CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kingdom of Navarre - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0bddf1a2-9486-4836-bb3d-ceb68993c423","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kingdom_of_Navarre","wgTitle":"Kingdom of Navarre","wgCurRevisionId":1258780895,"wgRevisionId":1258780895,"wgArticleId":693507,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Articles containing Basque-language text","Articles containing Spanish-language text","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference", "Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters","Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from December 2017","Articles with permanently dead external links","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Kingdom of Navarre","1841 disestablishments in Europe","1841 disestablishments in Spain","824 establishments","9th-century establishments in Europe","9th-century establishments in Spain","Christian states","Early modern history of Spain","Former countries on the Iberian Peninsula","Former kingdoms","Former monarchies of Europe","Medieval history of Spain","Spanish Renaissance","States and territories disestablished in 1841","States and territories established in the 820s","Kingdom of Castile"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kingdom_of_Navarre","wgRelevantArticleId":693507,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":42.816944444444445,"lon":-1.6427777777777777},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q200262","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg/1200px-Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg/800px-Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg/640px-Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kingdom of Navarre - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kingdom_of_Navarre rootpage-Kingdom_of_Navarre skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Kingdom+of+Navarre" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Kingdom+of+Navarre" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Kingdom+of+Navarre" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Kingdom+of+Navarre" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_historic_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_historic_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early historic background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_historic_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nascent_state_and_kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nascent_state_and_kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nascent state and kingdom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nascent_state_and_kingdom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nascent state and kingdom subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nascent_state_and_kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishment_by_Iñigo_Arista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_by_Iñigo_Arista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Establishment by Iñigo Arista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_by_Iñigo_Arista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jiménez_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jiménez_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Jiménez rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jiménez_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ecclesiastical affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dismemberment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dismemberment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dismemberment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dismemberment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dismemberment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dismemberment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Division_of_Sancho's_domains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division_of_Sancho's_domains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Division of Sancho's domains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_of_Sancho's_domains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partition_and_union_with_Aragon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partition_and_union_with_Aragon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Partition and union with Aragon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partition_and_union_with_Aragon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration_and_the_loss_of_western_Navarre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration_and_the_loss_of_western_Navarre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Restoration and the loss of western Navarre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration_and_the_loss_of_western_Navarre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navarre_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navarre_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Navarre in the Late Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Navarre_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Navarre in the Late Middle Ages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Navarre_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rule_by_Champagne_and_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rule_by_Champagne_and_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Rule by Champagne and France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rule_by_Champagne_and_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navarre_under_the_Foix_and_Albret_dynasties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navarre_under_the_Foix_and_Albret_dynasties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Navarre under the Foix and Albret dynasties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navarre_under_the_Foix_and_Albret_dynasties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Spanish conquest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_Navarre_north_of_the_Pyrenees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_Navarre_north_of_the_Pyrenees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Independent Navarre north of the Pyrenees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_Navarre_north_of_the_Pyrenees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_crown_and_the_kingdom:_A_constitutional_foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_crown_and_the_kingdom:_A_constitutional_foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The crown and the kingdom: A constitutional foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_crown_and_the_kingdom:_A_constitutional_foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_history_and_the_end_of_the_fueros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_history_and_the_end_of_the_fueros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Later history and the end of the <i>fueros</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_history_and_the_end_of_the_fueros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Province_of_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Province_of_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Province of Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Province_of_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territory_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territory_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Territory today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territory_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Historical symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Navarre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="مملكة نبرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة نبرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra" title="Reino de Navarra – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reino de Navarra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinu_de_Navarra" title="Reinu de Navarra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reinu de Navarra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Navarra krallığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Navarra krallığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="ناوار شاهلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ناوار شاهلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Каралеўства Навара – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каралеўства Навара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кралство Навара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кралство Навара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_de_Navarra" title="Regne de Navarra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne de Navarra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarrsk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Navarrské království – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Navarrské království" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teyrnas_Navarra" title="Teyrnas Navarra – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teyrnas Navarra" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongeriget_Navarra" title="Kongeriget Navarra – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kongeriget Navarra" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigreich_Navarra" title="Königreich Navarra – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Königreich Navarra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_kuningriik" title="Navarra kuningriik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Navarra kuningriik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Βασίλειο της Ναβάρρας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλειο της Ναβάρρας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra" title="Reino de Navarra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino de Navarra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%9Dlando_Navaro" title="Reĝlando Navaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reĝlando Navaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafarroako_Erresuma" title="Nafarroako Erresuma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nafarroako Erresuma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پادشاهی ناوار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاهی ناوار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_de_Navarre" title="Royaume de Navarre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaume de Navarre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADocht_Navarre" title="Ríocht Navarre – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríocht Navarre" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra" title="Reino de Navarra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reino de Navarra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC_%EC%99%95%EA%B5%AD" title="나바라 왕국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나바라 왕국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նավառայի թագավորություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նավառայի թագավորություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevina_Navara" title="Kraljevina Navara – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kraljevina Navara" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Navarra" title="Kerajaan Navarra – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan Navarra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyatu_de_Navarra" title="Reyatu de Navarra – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Reyatu de Navarra" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konungsr%C3%ADki%C3%B0_Navarra" title="Konungsríkið Navarra – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konungsríkið Navarra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_di_Navarra" title="Regno di Navarra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno di Navarra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%94" title="ממלכת נווארה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכת נווארה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ნავარის სამეფო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნავარის სამეფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyaniya_Navarray%C3%AA" title="Keyaniya Navarrayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Keyaniya Navarrayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_Navarrae" title="Regnum Navarrae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regnum Navarrae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarras_Karaliste" title="Navarras Karaliste – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Navarras Karaliste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navaros_karalyst%C4%97" title="Navaros karalystė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Navaros karalystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarrai_Kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1g_(t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelmi_%C3%A1llam)" title="Navarrai Királyság (történelmi állam) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Navarrai Királyság (történelmi állam)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кралство Навара – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кралство Навара" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مملكة ناڤارا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مملكة ناڤارا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninkrijk_Navarra" title="Koninkrijk Navarra – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koninkrijk Navarra" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="ナバラ王国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナバラ王国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konged%C3%B8mmet_Navarra" title="Kongedømmet Navarra – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kongedømmet Navarra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konged%C3%B8met_Navarra" title="Kongedømet Navarra – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kongedømet Navarra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiaume_de_Navarra" title="Reiaume de Navarra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reiaume de Navarra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarre_qirolligi" title="Navarre qirolligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Navarre qirolligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_Nawarry" title="Królestwo Nawarry – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królestwo Nawarry" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra" title="Reino de Navarra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino de Navarra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regatul_Navarrei" title="Regatul Navarrei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regatul Navarrei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Наварра (королевство) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наварра (королевство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kingdom of Navarre" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevina_Navarra" title="Kraljevina Navarra – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kraljevina Navarra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Краљевина Навара – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Краљевина Навара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevina_Navara" title="Kraljevina Navara – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kraljevina Navara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarran_kuningaskunta" title="Navarran kuningaskunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Navarran kuningaskunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungariket_Navarra" title="Kungariket Navarra – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kungariket Navarra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நவார் இராச்சியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நவார் இராச்சியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ราชอาณาจักรนาวาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชอาณาจักรนาวาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Navarra Krallığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Navarra Krallığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Наваррське королівство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наваррське королівство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مملکت ناوار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مملکت ناوار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Navarra" title="Vương quốc Navarra – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương quốc Navarra" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="纳瓦拉王国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纳瓦拉王国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%8F%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="納華拉王國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="納華拉王國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="納瓦拉王國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="納瓦拉王國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q200262#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kingdom_of_Navarre" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Kingdom_of_Navarre" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&oldid=1258780895" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Kingdom_of_Navarre&id=1258780895&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKingdom_of_Navarre"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKingdom_of_Navarre"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_Navarre" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q200262" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kingdom_of_Navarre&params=42_49_01_N_1_38_34_W_type:city_source:kolossus-hewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°49′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°38′34″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.81694°N 1.64278°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.81694; -1.64278</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medieval kingdom around the Pyrenees</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the medieval kingdom. For the modern Spanish province and autonomous community, see <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Kingdom of Navarre</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Nafarroako Erresuma</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>)</span><br /><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Reino de Navarra</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</span><br /><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Royaume de Navarre</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><br /><span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Reiaume de Navarra</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>)</span><br /><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Regnum Navarrae</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">824 (traditional)–1841</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Navarre"><img alt="Flag of Navarre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg/125px-Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg/188px-Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg/250px-Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Navarre" title="Flag of Navarre">Royal flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms (1234–1580) of Navarre"><img alt="Coat of arms (1234–1580) of Navarre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg/128px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg/170px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="908" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Navarre" title="Coat of arms of Navarre"> Coat of arms<br />(1234–1580)</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nafarroako_Erresuma_1190.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Kingdom of Navarre in Europe, 1190"><img alt="The Kingdom of Navarre in Europe, 1190" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nafarroako_Erresuma_1190.svg/250px-Nafarroako_Erresuma_1190.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nafarroako_Erresuma_1190.svg/375px-Nafarroako_Erresuma_1190.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nafarroako_Erresuma_1190.svg/500px-Nafarroako_Erresuma_1190.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="698" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The Kingdom of Navarre in Europe, 1190</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> (Basque: <i lang="eu">Iruña</i>)<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kingdom_of_Navarre&params=42_49_01_N_1_38_34_W_type:city_source:kolossus-hewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°49′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°38′34″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.81694°N 1.64278°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.81694; -1.64278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Basque (spoken and written)<sup id="cite_ref-Amorrortu14_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amorrortu14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Latin (written)<sup id="cite_ref-Amorrortu14_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amorrortu14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a> (administrative; spoken)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gascon_dialect" title="Gascon dialect">Gascon</a> (spoken and written)<sup id="cite_ref-Amorrortu14_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amorrortu14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_Spanish" title="Castilian Spanish">Castilian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Upper_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Navarre">Upper Navarre</a>)</li> <li>French (<a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Hebrew" title="Medieval Hebrew">Hebrew</a> (written in <a href="/wiki/Aljamiado" title="Aljamiado">Aljamiado</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian Arabic">Andalusian Arabic</a> (written or formal)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">Majority religion: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official</a>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Minority religions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque paganism</a> (practiced in the initial years)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic Judaism">Sephardic Judaism</a> (until 1515)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (until 1515)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> (of the royal court, 1560–1594)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Feudal_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal monarchy">Feudal monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Navarrese_monarchs" title="List of Navarrese monarchs">Monarch</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 824–851/2 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Íñigo Arista of Pamplona">Íñigo Arista</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1610–1620 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis II</a> (last. French kingdom)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1830–1841 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabel II of Spain">Isabel II of Spain</a> (last. Spanish kingdom)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">824</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1841</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1300<sup id="cite_ref-Reilly139_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reilly139-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">10,000 km<sup>2</sup> (3,900 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1300<sup id="cite_ref-Reilly139_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reilly139-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">100,000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Armagnac.svg/20px-Flag_of_Armagnac.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Armagnac.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armagnac.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Armagnac.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armagnac.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="496" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Gascony" title="Duchy of Gascony">Duchy of Gascony</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">Kingdom of France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_March" title="Upper March">Upper March</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Emirate of Córdoba</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_early_modern_period" title="France in the early modern period">Kingdom of France</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/20px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/30px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/40px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%2815th_Century_Style%29.svg/20px-Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%2815th_Century_Style%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%2815th_Century_Style%29.svg/30px-Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%2815th_Century_Style%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%2815th_Century_Style%29.svg/40px-Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%2815th_Century_Style%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="504" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Banner_of_Arag%C3%B3n.svg/20px-Royal_Banner_of_Arag%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Banner_of_Arag%C3%B3n.svg/30px-Royal_Banner_of_Arag%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Banner_of_Arag%C3%B3n.svg/40px-Royal_Banner_of_Arag%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="906" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1808%E2%80%931874)" title="History of Spain (1808–1874)">Kingdom of Spain</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a><br /><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kingdom of Navarre</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">nə-<span style="font-size:90%">VAR</span></i></a>),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally the <b>Kingdom of Pamplona</b> occupied lands on both sides of the western <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>, with its northernmost areas originally reaching the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a>), between present-day <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The medieval state took form around the city of <a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> during the first centuries of the Iberian <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>. The kingdom had its origins in the conflict in the buffer region between the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Ummayad</a> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Emirate of Córdoba</a> that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Pompaelo</i>; <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: <i lang="eu">Iruña</i>), had been the main city of the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Vascones" title="Vascones">Vasconic</a> population and was located in a predominantly Basque-speaking area.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an event traditionally dated to 824, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Íñigo Arista of Pamplona">Íñigo Arista</a> was elected or declared ruler of the area around Pamplona in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish expansion</a> into the region, originally as vassal to the Córdoba emirate. This polity evolved into the Kingdom of Pamplona. A series of partitions and dynastic changes led to a diminution of its territory and to periods of rule by the kings of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a> (1054–1134) and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> (1285–1328). </p><p>In the 15th century, another dynastic dispute over control by the king of Aragon led to internal divisions and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Iberian_Navarre" title="Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre">the eventual conquest</a> of the southern part of the kingdom by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II of Aragon</a> in 1512 (permanently annexed in 1524). It was annexed by the Courts of Castile to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a> in 1515 as a separate kingdom with its own Courts and judiciary until 1841. </p><p>The remaining northern part of the kingdom was once again joined with France by <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> in 1589 when King Henry III of Navarre inherited the French throne as <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a>, and in 1620 it was merged into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>. The monarchs of this unified state took the title "King of France and Navarre" until its fall in the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, and again during the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a> from 1814 until 1830 (with a <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">brief interregnum in 1815</a>). </p><p>The ancient Kingdom of Navarre covered, at its greatest extent, approximately the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a> and the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> territory of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are similar earlier toponyms but the first documentation<sup id="cite_ref-Auñamendi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auñamendi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">navarros</i></span> appears in <a href="/wiki/Eginhard" class="mw-redirect" title="Eginhard">Eginhard</a>'s chronicle of the feats of <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles the Great">Charles the Great</a>. Other <a href="/wiki/Royal_Frankish_Annals" title="Royal Frankish Annals">Royal Frankish Annals</a> give <i>nabarros</i>. Several Frankish sources mention the <i>nabarri/navarri</i> and the <i>Hispani wascones</i>, and also <i>pampilonensi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two proposed etymologies<sup id="cite_ref-Auñamendi_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auñamendi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the name of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Navarra</i></span>/<span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Nafarroa</i></span>/<span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Naparroa</i></span>: </p> <ul><li>Basque <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">nabar</i></span> (declined <a href="/wiki/Absolutive_case" title="Absolutive case">absolutive</a> <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">singular</a> <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">nabarra</i></span>): "brownish", "multicolor", which would be a contrast with the green mountain lands north of the original County of Navarre.</li> <li>Basque <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">naba</i></span>, Castilian <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">nava</i></span> ("valley", "plain", present across Spain) + Basque <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">herri</i></span> ("people", "land").</li></ul> <p>The linguist <a href="/wiki/Joan_Coromines" title="Joan Coromines">Joan Coromines</a> considers <i>naba</i> as not clearly Basque in origin but as part of a wider <a href="/wiki/Aquitanian_language" title="Aquitanian language">pre-Roman</a> substrate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_historic_background">Early historic background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early historic background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Vasconia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Vasconia">Duchy of Vasconia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquitani_tribes_map-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aquitani_tribes_map-fr.svg/250px-Aquitani_tribes_map-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aquitani_tribes_map-fr.svg/375px-Aquitani_tribes_map-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aquitani_tribes_map-fr.svg/500px-Aquitani_tribes_map-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Tribes of the western Pyrenees</figcaption></figure> <p>The kingdom originated in the southern side of the western Pyrenees, in the flatlands around the city of <a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a>. According to Roman geographers such as <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, these regions were inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Vascones" title="Vascones">Vascones</a> and other related Vasconic-<a href="/wiki/Aquitani" title="Aquitani">Aquitanian</a> tribes, a pre-<a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Indo-European</a> group of peoples who inhabited the southern slopes of the western Pyrenees and part of the shore of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tribes spoke an archaic version of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque language</a>, usually known by linguistics as <a href="/wiki/Proto-Basque_language" title="Proto-Basque language">Proto-Basque</a>, as well as some other related languages, such as the <a href="/wiki/Aquitanian_language" title="Aquitanian language">Aquitanian language</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> took full control of the area by 74 BC, but unlike their northern neighbors, the Aquitanians, and other tribes from the Iberian Peninsula, the Vascones negotiated their status within the Roman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins199053–56_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins199053–56-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region first was part of the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Citerior" title="Hispania Citerior">Hispania Citerior</a>, then of the <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a>. It would be under the jurisdiction of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Conventus_iuridicus" title="Conventus iuridicus">conventus iuridicus</a></i></span> of Caesaraugusta (modern <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>). </p><p>The Roman Empire influenced the area in urbanization, language, infrastructure, commerce, and industry. During the <a href="/wiki/Sertorian_War" title="Sertorian War">Sertorian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> would command the foundation of a city in Vasconic territory, giving origin to <i>Pompaelo</i>, modern-day Pamplona, founded on a previously existent Vasconic town. <a href="/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)" title="Romanization (cultural)">Romanization</a> of the Vascones led to their eventual adoption of forms of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> that would evolve into the <a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a> language, though the Basque language would remain widely spoken, especially in rural and mountainous areas. </p><p>After the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>, the Vascones were slow to be incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a>, which was in a civil war that provided the opportunity for the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad conquest of Hispania">Umayyad conquest of Hispania</a>. The Basque leadership most likely joined the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_caliphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad caliphate">Umayyad caliphate</a> in the hope of stability brought by the Muslim conquerors. By 718, Pamplona had formed a pact that allowed a wide degree of autonomy in exchange for military and political subjugation, along with the payment of tribute to <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Córdoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012277_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012277-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burial ornamentation shows strong contacts with the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingian</a> France and the Gascons of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, but also items with <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> inscriptions, while a Muslim cemetery in Pamplona, the use of which spanned several generations, suggests the presence of a Muslim garrison in the decades following the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012279–280_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012279–280-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origin and foundation of the Kingdom of Pamplona is intrinsically related to the southern expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish kingdom</a> under the Merovingians and their successors, the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>. About 601, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Vasconia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Vasconia">Duchy of Vasconia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Wasconiae</i>) was established by the Merovingians, based around Roman <a href="/wiki/Novempopulania" title="Novempopulania">Novempopulania</a> and extending from the southern branch of the River <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne</a> to the northern side of the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>. The first documented Duke of Vasconia was <a href="/wiki/Genial" title="Genial">Genial</a>, who would hold that position until 627. </p><p>The Duchy of Vasconia then became a frontier territory with varying levels of autonomy granted by the Merovingian monarchs. The suppression of the Duchy of Vasconia as well as the Duchy of Aquitaine by the Carolingians would lead to a rebellion, led by <a href="/wiki/Lupo_II_of_Gascony" class="mw-redirect" title="Lupo II of Gascony">Lupo II of Gascony</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a> launched a punitive <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short#Expansion_of_the_Frankish_realm" title="Pepin the Short">War in Aquitaine</a> (760–768) that put down the uprising and resulted in the division of the duchy into several counties, ruled from <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>. Similarly, across the eastern Pyrenees the <a href="/wiki/Marca_Hisp%C3%A1nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Marca Hispánica">Marca Hispánica</a> was established next to the <a href="/wiki/Septimania" title="Septimania">Marca Gothica</a>, a Frankish attempt at creating <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer states</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian empire">Carolingian empire</a> and the Emirate of Córdoba. </p><p>The Franks under Charlemagne extended their influence and control southward, occupying several regions of the north and east of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. It is unclear how solidly the Franks exercised control over Pamplona. In 778, Charlemagne was invited by rebellious Muslim lords on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_March" title="Upper March">Upper March</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> to lead an expedition south with the intention of taking the city of <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> from the Emirate of Córdoba. However, the expedition was a failure, and the Frankish army was forced to withdraw. During their retreat, they destroyed the city walls of Pamplona to weaken the city and avoid a possible rebellion,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJimeno_Jurío2004_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimeno_Jurío2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reminiscent of the approach the Carolingians had used elsewhere against Christian cities that seemed content to live under Córdoban control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012280_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012280-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, while moving through the Pyrenees on 15 August 778, the rearguard of the Frankish army, led by <a href="/wiki/Roland" title="Roland">Roland</a> was attacked by the Basque tribes in a confrontation that came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncevaux_Pass" title="Battle of Roncevaux Pass">Battle of Roncevaux Pass</a>. Roland was killed and the rearguard scattered. As a response to the attempted Frankish seizure of Zaragoza, the Córdoban emir retook the city of Pamplona and its surrounding lands. In 781 two local Basque lords, Ibn Balask ("son of Velasco"), and Mothmin al-Akra ("Jimeno <i>the Strong</i>") were defeated and forced to submit. The next mention of Pamplona is in 799, when Mutarrif ibn Musa, thought to have been a governor of the city and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Muwallad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muwallad">muwallad</a> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qasi" title="Banu Qasi">Banu Qasi</a> family, was killed there by a pro-Frankish faction. </p><p>During this period, Basque territory extended on the west to somewhere around the headwaters of the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> river.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1989159_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1989159-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Equally <a href="/wiki/Einhart" class="mw-redirect" title="Einhart">Einhart</a>'s <i>Vita Karoli Magni</i> pinpoints the source of the Ebro in the land of the Navarrese.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this western region fell under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen%C3%ADnsula_ib%C3%A9rica_814.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pen%C3%ADnsula_ib%C3%A9rica_814.svg/250px-Pen%C3%ADnsula_ib%C3%A9rica_814.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pen%C3%ADnsula_ib%C3%A9rica_814.svg/375px-Pen%C3%ADnsula_ib%C3%A9rica_814.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pen%C3%ADnsula_ib%C3%A9rica_814.svg/500px-Pen%C3%ADnsula_ib%C3%A9rica_814.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Vasconia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Vasconia">Duchy of Vasconia</a> in 814</figcaption></figure> <p>The Franks renewed their attempts to control the region and in 806 took Navarre under their protection. Following a truce between the Frankish kingdom and Córdoba, in 812 <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> went to Pamplona, likely to establish there a county that would prove short-lived. However, continued rebellion in Gascony rendered Frankish control south of the Pyrenees tenuous,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012281_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012281-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Emirate was able to reclaim the region following victory in the 816 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pancorbo_(816)" title="Battle of Pancorbo (816)">Battle of Pancorbo</a>, in which they defeated and killed the "enemy of Allah", Balask al-Yalaski (Velasco the Gascon), along with the uncle of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II_of_Asturias" title="Alfonso II of Asturias">Alfonso II of Asturias</a>, Garcia ibn Lubb ('son of Lupus'), Sancho, the 'premier knight of Pamplona', and the pagan warrior Ṣaltān. North of the Pyrenees in the same year, Louis the Pious removed <a href="/wiki/Seguin_I_of_Gascony" title="Seguin I of Gascony">Seguin</a> as Duke of Vasconia, which initiated a rebellion,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led by <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_I_Jim%C3%A9nez_of_Gascony" title="García I Jiménez of Gascony">Garcia Jiménez</a>, who was killed in 818. Louis's son <a href="/wiki/Pepin_I_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin I of Aquitaine">Pepin</a>, then King of Aquitaine, stamped out the Vasconic revolt in Gascony then hunted the chieftains who had taken refuge in southern Vasconia, i.e., Pamplona and Navarre, no longer controlled by the Franks. He sent an army led by the counts <a href="/wiki/Aeblus" title="Aeblus">Aeblus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aznar_Sanchez_of_Gascony" class="mw-redirect" title="Aznar Sanchez of Gascony">Aznar Sanchez</a> (the latter being appointed lord, but not duke, of Vasconia by Pepin after suppressing the uprising in the duchy), accomplishing their goals with no resistance in Pamplona (which still lacked walls after the 778 destruction). On the way back, however, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncevaux_Pass_(824)" title="Battle of Roncevaux Pass (824)">they were ambushed and defeated</a> in Roncevaux by a force probably composed both of Basques and the Córdoba-allied muwallad <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qasi" title="Banu Qasi">Banu Qasi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nascent_state_and_kingdom">Nascent state and kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nascent state and kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_by_Iñigo_Arista"><span id="Establishment_by_I.C3.B1igo_Arista"></span>Establishment by Iñigo Arista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Establishment by Iñigo Arista"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Out of the pattern of competing Frankish and Córdoban interests, the Basque chieftain <a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Íñigo Arista of Pamplona">Íñigo Arista</a> took power.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tradition tells he was elected as king of Pamplona in 824, giving rise to a dynasty of kings in Pamplona that would last for eighty years. However, the region around Pamplona continued to fall within the sphere of influence of Córdoba, presumably as part of its broader frontier region, the <a href="/wiki/Upper_March" title="Upper March">Upper March</a>, ruled by Íñigo's half-brother, <a href="/wiki/Musa_ibn_Musa_al-Qasawi" title="Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi">Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi</a>. The city was allowed to remain <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> and have its own administration but had to pay the traditional taxes to the emirate,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002324_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002324-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">jizya</a></i> assessed on non-Muslims living under their control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012284_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012284-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Íñigo Arista is mentioned in Arab records as <i>sâhib</i> (lord) or <i>amîr</i> of the Vascones (<i>bashkunish</i>) and not as <i>malik</i> (king) or <i>tâgiya</i> (tyrant) used for the kings of Asturias and France, indicating the lower status of these <i>ulûj</i> (barbarians, not accepting Islam) within the Córdoba sphere.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 841, in concert with Musa ibn Musa, Íñigo rebelled. Although Musa was eventually forced to submit, Íñigo was still in rebellion at the time of his death in 851/2. </p><p>Pamplona and Navarre are distinguished in Carolingian chronicles. Pamplona is cited in 778 as a Navarrese stronghold, which may be due to their lack of information about the Basque territory. The chronicles did distinguish between Navarre and its main town in 806 (<i>In Hispania, vero Navarrensis et Pampelonensis</i>), while the <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Fontenelle" title="Annals of Fontenelle">Annals of Fontenelle</a></i> refers to "<i>Induonis et Mitionis, ducum Navarrorum</i>" (Induo [Íñigo Arista] and Mitio [perhaps Jimeno], dukes of the Navarrese). However, Arab chroniclers make no such distinctions, and just refer to the <i>Baskunisi</i>, a transliteration of <i><a href="/wiki/Vascones" title="Vascones">Vascones</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990135_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since a big majority of the population was Basque.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primitive Navarre may have comprised the valleys of Goñi, Gesalaz, Lana, Allin, Deierri, Berrueza and Mañeru, which later formed the <i>merindad</i> of Estella. </p><p>The role of Pamplona as a focus coordinating both rebellion against and accommodation with Córdoba seen under Íñigo would continue under his son, <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="García Íñiguez of Pamplona">García Íñiguez</a> (851/2–882), who formed alliances with Asturias, Gascons, Aragonese and with families in Zaragoza opposed to Musa ibn Musa. This established a pattern of raids and counter-raids, capturing slaves and treasure, as well as full military campaigns that would restore full Córdoban control with renewed oaths of fidelity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012281_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012281-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son <a href="/wiki/Fort%C3%BAn_Garc%C3%A9s_of_Pamplona" title="Fortún Garcés of Pamplona">Fortún Garcés</a> (882-905) spent two decades in Córdoban captivity before succeeding in Pamplona as vassal of the emirate. Neither of these kings would make significant territorial expansion. This period of a fractious, but in the end subservient, Navarre came to an end amidst a period when generalized rebellion within the emirate prevented them from being able to suppress the inertial forces in the western Pyrenees. The ineffectual Fortún was forced to abdicate in favor of a new dynasty from the vehemently anti-Muslim east of Navarre, the founders of which took a less accommodationist view. With this change, al-Andalus sources shift to calling the Pamplona rulers 'tyrants', as with the independent kings of Asturias: Pamplona had passed out of the Córdoban sphere.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012284–286_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012284–286-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jiménez_rule"><span id="Jim.C3.A9nez_rule"></span>Jiménez rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jiménez rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Iberian_Peninsula_910-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_910-es.svg/220px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_910-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_910-es.svg/330px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_910-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_910-es.svg/440px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_910-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>The Kingdom of Pamplona (Navarra, orange) c. 910</figcaption></figure> <p>After taking the political power from Fortún Garcés, <a href="/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho I of Pamplona">Sancho Garcés</a> (905–925), son of Dadilde, sister of <a href="/wiki/Raymond_I,_Count_of_Pallars_and_Ribagorza" title="Raymond I, Count of Pallars and Ribagorza">Raymond I, Count of Pallars and Ribagorza</a>, proclaimed himself king,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002405_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002405-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> terminating the alliance with the Emirate of Córdoba and expanding its domains through the course of the <a href="/wiki/Ega_(river)" title="Ega (river)">River Ega</a> all the way south to the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> and taking the regions of <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1jera" title="Nájera">Nájera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calahorra" title="Calahorra">Calahorra</a>, which caused the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qasi" title="Banu Qasi">Banu Qasi</a> family, who ruled these lands. As a response, <a href="/wiki/Abd-ar-Rahman_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd-ar-Rahman III">Abd-ar-Rahman III</a> undertook two expeditions to these lands, earning a victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valdejunquera" title="Battle of Valdejunquera">Battle of Valdejunquera</a>, after which the emirate retook the lands south of the River Ebro, and by 924 attacked Pamplona. The daughter of Sancho Garcés, Sancha, was married to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">King of León</a> <a href="/wiki/Ordo%C3%B1o_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ordoño II of León">Ordoño II</a>, establishing an alliance with the Leónese kingdom and ensuring the Calahorra region. The valleys of the <a href="/wiki/Arag%C3%B3n_(river)" title="Aragón (river)">River Aragón</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1llego_(river)" title="Gállego (river)">River Gállego</a> all the way down to <a href="/wiki/Sobrarbe" title="Sobrarbe">Sobrarbe</a> also ended up under control of Pamplona,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199373_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199373-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to the west the lands of the kingdom reached the counties of Álava and Castile, which were under control of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a>. The kingdom had at this time an extent of about 15,000 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque1993327_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque1993327-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Albelda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Albelda">Chronicle of Albelda</a></i> (last updated in 976) outlines the extent in 905 of the Kingdom of Pamplona for the first time. It extended to Nájera and Arba (arguably <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">Araba</a>). Some historians believe that this suggests that it included the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Western Basque Country</a> as well: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In era DCCCCXLIIII surrexit in Panpilona rex nomine Sancio Garseanis. Fidei Xpi inseparabiliterque uenerantissimus fuit, pius in omnibus fidefibus misericorsque oppressis catholicis. Quid multa? In omnibus operibus obtimus perstitit. Belligerator aduersus gentes Ysmaelitarum multipficiter strages gessit super Sarrazenos. Idem cepit per Cantabriam a Nagerense urbe usque ad Tutelam omnia castra. Terram quidem Degensem cum opidis cunctam possideuit. Arbam namque Panpilonensem suo iuri subdidit, necnon cum castris omne territorium Aragonense capit. Dehinc expulsis omnibus biotenatis XX' regni sue anno migrauit a seculo. Sepultus sancti Stefani portico regnat cum Xpo in polo (Obiit Sancio Garseanis era DCCCCLXIIII).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_era" title="Spanish era">Era</a> 944 [AD 905] arose in Pamplona a king named <a href="/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho I of Pamplona">Sancio Garseanis</a>. He was a man of unbreakable devotion to the faith of Christ, pious with all the faithful and merciful with oppressed Catholics. What more? In all his actions he performed as a great warrior against the people of the <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Ismailites</a>; he inflicted multiple disasters on the Saracens. This same captured all the fortified places in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cantabria" title="Duchy of Cantabria">Cantabria</a>, from the city of <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1jera" title="Nájera">Nájera</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a>. Indeed he possessed all the land of Degium [Monjardín, near <a href="/wiki/Estella-Lizarra" title="Estella-Lizarra">Lizarra</a>] with its towns. The "Arba" of Pamplona he submitted to his law, and conquered as well all the country of <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> [then <a href="/wiki/Jaca" title="Jaca">Jaca</a> and nearby lands] with its fortresses. Later, after suppressing all infidels, the twentieth year of his reign he left this world. Buried in the portal of Saint Stephen [Monjardín], he reigns with Christ in Heaven (King Sancho Garcés died in the era 964 [925]).</p></blockquote> <p>After the death of Sancho Garcés, the crown passed to his brother, <a href="/wiki/Jimeno_Garc%C3%A9s_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimeno Garcés of Pamplona">Jimeno Garcés</a> (925–931), joined by Sancho's underage son, <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_I_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez I of Pamplona">García Sánchez</a> (931–970), in his last year. García continued to rule under the tutelage of his mother, Sancho's widow <a href="/wiki/Toda_of_Pamplona" title="Toda of Pamplona">Toda Aznarez</a>, who also engineered several political marriages with the other Christian kingdoms and counties of northern Iberia. Oneca was married to <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IV_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IV of León">Alfonso IV of León</a> and her sister <a href="/wiki/Urraca_S%C3%A1nchez_of_Pamplona" title="Urraca Sánchez of Pamplona">Urraca</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ramiro_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ramiro II of León">Ramiro II of León</a>, while other daughters of Sancho were married to counts of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_%C3%81lava" title="County of Álava">Álava</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Bigorre" title="County of Bigorre">Bigorre</a>. The marriage of the Pamplonese King García Sánchez with <a href="/wiki/Andregoto_Gal%C3%ADndez" title="Andregoto Galíndez">Andregoto Galíndez</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Galindo_Azn%C3%A1rez_II" title="Galindo Aznárez II">Galindo Aznárez II</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Aragon" title="County of Aragon">Count of Aragon</a> linked the eastern county to the kingdom. In 934, he invited <a href="/wiki/Abd-ar-Rahman_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd-ar-Rahman III">Abd-ar-Rahman III</a> to intervene in the kingdom in order to emancipate himself from his mother, and this began a period of tributary status by Pamplona and frequent punitive campaigns from Córdoba. </p><p>García Sánchez's heir, <a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho II of Pamplona">Sancho II</a> (970–994), set up his half brother, <a href="/wiki/Ramiro_Garc%C3%A9s_of_Viguera" title="Ramiro Garcés of Viguera">Ramiro Garcés of Viguera</a>, to rule in the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Viguera" title="Kingdom of Viguera">Kingdom of Viguera</a>. The <i>Historia General de Navarra</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Jaime_del_Burgo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaime del Burgo">Jaime del Burgo</a>, says that on the occasion of the donation of the <a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">villa</a> of Alastue by the king of Pamplona to the monastery of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan de la Peña">San Juan de la Peña</a> in 987, he styled himself "King of Navarre", the first time that title had been used. In many places he appears as the first King of Navarre and in others the third; however, he was at least the seventh <a href="/wiki/King_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Pamplona">king of Pamplona</a>. </p><p>During the late 10th century, <a href="/wiki/Almanzor" title="Almanzor">Almanzor</a>, the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Al_Andalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Andalus">Al Andalus</a>, frequently led raids against the Christian kingdoms, and attacked the Pamplonese lands on at least nine occasions. In 966, clashes between the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a> and the kingdom resulted in the loss of Calahorra and the valley of the River <a href="/wiki/Cidacos" title="Cidacos">Cidacos</a>. Sancho II, while allied with Castilian militias, suffered a grave defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torrevicente" title="Battle of Torrevicente">Battle of Torrevicente</a>. Sancho II was forced to hand over one of his daughters and one of his sons as tokens of peace. After the death of Sancho II and during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_II_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez II of Pamplona">García Sánchez II</a>, Pamplona was attacked by the caliphate on several occasions, being completely destroyed in 999,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002407_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002407-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the King himself killed during a raid in the year 1000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199373–78_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199373–78-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of García Sánchez II, the crown passed to <a href="/wiki/Sancho_III_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancho III of Navarre">Sancho III</a>, just eight years old at the time, and probably completely controlled by the caliphate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199378_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199378-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first years of his reign the kingdom was ruled by his cousins Sancho and García of Viguera until the year 1004, when Sancho III would become ruling king, mentored by his mother Jimena Fernández. The links with Castile became stronger through marriages. The death of Almanzor in 1002 and his successor <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan</a> in 1008 caused the decline of the Caliphate of Córdoba and the progress of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">County of Castile</a> south, while Pamplona, led by Sancho Garcés III, strengthen the position of his kingdom on the borderlands of the <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Zaragoza" title="Taifa of Zaragoza">Taifa of Zaragoza</a>, controlling the territories of <a href="/wiki/Loarre" title="Loarre">Loarre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funes,_Navarra" title="Funes, Navarra">Funes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sos_del_Rey_Cat%C3%B3lico" title="Sos del Rey Católico">Sos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uncastillo" title="Uncastillo">Uncastillo</a>, Arlas, <a href="/wiki/Caparroso" title="Caparroso">Caparroso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolta%C3%B1a" title="Boltaña">Boltaña</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1000-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1000-es.svg/250px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1000-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1000-es.svg/375px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1000-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1000-es.svg/500px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1000-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>The Kingdom of Pamplona (dark orange) in 1000</figcaption></figure> <p>In the year 1011 Sancho III married <a href="/wiki/Muniadona_of_Castile" title="Muniadona of Castile">Muniadona of Castile</a>, daughter of the Count of Castile, <a href="/wiki/Sancho_Garc%C3%ADa_of_Castile" title="Sancho García of Castile">Sancho García</a>. In 1016 the County of Castile and the Kingdom of Navarre made a pact on their future expansion: Pamplona would expand towards the south and east, the eastern region of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Soria</a> and the Ebro valley, including territories that were at the time part of <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Zaragoza" title="Taifa of Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199383_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199383-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the Kingdom of Pamplona comprised a territory of 15,000 km<sup>2</sup> between Pamplona, Nájera and Aragón with vassals of Pamplonese and Aragonese origin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002408_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002408-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The assassination of Count García Sánchez of Castile in 1028 allowed Sancho to appoint his younger son Ferdinand as count. He also exerted a protectorate over the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Gascony" title="Duchy of Gascony">Duchy of Gascony</a>. He seized the country of the Pisuerga and the Cea, which belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">Kingdom of León</a>, and marched armies to the heart of that kingdom, forcing king <a href="/wiki/Bermudo_III_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Bermudo III of León">Bermudo III of León</a> to flee to a <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galician</a> refuge. Sancho thereby effectively ruled the north of Iberia from the boundaries of Galicia to those of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">County of Barcelona</a>. </p><p>By the time of the death of Sancho III in 1035, the kingdom had reached its greatest historical extent. Sancho III wrote a problematic will, in which he divided his territory into three kingdoms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_affairs">Ecclesiastical affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this period of independence, the ecclesiastical affairs of the country reached a high state of development. Sancho the Great was brought up at <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Leyre" title="Monastery of Leyre">Leyre</a>, which was also for a short time the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Pamplona">Diocese of Pamplona</a>. Beside this see, there existed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishopric_of_Oca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bishopric of Oca (page does not exist)">Bishopric of Oca</a>, which was united in 1079 to the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Burgos" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Burgos">Diocese of Burgos</a>. In 1035 Sancho III re-established the <a href="/wiki/See_of_Palencia" class="mw-redirect" title="See of Palencia">See of Palencia</a>, which had been laid waste at the time of the Moorish invasion. When, in 1045, the city of Calahorra was wrested from the Moors, under whose dominion it had been for more than three hundred years, a see was also founded there, which in the same year absorbed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Najera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diocese of Najera (page does not exist)">Diocese of Najera</a> and, in 1088, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Alava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diocese of Alava (page does not exist)">Diocese of Alava</a>, the jurisdiction of which covered about the same ground as that of the present <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Vitoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Vitoria">Diocese of Vitoria</a>. The See of Pamplona owed its re-establishment to Sancho III, who for this purpose convened a synod at Leyre in 1022 and one at Pamplona in 1023. These synods likewise instituted a reform of ecclesiastical life, with the above-named convent as a centre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dismemberment">Dismemberment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dismemberment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Division_of_Sancho's_domains"><span id="Division_of_Sancho.27s_domains"></span>Division of Sancho's domains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Division of Sancho's domains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdom_of_Pamplona_(c.1000).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kingdom_of_Pamplona_%28c.1000%29.gif/220px-Kingdom_of_Pamplona_%28c.1000%29.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kingdom_of_Pamplona_%28c.1000%29.gif/330px-Kingdom_of_Pamplona_%28c.1000%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kingdom_of_Pamplona_%28c.1000%29.gif/440px-Kingdom_of_Pamplona_%28c.1000%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption>Domains of Sancho III the Great<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> Kingdom of Pamplona</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff8000; color:black;"> </span> other possessions</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff80ff; color:black;"> </span> direct influence</div></figcaption></figure> <p>At its greatest extent the Kingdom of Navarre included all the modern Spanish province; the northern slope of the western Pyrenees the Spaniards called the <i>ultra puertos</i> ("country beyond the mountain passes") or French Navarre; the Basque provinces of Spain and France; the Bureba, the valley between the Basque mountains and the Montes de Oca to the north of <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>; and the Rioja and Tarazona in the upper valley of the Ebro.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his death, Sancho divided his possessions among his four sons. Sancho the Great's realm was never again united (until <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_the_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand the Catholic">Ferdinand the Catholic</a>): Castile was permanently joined to León, whereas <a href="/wiki/County_of_Aragon" title="County of Aragon">Aragon</a> enlarged its territory, joining Catalonia through a marriage. </p><p>Following the traditional succession customs, the first-born son of Sancho III, <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_III_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="García Sánchez III of Navarre">García Sánchez III</a>, received the title and lands of the Kingdom of Pamplona, which included the territory of <a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1jera" title="Nájera">Nájera</a> and parts of Aragon. The rest of the territory was given to his widow <a href="/wiki/Muniadona_of_Castile" title="Muniadona of Castile">Muniadona of Castile</a> to split among all the legitimate sons: thus García Sánchez III also received the territory to the northeast from the County of Castile (<a href="/wiki/La_Bureba" title="La Bureba">La Bureba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montes_de_Oca_(comarca)" title="Montes de Oca (comarca)">Montes de Oca</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/County_of_%C3%81lava" title="County of Álava">County of Álava</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ferdinand I of León">Ferdinand</a> received the rest of the County of Castile and the lands between the Pisuerga and the Cea. Another son of Sancho, <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_of_Sobrarbe_and_Ribagorza" title="Gonzalo of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza">Gonzalo</a>, received the counties of <a href="/wiki/Sobrarbe" title="Sobrarbe">Sobrarbe</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Ribagorza" title="County of Ribagorza">Ribargoza</a> as vassal of his eldest brother, García. Lands in Aragon were allotted to Sancho's bastard son <a href="/wiki/Ramiro_I_of_Aragon" title="Ramiro I of Aragon">Ramiro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partition_and_union_with_Aragon">Partition and union with Aragon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Partition and union with Aragon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1037-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1037-es.svg/220px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1037-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1037-es.svg/330px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1037-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1037-es.svg/440px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1037-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>Navarre (yellow) in 1037</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reparto_del_reino_de_Navarra_tras_la_muerte_de_Sancho_IV_El_de_Pe%C3%B1al%C3%A9n.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Reparto_del_reino_de_Navarra_tras_la_muerte_de_Sancho_IV_El_de_Pe%C3%B1al%C3%A9n.svg/220px-Reparto_del_reino_de_Navarra_tras_la_muerte_de_Sancho_IV_El_de_Pe%C3%B1al%C3%A9n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Reparto_del_reino_de_Navarra_tras_la_muerte_de_Sancho_IV_El_de_Pe%C3%B1al%C3%A9n.svg/330px-Reparto_del_reino_de_Navarra_tras_la_muerte_de_Sancho_IV_El_de_Pe%C3%B1al%C3%A9n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Reparto_del_reino_de_Navarra_tras_la_muerte_de_Sancho_IV_El_de_Pe%C3%B1al%C3%A9n.svg/440px-Reparto_del_reino_de_Navarra_tras_la_muerte_de_Sancho_IV_El_de_Pe%C3%B1al%C3%A9n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>Division of the Kingdom of Pamplona after the death of Sancho Garcés IV in 1076 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#eeaaff; color:black;"> </span> Area occupied by <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI of Castile</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffaaaa; color:black;"> </span> Area occupied by <a href="/wiki/Sancho_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Sancho Ramírez">Sancho Ramírez of Aragon</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#87de87; color:black;"> </span> County of Navarre, vassal of Castile</div></figcaption></figure> <p>García Sánchez III (1035–1054) soon found himself struggling for supremacy against his ambitious brothers, especially Ferdinand. García had supported the armed conflict between Ferdinand and his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Bermudo_III_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Bermudo III of León">Bermudo III of León</a>, who was ultimately killed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tamar%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Tamarón">Battle of Tamarón</a> (1037). This allowed Ferdinand to unite his Castilian county with the new-won crown of León as king Ferdinand I. For several years a mutual collaboration between the two kingdoms took place. The relationship between García and his step-brother Ramiro was better. The latter had acquired all of Aragon, Ribagorza and Sobrarbe on the sudden death of his brother Gonzalo, forming what would become the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Kingdom of Aragon</a>. García and Ramiro's alliance with <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Berenguer_I,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona">Ramon Berenguer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Barcelona" title="Count of Barcelona">Count of Barcelona</a>, was effective to keep the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Zaragoza" title="Taifa of Zaragoza">Taifa of Zaragoza</a> at bay. After the capture of <a href="/wiki/Calahorra" title="Calahorra">Calahorra</a> in 1044, a period peace followed on the southern border and trade was established with Zaragoza.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199385–86_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199385–86-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relationship between García and Ferdinand deteriorated with time, the two disputing the lands on the Pamplonese-Castilian border,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002410_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002410-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ended violently in September 1054 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Atapuerca" title="Battle of Atapuerca">Battle of Atapuerca</a>, in which García was killed, and Ferdinand took from Pamplona the lands in <a href="/wiki/La_Bureba" title="La Bureba">La Bureba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tir%C3%B3n_River" title="Tirón River">Tirón River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993106_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993106-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>García was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancho IV of Navarre">Sancho IV</a> (1054–1076) <i>of Peñalén</i>, whom Ferdinand had recognised as king of Pamplona immediately after the death of his father. He was fourteen years old at the time, and under the regency of his mother <a href="/wiki/Stephanie,_Queen_of_Navarre" title="Stephanie, Queen of Navarre">Stephanie</a> and his uncles Ferdinand and Ramiro. After the death of his mother in 1058, Sancho IV lost the support of the local nobility, and the relations between them worsened after he became allied with <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Muqtadir" title="Ahmad al-Muqtadir">Ahmad al-Muqtadir</a>, ruler of Zaragoza.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199386_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199386-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 June 1076, a conspiracy involving Sancho IV's brother Ramón and sister Ermesinda ended with the murder of the king. The neighboring kingdoms and the nobility probably had a part in the plot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199387_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199387-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dynastic crisis resulting from Sancho's assassination worked to the benefit of the Castilian and Aragonese monarchs. <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI of León and Castile</a> took control of <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Biscay" title="Lordship of Biscay">Lordship of Biscay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/County_of_%C3%81lava" title="County of Álava">County of Álava</a>, the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Durango" title="County of Durango">County of Durango</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002411_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002411-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sancho_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Sancho Ramírez">Sancho Ramírez</a>, successor to his father, Ramiro of Aragon, took control of the rest of the territory and was recognised as king by the Pamplonese nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199387_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199387-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The land around the city of Pamplona, the core of the original kingdom, became known as the County of Navarre, and was recognised by Alfonso VI as a vassal state of the kingdom of León and Castile. Sancho Ramírez began in 1084 a renewed military expansion of the southern lands controlled by Muslim forces. That year, the city of <a href="/wiki/Arguedas,_Navarre" title="Arguedas, Navarre">Arguedas</a>, from which the <a href="/wiki/Bardenas_Reales" title="Bardenas Reales">Bardenas</a> region could be controlled, was taken. After the death of Sancho Ramírez in 1094, he was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Aragon_and_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Aragon and Navarre">Peter I</a>, who resumed the expansion of the territory, taking the cities of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1daba" title="Sádaba">Sádaba</a> in 1096 and <a href="/wiki/Milagro,_Navarre" title="Milagro, Navarre">Milagro</a> in 1098, while threatening <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza199398_and_102_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza199398_and_102-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_the_Battler" title="Alfonso the Battler">Alfonso the Battler</a> (1104–1134), brother of Peter I, secured for the country its greatest territorial expansion. He wrested <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a> from the Moors (1114), re-conquered the entire country of Bureba, which Navarre had lost in 1042, and advanced into the current <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Province of Burgos</a>. He also annexed <a href="/wiki/Labourd" title="Labourd">Labourd</a>, with its strategic port of <a href="/wiki/Bayonne" title="Bayonne">Bayonne</a>, but lost its coastal half to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Duchy of Aquitaine</a> soon after. The remainder has been part of Navarre since then and eventually came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a>. Toward the south, he moved the Islamic border to the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> river, with Rioja, Nájera, <a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calahorra" title="Calahorra">Calahorra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alfaro,_La_Rioja" title="Alfaro, La Rioja">Alfaro</a> added to his domain. In 1118, the city of <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> was taken by the Aragonese forces, and on 25 February 1119 the city of Tudela was taken and incorporated into Pamplona.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993104_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993104-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1127 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_T%C3%A1mara" title="Peace of Támara">Peace of Támara</a> delimited the territorial domains of the Castilian and Aragonese realms, the latter including Pamplona. The lands of Biscay, Álava, Gipuzkoa, <a href="/wiki/Belorado" title="Belorado">Belorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soria" title="Soria">Soria</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Esteban_de_Gormaz" title="San Esteban de Gormaz">San Esteban de Gormaz</a> went back to the Pamplonese kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESerrano_IzcoLeoné2006125_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESerrano_IzcoLeoné2006125-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration_and_the_loss_of_western_Navarre">Restoration and the loss of western Navarre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Restoration and the loss of western Navarre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The status quo between Aragon and Castile stood until the 1134 death of Alfonso. Being childless, he willed his realm to the military orders, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Templars</a>. This decision was rejected by the cortes (parliaments) of both <a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Aragon" title="Cortes of Aragon">Aragon</a> and Navarre, which then chose separate kings. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre" title="García Ramírez of Navarre">García Ramírez</a>, known as <i>the Restorer</i>, was the first King of Navarre to use such a title. He was Lord of <a href="/wiki/Monz%C3%B3n" title="Monzón">Monzón</a>, a grandson of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, <a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">El Cid</a>, and a descendant by illegitimate line of King García Sánchez III. <a href="/wiki/Sancho_VI_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VI of Navarre">Sancho Garcia</a>, known as Sancho VI "the Wise" (1150–1194), a patron of learning, as well as an accomplished statesman, fortified Navarre within and without, granted charters (<a href="/wiki/Fuero" title="Fuero">fueros</a>) to a number of towns, and was never defeated in battle. He was the first king to issue royal documents entitling him <i>rex Navarrae</i> or <i>rex Navarrorum</i>, appealing to a wider power base, defined as politico-juridical by Urzainqui (a "populus"), beyond <a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> and the customary <i>rex Pampilonensium</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola199894_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola199894-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As attested in the charters of San Sebastián and Vitoria-Gasteiz (1181), the natives are called <i>Navarri</i>, as well as in another contemporary document at least, where those living to the north of <a href="/wiki/Peralta,_Navarre" title="Peralta, Navarre">Peralta</a> are defined as Navarrese.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Espa%C3%B1a_1190.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Espa%C3%B1a_1190.jpg/220px-Espa%C3%B1a_1190.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Espa%C3%B1a_1190.jpg/330px-Espa%C3%B1a_1190.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Espa%C3%B1a_1190.jpg/440px-Espa%C3%B1a_1190.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Navarre (light green) in 1190</figcaption></figure> <p><i>The Restorer</i> and Sancho the Wise were faced with an ever-increasing intervention of Castile in Navarre. In 1170, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_of_Castile" title="Alfonso VIII of Castile">Alfonso VIII of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile">Eleanor</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a>, married, with the Castilian king claiming <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Gascony" title="Duchy of Gascony">Gascony</a> as part of the dowry. It turned out a much needed pretext for the invasion of Navarre during the following years (1173–1176), with a special focus on Navarre's coastal districts, coveted by Castile in order to become a maritime power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998111_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998111-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1177, the dispute was submitted to arbitration by Henry II of England. The Navarrese made their point on a number of claims, namely "the proven will of the locals" (<i>fide naturalium hominum suorum exhibita</i>), the assassination of the King <a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancho IV of Navarre">Sancho Garces IV of Navarre</a> by the Castilians (<i>per violentiam fuit expulsus</i>, 1076), as well as law and custom, while the Castilians made their case by citing the Castilian takeover following the death of Sancho Garces IV, the dynastic links of Alfonso with Navarre, and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toledo_(1085)" title="Siege of Toledo (1085)">conquest of Toledo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998152_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998152-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry did not dare issue a verdict based entirely on the legal grounds as presented by both sides, instead deciding to refer them back to the boundaries held by both kingdoms at the start of their reigns in 1158, besides agreeing to a truce of seven years. It thus confirmed the permanent loss of the Bureba and Rioja areas for the Navarrese.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998115_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998115-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, soon, Castile breached the compromise, starting a renewed effort to harass Navarre both in the diplomatic and military arenas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998116_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998116-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rich dowry of <a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Navarre" title="Berengaria of Navarre">Berengaria</a>, daughter of Sancho VI the Wise and <a href="/wiki/Sancha_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Navarre" title="Sancha of Castile, Queen of Navarre">Blanche of Castile</a>, made her a desirable catch for <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a>. His mother, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a>, crossed the Pyrenean passes to escort Berengaria to Sicily, eventually to wed Richard in Cyprus, on 12 May 1191. She remains the only Queen of England who never set foot in England during her reign. The reign of Sancho the Wise's successor, the last king of the male line of Sancho the Great and the kings of Pamplona, <a href="/wiki/Sancho_VII_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VII of Navarre">Sancho VII the Strong</a> (<i>Sancho el Fuerte</i>) (1194–1234), was more troubled. He appropriated the revenues of churches and convents, granting them instead important privileges; in 1198 he presented to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Pamplona_and_Tudela" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pamplona and Tudela">See of Pamplona</a> his palaces and possessions there; this gift was confirmed by Pope Innocent III on 29 January 1199. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AntsoVIIArrano.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/AntsoVIIArrano.JPG/220px-AntsoVIIArrano.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/AntsoVIIArrano.JPG/330px-AntsoVIIArrano.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/AntsoVIIArrano.JPG/440px-AntsoVIIArrano.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Sigil</a> of King <a href="/wiki/Sancho_VII_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VII of Navarre">Sancho VII the Strong</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1199 <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_of_Castile" title="Alfonso VIII of Castile">Alfonso VIII of Castile</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Sancho_III_of_Castile" title="Sancho III of Castile">Sancho III of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blanca_of_Navarre,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Blanca of Navarre, Queen of Castile">Blanche of Navarre</a>, was determined to take over coastal Navarre, a strategic region that would allow Castile much easier access to European wool markets and would isolate Navarre as well. He launched a massive expedition against Navarre.Sancho the Strong was abroad in <a href="/wiki/Tlemcen" title="Tlemcen">Tlemcen</a> (modern Algeria) seeking support to counter the Castilian push, by opening a second front. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_III" title="Pope Celestine III">Pope Celestine III</a> intervened to frustrate the alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The towns of <a href="/wiki/Vitoria,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitoria, Spain">Vitoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trevi%C3%B1o" title="Treviño">Treviño</a> resisted the Castilian assault but the Bishop of Pamplona was sent to inform them that no reinforcements would arrive. After nine months of siege, Vitoria surrendered, but Treviño did not, having to be conquered by force of arms. By 1200 the conquest of western Navarre was complete. Castile allowed these territories (with the exceptions of Treviño and <a href="/wiki/O%C3%B1ati" title="Oñati">Oñati</a>, which were directly ruled from Castile) the right to keep their traditional customs and laws (<i>viz.</i>, Navarrese law), which came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Fueros" class="mw-redirect" title="Fueros">fueros</a>. Alava was made a county, Biscay a <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Biscay" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of Biscay">lordship</a> and Gipuzkoa just a province. In 1207, an arrangement in Guadalajara between both kings sealed a 5-year truce over the occupied territories; still Castile kept a <i>fait accompli</i> policy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sancho the Strong would join in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Navas_de_Tolosa" title="Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa">Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa</a> (1212), where he added his small force to the Christian alliance that was victorious over the Caliph <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Nasir" title="Muhammad al-Nasir">Muhammand An-Nasir</a>. He suffered from a varicose ulcer in his leg that led him to retire to Tudela, where he died in 1234. His elder sister Berengaria, Queen of England, had died childless some years earlier. His deceased younger sister <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Navarre,_Countess_of_Champagne" title="Blanche of Navarre, Countess of Champagne">Blanca, countess of Champagne</a>, had left a son, <a href="/wiki/Theobald_IV_of_Champagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Theobald IV of Champagne">Theobald IV of Champagne</a>. Thus the Kingdom of Navarre, though the crown was still claimed by the kings of Aragon, passed by marriage<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the House of Champagne, firstly to the heirs of Blanca, who were simultaneously <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Champagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Champagne">counts of Champagne and Brie</a>, with the support of the Navarrese Parliament (<i>Cortes</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Navarre_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages">Navarre in the Late Middle Ages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Navarre in the Late Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rule_by_Champagne_and_France">Rule by Champagne and France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rule by Champagne and France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Monarchs_Navarre_(1328-1425)_with_the_Royal_Crest.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Arms_of_the_Monarchs_Navarre_%281328-1425%29_with_the_Royal_Crest.svg/220px-Arms_of_the_Monarchs_Navarre_%281328-1425%29_with_the_Royal_Crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="406" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Arms_of_the_Monarchs_Navarre_%281328-1425%29_with_the_Royal_Crest.svg/330px-Arms_of_the_Monarchs_Navarre_%281328-1425%29_with_the_Royal_Crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Arms_of_the_Monarchs_Navarre_%281328-1425%29_with_the_Royal_Crest.svg/440px-Arms_of_the_Monarchs_Navarre_%281328-1425%29_with_the_Royal_Crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>Arms of the monarchs of Navarre of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%89vreux" title="House of Évreux">House of Évreux</a> with the royal crest</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trait%C3%A9_de_Bretigny.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trait%C3%A9_de_Bretigny.svg/220px-Trait%C3%A9_de_Bretigny.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trait%C3%A9_de_Bretigny.svg/330px-Trait%C3%A9_de_Bretigny.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trait%C3%A9_de_Bretigny.svg/440px-Trait%C3%A9_de_Bretigny.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Navarre possessions in France 1360</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_France_1477-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_France_1477-en.svg/280px-Map_France_1477-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_France_1477-en.svg/420px-Map_France_1477-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_France_1477-en.svg/560px-Map_France_1477-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>Map of France and the Pyrenees in 1477 showing the Kingdom of Navarre and the Principality of Béarn</figcaption></figure> <p>Theobald I made of his court a centre where the poetry of the troubadours that had developed at the court of the counts of Champagne was welcomed and fostered; his reign was peaceful. His son, King <a href="/wiki/Theobald_II_of_Navarre" title="Theobald II of Navarre">Theobald II</a> (1253–70), married <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France,_Queen_of_Navarre" title="Isabella of France, Queen of Navarre">Isabella</a>, daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a>, and accompanied his saintly father-in-law upon his <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">crusade to Tunis</a>. On the homeward journey, he died at Trapani in Sicily, and was succeeded by his brother, King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Navarre" title="Henry I of Navarre">Henry I</a>, who had already assumed the reins of government during his absence, but ruled for only three years (1271–74). His daughter, Queen <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I</a>, ascended as a minor and the country was once again invaded from all sides. The queen and her mother, <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Artois" title="Blanche of Artois">Blanche of Artois</a>, sought refuge at the court of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III of France</a>. His son, the future King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a>, had become engaged to the young sovereign and married her in 1284. From 1276, the time of the negotiations for this marriage, Navarre effectively passed into French control, though not without the French suppression of native resistance in the 1276-1277 War of the Navarreria. </p><p>The Kingdom of Navarre remained in personal union with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> until the death of King Charles I (<a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV of France</a>) in 1328, and on March 13 of the same year, Don <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Medrano" title="Juan Martínez de Medrano">Juan Martínez de Medrano</a> and Don Juan Corbaran de Lehet were appointed <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regents</a> of the Kingdom of Navarre for 11 months (February 27, 1329) until the succession in Navarre was resolved.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King Charles was succeeded by his niece, Queen <a href="/wiki/Joan_II_of_Navarre" title="Joan II of Navarre">Joanna II</a>, daughter of King Louis I (<a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X of France</a>), and nephew-in-law, King <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Navarre" title="Philip III of Navarre">Philip III</a>. Joanna waived all claim to the throne of France and accepted as compensation for the counties of Champagne and Brie those of <a href="/wiki/Angoumois" title="Angoumois">Angoulême</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Longueville" title="County of Longueville">Longueville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Counts_of_Mortain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Counts of Mortain">Mortain</a>. </p><p>King Philip III devoted himself to the improvement of the laws of the country, and joined King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI of Castile</a> in battle against the Moors of 1343. After the death of his mother (1349), King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles II</a> assumed the reins of government (1349–87). He played an important part in the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> and in the French civil unrest of the time, and on account of his deceit and cruelty he received the epithet of 'the Bad'. He gained and lost possessions in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> and, later in his reign, the <a href="/wiki/Navarrese_Company" title="Navarrese Company">Navarrese Company</a> acquired island possessions in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. </p><p>His eldest son, on the other hand, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Navarre" title="Charles III of Navarre">Charles III</a> the Noble, once more returned the land to peaceful and happy government (1387–1425). He reformed the government, built canals, and made the tributaries of the Ebro flowing through Navarre navigable. As he outlived his legitimate sons, he was succeeded by his daughter, Queen <a href="/wiki/Blanche_I_of_Navarre" title="Blanche I of Navarre">Blanche I</a> (1425–1441), and son-in-law, King <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Aragon" title="John II of Aragon">John II</a> (1398–1479). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navarre_under_the_Foix_and_Albret_dynasties">Navarre under the Foix and Albret dynasties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Navarre under the Foix and Albret dynasties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Navarrese_Civil_War_(1451%E2%80%931455)" title="Navarrese Civil War (1451–1455)">Navarrese Civil War (1451–1455)</a></div> <p>After Queen <a href="/wiki/Blanche_I_of_Navarre" title="Blanche I of Navarre">Blanche I of Navarre</a>'s death in 1441, Navarre was mired in continued disputes over royal succession. King John II was ruling in Aragon in the name of his brother, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso V of Aragon</a>. He left his son, <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Viana" title="Charles, Prince of Viana">Charles, Prince of Viana</a>, with merely the rank of governor, whereas Queen Blanche I had intended him to succeed her, as was the custom. In 1450, John II himself came back to Navarre, and, urged on by his ambitious second wife <a href="/wiki/Juana_Enriquez" class="mw-redirect" title="Juana Enriquez">Juana Enriquez</a>, endeavoured to obtain the succession for their son <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_the_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand the Catholic">Ferdinand</a>. </p><p>Mirroring inter-clan disputes during the bloody <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Bands" title="War of the Bands">War of the Bands</a> in the rest of the Basque territories, in 1451 Navarre split in two confederacies, the Agramonts and the Beaumonts, over royal succession, with ramifications both within and outside Navarre. In the violent <a href="/wiki/Navarrese_Civil_War_(1451%E2%80%931455)" title="Navarrese Civil War (1451–1455)">civil war</a> that broke out, the Agramonts sided with <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Aragon" title="John II of Aragon">John II</a>, and the Beaumonts — named after their leader, the chancellor, John of Beaumont — espoused the cause of <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Viana" title="Charles, Prince of Viana">Charles, Prince of Viana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ConqNavarre_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConqNavarre-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup> The fights involved the high aristocracy and their junior branches, who carried on the feuds of their senior lines and thrived on weak, often absent, royal authority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990104_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990104-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 252">: 252 </span></sup> </p><p>The unhappy Prince Charles was defeated by his father at <a href="/wiki/Aibar" title="Aibar">Aibar</a> in 1451, and held prisoner for two years, during which he wrote his famous <i>Chronicle of Navarre</i>, a major source for the period. After his release, Charles sought the assistance of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a> and his uncle Alfonso V (who resided in Naples), but in vain. In 1460 he was again imprisoned at the instigation of his stepmother, but the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Catalonia#The_Crown_of_Aragon" title="History of Catalonia">Catalans</a> rose in revolt at this injustice, and he was again liberated and named governor of Catalonia. He died in 1461, poisoned by his stepmother <a href="/wiki/Juana_Enr%C3%ADquez" title="Juana Enríquez">Juana Enríquez</a> without being able to retake the reins of Navarre. He had named as heir his next sister, Queen <a href="/wiki/Blanche_II_of_Navarre" title="Blanche II of Navarre">Blanche II</a>, but she was immediately imprisoned by John II and died in 1464. While this episode of the civil war came to an end, it inaugurated a period of instability including on-off periods of struggle and uprisings all the way to the Spanish conquest (1512). </p><p>On Charles' demise in 1461, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Navarre" title="Eleanor of Navarre">Eleanor of Navarre</a>, Countess of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Foix" title="County of Foix">Foix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viscounty_of_B%C3%A9arn" title="Viscounty of Béarn">Béarn</a>, was proclaimed Princess of Viana, but the instability took a toll. The south-western tip of Navarre—the <a href="/wiki/Sonsierra" title="Sonsierra">Sonsierra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oy%C3%B3n-Oion" title="Oyón-Oion">Oyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laguardia,_%C3%81lava" title="Laguardia, Álava">Laguardia</a>, in present-day <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">Álava</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Los_Arcos" title="Los Arcos">Los Arcos</a>—was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile" title="Henry IV of Castile">Henry IV of Castile</a>. Castile's eventual annexation of this territory in 1463 was upheld by the French King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a> in Bayonne on 23 April 1463.<sup id="cite_ref-ConqNavarre_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConqNavarre-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup> John II continued to rule as king up to 1479, when Queen Eleanor succeeded him for only 15 days and then died; she left the crown to her grandson, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Phoebus_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Phoebus of Navarre">Francis Phoebus</a>, but this inaugurated another period of instability. Eleanor's 13-year-old granddaughter <a href="/wiki/Catherine_I_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine I of Navarre">Catherine I of Navarre</a> succeeded her brother Francis Phoebus in accordance with his will (1483). As a minor she remained under the guardianship of her mother, <a href="/wiki/Magdalena_of_Valois" title="Magdalena of Valois">Magdalena of Valois</a>, and was sought by Ferdinand the Catholic as a bride. However, another claimant to the throne was stubbornly trying to stop her, <a href="/wiki/John_of_Foix,_Viscount_of_Narbonne" title="John of Foix, Viscount of Narbonne">John of Foix, Viscount of Narbonne</a>, brother-in-law of the future King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XII of France">Louis XII of France</a>. Invoking the French <a href="/wiki/Salic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Salic Law">Salic Law</a>, he called himself King of Navarre and sent diplomats to Ferdinand II. </p><p>Pressure built on Catherine's regent Magdalena of Valois who, intent on saving their French possessions, eventually decided to marry the young Queen to the 7-year-old <a href="/wiki/John_of_Albret" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Albret">John of Albret</a>, despite the Parliament of Navarre's preference for <a href="/wiki/John,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="John, Prince of Asturias">John, Prince of Asturias</a>, son of Ferdinand and Isabella.<sup id="cite_ref-ConqNavarre_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConqNavarre-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> The Beaumont party rose up, while the Agramonts split over the marriage. Ferdinand II of Aragon in turn reconsidered his diplomatic policy on Navarre. The crown of Navarre fell back on their default policy of diplomacy, and signed the Treaty of Valencia on 21 March 1488, whereby trade was restored between Navarre and the Aragon-Castile tandem. Still, Ferdinand did not recognize Catherine and installed Castilian troops in Navarre, banning French troops in both the kingdom and the Viscounty of Béarn.<sup id="cite_ref-ConqNavarre_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConqNavarre-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </p> <table class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-right: 0em; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#99FF99; color:black; width:20em; max-width:30%" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left">"<i>Before the sacrament of the holy unction is completed, this blessed coronation of yours, it is necessary for Your Royal Majesties to swear an oath to the people, as the monarchs of Navarre preceding you did formerly, so that the people can also swear an oath to you as set by custom [...] we swear [...] to the prelates, nobles [...] and men of the cities and good towns and all the people of Navarre [...] from all across the Kingdom of Navarre [...] all the </i>fueros<i>, as well as the mores, and customs, tax exemptions, liberties, privileges held by each of you—either here or absent.</i>" </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Instructions to the monarchs Catherine and John III on the mandatory oath owed to the Kingdom of Navarre, and the oath itself, ahead of their coronation (1494). </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ferdinand also pushed for the introduction of the coercive cross-border tribunal, the <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a>, which the Navarrese hated, but, under pressure from the Aragonese monarch, the doors of Navarre (Tudela) finally opened to the Church institution between 1486 and 1488, pushed by the Aragonese monarch's threats. Still, in 1510 the authorities of Tudela decreed the expulsion of the monk "calling himself inquisitor." Catherine and John III also lacked French royal support: both <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XII of France">Louis XII of France</a> pushed hard to have John of Foix declared king. Finally, following a short period of peace with Ferdinand after a treaty was signed, in January 1494 the coronation of the royal family took place in Pamplona. The monarchs Catherine I and John III swore an oath to respect the liberties of Navarre, and the proclamation was celebrated with a week-long festival, while the ceremony was not attended by the Aragonese bishops with jurisdiction in Navarre. During this period, the realm of Navarre-Beárn was defined by <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Maximilian I</a>'s diplomat Müntzer as a nation like Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-ConqNavRef_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConqNavRef-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> In the same treaty, Ferdinand renounced war on Navarre or Béarn from Castile, but the attempt to restore royal authority and patrimony met with the resistance of the defiant <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Beaumont,_2nd_Count_de_Ler%C3%ADn" title="Louis de Beaumont, 2nd Count de Lerín">Louis de Beaumont, 2nd Count de Lerín</a>, whose estates were confiscated. </p><p>Catherine and John III's guardian Magdalena of Valois died in 1495 and John's father <a href="/wiki/Alain_I_of_Albret" title="Alain I of Albret">Alain I of Albret</a> signed another treaty with Ferdinand, whereby the count of Lerín should abandon Navarre, receiving in compensation real estate and various enclaves in the recently conquered <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Granada_(Crown_of_Castile)" title="Kingdom of Granada (Crown of Castile)">Granada</a>. In exchange, Alain made an array of painful concessions: Ferdinand received the count of Lerín's patrimony and gained control of important fortresses across Navarre, including the right to keep a garrison in <a href="/wiki/Olite" title="Olite">Olite</a> at the heart of the kingdom. Also, Queen Catherine's one-year-old daughter Magdalena was to be sent to Castile to be raised, with a plan on a future marriage — she would die young in Castile (1504).<sup id="cite_ref-ConqNavarre_58-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConqNavarre-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18–19">: 18–19 </span></sup> Following developments in France, the whole treaty was reverted in 1500 and another compromise was reached with Ferdinand, ensuring peace for another four years. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Jews_from_Navarre" title="Expulsion of the Jews from Navarre">Navarrese Jews was forced to leave or to convert in 1498</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_conquest">Spanish conquest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Spanish conquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Iberian_Navarre" title="Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre">Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madeleine_of_France,_bethroted_of_Ladislaus_the_Posthumous.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Madeleine_of_France%2C_bethroted_of_Ladislaus_the_Posthumous.jpg/170px-Madeleine_of_France%2C_bethroted_of_Ladislaus_the_Posthumous.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Madeleine_of_France%2C_bethroted_of_Ladislaus_the_Posthumous.jpg/255px-Madeleine_of_France%2C_bethroted_of_Ladislaus_the_Posthumous.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Madeleine_of_France%2C_bethroted_of_Ladislaus_the_Posthumous.jpg/340px-Madeleine_of_France%2C_bethroted_of_Ladislaus_the_Posthumous.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1953" data-file-height="2718" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_of_Valois" title="Magdalena of Valois">Magdalena of Valois</a>, regent of Navarre from 1479 to 1494, and mother of Queen <a href="/wiki/Catherine_I_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine I of Navarre">Catherine I of Navarre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In spite of the treaties, Ferdinand the Catholic did not relinquish his long-cherished designs on Navarre. In 1506, the 53-year-old widower remarried, to <a href="/wiki/Germaine_of_Foix" title="Germaine of Foix">Germaine of Foix</a> (aged 16), daughter of Catherine's uncle John of Foix, who had attempted to claim Navarre over his under-age nephew and niece. However, their infant son died shortly after birth, ending hopes of a possible inheritance of Navarre. Ferdinand kept intervening directly or indirectly in the internal affairs of Navarre by means of the Beaumont party. In 1508, the Navarrese royal troops finally suppressed a rebellion of the count of Lerín after a long standoff. In a letter to the rebellious count, the king of Aragon insisted that while he may take over one stronghold or another, he should use "theft, deceit and bargain" instead of violence (23 July 1509). </p><p>When Navarre refused to join one of many <a href="/wiki/Holy_League" title="Holy League">Holy Leagues</a> against France and declared itself neutral, Ferdinand asked the Pope to excommunicate Albret, which would have legitimised an attack. The Pope was reluctant to label the crown of Navarre as schismatic explicitly in a first bull against the French and the Navarrese (21 July 1512), but Ferdinand's pressure bore fruit when a (second) bull named Catherine and John III "heretic" (18 February 1513). On 18 July 1512, <a href="/wiki/Fadrique_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_2nd_Duke_of_Alba" title="Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke of Alba">Don Fadrique de Toledo</a> was sent to invade Navarre in the context of the second phase of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai" title="War of the League of Cambrai">War of the League of Cambrai</a>. </p><p>Unable to face the powerful Castilian-Aragonese army, Jean d'Albret fled to Béarn (Orthez, <a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a>, Tarbes). Pamplona, Estella, Olite, Sanguesa, and Tudela were captured by September. The Agramont party sided with Queen Catherine while most, but not all, of the Beaumont party lords supported the occupiers. In October 1512, the legitimate King John III returned with an army recruited north of the Pyrenees and attacked Pamplona without success. By the end of December the Castilians were in St-Jean-Pied-de-Port. </p><p>After this failure, the Navarrese <i>Cortes</i> (Parliament) had no option but pledge loyalty to King Ferdinand. In 1513, the first Castilian viceroy took a formal oath to respect Navarrese institutions and law (<i><a href="/wiki/Fueros" class="mw-redirect" title="Fueros">fueros</a></i>). The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> was extended into Navarre. The Jews had already been forced into conversion or exile by the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">Alhambra Decree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a>, and now the Jewish community of Navarre and the Muslims of Tudela suffered its persecution. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeanne_d%27Albret.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jeanne_d%27Albret.JPG/170px-Jeanne_d%27Albret.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jeanne_d%27Albret.JPG/255px-Jeanne_d%27Albret.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jeanne_d%27Albret.JPG/340px-Jeanne_d%27Albret.JPG 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1037" /></a><figcaption>Jeanne III</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polverel_Tableau_Navarre.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Polverel_Tableau_Navarre.png/170px-Polverel_Tableau_Navarre.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Polverel_Tableau_Navarre.png/255px-Polverel_Tableau_Navarre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Polverel_Tableau_Navarre.png/340px-Polverel_Tableau_Navarre.png 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>Defense of Navarre presented by Polverel (1789)</figcaption></figure> <p>There were two more attempts at liberation in 1516 and 1521, both supported by popular rebellion, especially the second one. It was in 1521 that the Navarrese came closest to regaining their independence. As a liberation army commanded by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_de_Foix" title="André de Foix">General Asparros</a> approached Pamplona, the citizens rose in revolt and besieged the military governor, <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Loyola" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignatius Loyola">Iñigo de Loyola</a>, in his newly built castle. Tudela and other cities also declared their loyalty to the House of <a href="/wiki/Albret" title="Albret">Albret</a>. While at first distracted due to only recently overcoming the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros" title="Revolt of the Comuneros">Revolt of the Comuneros</a>, the Navarrese-Béarnese army managed to liberate all the kingdom, but shortly thereafter Asparros faced a large Castilian army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Esquiroz" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Esquiroz">Battle of Noáin</a> on 30 June 1521. Asparros was captured, and the army completely defeated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_Navarre_north_of_the_Pyrenees">Independent Navarre north of the Pyrenees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Independent Navarre north of the Pyrenees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A small portion of Navarre north of the Pyrenees, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a>, along with the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Viscounty_of_B%C3%A9arn" title="Viscounty of Béarn">Viscounty of Béarn</a> survived as an independent kingdom which passed by inheritance. Navarre received from King <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Navarre" title="Henry II of Navarre">Henry II</a>, the son of Queen Catherine and King John III, <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_Navarre" title="Estates of Navarre">a representative assembly</a>, the clergy being represented by the bishops of Bayonne and <a href="/wiki/Dax,_Landes" title="Dax, Landes">Dax</a>, their vicars-general, the parish priest of <a href="/wiki/St-Jean-Pied-de-Port" class="mw-redirect" title="St-Jean-Pied-de-Port">St-Jean-Pied-de-Port</a>, and the priors of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Palais,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Saint-Palais, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Saint-Palais</a>, Utziat and Harambels (Haranbeltz). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret" title="Jeanne d'Albret">Jeanne III</a> converted to <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> in 1560, and thereupon commissioned a translation of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> into Basque; one of the first books published in this language. Jeanne also declared Calvinism to be the official religion of Navarre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2012326_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2012326-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She and her son, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry III</a>, led the <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> party in the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>. In 1589, Henry became the sole rightful claimant to the crown of France, though he was not recognized as such by many of his subjects until his conversion to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> four years later. </p><p>The last independent king of Navarre, Henry III (reigned 1572–1610), succeeded to the throne of France as Henry IV in 1589, founding the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon dynasty">Bourbon dynasty</a>. Between 1620 and 1624, Lower Navarre and Béarn were incorporated into France proper by Henry's son, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a> (Louis II of Navarre). The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Navarre_and_B%C3%A9arn" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Navarre and Béarn">Parliament of Navarre</a>, seated at Pau, was also created by merging the royal <a href="/wiki/Chancery_of_Navarre" title="Chancery of Navarre">Chancery of Navarre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_Navarre_and_B%C3%A9arn" title="Sovereign Council of Navarre and Béarn">Sovereign Council of Béarn</a>. </p><p>The 1659 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Treaty of the Pyrenees">Treaty of the Pyrenees</a> put an end to the litigation over the definite French-Spanish borders and to any French-Navarrese dynastic claim over Spanish Navarre. The title of King of Navarre continued to be used by the Kings of France until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> in 1792, and was revived again during the <a href="/wiki/French_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="French Restoration">Restoration</a>, 1814–30. Since the rest of Navarre was in Spanish hands, the kings of Spain would also use the title of King of Navarre, and continue to do so. During the <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789" title="Estates General of 1789">Estates General of 1789</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_Navarre" title="Estates of Navarre">Estates of Navarre</a> sent <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Polverel" title="Étienne Polverel">Étienne Polverel</a> to Paris to defend the idiosyncrasy and independence of Navarre in the face of the planned homogenizing administrative layout of France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_crown_and_the_kingdom:_A_constitutional_foundation">The crown and the kingdom: A constitutional foundation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The crown and the kingdom: A constitutional foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fuero#Basque_and_Pyrenean_fueros" title="Fuero">Fuero § Basque and Pyrenean fueros</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_(1580-1668)_-_Navarre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_%281580-1668%29_-_Navarre.svg/220px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_%281580-1668%29_-_Navarre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_%281580-1668%29_-_Navarre.svg/330px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_%281580-1668%29_-_Navarre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_%281580-1668%29_-_Navarre.svg/440px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_%281580-1668%29_-_Navarre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Spanish royal coat of arms variant of Spain used in Navarre, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> (1580–1668)</figcaption></figure> <p>As the Kingdom of Navarre was originally organized, it was divided into <i><a href="/wiki/Merindad" title="Merindad">merindades</a></i>, districts governed by a <i>merino</i> ("mayorino", a sheriff), the representative of the king.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were the "Ultrapuertos" (French Navarre), Pamplona, Estella, <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a> and Sangüesa. In 1407 the <i>merindad</i> of Olite was added. The <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Cortes</a> of Navarre began as the king's council of churchmen and nobles, but in the course of the 14th century the burgesses were added.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their presence was due to the fact that the king had need of their co-operation to raise money by grants and aids, a development that was being paralleled in England. </p><p>The Cortes henceforth consisted of the churchmen, the nobles and the representatives of twenty-seven (later thirty-eight) "good towns"—towns which were free of a feudal lord, and, therefore, held directly by the king.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The independence of the burgesses was better secured in Navarre than in other parliaments of Spain by the constitutional rule which required the consent of a majority of <i>each order</i> to every act of the Cortes.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the burgesses could not be outvoted by the nobles and the Church,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as they could be elsewhere. Even in the 18th century the Navarrese successfully resisted Bourbon attempts to establish custom houses on the French frontier,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dividing French from Spanish Navarre. </p><p>The institutions of Navarre which maintained their autonomy until the 19th century included the Cortes (<i>The Three States</i>, precursor to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Navarre" title="Parliament of Navarre">Parliament of Navarre</a>), Royal Council, Supreme Court and <i>Diputacion del Reino</i>. Similar institutions existed in the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> (in Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia) until the <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Planta_decrees" title="Nueva Planta decrees">Nueva Planta decrees</a>. The Spanish monarch was represented by a viceroy, who could object to the decisions made in the Navarrese context. </p><p>During that period Navarre enjoyed a special status within the Spanish monarchy; it had its own cortes, taxation system, and separate customs laws. On 17 January, 1645, <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_de_Medrano_y_%C3%81lvarez_de_los_R%C3%ADos" title="García de Medrano y Álvarez de los Ríos">García de Medrano</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> of Navarre, and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Antonio_de_Medrano_y_Albelda" title="Pedro Antonio de Medrano y Albelda">Pedro Antonio de Medrano</a> became regent of Navarre on 9 May 1702. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_history_and_the_end_of_the_fueros">Later history and the end of the <i>fueros</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Later history and the end of the fueros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/End_of_Basque_home_rule_in_Spain" title="End of Basque home rule in Spain">End of Basque home rule in Spain</a></div> <p>By the time of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pyrenees" title="War of the Pyrenees">War of the Pyrenees</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>, Navarre was in a deep crisis over the Spanish royal authority, involving the Spanish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Godoy" title="Manuel Godoy">Manuel Godoy</a>, who bitterly opposed the Basque charters and their autonomy, and maintained high duty exactions on the Ebro customs against the Navarrese, and the Basques as a whole. The only way out the Navarrese found was an increased trade with France, which in turn spurred the importation of bourgeois, modern ideas. However, the progressive, enlightened bourgeois circles strong in Pamplona—and other Basque towns and cities like <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">Donostia</a>—were eventually quelled during the above wars. </p><p>After the French defeat, the only source of support for Navarrese self-government was <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII" title="Ferdinand VII">Ferdinand VII</a>. The king wielded the flag of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_r%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient régime">ancient régime</a>, as opposed to the liberal <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_C%C3%A1diz" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Cádiz">Constitution of Cádiz</a> (1812), which ignored the Navarrese and Basque <i>fueros</i> and any different identities in Spain, or the "Spains", as it was considered legally until the 19th century. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, many in Navarre took to the bush to avoid tax exactions and the military abuses over property and people during their expeditions, be they French, English, or Spanish. These parties sowed the seeds of the later militias of the <a href="/wiki/Carlist_Wars" title="Carlist Wars">Carlist Wars</a> acting under different banners, Carlists most often, but also pro-<i>fueros</i> liberals. However, once the local, urban based enlightened bourgeois were suppressed by the Spanish authorities and bristled at despotic French rule during the occupation, the most staunchly Catholic rose to prominence in Navarre, coming under strong clerical influence. </p><p>This, and the resentment felt at the loss of their autonomy when they were incorporated into Spain in 1833,<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> account for the strong support given by many Navarrese to the <a href="/wiki/Carlist" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlist">Carlist</a> cause.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1833, Navarre and the whole <a href="/wiki/Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basque</a> region in Spain became the chief stronghold of the Carlists, but in 1837 a Spanish Liberal, centralist constitution was proclaimed in Madrid, and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II</a> recognized as queen. Following the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Vergara" title="Convention of Vergara">August 31, 1839, armistice</a> putting an end to the <a href="/wiki/First_Carlist_War" title="First Carlist War">First Carlist War</a>, Navarre remained in a shaky state. </p><p>Its separate status was acknowledged on the Act promulgated in October that year, but after arrival of <a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero" title="Baldomero Espartero">Baldomero Espartero</a> and the anti-<i>fueros</i> Progressives to office in Madrid, talks with Navarrese Liberal negotiators led to a near-assimilation of Navarre with the Spanish province. Navarre was not a kingdom any more, but another Spanish province. In exchange for giving up self-government, the Navarrese were compensated with the <i>Compromise Act</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Ley Paccionada</i>) in 1841, a set of tax, administrative and other prerogatives, conjuring an idea of 'compromise between two equal sides', and not a granted charter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Province_of_Spain">Province of Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Province of Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Navarre#Province_of_Spain" title="Navarre">Navarre § Province of Spain</a></div> <p>Following the 1839–1841 treaties, conflict with Madrid's central government over Navarre's agreed administrative and fiscal idiosyncrasies contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a> (1872–76), largely centred in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Basque_Country" title="Southern Basque Country">Basque districts</a>. Myriad parties and factions emerged in Navarre demanding different degrees of restoration of native institutions and laws. Catholicism and traditionalism became major driving forces behind Navarrese politics. </p><p>The Church in Navarre became a mainstay of the reactionary Spanish <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)">Nationalists</a> uprising against the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a> (1936). The figure of progressives and inconvenient dissidents exterminated across Navarre is estimated at around 3,000 in the period immediately after the successful military uprising (July 1936). As a reward for its support in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, Franco allowed Navarre, as it happened with Álava, to maintain <a href="/wiki/Fueros_of_Navarre" title="Fueros of Navarre">some prerogatives</a> reminiscent of the ancient Navarrese liberties. Navarre's specific status during Franco's regime led to the present-day Chartered Community of Navarre during the Spanish transition to democracy (the so-called <i>Amejoramiento</i>, 1982). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territory_today">Territory today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Territory today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The territory formerly known as Navarre now belongs to two nations, Spain and France, depending on whether it lies south or north of the Western Pyrenees. The Basque language is still spoken in most of the provinces. Today, <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Basse-Navarre</a> is part of France's <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" class="mw-redirect" title="Département">département</a>. Other former Navarrese territories belong now to several autonomous communities of Spain: <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(autonomous_community)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (autonomous community)">La Rioja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_symbols">Historical symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Historical symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_Navarre_escarbuncles.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Navarre during the reign of Sancho VI"><img alt="Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Navarre during the reign of Sancho VI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/COA_Navarre_escarbuncles.svg/109px-COA_Navarre_escarbuncles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/COA_Navarre_escarbuncles.svg/164px-COA_Navarre_escarbuncles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/COA_Navarre_escarbuncles.svg/218px-COA_Navarre_escarbuncles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Navarre during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sancho_VI_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VI of Navarre">Sancho VI</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sign of Sancho VII"><img alt="Sign of Sancho VII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sign_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg/117px-Sign_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sign_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg/175px-Sign_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sign_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg/233px-Sign_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="765" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sign of <a href="/wiki/Sancho_VII_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VII of Navarre">Sancho VII</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Sancho VII (reverse)"><img alt="Seal of Sancho VII (reverse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Seal_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg/119px-Seal_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Seal_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg/178px-Seal_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Seal_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg/237px-Seal_of_Sancho_VII_of_Navarre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seal of Sancho VII<br /><small>(reverse)</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Navarre, 1234–1580"><img alt="Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Navarre, 1234–1580" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg/93px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg/187px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="908" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Navarre, 1234–1580</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Royal_Badge_of_Navarre.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Badge of the Medieval Monarchs of Navarre"><img alt="Royal Badge of the Medieval Monarchs of Navarre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Former_Royal_Badge_of_Navarre.svg/133px-Former_Royal_Badge_of_Navarre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="133" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Former_Royal_Badge_of_Navarre.svg/199px-Former_Royal_Badge_of_Navarre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Former_Royal_Badge_of_Navarre.svg/266px-Former_Royal_Badge_of_Navarre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Badge of the Medieval Monarchs of Navarre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EstandNavarra.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of the Medieval Monarchs of Navarre since 1212"><img alt="Standard of the Medieval Monarchs of Navarre since 1212" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/EstandNavarra.png/158px-EstandNavarra.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/EstandNavarra.png/237px-EstandNavarra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/EstandNavarra.png/316px-EstandNavarra.png 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of the Medieval Monarchs of Navarre since 1212</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chartered community of <a href="/wiki/Navarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Navarra">Navarre (modern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Navarrese_monarchs" title="List of Navarrese monarchs">List of Navarrese monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Navarre_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Navarre family tree">Kings of Navarre family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_officials_of_the_Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Court officials of the Kingdom of Navarre">Court officials of the Kingdom of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(historical_territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Country (historical territory)">Basque Country (historical territory)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuero#Basque_and_Pyrenean_fueros" title="Fuero">Basque and Pyrenean Fueros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Basque people">History of the Basque people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pamplona" title="History of Pamplona">History of Pamplona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascones" title="Vascones">Vascones</a></li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES"><a href="/wiki/Amaya_o_los_vascos_en_el_siglo_VIII" title="Amaya o los vascos en el siglo VIII">Amaya o los vascos en el siglo VIII</a></i></span>, a historic novel mixing history and legend about the origins of monarchy in Navarre.</li></ul> <p>Historic languages of the Kingdom of Navarre (824–1841): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, natural language in most of the realm except for the southern plains (Ribera), 824–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a>, natural language along the Ebro, in the south-east, some boroughs, and status language, 10–15th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language#Occitan_in_Spain" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>, natural language in some boroughs, status language, 11–14th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilian language">Castilian language</a>, natural language in southern and increasingly central areas and many urban centres substituting Basque, status language, 15th century – 1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gascon_dialect" title="Gascon dialect">Gascon</a>, written language in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a> and limited geographical and social contexts, 1305–1790</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian Arabic">Arabic</a>, language of the <a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Mudéjar">Muslim communities</a> remaining in southern areas after <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">the conquest of Tudela in 1118</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Muslim</a> liturgy language, 824–14th century and 824–early 16th century respectively</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, status language increasingly replacing Gascon (Béarnese) in administration and politics, 1624–1790</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erromintxela_language" title="Erromintxela language">Erromintxela</a>, language used by the native <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> communities especially in hilly areas, 15th century – 1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a>, religious and written language in Jewish communities located in certain urban centres, 10th century – 1512</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, Christian Catholic liturgy language and formal language in written scripts increasingly replaced by other Romance languages, 824–1841</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">But not the inhabitants of Peralta; the <i>lingua navarrorum</i> is attested as the Basque language.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Amorrortu14-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amorrortu14_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amorrortu14_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amorrortu14_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Amorrortu, Estibaliz. <i>Basque Sociolinguistics: Language, Society, and Culture</i>. University of Nevada Press, 2003, 14 note5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrask1997">Trask 1997</a>, p. 427; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarvey1996" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, L. P. (1996). <i>Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614</i>. Chicago: Chicago University Press. pp. 124–125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31964-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31964-3"><bdi>978-0-226-31964-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+in+Spain%2C+1500+to+1614&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=124-125&rft.pub=Chicago+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-226-31964-3&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=L.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJurio,_Jimeno1995" class="citation book cs1">Jurio, Jimeno (1995). <i>Historia de Pamplona y de sus Lenguas</i>. Tafalla: Txalaparta. pp. 82, 138, 175–177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-8136-017-1" title="Special:BookSources/84-8136-017-1"><bdi>84-8136-017-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+Pamplona+y+de+sus+Lenguas&rft.place=Tafalla&rft.pages=82%2C+138%2C+175-177&rft.pub=Txalaparta&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=84-8136-017-1&rft.au=Jurio%2C+Jimeno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey1996" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, L. P. (1996). <i>Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614</i>. Chicago: Chicago University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U-kQJr-D_ikC&q=Muslims+in+Spain,+1500+to+1614,+by+L.+P.+Harvey,+page+12&pg=PR4">125</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31964-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31964-3"><bdi>978-0-226-31964-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+in+Spain%2C+1500+to+1614&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Chicago+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-226-31964-3&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=L.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiervide_Martinena1980" class="citation journal cs1">Ciervide Martinena, Ricardo Javier (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vianayborgia.es/FOLI-0034-0000-0087-0106.html">"Toponimia navarra: historia y lengua"</a>. <i>Fontes Linguae Vasconum</i> (34): 90, 91, 102<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fontes+Linguae+Vasconum&rft.atitle=Toponimia+navarra%3A+historia+y+lengua&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=90%2C+91%2C+102&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Ciervide+Martinena&rft.aufirst=Ricardo+Javier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vianayborgia.es%2FFOLI-0034-0000-0087-0106.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForce2016" class="citation book cs1">Force, Pierre (2016). <i>Wealth and Disaster: Atlantic Migrations from a Pyrenean Town in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries</i>. Hopkins Press - Johns Hopkins University. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-2129-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-2129-2"><bdi>978-1-4214-2129-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wealth+and+Disaster%3A+Atlantic+Migrations+from+a+Pyrenean+Town+in+the+Eighteenth+and+Nineteenth+Centuries&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Hopkins+Press+-+Johns+Hopkins+University&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-2129-2&rft.aulast=Force&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reilly139-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reilly139_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reilly139_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReilly1993" class="citation book cs1">Reilly, Bernard F. (1993). <i>The Medieval Spains</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NdJjn1HpSy4C&pg=PA139">139</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39741-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39741-4"><bdi>978-0-521-39741-4</bdi></a>. <q>The new kingdom of Castile had roughly tripled in size to some 335,000 square kilometers by 1300 but, at the same time, its population had increased by the same factor, from one to three millions [...] Little Navarre with its area of only 10,000 square kilometers and some 100,000 people still had a Muslim minority of about 10,000.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Medieval+Spains&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39741-4&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=Bernard+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: <i lang="eu">Nafarroako Erresuma</i>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Reino de Navarra</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Royaume de Navarre</i>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Reiaume de Navarra</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Regnum Navarrae</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddleton2015" class="citation book cs1">Middleton, John (2015-06-01). <i>World Monarchies and Dynasties</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45158-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45158-7"><bdi>978-1-317-45158-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Monarchies+and+Dynasties&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.isbn=978-1-317-45158-7&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNA2016" class="citation book cs1">NA, NA (2016-04-30). <i>Medieval Queenship</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-08859-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-08859-8"><bdi>978-1-137-08859-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Queenship&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016-04-30&rft.isbn=978-1-137-08859-8&rft.aulast=NA&rft.aufirst=NA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2012" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Roger (2012-05-07). <i>Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796-1031</i>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-18184-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-18184-2"><bdi>978-0-631-18184-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caliphs+and+Kings%3A+Spain%2C+796-1031&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012-05-07&rft.isbn=978-0-631-18184-2&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span>; <a href="#CITEREFTrask1997">Trask 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopedia_Britannica" class="citation web cs1">Encyclopedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kingdom-of-Navarre">"Kingdom of Navarre"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kingdom+of+Navarre&rft.au=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FKingdom-of-Navarre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrask1997">Trask 1997</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qUDaAAAAQBAJ&q=trask+basque+kingdom+of+navarre&pg=PA427">427</a>; Collins, R. 1989, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Auñamendi-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Auñamendi_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auñamendi_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Estorn%C3%A9s_Lasa" title="Bernardo Estornés Lasa">Bernardo Estornés Lasa</a>'s Spanish article on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/96788">Navarra</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B1amendi_Entziklopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Auñamendi Entziklopedia">Auñamendi Entziklopedia</a> (click on "NAVARRA – NAFARROA (NOMBRE Y EMBLEMAS)")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarroso_CabreraCarrobles_SantosMorín_de_Pablos2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barroso Cabrera, Rafael; Carrobles Santos, Jesús; Morín de Pablos, Jorge (2013-05-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/e-spania/22501?lang=en">"Toponimia altomedieval castrense. Acerca del origen de algunos corónimos de España"</a> [Early medieval military toponymy. About the origin of some Spanish coronyms]. <i>E-Spania. Revue interdisciplinaire d'études hispaniques médiévales et modernes</i> (in Spanish) (15). OpenEdition Journals (published June 13, 2013). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fe-spania.22501">10.4000/e-spania.22501</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1951-6169">1951-6169</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=E-Spania.+Revue+interdisciplinaire+d%27%C3%A9tudes+hispaniques+m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vales+et+modernes&rft.atitle=Toponimia+altomedieval+castrense.+Acerca+del+origen+de+algunos+cor%C3%B3nimos+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.issue=15&rft.date=2013-05-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fe-spania.22501&rft.issn=1951-6169&rft.aulast=Barroso+Cabrera&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rft.au=Carrobles+Santos%2C+Jes%C3%BAs&rft.au=Mor%C3%ADn+de+Pablos%2C+Jorge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fe-spania%2F22501%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Navarre"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Navarre">"Navarre" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 281–282.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Navarre&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=281-282&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins199053–56-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins199053–56_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1990">Collins 1990</a>, pp. 53–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012277-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012277_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarreaLorenzo2012">Larrea & Lorenzo 2012</a>, p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012279–280-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012279–280_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarreaLorenzo2012">Larrea & Lorenzo 2012</a>, pp. 279–280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimeno_Jurío2004-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJimeno_Jurío2004_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJimeno_Jurío2004">Jimeno Jurío 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012280-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012280_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarreaLorenzo2012">Larrea & Lorenzo 2012</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1989159-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1989159_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1989">Collins 1989</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ein.html">In the 15th paragraph</a>, the Carolingian chronicler states, "ipse per bella memorata primo Aquitaniam et Wasconiam totumque Pyrinei montis iugum et usque ad Hiberum amnem, qui apud Navarros ortus et fertilissimos Hispaniae agros secans".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012281-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012281_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012281_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarreaLorenzo2012">Larrea & Lorenzo 2012</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Louis the Pious", Rene Poupardin, <i>The Cambridge Medieval History: Germany and the Western Empire</i>, Vol. III, ed. J. B. Bury. Cambridge University Press, 1936, 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Du nouveau sur le royaume de Pampelune au IXe siècle", Évariste Lévi-Provençal, <i>Bulletin Hispanique</i>, 1953, Volume 55, Issue 55-1, p. 11; "Mais, en ce qui concerne le roi vascon Inigo Iniguez..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002324-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002324_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque2002">Martín Duque 2002</a>, p. 324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012284-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012284_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarreaLorenzo2012">Larrea & Lorenzo 2012</a>, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque2002">Martín Duque 2002</a>, p. 404; <a href="#CITEREFLarreaLorenzo2012">Larrea & Lorenzo 2012</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990135-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990135_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1990">Collins 1990</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1990">Collins 1990</a>, p. 140; <a href="#CITEREFTrask1997">Trask 1997</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lbLbAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA14">14</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012284–286-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarreaLorenzo2012284–286_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarreaLorenzo2012">Larrea & Lorenzo 2012</a>, pp. 284–286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002405-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002405_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque2002">Martín Duque 2002</a>, p. 405.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199373-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199373_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque1993">Martín Duque 1993</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque1993327-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque1993327_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque1993">Martín Duque 1993</a>, p. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanidades.cchs.csic.es/ih/paginas/fmh/albeldensia.htm">"Crónica Albeldense"</a>. Humanidades.cchs.csic.es<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cr%C3%B3nica+Albeldense&rft.pub=Humanidades.cchs.csic.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanidades.cchs.csic.es%2Fih%2Fpaginas%2Ffmh%2Falbeldensia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002407-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002407_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque2002">Martín Duque 2002</a>, p. 407.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199373–78-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199373–78_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque1993">Martín Duque 1993</a>, pp. 73–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199378-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque199378_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque1993">Martín Duque 1993</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiranda_García1993">Miranda García 1993</a>, p. 82; <a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque2002">Martín Duque 2002</a>, p. 408.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199383-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199383_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiranda_García1993">Miranda García 1993</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002408-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002408_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque2002">Martín Duque 2002</a>, p. 408.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiranda_García1993">Miranda García 1993</a>, p. 84; <a href="#CITEREFMartínez_Díez2005">Martínez Díez 2005</a>, p. 715, Vol. II; <a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque2002">Martín Duque 2002</a>, p. 409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199385–86-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199385–86_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiranda_García1993">Miranda García 1993</a>, pp. 85–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002410-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002410_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque2002">Martín Duque 2002</a>, p. 410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993106-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993106_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993">Fortún Pérez de Ciriza 1993</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199386-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199386_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiranda_García1993">Miranda García 1993</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199387-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199387_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiranda_García199387_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiranda_García1993">Miranda García 1993</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002411-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartín_Duque2002411_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartín_Duque2002">Martín Duque 2002</a>, p. 411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza199398_and_102-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza199398_and_102_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993">Fortún Pérez de Ciriza 1993</a>, p. 98 and 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993104-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993104_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993">Fortún Pérez de Ciriza 1993</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESerrano_IzcoLeoné2006125-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESerrano_IzcoLeoné2006125_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSerrano_IzcoLeoné2006">Serrano Izco & Leoné 2006</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola199894-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola199894_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrzainquiOlaizola1998">Urzainqui & Olaizola 1998</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998111-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998111_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrzainquiOlaizola1998">Urzainqui & Olaizola 1998</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998152-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998152_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrzainquiOlaizola1998">Urzainqui & Olaizola 1998</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998115-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998115_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrzainquiOlaizola1998">Urzainqui & Olaizola 1998</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998116-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrzainquiOlaizola1998116_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrzainquiOlaizola1998">Urzainqui & Olaizola 1998</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993">Fortún Pérez de Ciriza 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/57535/juan-martinez-de-medrano">"Juan Martínez de Medrano | Real Academia de la Historia"</a>. <i>dbe.rah.es</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dbe.rah.es&rft.atitle=Juan+Mart%C3%ADnez+de+Medrano+%7C+Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdbe.rah.es%2Fbiografias%2F57535%2Fjuan-martinez-de-medrano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConqNavarre-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ConqNavarre_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConqNavarre_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConqNavarre_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConqNavarre_58-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConqNavarre_58-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monreal, G.; Jimeno, R.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990104-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990104_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1990">Collins 1990</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConqNavRef-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConqNavRef_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Urzainqui, T.; Esarte, P. et al.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGampel1986" class="citation journal cs1">Gampel, Benjamin R. (1986). "The Last Jews on Iberian Soil: Navarrese Jewry, 1479-1498". <i>Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research</i>. <b>53</b>: 49–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3622608">10.2307/3622608</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3622608">3622608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Academy+for+Jewish+Research&rft.atitle=The+Last+Jews+on+Iberian+Soil%3A+Navarrese+Jewry%2C+1479-1498&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=49-69&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3622608&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3622608%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gampel&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2012326-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2012326_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2012">Evans 2012</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arigita y Lasa, <i>Colección de documentos para la historia de Navarra</i> (Pamplona, 1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joxe_Azurmendi" title="Joxe Azurmendi">Azurmendi, Joxe</a>: "Die Bedeutung der Sprache in Renaissance und Reformation und die Entstehung der baskischen Literatur im religiösen und politischen Konfliktgebiet zwischen Spanien und Frankreich" In: Wolfgang W. Moelleken (Herausgeber), Peter J. Weber (Herausgeber): <i>Neue Forschungsarbeiten zur Kontaktlinguistik</i>, Bonn: Dümmler, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-537-86419-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-537-86419-2">978-3-537-86419-2</a></li> <li>Bascle de Lagreze, <i>La Navarre française</i> (Paris, 1881)</li> <li>Blade, <i>Les Vascons espagnols</i> (Agen, 1891)</li> <li>Boissonade, Pierre, <i>Histoire de la reunion de la Navarre à la Castille</i> (Paris, 1893)</li> <li>Chappuys, <i>Histoire du royaume de Navarre</i> (Paris, 1590; 1616)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1989" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Roger (1989). <i>The Arab Conquest of Spain 710-797</i>. Oxford, UK / Cambridge, USA: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-19405-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-19405-3"><bdi>0-631-19405-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Conquest+of+Spain+710-797&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK+%2F+Cambridge%2C+USA&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-631-19405-3&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1990" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Roger (1990). <i>The Basques</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-17565-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-17565-2"><bdi>0-631-17565-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Basques&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-631-17565-2&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2012" class="citation book cs1">Evans, G. R. (2012). <i>The Roots of the Reformation: Tradition, Emergence and Rupture</i>. InterVarsity Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roots+of+the+Reformation%3A+Tradition%2C+Emergence+and+Rupture&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=G.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Favyn, <i>Histoire de Navarre</i> (Paris, 1612)</li> <li>Ferreras, <i>La Historia de España</i> (Madrid, 1700–27)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993" class="citation book cs1">Fortún Pérez de Ciriza, Luis Javier (1993). "El Reino de Pamplona y la Cristiandad Occidental". <i>Historia Ilustrada de Navarra</i>. Pamplona: Diario de Navarra. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-604-7413-5" title="Special:BookSources/84-604-7413-5"><bdi>84-604-7413-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=El+Reino+de+Pamplona+y+la+Cristiandad+Occidental&rft.btitle=Historia+Ilustrada+de+Navarra&rft.place=Pamplona&rft.pub=Diario+de+Navarra&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=84-604-7413-5&rft.aulast=Fort%C3%BAn+P%C3%A9rez+de+Ciriza&rft.aufirst=Luis+Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Galland, <i>Memoires sur la Navarre</i> (Paris, 1648)</li> <li>Jaurgain, <i>La Vasconie</i> (Pau, 1898)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJimeno_Jurío2004" class="citation book cs1">Jimeno Jurío, José María (2004). <i>¿Dónde fue la Batalla de "Roncesvalles"?</i>. Pamplona: Pamiela. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7681-392-9" title="Special:BookSources/84-7681-392-9"><bdi>84-7681-392-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C2%BFD%C3%B3nde+fue+la+Batalla+de+%22Roncesvalles%22%3F&rft.place=Pamplona&rft.pub=Pamiela&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=84-7681-392-9&rft.aulast=Jimeno+Jur%C3%ADo&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>de Marca, <i>Histoire de Béarn</i> (Paris, 1640)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarreaLorenzo2012" class="citation journal cs1">Larrea, Juan José; Lorenzo, Jesús (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2943005">"Barbarians of Dâr al-Islâm: the Upper March of al-Andalus and the Western Pyrenees in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries"</a>. <i>La Transgiordania Nei Secoli XII-XIII e le "frontiere" del Mediterraneo Medievale</i>. Oxford: Archaeopress: 277–288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0978-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0978-1"><bdi>978-1-4073-0978-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Transgiordania+Nei+Secoli+XII-XIII+e+le+%22frontiere%22+del+Mediterraneo+Medievale&rft.atitle=Barbarians+of+D%C3%A2r+al-Isl%C3%A2m%3A+the+Upper+March+of+al-Andalus+and+the+Western+Pyrenees+in+the+Eighth+and+Ninth+Centuries&rft.pages=277-288&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4073-0978-1&rft.aulast=Larrea&rft.aufirst=Juan+Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=Lorenzo%2C+Jes%C3%BAs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2943005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartín_Duque1993" class="citation book cs1">Martín Duque, Ángel J. (1993). "Génesis del reino de Pamplona". <i>Historia Ilustrada de Navarra</i>. Pamplona: Diario de Navarra. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-604-7413-5" title="Special:BookSources/84-604-7413-5"><bdi>84-604-7413-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=G%C3%A9nesis+del+reino+de+Pamplona&rft.btitle=Historia+Ilustrada+de+Navarra&rft.place=Pamplona&rft.pub=Diario+de+Navarra&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=84-604-7413-5&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADn+Duque&rft.aufirst=%C3%81ngel+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartín_Duque2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Martín Duque, Ángel J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=">"Definición de espacios y fronteras en los reinos de Asturias-León"</a>. <i>Los espacios de poder en la España medieval: XII Semana de Estudios Medievales, Nájera, del 30 de julio al 3 de agosto de 2011</i>. Coord. J. I. de la Iglesia Duarte y J. L. Martín Rodríguez. pp. 315–339. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-95747-24-3" title="Special:BookSources/84-95747-24-3"><bdi>84-95747-24-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+espacios+de+poder+en+la+Espa%C3%B1a+medieval%3A+XII+Semana+de+Estudios+Medievales%2C+N%C3%A1jera%2C+del+30+de+julio+al+3+de+agosto+de+2011&rft.atitle=Definici%C3%B3n+de+espacios+y+fronteras+en+los+reinos+de+Asturias-Le%C3%B3n&rft.pages=315-339&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=84-95747-24-3&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADn+Duque&rft.aufirst=%C3%81ngel+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Farticulo%3Fcodigo%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez_Díez2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2005). <i>El Condado de Castilla (711-1038): la historia frente a la leyenda</i> (in Spanish). 2 volumes. Valladolid: Consejería de Cultura y Turismo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9718-275-8" title="Special:BookSources/84-9718-275-8"><bdi>84-9718-275-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Condado+de+Castilla+%28711-1038%29%3A+la+historia+frente+a+la+leyenda&rft.place=Valladolid&rft.pub=Consejer%C3%ADa+de+Cultura+y+Turismo&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=84-9718-275-8&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+D%C3%ADez&rft.aufirst=Gonzalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez_Díez2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2007). <i>Sancho III el Mayor Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus</i> (in Spanish). Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-96467-47-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-96467-47-7"><bdi>978-84-96467-47-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sancho+III+el+Mayor+Rey+de+Pamplona%2C+Rex+Ibericus&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Marcial+Pons+Historia&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-84-96467-47-7&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+D%C3%ADez&rft.aufirst=Gonzalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiranda_García1993" class="citation book cs1">Miranda García, Fermín (1993). "Del apogeo a la crisis". <i>Historia Ilustrada de Navarra</i>. Pamplona: Diario de Navarra. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-604-7413-5" title="Special:BookSources/84-604-7413-5"><bdi>84-604-7413-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Del+apogeo+a+la+crisis&rft.btitle=Historia+Ilustrada+de+Navarra&rft.pub=Pamplona%3A+Diario+de+Navarra&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=84-604-7413-5&rft.aulast=Miranda+Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Ferm%C3%ADn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonreal,_GregorioJimeno,_Roldan2012" class="citation book cs1">Monreal, Gregorio; Jimeno, Roldan (2012). <i>Conquista e Incorporación de Navarra a Castilla</i>. Pamplona-Iruña: Pamiela. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7681-736-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7681-736-0"><bdi>978-84-7681-736-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conquista+e+Incorporaci%C3%B3n+de+Navarra+a+Castilla&rft.place=Pamplona-Iru%C3%B1a&rft.pub=Pamiela&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-84-7681-736-0&rft.au=Monreal%2C+Gregorio&rft.au=Jimeno%2C+Roldan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Moret, <i>Investigationes históricas del reino de Navarra</i> (Pamplona, 1655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oihenart" class="mw-redirect" title="Oihenart">Oihenart</a>, <i>Notitia utriusque Vasconiae</i> (Paris, 1656)</li> <li>Risco, <i>La Vasconia en España Sagrada</i>, XXXII (Madrid, 1779)</li> <li>Ruano Prieto, <i>Anexión del Reino de Navarra en tiempo del Rey Católico</i> (Madrid, 1899)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerrano_IzcoLeoné2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Serrano Izco, Bixente; Leoné, Santiago (2006). <i>Navarra: las tramas de la historia</i> (in Spanish). Pamplona: Euskara Kultur Elkargoa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-932845-9-9" title="Special:BookSources/84-932845-9-9"><bdi>84-932845-9-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/827798316">827798316</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Navarra%3A+las+tramas+de+la+historia&rft.place=Pamplona&rft.pub=Euskara+Kultur+Elkargoa&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F827798316&rft.isbn=84-932845-9-9&rft.aulast=Serrano+Izco&rft.aufirst=Bixente&rft.au=Leon%C3%A9%2C+Santiago&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sorauren, Mikel. <i>Historia de Navarra, el estado vasco</i>. Pamiela, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7681-299-X" title="Special:BookSources/84-7681-299-X">84-7681-299-X</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrask1997" class="citation book cs1">Trask, Robert L. (1997). <i>The History of Basque</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-13116-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-13116-2"><bdi>0-415-13116-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL978463M">978463M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Basque&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL978463M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0-415-13116-2&rft.aulast=Trask&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrzainquiOlaizola1998" class="citation book cs1">Urzainqui, Tomás; Olaizola, Juan Maria (1998). <i>La Navarra marítima</i>. Pamplona: Pamiela. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7681-293-0" title="Special:BookSources/84-7681-293-0"><bdi>84-7681-293-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Navarra+mar%C3%ADtima&rft.place=Pamplona&rft.pub=Pamiela&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=84-7681-293-0&rft.aulast=Urzainqui&rft.aufirst=Tom%C3%A1s&rft.au=Olaizola%2C+Juan+Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrzainqui,_TomasEsarte,_PelloGarcía_Manzanal,_AlbertoSagredo,_Iñaki2013" class="citation book cs1">Urzainqui, Tomas; Esarte, Pello; García Manzanal, Alberto; Sagredo, Iñaki; Sagredo, Iñaki; Sagredo, Iñaki; Del Castillo, Eneko; Monjo, Emilio; Ruiz de Pablos, Francisco; Guerra Viscarret, Pello; Lartiga, Halip; Lavin, Josu; Ercilla, Manuel (2013). <i>La Conquista de Navarra y la Reforma Europea</i>. Pamplona-Iruña: Pamiela. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7681-803-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7681-803-9"><bdi>978-84-7681-803-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Conquista+de+Navarra+y+la+Reforma+Europea&rft.place=Pamplona-Iru%C3%B1a&rft.pub=Pamiela&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-84-7681-803-9&rft.au=Urzainqui%2C+Tomas&rft.au=Esarte%2C+Pello&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa+Manzanal%2C+Alberto&rft.au=Sagredo%2C+I%C3%B1aki&rft.au=Sagredo%2C+I%C3%B1aki&rft.au=Sagredo%2C+I%C3%B1aki&rft.au=Del+Castillo%2C+Eneko&rft.au=Monjo%2C+Emilio&rft.au=Ruiz+de+Pablos%2C+Francisco&rft.au=Guerra+Viscarret%2C+Pello&rft.au=Lartiga%2C+Halip&rft.au=Lavin%2C+Josu&rft.au=Ercilla%2C+Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Navarre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Yanguas y Miranda, José, <i>Annales del reino de Navarra</i> (5 vols., Pamplona, 1684–95; 12 vols., Tolosa, 1890–92)</li> <li>Yanguas y Miranda, José, <i>Crónica de los reyes de Navarra</i> (Pamplona, 1843)</li> <li>Yanguas y Miranda, José, <i>Diccionario de las antigüedades de Nayanna</i> (Pamplona, 1840–43)</li> <li>Yanguas y Miranda, José, <i>Historia compendiada del reino de Navarra</i> (S. Sebastián, 1832)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:_Kingdom_of_Navarre" class="extiw" title="commons:Category: Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lebrelblanco.com/anexos/a0001.htm">Medieval History of Navarre</a> Genealogy</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Navarre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navarrese_monarchs" title="Template:Navarrese monarchs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navarrese_monarchs" title="Template talk:Navarrese monarchs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navarrese_monarchs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navarrese monarchs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Navarre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Navarrese_monarchs" title="List of Navarrese monarchs">Monarchs</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navarre</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of Íñiguez</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Íñigo Arista of Pamplona">Íñigo Arista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="García Íñiguez of Pamplona">García Íñiguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort%C3%BAn_Garc%C3%A9s_of_Pamplona" title="Fortún Garcés of Pamplona">Fortún Garcés</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_dynasty" title="Jiménez dynasty">House of Jiménez</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho I of Pamplona">Sancho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimeno_Garc%C3%A9s_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimeno Garcés of Pamplona">Jimeno Garcés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_I_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez I of Pamplona">García Sánchez I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho II of Pamplona">Sancho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_II_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez II of Pamplona">García Sánchez II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_III_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho III of Pamplona">Sancho III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_III_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez III of Pamplona">García Sánchez III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho IV of Pamplona">Sancho IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Sancho Ramírez">Sancho V</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Aragon_and_Pamplona" title="Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona">Peter I</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_the_Battler" title="Alfonso the Battler">Alfonso I</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre" title="García Ramírez of Navarre">García Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_VI_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VI of Navarre">Sancho VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_VII_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VII of Navarre">Sancho VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Champagne" title="Count of Champagne">House of Champagne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_I_of_Navarre" title="Theobald I of Navarre">Theobald I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_II_of_Navarre" title="Theobald II of Navarre">Theobald II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Navarre" title="Henry I of Navarre">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip II</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_II_of_Navarre" title="Joan II of Navarre">Joan II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%89vreux" title="House of Évreux">House of Évreux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Navarre" title="Philip III of Navarre">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Navarre" title="Charles III of Navarre">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_I_of_Navarre" title="Blanche I of Navarre">Blanche I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Aragon" title="John II of Aragon">John II</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Viana" title="Charles, Prince of Viana">Charles IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blanche_II_of_Navarre" title="Blanche II of Navarre">Blanche II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Navarre" title="Eleanor of Navarre">Eleanor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Foix" title="Count of Foix">House of Foix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Phoebus" title="Francis Phoebus">Francis Phoebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Navarre" title="Catherine of Navarre">Catherine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Albret" title="Albret">House of Albret</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Navarre" title="John III of Navarre">John III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Albret" title="Albret">House of Albret</a> - Lower Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Navarre" title="Henry II of Navarre">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret" title="Jeanne d'Albret">Joan III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> - Lower Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_of_Navarre" title="Antoine of Navarre">Antoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry III</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis II</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis III</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis IV</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis V</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis VI</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles V</a><sup>F</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a> - Upper Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand I</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joan III</a><sup>S</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> - Upper Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip IV</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip V</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip VI</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles V</a><sup>S</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> - Upper Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip VII</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis II</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI" title="Ferdinand VI">Ferdinand II</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles VI</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles VII</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII" title="Ferdinand VII">Ferdinand III</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II" title="Isabella II">Isabella I</a><sup>S</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>A</sup>Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Aragonese_monarchs" title="List of Aragonese monarchs">King of Aragon</a>. <sup>F</sup>Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">King of France</a>. <sup>S</sup>Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_monarchs" title="List of Spanish monarchs">King/Queen of Spain</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spain_in_the_Middle_Ages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Kingdoms" title="Template:Spanish Kingdoms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Kingdoms" title="Template talk:Spanish Kingdoms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Kingdoms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Kingdoms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spain_in_the_Middle_Ages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Spain in the Middle Ages">Spain in the Middle Ages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Early_Middle_Ages"><b><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Suebi" title="Kingdom of the Suebi">Kingdom of the Suebi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">(Eastern) Roman Province of Spania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cantabria" title="Duchy of Cantabria">Duchy of Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Vasconia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Vasconia">Duchy of Vasconia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Al-Andalus_(711-1492)"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a></b> (711-1492)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Province of the Umayyad Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Emirate of Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taifa#First_period_(11th_century)" title="Taifa">First Taifa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid Emirate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taifa#Second_period_(12th_century)" title="Taifa">Second Taifa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad Caliphate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taifa#Third_period_(13th_century)" title="Taifa">Third Taifa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Feudal_Christian_realms"><b><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Feudal Christian realms</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a> → <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">Kingdom of León</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Kingdom of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Castile">County of Castile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a> → <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a> (<i>Castile-León</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Toledo_(Crown_of_Castile)" title="Kingdom of Toledo (Crown of Castile)">Kingdom of Toledo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_counties" title="Catalan counties">Catalan counties</a> (<a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">County of Barcelona</a>) → <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Pamplona">Kingdom of Pamplona</a> → <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingdom of Navarre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Viguera" title="Kingdom of Viguera">Kingdom of Viguera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Najera" title="Kingdom of Najera">Kingdom of Najera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Artajona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Artajona (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Artajona</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxoako_Erresuma" class="extiw" title="eu:Artaxoako Erresuma">eu</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Aragon" title="County of Aragon">County of Aragon</a> → <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Kingdom of Aragon</a> → <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Kingdom of Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Kingdom of Valencia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigothic monarchs">Visigothic monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebic_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Suebic monarchs">Suebic monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchs_of_al-Andalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchs of al-Andalus">Monarchs of al-Andalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aragonese_monarchs" title="List of Aragonese monarchs">Monarchs of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asturian_monarchs" title="List of Asturian monarchs">Monarchs of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Barcelona" title="Count of Barcelona">Monarchs of Barcelona/Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Castilian_monarchs" title="List of Castilian monarchs">Monarchs of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_monarchs" title="List of Galician monarchs">Monarchs of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrid_dynasty" title="Nasrid dynasty">Monarchs of Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Leonese_monarchs" title="List of Leonese monarchs">Monarchs of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Majorca" title="List of monarchs of Majorca">Monarchs of Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Navarrese_monarchs" title="List of Navarrese monarchs">Monarchs of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Valencian_monarchs" title="List of Valencian monarchs">Monarchs of Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_military_orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish military orders">Military orders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200262#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200262#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200262#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147353898">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80123151">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451507">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559633705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&oldid=1258780895">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&oldid=1258780895</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Category:Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1841_disestablishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1841 disestablishments in Europe">1841 disestablishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1841_disestablishments_in_Spain" title="Category:1841 disestablishments in Spain">1841 disestablishments in Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:824_establishments" title="Category:824 establishments">824 establishments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:9th-century establishments in Europe">9th-century establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_establishments_in_Spain" title="Category:9th-century establishments in Spain">9th-century establishments in Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_states" title="Category:Christian states">Christian states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_modern_history_of_Spain" title="Category:Early modern history of Spain">Early modern history of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_on_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Category:Former countries on the Iberian Peninsula">Former countries on the Iberian Peninsula</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_kingdoms" title="Category:Former kingdoms">Former kingdoms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_monarchies_of_Europe" title="Category:Former monarchies of Europe">Former monarchies of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_history_of_Spain" title="Category:Medieval history of Spain">Medieval history of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Renaissance" title="Category:Spanish Renaissance">Spanish Renaissance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1841" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in 1841">States and territories disestablished in 1841</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_the_820s" title="Category:States and territories established in the 820s">States and territories established in the 820s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Category:Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Basque-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Basque-language text">Articles containing Basque-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Occitan_(post_1500)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text">Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_flag_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_December_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2017">Articles with dead external links from December 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 16:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-sqbd2","wgBackendResponseTime":212,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.392","walltime":"1.881","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11744,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":187748,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":21357,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":165757,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1510.722 1 -total"," 31.73% 479.406 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 16.32% 246.563 2 Template:Reflist"," 12.88% 194.626 22 Template:Cite_book"," 10.08% 152.228 5 Template:Navbox"," 9.35% 141.242 39 Template:Sfn"," 8.83% 133.457 5 Template:Native_name"," 6.74% 101.758 1 Template:Navarrese_monarchs"," 5.74% 86.773 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.57% 69.103 7 Template:Rp"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.825","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20461066,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBarroso_CabreraCarrobles_SantosMorín_de_Pablos2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCiervide_Martinena1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEncyclopedia_Britannica\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForce2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFortún_Pérez_de_Ciriza1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGampel1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarvey1996\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJimeno_Jurío2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJurio,_Jimeno1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarreaLorenzo2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartín_Duque1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartín_Duque2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartínez_Díez2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartínez_Díez2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiddleton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiranda_García1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonreal,_GregorioJimeno,_Roldan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNA2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReilly1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerrano_IzcoLeoné2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrask1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUrzainqui,_TomasEsarte,_PelloGarcía_Manzanal,_AlbertoSagredo,_Iñaki2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUrzainquiOlaizola1998\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 22,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 3,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 12,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 11,\n [\"Langx\"] = 10,\n [\"Legend\"] = 6,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Native name\"] = 5,\n [\"Navarrese monarchs\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 7,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 39,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Spanish Kingdoms\"] = 1,\n [\"Sup\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-c2jr9","timestamp":"20241124160843","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kingdom of Navarre","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Navarre","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q200262","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q200262","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-05-31T08:24:56Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T16:17:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f1\/Bandera_de_Reino_de_Navarra.svg","headline":"medieval kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean (1162\u20131512)"}</script> </body> </html>