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Egalitarian">egalitarian</a>, governed by science, rather than magic, as is the case for Dreamland, where the protagonist, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Bean" title="Princess Bean">Princess Bean</a>, is from.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> The country has cars, automatic lights, submarines, and other modern technologies, all of which are steam-powered, and references to Groening's other series, <a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> Steamland appears in three episodes of the show's second season,<a href="#cite_note-146">[b]</a> showing an explorers club as part of the country's <a href="/wiki/High_society_(social_class)" class="mw-redirect" title="High society (social class)">high society</a>, flying <a href="/wiki/Zeppelins" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeppelins">zeppelins</a>, and robots with light bulbs for heads that chase the protagonists through the streets.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> Some even argued that Steamland is "<a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">dieselpunk</a>-inspired."<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> The 2023 film <a href="/wiki/Poor_Things_(film)" title="Poor Things (film)">Poor Things</a> has been noted for its "steampunk-infused" production design.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Video games">edit</a>]</div> A variety of styles of video games<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> have used steampunk settings. <a href="/wiki/Steel_Empire" title="Steel Empire">Steel Empire</a> (1992), a <a href="/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">shoot 'em up</a> game originally released as Koutetsu Teikoku on the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Mega_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Sega Mega Drive">Sega Mega Drive</a> console in Japan, is considered to be the first steampunk video game. Designed by Yoshinori Satake and inspired by <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a>'s anime film <a href="/wiki/Laputa:_Castle_in_the_Sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Laputa: Castle in the Sky">Laputa: Castle in the Sky</a> (1986), Steel Empire is set in an alternate timeline dominated by steam-powered technology. The commercial success of Steel Empire, both in Japan and the West, helped propel steampunk into the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">video game market</a>, and had a significant influence on later steampunk games. The most notable steampunk game it influenced is <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VI" title="Final Fantasy VI">Final Fantasy VI</a> (1994), a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_role-playing_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese role-playing game">Japanese role-playing game</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Squaresoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Squaresoft">Squaresoft</a> and designed by <a href="/wiki/Hiroyuki_Ito" title="Hiroyuki Ito">Hiroyuki Ito</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a>. Final Fantasy VI was both critically and commercially successful, and had a considerable influence on later steampunk video games.<a href="#cite_note-Nevins2019-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Chaos_Engine" title="The Chaos Engine">The Chaos Engine</a> (1993) is a <a href="/wiki/Run_and_gun_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Run and gun (video game)">run and gun</a> video game inspired by the Gibson/Sterling novel <a href="/wiki/The_Difference_Engine" title="The Difference Engine">The Difference Engine</a> (1990), set in a Victorian steampunk age. Developed by <a href="/wiki/The_Bitmap_Brothers" title="The Bitmap Brothers">the Bitmap Brothers</a>, it was first released on the <a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a> in 1993; a sequel was released in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Graphic_adventure_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic adventure game">graphic adventure</a> <a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">puzzle video games</a> <a href="/wiki/Myst" title="Myst">Myst</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Riven" title="Riven">Riven</a> (1997), <a href="/wiki/Myst_III:_Exile" title="Myst III: Exile">Myst III: Exile</a> (2001), and <a href="/wiki/Myst_IV:_Revelation" title="Myst IV: Revelation">Myst IV: Revelation</a> (all produced by or under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Cyan_Worlds" title="Cyan Worlds">Cyan Worlds</a>) take place in an alternate steampunk universe, where elaborate infrastructures have been built to run on steam power. <a href="/wiki/The_Elder_Scrolls" title="The Elder Scrolls">The Elder Scrolls</a> (since 1994, last release in 2014) is an <a href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">action role-playing game</a> where one can find an ancient extinct race called dwemers or dwarves, whose steampunk technology is based on steam-powered levers and gears made of copper-bronze material, which are maintained by magical techniques that have kept them in working order over the centuries. <a href="/wiki/Sakura_Wars" title="Sakura Wars">Sakura Wars</a> (1996), a <a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">visual novel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tactical_role-playing_game" title="Tactical role-playing game">tactical role-playing game</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Saturn</a> console, is set in a steampunk version of Japan during the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji (era)">Meiji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishō">Taishō</a> periods, and features steam-powered <a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">mecha</a> robots.<a href="#cite_note-Wired-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thief:_The_Dark_Project" title="Thief: The Dark Project">Thief: The Dark Project</a> (1998), its sequels, <a href="/wiki/Thief_II" title="Thief II">Thief II</a> (2000), <a href="/wiki/Thief:_Deadly_Shadows" title="Thief: Deadly Shadows">Thief: Deadly Shadows</a> (2004) and its reboot <a href="/wiki/Thief_(2014_video_game)" title="Thief (2014 video game)">Thief</a> (2014) are set in a steampunk metropolis. The 2001 <a href="/wiki/Computer_role-playing_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer role-playing game">computer role-playing game</a> <a href="/wiki/Arcanum:_Of_Steamworks_and_Magick_Obscura" title="Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura">Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura</a> mixed <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> tropes with steampunk. The <a href="/wiki/Professor_Layton" title="Professor Layton">Professor Layton</a> series of games (2007 debut) has several entries showcasing steampunk machinery and vehicles. Notably <a href="/wiki/Professor_Layton_and_the_Unwound_Future" title="Professor Layton and the Unwound Future">Professor Layton and the Unwound Future</a> features a quasi-steampunk future setting. <a href="/wiki/Solatorobo" class="mw-redirect" title="Solatorobo">Solatorobo</a> (2010) is a role-playing video game developed by <a href="/wiki/CyberConnect2" title="CyberConnect2">CyberConnect2</a> set in a floating island <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> populated by anthropomorphic cats and dogs, who pilot steampunk airships and engage in combat with robots. <a href="/wiki/Resonance_of_Fate" title="Resonance of Fate">Resonance of Fate</a> (2010) is a role-playing video game developed by <a href="/wiki/Tri-Ace" title="Tri-Ace">tri-Ace</a> and published by Sega for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>. It is set in a steampunk environment with combat involving guns. <a href="/wiki/Impossible_Creatures" title="Impossible Creatures">Impossible Creatures</a> (2003) <a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">real-time strategy</a> game inspired by the works of <a href="/wiki/H._G._Welles" class="mw-redirect" title="H. G. Welles">H. G. Welles</a>, especially "<a href="/wiki/The_Island_of_Doctor_Moreau" title="The Island of Doctor Moreau">The Island of Doctor Moreau</a>". Developed by <a href="/wiki/Relic_Entertainment" title="Relic Entertainment">Relic Entertainment</a>, it sees an adventurer building an army of genetically spliced animals to battle against a mad scientist who has abducted his father. The player's headquarters is a steam-powered "Hovertrain" <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotive</a>, which functions as both a science lab and mobile command center. Coal is a key resource in the game, and must be burned to provide power to the players many base buildings. The <a href="/wiki/SteamWorld" title="SteamWorld">SteamWorld</a> series of games (2010 debut) has the player controlling steam-powered robots. <a href="/wiki/Minecraft" title="Minecraft">Minecraft</a> (2011) has a steampunk-themed <a href="/wiki/Texture_pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Texture pack">texture pack</a>. <a href="/wiki/Terraria" title="Terraria">Terraria</a> (2011) is a video game developed by <a href="/wiki/Re-Logic" title="Re-Logic">Re-Logic</a>. It is a 2D <a href="/wiki/Open_world" title="Open world">open world</a> <a href="/wiki/Platform_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform game">platform game</a> in which the player controls a single character in a generated world. It has a Steampunker <a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">non-player character</a> in the game who sells items referencing Steampunk. <a href="/wiki/LittleBigPlanet_2" title="LittleBigPlanet 2">LittleBigPlanet 2</a> (2011) has the world Victoria's Laboratory, run by Victoria von Bathysphere, which mixes steampunk themes with confections. <a href="/wiki/Guns_of_Icarus_Online" title="Guns of Icarus Online">Guns of Icarus Online</a> (2012) is multiplayer game with steampunk themes. <a href="/wiki/Dishonored_(series)" title="Dishonored (series)">Dishonored</a> is a series (2012 debut) of <a href="/wiki/Stealth_game" title="Stealth game">stealth</a> games with role-playing elements developed by <a href="/wiki/Arkane_Studios" title="Arkane Studios">Arkane Studios</a> and widely considered to be a spiritual successor of the original Thief trilogy. Set in the Empire of the Isles, a steampunk Victorian metropolis where technology and supernatural magic coexist. Steam-powered robots and mechanical combat suits are present as enemies, as well as the presence of magic. The major locations in the Isles include Dunwall, the Empire's <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> which uses the burning of <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">whale oil</a> as the city's main fuel source,<a href="#cite_note-whalepunk-153">[151]</a> and Karnaca, which is powered by wind turbines fed by currents generated by a cleft mountain along the city's borders.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/BioShock_Infinite" title="BioShock Infinite">BioShock Infinite</a> (2013) is a <a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">first-person shooter</a> game set in 1912, in a fictional city called Columbia, which uses technology to float in the sky and has many historical and religious scenes.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Code:_Realize_%E2%88%92_Guardian_of_Rebirth" class="mw-redirect" title="Code: Realize − Guardian of Rebirth">Code: Realize − Guardian of Rebirth</a> (2014), a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Otome" class="mw-redirect" title="Otome">otome</a> game for the <a href="/wiki/PS_Vita" class="mw-redirect" title="PS Vita">PS Vita</a> is set in a steampunk Victorian London, and features a cast with several historical figures with steampunk aesthetics. <a href="/wiki/Code_Name_S.T.E.A.M." class="mw-redirect" title="Code Name S.T.E.A.M.">Code Name S.T.E.A.M.</a> (2015), a Japanese tactical RPG game for the <a href="/wiki/3DS" class="mw-redirect" title="3DS">3DS</a> set in a steampunk fantasy version of London where you are a conscript in the strike force S.T.E.A.M. (short for Strike Team Eliminating the Alien Menace). <a href="/wiki/They_Are_Billions" title="They Are Billions">They Are Billions</a> (2017), is a steampunk strategy game in a post-apocalyptic setting. Players build a colony and attempt to ward off waves of zombies. <a href="/wiki/Frostpunk" title="Frostpunk">Frostpunk</a> (2018) is a city-building game set in 1888, but where the Earth is in the midst of a great <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice Age</a>. Players must construct a city around a large steampunk heat generator with many steampunk aesthetics and mechanics, such as a "Steam Core." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_community">Culture and community</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture and community">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steampunk_magazine_Issue3.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/Steampunk_magazine_Issue3.gif/170px-Steampunk_magazine_Issue3.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/02/Steampunk_magazine_Issue3.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption>Cover of Steampunk Magazine</figcaption></figure> Because of the popularity of steampunk, there is a growing movement of adults that want to establish steampunk as a culture and lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> Some fans of the genre adopt a steampunk aesthetic through fashion,<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> home decor, music, and film. While Steampunk is considered the amalgamation of Victorian aesthetic principles with modern sensibilities and technologies,<a href="#cite_note-La_Ferla-23">[23]</a> it can be more broadly categorised as <a href="/wiki/Neo-Victorian" title="Neo-Victorian">neo-Victorianism</a>, described by scholar Marie-Luise Kohlke as "the afterlife of the nineteenth century in the cultural imaginary".<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> The subculture has its own magazine, blogs, and online shops.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> In September 2012, a panel, chaired by steampunk entertainer <a href="/wiki/Veronique_Chevalier" title="Veronique Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</a> and with panelists including magician <a href="/wiki/Pop_Hadyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop Hadyn">Pop Hadyn</a> and members of the steampunk performance group the <a href="/wiki/League_of_STEAM" title="League of STEAM">League of STEAM</a>, was held at <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Comikaze_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Comikaze Expo">Comikaze Expo</a>. The panel suggested that because steampunk was inclusive of and incorporated ideas from various other subcultures such as goth, neo-Victorian, and cyberpunk, as well as a growing number of <a href="/wiki/Fandom" title="Fandom">fandoms</a>, it was fast becoming a <a href="/wiki/Super-culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Super-culture">super-culture</a> rather than a mere subculture.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> Other steampunk notables such as <a href="/wiki/Professor_Elemental" title="Professor Elemental">Professor Elemental</a> have expressed similar views about steampunk's inclusive diversity.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> Some have proposed a steampunk philosophy that incorporates punk-inspired anti-establishment sentiments typically bolstered by optimism about human potential.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> A 2004 "Steampunk Manifesto," later republished in <a href="/wiki/SteamPunk_Magazine" title="SteamPunk Magazine">SteamPunk Magazine</a>, lamented that most "so-called" steampunk was nothing more than dressed-up recreationary <a href="/wiki/Nostalgia" title="Nostalgia">nostalgia</a> and proposed that "authentic" steampunk would "take the levers of technology from the [technocrats] and powerful."<a href="#cite_note-Steampunk_Manifesto-163">[161]</a> American activist and performer Miriam Rosenberg Rocek impersonated <a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcha-feminist">anarcha-feminist</a> <a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a> to inspire discussions around gender, society and politics.<a href="#cite_note-Nally-4">[4]</a> SteamPunk Magazine was edited and published by anarchists. Its founder, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Killjoy" title="Margaret Killjoy">Margaret Killjoy</a>, argued "there have always been radical politics at the core of steampunk."<a href="#cite_note-Killjoy-164">[162]</a> Diana M. Pho, a science-fiction editor and author of the multicultural steampunk blog <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beyondvictoriana.com">Beyond Victoriana</a>, similarly argued steampunk's "<a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> roots" can be traced to its literary inspirations, including Verne's <a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo" title="Captain Nemo">Captain Nemo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pho-165">[163]</a> Steampunk authors <a href="/wiki/Phenderson_Dj%C3%A8l%C3%AD_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenderson Djèlí Clark">Phenderson Djèlí Clark</a>,<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> Jaymee Goh,<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dru_Pagliassotti" title="Dru Pagliassotti">Dru Pagliassotti</a>,<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Stross" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlie Stross">Charlie Stross</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> consider their work political. These views are not universally shared.<a href="#cite_note-Poeter-79">[79]</a> Killjoy lamented that even some diehard enthusiasts believe steampunk "has nothing to offer but designer clothes."<a href="#cite_note-Killjoy-164">[162]</a> Pho argued many steampunk fans "don't like to acknowledge that their attitudes could be considered ideological."<a href="#cite_note-Pho-165">[163]</a> The largest online steampunk community, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brassgoggles.co.uk">Brass Goggles</a>, which is dedicated to what it calls the "lighter side" of steampunk, banned discussion about politics. Cory Gross, who was one of the first to write about the history and theory of steampunk, argued that the "<a href="/wiki/Photographic_print_toning" title="Photographic print toning">sepia-toned</a> yesteryear more appropriate for Disney and grandparents than a vibrant and viable philosophy or culture" denounced in the Steampunk Manifesto<a href="#cite_note-Steampunk_Manifesto-163">[161]</a> was in fact representative of the genre.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> Author <a href="/wiki/Catherynne_M._Valente" title="Catherynne M. Valente">Catherynne M. Valente</a> called the punk in steampunk "nearly meaningless."<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> Kate Franklin and James Schafer, who at the time managed one of the largest steampunk groups on <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, admitted in 2011 that steampunk hadn't created the "revolutionary, or even a particularly progressive" community they wanted.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> Blogger and podcaster Eric Renderking Fisk announced in 2017 that steampunk was no longer punk, since it had "lost the <a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">anti-authoritarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">anti-establishment</a> aspects."<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> Others argued explicitly against turning steampunk into a political movement,<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> preferring to see steampunk as "<a href="/wiki/Escapism" title="Escapism">escapism</a>"<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> or a "fandom".<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> In 2018, Nick Ottens, editor of the online alternate-history magazine Never Was, declared that the "lighter side" of steampunk had won out.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> To the extent that steampunk is <a href="/wiki/Politicization" class="mw-redirect" title="Politicization">politicized</a>, it appears to be an American and British phenomenon. Continental Europeans<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> and Latin Americans<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> are more likely to consider steampunk a hobby than a cause. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_events">Social events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Social events">edit</a>]</div> June 19, 2005 marked the grand opening of the world's first steampunk club night, Malediction Society, in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lecaro-181">[179]</a> The event ran for nearly 12 years at The Monte Cristo nightclub, interrupted by a single year residency at Argyle Hollywood, until both the club night and The Monte Cristo closed in April 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Lecaro-181">[179]</a> Though the steampunk aesthetic eventually gave way to a more generic <a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">goth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial</a> aesthetic, Malediction Society celebrated its roots every year with "The Steampunk Ball".<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> The year 2006 saw the first "SalonCon", a neo-Victorian/steampunk convention. It ran for three consecutive years and featured artists, musicians (<a href="/wiki/Voltaire_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltaire (musician)">Voltaire</a> and Abney Park), and authors (<a href="/wiki/Catherynne_M._Valente" title="Catherynne M. Valente">Catherynne M. Valente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Sedia" title="Ekaterina Sedia">Ekaterina Sedia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/G._D._Falksen" title="G. D. Falksen">G. D. Falksen</a>). It also featured <a href="/wiki/Salon_(gathering)" title="Salon (gathering)">salons</a> led by people prominent in their respective fields, workshops and panels on steampunk, and a seance, ballroom dance instruction, and the Chrononauts' Parade. The event was covered by MTV<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> and The New York Times.<a href="#cite_note-La_Ferla-23">[23]</a> Since then, a number of popular steampunk conventions have sprung up the world over, with names like <a href="/wiki/Steamcon" title="Steamcon">Steamcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Steampunk_World%27s_Fair" title="Steampunk World's Fair">Steampunk World's Fair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Piscataway,_New_Jersey" title="Piscataway, New Jersey">Piscataway, New Jersey</a>), Up in the Aether: The Steampunk Convention (<a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn, Michigan</a>),<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> Steampunk NZ (<a href="/wiki/Oamaru,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Oamaru, New Zealand">Oamaru, New Zealand</a>), Steampunk Unlimited (<a href="/wiki/Strasburg_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Strasburg Railroad">Strasburg Railroad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, PA</a>).<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> Each year, on Mother's Day weekend, the city of <a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham, MA</a>, turns over its city center and surrounding areas to host the <a href="/wiki/Watch_City_Steampunk_Festival" title="Watch City Steampunk Festival">Watch City Steampunk Festival</a>, a US outdoor steampunk festival. In <a href="/wiki/Kennebunk,_Maine" title="Kennebunk, Maine">Kennebunk, ME</a> the <a href="/wiki/Brick_Store_Museum" title="Brick Store Museum">Brick Store Museum</a> hosts the Southern Maine Steampunk Fair annually.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> During the first weekend of May, the Australian town of <a href="/wiki/Nimmitabel" title="Nimmitabel">Nimmitabel</a> celebrates Steampunk @ Altitude with some 2,000 people in attendance.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CarnevaleSteampunk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/CarnevaleSteampunk.JPG/220px-CarnevaleSteampunk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/CarnevaleSteampunk.JPG/330px-CarnevaleSteampunk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/CarnevaleSteampunk.JPG/440px-CarnevaleSteampunk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A steampunk couple at Carnevale 2012 in <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a> </figcaption></figure> In recent years, steampunk has also become a regular feature at <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con" title="San Diego Comic-Con">San Diego Comic-Con</a>, with the Saturday of the four-day event being generally known among steampunks as "Steampunk Day", and culminating with a photo-shoot for the local press.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> In 2010, this was recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_World_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of World Records">Guinness Book of World Records</a> as the world's largest steampunk photo shoot.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> In 2013, Comic-Con announced four official 2013 T-shirts, one of them featuring the official <a href="/wiki/Rick_Geary" title="Rick Geary">Rick Geary</a> Comic-Con toucan mascot in steampunk attire.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> The Saturday steampunk "after-party" has also become a major event on the steampunk social calendar: in 2010, the headliners included The Slow Poisoner, Unextraordinary Gentlemen, and <a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Voltaire" title="Aurelio Voltaire">Aurelio Voltaire</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Veronique_Chevalier" title="Veronique Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</a> as Mistress of Ceremonies and special appearance by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_STEAM" title="League of STEAM">League of STEAM</a>;<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> in 2011, UXG returned with Abney Park.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> Steampunk has also sprung up recently at Renaissance Festivals and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance Fair">Renaissance Faires</a>, in the US. Some festivals have organised events or a "Steampunk Day", while others simply support an open environment for donning steampunk attire. The <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Renaissance_Faire" title="Bristol Renaissance Faire">Bristol Renaissance Faire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin" title="Kenosha, Wisconsin">Kenosha, Wisconsin</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> border, featured a Steampunk costume contest during the 2012 season, the previous two seasons having seen increasing participation in the phenomenon.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> Steampunk also has a growing following in the UK and Europe. The largest European event is "<a href="/wiki/Weekend_at_the_Asylum" title="Weekend at the Asylum">Weekend at the Asylum</a>", held at <a href="/wiki/The_Lawn,_Lincoln" title="The Lawn, Lincoln">The Lawn, Lincoln</a>, every September since 2009. Organised as a not-for-profit event by the Ministry of Steampunk (formerly Victorian Steampunk Society), the Asylum is a dedicated steampunk event which takes over much of the historical quarter of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln, England</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Castle" title="Lincoln Castle">Lincoln Castle</a>. In 2011, there were over 1,000 steampunks in attendance. The event features the Empire Ball, Majors Review, Bazaar Eclectica, and the international Tea Duelling final.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> <a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> The Surrey Steampunk Convivial was originally held in <a href="/wiki/New_Malden" title="New Malden">New Malden</a>, but since 2019 has been held in <a href="/wiki/Stoneleigh,_Surrey" title="Stoneleigh, Surrey">Stoneleigh</a> in southwestern London, within walking distance of <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>'s home.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> The Surrey Steampunk Convivial started as an annual event in 2012, and now takes place thrice a year, and has spanned three boroughs and five venues.<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> Attendees have been interviewed by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> for <a href="/wiki/Phill_Jupitus" title="Phill Jupitus">Phill Jupitus</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> and filmed by the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> The West Yorkshire village of <a href="/wiki/Haworth" title="Haworth">Haworth</a> has held an annual Steampunk weekend since 2013,<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> on each occasion as a charity event raising funds for <a href="/wiki/Sue_Ryder_(charity)" title="Sue Ryder (charity)">Sue Ryder's "Manorlands" hospice</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxenhope" title="Oxenhope">Oxenhope</a>. In September 2021, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>'s first steampunk festival was held at the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Linna_Square" title="Väinö Linna Square">Väinö Linna Square</a> and the Werstas Workers' House in <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pirkanmaa" title="Pirkanmaa">Pirkanmaa</a>, Finland.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> A 2018 physics Ph.D. dissertation used the phrase "Quantum Steampunk" to describe the author's synthesis of some 19th century and current ideas.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> The term has not been widely adopted. A 2012 conference paper on <a href="/wiki/Human_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Human factors">human factors</a> in computing systems examined the use of steampunk as a <a href="/wiki/Design_fiction" title="Design fiction">design fiction</a> for <a href="/wiki/Human-computer_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Human-computer interaction">human-computer interaction</a> (HCI). It concludes that "the practices of DIY and appropriation that are evident in Steampunk design provide a useful set of design strategies and implications for HCI".<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon-149393.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/27px-Dragon-149393.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/41px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/54px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pirate" title="Air pirate">Air pirate</a> – Common stock character in steampunk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a> – Genre of speculative fiction, where one or more historical events occur differently</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> – Science fiction subgenre in a futuristic dystopian setting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Cyberpunk derivatives</a> – Subgenres of this speculative fiction genre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_academia" title="Dark academia">Dark academia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a> – Subgenre of science fiction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a> – Creative arts movement inspired by historic depictions of the future</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrotronics" title="Retrotronics">Retrotronics</a> – The making of electric circuits or appliances using older electric components</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tik-Tok_(Oz)" title="Tik-Tok (Oz)">Tik-Tok (Oz)</a> – Fictional character from L. Frank Baum's Oz series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_utopianism" title="Technological utopianism">Technological utopianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> The country is alluded to in the show's first episode when an object looking like a blimp is briefly shown in the background when the protagonist and her friends flee into the forest. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Specifically the episodes "Steamland Confidential", "Freak Out!", and "Last Splash" </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724014252/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/steampunk">"Definition of steampunk"</a>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/steampunk">the original</a> on July 24, 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+steampunk&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fsteampunk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Latham-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Latham_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatham2014" class="citation book cs1">Latham, Rob (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Science Fiction. Oxford University Press. p. 439. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983884-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983884-4"><bdi>978-0-19-983884-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Science+Fiction&rft.pages=439&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-983884-4&rft.aulast=Latham&rft.aufirst=Rob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geargadgetsandgizmos.com/what-is-steampunk-all-about/">"What Is Steampunk All About? | Gear Gadgets and Gizmos"</a>. www.geargadgetsandgizmos.com/. 25 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324230945/https://geargadgetsandgizmos.com/what-is-steampunk-all-about/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved Feb 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.geargadgetsandgizmos.com%2F&rft.atitle=What+Is+Steampunk+All+About%3F+%7C+Gear+Gadgets+and+Gizmos&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeargadgetsandgizmos.com%2Fwhat-is-steampunk-all-about%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nally-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nally_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nally_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNally2016" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Nally, Claire (Nov 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.northumbria.ac.uk/pressreleases/expert-comment-fabricating-histories-steampunk-neo-victorianism-and-the-fantastic-1636852">"EXPERT COMMENT: Steampunk, Neo-Victorianism, and the Fantastic"</a> (Press release). Northumbria University, Newcastle's Newsroom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321105224/https://newsroom.northumbria.ac.uk/pressreleases/expert-comment-fabricating-histories-steampunk-neo-victorianism-and-the-fantastic-1636852">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EXPERT+COMMENT%3A+Steampunk%2C+Neo-Victorianism%2C+and+the+Fantastic&rft.pub=Northumbria+University%2C+Newcastle%27s+Newsroom&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft.aulast=Nally&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.northumbria.ac.uk%2Fpressreleases%2Fexpert-comment-fabricating-histories-steampunk-neo-victorianism-and-the-fantastic-1636852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://steam-punk.co.uk/what-is-steampunk.html">STEAMPUNK</a>. Lulu.com. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306235111/https://steam-punk.co.uk/what-is-steampunk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2021-02-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=STEAMPUNK&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsteam-punk.co.uk%2Fwhat-is-steampunk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2010" class="citation journal cs1">Campbell, Heather M. (Dec 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ922998">"Steampunk: Full Steam Ahead"</a>. School Library Journal. 56 (12): 52–57. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-8930">0362-8930</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306235147/https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ922998">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2023. Retrieved April 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=School+Library+Journal&rft.atitle=Steampunk%3A+Full+Steam+Ahead&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=52-57&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.issn=0362-8930&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Heather+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feric.ed.gov%2F%3Fid%3DEJ922998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VanderMeer-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VanderMeer_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VanderMeer_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VanderMeer_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderMeerChambers2011" class="citation book cs1">VanderMeer, Jeff; Chambers, S. J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steampunkbible.com/">The Steampunk Bible: An Illustrated Guide to the World of Imaginary Airships, Corsets and Goggles, Mad Scientists, and Strange Literature</a>. New York: Abrams Image. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-8958-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-8958-0"><bdi>978-0-8109-8958-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170522142855/http://steampunkbible.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-05-22. Retrieved 2011-08-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Steampunk+Bible%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide+to+the+World+of+Imaginary+Airships%2C+Corsets+and+Goggles%2C+Mad+Scientists%2C+and+Strange+Literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Abrams+Image&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-8958-0&rft.aulast=VanderMeer&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Chambers%2C+S.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsteampunkbible.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grossman-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grossman_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossman_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossman_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossman_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossman_8-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2009" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Grossman" title="Lev Grossman">Grossman, Lev</a> (December 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091209022518/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1945343,00.html">"Steampunk: Reclaiming Tech for the Masses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1945343,00.html">the original</a> on December 9, 2009. Retrieved Dec 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Steampunk%3A+Reclaiming+Tech+for+the+Masses&rft.date=2009-12-14&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Lev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1945343%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCluteGrantAshleyHartwell1999" class="citation book cs1">Clute, John; Grant, John; Ashley, Mike; Hartwell, David G.; Westfahl, Gary (1999). The Encyclopedia of Fantasy (1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Griffin. pp. 895–896. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-19869-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-19869-5"><bdi>978-0-312-19869-5</bdi></a>. <q>STEAMPUNK A term applied more to <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> than to fantasy, though some tales described as steampunk do cross genres. ... Steampunk, on the other hand, can be best described as technofantasy that is based, sometimes quite remotely, upon technological <a href="/wiki/Anachronism" title="Anachronism">anachronism</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Fantasy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=895-896&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-312-19869-5&rft.aulast=Clute&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Grant%2C+John&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Mike&rft.au=Hartwell%2C+David+G.&rft.au=Westfahl%2C+Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaddeoMiller2013" class="citation book cs1">Taddeo, Julie Anne; Miller, Cynthia J. (2013). Steaming Into a Victorian Future: A Steampunk Anthology. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8586-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8586-8"><bdi>978-0-8108-8586-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steaming+Into+a+Victorian+Future%3A+A+Steampunk+Anthology&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-8586-8&rft.aulast=Taddeo&rft.aufirst=Julie+Anne&rft.au=Miller%2C+Cynthia+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://steam-punk.co.uk/what-is-steampunk.html">"What Is Steampunk – Steam Punk Explained"</a>. steam-punk.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306235111/https://steam-punk.co.uk/what-is-steampunk.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=steam-punk.co.uk&rft.atitle=What+Is+Steampunk+%E2%80%93+Steam+Punk+Explained&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsteam-punk.co.uk%2Fwhat-is-steampunk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wired-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wired_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wired_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wired_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wired_12-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterling2013" class="citation news cs1">Sterling, Bruce (22 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2013/03/japanese-steampunk/">"Japanese steampunk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308124443/https://www.wired.com/2013/03/japanese-steampunk/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Japanese+steampunk&rft.date=2013-03-22&rft.aulast=Sterling&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2013%2F03%2Fjapanese-steampunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=36&article_id=218702&CFID=310156968&CFTOKEN=53867445">"Steampunk artists meld Victorian era, science fiction"</a>. Duluth News Tribune. January 1, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120707140050/https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=36&article_id=218702&CFID=310156968&CFTOKEN=53867445">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012. <q>It's the stuff Jules Verne used to write about, looking at it from the hindsight of the 21st century,</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Duluth+News+Tribune&rft.atitle=Steampunk+artists+meld+Victorian+era%2C+science+fiction&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.forumcomm.com%2F%3Fpublisher_ID%3D36%26article_id%3D218702%26CFID%3D310156968%26CFTOKEN%3D53867445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/living/article/Steampunk-s-subculture-revealed-3206839.php">"Steampunk's subculture revealed"</a>. SFGate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818182448/http://www.sfgate.com/living/article/Steampunk-s-subculture-revealed-3206839.php">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2017. Retrieved Aug 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SFGate&rft.atitle=Steampunk%27s+subculture+revealed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fliving%2Farticle%2FSteampunk-s-subculture-revealed-3206839.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HSW_Steampunk-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HSW_Steampunk_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSW_Steampunk_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSW_Steampunk_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSW_Steampunk_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSW_Steampunk_15-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSW_Steampunk_15-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSW_Steampunk_15-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSW_Steampunk_15-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrickland2008" class="citation web cs1">Strickland, Jonathan (Feb 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.howstuffworks.com/steampunk.htm#pt4">"Famous Steampunk Works"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HowStuffWorks" title="HowStuffWorks">HowStuffWorks</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110808081951/http://people.howstuffworks.com/steampunk.htm#pt4">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famous+Steampunk+Works&rft.pub=HowStuffWorks&rft.date=2008-02-15&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.howstuffworks.com%2Fsteampunk.htm%23pt4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliveira,_Camilla2015" class="citation news cs1">Oliveira, Camilla (Nov 2, 2015). "Steampunk: The Movement and the Art". Wall Street International – Culture Section.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Steampunk%3A+The+Movement+and+the+Art&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft.au=Oliveira%2C+Camilla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeake2011" class="citation book cs1">Peake, Mervyn (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3C-oSC5GbcoC&pg=PA753">The Illustrated Gormenghast Trilogy</a> (New ed.). London: Vintage. p. 753. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952854-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952854-8"><bdi>978-0-09-952854-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Gormenghast+Trilogy&rft.place=London&rft.pages=753&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-09-952854-8&rft.aulast=Peake&rft.aufirst=Mervyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3C-oSC5GbcoC%26pg%3DPA753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel2007" class="citation book cs1">Daniel, Lucy (2007). Defining Moments In Books: The Greatest Books, Writers, Characters, Passages And Events That Shook The Literary World. New York: Cassell illustrated. p. 439. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84403-605-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84403-605-9"><bdi>978-1-84403-605-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defining+Moments+In+Books%3A+The+Greatest+Books%2C+Writers%2C+Characters%2C+Passages+And+Events+That+Shook+The+Literary+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=439&rft.pub=Cassell+illustrated&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84403-605-9&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBluestocking2017" class="citation web cs1">Bluestocking (21 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spdhpod.com/spdhepisodes/2017/6/21/episode-1-islands-in-the-time-streams-1">"Steampunk Dollhouse: Islands in the Time Streams or How a Privileged White Edwardian Man Had His Eyes Opened Rather Forcefully"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706051115/https://www.spdhpod.com/spdhepisodes/2017/6/21/episode-1-islands-in-the-time-streams-1">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Dollhouse%3A+Islands+in+the+Time+Streams+or+How+a+Privileged+White+Edwardian+Man+Had+His+Eyes+Opened+Rather+Forcefully&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft.au=Bluestocking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spdhpod.com%2Fspdhepisodes%2F2017%2F6%2F21%2Fepisode-1-islands-in-the-time-streams-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKunzru,_Hari2011" class="citation news cs1">Kunzru, Hari (4 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/feb/04/michael-moorcock-hari-kunzru/">"When Hari Kunzru Met Michael Moorcock"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160906173653/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/feb/04/michael-moorcock-hari-kunzru">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=When+Hari+Kunzru+Met+Michael+Moorcock&rft.date=2011-02-04&rft.au=Kunzru%2C+Hari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F04%2Fmichael-moorcock-hari-kunzru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bebergal-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bebergal_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bebergal_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bebergal_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bebergal_21-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBebergal,_Peter2007" class="citation news cs1">Bebergal, Peter (August 26, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2007/08/26/the_age_of_steampunk/">"The Age of Steampunk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080414184624/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2007/08/26/the_age_of_steampunk/">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=The+Age+of+Steampunk&rft.date=2007-08-26&rft.au=Bebergal%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fglobe%2Fideas%2Farticles%2F2007%2F08%2F26%2Fthe_age_of_steampunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKremper2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Kremper, Ella (November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%206.pdf">"Beneath an Amber Moon; Brazil"</a> (PDF). Gatehouse Gazette. No. 6. pp. 12–13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728154039/https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%206.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=Beneath+an+Amber+Moon%3B+Brazil&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=12-13&rft.date=2009-11&rft.aulast=Kremper&rft.aufirst=Ella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2FGazette%2520-%25206.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-La_Ferla-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-La_Ferla_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-La_Ferla_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-La_Ferla_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-La_Ferla_23-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Ferla2008" class="citation news cs1">La Ferla, Ruth (May 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/08/fashion/08PUNK.html">"Steampunk Moves Between 2 Worlds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511203417/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/08/fashion/08PUNK.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved Nov 21, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Steampunk+Moves+Between+2+Worlds&rft.date=2008-05-08&rft.aulast=La+Ferla&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F08%2Ffashion%2F08PUNK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Braiker-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Braiker_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braiker_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraiker,_Brian2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Braiker, Brian (October 31, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/2007/10/30/steampunking-technology.html">"Steampunking Technology: A subculture hand-tools today's gadgets with Victorian style"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101114095424/http://www.newsweek.com/2007/10/30/steampunking-technology.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2010. Retrieved Nov 21, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Steampunking+Technology%3A+A+subculture+hand-tools+today%27s+gadgets+with+Victorian+style&rft.date=2007-10-31&rft.au=Braiker%2C+Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2F2007%2F10%2F30%2Fsteampunking-technology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2000" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Janet A. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/remediosvarounex0000kapl">Remedios Varo: Unexpected Journeys</a> (1st ed.). New York: Abbeville Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7892-0627-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7892-0627-5"><bdi>978-0-7892-0627-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remedios+Varo%3A+Unexpected+Journeys&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Abbeville+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7892-0627-5&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Janet+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fremediosvarounex0000kapl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDugganHaaseCallow2016" class="citation book cs1">Duggan, Anne; Haase, Donald; Callow, Helen J. (2016). Folktales and Fairy Tales: Traditions and Texts from around the World, 2nd Edition [4 volumes]: Traditions and Texts from around the World. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 835. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-253-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-253-3"><bdi>978-1-61069-253-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folktales+and+Fairy+Tales%3A+Traditions+and+Texts+from+around+the+World%2C+2nd+Edition+%5B4+volumes%5D%3A+Traditions+and+Texts+from+around+the+World&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=835&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-253-3&rft.aulast=Duggan&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=Haase%2C+Donald&rft.au=Callow%2C+Helen+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/william-higham/steampunk-what-the-hell-is-it_b_1015192.html">"What The Hell Is Steampunk?"</a>. HuffPost UK. Oct 17, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812210853/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/william-higham/steampunk-what-the-hell-is-it_b_1015192.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved Aug 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost+UK&rft.atitle=What+The+Hell+Is+Steampunk%3F&rft.date=2011-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2Fwilliam-higham%2Fsteampunk-what-the-hell-is-it_b_1015192.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheidlower,_Jesse2005" class="citation web cs1">Sheidlower, Jesse (March 9, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205025641/http://www.jessesword.com/sf/view/327">"Science Fiction Citations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jessesword.com/sf/view/327">the original</a> on February 5, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction+Citations&rft.date=2005-03-09&rft.au=Sheidlower%2C+Jesse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jessesword.com%2Fsf%2Fview%2F327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeter1987" class="citation magazine cs1">Jeter, K.W. (April 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i.imgur.com/M7ema1o.png">"Letter – essay from K. W. Jeter"</a>. Locus. Vol. 20, no. 4. Locus Publications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927014545/http://i.imgur.com/M7ema1o.png">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-09-27. Retrieved 2016-09-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Locus&rft.atitle=Letter+%E2%80%93+essay+from+K.+W.+Jeter&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1987-04&rft.aulast=Jeter&rft.aufirst=K.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FM7ema1o.png&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNevins2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jess_Nevins" title="Jess Nevins">Nevins, Jess</a> (2003). Heroes & Monsters: The Unofficial Companion to the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. Austin, Texas: <a href="/wiki/MonkeyBrain_Books" title="MonkeyBrain Books">MonkeyBrain, Inc.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932265-04-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932265-04-0"><bdi>978-1-932265-04-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heroes+%26+Monsters%3A+The+Unofficial+Companion+to+the+League+of+Extraordinary+Gentlemen&rft.place=Austin%2C+Texas&rft.pub=MonkeyBrain%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-932265-04-0&rft.aulast=Nevins&rft.aufirst=Jess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsomaaKorpuaTeittinen2020" class="citation book cs1">Isomaa, Saija; Korpua, Jyrki; Teittinen, Jouni (2020-08-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/New_Perspectives_on_Dystopian_Fiction_in/v9D5DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=The+Adventures+of+Luther+Arkwright+first+steampunk&pg=PA73&printsec=frontcover">New Perspectives on Dystopian Fiction in Literature and Other Media</a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-5872-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-5872-4"><bdi>978-1-5275-5872-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+Dystopian+Fiction+in+Literature+and+Other+Media&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft.isbn=978-1-5275-5872-4&rft.aulast=Isomaa&rft.aufirst=Saija&rft.au=Korpua%2C+Jyrki&rft.au=Teittinen%2C+Jouni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FNew_Perspectives_on_Dystopian_Fiction_in%2Fv9D5DwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3DThe%2BAdventures%2Bof%2BLuther%2BArkwright%2Bfirst%2Bsteampunk%26pg%3DPA73%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLupoffStiles1980" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Lupoff" title="Richard A. Lupoff">Lupoff, Richard</a>; <a href="/wiki/Steve_Stiles" title="Steve Stiles">Stiles, Steve</a> (February 1980). "The Adventures of Professor Thintwhistle and His Incredible Aether Flyer". <a href="/wiki/Heavy_Metal_(magazine)" title="Heavy Metal (magazine)">Heavy Metal</a>. pp. 27–32 et seq.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heavy+Metal&rft.atitle=The+Adventures+of+Professor+Thintwhistle+and+His+Incredible+Aether+Flyer&rft.pages=27-32+et+seq&rft.date=1980-02&rft.aulast=Lupoff&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Stiles%2C+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalamity" class="citation web cs1">Calamity, Prof. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prof-calamity.livejournal.com/277.html">"Steampunk Manifesto"</a>. prof-calamity.livejournal.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807204010/https://prof-calamity.livejournal.com/277.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved Aug 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prof-calamity.livejournal.com&rft.atitle=Steampunk+Manifesto&rft.aulast=Calamity&rft.aufirst=Prof&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprof-calamity.livejournal.com%2F277.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cavallaro-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cavallaro_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cavallaro_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cavallaro_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cavallaro_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cavallaro_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cavallaro_34-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavallaro2015" class="citation book cs1">Cavallaro, Dani (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uSxzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40">"Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water (Fushigi no Umi no Nadia)"</a>. The Art of Studio Gainax: Experimentation, Style and Innovation at the Leading Edge of Anime. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. pp. 40–53 (40–1). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-0070-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-0070-3"><bdi>978-1-4766-0070-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230712001533/https://books.google.com/books?id=uSxzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-12. Retrieved 2020-04-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nadia%3A+The+Secret+of+Blue+Water+%28Fushigi+no+Umi+no+Nadia%29&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Studio+Gainax%3A+Experimentation%2C+Style+and+Innovation+at+the+Leading+Edge+of+Anime&rft.pages=40-53+%2840-1%29&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-0070-3&rft.aulast=Cavallaro&rft.aufirst=Dani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuSxzBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderMeerChambers2012" class="citation book cs1">VanderMeer, Jeff; Chambers, S. J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xp12RPAYgrIC&pg=PA184">The Steampunk Bible: An Illustrated Guide to the World of Imaginary Airships, Corsets and Goggles, Mad Scientists, and Strange Literature</a>. <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Books" title="Abrams Books">Abrams Books</a>. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61312-166-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61312-166-5"><bdi>978-1-61312-166-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Steampunk+Bible%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide+to+the+World+of+Imaginary+Airships%2C+Corsets+and+Goggles%2C+Mad+Scientists%2C+and+Strange+Literature&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Abrams+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61312-166-5&rft.aulast=VanderMeer&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Chambers%2C+S.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXp12RPAYgrIC%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nevins2019-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nevins2019_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nevins2019_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNevins2019" class="citation book cs1">Nevins, Jess (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfvADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107">"Steampunk"</a>. In McFarlane, Anna; Schmeink, Lars; Murphy, Graham (eds.). The Routledge Companion to Cyberpunk Culture. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-13986-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-13986-1"><bdi>978-1-351-13986-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Steampunk&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Cyberpunk+Culture&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-351-13986-1&rft.aulast=Nevins&rft.aufirst=Jess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmfvADwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZion2001" class="citation news cs1">Zion, Lee (May 15, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2001-05-15">"Probing the Atlantis Mystery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629004303/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2001-05-15">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved July 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anime+News+Network&rft.atitle=Probing+the+Atlantis+Mystery&rft.date=2001-05-15&rft.aulast=Zion&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Ffeature%2F2001-05-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYasuhiro2019" class="citation news cs1">Yasuhiro, Takeda (March 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gwern.net/docs/eva/2002-takeda-notenkimemoirs">"The Notenki Memoirs: Studio Gainax And The Men Who Created Evangelion"</a>. Gwern. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191121215358/https://www.gwern.net/docs/eva/2002-takeda-notenkimemoirs">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gwern&rft.atitle=The+Notenki+Memoirs%3A+Studio+Gainax+And+The+Men+Who+Created+Evangelion&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft.aulast=Yasuhiro&rft.aufirst=Takeda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwern.net%2Fdocs%2Feva%2F2002-takeda-notenkimemoirs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDruce2016" class="citation book cs1">Druce, Nikki (2016). Making Steampunk Jewellery. The Crowood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78500-215-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78500-215-1"><bdi>978-1-78500-215-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Steampunk+Jewellery&rft.pub=The+Crowood+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78500-215-1&rft.aulast=Druce&rft.aufirst=Nikki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitson2017" class="citation book cs1">Whitson, Roger (2017). Steampunk and Nineteenth-Century Digital Humanities: Literary Retrofuturisms, Media Archaeologies, Alternate Histories. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-50911-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-50911-0"><bdi>978-1-317-50911-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steampunk+and+Nineteenth-Century+Digital+Humanities%3A+Literary+Retrofuturisms%2C+Media+Archaeologies%2C+Alternate+Histories&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-317-50911-0&rft.aulast=Whitson&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowserCroxall2010" class="citation journal cs1">Bowser, Rachel A.; Croxall, Brian (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412021640/http://www.neovictorianstudies.com/past_issues/3-1%202010/NVS%203-1-1%20R-Bowser%20%26%20B-Croxall.pdf">"Industrial Evolution"</a> (PDF). Neo-Victorian Studies. 3 (1): 23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neovictorianstudies.com/past_issues/3-1%202010/NVS%203-1-1%20R-Bowser%20%26%20B-Croxall.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on April 12, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neo-Victorian+Studies&rft.atitle=Industrial+Evolution&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Bowser&rft.aufirst=Rachel+A.&rft.au=Croxall%2C+Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neovictorianstudies.com%2Fpast_issues%2F3-1%25202010%2FNVS%25203-1-1%2520R-Bowser%2520%2526%2520B-Croxall.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuffey2014" class="citation journal cs1">Guffey, Elizabeth (2014). "Crafting Yesterday's Tomorrows: Retro-Futurism, Steampunk, and the Problem of Making in the Twenty-First Century". The Journal of Modern Craft. 7 (3): 250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F174967714X14111311182767">10.2752/174967714X14111311182767</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191495500">191495500</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+Craft&rft.atitle=Crafting+Yesterday%27s+Tomorrows%3A+Retro-Futurism%2C+Steampunk%2C+and+the+Problem+of+Making+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=250&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F174967714X14111311182767&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191495500%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Guffey&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yrb1-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yrb1_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yrb1_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollazo2011" class="citation news cs1">Collazo, Stephanie Amy (December 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125234416/http://www.yrbmagazine.com/2011/12/yrb-interview-dr-grymm/">"YRB Interview: Dr. Grymm"</a>. YRB Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yrbmagazine.com/2011/12/yrb-interview-dr-grymm/">the original</a> on January 25, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012. <q>a dangerous tattoo machine, fusing a tattoo machine and an arm. Using a hand massager, projector parts, tube radios, a paint sprayer and miscellaneous parts (such as a glass vial of squid ink), Marsocci created an interesting piece that looks like something you'd find in Mary Shelley's home.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=YRB+Magazine&rft.atitle=YRB+Interview%3A+Dr.+Grymm&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft.aulast=Collazo&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yrbmagazine.com%2F2011%2F12%2Fyrb-interview-dr-grymm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hampton1-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hampton1_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hampton1_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2008" class="citation news cs1">Casey, Eileen (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hamptons.com/detail.php?articleID=4486">"Steampunk Art And Design Exhibits In The Hamptons"</a>. Hamptons Online. Retrieved March 6, 2012. <q>Steampunk is not considered 'Outsider Art,' but rather a tightly focused art movement whose practitioners faithfully borrow design elements from the grand schools of architecture, science and design and employ a strict philosophy where the physical form must be as equally impressive as the function.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hamptons+Online&rft.atitle=Steampunk+Art+And+Design+Exhibits+In+The+Hamptons&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hamptons.com%2Fdetail.php%3FarticleID%3D4486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Catastrophone Orchestra and Arts Collective, <a href="//archive.org/details/SteamPunk_Magazine_1-printing/page/n5/mode/2up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:SteamPunk Magazine 1-printing/page/n5/mode/2up">"What, Then, is Steampunk? Colonizing the Past So We Can Dream the Future", SteamPunk Magazine 1</a> (2006), p 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteel2008" class="citation news cs1">Steel, Sharon (May 19, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thephoenix.com//Boston/Life/61571-Steam-dream/">"Steam dream: Steampunk bursts through its subculture roots to challenge our musical, fashion, design, and even political sensibilities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Phoenix" class="mw-redirect" title="The Boston Phoenix">The Boston Phoenix</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111209130942/http://thephoenix.com/Boston/Life/61571-Steam-dream">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Phoenix&rft.atitle=Steam+dream%3A+Steampunk+bursts+through+its+subculture+roots+to+challenge+our+musical%2C+fashion%2C+design%2C+and+even+political+sensibilities&rft.date=2008-05-19&rft.aulast=Steel&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthephoenix.com%2F%2FBoston%2FLife%2F61571-Steam-dream%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hart1-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hart1_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hart1_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hart1_47-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart2011" class="citation news cs1">Hart, Hugh (December 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/underwire/2011/12/mobilis-in-mobili-steampunk/?pid=5507">"Steampunk Contraptions Take Over Tattoo Studio"</a>. Wired. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111204190110/http://www.wired.com/underwire/2011/12/mobilis-in-mobili-steampunk/?pid=5507">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Steampunk+Contraptions+Take+Over+Tattoo+Studio&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Funderwire%2F2011%2F12%2Fmobilis-in-mobili-steampunk%2F%3Fpid%3D5507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarivar2008" class="citation web cs1">Farivar, Cyrus (February 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18710895&sc=emaf">"Steampunk Brings Victorian Flair to the 21st Century"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090108213153/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18710895&sc=emaf">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2009. Retrieved May 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Brings+Victorian+Flair+to+the+21st+Century&rft.pub=National+Public+Radio&rft.date=2008-02-06&rft.aulast=Farivar&rft.aufirst=Cyrus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D18710895%26sc%3Demaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackie2013" class="citation web cs1">Jackie (October 17, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085254/http://www.raileurope.com/blog/12073-paris-metro-art-et-metiers">"Paris Metro Travel: Full Steam(punk) Ahead at Arts et Métiers"</a>. Rail Europe. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raileurope.com/blog/12073-paris-metro-art-et-metiers">the original</a> on April 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paris+Metro+Travel%3A+Full+Steam%28punk%29+Ahead+at+Arts+et+M%C3%A9tiers&rft.pub=Rail+Europe&rft.date=2013-10-17&rft.au=Jackie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raileurope.com%2Fblog%2F12073-paris-metro-art-et-metiers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodsworth2011" class="citation web cs1">Dodsworth, Lucy (November 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ontheluce.com/2011/11/07/in-pictures-arts-et-metiers-metro/">"In pictures: Paris' steampunk Arts et Métiers Metro station"</a>. On The Luce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323074335/http://ontheluce.com/2011/11/07/in-pictures-arts-et-metiers-metro/">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+pictures%3A+Paris%27+steampunk+Arts+et+M%C3%A9tiers+Metro+station&rft.pub=On+The+Luce&rft.date=2011-11-07&rft.aulast=Dodsworth&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fontheluce.com%2F2011%2F11%2F07%2Fin-pictures-arts-et-metiers-metro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartwell2007" class="citation news cs1">Hartwell, Lane (September 8, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kineticsteamworks.org/">"Best of Burning Man: Fire Dancers, Steampunk Tree House and More"</a>. Wired. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117033021/http://kineticsteamworks.org/">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2011. <q>Kinetic Steam Works' Case traction engine Hortense glows on the playa. The art vehicle was named in honor of the artist and mother of Cal Tinkham, the steam enthusiast and railroad engineer who originally restored the engine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Best+of+Burning+Man%3A+Fire+Dancers%2C+Steampunk+Tree+House+and+More&rft.date=2007-09-08&rft.aulast=Hartwell&rft.aufirst=Lane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kineticsteamworks.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavatier2007" class="citation web cs1">Savatier, Tristan "Loupiote" (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205140105/http://galleries.burningman.com/photos/tristan/tristan.30621">"Kinetic Steam Works' Case traction engine Hortense"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galleries.burningman.com/photos/tristan/tristan.30621">the original</a> on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2010-11-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kinetic+Steam+Works%27+Case+traction+engine+Hortense&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Savatier&rft.aufirst=Tristan+%22Loupiote%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgalleries.burningman.com%2Fphotos%2Ftristan%2Ftristan.30621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fivetoncrane.org/">"Five Ton Crane"</a>. Fivetoncrane.org. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207212422/http://fivetoncrane.org/">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved Aug 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+Ton+Crane&rft.pub=Fivetoncrane.org&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fivetoncrane.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardin2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Xeni_Jardin" title="Xeni Jardin">Jardin, Xeni</a> (24 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101209233826/http://tv.boingboing.net/2008/01/24/steampunk-tree-house.html">"Steampunk Tree House"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boing_Boing" title="Boing Boing">Boing Boing</a> TV. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tv.boingboing.net/2008/01/24/steampunk-tree-house.html">the original</a> on December 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Tree+House&rft.pub=Boing+Boing+TV&rft.date=2008-01-24&rft.aulast=Jardin&rft.aufirst=Xeni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftv.boingboing.net%2F2008%2F01%2F24%2Fsteampunk-tree-house.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrlando2007–2008" class="citation web cs1">Orlando, Sean (2007–2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steamtreehouse.com/">"Steampunk Tree House"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224131355/http://www.steamtreehouse.com/">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Tree+House&rft.date=2007%2F2008&rft.aulast=Orlando&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.steamtreehouse.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100625015204/http://www.dogfish.com/community/news/press-releases/steampunk-treehouse-finds-home-at-dogfish.htm">"Steampunk Treehouse Finds Home At Dogfish"</a>. Dogfish Head Craft Brewery. 21 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dogfish.com/community/news/press-releases/steampunk-treehouse-finds-home-at-dogfish.htm">the original</a> on 25 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Treehouse+Finds+Home+At+Dogfish&rft.pub=Dogfish+Head+Craft+Brewery&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dogfish.com%2Fcommunity%2Fnews%2Fpress-releases%2Fsteampunk-treehouse-finds-home-at-dogfish.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://makezine.com/2007/04/18/maker-faire-the-neverwas/">"Maker Faire: The Neverwas Haul"</a>. Make: DIY Projects, How-Tos, Electronics, Crafts and Ideas for Makers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119194043/http://makezine.com/2007/04/18/maker-faire-the-neverwas/">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved Nov 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Make%3A+DIY+Projects%2C+How-Tos%2C+Electronics%2C+Crafts+and+Ideas+for+Makers&rft.atitle=Maker+Faire%3A+The+Neverwas+Haul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmakezine.com%2F2007%2F04%2F18%2Fmaker-faire-the-neverwas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119224732/http://www.obtainiumworks.net/crew-2/">"Crew"</a>. Obtainium Works. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obtainiumworks.net/crew-2/">the original</a> on November 19, 2015. Retrieved Nov 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Obtainium+Works&rft.atitle=Crew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.obtainiumworks.net%2Fcrew-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyzik2008" class="citation news cs1">Ryzik, Melena (May 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/21/arts/design/21tele.html">"Telescope Takes a Long View, to London"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090402190736/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/21/arts/design/21tele.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Telescope+Takes+a+Long+View%2C+to+London&rft.date=2008-05-21&rft.aulast=Ryzik&rft.aufirst=Melena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F21%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F21tele.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2008" class="citation news cs1">Sullivan, Caroline (October 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/oct/17/popandrock2">"Tonight I'm gonna party like it's 1899"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104102052/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/oct/17/popandrock2">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tonight+I%27m+gonna+party+like+it%27s+1899&rft.date=2008-10-17&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2008%2Foct%2F17%2Fpopandrock2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPH2008" class="citation web cs1">PH, Julie (June 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://londonist.com/2008/06/testing_the_tel.php">"Testing the Telectroscope"</a>. Londonist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126064014/http://londonist.com/2008/06/testing_the_tel.php">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Testing+the+Telectroscope&rft.pub=Londonist&rft.date=2008-06-05&rft.aulast=PH&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flondonist.com%2F2008%2F06%2Ftesting_the_tel.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brassgoggles.co.uk/forum/index.php?topic=9166.35;wap2">"Telectroscope Merged Topic Threads"</a>. Brass Goggles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126070745/http://brassgoggles.co.uk/forum/index.php?topic=9166.35;wap2">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telectroscope+Merged+Topic+Threads&rft.pub=Brass+Goggles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrassgoggles.co.uk%2Fforum%2Findex.php%3Ftopic%3D9166.35%3Bwap2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWetherell" class="citation web cs1">Wetherell, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003446/http://www.wetherellart.co.uk/pages/sculpture_clockwork.html">"Clockwork Universe"</a>. Tim Wetherell. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wetherellart.co.uk/pages/sculpture_clockwork.html">the original</a> on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tim+Wetherell&rft.atitle=Clockwork+Universe&rft.aulast=Wetherell&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wetherellart.co.uk%2Fpages%2Fsculpture_clockwork.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaddeoMiller2013" class="citation book cs1">Taddeo, Julie Anne; Miller, Cynthia J. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/183386586">Steaming into a Victorian future : a steampunk anthology</a>. Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8586-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8586-8"><bdi>978-0-8108-8586-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807082411/https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/183386586">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2019-01-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steaming+into+a+Victorian+future+%3A+a+steampunk+anthology&rft.pub=Lanham%2C+Md.+%3A+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-8586-8&rft.aulast=Taddeo&rft.aufirst=Julie+Anne&rft.au=Miller%2C+Cynthia+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fversion%2F183386586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120908060752/http://www.regretsy.com/category/not-remotely-steampunk/">"Not Remotely Steampunk"</a>. Regretsy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regretsy.com/category/not-remotely-steampunk/">the original</a> on September 8, 2012. Retrieved Aug 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Not+Remotely+Steampunk&rft.pub=Regretsy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regretsy.com%2Fcategory%2Fnot-remotely-steampunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPikedevant2011" class="citation web cs1">Pikedevant (Nov 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFCuE5rHbPA">"Just Glue Some Gears On It (And Call It Steampunk)"</a>. Youtube. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/TFCuE5rHbPA">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved December 4, 2011. <q>From the video's comments: 'This is Datamancer, the steampunk keyboard guy, and I approve of this video wholeheartedly. In fact, we make this joke at the workshop almost daily. "I can't figure out how to finish off this edge". "Just glue some gears to it and call it done" haha. Well-made song and video.' – Datamancer. 'Glad to see a new contender for the chap-hop crown, and such a relevant message. I love it!' – Unwoman. 'Professor Elemental here, Just wanted to give this my most hearty applause. A fine, fine song by a true gentleman.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Just+Glue+Some+Gears+On+It+%28And+Call+It+Steampunk%29&rft.pub=Youtube&rft.date=2011-11-29&rft.au=Pikedevant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DTFCuE5rHbPA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/oxford/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8325000/8325994.stm">"The Steampunk movement in Oxford"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Oct 26, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410185509/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/oxford/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8325000/8325994.stm">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2016. Retrieved Apr 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Steampunk+movement+in+Oxford&rft.date=2009-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Foxford%2Fhi%2Fpeople_and_places%2Farts_and_culture%2Fnewsid_8325000%2F8325994.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/steampunk/">"Steampunk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_History_of_Science,_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the History of Science, Oxford">Museum of the History of Science, Oxford</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831105940/http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/steampunk/">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-08-31. Retrieved 2009-08-28. <q>Imagine the technology of today with the aesthetic of Victorian science.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk&rft.pub=Museum+of+the+History+of+Science%2C+Oxford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhs.ox.ac.uk%2Fsteampunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2009" class="citation news cs1">Ward, Mark (November 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8376028.stm">"Tech Know: Fast forward to the past"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091203044804/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8376028.stm">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2009. Retrieved November 30, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tech+Know%3A+Fast+forward+to+the+past&rft.date=2009-11-30&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Ftechnology%2F8376028.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114015359/http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/press-releases/2012/9/tourism-news_lonely-planet-new-zealand-2012.cfm">"Lonely Planet launches latest New Zealand guide (2012, Steampunk HQ one of author's top 12 recommendations)"</a>. New Zealand Government official tourism website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/press-releases/2012/9/tourism-news_lonely-planet-new-zealand-2012.cfm">the original</a> on November 14, 2012. Retrieved Mar 21, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lonely+Planet+launches+latest+New+Zealand+guide+%282012%2C+Steampunk+HQ+one+of+author%27s+top+12+recommendations%29&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Government+official+tourism+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newzealand.com%2Ftravel%2Fmedia%2Fpress-releases%2F2012%2F9%2Ftourism-news_lonely-planet-new-zealand-2012.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/201822049/oamaru-steampunk-capital-of-the-world">Oamaru - steampunk capital of the world</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111055226/https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/201822049/oamaru-steampunk-capital-of-the-world">Archived</a> 2022-01-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>, 1 November 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Roy, E. A., "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/30/new-zealand-town-oamaru-steampunk-capital-of-the-world">How an ordinary New Zealand town became steampunk capital of the world</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111055219/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/30/new-zealand-town-oamaru-steampunk-capital-of-the-world">Archived</a> 2022-01-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 30 August 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150620052459/http://www.modvic.com/">"ModVic | Steampunk Museum Art & Residential and Commercial DesignModvic"</a>. Jun 20, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modvic.com/">the original</a> on June 20, 2015. Retrieved Apr 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ModVic+%26%23124%3B+Steampunk+Museum+Art+%26+Residential+and+Commercial+DesignModvic&rft.date=2015-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modvic.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Villager1-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Villager1_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villager1_74-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiffler2012" class="citation news cs1">Stiffler, Scott (January 19, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thevillager.com/2012/01/19/steampunk-the-victorian-future-is-now/">"Steampunk: The Victorian future is now"</a>. the Villager. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130902060348/http://thevillager.com/2012/01/19/steampunk-the-victorian-future-is-now/">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Villager&rft.atitle=Steampunk%3A+The+Victorian+future+is+now&rft.date=2012-01-19&rft.aulast=Stiffler&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthevillager.com%2F2012%2F01%2F19%2Fsteampunk-the-victorian-future-is-now%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tor.com/blogs/2011/12/mobilis-in-mobili">"Mobilis in Mobili Art Exhibit Gives Steampunks Some New Ink to Spill"</a>. Tor.com. Dec 2, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820150452/http://www.tor.com/blogs/2011/12/mobilis-in-mobili">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved Aug 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mobilis+in+Mobili+Art+Exhibit+Gives+Steampunks+Some+New+Ink+to+Spill&rft.pub=Tor.com&rft.date=2011-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2Fblogs%2F2011%2F12%2Fmobilis-in-mobili&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whiskyshow.com/london/exhibitors/22840/the-oxford-artisan-distillery/">"Exhibitor: The Oxford Artisan Distillery"</a>. Whisky Show. London: The Whisky Exchange. October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211004141001/https://whiskyshow.com/london/exhibitors/22840/the-oxford-artisan-distillery/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whisky+Show&rft.atitle=Exhibitor%3A+The+Oxford+Artisan+Distillery&rft.date=2021-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhiskyshow.com%2Flondon%2Fexhibitors%2F22840%2Fthe-oxford-artisan-distillery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2009" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Jean (2009). Steampunk Style Jewelry: A Maker's Collection of Victorian, Fantasy, and Mechanical Designs. Minneapolis, Minnesota: <a href="/wiki/Creative_Publishing_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative Publishing International">Creative Publishing International</a>. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58923-475-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58923-475-8"><bdi>978-1-58923-475-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Style+Jewelry%3A+A+Maker%27s+Collection+of+Victorian%2C+Fantasy%2C+and+Mechanical+Designs&rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+Minnesota&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Creative+Publishing+International&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58923-475-8&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902004844/https://theurbancrew.com/blogs/fashion-trends/steampunk-sunglasses">"Steampunk Sunglasses – All you need to know!"</a>. The Urban Crew. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theurbancrew.com/blogs/fashion-trends/steampunk-sunglasses">the original</a> on September 2, 2017. Retrieved Jul 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Urban+Crew&rft.atitle=Steampunk+Sunglasses+%E2%80%93+All+you+need+to+know%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheurbancrew.com%2Fblogs%2Ffashion-trends%2Fsteampunk-sunglasses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poeter-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poeter_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poeter_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poeter_79-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamon_Poeter2008" class="citation news cs1">Damon Poeter (July 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/06/LVL211GOO2.DTL">"Steampunk's subculture revealed"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080730235507/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F07%2F06%2FLVL211GOO2.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2008. Retrieved September 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Steampunk%27s+subculture+revealed&rft.date=2008-07-06&rft.au=Damon+Poeter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F07%2F06%2FLVL211GOO2.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rowe-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowe2008" class="citation web cs1">Rowe, Andrew Ross (September 29, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211231722/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1595812/steampunk-subculture-looks-poised-move-above-ground.jhtml">"What Is Steampunk? A Subculture Infiltrating Films, Music, Fashion, More"</a>. MTV. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1595812/20080929/index.jhtml">the original</a> on February 11, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Is+Steampunk%3F+A+Subculture+Infiltrating+Films%2C+Music%2C+Fashion%2C+More&rft.pub=MTV&rft.date=2008-09-29&rft.aulast=Rowe&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Ross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1595812%2F20080929%2Findex.jhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092026/http://steampunkjournal.org/2014/02/20/steampunk-couture/">"Company Spotlight: Steampunk Couture"</a>. Steampunk Journal. Feb 20, 2014. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved Apr 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Company+Spotlight%3A+Steampunk+Couture&rft.pub=Steampunk+Journal&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsteampunkjournal.org%2F2014%2F02%2F20%2Fsteampunk-couture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahncke" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Dahncke, Pasha Ray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207043425/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/40120.wss">"IBM Social Sentiment Index Predicts New Retail Trend in the Making"</a> (Press release). IBM. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/40120.wss">the original</a> on 7 February 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Social+Sentiment+Index+Predicts+New+Retail+Trend+in+the+Making&rft.pub=IBM&rft.aulast=Dahncke&rft.aufirst=Pasha+Ray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-03.ibm.com%2Fpress%2Fus%2Fen%2Fpressrelease%2F40120.wss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_83-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkarda2013" class="citation news cs1">Skarda, Erin (Jan 17, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://style.time.com/2013/01/17/will-steampunk-really-be-the-next-big-fashion-trend/">"Will Steampunk Really Be the Next Big Fashion Trend?"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307120643/http://style.time.com/2013/01/17/will-steampunk-really-be-the-next-big-fashion-trend/">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2013. Retrieved Feb 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Will+Steampunk+Really+Be+the+Next+Big+Fashion+Trend%3F&rft.date=2013-01-17&rft.aulast=Skarda&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstyle.time.com%2F2013%2F01%2F17%2Fwill-steampunk-really-be-the-next-big-fashion-trend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStubby_the_Rocket2012" class="citation web cs1">Stubby the Rocket (June 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211111549/http://www.tor.com/blogs/2013/11/sci-fi-actors-wearing-steampunk-clothes-designed-by-prada">"Sci-Fi Actors Wearing Steampunk Clothes Designed by Prada"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tor.com/blogs/2013/11/sci-fi-actors-wearing-steampunk-clothes-designed-by-prada">the original</a> on December 11, 2013. Retrieved Mar 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sci-Fi+Actors+Wearing+Steampunk+Clothes+Designed+by+Prada&rft.date=2012-06-25&rft.au=Stubby+the+Rocket&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2Fblogs%2F2013%2F11%2Fsci-fi-actors-wearing-steampunk-clothes-designed-by-prada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCicatrix132013" class="citation web cs1">Cicatrix13 (Mar 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steampunkworkshop.com/steampunk-couture-hot-runway-and-were-not-talking-airships">"Steampunk Couture Hot on the Runway (and We're Not Talking Airships)"</a>. Steampunk Workshop. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329155404/http://steampunkworkshop.com/steampunk-couture-hot-runway-and-were-not-talking-airships">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Couture+Hot+on+the+Runway+%28and+We%27re+Not+Talking+Airships%29&rft.pub=Steampunk+Workshop&rft.date=2013-03-06&rft.au=Cicatrix13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsteampunkworkshop.com%2Fsteampunk-couture-hot-runway-and-were-not-talking-airships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.threadsmagazine.com/item/35702/under-the-gunn-episode-7-steampunk-chic/page/all">"Under the Gunn, Episode 7: "Steampunk Chic""</a>. Threads Magazine. Mar 6, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329155702/https://www.threadsmagazine.com/item/35702/under-the-gunn-episode-7-steampunk-chic/page/all">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Under+the+Gunn%2C+Episode+7%3A+%22Steampunk+Chic%22&rft.pub=Threads+Magazine&rft.date=2014-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.threadsmagazine.com%2Fitem%2F35702%2Funder-the-gunn-episode-7-steampunk-chic%2Fpage%2Fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lacedandwaisted.blogspot.com/2012/09/americas-next-top-model-goes-steampunk.html">"America's Next Top Model goes STEAMPUNK"</a>. LacedAndWaisted. September 30, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016034838/http://lacedandwaisted.blogspot.com/2012/09/americas-next-top-model-goes-steampunk.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=America%27s+Next+Top+Model+goes+STEAMPUNK&rft.pub=LacedAndWaisted&rft.date=2012-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flacedandwaisted.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F09%2Famericas-next-top-model-goes-steampunk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heliograph.com/space1889">"Heliograph's Space 1889 Resource Site"</a>. Heliograph, Inc. Jun 30, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123092802/http://heliograph.com/space1889/">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved Nov 29, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heliograph%27s+Space+1889+Resource+Site&rft.pub=Heliograph%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2010-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heliograph.com%2Fspace1889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCsicsery-Ronay1997" class="citation journal cs1">Csicsery-Ronay, Istvan (March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/reviews_pages/r71.htm">"Istvan Csicsery-Ronay, Jr. | The Critic"</a>. Science Fiction Studies (#71, Volume 24, Part 1). DePauw University, Greencastle Indiana: SF-TH Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090320180812/http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/reviews_pages/r71.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2009. Retrieved Nov 29, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Fiction+Studies&rft.atitle=Istvan+Csicsery-Ronay%2C+Jr.+%7C+The+Critic&rft.issue=%2371%2C+Volume+24%2C+Part+1&rft.date=1997-03&rft.aulast=Csicsery-Ronay&rft.aufirst=Istvan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.depauw.edu%2Fsfs%2Freviews_pages%2Fr71.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoctorow,_Cory2007" class="citation web cs1">Doctorow, Cory (July 8, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boingboing.net/2007/07/08/jay-lakes-mainspring.html">"Jay Lake's "Mainspring:" Clockpunk adventure"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080422172738/http://www.boingboing.net/2007/07/08/jay-lakes-mainspring.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jay+Lake%27s+%22Mainspring%3A%22+Clockpunk+adventure&rft.date=2007-07-08&rft.au=Doctorow%2C+Cory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boingboing.net%2F2007%2F07%2F08%2Fjay-lakes-mainspring.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddo2010" class="citation book cs1">Liddo, Annalisa Di (2010-01-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Alan_Moore/8wCbEM6obkQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Jess+Nevins+annotations+League+of+Extraordinary+Gentlemen&pg=PA36&printsec=frontcover">Alan Moore: Comics as Performance, Fiction as Scalpel</a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60473-476-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60473-476-8"><bdi>978-1-60473-476-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alan+Moore%3A+Comics+as+Performance%2C+Fiction+as+Scalpel&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2010-01-06&rft.isbn=978-1-60473-476-8&rft.aulast=Liddo&rft.aufirst=Annalisa+Di&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FAlan_Moore%2F8wCbEM6obkQC%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3DJess%2BNevins%2Bannotations%2BLeague%2Bof%2BExtraordinary%2BGentlemen%26pg%3DPA36%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling2013" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Sharon (February 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2013/feb/28/sharon-gosling-top-10-childrens-steampunk-books">"Sharon Gosling's top 10 children's steampunk books"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917065038/https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2013/feb/28/sharon-gosling-top-10-childrens-steampunk-books">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sharon+Gosling%27s+top+10+children%27s+steampunk+books&rft.date=2013-02-28&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fchildrens-books-site%2F2013%2Ffeb%2F28%2Fsharon-gosling-top-10-childrens-steampunk-books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzyrnyj2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Czyrnyj, Alasdair (November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%209.pdf">"Adventures at Armageddon; Review; Leviathan"</a> (PDF). Gatehouse Gazette. No. 9. pp. 10–11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728124050/https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%209.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=Adventures+at+Armageddon%3B+Review%3B+Leviathan&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=10-11&rft.date=2009-11&rft.aulast=Czyrnyj&rft.aufirst=Alasdair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2FGazette%2520-%25209.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2012" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Susan (2012-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-stefan-bachmann-20120923-story.html">"Not Just For Kids: 'The Peculiar' by Stefan Bachmann is a fantastical tale"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027083124/https://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-stefan-bachmann-20120923-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Not+Just+For+Kids%3A+%27The+Peculiar%27+by+Stefan+Bachmann+is+a+fantastical+tale&rft.date=2012-09-23&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbooks%2Fla-ca-stefan-bachmann-20120923-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbett2012" class="citation web cs1">Corbett, Sue (Sep 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-book-news/article/54166-what-s-new-in-ya-mashups.html">"What's New in YA? Mashups"</a>. PublishersWeekly.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026003218/http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-book-news/article/54166-what-s-new-in-ya-mashups.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2016. Retrieved Apr 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+New+in+YA%3F+Mashups&rft.pub=PublishersWeekly.com&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft.aulast=Corbett&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Fchildrens%2Fchildrens-book-news%2Farticle%2F54166-what-s-new-in-ya-mashups.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfx.co.uk/2011/11/27/meet-the-victorian-steampunk-society/">"Meet the Victorian Steampunk Society"</a>. SFX News. November 27, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111201013538/http://www.sfx.co.uk/2011/11/27/meet-the-victorian-steampunk-society/">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+Victorian+Steampunk+Society&rft.pub=SFX+News&rft.date=2011-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfx.co.uk%2F2011%2F11%2F27%2Fmeet-the-victorian-steampunk-society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMisra2014" class="citation web cs1">Misra, Ria (May 19, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/that-time-hellboy-got-steampunk-added-to-the-dictiona-1578661997">"That Time Hellboy Got "Steampunk" Added To The Dictionary"</a>. Gizmodo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728100003/https://io9.gizmodo.com/that-time-hellboy-got-steampunk-added-to-the-dictiona-1578661997">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=That+Time+Hellboy+Got+%22Steampunk%22+Added+To+The+Dictionary&rft.pub=Gizmodo&rft.date=2014-05-19&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=Ria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2Fthat-time-hellboy-got-steampunk-added-to-the-dictiona-1578661997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorehead2015" class="citation book cs1">Morehead, John W. (2015-05-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Supernatural_Cinema_of_Guillermo_del/4kq7CQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Hellboy+II+4900&pg=PA98&printsec=frontcover">The Supernatural Cinema of Guillermo del Toro: Critical Essays</a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2075-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2075-6"><bdi>978-1-4766-2075-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Supernatural+Cinema+of+Guillermo+del+Toro%3A+Critical+Essays&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2015-05-23&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-2075-6&rft.aulast=Morehead&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Supernatural_Cinema_of_Guillermo_del%2F4kq7CQAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3DHellboy%2BII%2B4900%26pg%3DPA98%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarger2013" class="citation book cs1">Barger, Andrew (2013). Mesaerion: The Best Science Fiction Short Stories 1800–1849. Bottletree Books Llc. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933747-49-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933747-49-1"><bdi>978-1-933747-49-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mesaerion%3A+The+Best+Science+Fiction+Short+Stories+1800%E2%80%931849&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Bottletree+Books+Llc&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-933747-49-1&rft.aulast=Barger&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rpg.net/reviews/archive/9/9134.phtml">"Skies of Arcadia review on RPGnet"</a>. RPG.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090323052846/http://www.rpg.net/reviews/archive/9/9134.phtml">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2009. Retrieved September 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Skies+of+Arcadia+review+on+RPGnet&rft.pub=RPG.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpg.net%2Freviews%2Farchive%2F9%2F9134.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090217160302/http://dailygame.net/news/archives/005141.php">"Rise of legends as steampunk video game"</a>. Dailygame.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailygame.net/news/archives/005141.php">the original</a> on February 17, 2009. Retrieved September 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rise+of+legends+as+steampunk+video+game&rft.pub=Dailygame.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailygame.net%2Fnews%2Farchives%2F005141.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXerin2010" class="citation web cs1">Xerin (March 9, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tentonhammer.com/wow/lore/steampunk-paradise">"WoW: Loremaster's Corner #5: A Steampunk Paradise"</a>. Ten Ton Hammer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100715110527/http://www.tentonhammer.com/wow/lore/steampunk-paradise">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010. <q>World of Warcraft is almost a steampunk paradise if you look at the various technological advancements the gnomes have made. Most engines are powered by steam and there are giant airships floating around everywhere.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WoW%3A+Loremaster%27s+Corner+%235%3A+A+Steampunk+Paradise&rft.pub=Ten+Ton+Hammer&rft.date=2010-03-09&rft.au=Xerin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tentonhammer.com%2Fwow%2Flore%2Fsteampunk-paradise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Lore:Dwemer_Animunculi">"Lore:Dwemer Animunculi – The Unofficial Elder Scrolls Pages"</a>. UESP. Apr 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128215429/http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Lore:Dwemer_Animunculi">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2016. Retrieved Jun 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lore%3ADwemer+Animunculi+%E2%80%93+The+Unofficial+Elder+Scrolls+Pages&rft.pub=UESP&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uesp.net%2Fwiki%2FLore%3ADwemer_Animunculi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neo_Steam-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Neo_Steam_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neo_Steam_104-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819032506/http://my.mmosite.com/1424882/blog/item/unprecedented_level_of_game_service_operation_from_steampunk_mmorpg_neo_steam.html">"Unprecedented level of game service operation' from Steampunk MMORPG Neo Steam"</a>. June 29, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.mmosite.com/1424882/blog/item/unprecedented_level_of_game_service_operation_from_steampunk_mmorpg_neo_steam.html">the original</a> on August 19, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unprecedented+level+of+game+service+operation%27+from+Steampunk+MMORPG+Neo+Steam&rft.date=2008-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.mmosite.com%2F1424882%2Fblog%2Fitem%2Funprecedented_level_of_game_service_operation_from_steampunk_mmorpg_neo_steam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavia2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Davia, Lorenzo (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%2016.pdf">"Magico Vento"</a> (PDF). Gatehouse Gazette. No. 16. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728091930/https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%2016.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=Magico+Vento&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=17&rft.date=2011-01&rft.aulast=Davia&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2FGazette%2520-%252016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinkade2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Kinkade, Scott (August 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/2013/08/book-review-dead-iron-the-age-of-steam/">"Dead Iron – Book Review"</a>. Gatehouse Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728130143/https://neverwasmag.com/2013/08/book-review-dead-iron-the-age-of-steam/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=Dead+Iron+%E2%80%93+Book+Review&rft.date=2013-08-10&rft.aulast=Kinkade&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2F2013%2F08%2Fbook-review-dead-iron-the-age-of-steam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson-Brown2008" class="citation news cs1">Richardson-Brown, James (2008). "Steampunk – What's That All About". The Chronicles. Vol. 2, no. 9. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicles&rft.atitle=Steampunk+%E2%80%93+What%27s+That+All+About&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Richardson-Brown&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Todd_McCarthy" title="Todd McCarthy">McCarthy, Todd</a> (August 18, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090823010822/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117940840.html?categoryid=31&cs=1">"9 Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117940840.html?categoryid=31&cs=1">the original</a> on August 23, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=9+Review&rft.date=2009-08-18&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.variety.com%2Freview%2FVE1117940840.html%3Fcategoryid%3D31%26cs%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLathamGuffeyLemay2014" class="citation book cs1">Latham, Rob; Guffey, Elizabeth; Lemay, Kate C. (Nov 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838844.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199838844-e-42">"Retrofuturism and Steampunk"</a>. The Oxford Handbook of Science Fiction. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199838844.013.0034">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838844.013.0034</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983884-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983884-4"><bdi>978-0-19-983884-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180131201102/http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838844.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199838844-e-42">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Retrofuturism+and+Steampunk&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Science+Fiction&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199838844.013.0034&rft.isbn=978-0-19-983884-4&rft.aulast=Latham&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft.au=Guffey%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Lemay%2C+Kate+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordhandbooks.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199838844.001.0001%2Foxfordhb-9780199838844-e-42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://infinitesteampunk.com/blogs/steampunk-blog/the-clockwork-of-progress-the-victorian-era-unwound">"The Clockwork of Progress: The Victorian Era Unwound"</a>. Infinite Steampunk. 2024-02-15. Retrieved 2024-08-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infinite+Steampunk&rft.atitle=The+Clockwork+of+Progress%3A+The+Victorian+Era+Unwound&rft.date=2024-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfinitesteampunk.com%2Fblogs%2Fsteampunk-blog%2Fthe-clockwork-of-progress-the-victorian-era-unwound&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson" class="citation web cs1">Hudson, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120161845/http://www.zone-sf.com/difengine.html">"(Review of) The Difference Engine"</a>. The Zone. Pigasus Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zone-sf.com/difengine.html">the original</a> on November 20, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Zone&rft.atitle=%28Review+of%29+The+Difference+Engine&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zone-sf.com%2Fdifengine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> School Library Journal,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leviathan00west_0">Laviathan</a>. Simon Pulse. Oct 6, 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4169-7173-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4169-7173-3"><bdi>978-1-4169-7173-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved Aug 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laviathan&rft.pub=Simon+Pulse&rft.date=2009-10-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4169-7173-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleviathan00west_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertschy2004" class="citation news cs1">Bertschy, Zac (July 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/steamboy">"Steamboy"</a>. Anime News Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140415180553/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/steamboy">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anime+News+Network&rft.atitle=Steamboy&rft.date=2004-07-21&rft.aulast=Bertschy&rft.aufirst=Zac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Freview%2Fsteamboy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldropPerson2004" class="citation web cs1">Waldrop, Howard; Person, Lawrence (October 13, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://locusmag.com/2004/Reviews/10_WaldropPerson_Verne.html">"The Fabulous World of Jules Verne"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Locus_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Locus Online">Locus Online</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511234309/http://www.locusmag.com/2004/Reviews/10_WaldropPerson_Verne.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fabulous+World+of+Jules+Verne&rft.pub=Locus+Online&rft.date=2004-10-13&rft.aulast=Waldrop&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.au=Person%2C+Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flocusmag.com%2F2004%2FReviews%2F10_WaldropPerson_Verne.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-matronline-115"><a href="#cite_ref-matronline_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221090854/https://matrix-online.net/bsfa/website/matrixonline/Matrix_Features_3.aspx">"The news and media magazine of the British Science Fiction Association"</a>. Matrix Online. June 30, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.matrix-online.net/bsfa/website/matrixonline/Matrix_Features_3.aspx">the original</a> on February 21, 2009. Retrieved February 13, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+news+and+media+magazine+of+the+British+Science+Fiction+Association&rft.pub=Matrix+Online&rft.date=2008-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.matrix-online.net%2Fbsfa%2Fwebsite%2Fmatrixonline%2FMatrix_Features_3.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2003" class="citation web cs1">Ward, Cynthia (August 20, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/2003/Reviews/Ward08_Miyazaki.html">"Hayao Miyazaki: The Greatest Fantasy Director You Never Heard Of?"</a>. Locus Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090807064942/http://www.locusmag.com/2003/Reviews/Ward08_Miyazaki.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hayao+Miyazaki%3A+The+Greatest+Fantasy+Director+You+Never+Heard+Of%3F&rft.pub=Locus+Online&rft.date=2003-08-20&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.locusmag.com%2F2003%2FReviews%2FWard08_Miyazaki.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayden2002" class="citation news cs1">Hayden, Tom (September 3, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051216170108/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/020826/archive_022363_5.htm">"Gotcha!"</a>. U.S. News & World Report. p. 39. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/020826/archive_022363_5.htm">the original</a> on December 16, 2005. Retrieved January 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Gotcha%21&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2002-09-03&rft.aulast=Hayden&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fusnews%2Fculture%2Farticles%2F020826%2Farchive_022363_5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuinanBennett2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Guinan" title="Paul Guinan">Guinan, Paul</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anina_Bennett" title="Anina Bennett">Bennett, Anina</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KRtKPgAACAAJ">Boilerplate: History's Mechanical Marvel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Books" title="Abrams Books">Abrams Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-8950-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-8950-4"><bdi>978-0-8109-8950-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boilerplate%3A+History%27s+Mechanical+Marvel&rft.pub=Abrams+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-8950-4&rft.aulast=Guinan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Anina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKRtKPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omnivoracious.com/2009/04/a-preview-of-boilerplate-historys-mechanical-marvel.html">"A Preview of Boilerplate: History's Mechanical Marvel"</a>. Omnivoracious. Apr 29, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822034645/http://www.omnivoracious.com/2009/04/a-preview-of-boilerplate-historys-mechanical-marvel.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved Mar 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Preview+of+Boilerplate%3A+History%27s+Mechanical+Marvel&rft.pub=Omnivoracious&rft.date=2009-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omnivoracious.com%2F2009%2F04%2Fa-preview-of-boilerplate-historys-mechanical-marvel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements2022" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Clements" title="Jonathan Clements">Clements, Jonathan</a> (September 12, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/liu_ken">"Liu, Ken"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">Langford, David</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a> (4th ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221012190116/https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/liu_ken">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liu%2C+Ken&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.edition=4th&rft.date=2022-09-12&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fliu_ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMisra2015" class="citation news cs1">Misra, Ria (4 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/author-ken-liu-explains-silkpunk-to-us-1717812714">"Author Ken Liu Explains "Silkpunk" to Us"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Io9" title="Io9">io9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180109064416/https://io9.gizmodo.com/author-ken-liu-explains-silkpunk-to-us-1717812714">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=io9&rft.atitle=Author+Ken+Liu+Explains+%22Silkpunk%22+to+Us&rft.date=2015-07-04&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=Ria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2Fauthor-ken-liu-explains-silkpunk-to-us-1717812714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/fantastical-world-rooted-in-the-east">"J.Y. Yang's two novellas are like rojak, a surprisingly delicious blend of unexpected flavours"</a>. The Straits Times. 26 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306235336/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/fantastical-world-rooted-in-the-east">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=J.Y.+Yang%27s+two+novellas+are+like+rojak%2C+a+surprisingly+delicious+blend+of+unexpected+flavours&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Flifestyle%2Farts%2Ffantastical-world-rooted-in-the-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bookriot.com/what-is-silkpunk/">"Silkpunk: What It is and What It Definitely is Not"</a>. 4 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210807123855/https://bookriot.com/what-is-silkpunk/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silkpunk%3A+What+It+is+and+What+It+Definitely+is+Not&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbookriot.com%2Fwhat-is-silkpunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Price2012" class="citation news cs1">Simon Price (Mar 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-the-men-that-will-not-be-blamed-for-nothing-this-may-be-the-reason-leather-apron-7554544.html">"Album: The Men That Will Not Be Blamed for Nothing, This May Be the Reason (Leather Apron) – Reviews – Music"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-the-men-that-will-not-be-blamed-for-nothing-this-may-be-the-reason-leather-apron-7554544.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved Aug 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Album%3A+The+Men+That+Will+Not+Be+Blamed+for+Nothing%2C+This+May+Be+the+Reason+%28Leather+Apron%29+%E2%80%93+Reviews+%E2%80%93+Music&rft.date=2012-03-11&rft.au=Simon+Price&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Freviews%2Falbum-the-men-that-will-not-be-blamed-for-nothing-this-may-be-the-reason-leather-apron-7554544.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD.M.P.2010" class="citation news cs1">D.M.P. (Jan 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dmp.dreamwidth.org/9727.html">"Beyond Victoriana: #10 An Interview with Sunday Driver"</a>. Tales of the Urban Adventurer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191507/http://dmp.dreamwidth.org/9727.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tales+of+the+Urban+Adventurer&rft.atitle=Beyond+Victoriana%3A+%2310+An+Interview+with+Sunday+Driver&rft.date=2010-01-16&rft.au=D.M.P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdmp.dreamwidth.org%2F9727.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310161056/http://www.rue-morgue.com/mag_42.php">"Audio Drome Review: Dr. Steel"</a>. Rue Morgue Magazine, issue 42. November–December 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rue-morgue.com/mag_42.php">the original</a> (back issue) on March 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rue+Morgue+Magazine%2C+issue+42&rft.atitle=Audio+Drome+Review%3A+Dr.+Steel&rft.date=2004-11%2F2004-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rue-morgue.com%2Fmag_42.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScoggins" class="citation web cs1">Scoggins, Wesley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101227003408/http://www.indymogul.com/post/11836/interview-dr-phineas-waldolf-steel-mad-scientist">"Interview: Dr. Phineas Waldolf Steel, Mad Scientist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indy_Mogul" title="Indy Mogul">Indy Mogul</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indymogul.com/post/11836/interview-dr-phineas-waldolf-steel-mad-scientist">the original</a> on December 27, 2010. Retrieved August 29, 2009. <q>Many have mentioned your work in regards to Steampunk influenced bands like Abney Park (and for that matter the Steampunk "style" in general).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Dr.+Phineas+Waldolf+Steel%2C+Mad+Scientist&rft.pub=Indy+Mogul&rft.aulast=Scoggins&rft.aufirst=Wesley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indymogul.com%2Fpost%2F11836%2Finterview-dr-phineas-waldolf-steel-mad-scientist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404025621/http://steampunkbible.com/2012/04/in-memoriam-joshua-pfeiffer-interviews-paul-roland-part-i/">"In Memoriam: Joshua Pfeiffer interviews Paul Roland, Part I"</a>. The Steampunk Bible. April 12, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steampunkbible.com/2012/04/in-memoriam-joshua-pfeiffer-interviews-paul-roland-part-i">the original</a> on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Memoriam%3A+Joshua+Pfeiffer+interviews+Paul+Roland%2C+Part+I&rft.pub=The+Steampunk+Bible&rft.date=2012-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsteampunkbible.com%2F2012%2F04%2Fin-memoriam-joshua-pfeiffer-interviews-paul-roland-part-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurt_Andersen2012" class="citation news cs1">Kurt Andersen (6 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065637/http://www.pri.org/stories/arts-entertainment/music/music-festival-conference-set-to-celebrate-steampunk-11696.html">"Music festival, conference set to celebrate steampunk"</a>. Public Radio International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pri.org/stories/arts-entertainment/music/music-festival-conference-set-to-celebrate-steampunk-11696.html">the original</a> on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Music+festival%2C+conference+set+to+celebrate+steampunk&rft.date=2012-10-06&rft.au=Kurt+Andersen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pri.org%2Fstories%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-festival-conference-set-to-celebrate-steampunk-11696.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steamstock-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steamstock_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steamstock_130-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossmore2012" class="citation web cs1">Rossmore, Mark (September 10, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steampunk-music.com/article.cfm?a=82">"Steamstock: An Antiquarian Exposition"</a>. steampunk-music.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305023226/http://steampunk-music.com/article.cfm?a=82">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steamstock%3A+An+Antiquarian+Exposition&rft.pub=steampunk-music.com&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft.aulast=Rossmore&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsteampunk-music.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fa%3D82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126061702/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/22/idUS181362%2B22-Jun-2011%2BBW20110622">"Thomas Dolby Debuts The Floating City Transmedia Game"</a>. Reuters. Jun 22, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/22/idUS181362+22-Jun-2011+BW20110622">the original</a> on January 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Thomas+Dolby+Debuts+The+Floating+City+Transmedia+Game&rft.date=2011-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2011%2F06%2F22%2FidUS181362%2B22-Jun-2011%2BBW20110622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/evildaleks/detail.shtml">"BBC Doctor Who Classic Series"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106023449/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/evildaleks/detail.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Doctor+Who+Classic+Series&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fdoctorwho%2Fclassic%2Fepisodeguide%2Fevildaleks%2Fdetail.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tardisboard.proboards.com/thread/1396/season-14-wooden-console">"TARDIS builders"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712034209/http://tardisboard.proboards.com/thread/1396/season-14-wooden-console">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TARDIS+builders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftardisboard.proboards.com%2Fthread%2F1396%2Fseason-14-wooden-console&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thespinningimage.co.uk/cultfilms/displaycultfilm.asp?reviewid=12593">"Mysterious Castle in the Carpathians, the Review (1981)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191120005735/http://thespinningimage.co.uk/cultfilms/displaycultfilm.asp?reviewid=12593">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-20. Retrieved 2020-02-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mysterious+Castle+in+the+Carpathians%2C+the+Review+%281981%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespinningimage.co.uk%2Fcultfilms%2Fdisplaycultfilm.asp%3Freviewid%3D12593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Castle_in_the_Sky#Influences" title="Castle in the Sky">Castle in the Sky#Influences</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrillion2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Orillion, Andrew (June 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slantmagazine.com/house/2010/06/a-fistful-of-geek-a-look-back-at-the-adventures-of-brisco-county-jr/">"A Fistful of Geek: A Look Back at The Adventures of Brisco County Jr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slant_Magazine" title="Slant Magazine">Slant Magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203100737/http://www.slantmagazine.com/house/2010/06/a-fistful-of-geek-a-look-back-at-the-adventures-of-brisco-county-jr/">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slant+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Fistful+of+Geek%3A+A+Look+Back+at+The+Adventures+of+Brisco+County+Jr.&rft.date=2010-06-08&rft.aulast=Orillion&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slantmagazine.com%2Fhouse%2F2010%2F06%2Fa-fistful-of-geek-a-look-back-at-the-adventures-of-brisco-county-jr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephanie2009" class="citation web cs1">Stephanie (August 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709032830/http://closetscifigeek.com/2009/08/16/warehouse-13-steampunk-tv/">"Warehouse 13: Steampunk TV"</a>. closetscifigeek.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://closetscifigeek.com/2009/08/16/warehouse-13-steampunk-tv/">the original</a> on July 9, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=closetscifigeek.com&rft.atitle=Warehouse+13%3A+Steampunk+TV&rft.date=2009-08-16&rft.au=Stephanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclosetscifigeek.com%2F2009%2F08%2F16%2Fwarehouse-13-steampunk-tv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=AUNB&req_dat=2FC64405CDC9450D8CE0F660AE4E730F&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F1447DF1C08A921F0">"Steam Punks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mail_(Adelaide)" title="Sunday Mail (Adelaide)">Sunday Mail (Adelaide)</a>. 2013-02-17. Retrieved 2022-03-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Mail+%28Adelaide%29&rft.atitle=Steam+Punks&rft.date=2013-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fopenurl%3Fctx_ver%3Dz39.88-2004%26rft_id%3Dinfo%253Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com%26svc_dat%3DAUNB%26req_dat%3D2FC64405CDC9450D8CE0F660AE4E730F%26rft_val_format%3Dinfo%253Aofi%2Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx%26rft_dat%3Ddocument_id%253Anews%25252F1447DF1C08A921F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Jeannie-Mai-to-Host-GSN-New-Competition-Series-STEAMPUNKD-819-20150709">"Jeannie Mai to Host GSN New Competition Series STEAMPUNK'D, 8/19"</a>. Broadway World. Jul 9, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714043714/http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Jeannie-Mai-to-Host-GSN-New-Competition-Series-STEAMPUNKD-819-20150709">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broadway+World&rft.atitle=Jeannie+Mai+to+Host+GSN+New+Competition+Series+STEAMPUNK%27D%2C+8%2F19&rft.date=2015-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Fbwwtv%2Farticle%2FJeannie-Mai-to-Host-GSN-New-Competition-Series-STEAMPUNKD-819-20150709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStubbs2021" class="citation web cs1">Stubbs, Dan (January 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/en_asia/reviews/tv-reviews/disenchantment-season-3-review-netflix-2854203">"'Disenchantment' season three review: Matt Groening's swords-and-swigging sitcom loses the plot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116172752/https://www.nme.com/en_asia/reviews/tv-reviews/disenchantment-season-3-review-netflix-2854203">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=%27Disenchantment%27+season+three+review%3A+Matt+Groening%27s+swords-and-swigging+sitcom+loses+the+plot&rft.date=2021-01-11&rft.aulast=Stubbs&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fen_asia%2Freviews%2Ftv-reviews%2Fdisenchantment-season-3-review-netflix-2854203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCremona2021" class="citation web cs1">Cremona, Patrick (January 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/fantasy/2021-01-13/disenchantment-part-3-release-date/">"When is Disenchantment Part 3 released on Netflix? Everything you need to know"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122152233/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/fantasy/2021-01-13/disenchantment-part-3-release-date/">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Times&rft.atitle=When+is+Disenchantment+Part+3+released+on+Netflix%3F+Everything+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2021-01-13&rft.aulast=Cremona&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Ffantasy%2F2021-01-13%2Fdisenchantment-part-3-release-date%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison2019" class="citation web cs1">Morrison, Matt (September 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/disenchantment-season-2-ending-foreshadowing-early-episodes/">"Disenchantment Season 2's Ending Was Foreshadowed From The Start: Here's How"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930211856/https://screenrant.com/disenchantment-season-2-ending-foreshadowing-early-episodes/">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screen+Rant&rft.atitle=Disenchantment+Season+2%27s+Ending+Was+Foreshadowed+From+The+Start%3A+Here%27s+How&rft.date=2019-09-28&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Fdisenchantment-season-2-ending-foreshadowing-early-episodes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurthi2019" class="citation web cs1">Murthi, Vikram (September 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/disenchantment-goes-all-steampunk-in-the-penultimate-ep-1838334512">"Disenchantment goes all steampunk in the penultimate episode of the season"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230165108/https://tv.avclub.com/disenchantment-goes-all-steampunk-in-the-penultimate-ep-1838334512">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screen+Rant&rft.atitle=Disenchantment+goes+all+steampunk+in+the+penultimate+episode+of+the+season&rft.date=2019-09-22&rft.aulast=Murthi&rft.aufirst=Vikram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Fdisenchantment-goes-all-steampunk-in-the-penultimate-ep-1838334512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElderkin2019" class="citation web cs1">Elderkin, Beth (September 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/some-of-disenchantment-part-2s-coolest-teasers-nods-a-1838249940">"Some of Disenchantment Part 2's Coolest Teasers, Nods, and Easter Eggs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023225/https://io9.gizmodo.com/some-of-disenchantment-part-2s-coolest-teasers-nods-a-1838249940">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=Some+of+Disenchantment+Part+2%27s+Coolest+Teasers%2C+Nods%2C+and+Easter+Eggs&rft.date=2019-09-23&rft.aulast=Elderkin&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2Fsome-of-disenchantment-part-2s-coolest-teasers-nods-a-1838249940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings2020" class="citation web cs1">Jennings, Collier (December 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/netflix-disenchantment-part-3-trailer-reveals-release-date/">"Netflix's Disenchantment Part 3 Trailer Reveals Release Date"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">CBR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219191654/https://www.cbr.com/netflix-disenchantment-part-3-trailer-reveals-release-date/">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBR&rft.atitle=Netflix%27s+Disenchantment+Part+3+Trailer+Reveals+Release+Date&rft.date=2020-12-16&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Collier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Fnetflix-disenchantment-part-3-trailer-reveals-release-date%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin2021" class="citation web cs1">Griffin, David (January 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/disenchantment-season-3-review-netflix-matt-groening">"Disenchantment: Season 3 Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116013842/https://www.ign.com/articles/disenchantment-season-3-review-netflix-matt-groening">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Disenchantment%3A+Season+3+Review&rft.date=2021-01-15&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2Fdisenchantment-season-3-review-netflix-matt-groening&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiptak2020" class="citation web cs1">Liptak, Andrew (December 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tor.com/2020/12/16/disenchantment-netflix-matt-groenig-trailer-watch/">"Netflix's Disenchantment Returns in January"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tor.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor.com">Tor.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201216161959/https://www.tor.com/2020/12/16/disenchantment-netflix-matt-groenig-trailer-watch/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tor.com&rft.atitle=Netflix%27s+Disenchantment+Returns+in+January&rft.date=2020-12-16&rft.aulast=Liptak&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2F2020%2F12%2F16%2Fdisenchantment-netflix-matt-groenig-trailer-watch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIde2024" class="citation news cs1">Ide, Wendy (2024-01-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/jan/14/poor-things-review-yorgos-lanthimos-emma-stone-frankenstein">"Poor Things review – Emma Stone transfixes in Yorgos Lanthimos's thrilling carnival of oddness"</a>. the Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 2024-09-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Poor+Things+review+%E2%80%93+Emma+Stone+transfixes+in+Yorgos+Lanthimos%27s+thrilling+carnival+of+oddness&rft.date=2024-01-14&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Ide&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2024%2Fjan%2F14%2Fpoor-things-review-yorgos-lanthimos-emma-stone-frankenstein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://infinitesteampunk.com/blogs/steampunk-blog/steampunk-in-video-games">"Steampunk in Video Games"</a>. Infinite Steampunk. 2024-02-20. Retrieved 2024-08-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infinite+Steampunk&rft.atitle=Steampunk+in+Video+Games&rft.date=2024-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfinitesteampunk.com%2Fblogs%2Fsteampunk-blog%2Fsteampunk-in-video-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitmap-brothers.co.uk/our-games/past/chaos-engine.htm">"The Chaos Engine"</a>. The Bitmap Brothers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518024253/http://www.bitmap-brothers.co.uk/our-games/past/chaos-engine.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved Aug 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chaos+Engine&rft.pub=The+Bitmap+Brothers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bitmap-brothers.co.uk%2Four-games%2Fpast%2Fchaos-engine.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-whalepunk-153"><a href="#cite_ref-whalepunk_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillier2016" class="citation web cs1">Hillier, Brenna (23 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vg247.com/2016/11/23/celebrating-dishonored-2s-stylish-whalepunk-art/">"Celebrating Dishonored 2's stylish, "whalepunk" art"</a>. <a href="/wiki/VG247" class="mw-redirect" title="VG247">VG247</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201006084249/https://www.vg247.com/2016/11/23/celebrating-dishonored-2s-stylish-whalepunk-art/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VG247&rft.atitle=Celebrating+Dishonored+2%27s+stylish%2C+%22whalepunk%22+art&rft.date=2016-11-23&rft.aulast=Hillier&rft.aufirst=Brenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg247.com%2F2016%2F11%2F23%2Fcelebrating-dishonored-2s-stylish-whalepunk-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalk2016" class="citation web cs1">Chalk, Andy (5 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcgamer.com/dishonored-2-trailer-examines-the-making-of-karnaca/">"Dishonored 2 trailer examines the making of Karnaca"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PC_Gamer" title="PC Gamer">PC Gamer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221109050813/https://www.pcgamer.com/dishonored-2-trailer-examines-the-making-of-karnaca/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Dishonored+2+trailer+examines+the+making+of+Karnaca&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.aulast=Chalk&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fdishonored-2-trailer-examines-the-making-of-karnaca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttens2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Ottens, Nick (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%2016.pdf">"BioShock Infinite"</a> (PDF). Gatehouse Gazette. No. 16. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728091930/https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%2016.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=BioShock+Infinite&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2011-01&rft.aulast=Ottens&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2FGazette%2520-%252016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaye2008" class="citation web cs1">Kaye, Marco (July 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080804235630/http://www.mcsweeneys.net/links/monologues/25steampunk.html">"Mom, Dad, I'm Into Steampunk"</a>. McSweeney's.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcsweeneys.net/links/monologues/25steampunk.html">the original</a> on August 4, 2008. Retrieved August 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mom%2C+Dad%2C+I%27m+Into+Steampunk&rft.pub=McSweeney%27s.net&rft.date=2008-07-25&rft.aulast=Kaye&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcsweeneys.net%2Flinks%2Fmonologues%2F25steampunk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRauchfuss,_Marcus2008" class="citation web cs1">Rauchfuss, Marcus (July 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531032150/http://www.dailysteampunk.com/Steampunk%20Aesthetics.html">"Steampunk Aesthetics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailysteampunk.com/Steampunk%20Aesthetics.html">the original</a> on May 31, 2008. Retrieved February 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Aesthetics&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft.au=Rauchfuss%2C+Marcus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysteampunk.com%2FSteampunk%2520Aesthetics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiss_Jessica_Rose2013" class="citation web cs1">Miss Jessica Rose (November 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pastbooks.wordpress.com/2013/11/05/so-what-is-neo-victorianism/">"So what is neo-Victorianism? A working definition. | Past Books"</a>. Pastbooks.wordpress.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119120933/https://pastbooks.wordpress.com/2013/11/05/so-what-is-neo-victorianism/">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=So+what+is+neo-Victorianism%3F+A+working+definition.+%26%23124%3B+Past+Books&rft.pub=Pastbooks.wordpress.com&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.au=Miss+Jessica+Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpastbooks.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F11%2F05%2Fso-what-is-neo-victorianism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraiker2007" class="citation web cs1">Braiker, Brian (October 30, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/steampunks-twist-tech-102747">"Steampunk's Twist on Tech"</a>. Newsweek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707073047/http://www.newsweek.com/steampunks-twist-tech-102747">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Steampunk%27s+Twist+on+Tech&rft.date=2007-10-30&rft.aulast=Braiker&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fsteampunks-twist-tech-102747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020155343/http://comikazeexpo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Comikaze-Panel-Schedule-Saturday-9-1.15.121.pdf">"Stan Lee's Comikaze Expo 2012 Panel Schedule, Saturday, September 15"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Comikaze_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Comikaze Expo">Comikaze Expo</a>. Sep 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comikazeexpo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Comikaze-Panel-Schedule-Saturday-9-1.15.121.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on October 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stan+Lee%27s+Comikaze+Expo+2012+Panel+Schedule%2C+Saturday%2C+September+15&rft.pub=Comikaze+Expo&rft.date=2012-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomikazeexpo.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F09%2FComikaze-Panel-Schedule-Saturday-9-1.15.121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProfessor_Elemental2012" class="citation web cs1">Professor Elemental (Oct 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tor.com/blogs/2012/10/professor-elemental-defines-steampunk-or-at-least-tries-to">"Professor Elemental Defines Steampunk (or, at Least Tries to)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tor.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor.com">Tor.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150409072133/http://www.tor.com/blogs/2012/10/professor-elemental-defines-steampunk-or-at-least-tries-to">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-04-09. Retrieved 2012-11-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Elemental+Defines+Steampunk+%28or%2C+at+Least+Tries+to%29&rft.pub=Tor.com&rft.date=2012-10&rft.au=Professor+Elemental&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2Fblogs%2F2012%2F10%2Fprofessor-elemental-defines-steampunk-or-at-least-tries-to&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwerlick2007" class="citation web cs1">Swerlick, Andrew (May 11, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071209175637/http://www.emorywheel.com/detail.php?n=24611">"Technology Gets Steampunk'd"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emorywheel.com/detail.php?n=24611">the original</a> on December 9, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technology+Gets+Steampunk%27d&rft.date=2007-05-11&rft.aulast=Swerlick&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emorywheel.com%2Fdetail.php%3Fn%3D24611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steampunk_Manifesto-163">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steampunk_Manifesto_163-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steampunk_Manifesto_163-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProf._Calamity2004" class="citation web cs1">Prof. Calamity (November 27, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prof-calamity.livejournal.com/277.html">"Steampunk Manifesto"</a>. LiveJournal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807204010/https://prof-calamity.livejournal.com/277.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Manifesto&rft.pub=LiveJournal&rft.date=2004-11-27&rft.au=Prof.+Calamity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprof-calamity.livejournal.com%2F277.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Killjoy-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Killjoy_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Killjoy_164-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilljoy2011" class="citation web cs1">Killjoy, Margaret (October 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tor.com/2011/10/03/steampunk-will-never-be-afraid-of-politics/">"Steampunk Will Never Be Afraid Of Politics"</a>. Tor.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807134517/https://www.tor.com/2011/10/03/steampunk-will-never-be-afraid-of-politics/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Will+Never+Be+Afraid+Of+Politics&rft.pub=Tor.com&rft.date=2011-10-03&rft.aulast=Killjoy&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2F2011%2F10%2F03%2Fsteampunk-will-never-be-afraid-of-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pho-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pho_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pho_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPho2012" class="citation cs2">Pho, Diana M. (Winter 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://overland.org.au/previous-issues/issue-207/feature-diana-m-pho/">"Leftist constructs"</a>, Overland (207), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807144817/https://overland.org.au/previous-issues/issue-207/feature-diana-m-pho/">archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020, retrieved Jul 28, 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Overland&rft.atitle=Leftist+constructs&rft.ssn=winter&rft.issue=207&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Pho&rft.aufirst=Diana+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foverland.org.au%2Fprevious-issues%2Fissue-207%2Ffeature-diana-m-pho%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2013" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Phenderson Djèlí (April 17, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://disgruntledharadrim.com/2013/04/17/radical-dirigibles-black-socialists-anarchists-reformers-and-airships/">"Radical Dirigibles – Black Socialists, Anarchists, Reformers and Airships"</a>. The Musings of a Disgruntled Haradrim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728131739/https://disgruntledharadrim.com/2013/04/17/radical-dirigibles-black-socialists-anarchists-reformers-and-airships/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radical+Dirigibles+%E2%80%93+Black+Socialists%2C+Anarchists%2C+Reformers+and+Airships&rft.pub=The+Musings+of+a+Disgruntled+Haradrim&rft.date=2013-04-17&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Phenderson+Dj%C3%A8l%C3%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdisgruntledharadrim.com%2F2013%2F04%2F17%2Fradical-dirigibles-black-socialists-anarchists-reformers-and-airships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoh2009" class="citation web cs1">Goh, Jaymee (October 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tor.com/2009/10/19/there-is-totally-punk-in-steampunk/">"There is Totally Punk in Steampunk"</a>. Tor.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807090422/https://www.tor.com/2009/10/19/there-is-totally-punk-in-steampunk/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=There+is+Totally+Punk+in+Steampunk&rft.pub=Tor.com&rft.date=2009-10-19&rft.aulast=Goh&rft.aufirst=Jaymee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2F2009%2F10%2F19%2Fthere-is-totally-punk-in-steampunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPagliassotti2009" class="citation web cs1">Pagliassotti, Dru (February 11, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drupagliassotti.com/2009/02/11/does-steampunk-have-politics/">"Does Steampunk Have Politics?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728122513/http://drupagliassotti.com/2009/02/11/does-steampunk-have-politics/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Does+Steampunk+Have+Politics%3F&rft.date=2009-02-11&rft.aulast=Pagliassotti&rft.aufirst=Dru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrupagliassotti.com%2F2009%2F02%2F11%2Fdoes-steampunk-have-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStross2010" class="citation web cs1">Stross, Charlie (October 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2010/10/the-hard-edge-of-empire.html">"The hard edge of empire"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701040907/http://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2010/10/the-hard-edge-of-empire.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+hard+edge+of+empire&rft.date=2010-10-27&rft.aulast=Stross&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antipope.org%2Fcharlie%2Fblog-static%2F2010%2F10%2Fthe-hard-edge-of-empire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2010" class="citation web cs1">Gross, Cory (August 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steampunkscholar.blogspot.com/2010/08/history-of-steampunk-by-cory-gross.html">"A History of Steampunk, by Cory Gross"</a>. Steampunk Scholar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807092726/http://steampunkscholar.blogspot.com/2010/08/history-of-steampunk-by-cory-gross.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Steampunk%2C+by+Cory+Gross&rft.pub=Steampunk+Scholar&rft.date=2010-08-27&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Cory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsteampunkscholar.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F08%2Fhistory-of-steampunk-by-cory-gross.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValente2007" class="citation web cs1">Valente, Catherynne M. (November 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeffvandermeer.com/2007/11/28/blowing-off-steam/">"Blowing Off Steam"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728120032/https://www.jeffvandermeer.com/2007/11/28/blowing-off-steam/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blowing+Off+Steam&rft.date=2007-11-28&rft.aulast=Valente&rft.aufirst=Catherynne+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeffvandermeer.com%2F2007%2F11%2F28%2Fblowing-off-steam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklinSchafer" class="citation web cs1">Franklin, Kate; Schafer, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301174950/http://parliamentandwake.com/veil/whysteampunkmatters/whysteampunkmatters.html">"Why Steampunk (still) Matters"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parliamentandwake.com/veil/whysteampunkmatters/whysteampunkmatters.html">the original</a> on March 1, 2012. Retrieved Jul 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Steampunk+%28still%29+Matters&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Schafer%2C+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparliamentandwake.com%2Fveil%2Fwhysteampunkmatters%2Fwhysteampunkmatters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisk2017" class="citation web cs1">Fisk, Eric Renderking (March 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefedorachronicles.com/rants/2017/requiem_for_steampunk.html">"Requiem for Steampunk"</a>. The Fedora Chronicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210707135805/https://thefedorachronicles.com/rants/2017/requiem_for_steampunk.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2021. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Requiem+for+Steampunk&rft.pub=The+Fedora+Chronicles&rft.date=2017-03-04&rft.aulast=Fisk&rft.aufirst=Eric+Renderking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefedorachronicles.com%2Frants%2F2017%2Frequiem_for_steampunk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttens2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Ottens, Nick (November 5, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/2010/11/get-your-punk-out-of-my-steam/">"Get Your Punk Out of My Steam"</a>. Gatehouse Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728135155/https://neverwasmag.com/2010/11/get-your-punk-out-of-my-steam/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=Get+Your+Punk+Out+of+My+Steam&rft.date=2010-11-05&rft.aulast=Ottens&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2F2010%2F11%2Fget-your-punk-out-of-my-steam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRauchfuß2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Rauchfuß, Marcus (October 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/2011/10/is-steampunk-radically-political/">"Is Steampunk Radically Political?"</a>. Gatehouse Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728111603/https://neverwasmag.com/2011/10/is-steampunk-radically-political/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=Is+Steampunk+Radically+Political%3F&rft.date=2011-10-20&rft.aulast=Rauchfu%C3%9F&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2F2011%2F10%2Fis-steampunk-radically-political%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Garcia, Chris (May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%2012.pdf">"The Steampunk Fandom"</a> (PDF). Gatehouse Gazette. No. 12. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728111607/https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%2012.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Steampunk+Fandom&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2010-05&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2FGazette%2520-%252012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttens2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Ottens, Nick (March 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/2018/03/punk-is-dead-long-live-steampunk/">"Punk Is Dead. Long Live Steampunk!"</a>. Gatehouse Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728131735/https://neverwasmag.com/2018/03/punk-is-dead-long-live-steampunk/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=Punk+Is+Dead.+Long+Live+Steampunk%21&rft.date=2018-03-31&rft.aulast=Ottens&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2F2018%2F03%2Fpunk-is-dead-long-live-steampunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeyvaert2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Heyvaert, Hilde (December 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/2011/12/a-rupture-between-continents/">"A Rupture Between Continents?"</a>. Gatehouse Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723044730/https://neverwasmag.com/2011/12/a-rupture-between-continents/">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=A+Rupture+Between+Continents%3F&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.aulast=Heyvaert&rft.aufirst=Hilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2F2011%2F12%2Fa-rupture-between-continents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodríguez2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Rodríguez, Araceli (March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%2019.pdf">"Iberoamerica: The Lost World"</a> (PDF). Gatehouse Gazette. No. 19. p. 18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728111843/https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%2019.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved Jul 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gatehouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=Iberoamerica%3A+The+Lost+World&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2011-03&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft.aufirst=Araceli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneverwasmag.com%2FGazette%2520-%252019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKriete2010" class="citation web cs1">Kriete, Evelyn (Oct 22, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tor.com/2010/10/22/the-steampunk-music-timeline/">"The Amazing Fantastic Steampunk Timeline of Music and Things"</a>. Tor.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129182103/https://www.tor.com/2010/10/22/the-steampunk-music-timeline/">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2019. Retrieved Jan 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tor.com&rft.atitle=The+Amazing+Fantastic+Steampunk+Timeline+of+Music+and+Things&rft.date=2010-10-22&rft.aulast=Kriete&rft.aufirst=Evelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2F2010%2F10%2F22%2Fthe-steampunk-music-timeline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lecaro-181">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lecaro_181-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lecaro_181-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLecaro2017" class="citation web cs1">Lecaro, Lina (Apr 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laweekly.com/music/club-monte-cristo-to-close-after-19-years-after-one-last-party-from-xian-vox-and-ladead-8091384">"The Monte Cristo, Longtime Home to Dark L.A. Nightlife, Is Closing Down"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LA_Weekly" title="LA Weekly">LA Weekly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129183859/https://www.laweekly.com/music/club-monte-cristo-to-close-after-19-years-after-one-last-party-from-xian-vox-and-ladead-8091384">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2019. Retrieved Jan 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LA+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Monte+Cristo%2C+Longtime+Home+to+Dark+L.A.+Nightlife%2C+Is+Closing+Down&rft.date=2017-04-04&rft.aulast=Lecaro&rft.aufirst=Lina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laweekly.com%2Fmusic%2Fclub-monte-cristo-to-close-after-19-years-after-one-last-party-from-xian-vox-and-ladead-8091384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhanesian2009" class="citation web cs1">Ohanesian, Liz (Jun 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laweekly.com/music/steampunk-industrial-complex-bridging-subcultures-at-malediction-society-2405248">"Steampunk Industrial Complex: Bridging Subcultures at Malediction Society"</a>. LA Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129182211/https://www.laweekly.com/music/steampunk-industrial-complex-bridging-subcultures-at-malediction-society-2405248">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2019. Retrieved Jan 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LA+Weekly&rft.atitle=Steampunk+Industrial+Complex%3A+Bridging+Subcultures+at+Malediction+Society&rft.date=2009-06-23&rft.aulast=Ohanesian&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laweekly.com%2Fmusic%2Fsteampunk-industrial-complex-bridging-subcultures-at-malediction-society-2405248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513210615/http://www.mtv.com/videos/news/280093/its-airships-pirates-and-goggles.jhtml#id=1595811">"Steampunk Infiltrates the Mainstream"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/videos/news/280093/its-airships-pirates-and-goggles.jhtml#id=1595811">the original</a> on May 13, 2013. Retrieved Feb 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MTV&rft.atitle=Steampunk+Infiltrates+the+Mainstream&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fvideos%2Fnews%2F280093%2Fits-airships-pirates-and-goggles.jhtml%23id%3D1595811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAy-leen_the_Peacemaker2013" class="citation web cs1">Ay-leen the Peacemaker (Jan 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tor.com/blogs/2013/01/steampunk-conventions-2013">"Gearing Up for 2013: A Steampunk Conventions Listing"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514001938/http://www.tor.com/blogs/2013/01/steampunk-conventions-2013">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gearing+Up+for+2013%3A+A+Steampunk+Conventions+Listing&rft.date=2013-01-10&rft.au=Ay-leen+the+Peacemaker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2Fblogs%2F2013%2F01%2Fsteampunk-conventions-2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatmaker2013" class="citation news cs1">Hatmaker, Julia (16 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pennlive.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2013/11/steampunk_unlimited_strasburg_1.html">"Strasburg Rail Road's Steampunk UnLimited draws more than 1,000 on its first day"</a>. PennLive. The Patriot-News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527020949/http://www.pennlive.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2013/11/steampunk_unlimited_strasburg_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PennLive&rft.atitle=Strasburg+Rail+Road%27s+Steampunk+UnLimited+draws+more+than+1%2C000+on+its+first+day&rft.date=2013-11-16&rft.aulast=Hatmaker&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pennlive.com%2Fentertainment%2Findex.ssf%2F2013%2F11%2Fsteampunk_unlimited_strasburg_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressherald.com/2019/08/01/steampunk-fair-returns-to-kennebunk-on-aug-10/">"Steampunk Fair returns to Kennebunk on Aug. 10"</a>. Portland Press Herald. 2019-08-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044520/https://www.pressherald.com/2019/08/01/steampunk-fair-returns-to-kennebunk-on-aug-10/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-12. Retrieved 2021-11-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portland+Press+Herald&rft.atitle=Steampunk+Fair+returns+to+Kennebunk+on+Aug.+10&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressherald.com%2F2019%2F08%2F01%2Fsteampunk-fair-returns-to-kennebunk-on-aug-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressherald.com/2020/07/23/southern-maine-steampunk-fair-moved-to-digital-format/">"Southern Maine Steampunk Fair moved to digital format"</a>. Portland Press Herald. 23 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044518/https://www.pressherald.com/2020/07/23/southern-maine-steampunk-fair-moved-to-digital-format/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portland+Press+Herald&rft.atitle=Southern+Maine+Steampunk+Fair+moved+to+digital+format&rft.date=2020-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressherald.com%2F2020%2F07%2F23%2Fsouthern-maine-steampunk-fair-moved-to-digital-format%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316040715/http://snowymountains.com.au/event?ev=5ad4e27a4023c8aa109829cd">"Steampunk At Altitude (2020)"</a>. Regional Tourism Organisation for the Snowy Mountains. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snowymountains.com.au/event?ev=5ad4e27a4023c8aa109829cd">the original</a> on March 16, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+At+Altitude+%282020%29&rft.pub=Regional+Tourism+Organisation+for+the+Snowy+Mountains&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnowymountains.com.au%2Fevent%3Fev%3D5ad4e27a4023c8aa109829cd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210104/http://frocktalk.com/?p=1237">"Comic Con: Day Three – Steampunks!"</a>. FrockTalk.com. July 28, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frocktalk.com/?p=1237">the original</a> on March 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comic+Con%3A+Day+Three+%E2%80%93+Steampunks%21&rft.pub=FrockTalk.com&rft.date=2009-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrocktalk.com%2F%3Fp%3D1237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022052805/http://www.laweekly.com/slideshow/san-diego-comic-con-2010-day-3-30647156/24/">"San Diego Comic-Con 2010 Day 3"</a>. LA Weekly. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laweekly.com/slideshow/san-diego-comic-con-2010-day-3-30647156/24/">the original</a> on October 22, 2013. Retrieved Jul 31, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LA+Weekly&rft.atitle=San+Diego+Comic-Con+2010+Day+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laweekly.com%2Fslideshow%2Fsan-diego-comic-con-2010-day-3-30647156%2F24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/9000/largest-gathering-of-steampunks">"Largest Gathering of Steampunks (2010)"</a>. Guinness World Records. Retrieved Jul 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Largest+Gathering+of+Steampunks+%282010%29&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2F9000%2Flargest-gathering-of-steampunks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130704181945/http://www.comic-con.org/toucan/comic-con-2013-t-shirts-revealed">"Comic-Con 2013 T-Shirts Revealed!"</a>. comic-con.org. July 1, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comic-con.org/toucan/comic-con-2013-t-shirts-revealed">the original</a> on July 4, 2013. Retrieved Jul 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comic-Con+2013+T-Shirts+Revealed%21&rft.pub=comic-con.org&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comic-con.org%2Ftoucan%2Fcomic-con-2013-t-shirts-revealed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122033110/http://www.chrononautclub.com/special.htm">"The League of Temporal Adventurers First Society Gala"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chrononautclub.com/special.htm">the original</a> on January 22, 2013. Retrieved Jul 29, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+League+of+Temporal+Adventurers+First+Society+Gala&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chrononautclub.com%2Fspecial.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhanesian2010" class="citation web cs1">Ohanesian, Liz (July 28, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100801062654/http://blogs.laweekly.com/stylecouncil/fandom/voltaire-comic-con-san-diego/">"Comic-Con Interview: Musician/Artist Voltaire is a Convention Renaissance Man"</a>. LA Weekly. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.laweekly.com/stylecouncil/fandom/voltaire-comic-con-san-diego/">the original</a> on August 1, 2010. Retrieved Jul 31, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LA+Weekly&rft.atitle=Comic-Con+Interview%3A+Musician%2FArtist+Voltaire+is+a+Convention+Renaissance+Man&rft.date=2010-07-28&rft.aulast=Ohanesian&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.laweekly.com%2Fstylecouncil%2Ffandom%2Fvoltaire-comic-con-san-diego%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323222230/http://img828.imageshack.us/img828/2092/26205610150364945442306.jpg">"Promotional poster for Comic Con's steampunk after-party, "The Time Machine""</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img828.imageshack.us/img828/2092/26205610150364945442306.jpg">the original</a> on March 23, 2012. Retrieved Jul 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Promotional+poster+for+Comic+Con%27s+steampunk+after-party%2C+%22The+Time+Machine%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimg828.imageshack.us%2Fimg828%2F2092%2F26205610150364945442306.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203003615/http://www.thesteampunkempire.com/events/event/listByLocation?location=Bristol+Renaissance+Fair">"Steampunk Empire: All Events in Bristol Renaissance Faire"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesteampunkempire.com/events/event/listByLocation?location=Bristol+Renaissance+Fair">the original</a> on February 3, 2014. Retrieved Oct 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Empire%3A+All+Events+in+Bristol+Renaissance+Faire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesteampunkempire.com%2Fevents%2Fevent%2FlistByLocation%3Flocation%3DBristol%2BRenaissance%2BFair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325111027/http://steampunk.synthasite.com/">"The Asylum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steampunk.synthasite.com/">the original</a> on March 25, 2009. Retrieved Feb 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Asylum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsteampunk.synthasite.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pastbooks.wordpress.com/2014/09/23/tea-duelling-and-other-splendid-steampunk-adventures-at-lincoln-2014/">"Tea Duelling"</a>. Sep 23, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150117072738/https://pastbooks.wordpress.com/2014/09/23/tea-duelling-and-other-splendid-steampunk-adventures-at-lincoln-2014/">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved Feb 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tea+Duelling&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpastbooks.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F09%2F23%2Ftea-duelling-and-other-splendid-steampunk-adventures-at-lincoln-2014%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eehe.org.uk/?p=24117">"H G Wells Literature and Love"</a>. G R Crawford. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115234014/https://eehe.org.uk/?p=24117">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H+G+Wells+Literature+and+Love&rft.pub=G+R+Crawford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feehe.org.uk%2F%3Fp%3D24117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.surreycomet.co.uk/news/9560784.steampunks-hit-epsom/">"Steampunks hit Epsom"</a>. Surrey Comet. 29 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110209/https://www.surreycomet.co.uk/news/9560784.steampunks-hit-epsom/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steampunks+hit+Epsom&rft.pub=Surrey+Comet&rft.date=2012-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreycomet.co.uk%2Fnews%2F9560784.steampunks-hit-epsom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OrGDwumqaso">"BBC radio documentary [sic] about Steampunk with Phill Jupitus"</a>. toswitchoffvoicemail. 20 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/OrGDwumqaso">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 3 September 2015 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+radio+documentary%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+about+Steampunk+with+Phill+Jupitus&rft.pub=toswitchoffvoicemail&rft.date=2013-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOrGDwumqaso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTtSQT5u9R4">"The Surrey Steampunk Convivial"</a>. Ben Henderson. 6 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/eTtSQT5u9R4">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 3 September 2015 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Surrey+Steampunk+Convivial&rft.pub=Ben+Henderson&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DeTtSQT5u9R4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haworth-village.co.uk/steampunk/">"The Haworth Steampunk Weekend"</a>. www.haworth-village.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303113646/http://www.haworth-village.co.uk/steampunk/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved Jun 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.haworth-village.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Haworth+Steampunk+Weekend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haworth-village.co.uk%2Fsteampunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.steampunk.fi/">OHJELMA 2021 – Steampunk Tampere</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210919064516/http://www.steampunk.fi/">Archived</a> 2021-09-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Finnish) </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12106196">YLE: Tampereella käynnistyi Suomen ensimmäinen steampunk-festivaali: katso tästä muinaisen teknologian höyrystämät kuvat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210919072118/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12106196">Archived</a> 2021-09-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Finnish) </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> Nicole Yunger Halpern, "Quantum Steampunk: 19th-Century Science Meets Technology of Today", Scientific American 322:5:n.p., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/quantum-steampunk-19th-century-science-meets-technology-of-today/">May 2020</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200424143346/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/quantum-steampunk-19th-century-science-meets-technology-of-today/">Archived</a> 2020-04-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> Nicole Yunger Halpern, "Quantum steampunk: Quantum information, thermodynamics, their intersection, and applications thereof across physics", Ph.D. Dissertation, California Institute of Technology, 2018 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7907%2F96EJ-N815">10.7907/96EJ-N815</a> <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.09786">1807.09786</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> Joshua Tanenbaum, Karen Tanenbaum, Ron Wakkary, "Steampunk as Design Fiction", Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12), May 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2207676.2208279">10.1145/2207676.2208279</a>, pp. 1583–1592 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlkon1994" class="citation book cs1">Alkon, Paul K. (1994). Science Fiction Before 1900: Imagination Discovers Technology. New York; Toronto: Twayne Publishers; Maxwell Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-0952-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-0952-0"><bdi>978-0-8057-0952-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/29258896">29258896</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction+Before+1900%3A+Imagination+Discovers+Technology&rft.place=New+York%3B+Toronto&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers%3B+Maxwell+Macmillan&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29258896&rft.isbn=978-0-8057-0952-0&rft.aulast=Alkon&rft.aufirst=Paul+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonovan2011" class="citation book cs1">Donovan, Art (2011). The Art of Steampunk: Extraordinary Devices and Ingenious Contraptions from the Leading Artists of the Steampunk Movement. East Petersburg, PA: Fox Chapel Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56523-573-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56523-573-1"><bdi>978-1-56523-573-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/682894178">682894178</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Steampunk%3A+Extraordinary+Devices+and+Ingenious+Contraptions+from+the+Leading+Artists+of+the+Steampunk+Movement&rft.place=East+Petersburg%2C+PA&rft.pub=Fox+Chapel+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F682894178&rft.isbn=978-1-56523-573-1&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=Art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlichDunn1983" class="citation book cs1">Erlich, Richard D.; Dunn, Thomas P., eds. (1983). Clockwork Worlds: Mechanized Environments in SF. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-23026-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-23026-4"><bdi>978-0-313-23026-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9323267">9323267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clockwork+Worlds%3A+Mechanized+Environments+in+SF&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9323267&rft.isbn=978-0-313-23026-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuillemois2006" class="citation book cs1">Guillemois, Alban (2006). Louis la lune. Paris: Albin Michel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-226-16675-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-226-16675-3"><bdi>978-2-226-16675-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/747952415">747952415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+la+lune&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Albin+Michel&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F747952415&rft.isbn=978-2-226-16675-3&rft.aulast=Guillemois&rft.aufirst=Alban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon2002" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Brooks (2002). Science Fiction After 1900: From the Steam Man to the Stars. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93888-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93888-4"><bdi>978-0-415-93888-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50526879">50526879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction+After+1900%3A+From+the+Steam+Man+to+the+Stars&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50526879&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93888-4&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Brooks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNevins2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jess_Nevins" title="Jess Nevins">Nevins, Jess</a> (2005). The Encyclopedia of Fantastic Victoriana. Introduction: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a>. Austin, TX: MonkeyBrain Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932265-15-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932265-15-6"><bdi>978-1-932265-15-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62469949">62469949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Fantastic+Victoriana&rft.place=Austin%2C+TX&rft.pub=MonkeyBrain+Books&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62469949&rft.isbn=978-1-932265-15-6&rft.aulast=Nevins&rft.aufirst=Jess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.lnu.se/index.php/hn/article/view/4306/3797">Nilson, Maria (2024) "'Longing for What Never Was' – Steampunk Romance and Nostalgia", HumaNetten 52.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerschon2018" class="citation book cs1">Perschon, Mike (2018). Steampunk FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the World of Goggles, Airships, and Time Travel. Milwaukee, WI: Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-664-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-664-1"><bdi>978-1-61713-664-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1023524878">1023524878</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steampunk+FAQ%3A+All+That%27s+Left+to+Know+About+the+World+of+Goggles%2C+Airships%2C+and+Time+Travel&rft.place=Milwaukee%2C+WI&rft.pub=Applause+Theatre+%26+Cinema+Books&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1023524878&rft.isbn=978-1-61713-664-1&rft.aulast=Perschon&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerson1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Person, Lawrence, ed. (Winter 1988). "Steampunks! Theme Issue". <a href="/wiki/Nova_Express_(fanzine)" title="Nova Express (fanzine)">Nova Express</a>. Vol. 2, no. 2: Steampunks. Austin, TX, USA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nova+Express&rft.atitle=Steampunks%21+Theme+Issue&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2%3A+Steampunks&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlusserShippey1992" class="citation book cs1">Slusser, George; Shippey, Tom, eds. (1992). Fiction 2000: Cyberpunk and the Future of Narrative. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-1425-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-1425-9"><bdi>978-0-8203-1425-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/24953403">24953403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fiction+2000%3A+Cyberpunk+and+the+Future+of+Narrative&rft.place=Athens%2C+GA&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24953403&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-1425-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrongman2010" class="citation book cs1">Strongman, Jay (2010). Steampunk: The Art of Victorian Futurism. London: Korero Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-907621-03-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-907621-03-1"><bdi>978-1-907621-03-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/610822460">610822460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steampunk%3A+The+Art+of+Victorian+Futurism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Korero+Books&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F610822460&rft.isbn=978-1-907621-03-1&rft.aulast=Strongman&rft.aufirst=Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuvin1983" class="citation book cs1">Suvin, Darko (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/victorianscience0000suvi">Victorian Science Fiction in the UK: The Discourses of Knowledge and Power</a>. Boston: G.K. Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-8435-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-8435-4"><bdi>978-0-8161-8435-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9645769">9645769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victorian+Science+Fiction+in+the+UK%3A+The+Discourses+of+Knowledge+and+Power&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=G.K.+Hall&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9645769&rft.isbn=978-0-8161-8435-4&rft.aulast=Suvin&rft.aufirst=Darko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvictorianscience0000suvi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestfahlSlusserLeiby2002" class="citation book cs1">Westfahl, Gary; Slusser, George; Leiby, David (2002). Worlds Enough and Time: Explorations of Time in Science Fiction and Fantasy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31706-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31706-4"><bdi>978-0-313-31706-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/543793951">543793951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worlds+Enough+and+Time%3A+Explorations+of+Time+in+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F543793951&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31706-4&rft.aulast=Westfahl&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Slusser%2C+George&rft.au=Leiby%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteampunk" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Steampunk" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Steampunk">Steampunk</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/video/off-book-off-book-steampunk/">Steampunk Culture</a>—Documentary produced by <a href="/wiki/Off_Book_(web_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Off Book (web series)">Off Book</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cyberpunk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expand navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyberpunk" title="Template:Cyberpunk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyberpunk" title="Template talk:Cyberpunk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyberpunk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyberpunk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyberpunk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_cyberpunk_works" title="List of cyberpunk works">List of cyberpunk works</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contributors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Bethke" title="Bruce Bethke">Bruce Bethke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Cadigan" title="Pat Cadigan">Pat Cadigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakury%C5%AB_Ishii" title="Gakuryū Ishii">Sogo Ishii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Maddox" title="Tom Maddox">Tom Maddox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Oshii" title="Mamoru Oshii">Mamoru Oshii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsuhiro_Otomo" title="Katsuhiro Otomo">Katsuhiro Otomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Rucker" title="Rudy Rucker">Rudy Rucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shirley" title="John Shirley">John Shirley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masamune_Shirow" title="Masamune Shirow">Masamune Shirow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sterling" title="Bruce Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subcultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese cyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybergoth" title="Cybergoth">Cybergoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypherpunk" title="Cypherpunk">Cypherpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrohippies" title="Electrohippies">Electrohippies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Philosophy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_liberty" title="Cognitive liberty">Cognitive liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphological_freedom" title="Morphological freedom">Morphological freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">AI in fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">Cyberspace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybercrime" title="Cybercrime">Cybercrime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_culture" title="Internet culture">Cyberculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Revolution">Digital Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megacorporation" title="Megacorporation">Megacorporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Derivative genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postcyberpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcyberpunk">Postcyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steampunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steampunk_works" title="List of steampunk works">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biopunk_works" title="List of biopunk works">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cyberpunk" title="Category:Cyberpunk">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Science_fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Science_fiction" title="Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Science_fiction" title="Template talk:Science fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Science_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Science_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_science_fiction" title="Outline of science fiction">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science-fiction_authors" title="List of science-fiction authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_science_fiction" title="Definitions of science fiction">Definitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_science_fiction" title="Anthropological science fiction">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_romance" title="Scientific romance">Scientific romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_science_fiction" title="Soft science fiction">Soft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_science_fiction" title="Timeline of science fiction">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">Sitcoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_space_(science_fiction)" title="Inner space (science fiction)">Inner space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare_in_science_fiction" title="Space warfare in science fiction">Space warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sword and planet">Sword and planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spy-Fi_(subgenre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy-Fi (subgenre)">Spy-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno-thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works" title="List of underwater science fiction works">Underwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Cyberpunk derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steampunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-fiction_fanzine" title="Science-fiction fanzine">Fanzines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">ISFDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_libraries_and_museums" title="Science fiction libraries and museums">Libraries and museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_studies" title="Science fiction studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women in SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldcon" title="Worldcon">Worldcon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction" title="Australian science fiction">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_science_fiction" title="Bengali science fiction">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction" title="Canadian science fiction">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_science_fiction" title="Chilean science fiction">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_science_fiction" title="Chinese science fiction">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_science_fiction" title="Croatian science fiction">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech science fiction and fantasy">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_science_fiction" title="Estonian science fiction">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_science_fiction" title="French science fiction">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_science_fiction" title="Hungarian science fiction">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_science_fiction" title="Norwegian science fiction">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_and_fantasy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction and fantasy in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_science_fiction" title="Romanian science fiction">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian science fiction and fantasy">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_science_fiction" title="Serbian science fiction">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_science_fiction" title="Spanish science fiction">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_science_fiction" title="Yugoslav science fiction">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinematic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Awards" title="Jules Verne Awards">Jules Verne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary, art, and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Award_for_Best_New_Writer" title="Astounding Award for Best New Writer">Astounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurealis_Award" title="Aurealis Award">Aurealis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSFA_Award" title="BSFA Award">BSFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Campbell Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesley_Awards" title="Chesley Awards">Chesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Crook_Award" title="Compton Crook Award">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Science_Fiction_Preis" title="Deutscher Science Fiction Preis">Deutscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick_Award" title="Philip K. Dick Award">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditmar_Award" title="Ditmar Award">Ditmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Award" title="Endeavour Award">Endeavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FantLab%27s_Book_of_the_Year_Award" title="FantLab's Book of the Year Award">FantLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Award_(China)" title="Galaxy Award (China)">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Gaughan_Award" title="Jack Gaughan Award">Gaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geffen_Award" title="Geffen Award">Geffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Duck_Award" title="Golden Duck Award">Golden Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_l%27Imaginaire" title="Grand prix de l'Imaginaire">Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Harland_Prize" title="Paul Harland Prize">Harland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein_Award" title="Robert A. Heinlein Award">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premio_Ignotus" title="Premio Ignotus">Ignotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitschies" title="Kitschies">Kitschies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lambda_Literary_Awards_winners_and_nominees_for_science_fiction,_fantasy_and_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lambda Literary Awards winners and nominees for science fiction, fantasy and horror">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_La%C3%9Fwitz_Award" title="Kurd Laßwitz Award">Laßwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Award" title="Nautilus Award">Nautilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nommo_Awards" title="Nommo Awards">Nommo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton_Award" title="Andre Norton Award">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsec_Awards" title="Parsec Awards">Parsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhysling_Award" title="Rhysling Award">Rhysling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFERA_Award" title="SFERA Award">SFERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History" title="Sidewise Award for Alternate History">Sidewise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Smith_Memorial_Award" title="Edward E. Smith Memorial Award">Skylark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon_Award" title="Theodore Sturgeon Award">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunburst_Award" title="Sunburst Award">Sunburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htivaeltaja_Award" title="Tähtivaeltaja Award">Tähtivaeltaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBD_Science_Fiction_Story_Award" title="TBD Science Fiction Story Award">TBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree_Jr._Award" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree Jr. Award">Tiptree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Apollo_Award" title="Prix Apollo Award">Tour-Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_%26_Fantasy_Translation_Awards" title="Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards">Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania_Award" title="Urania Award">Urania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Julius_Vogel_Award" title="Sir Julius Vogel Award">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers of the Future">Writers and Illustrators of the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_A._Zajdel_Award" title="Janusz A. Zajdel Award">Zajdel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Awards" title="Aurora Awards">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler_Award" title="Chandler Award">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiun_Award" title="Seiun Award">Seiun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards" title="Gaylactic Spectrum Awards">Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction_films" title="History of science fiction films">Film history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_fiction_films" title="Lists of science fiction films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_films_in_India" title="Science fiction films in India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_novels" title="List of science fiction novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_short_stories" title="List of science fiction short stories">Short stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_opera" title="Science fiction opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_theatre" title="Science fiction theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television" title="Science fiction on television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_television_programs" title="List of science fiction television programs">List of TV shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction_television" title="Australian science fiction television">Australasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_television_science_fiction" title="British television science fiction">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction_television" title="Canadian science fiction television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television#Continental_European_science_fiction_series" title="Science fiction on television">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Live-action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._television_science_fiction" title="U.S. television science fiction">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_architecture" title="Space architecture">Architectural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_sphere" title="Dyson sphere">Dyson sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrioshka_brain" title="Matrioshka brain">Matrioshka brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction" title="Space stations and habitats in fiction">Space stations and habitats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_engine" title="Stellar engine">Stellar engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_in_popular_culture" title="Terraforming in popular culture">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biology_in_fiction" title="Biology in fiction">Biological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare_in_popular_culture" title="Biological warfare in popular culture">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_being" title="Energy being">Energy being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_in_fiction" title="Evolution in fiction">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_extraterrestrials" title="Lists of fictional extraterrestrials">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_speculative_fiction" title="Gender in speculative fiction">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic engineering in science fiction">Genetic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisibility_in_fiction" title="Invisibility in fiction">Invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology_in_fiction" title="Nanotechnology in fiction">Nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_fiction" title="Organ transplantation in fiction">Organ transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasites_in_fiction" title="Parasites in fiction">Parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthetics_in_fiction" title="Prosthetics in fiction">Prosthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction">Sex and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_in_fiction" title="Symbiosis in fiction">Symbiosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansible" title="Ansible">Ansible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_holes_in_fiction" title="Black holes in fiction">Black holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_field_(technology)" title="Force field (technology)">Force field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperspace" title="Hyperspace">Hyperspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertialess_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertialess drive">Inertialess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiverse" title="Multiverse">Multiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_hole" title="Portable hole">Portable hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_travel_in_science_fiction" title="Space travel in science fiction">Space travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(device)" title="Stargate (device)">Stargate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_fiction" title="Stars in fiction">Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation_in_fiction" title="Teleportation in fiction">Teleportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel_in_fiction" title="Time travel in fiction">Time travel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_viewer" title="Time viewer">Viewer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_drive" title="Warp drive">Warp drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormholes_in_fiction" title="Wormholes in fiction">Wormhole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_mind_(science_fiction)" title="Group mind (science fiction)">Group mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_uploading_in_fiction" title="Mind uploading in fiction">Mind uploading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psionics" title="Psionics">Psionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_consciousness_in_fiction" title="Simulated consciousness in fiction">Simulated consciousness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts_in_popular_culture" title="Ancient astronauts in popular culture">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_science_fiction" title="Black science fiction">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_contact_(science_fiction)" title="First contact (science fiction)">First contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_complex" title="Frankenstein complex">Frankenstein complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_empire" title="Galactic empire">Galactic empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_from_space_(science_fiction)" title="Message from space (science fiction)">Message from space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism_in_fiction" title="Transhumanism in fiction">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uplift_(science_fiction)" title="Uplift (science fiction)">Uplift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover_in_popular_culture" title="AI takeover in popular culture">AI takeover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_engineering" title="Astronomical engineering">Astroengineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography_in_fiction" title="Holography in fiction">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_robots_and_androids" title="List of fictional robots and androids">Robots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyborgs_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborgs in fiction">Cyborgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-replicating_machines_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-replicating machines in fiction">Self-replicating machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_reality" title="Simulated reality">Simulated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_spacecraft" title="List of fictional spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyons_in_fiction" title="Tachyons in fiction">Tachyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian science fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_astronauts" title="Lists of fictional astronauts">Fictional astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional technology">Fictional technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_history" title="Future history">Future history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_Fiction" title="Museum of Science Fiction">Museum of Science Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_science" title="Rubber science">Rubber science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies" title="Science and technology studies">Science and technology studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense_of_wonder" title="Sense of wonder">Sense of wonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_and_society" title="Technology and society">Technology and society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction" title="Category:Science fiction">Category</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction/Science_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction/Science fiction">Portal</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fantasy_fiction" style="text-align:center;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fantasy_fiction" title="Template:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fantasy_fiction" title="Template talk:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fantasy_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fantasy_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fantasy" title="History of fantasy">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_fantasy" title="Early history of fantasy">Sources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Action-adventure <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_world" title="Lost world">Lost world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia‎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_fantasy" title="Children's fantasy">Children's fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangsian_fantasy" title="Bangsian fantasy">Bangsian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">Dark fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale_parody" title="Fairy tale parody">Fairy tale parodies</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairytale_fantasy" title="Fairytale fantasy">Fairytale fantasy</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_of_manners" title="Fantasy of manners">Fantasy of manners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_fantasy" title="Hard fantasy">Hard fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LitRPG" title="LitRPG">LitRPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_fantasy" title="Low fantasy">Low fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythic_fiction" title="Mythic fiction">Mythic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythpunk">Mythpunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omegaverse" title="Omegaverse">Omegaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a>‎ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_demons_fiction" title="Gods and demons fiction">Shenmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_fantasy" title="Urban fantasy">Urban fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective fiction‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal romance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_weird" title="New weird">New weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">West‎ern fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Film</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_television" title="Fantasy television">television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_anime" title="List of fantasy anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fantasy_films" title="Lists of fantasy films">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_fantasy_films" title="List of highest-grossing fantasy films">highest-grossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sword_and_sorcery_films" title="List of sword and sorcery films">S&S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_television_programs" title="List of fantasy television programs">Television programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_authors" title="List of fantasy authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Adult_Fantasy_series" title="Ballantine Adult Fantasy series">Ballantine Adult Fantasy series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comics" title="Fantasy comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_comics" title="List of fantasy comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy" title="The Encyclopedia of Fantasy">The Encyclopedia of Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Masterworks" title="Fantasy Masterworks">Fantasy Masterworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fantasy novels">List of novels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(A%E2%80%93H)" title="List of fantasy novels (A–H)">A–H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(I%E2%80%93R)" title="List of fantasy novels (I–R)">I–R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(S%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of fantasy novels (S–Z)">S–Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_story_collections" title="List of fantasy story collections">List of story collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fiction_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy fiction magazine">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_(magazine)" title="Fantastic (magazine)">Fantastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures" title="Fantastic Adventures">Fantastic Adventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_(magazine)" title="Locus (magazine)">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_%26_Science_Fiction" title="The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction">The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fantasy_(magazine)" title="Science Fantasy (magazine)">Science Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_(magazine)" title="Unknown (magazine)">Unknown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_Tales" title="Weird Tales">Weird Tales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9erie" title="Féerie">Féeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_podcast" title="Fantasy podcast">Podcasts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Balrog Award">Balrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fantasy_Award" title="British Fantasy Award">British Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Award" title="Crawford Award">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf_Award" title="Gandalf Award">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gemmell_Awards_for_Fantasy" title="David Gemmell Awards for Fantasy">Gemmell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fantasy_Award" title="International Fantasy Award">International Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Fantasy_Novel_Award" title="Japan Fantasy Novel Award">Japan Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s_d%27Or" title="Méliès d'Or">Méliès d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Awards" title="Mythopoeic Awards">Mythopoeic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htifantasia_Award" title="Tähtifantasia Award">Tähtifantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fandom" title="Fantasy fandom">Fandom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanspeak" title="Fanspeak">Fanspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_fandom" title="Harry Potter fandom">Harry Potter fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inklings" class="mw-redirect" title="The Inklings">The Inklings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraft_fandom" title="Lovecraft fandom">Lovecraft fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Tolkien fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_influence_on_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolkien's influence on fantasy">Tolkien's influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_J._R._R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien">Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Convention" title="World Fantasy Convention">World Fantasy Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_trope" title="Fantasy trope">Tropes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoul" title="Ghoul">Ghouls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental" title="Elemental">Elementals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">Faeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-breathing_monster" title="Fire-breathing monster">Fire-breathing monsters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_(monster)" title="Gargoyle (monster)">Gargoyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imp" title="Imp">Imps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Shapeshifters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werecat" title="Werecat">Werecats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">Werewolves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin-walker" title="Skin-walker">Skin-walkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural#Spirit" title="Supernatural">Spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_animals_in_fiction" title="Talking animals in fiction">Talking animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead" title="Undead">Undead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lich" title="Lich">Liches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_(undead)" title="Mummy (undead)">Mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeletons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">Unicorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai" title="Yōkai">Yōkai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters" title="List of stock characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">Barbarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caveman" title="Caveman">Caveman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">Damsel in distress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_lord" title="Dark lord">Dark lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_(fairy_tale)" title="Donor (fairy tale)">Donor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonslayer" title="Dragonslayer">Dragonslayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_godmother" title="Fairy godmother">Fairy godmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magician_(fantasy)" title="Magician (fantasy)">Magicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_detectives" title="List of science fiction and fantasy detectives">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Wild man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_magic_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard and soft magic systems">Hard and soft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_element" title="Classical element">Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">Dark</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gray_magic" title="Gray magic">neutral</a>/<a href="/wiki/White_magic" title="White magic">light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_magic" title="Moon magic">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_item" title="Magic item">Magic item</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_ring" title="Magic ring">Magic ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magical_weapons" title="List of magical weapons">Magical weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magic_sword" title="Magic sword">Magic sword</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wand" title="Wand">Wand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egregore" title="Egregore">Egregore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incantation" title="Incantation">Incantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Shapeshifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumaturgy" title="Thaumaturgy">Thaumaturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theurgy" title="Theurgy">Theurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_races" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy races">Fantasy races</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">Dwarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Treants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant" title="Giant">Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnome" title="Gnome">Gnomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblin" title="Goblin">Goblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremlin" title="Gremlin">Gremlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfling" title="Halfling">Halflings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobgoblin" title="Hobgoblin">Hobgoblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobold" title="Kobold">Kobolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">Leprechauns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merfolk" title="Merfolk">Merfolk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">Mermaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merman" title="Merman">Mermen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogre" title="Ogre">Ogres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oni" title="Oni">Oni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">Trolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_places" title="List of mythological places">Places and events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest" title="Quest">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_world" title="Fantasy world">Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_worlds" title="List of fantasy worlds">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_map" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy map">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_city_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost city (fiction)">Lost city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fiction" title="Subterranean fiction">Hollow Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_plane" title="Astral plane">Astral plane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_world_(plot_device)" title="Dream world (plot device)">Dreamworld</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_forest" title="Enchanted forest">Enchanted forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thieves%27_guild" title="Thieves' guild">Thieves' guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_schools#Magic_schools" title="List of fictional schools">Magic school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">Allegory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">Epic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">Fable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">Ghost stories</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT themes in speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends and myths">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fantasy" title="Outline of fantasy">Outline</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy" title="Category:Fantasy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_genres" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see Exploitation film template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format, technique, approach, or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Film_genres" title="Category:Film genres">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gothic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gothic" title="Template:Gothic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gothic" title="Template talk:Gothic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gothic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gothic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gothic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gothic</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Gothic" title="Crimean Gothic">Crimean Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Christianity" title="Gothic Christianity">Gothic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Gothic" title="Belarusian Gothic">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabantine_Gothic" title="Brabantine Gothic">Brabantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brick_Gothic" title="Brick Gothic">Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Gothic_architecture" title="Czech Gothic architecture">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture" title="English Gothic architecture">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamboyant" title="Flamboyant">Flamboyant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Gothic_architecture" title="French Gothic architecture">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelline_Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabelline Gothic">Isabelline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Gothic_architecture" title="Italian Gothic architecture">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Gothic_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Gothic architecture">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gothic_architecture" title="Portuguese Gothic architecture">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonnant" title="Rayonnant">Rayonnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sondergotik" title="Sondergotik">Sondergotik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Gothic_architecture" title="Spanish Gothic architecture">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Gothic_architecture" title="Venetian Gothic architecture">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_sculpture" title="Gothic sculpture">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_boxwood_miniature" title="Gothic boxwood miniature">Boxwood miniature</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanticism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Gothic_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="American Gothic Fiction">American Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Romanticism" title="Dark Romanticism">Dark Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothicism" title="Gothicism">Gothicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic revival architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpenter_Gothic" title="Carpenter Gothic">Carpenter / Rural Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic" title="Collegiate Gothic">Collegiate Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissenting_Gothic" title="Dissenting Gothic">Dissenting Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Victorian_Gothic" title="High Victorian Gothic">High Victorian Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Manueline" title="Neo-Manueline">Neo-Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_baronial_architecture" title="Scottish baronial architecture">Scottish baronial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="List of Gothic Revival architecture">By specific country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_Canada" title="Gothic Revival architecture in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_Poland" title="Gothic Revival architecture in Poland">Poland</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban Gothic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern literature and art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Gothic_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="New Gothic Art">New Gothic Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raygun_Gothic" title="Raygun Gothic">Raygun Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario_Gothic" title="Southern Ontario Gothic">Southern Ontario Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Goth" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Goth">Space Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Gothic" title="Tasmanian Gothic">Tasmanian Gothic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern subculture, music and film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture">Gothic subculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybergoth" title="Cybergoth">Cybergoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Goth" title="Health Goth">Health Goth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fashion" title="Gothic fashion">Gothic fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic romance film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">Gothic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothabilly" title="Gothabilly">Gothabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_belly_dance" title="Gothic belly dance">Gothic belly dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">Dark wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_punk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic punk">Gothic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Western" title="Gothic Western">Gothic Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_punk" title="Horror punk">Horror punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">Black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmicism" title="Cosmicism">Cosmicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danse_Macabre" title="Danse Macabre">Danse Macabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_culture" title="Dark culture">Dark culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">Dark fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">Dracula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Expressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="German Expressionism">German Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloom" title="Gloom">Gloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Satanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Satanism">Gothic Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotesque" title="Grotesque">Grotesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotesquerie" title="Grotesquerie">Grotesquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_and_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Horror and Terror">Horror and Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror-of-demonic" title="Horror-of-demonic">Horror-of-demonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror-of-personality" title="Horror-of-personality">Horror-of-personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gothic_festivals" title="List of gothic festivals">List of gothic festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gothic_fiction_works" title="List of gothic fiction works">List of gothic fiction works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_fashion" title="Lolita fashion">Lolita fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_du_si%C3%A8cle" title="Mal du siècle">Mal du siècle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">Medievalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memento_Mori" class="mw-redirect" title="Memento Mori">Memento Mori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_literature" title="Monster literature">Monster literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">Mystery fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Victorian" title="Neo-Victorian">Neo-Victorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Romantic" title="New Romantic">New Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective" class="mw-redirect" title="Occult detective">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">Occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossuary" title="Ossuary">Ossuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanesque revival">Romanesque revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubi_sunt" title="Ubi sunt">Ubi sunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_monsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal monsters">Universal monsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Vampire fiction">Vampire fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_fashion" title="Victorian fashion">Victorian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_menace" title="Weird menace">Weird menace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Goth_subculture" style="text-align:center;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:black; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Goth_subculture" title="Template:Goth subculture"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Goth_subculture" title="Template talk:Goth subculture"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Goth_subculture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Goth subculture"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Goth_subculture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture">Goth subculture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Associated music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothabilly" title="Gothabilly">Gothabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_country" title="Gothic country">Gothic country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">Dark wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethereal_wave" title="Ethereal wave">Ethereal wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_wave_(music)" title="Cold wave (music)">Cold wave</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable bands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">The Cure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Death" title="Christian Death">Christian Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_(band)" title="Bauhaus (band)">Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_and_the_Banshees" title="Siouxsie and the Banshees">Siouxsie and the Banshees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Division" title="Joy Division">Joy Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sisters_of_Mercy" title="The Sisters of Mercy">The Sisters of Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Damned_(band)" title="The Damned (band)">The Damned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Sex_Fiend" title="Alien Sex Fiend">Alien Sex Fiend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Can_Dance" title="Dead Can Dance">Dead Can Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocteau_Twins" title="Cocteau Twins">Cocteau Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fields_of_the_Nephilim" title="Fields of the Nephilim">Fields of the Nephilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gothic_rock_artists" title="List of gothic rock artists">List of gothic rock artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(musician)" title="Robert Smith (musician)">Robert Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Murphy_(musician)" title="Peter Murphy (musician)">Peter Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_Sioux" title="Siouxsie Sioux">Siouxsie Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Curtis" title="Ian Curtis">Ian Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Eldritch" title="Andrew Eldritch">Andrew Eldritch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Cave" title="Nick Cave">Nick Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Peterson" title="Cassandra Peterson">Cassandra Peterson/Elvira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_O" title="Eva O">Eva O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinah_Cancer" title="Dinah Cancer">Dinah Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Richards" title="Monica Richards">Monica Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Hammer" title="Lisa Hammer">Lisa Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozz_Williams" title="Rozz Williams">Rozz Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitane_DeMone" title="Gitane DeMone">Gitane DeMone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Morrison" title="Patricia Morrison">Patricia Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_McCoy" title="Carl McCoy">Carl McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fraser" title="Elizabeth Fraser">Elizabeth Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Hammer" title="Doc Hammer">Doc Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Gerrard" title="Lisa Gerrard">Lisa Gerrard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Perry" title="Brendan Perry">Brendan Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Black" title="Bethany Black">Bethany Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wednesday_Mourning" title="Wednesday Mourning">Wednesday Mourning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camden_Town" title="Camden Town">Camden Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(nightclub)" title="Neo (nightclub)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantasy_Theater" title="Phantasy Theater">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Dark_Alternative_Movement" title="Singapore Dark Alternative Movement">Singapore Dark Alternative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_goth_scene" title="Toronto goth scene">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable club nights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F_Club" title="F Club">F Club (1977–1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Phonographique" title="Le Phonographique">Le Phonographique (1979–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batcave_(club)" title="Batcave (club)">Batcave (1982–1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrowerkz#Slimelight" title="Electrowerkz">Slimelight (1987–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Guild" title="Death Guild">Death Guild (1993–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmortis" title="Xmortis">Xmortis (2004–)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wave-Gotik-Treffen" title="Wave-Gotik-Treffen">Wave-Gotik-Treffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%27era_Luna_Festival" title="M'era Luna Festival">M'era Luna Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_Dead_Festival" title="Drop Dead Festival">Drop Dead Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumous_Gothic_Festival" title="Lumous Gothic Festival">Lumous Gothic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitby_Goth_Weekend" title="Whitby Goth Weekend">Whitby Goth Weekend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convergence_(goth_festival)" title="Convergence (goth festival)">Convergence (goth festival)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bats_Day_in_the_Fun_Park" title="Bats Day in the Fun Park">Bats Day in the Fun Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Goth_Day" title="World Goth Day">World Goth Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gothic_festivals" title="List of gothic festivals">List of gothic festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Art and fashion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Gothic" title="New Gothic">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fashion" title="Gothic fashion">Fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybergoth" title="Cybergoth">Cybergoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Goth" title="Health Goth">Health Goth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Bernstein" title="Drew Bernstein">Lip Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Beauty" title="Gothic Beauty">Gothic Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mortem" title="Rose Mortem">Rose Mortem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gorey" title="Edward Gorey">Edward Gorey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_hair" title="Big hair">Big hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Deathhawk">Deathhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backcombing" title="Backcombing">Backcombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winklepickers" class="mw-redirect" title="Winklepickers">Winklepickers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Film and literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Addams_Family" title="The Addams Family">The Addams Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triana_Orpheus" class="mw-redirect" title="Triana Orpheus">Triana Orpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crow" title="The Crow">The Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goodbye_Family" title="The Goodbye Family">The Goodbye Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Munsters" title="The Munsters">The Munsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sandman_(comic_book)" title="The Sandman (comic book)">The Sandman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Craft_(film)" title="The Craft (film)">The Craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_83" title="Gypsy 83">Gypsy 83</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black">Shades of black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_music_subcultures" title="Suicide in music subcultures">Suicide in music subcultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseur" title="Poseur">Poseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_culture" title="Dark culture">Dark culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall_goth" title="Mall goth">Mall goth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223685#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223685#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223685#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1750223/">FAST</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1750220/">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7839890-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2009010578">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb167428539">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb167428539">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007572561405171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/176786171">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&oldid=1258829364">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&oldid=1258829364</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Steampunk" title="Category:Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_neologisms" title="Category:1980s neologisms">1980s neologisms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_fandom" title="Category:Science fiction fandom">Science fiction fandom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Adventure_genres" title="Category:Adventure genres">Adventure genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion" title="Category:History of fashion">History of fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Retro_style" title="Category:Retro style">Retro style</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_culture" title="Category:Science fiction culture">Science fiction culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_genres" title="Category:Science fiction genres">Science fiction genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_themes" title="Category:Science fiction themes">Science fiction themes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_about_the_Industrial_Revolution" title="Category:Works about the Industrial Revolution">Works about the Industrial Revolution</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_self-published_sources" title="Category:All articles with self-published sources">All articles with self-published sources</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_self-published_sources_from_July_2020" title="Category:Articles with self-published sources from July 2020">Articles with self-published sources from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2017" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2017">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_November_2020" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from November 2020">Articles that may contain original research from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from June 2024">Articles lacking reliable references from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_trivia_sections_from_March_2017" title="Category:Articles with trivia sections from March 2017">Articles with trivia sections from March 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_November_2020" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from November 2020">Articles lacking reliable references from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_December_2017" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from December 2017">Articles lacking reliable references from December 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_more_detailed_references" title="Category:Articles needing more detailed references">Articles needing more detailed references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2016" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2016">Articles needing additional references from September 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 21:30 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steampunk&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4ws7h","wgBackendResponseTime":3354,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.758","walltime":"3.092","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16007,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":657720,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7576,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":818540,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2424.335 1 -total"," 55.70% 1350.386 2 Template:Reflist"," 27.86% 675.403 111 Template:Cite_web"," 8.34% 202.276 39 Template:Cite_news"," 8.13% 197.217 35 Template:Cite_book"," 7.46% 180.928 14 Template:Navbox"," 7.05% 170.982 7 Template:Annotated_link"," 4.75% 115.127 9 Template:Fix"," 4.23% 102.442 1 Template:Cyberpunk_and_derivatives"," 3.36% 81.405 16 Template:Cite_magazine"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.636","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15216857,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","340","20.5"],["?","320","19.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","140","8.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","120","7.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::unstripNoWiki","80","4.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","4.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","2.4"],["(for generator)","40","2.4"],["gsub","40","2.4"],["init \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities\u003E","40","2.4"],["[others]","420","25.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4ws7h","timestamp":"20241122140823","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Steampunk","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steampunk","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q223685","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q223685","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-01T04:48:02Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T21:30:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/29\/20000_Nautilus_engines.jpg","headline":"science fiction set in the 19th century that features steam-powered machinery and related technologies extrapolated from the science of that era"}</script> </body> </html>