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href="#Selected_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected writings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selected_writings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selected writings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selected_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autobiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autobiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Autobiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autobiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Honors and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ثيودور فون كارمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثيودور فون كارمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86" title="تئودوره فون کارمن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تئودوره فون کارمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81_%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Τέοντορ φον Κάρμαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τέοντορ φον Κάρμαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تئودوره فون کارمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تئودوره فون کارمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%B4_%ED%8F%B0_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C" title="테오도르 폰 카르만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테오도르 폰 카르만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3dor_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Tódor Kármán – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tódor Kármán" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="תיאודור פון קרמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תיאודור פון קרמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodors_fon_K%C4%81rm%C4%81ns" title="Teodors fon Kārmāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Teodors fon Kārmāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_T%C3%B3dor" title="Kármán Tódor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kármán Tódor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="セオドア・フォン・カルマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セオドア・フォン・カルマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodor von Kármán – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Theodor von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карман, Теодор фон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карман, Теодор фон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Theodore von Kármán" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist (1881–1963)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Von Kármán" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Von Kármán (disambiguation)">Von Kármán (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The native form of this <a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">personal name</a> is <i>Kármán Tódor</i>. This article uses <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order" title="Personal name">Western name order</a> when mentioning individuals.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Theodore von Kármán</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n,_posed_in_his_office_chair_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Dr._von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%2C_posed_in_his_office_chair_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Dr._von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%2C_posed_in_his_office_chair_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Dr._von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%2C_posed_in_his_office_chair_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Dr._von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%2C_posed_in_his_office_chair_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Dr._von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%2C_posed_in_his_office_chair_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Dr._von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%2C_posed_in_his_office_chair_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="1959" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Von Kármán in 1957</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1881-05-11</span>)</span>May 11, 1881<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 6, 1963<span style="display:none">(1963-05-06)</span> (aged 81)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery" title="Hollywood Forever Cemetery">Hollywood Forever Cemetery</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood, California">Hollywood, California</a> U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Hungarian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Hungary</li><li>United States</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_University_of_Technology_and_Economics" title="Budapest University of Technology and Economics">Budapest University of Technology and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>See list</i></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_vortex_street" title="Kármán vortex street">Kármán vortex street</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_constant" title="Von Kármán constant">von Kármán constant</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_swirling_flow" title="Von Kármán swirling flow">von Kármán swirling flow</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Boundary_layer" title="Boundary layer">von Kármán momentum integral</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%E2%80%93Moore_theory" title="Kármán–Moore theory">Kármán–Moore theory</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Taylor%E2%80%93Maccoll_flow#Kármán–Moore_solution" title="Taylor–Maccoll flow">Kármán–Moore solution</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%E2%80%93Howarth_equation" title="Kármán–Howarth equation">Kármán–Howarth equation</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_wall" title="Law of the wall">Law of the wall</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Supersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersonic">Supersonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypersonic">hypersonic</a> airflow characterization</li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASME_Medal" title="ASME Medal">ASME Medal</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fritz_Medal" title="John Fritz Medal">John Fritz Medal</a> (1948)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wright_Brothers_Memorial_Trophy" title="Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy">Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Guggenheim_Medal" title="Daniel Guggenheim Medal">Daniel Guggenheim Medal</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoshenko_Medal" title="Timoshenko Medal">Timoshenko Medal</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Exner_Medal" title="Wilhelm Exner Medal">Wilhelm Exner Medal</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Foreign Member of the Royal Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen" class="mw-redirect" title="RWTH Aachen">RWTH Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Karman_Institute_for_Fluid_Dynamics" title="Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics">von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i> Investigations on buckling strength </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1908)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Prandtl" title="Ludwig Prandtl">Ludwig Prandtl</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Gabrielli" title="Giuseppe Gabrielli">Giuseppe Gabrielli</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Klemperer" title="Wolfgang Klemperer">Wolfgang Klemperer</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Folsom" title="Richard G. Folsom">Richard G. Folsom</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Anthony_Biot" title="Maurice Anthony Biot">Maurice Anthony Biot</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wattendorf" title="Frank Wattendorf">Frank Wattendorf</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Edwin_Sechler" title="Ernest Edwin Sechler">Ernest Sechler</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_T._Ippen" title="Arthur T. Ippen">Arthur T. Ippen</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Xuesen" title="Qian Xuesen">Qian Xuesen</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Dunn" title="Louis Dunn">Louis Dunn</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Malina" title="Frank Malina">Frank Malina</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_J._Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="Homer J. Stewart">Homer J. Stewart</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Ning" title="Hu Ning">Hu Ning</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Yonghuai" title="Guo Yonghuai">Guo Yonghuai</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chia-Chiao_Lin" title="Chia-Chiao Lin">Chia-Chiao Lin</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_D._Hayes" title="Wallace D. Hayes">Wallace D. Hayes</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._Marble" title="Frank E. Marble">Frank E. Marble</a> (1947)</li></ul> </div><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Theodore von Kármán</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">(<a href="/wiki/Sz%C5%91l%C5%91skislak" title="Szőlőskislak">szőllőskislaki</a>) Kármán Tódor</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[(søːløːʃkiʃlɒki)<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkaːrmaːn<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈtoːdor]</a></span>, May 11, 1881 – May 6, 1963) was a Hungarian-American <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace engineer">aerospace engineer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> who worked in <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aeronautics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronautics" title="Astronautics">astronautics</a>. He was responsible for crucial advances in <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamics" title="Aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a> characterizing <a href="/wiki/Supersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersonic">supersonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypersonic">hypersonic</a> airflow. The human-defined threshold of outer space is named the "<a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a>" in recognition of his work.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kármán is regarded as an outstanding aerodynamic theoretician of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Theodore von Kármán was born into a <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, then part of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, as Kármán Tódor, the son of Helene (Konn or Kohn, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Kohn Ilka</i>) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B3r_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mór Kármán (page does not exist)">Mór Kármán</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3r_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="extiw" title="eo:Mór Kármán">eo</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his ancestors were <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Judah_Loew_ben_Bezalel" title="Judah Loew ben Bezalel">Judah Loew ben Bezalel</a>, who was said to be the creator of the <a href="/wiki/Golem#The_classic_narrative:_The_Golem_of_Prague" title="Golem">Golem of Prague</a>, and Rabbi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moses_ben_Menachem_Mendel_Kunitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moses ben Menachem Mendel Kunitz (page does not exist)">Moses ben Menachem Mendel Kunitz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunitzer_M%C3%B3zes" class="extiw" title="hu:Kunitzer Mózes">hu</a>; <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A5" class="extiw" title="he:משה קוניץ">he</a>]</span>, who wrote about <a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Mór, was a well-known educator, who reformed the Hungarian school system and founded <a href="/wiki/Minta_Gymnasium" title="Minta Gymnasium">Minta Gymnasium</a> in Budapest. He became an influential figure and became a commissioner of the Ministry of Education,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was responsible for "planning an education of a young archduke, the Emperor's cousin". In 1907 Mór Karman was ennobled, Theodore later described it:<sup id="cite_ref-rhodes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhodes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>To receive a predicate of nobility, my father had to be landed. Fortunately he owned a small vineyard near Budapest, so the Emperor bestowed upon him the predicate "von Szőllőskislaki" (small grape). I have shortened it to von, for even to me, a Hungarian, the full title is almost unpronounceable.<sup id="cite_ref-rhodes_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhodes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Theodore had three brothers (among them <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elem%C3%A9r_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elemér Kármán (page does not exist)">Elemér Kármán</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elem%C3%A9r_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="extiw" title="eo:Elemér Kármán">eo</a>]</span>) and one sister, <a href="/wiki/Josephine_de_Karman" title="Josephine de Karman">Josephine</a>. At age six, he could "perform large mental calculations",<sup id="cite_ref-mathshistory_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathshistory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example multiplication of six-digit numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-rhodes_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhodes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Father discouraged Theodore's mathematical education, he was afraid that his son would be a <a href="/wiki/Child_prodigy" title="Child prodigy">child prodigy</a> and a freak.<sup id="cite_ref-mathshistory_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathshistory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was tutored by his father and his father's former student; later he entered the Minta Gymnasium in Budapest. He won <a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eötvös Prize (page does not exist)">Eötvös Prize</a> "for the best student in mathematics and science in the whole of Hungary" in his last year at Minta.<sup id="cite_ref-mathshistory_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathshistory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He studied engineering at the city's Royal Joseph Technical University (<a href="/wiki/Budapest_University_of_Technology_and_Economics" title="Budapest University of Technology and Economics">Budapest University of Technology and Economics</a>). He graduated in 1902 with a degree in mechanical engineering, his thesis was "The motion of a heavy rod supported on its rounded end by a horizontal plane". He then served a year as an artillery cadet in the Austro-Hungarian army.<sup id="cite_ref-mathshistory_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathshistory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903-1906 he worked as an assistant at the Royal Joseph Technical University. In 1906 he moved to the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> and joined <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Prandtl" title="Ludwig Prandtl">Ludwig Prandtl</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a>, where he received his doctorate in 1908, for his research on "mathematical models for the buckling of large structures".<sup id="cite_ref-mathshistory_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathshistory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He taught at Göttingen for four years. In 1913 he accepted a position as director of the Aeronautical Institute at <a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_University" title="RWTH Aachen University">RWTH Aachen University</a>, a leading German university. His time at RWTH Aachen was interrupted by service in the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" title="Austro-Hungarian Army">Austro-Hungarian Army</a> from 1915 to 1918, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, when he designed the <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B3czy-K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n-%C5%BDurovec" title="Petróczy-Kármán-Žurovec">Petróczy-Kármán-Žurovec</a>, an early <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mathshistory_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathshistory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, in 1919, he returned to Aachen with his mother and sister Josephine. Some of his students took an interest in <a href="/wiki/Gliding" title="Gliding">gliding</a> and saw the competitions of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B6n-Rossitten_Gesellschaft" title="Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft">Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft</a> as an opportunity to advance in aeronautics. Kármán engaged <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Klemperer" title="Wolfgang Klemperer">Wolfgang Klemperer</a> to design a competitive glider.<sup id="cite_ref-TvK_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TvK-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Josephine encouraged her brother Theodore to expand his science beyond national boundaries. They organized the first international conference in <a href="/wiki/Mechanics" title="Mechanics">mechanics</a> held in September 1922 in <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>. Subsequent conferences were organized as the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Theoretical_and_Applied_Mechanics" title="International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics">International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1926, Karman was first invited to the USA by the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> to build a <a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">wind tunnel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sears_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sears-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mathshistory_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathshistory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1930 he was invited for a position of a full-time director of the Aeronautical Laboratory at California Institute of Technology; his mother and sister, Josephine, also moved to California.<sup id="cite_ref-mathshistory_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathshistory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emigration_and_JPL">Emigration and JPL</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Emigration and JPL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodor_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_sketch_1931.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Theodor_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_sketch_1931.png/220px-Theodor_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_sketch_1931.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Theodor_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_sketch_1931.png/330px-Theodor_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_sketch_1931.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Theodor_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_sketch_1931.png/440px-Theodor_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_sketch_1931.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>1931 drawing of Theodore von Kármán</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Von_Karman_and_JATO_Team_-_GPN-2000-001652_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Von_Karman_and_JATO_Team_-_GPN-2000-001652_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Von_Karman_and_JATO_Team_-_GPN-2000-001652_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Von_Karman_and_JATO_Team_-_GPN-2000-001652_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Von_Karman_and_JATO_Team_-_GPN-2000-001652_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Von_Karman_and_JATO_Team_-_GPN-2000-001652_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Von_Karman_and_JATO_Team_-_GPN-2000-001652_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption>Von Kármán (center) during his work at the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> in 1940</figcaption></figure> <p>Apprehensive about developments in Europe regarding <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>, in 1930 Kármán accepted the directorship of the <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Aeronautical_Laboratory" title="Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory">Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory</a> at the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (GALCIT).<sup id="cite_ref-Sears_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sears-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The directorship included provision for a <a href="/wiki/Research_assistant" title="Research assistant">research assistant</a>, and he selected <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wattendorf" title="Frank Wattendorf">Frank Wattendorf</a>, an American who had been studying for three years in Aachen.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another student <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Edwin_Sechler" title="Ernest Edwin Sechler">Ernest Edwin Sechler</a> took up the problem of making reliable <a href="/wiki/Airframe" title="Airframe">airframes</a> for aircraft, and with Kármán's support, developed an understanding of <a href="/wiki/Aeroelasticity" title="Aeroelasticity">aeroelasticity</a>. </p><p>In 1936, Kármán engaged the legal services of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_G._Haley" title="Andrew G. Haley">Andrew G. Haley</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Aerojet" title="Aerojet">Aerojet</a> Corporation, with his graduate student <a href="/wiki/Frank_Malina" title="Frank Malina">Frank Malina</a> and their experimental rocketry collaborators <a href="/wiki/Jack_Parsons" title="Jack Parsons">Jack Parsons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Forman" title="Edward Forman">Edward Forman</a> to manufacture <a href="/wiki/JATO" title="JATO">JATO</a> rocket motors. Kármán later became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalized citizen</a> of the United States. </p><p>In 1940, Kármán was selected by <a href="/wiki/John_M._Carmody" title="John M. Carmody">John M. Carmody</a>, Administrator of the Federal Works Agency to be on the Board of Engineers tasked with investigating the November 7, 1940, collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge_(1940)" title="Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1940)">Tacoma Narrows Bridge</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, Washington</a>. His expertise was instrumental in discovering the effect of aerodynamic forces on the bridge, causing its unusual "galloping" behavior and eventual collapse. Along with Civil Engineers <a href="/wiki/Othmar_Ammann" title="Othmar Ammann">Othmar Amman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glenn_B._Woodruff" title="Glenn B. Woodruff">Glenn B. Woodruff</a>, he published the report "The Failure of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on March 28, 1941. </p><p>German activity during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> increased US military interest in rocket research. In early 1943, the Experimental Engineering Division of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> Material Command forwarded to Kármán reports from British intelligence sources describing German rockets capable of travelling more than 100 miles (160 km). In a letter dated August 2, 1943, Kármán provided the Army with his analysis of and comments on the German program.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1944 he and others affiliated with GALCIT founded the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> (JPL), which is now a <a href="/wiki/Federally_funded_research_and_development_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally funded research and development center">federally funded research and development center</a> managed and operated by Caltech under a contract from <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. In 1946 he became the first chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Advisory_Group" title="Scientific Advisory Group">Scientific Advisory Group</a> which studied aeronautical technologies for the United States Army Air Forces. He also helped found <a href="/wiki/AGARD" title="AGARD">AGARD</a>, the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> aerodynamics research oversight group (1951), the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_the_Aeronautical_Sciences" title="International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences">International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences</a> (1956), the <a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Astronautics" title="International Academy of Astronautics">International Academy of Astronautics</a> (1960), and the <a href="/wiki/Von_Karman_Institute_for_Fluid_Dynamics" title="Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics">Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sint-Genesius-Rode" title="Sint-Genesius-Rode">Sint-Genesius-Rode</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> (1956). </p><p>He eventually became an important figure in supersonic motion, noting in a seminal paper that aeronautical engineers were "pounding hard on the closed door leading into the field of supersonic motion."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Last_years">Last years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Last years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1944, von Kármán underwent surgery for <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">intestinal cancer</a> in New York City. The surgery caused two <a href="/wiki/Hernia" title="Hernia">hernias</a>, and Kármán's recovery was slow. Early in September, while still in New York, he met US Army Air Forces Commanding General <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">Henry H. Arnold</a> on a runway at <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a>, and Arnold then proposed that Kármán should move to Washington, D.C., to lead the Scientific Advisory Group and become a long-range planning consultant to the military. Kármán returned to <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a> around mid-September, was appointed to the SAG position on October 23, 1944, and left Caltech in December 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the age of 81 Kármán was the recipient of the first <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a>, bestowed in a <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> ceremony by President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>. He was recognized, "For his leadership in the science and engineering basic to aeronautics; for his effective teaching and related contributions in many fields of mechanics, for his distinguished counsel to the Armed Services, and for his promoting international cooperation in science and engineering."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kármán never married. He died on a trip to Aachen, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, in 1963, five days short of his 82nd birthday,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his body was returned to the United States to be entombed in the Beth Olam Mausoleum at what is now the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery" title="Hollywood Forever Cemetery">Hollywood Forever Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has sometimes been described as one of <a href="/wiki/The_Martians_(scientists)" title="The Martians (scientists)">The Martians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kármán's fame was in the use of mathematical tools to study <a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">fluid flow</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the interpretation of those results to guide practical designs. He was instrumental in recognizing the importance of <a href="/wiki/Swept_wing" title="Swept wing">swept-back wings</a> ubiquitous in modern <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet aircraft</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_contributions">Selected contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Selected contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_230419-F-F3405-0001_(restored).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_230419-F-F3405-0001_%28restored%29.jpg/220px-Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_230419-F-F3405-0001_%28restored%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_230419-F-F3405-0001_%28restored%29.jpg/330px-Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_230419-F-F3405-0001_%28restored%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_230419-F-F3405-0001_%28restored%29.jpg/440px-Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_230419-F-F3405-0001_%28restored%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4987" /></a><figcaption>Theodore von Kármán, left, is joined by Air Force and NASA officials while inspecting two of the models used in the high velocity, high altitude <a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">wind tunnels</a> at <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Air_Force_Base" title="Arnold Air Force Base">Arnold Air Force Base</a>, 1959. The missiles are <a href="/wiki/AGARD-B_wind_tunnel_model" title="AGARD-B wind tunnel model">Agard-B</a> and <a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">Atlas Series B</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Specific contributions include theories of non-elastic buckling, <a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_vortex_street" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Kármán vortex street">unsteady wakes in circum-cylinder flow</a>, stability of <a href="/wiki/Laminar_flow" title="Laminar flow">laminar flow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">airfoils</a> in steady and unsteady flow, <a href="/wiki/Boundary_layer" title="Boundary layer">boundary layers</a>, and supersonic aerodynamics. He made additional contributions in other fields, including elasticity, vibration, heat transfer, and <a href="/wiki/Crystallography" title="Crystallography">crystallography</a>. His name also appears in a number of concepts, for example: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6ppl%E2%80%93von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_equations" title="Föppl–von Kármán equations">Föppl–von Kármán equations</a> (large deflection of elastic plates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born%E2%80%93von_Karman_boundary_condition" title="Born–von Karman boundary condition">Born–von Karman boundary condition</a> (in solid state physics)</li> <li>Born–von Kármán lattice model (model for the lattice dynamics of a crystal)</li> <li>Chaplygin–Kármán–Tsien approximation (potential flow)</li> <li>Falkowich–Kármán equation (transonic flow)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_constant" title="Von Kármán constant">von Kármán constant</a> (wall turbulence)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%E2%80%93Moore_theory" title="Kármán–Moore theory">Kármán–Moore theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor%E2%80%93Maccoll_flow#Kármán–Moore_solution" title="Taylor–Maccoll flow">Kármán–Moore solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a> (aerodynamics/astronautics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%E2%80%93Gabrielli_diagram" title="Von Kármán–Gabrielli diagram">von Kármán–Gabrielli diagram</a> (transportation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%E2%80%93Howarth_equation" title="Kármán–Howarth equation">Kármán–Howarth equation</a> (turbulence)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass-flux_fraction" title="Mass-flux fraction">Kármán–Penner flux fraction</a> (combustion)</li> <li>Kármán–Nikuradse correlation (viscous flow; coauthored by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Nikuradse" title="Johann Nikuradse">Johann Nikuradse</a>)</li> <li>Kármán–Pohlhausen parameter (boundary layers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joukowsky_transform" title="Joukowsky transform">Kármán–Treffz transform</a></li> <li>Prandtl–von Kármán law (velocity in open channel flow)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundary_layer#Von_Kármán_momentum_integral" title="Boundary layer">Von Kármán momentum integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nose_cone_design#Haack_series" title="Nose cone design">von Kármán ogive</a> (supersonic aerodynamics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchhoff%E2%80%93Love_plate_theory#Quasistatic_Kirchhoff-Love_plates" title="Kirchhoff–Love plate theory">von Kármán strain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_vortex_street" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Kármán vortex street">von Kármán vortex street</a> (flow past cylinder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_wind_turbulence_model" title="Von Kármán wind turbulence model">von Kármán wind turbulence model</a></li> <li>von Kármán–Tsien compressibility correction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_shedding" title="Vortex shedding">Vortex shedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_swirling_flow" title="Von Kármán swirling flow">Von Kármán swirling flow</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_writings">Selected writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Selected writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_bibliography" title="Theodore von Kármán bibliography">Theodore von Kármán bibliography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvon_KármánBurgers,_J._M.1924" class="citation book cs1">von Kármán, Theodore; <a href="/wiki/Jan_Burgers" title="Jan Burgers">Burgers, J. M.</a> (1924). <i>General Aerodynamic Theory</i>. 2 vols., <a href="/wiki/Julius_Springer" title="Julius Springer">Julius Springer</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Aerodynamic+Theory&rft.pub=2+vols.%2C+Julius+Springer&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.au=Burgers%2C+J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_KármánBiot,_M._A.1940" class="citation book cs1">von Kármán, Theodore; <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Anthony_Biot" title="Maurice Anthony Biot">Biot, M. A.</a> (1940). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mathematicalmeth00biot"><i>Mathematical Methods in Engineering; An introduction to the Mathematical Treatment of Engineering Problems</i></a></span>. McGraw-Hill. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mathematicalmeth00biot/page/n516">505</a>. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0006AOTLK">B0006AOTLK</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematical+Methods+in+Engineering%3B+An+introduction+to+the+Mathematical+Treatment+of+Engineering+Problems&rft.pages=505&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0006AOTLK%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.au=Biot%2C+M.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmathematicalmeth00biot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_KármánBiot,_M._A.2004" class="citation book cs1">von Kármán, Theodore; <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Anthony_Biot" title="Maurice Anthony Biot">Biot, M. A.</a> (2004). <i>Aerodynamics: Selected Topics in the Light of Their Historical Development</i>. Dover Books on Aeronautical Engineering. Dover Publications. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-43485-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-43485-8"><bdi>978-0-486-43485-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aerodynamics%3A+Selected+Topics+in+the+Light+of+Their+Historical+Development&rft.series=Dover+Books+on+Aeronautical+Engineering&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-486-43485-8&rft.aulast=von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.au=Biot%2C+M.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Kármán1956" class="citation book cs1">von Kármán, Theodore (1956). <i>Collected Works of Dr. T. von Kármán (1902–1951)</i>. 4 vols., Butterworth Scientific Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Works+of+Dr.+T.+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n+%281902%E2%80%931951%29&rft.pub=4+vols.%2C+Butterworth+Scientific+Publications&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Kármán1961" class="citation book cs1">von Kármán, Theodore (1961). <i>From Low-Speed Aerodynamics to Astronautics</i>. Pergamon Press. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000H4OVPO">B000H4OVPO</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Low-Speed+Aerodynamics+to+Astronautics&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000H4OVPO%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_KármánEdson1967" class="citation book cs1">von Kármán, Theodore; Edson, L. (1967). <i>The Wind and Beyond—T. von Kármán Pioneer in Aviation and Pathfinder in Space</i>. Little Brown. p. 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-90753-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-90753-8"><bdi>978-0-316-90753-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wind+and+Beyond%E2%80%94T.+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n+Pioneer+in+Aviation+and+Pathfinder+in+Space&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=Little+Brown&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-316-90753-8&rft.aulast=von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.au=Edson%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autobiography">Autobiography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Autobiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four years after Kármán died his <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a> <i>The Wind and Beyond</i> was published by Lee Edson with <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a>. Seven major <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journals</a> then followed with <a href="/wiki/Book_review" title="Book review">book reviews</a> by noted authors: As the book was non-technical, written for the general reader, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Hughes" title="Thomas P. Hughes">Thomas P. Hughes</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cited that as problematic given the technical context of Kármán's work. Hughes conceded that Kármán "exhibited a genius for finding the simplifying assumptions that made possible the mathematical analysis." While acknowledging Kármán's gifts as an applied mathematician and teacher, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Corrsin" title="Stanley Corrsin">Stanley Corrsin</a> points out that the autobiography is "marriage between a man and his ego." In the later part of his life, Kármán was a "planner of global symposia and societies" and a "consultant to the upper echelons of the Pentagon corps."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creativity</a>, Kármán wrote "the finest creative thought comes not out of organized teams but out of the quiet of one's own world."<sup id="cite_ref-TvK_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TvK-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 307">: 307 </span></sup> In his review<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I. B. Holley noted "penetrating insights into the creative process, its ingredients, nurture and exploitation." According to Holley, Kármán was given to "convivial drinking and the company of beautiful women." </p><p>An enthusiastic review by J. Kestin<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advised readers to buy and study the book, and prize it as a reference. On the other hand, Charles Süsskind<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> faults Kármán for his contempt for the conventional (gaminarie). Süsskind expected the book to show some reaction to <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a>'s coming to America, and some clarification of the <a href="/wiki/Hsue-shen_Tsien" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsue-shen Tsien">Hsue-shen Tsien</a> affair, rather than "lapses into generalities". Süsskind also tags Kármán as a <a href="/wiki/Militarist" class="mw-redirect" title="Militarist">militarist</a>: a "forthright engineer who is quite unabashed about his lifelong association with military authorities in whatever country he happened to reside at the time." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Goldstein" title="Sydney Goldstein">Sydney Goldstein</a>, who also wrote the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> memoir for Kármán, reviewed the autobiography<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remembered "an eminent engineer and scientist, warm-hearted and witty, much traveled, well-known by many, devoted to international collaboration, who, in his own words, as a scientist found the military 'the most comfortable group to deal with'". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_legacy">Honors and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Honors and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_receives_National_Medal_of_Science_(JFKWHP-AR7727-A).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_receives_National_Medal_of_Science_%28JFKWHP-AR7727-A%29.jpg/220px-Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_receives_National_Medal_of_Science_%28JFKWHP-AR7727-A%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_receives_National_Medal_of_Science_%28JFKWHP-AR7727-A%29.jpg/330px-Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_receives_National_Medal_of_Science_%28JFKWHP-AR7727-A%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_receives_National_Medal_of_Science_%28JFKWHP-AR7727-A%29.jpg/440px-Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_receives_National_Medal_of_Science_%28JFKWHP-AR7727-A%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="783" /></a><figcaption>Presentation of the National Medal of Science to Theodore von Kármán by President Kennedy.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Kármán was elected to the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1938,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Each year since 1960 the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> has awarded to an individual the <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_Karman_Medal" title="Theodore von Karman Medal">Theodore von Karman Medal</a>, "in recognition of distinguished achievement in engineering mechanics."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Established in 1968, the <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_Prize" title="Theodore von Kármán Prize">Theodore von Kármán Prize</a> has been awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Industrial_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics">Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics</a> to recognize outstanding application of mathematics in mechanics or engineering.</li> <li>In 1968, Kármán was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/International_Air_%26_Space_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Air & Space Hall of Fame">International Air & Space Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Established in 1983, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore von Kármán Award (page does not exist)">Theodore von Kármán Award</a> has been awarded annually by the <a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Astronautics" title="International Academy of Astronautics">International Academy of Astronautics</a> to recognize outstanding lifetime achievements in any branch of science without limit of nationality or sex.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2005 Kármán was named as an Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Engineering_Development_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold Engineering Development Center">Arnold Engineering Development Center</a> (AEDC). Fellows of the AEDC are recognized as "People who have made exceptionally distinguished contributions to the center's flight testing mission."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">Craters</a> on <a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_(Martian_crater)" title="Von Kármán (Martian crater)">Mars</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_(lunar_crater)" title="Von Kármán (lunar crater)">Moon</a> are named in his honor.</li> <li>The boundary between the atmosphere and space is named the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Irvine,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Irvine, CA">Irvine, CA</a> there is a five-mile street in the heart of Irvine's business center named after him.</li> <li>In 1977, <a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_University" title="RWTH Aachen University">RWTH Aachen University</a> named its newly constructed main lecture hall complex "Kármán-Auditorium" in memory of Kármán's outstanding research contributions at the university's Aeronautical Institute.</li> <li>An auditorium at JPL is named after Kármán,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as is a series of monthly lectures held there since 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An auditorium at <a href="/wiki/AFRL" class="mw-redirect" title="AFRL">AFRL</a> is named after <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">Arnold</a> and Kármán.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> Professor <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Thomas_(USC_professor)" title="Shirley Thomas (USC professor)">Shirley Thomas</a> (after nearly two decades of petitioning) was able to create a <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamp</a> in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1963 President Kennedy awarded Kármán the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a>: "Dr. von Karman, it is a great pleasure for me to select you as the first recipient of the National Medal of Science. I know of no one else who more completely represents all of the areas with which this award is appropriately concerned—science, engineering, and education."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1957, Kármán became the first recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig-Prandtl-Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig-Prandtl-Ring">Ludwig-Prandtl-Ring</a> from <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Luft-_und_Raumfahrt" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt">Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt</a> (German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics) for "outstanding contribution in the field of aerospace engineering."</li> <li>In 1956 Kármán founded a research institute in <a href="/wiki/Sint-Genesius-Rode" title="Sint-Genesius-Rode">Sint-Genesius-Rode</a>, Belgium, which is now named after him: the <a href="/wiki/Von_Karman_Institute_for_Fluid_Dynamics" title="Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics">von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics</a>.</li> <li>In 1948 Kármán was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Medal" title="Franklin Medal">Franklin Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a> selected Kármán as its Josiah Willard Gibbs Lecturer for 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>International von Kármán Wings Award Banquet</i> is an annual affair.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The only still airworthy <a href="/wiki/Lisunov_Li-2" title="Lisunov Li-2">Lisunov Li-2</a> plane (<a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">reg.</a> HA-LIX) has been named <i>Kármán Tódor</i> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1983, He was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Aviation_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Aviation Hall of Fame">National Aviation Hall of Fame</a> in Dayton, Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Martians_(scientists)" title="The Martians (scientists)">The Martians (scientists)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Karman_Institute_for_Fluid_Dynamics" title="Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics">von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshimura_buckling" title="Yoshimura buckling">Yoshimura buckling</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">von Karman's own recollections about the prize and competition: "Selected students were kept in a closed room and given difficult mathematics problems, which demanded creative and even daring thinking. The teacher of the pupil who won the prize would gain great distinction, so the competition was keen and teachers worked hard to prepare their best students. I tried out for this prize against students of great attainments, and to my delight I managed to win. Now, I note that more than half of all the famous expatriate Hungarian scientists, and almost all the well-known ones in the United States, have won this prize."<sup id="cite_ref-Gymnasium_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gymnasium-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1966" class="citation journal cs1">Goldstein, S. (1966). "Theodore von Karman 1881–1963". <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>12</b>: <span class="nowrap">334–</span>365. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1966.0016">10.1098/rsbm.1966.0016</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:72977857">72977857</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Theodore+von+Karman+1881%E2%80%931963&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E334-%3C%2Fspan%3E365&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1966.0016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A72977857%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=13700">Theodore von Kármán</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Karman-line">"Karman line | Definition & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Karman+line+%7C+Definition+%26+Facts&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2FKarman-line&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Iris_Chang" title="Iris Chang">Chang, Iris</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thread_of_the_Silkworm" title="Thread of the Silkworm">Thread of the Silkworm</a></i>, Basic Books, 1996, pages 47–60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenbergGoodstein1983" class="citation journal cs1">Greenberg, J. L.; Goodstein, J. R. (1983). "Theodore von Karman and Applied Mathematics in America". <i>Science</i>. <b>222</b> (4630): <span class="nowrap">1300–</span>1304. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983Sci...222.1300G">1983Sci...222.1300G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.222.4630.1300">10.1126/science.222.4630.1300</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17773321">17773321</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19738034">19738034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Theodore+von+Karman+and+Applied+Mathematics+in+America&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=4630&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1300-%3C%2Fspan%3E1304&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.222.4630.1300&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19738034%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17773321&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983Sci...222.1300G&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=J.+L.&rft.au=Goodstein%2C+J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSears1965" class="citation journal cs1">Sears, W. 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"Some Recollections of Theodore von Kármán". <i>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics</i>. <b>13</b>: <span class="nowrap">175–</span>183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1137%2F0113011">10.1137/0113011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+for+Industrial+and+Applied+Mathematics&rft.atitle=Some+Recollections+of+Theodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E175-%3C%2Fspan%3E183&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1137%2F0113011&rft.aulast=Sears&rft.aufirst=W.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-von-Karman">"Theodore von Kármán | Aerospace Engineer, Physicist & Mathematician | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. May 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Theodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n+%7C+Aerospace+Engineer%2C+Physicist+%26+Mathematician+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2023-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FTheodore-von-Karman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhodes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rhodes_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rhodes_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rhodes_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes2012" class="citation book cs1">Rhodes, Richard (September 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aSgFMMNQ6G4C"><i>The Making of the Atomic Bomb</i></a>. 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Publishers, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57864-397-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57864-397-4">978-1-57864-397-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091215075002/http://iaaweb.org/content/view/142/242/">"von Karman Award"</a>. <i>International Academy of Astronautics</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iaaweb.org/content/view/142/242/">the original</a> on December 15, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved April 23, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/events/lectures.php">"Von Kármán Lecture Series"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n+Lecture+Series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fevents%2Flectures.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sageman.freeservers.com/spacestamps/karman.html">"1992 29¢ Theodore von Karman Stamps Scott #2699"</a>. Exploring Space Stamps.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1992+29%C2%A2+Theodore+von+Karman+Stamps+Scott+%232699&rft.pub=Exploring+Space+Stamps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsageman.freeservers.com%2Fspacestamps%2Fkarman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy, John F. (February 18, 1963) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=9565">"Remarks Upon Presenting the National Medal of Science to Theodore von Karman"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150220104036/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=9565">Archived</a> February 20, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The American Presidency Project.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fi.edu/laureates/theodor-von-karman">"Theodor Von Karman"</a>. <i>The Franklin Institute</i>. January 15, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Franklin+Institute&rft.atitle=Theodor+Von+Karman&rft.date=2014-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fi.edu%2Flaureates%2Ftheodor-von-karman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/meetings/lectures/meet-gibbs-lect">Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectures</a>. American Mathematical Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Kármán1940" class="citation journal cs1">von Kármán, Theodore (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bams/1183502816">"The engineer grapples with nonlinear problems"</a>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>46</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">615–</span>683. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1940-07266-0">10.1090/s0002-9904-1940-07266-0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0003131">0003131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=The+engineer+grapples+with+nonlinear+problems&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E615-%3C%2Fspan%3E683&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1940-07266-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D003131%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojecteuclid.org%2Feuclid.bams%2F1183502816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahs.caltech.edu/scholarship/index.html">"The International von Kármán Wings Award"</a>. <i>Caltech</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caltech&rft.atitle=The+International+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n+Wings+Award&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahs.caltech.edu%2Fscholarship%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.li-2.hu/?modul=html&content=esemenyek_fontos">Fontos események</a> li-2.hu, retrieved June 10, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalaviation.org/enshrinee/theodore-von-karman/">"Enshrinee Theodore Karman"</a>. <i>nationalaviation.org</i>. National Aviation Hall of Fame<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalaviation.org&rft.atitle=Enshrinee+Theodore+Karman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalaviation.org%2Fenshrinee%2Ftheodore-von-karman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntman2006" class="citation book cs1">Antman, Stuart S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-30721-1_11">"Theodore von Kármán"</a>. <i>A Panorama of Hungarian Mathematics in the Twentieth Century I</i>. Bolyai Society Mathematical Studies. Vol. 14. pp. <span class="nowrap">373–</span>382. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-540-30721-1_11">10.1007/978-3-540-30721-1_11</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-28945-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-28945-6"><bdi>978-3-540-28945-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&rft.btitle=A+Panorama+of+Hungarian+Mathematics+in+the+Twentieth+Century+I&rft.series=Bolyai+Society+Mathematical+Studies&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E373-%3C%2Fspan%3E382&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-540-30721-1_11&rft.isbn=978-3-540-28945-6&rft.aulast=Antman&rft.aufirst=Stuart+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-3-540-30721-1_11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Chang" title="Iris Chang">I. Chang</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thread_of_the_Silkworm" title="Thread of the Silkworm">Thread of the Silkworm</a></i>. Perseus Books Group (1995). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-08716-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-08716-7">0-465-08716-7</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDryden1965" class="citation book cs1">Dryden, Hugh L. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/von-karman-theodore.pdf"><i>Theodore von Karman. A Biographical Memoir</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington D.C.: National Academy of Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theodore+von+Karman.+A+Biographical+Memoir&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Dryden&rft.aufirst=Hugh+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fvon-karman-theodore.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>G. Gabrielli, "Theodore von Kármán", <i>Atti Accad. Sci. Torino Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Natur.</i> 98 (1963/1964), 471–485.</li> <li>M. H. Gorn, <i>The Universal Man: Theodore von Kármán's Life in Aeronautics</i> (Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1992).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenbergGoodstein1983" class="citation journal cs1">Greenberg, John L.; <a href="/wiki/Judith_R._Goodstein" title="Judith R. 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S. Halacy, Jr., <i>Father of Supersonic Flight: Theodor von Kármán</i> (1965).</li> <li>R. C. Hall, "Shaping the course of aeronautics, rocketry, and astronautics: Theodore von Kármán, 1881–1963," <i>J. Astronaut. Sci.</i> 26 (4) (1978), 369–386.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPennerWilliamsLibbyNemat-Nasser2009" class="citation journal cs1">Penner, S.S.; Williams, F.A.; Libby, P.A.; Nemat-Nasser, S. (January 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241554658">"Von Kármán's Work: The Later Years (1952 to 1963) and Legacy"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics</i>. <b>41</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.fluid.010908.165156">10.1146/annurev.fluid.010908.165156</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%27s+Work%3A+The+Later+Years+%281952+to+1963%29+and+Legacy&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.fluid.010908.165156&rft.aulast=Penner&rft.aufirst=S.S.&rft.au=Williams%2C+F.A.&rft.au=Libby%2C+P.A.&rft.au=Nemat-Nasser%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F241554658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>J. Polásek, "Theodore von Kármán and applied mathematics" (Czech), <i>Pokroky Mat. Fyz. 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"Theodore von Kármán, 1881–1963". <i>Astronautica Acta</i>. <b>10</b>: 81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronautica+Acta&rft.atitle=Theodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%2C+1881%E2%80%931963&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=81&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Wattendorf&rft.aufirst=F.+L.&rft.au=Malina%2C+F.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodore+von+K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Goodstein">Judith R. Goodstein</a> and Carolyn Kopp (1981) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authors.library.caltech.edu/25071/1/vonKarmanCollectionGuide.pdf">Guide to the Von Kármán Collections</a>, Institute Archives, Robert A. Millikan Library, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527200322/http://beacon.jpl.nasa.gov/exhibits/directors/vonKarman.htm">JPL Director 1938-44</a> from <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vki.ac.be/">The Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anb.org/articles/13/13-01987.html?a=1&n=Karman&d=10&ss=0&q=1">Theodore von Karman</a> from <a href="/wiki/American_National_Biography" title="American National Biography">American National Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710015428/http://etc13.fuw.edu.pl/historical-turbulence">Video recording of the N. Peters's lecture on life and work of Theodore von Kármán</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7936">Theodore von Kármán</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_ASME_Medal79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ASME_Medal" title="Template:ASME Medal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ASME_Medal" title="Template talk:ASME Medal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ASME_Medal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ASME Medal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_ASME_Medal79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/ASME_Medal" title="ASME Medal">ASME Medal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1921–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_G._Carlson" title="Hjalmar G. Carlson">Hjalmar G. Carlson</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Halsey" title="Frederick A. Halsey">Frederick A. Halsey</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/John_R._Freeman" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Freeman">John R. Freeman</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Lewis" title="Wilfred Lewis">Wilfred Lewis</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Julian_Kennedy" title="Julian Kennedy">Julian Kennedy</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/W._L._R._Emmet" class="mw-redirect" title="W. L. R. Emmet">W. L. R. Emmet</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Kingsbury" title="Albert Kingsbury">Albert Kingsbury</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Swasey" title="Ambrose Swasey">Ambrose Swasey</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Carrier" title="Willis Carrier">Willis Carrier</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Main" title="Charles T. Main">Charles T. Main</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bausch" title="Edward Bausch">Edward Bausch</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Bullard_Jr." title="Edward P. Bullard Jr.">Edward P. Bullard Jr.</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Pigott" title="Stephen J. Pigott">Stephen J. Pigott</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/James_E._Gleason" title="James E. Gleason">James E. Gleason</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Kettering" title="Charles F. Kettering">Charles F. Kettering</a></li> <li>1941: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Theodore von Kármán</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/Ervin_G._Bailey" title="Ervin G. Bailey">Ervin G. Bailey</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_K._Sillcox" title="Lewis K. Sillcox">Lewis K. Sillcox</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Budd" title="Edward G. Budd">Edward G. Budd</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/William_F._Durand" title="William F. Durand">William F. Durand</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Morris_E._Leeds" title="Morris E. Leeds">Morris E. Leeds</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Kiefer" title="Paul W. Kiefer">Paul W. Kiefer</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_G._Keyes" title="Frederick G. Keyes">Frederick G. Keyes</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Dornbrook" title="Fred L. Dornbrook">Fred L. Dornbrook</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_C._Knowles" title="Harvey C. Knowles">Harvey C. Knowles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Glenn_B._Warren" title="Glenn B. Warren">Glenn B. Warren</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Nevin_E._Funk" title="Nevin E. Funk">Nevin E. Funk</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Crosby_Field" title="Crosby Field">Crosby Field</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/E._Burnley_Powell" title="E. Burnley Powell">E. Burnley Powell</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Granville_M._Read" title="Granville M. Read">Granville M. Read</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Vickers" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry F. Vickers">Harry F. Vickers</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Llewellyn_M._K._Boelter" title="Llewellyn M. K. Boelter">Llewellyn M. K. Boelter</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Wilbur_H._Armacost" title="Wilbur H. Armacost">Wilbur H. Armacost</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frisch" title="Martin Frisch">Martin Frisch</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/C._Richard_Soderberg" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Richard Soderberg">C. Richard Soderberg</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sporn" title="Philip Sporn">Philip Sporn</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Igor_I._Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor I. Sikorsky">Igor I. Sikorsky</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(engineer)" title="Alan Howard (engineer)">Alan Howard</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Burgers" title="Jan Burgers">Jan Burgers</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Mayo_D._Hersey" title="Mayo D. Hersey">Mayo D. Hersey</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel C. Collins">Samuel C. Collins</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_H._Donnell" title="Lloyd H. Donnell">Lloyd H. Donnell</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Gilruth" title="Robert R. Gilruth">Robert R. Gilruth</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Smart_Beattie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Smart Beattie (page does not exist)">Horace Smart Beattie</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Waloddi_Weibull" title="Waloddi Weibull">Waloddi Weibull</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr." title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr.">Christopher C. Kraft Jr.</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Hoff" title="Nicholas J. Hoff">Nicholas J. Hoff</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Maxime_A._Faget" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxime A. Faget">Maxime A. Faget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_D._Mindlin" title="Raymond D. Mindlin">Raymond D. Mindlin</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Mann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Mann (page does not exist)">Robert W. Mann</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Pieter_Den_Hartog" title="Jacob Pieter Den Hartog">Jacob P. Den Hartog</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Soichiro_Honda" title="Soichiro Honda">Soichiro Honda</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_S._Hahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert S. Hahn (page does not exist)">Robert S. Hahn</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_N._Binns_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack N. Binns Sr. (page does not exist)">Jack N. Binns Sr.</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Cohen_(Deputy_NASA_administrator)" title="Aaron Cohen (Deputy NASA administrator)">Aaron Cohen</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milton_C._Shaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milton C. Shaw (page does not exist)">Milton C. Shaw</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orlan_W._Boston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orlan W. Boston (page does not exist)">Orlan W. Boston</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Philip_G._Hodge" title="Philip G. Hodge">Philip G. Hodge</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Reissner" title="Eric Reissner">Eric Reissner</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/William_R._Sears" title="William R. Sears">William R. Sears</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Harley_A._Wilhelm" title="Harley A. Wilhelm">Harley A. Wilhelm</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Gallagher" title="Richard H. Gallagher">Richard H. Gallagher</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_C._Dean_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert C. Dean Jr. (page does not exist)">Robert C. Dean Jr.</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Budiansky" title="Bernard Budiansky">Bernard Budiansky</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Kreith" title="Frank Kreith">Frank Kreith</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/H._Norman_Abramson" title="H. Norman Abramson">H. Norman Abramson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_E._Bergles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur E. Bergles (page does not exist)">Arthur E. Bergles</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_M._Rohsenow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warren M. Rohsenow (page does not exist)">Warren M. Rohsenow</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Leroy_S._Fletcher" title="Leroy S. Fletcher">Leroy S. Fletcher</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Norman_R._Augustine" title="Norman R. Augustine">Norman R. Augustine</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Bradford_W._Parkinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford W. Parkinson">Bradford W. Parkinson</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Uhrig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Uhrig (page does not exist)">Robert E. Uhrig</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_J._Goldstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard J. Goldstein (page does not exist)">Richard J. Goldstein</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Dean_L._Kamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean L. Kamen">Dean L. Kamen</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_E._Talke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank E. Talke (page does not exist)">Frank E. Talke</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Suh_Nam-pyo" title="Suh Nam-pyo">Nam-pyo Suh</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/John_Abele" title="John Abele">John Abele</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/C._Daniel_Mote,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="C. Daniel Mote, Jr.">C. Daniel Mote, Jr.</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Jan_D._Achenbach" title="Jan D. Achenbach">Jan D. Achenbach</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siavouche_Nemat-Nasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siavouche Nemat-Nasser (page does not exist)">Siavouche Nemat-Nasser</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Van_C._Mow" title="Van C. Mow">Van C. Mow</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/James_R._Rice" title="James R. Rice">James R. Rice</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/J._N._Reddy_(engineer)" title="J. N. Reddy (engineer)">J. N. Reddy</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zd%C4%9Bnek_P._Ba%C5%BEant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zděnek P. Bažant (page does not exist)">Zděnek P. Bažant</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J.R._Hughes" title="Thomas J.R. Hughes">Thomas J.R. Hughes</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Reginald_I._Vachon" title="Reginald I. Vachon">Reginald I. Vachon</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol_D._Spanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pol D. Spanos (page does not exist)">Pol D. Spanos</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Katepalli_R._Sreenivasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Katepalli R. Sreenivasan">Katepalli R. Sreenivasan</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Huajian_Gao" title="Huajian Gao">Huajian Gao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Fritz_Medal71" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Fritz_Medal" title="Template:John Fritz Medal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Fritz_Medal" title="Template talk:John Fritz Medal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Fritz_Medal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Fritz Medal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Fritz_Medal71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Fritz_Medal" title="John Fritz Medal">John Fritz Medal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1902–1924</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1902 : <a href="/wiki/John_Fritz" title="John Fritz">John Fritz</a></li> <li>1903 : <i>No award</i></li> <li>1904 : <i>No award</i></li> <li>1905 : <a href="/wiki/Lord_Kelvin" title="Lord Kelvin">Lord Kelvin</a></li> <li>1906 : <a href="/wiki/George_Westinghouse" title="George Westinghouse">George Westinghouse</a></li> <li>1907 : <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li>1908 : <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Alva Edison</a></li> <li>1909 : <a href="/wiki/Charles_Talbot_Porter" title="Charles Talbot Porter">Charles Talbot Porter</a></li> <li>1910 : <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Noble_(engineer)" title="Alfred Noble (engineer)">Alfred Noble</a></li> <li>1911 : Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_White" title="William Henry White">William Henry White</a></li> <li>1912 : <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woolston_Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Woolston Hunt">Robert Woolston Hunt</a></li> <li>1913 : <i>No award</i></li> <li>1914 : <a href="/wiki/John_Edson_Sweet" title="John Edson Sweet">John Edson Sweet</a></li> <li>1915 : <a href="/wiki/James_Douglas_(businessman)" title="James Douglas (businessman)">James Douglas</a></li> <li>1916 : <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a></li> <li>1917 : <a href="/wiki/Henry_Marion_Howe" title="Henry Marion Howe">Henry Marion Howe</a></li> <li>1918 : <a href="/wiki/J._Waldo_Smith" title="J. Waldo Smith">J. Waldo Smith</a></li> <li>1919 : Gen. <a href="/wiki/George_W._Goethals" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Goethals">George W. Goethals</a></li> <li>1920 : <a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Orville Wright</a></li> <li>1921 : Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hadfield" title="Robert Hadfield">Robert Hadfield</a></li> <li>1922 : <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Schneider_II" title="Eugène Schneider II">Charles P. E. Schneider</a></li> <li>1923 : <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li>1924 : <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Swasey" title="Ambrose Swasey">Ambrose Swasey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1925–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1925 : <a href="/wiki/John_Frank_Stevens" title="John Frank Stevens">John Frank Stevens</a></li> <li>1926 : <a href="/wiki/Edward_Dean_Adams" title="Edward Dean Adams">Edward Dean Adams</a></li> <li>1927 : <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Ambrose_Sperry" title="Elmer Ambrose Sperry">Elmer Ambrose Sperry</a></li> <li>1928 : <a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Carty" class="mw-redirect" title="John Joseph Carty">John Joseph Carty</a></li> <li>1929 : <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Clark_Hoover" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Clark Hoover">Herbert Clark Hoover</a></li> <li>1930 : <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Modjeski" title="Ralph Modjeski">Ralph Modjeski</a></li> <li>1931 : <a href="/wiki/David_Watson_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="David Watson Taylor">David Watson Taylor</a></li> <li>1932 : <a href="/wiki/Mihajlo_Idvorski_Pupin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin">Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin</a></li> <li>1933 : <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cowan_Jackling" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Cowan Jackling">Daniel Cowan Jackling</a></li> <li>1934 : <a href="/wiki/John_Ripley_Freeman" title="John Ripley Freeman">John Ripley Freeman</a> (posthumous)</li> <li>1935 : <a href="/wiki/Frank_Julian_Sprague" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Julian Sprague">Frank Julian Sprague</a> (posthumous)</li> <li>1936 : <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Durand" class="mw-redirect" title="William Frederick Durand">William Frederick Durand</a></li> <li>1937 : <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Newell_Talbot" title="Arthur Newell Talbot">Arthur Newell Talbot</a></li> <li>1938 : <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dyer_Merica" title="Paul Dyer Merica">Paul Dyer Merica</a></li> <li>1939 : <a href="/wiki/Frank_Baldwin_Jewett" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Baldwin Jewett">Frank Baldwin Jewett</a></li> <li>1940 : <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Floyd_Hirshfeld" title="Clarence Floyd Hirshfeld">Clarence Floyd Hirshfeld</a> (posthumous)</li> <li>1941 : <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Budd" title="Ralph Budd">Ralph Budd</a></li> <li>1942 : <a href="/wiki/Everette_Lee_DeGolyer" title="Everette Lee DeGolyer">Everette Lee DeGolyer</a></li> <li>1943 : <a href="/wiki/Willis_Rodney_Whitney" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis Rodney Whitney">Willis Rodney Whitney</a></li> <li>1944 : <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Kettering" title="Charles F. Kettering">Charles F. Kettering</a></li> <li>1945 : <a href="/wiki/John_L._Savage" title="John L. Savage">John Lucian Savage</a></li> <li>1946 : <a href="/wiki/Zay_Jeffries" title="Zay Jeffries">Zay Jeffries</a></li> <li>1947 : <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Warrington_Chubb" title="Lewis Warrington Chubb">Lewis Warrington Chubb</a></li> <li>1948 : <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Theodore von Kármán</a></li> <li>1949 : <a href="/wiki/Charles_Metcalf_Allen" title="Charles Metcalf Allen">Charles Metcalf Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1950 : <a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Aldridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter H. Aldridge">Walter H. Aldridge</a></li> <li>1951 : <a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></li> <li>1952 : <a href="/wiki/Ervin_George_Bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ervin George Bailey">Ervin George Bailey</a></li> <li>1953 : <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Fairless" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin F. Fairless">Benjamin F. Fairless</a></li> <li>1954 : <a href="/wiki/William_Embry_Wrather" title="William Embry Wrather">William Embry Wrather</a></li> <li>1955 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Alonzo_Winne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Alonzo Winne (page does not exist)">Harry Alonzo Winne</a></li> <li>1956 : <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sporn" title="Philip Sporn">Philip Sporn</a></li> <li>1957 : <a href="/wiki/Ben_Moreell" title="Ben Moreell">Ben Moreell</a></li> <li>1958 : <a href="/wiki/John_R._Suman" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Suman">John R. Suman</a></li> <li>1959 : <a href="/wiki/Mervin_Kelly" title="Mervin Kelly">Mervin J. Kelly</a></li> <li>1960 : <a href="/wiki/Gwilym_A._Price" title="Gwilym A. Price">Gwilym A. Price</a></li> <li>1961 : <a href="/wiki/Stephen_D._Bechtel" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen D. Bechtel">Stephen D. Bechtel</a></li> <li>1962 : <a href="/wiki/Crawford_H._Greenewalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford H. Greenewalt">Crawford H. Greenewalt</a></li> <li>1963 : <a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Dryden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh L. Dryden">Hugh L. Dryden</a></li> <li>1964 : <a href="/wiki/Lucius_D._Clay" title="Lucius D. Clay">Lucius D. Clay</a></li> <li>1965 : <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Kappel" title="Frederick Kappel">Frederick Kappel</a></li> <li>1966 : <a href="/wiki/Warren_K._Lewis" title="Warren K. Lewis">Warren K. Lewis</a></li> <li>1967 : <a href="/wiki/Walker_L._Cisler" class="mw-redirect" title="Walker L. Cisler">Walker L. Cisler</a></li> <li>1968 : <a href="/wiki/Igor_Ivan_Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Ivan Sikorsky">Igor Ivan Sikorsky</a></li> <li>1969 : <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lawrence_Haider" title="Michael Lawrence Haider">Michael Lawrence Haider</a></li> <li>1970 : <a href="/wiki/Glenn_B._Warren" title="Glenn B. Warren">Glenn B. Warren</a></li> <li>1971 : <a href="/wiki/Patrick_E._Haggerty" title="Patrick E. Haggerty">Patrick E. Haggerty</a></li> <li>1972 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Webster_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Webster (engineer) (page does not exist)">William Webster</a></li> <li>1973 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyman_Wilber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyman Wilber (page does not exist)">Lyman Wilber</a></li> <li>1974 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._I._Romnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. I. Romnes (page does not exist)">H. I. Romnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1975 : <a href="/wiki/Manson_Benedict" title="Manson Benedict">Manson Benedict</a></li> <li>1976 : <a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine" title="Thomas O. Paine">Thomas O. Paine</a></li> <li>1977 : <a href="/wiki/George_R._Brown" title="George R. Brown">George R. Brown</a></li> <li>1978 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_G._Heitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert G. Heitz (page does not exist)">Robert G. Heitz</a></li> <li>1979 : <a href="/wiki/Nathan_M._Newmark" title="Nathan M. Newmark">Nathan M. Newmark</a></li> <li>1980 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Louis_Austin,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. Louis Austin, Jr. (page does not exist)">T. Louis Austin, Jr.</a></li> <li>1981 : <a href="/wiki/Ian_MacGregor" title="Ian MacGregor">Ian MacGregor</a></li> <li>1982 : <a href="/wiki/David_Packard" title="David Packard">David Packard</a></li> <li>1983 : <a href="/wiki/Claude_Elwood_Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Elwood Shannon">Claude Elwood Shannon</a></li> <li>1984 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_A._Roe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth A. Roe (page does not exist)">Kenneth A. Roe</a></li> <li>1985 : <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a></li> <li>1986 : <a href="/wiki/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></li> <li>1987 : <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Landau" title="Ralph Landau">Ralph Landau</a></li> <li>1988 : <a href="/wiki/Ralph_B._Peck" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph B. Peck">Ralph B. Peck</a></li> <li>1989 : <a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Noyce" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert N. Noyce">Robert N. Noyce</a></li> <li>1990 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_A._Cain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon A. Cain (page does not exist)">Gordon A. Cain</a></li> <li>1991 : <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Rouse" title="Hunter Rouse">Hunter Rouse</a></li> <li>1992 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serge_Gratch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serge Gratch (page does not exist)">Serge Gratch</a></li> <li>1993 : <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Moore" title="Gordon Moore">Gordon Moore</a></li> <li>1994 : <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_C._Hottel" title="Hoyt C. Hottel">Hoyt C. Hottel</a></li> <li>1995 : <a href="/wiki/Lynn_S._Beedle" title="Lynn S. Beedle">Lynn S. Beedle</a></li> <li>1996 : <a href="/wiki/George_N._Hatsopoulos" title="George N. Hatsopoulos">George N. Hatsopoulos</a></li> <li>1997 : <a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Humphrey" title="Arthur E. Humphrey">Arthur E. Humphrey</a></li> <li>1998 : <a href="/wiki/Ivan_A._Getting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan A. Getting">Ivan A. Getting</a></li> <li>1999 : <a href="/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">George H. Heilmeier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 : <a href="/wiki/John_W._Fisher" title="John W. Fisher">John W. Fisher</a></li> <li>2001 : <a href="/wiki/Paul_C._W._Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. W. Chu">Paul C. W. Chu</a></li> <li>2002 : <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Goldin" title="Daniel Goldin">Daniel Goldin</a></li> <li>2003 : <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a></li> <li>2004 : <a href="/wiki/John_A._Swanson" title="John A. Swanson">John A. Swanson</a></li> <li>2005 : <a href="/wiki/George_Tamaro" title="George Tamaro">George Tamaro</a></li> <li>2006 : <i>No award</i></li> <li>2007 : <a href="/wiki/Gavriel_Salvendy" title="Gavriel Salvendy">Gavriel Salvendy</a></li> <li>2008 : <a href="/wiki/Kristina_M._Johnson" title="Kristina M. Johnson">Kristina M. Johnson</a></li> <li>2009 : <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Claeys_Brill" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvonne Claeys Brill">Yvonne Claeys Brill</a></li> <li>2010 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_J._Posakony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald J. Posakony (page does not exist)">Gerald J. Posakony</a></li> <li>2011 : <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew Viterbi</a></li> <li>2012 : <a href="/wiki/Leslie_E._Robertson" title="Leslie E. Robertson">Leslie E. Robertson</a></li> <li>2013 : <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Stephanopoulos" title="Gregory Stephanopoulos">Gregory Stephanopoulos</a></li> <li>2014 : <a href="/wiki/Julia_Weertman" title="Julia Weertman">Julia Weertman</a></li> <li>2015 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_D._Magnusson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon D. Magnusson (page does not exist)">Jon D. Magnusson</a></li> <li>2017 : <a href="/wiki/Frank_Kreith" title="Frank Kreith">Frank Kreith</a></li> <li>2018 : <a href="/wiki/Anne_S._Kiremidjian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne S. Kiremidjian">Anne S. Kiremidjian</a></li> <li>2019 : <i>No award</i></li> <li>2020 : <i>No award</i></li> <li>2021 : <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a></li> <li>2022 : <i>No award</i></li> <li>2023 : <a href="/wiki/Asad_M._Madni" title="Asad M. Madni">Asad M. Madni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates225" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Template:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Template talk:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">United States National Medal of Science</a> <a href="/wiki/Laureate" title="Laureate">laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Behavioral_and_social_science225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Behavioral and social science</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal Elgar Miller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Patrick Suppes</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_J._Gibson" title="Eleanor J. Gibson">Eleanor J. Gibson</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Merton" title="Robert K. Merton">Robert K. Merton</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard">Roger N. Shepard</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes" title="William Kaye Estes">William K. Estes</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Julius_Wilson" title="William Julius Wilson">William Julius Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/R._Duncan_Luce" title="R. Duncan Luce">R. Duncan Luce</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gordon_H._Bower" title="Gordon H. Bower">Gordon H. Bower</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner_(psychologist)" title="Michael Posner (psychologist)">Michael I. Posner</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Mishkin" title="Mortimer Mishkin">Mortimer Mishkin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Axelrod (political scientist)">Robert Axelrod</a></dd> <dt>2015</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huda_Akil" title="Huda Akil">Huda Akil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shelley_E._Taylor" title="Shelley E. Taylor">Shelley E. Taylor</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Larry_Bartels" title="Larry Bartels">Larry Bartels</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Biological_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Biological sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._B._van_Niel" title="C. B. van Niel">C. B. van Niel</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall W. Nirenberg</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis P. Rous</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George G. Simpson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Van_Slyke" title="Donald Van Slyke">Donald D. Van Slyke</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Knipling" title="Edward F. Knipling">Edward F. Knipling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Cumming_Rose" title="William Cumming Rose">William C. Rose</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Stewart_Cole" title="Kenneth Stewart Cole">Kenneth S. Cole</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry F. Harlow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heidelberger" title="Michael Heidelberger">Michael Heidelberger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturtevant" title="Alfred Sturtevant">Alfred H. Sturtevant</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horace_Barker" title="Horace Barker">Horace Barker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Brodie_(biochemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Brodie (biochemist)">Bernard B. Brodie</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev W. Bronk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Laurence_Lush" title="Jay Laurence Lush">Jay Lush</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Burrhus Frederic Skinner</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Huebner" title="Robert Huebner">Robert Huebner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sabin" title="Albert Sabin">Albert B. Sabin</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_I._Arnon" title="Daniel I. Arnon">Daniel I. Arnon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Sutherland_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Earl W. Sutherland Jr.">Earl W. Sutherland Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Britton Chance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Chargaff" title="Erwin Chargaff">Erwin Chargaff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_V._Neel" title="James V. Neel">James V. Neel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Augustine_Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="James Augustine Shannon">James Augustine Shannon</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hallowell_Davis" title="Hallowell Davis">Hallowell Davis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gyorgy" title="Paul Gyorgy">Paul Gyorgy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sterling_B._Hendricks" title="Sterling B. Hendricks">Sterling B. Hendricks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orville_Vogel" title="Orville Vogel">Orville Alvin Vogel</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keith_Roberts_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Keith Roberts Porter">Keith Roberts Porter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Racker" title="Efraim Racker">Efraim Racker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Burris" title="Robert H. Burris">Robert H. Burris</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_C._Crosby" title="Elizabeth C. Crosby">Elizabeth C. Crosby</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_Reece_Stadtman" title="Earl Reece Stadtman">Earl Reece Stadtman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Ledyard_Stebbins" title="G. Ledyard Stebbins">George Ledyard Stebbins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Alfred_Weiss" title="Paul Alfred Weiss">Paul Alfred Weiss</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1981</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Handler" title="Philip Handler">Philip Handler</a></dd> <dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Burton" title="Glenn W. Burton">Glenn W. Burton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Bachrach" title="Howard Bachrach">Howard L. Bachrach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wendell_L._Roelofs" title="Wendell L. Roelofs">Wendell L. Roelofs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berta_Scharrer" title="Berta Scharrer">Berta Scharrer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemist)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemist)">Stanley Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Henderson" title="Donald Henderson">Donald A. Henderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Mountcastle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Mountcastle">Vernon B. Mountcastle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joan_A._Steitz" title="Joan A. Steitz">Joan A. Steitz</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._DeBakey" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael E. DeBakey">Michael E. DeBakey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodor_O._Diener" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor O. Diener">Theodor O. Diener</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_Eagle" title="Harry Eagle">Harry Eagle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael S. Brown">Michael S. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice R. Hilleman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric R. Kandel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Esau" title="Katherine Esau">Katherine Esau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Hamburger" title="Viktor Hamburger">Viktor Hamburger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Leder" title="Philip Leder">Philip Leder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Sperry" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger W. Sperry">Roger W. Sperry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harland_G._Wood" title="Harland G. Wood">Harland G. Wood</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_W._Boyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert W. Boyer">Herbert W. Boyer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_E._Koshland_Jr." title="Daniel E. Koshland Jr.">Daniel E. Koshland Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_G._Nathan" title="David G. Nathan">David G. Nathan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Avery" title="Mary Ellen Avery">Mary Ellen Avery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="G. Evelyn Hutchinson">G. Evelyn Hutchinson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elvin_A._Kabat" title="Elvin A. Kabat">Elvin A. Kabat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kates" title="Robert Kates">Robert W. Kates</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marks_(scientist)" title="Paul Marks (scientist)">Paul A. Marks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Folke_K._Skoog" title="Folke K. Skoog">Folke K. Skoog</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Zamecnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Zamecnik">Paul C. Zamecnik</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Singer" title="Maxine Singer">Maxine Singer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salome_G._Waelsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Salome G. Waelsch">Salome G. Waelsch</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eisner" title="Thomas Eisner">Thomas Eisner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_F._Neufeld" title="Elizabeth F. Neufeld">Elizabeth F. Neufeld</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rich" title="Alexander Rich">Alexander Rich</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Weinberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Weinberg">Robert A. Weinberg</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ames" title="Bruce Ames">Bruce Ames</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Lynn Margulis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nancy_C._Andreasen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy C. Andreasen">Nancy C. Andreasen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francisco_J._Ayala" title="Francisco J. Ayala">Francisco J. Ayala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George F. Bass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mario_R._Capecchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario R. Capecchi">Mario R. Capecchi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ann_Graybiel" title="Ann Graybiel">Ann Graybiel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Gene E. Likens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_A._McKusick" title="Victor A. McKusick">Victor A. McKusick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Varmus">Harold Varmus</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_E._Darnell" title="James E. Darnell">James E. Darnell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_M._Witkin" title="Evelyn M. Witkin">Evelyn M. Witkin</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_H._Snyder" title="Solomon H. Snyder">Solomon H. Snyder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Yanofsky" title="Charles Yanofsky">Charles Yanofsky</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman E. Borlaug</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phillip_A._Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip A. Sharp">Phillip A. Sharp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas E. Starzl</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Torsten N. Wiesel</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita R. Colwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nina_Fedoroff" title="Nina Fedoroff">Nina Fedoroff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lubert_Stryer" title="Lubert Stryer">Lubert Stryer</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert J. Lefkowitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bert_W._O%27Malley" title="Bert W. O'Malley">Bert W. O'Malley</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis S. Collins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Fuchs" title="Elaine Fuchs">Elaine Fuchs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Craig_Venter" title="Craig Venter">J. Craig Venter</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Lindquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan L. Lindquist">Susan L. Lindquist</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_L._Brinster" title="Ralph L. Brinster">Ralph L. Brinster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Shapiro" title="Lucy Shapiro">Lucy Shapiro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Hood" title="Leroy Hood">Leroy Hood</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sallie_Chisholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallie Chisholm">Sallie Chisholm</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_Berenbaum" title="May Berenbaum">May Berenbaum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Alberts" title="Bruce Alberts">Bruce Alberts</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_K._Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakesh K. Jain">Rakesh K. Jain</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Falkow" title="Stanley Falkow">Stanley Falkow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simon_Levin" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Levin">Simon Levin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gebisa_Ejeta" title="Gebisa Ejeta">Gebisa Ejeta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eve_Marder" title="Eve Marder">Eve Marder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Petsko" title="Gregory Petsko">Gregory Petsko</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Weinbaum" title="Sheldon Weinbaum">Sheldon Weinbaum</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bassler" title="Bonnie Bassler">Bonnie Bassler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angela_Belcher" title="Angela Belcher">Angela Belcher</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helen_Blau" title="Helen Blau">Helen Blau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emery_N._Brown" title="Emery N. Brown">Emery N. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._David_Tilman" title="G. David Tilman">G. David Tilman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Woodruff" title="Teresa Woodruff">Teresa Woodruff</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Chemistry225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chemistry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/F._Albert_Cotton" title="F. Albert Cotton">F. Albert Cotton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_C._Pimentel" title="George C. Pimentel">George C. Pimentel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Zare" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard N. Zare">Richard N. Zare</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_B._Gray" title="Harry B. Gray">Harry B. Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Tseh_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Tseh Lee">Yuan Tseh Lee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_S._Marvel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl S. Marvel">Carl S. Marvel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Westheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank H. Westheimer">Frank H. Westheimer</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Summer_Johnson" title="William Summer Johnson">William S. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Stockmayer" title="Walter H. Stockmayer">Walter H. Stockmayer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Tishler" title="Max Tishler">Max Tishler</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_O._Baker" title="William O. Baker">William O. Baker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Konrad_E._Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad E. Bloch">Konrad E. Bloch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elias_J._Corey" class="mw-redirect" title="Elias J. Corey">Elias J. Corey</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barry_Bernstein" title="Richard Barry Bernstein">Richard B. Bernstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harden_M._McConnell" title="Harden M. McConnell">Harden M. McConnell</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elkan_Blout" title="Elkan Blout">Elkan Blout</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karl_August_Folkers" title="Karl August Folkers">Karl Folkers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_D._Roberts" title="John D. Roberts">John D. Roberts</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Breslow" title="Ronald Breslow">Ronald Breslow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ensign_Simmons_Jr." title="Howard Ensign Simmons Jr.">Howard E. Simmons Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hackerman" title="Norman Hackerman">Norman Hackerman</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_S._Hammond" title="George S. Hammond">George S. Hammond</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isabella_L._Karle" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella L. Karle">Isabella L. Karle</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davidson_(biologist)" title="Norman Davidson (biologist)">Norman Davidson</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Darleane_C._Hoffman" title="Darleane C. Hoffman">Darleane C. Hoffman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_S._Johnston" title="Harold S. Johnston">Harold S. Johnston</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_W._Cahn" title="John W. Cahn">John W. Cahn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stuart_A._Rice" title="Stuart A. Rice">Stuart A. Rice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(chemist)" title="John Ross (chemist)">John Ross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_D._Baldeschwieler" title="John D. Baldeschwieler">John D. Baldeschwieler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_F._Hirschmann" title="Ralph F. Hirschmann">Ralph F. Hirschmann</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernest_R._Davidson" title="Ernest R. Davidson">Ernest R. Davidson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_A._Somorjai" title="Gábor A. Somorjai">Gábor A. Somorjai</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_I._Brauman" class="mw-redirect" title="John I. Brauman">John I. Brauman</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Lippard" title="Stephen J. Lippard">Stephen J. Lippard</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tobin_J._Marks" title="Tobin J. Marks">Tobin J. Marks</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marvin_H._Caruthers" title="Marvin H. Caruthers">Marvin H. Caruthers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dervan" title="Peter Dervan">Peter B. Dervan</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Sayed" title="Mostafa El-Sayed">Mostafa A. El-Sayed</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Fowler" title="Joanna Fowler">Joanna Fowler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Benkovic" title="Stephen J. Benkovic">Stephen J. Benkovic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marye_Anne_Fox" title="Marye Anne Fox">Marye Anne Fox</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_K._Barton" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline K. Barton">Jacqueline K. Barton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Stang" title="Peter J. Stang">Peter J. Stang</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Bard" title="Allen J. Bard">Allen J. Bard</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/M._Frederick_Hawthorne" title="M. Frederick Hawthorne">M. Frederick Hawthorne</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judith_P._Klinman" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith P. Klinman">Judith P. Klinman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_L._Richmond" title="Geraldine L. Richmond">Geraldine L. Richmond</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/A._Paul_Alivisatos" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Paul Alivisatos">A. Paul Alivisatos</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lawrence_Edwards" title="Richard Lawrence Edwards">R. Lawrence Edwards</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1962</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Theodore von Kármán</a></dd> <dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_Pierce" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robinson Pierce">John Robinson Pierce</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Draper" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles S. Draper">Charles S. Draper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Ammann" title="Othmar Ammann">Othmar H. Ammann</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Dryden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh L. Dryden">Hugh L. Dryden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clarence_L._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence L. Johnson">Clarence L. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_K._Lewis" title="Warren K. Lewis">Warren K. Lewis</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Claude_E._Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude E. Shannon">Claude E. Shannon</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Land" title="Edwin H. Land">Edwin H. Land</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igor_I._Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor I. Sikorsky">Igor I. Sikorsky</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Presper_Eckert" title="J. Presper Eckert">J. Presper Eckert</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nathan_M._Newmark" title="Nathan M. Newmark">Nathan M. Newmark</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_St._Clair_Kilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack St. Clair Kilby">Jack St. Clair Kilby</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mueller" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Mueller">George E. Mueller</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Edgerton" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Edgerton">Harold E. Edgerton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Whitcomb" title="Richard T. Whitcomb">Richard T. Whitcomb</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kompfner" title="Rudolf Kompfner">Rudolf Kompfner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Brazelton_Peck" title="Ralph Brazelton Peck">Ralph Brazelton Peck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abel_Wolman" title="Abel Wolman">Abel Wolman</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manson_Benedict" title="Manson Benedict">Manson Benedict</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Hayward_Pickering" class="mw-redirect" title="William Hayward Pickering">William Hayward Pickering</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Terman" title="Frederick Terman">Frederick E. Terman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(scientist)" title="Morris Cohen (scientist)">Morris Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Goldmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Goldmark">Peter C. Goldmark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Erwin Wilhelm Müller">Erwin Wilhelm Müller</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emmett_N._Leith" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmett N. Leith">Emmett N. Leith</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymond_D._Mindlin" title="Raymond D. Mindlin">Raymond D. Mindlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Noyce" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert N. Noyce">Robert N. Noyce</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_R._Parker" title="Earl R. Parker">Earl R. Parker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Heinemann" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward H. Heinemann">Edward H. Heinemann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Katz" title="Donald L. Katz">Donald L. Katz</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">Bill Hewlett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Low" title="George Low">George Low</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_G._Trump" title="John G. Trump">John G. Trump</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wolfgang_Liepmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Wolfgang Liepmann">Hans Wolfgang Liepmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tung-Yen_Lin" title="Tung-Yen Lin">Tung-Yen Lin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_M._Oliver" title="Bernard M. Oliver">Bernard M. Oliver</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byron_Bird" title="Robert Byron Bird">Robert Byron Bird</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Bolton_Seed" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Bolton Seed">H. Bolton Seed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Weber_(engineer)" title="Ernst Weber (engineer)">Ernst Weber</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willis_M._Hawkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis M. Hawkins">Willis M. Hawkins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_W._Housner" title="George W. Housner">George W. Housner</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_George_Drickamer" title="Harry George Drickamer">Harry George Drickamer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Grier" title="Herbert E. Grier">Herbert E. Grier</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Holonyak Jr.">Nick Holonyak Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">George H. Heilmeier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luna_B._Leopold" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna B. Leopold">Luna B. Leopold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Guyford_Stever" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Guyford Stever">H. Guyford Stever</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calvin_F._Quate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvin F. Quate">Calvin F. Quate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Roy_Whinnery" title="John Roy Whinnery">John Roy Whinnery</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Y._Cho" title="Alfred Y. Cho">Alfred Y. Cho</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ray_W._Clough" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray W. Clough">Ray W. Clough</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hermann_A._Haus" title="Hermann A. Haus">Hermann A. Haus</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_L._Flanagan" title="James L. Flanagan">James L. Flanagan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._Kumar_N._Patel" title="C. Kumar N. Patel">C. Kumar N. Patel</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eli_Ruckenstein" title="Eli Ruckenstein">Eli Ruckenstein</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_N._Stevens" title="Kenneth N. Stevens">Kenneth N. Stevens</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan-Cheng_Fung" title="Yuan-Cheng Fung">Yuan-Cheng B. Fung</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Acrivos" title="Andreas Acrivos">Andreas Acrivos</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Beranek" title="Leo Beranek">Leo Beranek</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Prausnitz" title="John Prausnitz">John M. Prausnitz</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_N._Lightfoot" title="Edwin N. Lightfoot">Edwin N. Lightfoot</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jan_D._Achenbach" title="Jan D. Achenbach">Jan D. Achenbach</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_E._K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n" title="Rudolf E. Kálmán">Rudolf E. Kálmán</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Yariv" title="Amnon Yariv">Amnon Yariv</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Dabiri" title="John Dabiri">John Dabiri</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mathematical,_statistical,_and_computer_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marston_Morse" title="Marston Morse">H. Marston Morse</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen" title="Paul Cohen">Paul Cohen</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Neyman" title="Jerzy Neyman">Jerzy Neyman</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Feller" title="William Feller">William Feller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brauer" title="Richard Brauer">Richard Brauer</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_W._Backus" class="mw-redirect" title="John W. Backus">John W. Backus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurt_O._Friedrichs" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt O. Friedrichs">Kurt Otto Friedrichs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hassler_Whitney" title="Hassler Whitney">Hassler Whitney</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Doob" title="Joseph L. Doob">Joseph L. Doob</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald E. Knuth</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_H._Stone" title="Marshall H. Stone">Marshall H. Stone</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Goldstine" title="Herman Goldstine">Herman Goldstine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isadore_Singer" title="Isadore Singer">Isadore Singer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Gomory" title="Ralph E. Gomory">Ralph E. Gomory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Keller" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph B. Keller">Joseph B. Keller</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Karlin" title="Samuel Karlin">Samuel Karlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Spencer" title="Donald C. Spencer">Donald C. Spencer</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_F._Carrier" title="George F. Carrier">George F. Carrier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cole_Kleene" title="Stephen Cole Kleene">Stephen Cole Kleene</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Calderón">Alberto Calderón</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_David_Kruskal" title="Martin David Kruskal">Martin David Kruskal</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Nirenberg" title="Louis Nirenberg">Louis Nirenberg</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Karp" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Karp">Richard Karp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz" title="Cathleen Synge Morawetz">Cathleen Synge Morawetz</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Felix_Browder" title="Felix Browder">Felix Browder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coifman" title="Ronald Coifman">Ronald R. Coifman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Griggs_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Griggs Thompson">John Griggs Thompson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao">Calyampudi R. Rao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elias_M._Stein" title="Elias M. Stein">Elias M. Stein</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Glimm" title="James Glimm">James G. Glimm</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_R._de_Boor" title="Carl R. de Boor">Carl R. de Boor</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Sullivan" title="Dennis Sullivan">Dennis P. Sullivan</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Efron" title="Bradley Efron">Bradley Efron</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hyman_Bass" title="Hyman Bass">Hyman Bass</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew J. Viterbi</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_B._Mumford" class="mw-redirect" title="David B. Mumford">David B. Mumford</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Tapia" title="Richard A. Tapia">Richard A. Tapia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_W._Golomb" title="Solomon W. Golomb">Solomon W. Golomb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barry_Mazur" title="Barry Mazur">Barry Mazur</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Chorin" title="Alexandre Chorin">Alexandre Chorin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Blackwell" title="David Blackwell">David Blackwell</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Artin" title="Michael Artin">Michael Artin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Daubechies" title="Ingrid Daubechies">Ingrid Daubechies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Dwork" title="Cynthia Dwork">Cynthia Dwork</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Physical_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Physical sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis W. Alvarez</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon M. Lederman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Rubey" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rubey">William Rubey</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bjerknes" title="Jacob Bjerknes">Jacob Bjerknes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring_(chemist)" title="Henry Eyring (chemist)">Henry Eyring</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_H._Van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Van Vleck">John H. Van Vleck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Birch_(geophysicist)" title="Francis Birch (geophysicist)">Francis Birch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hammett" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Hammett">Louis Hammett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doughty_Bartlett" title="Paul Doughty Bartlett">Paul Bartlett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Dicke" title="Robert H. Dicke">Robert H. Dicke</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_R._Sandage" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan R. Sandage">Allan R. Sandage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_C._Slater" title="John C. Slater">John C. Slater</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wheeler" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Wheeler">John A. Wheeler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saul_Winstein" title="Saul Winstein">Saul Winstein</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ewing" title="Maurice Ewing">Maurice Ewing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arie_Jan_Haagen-Smit" title="Arie Jan Haagen-Smit">Arie Jan Haagen-Smit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Haensel" title="Vladimir Haensel">Vladimir Haensel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rathbun_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Rathbun Wilson">Robert Rathbun Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linus_Carl_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Carl Pauling">Linus Carl Pauling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Sanborn_Pitzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer">Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_A._Bethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans A. Bethe">Hans A. Bethe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_O._Hirschfelder" title="Joseph O. Hirschfelder">Joseph O. Hirschfelder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Sarett" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Sarett">Lewis Sarett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bright_Wilson" title="Edgar Bright Wilson">Edgar Bright Wilson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Samuel Goudsmit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gutowsky" title="Herbert S. Gutowsky">Herbert S. Gutowsky</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rossini" title="Frederick Rossini">Frederick Rossini</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Verner_Suomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verner Suomi">Verner Suomi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Feynman" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard P. Feynman">Richard P. Feynman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Mark">Herman Mark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Purcell" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward M. Purcell">Edward M. Purcell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Sinfelt" class="mw-redirect" title="John Sinfelt">John Sinfelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_F._Weisskopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor F. Weisskopf">Victor F. Weisskopf</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip W. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._Margaret_Burbidge" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Margaret Burbidge">E. Margaret Burbidge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Landsberg" title="Helmut Landsberg">Helmut Landsberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Munk" title="Walter Munk">Walter Munk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruno_B._Rossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno B. Rossi">Bruno B. Rossi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Schrieffer" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Robert Schrieffer">J. Robert Schrieffer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_J._Buchsbaum" title="Solomon J. Buchsbaum">Solomon J. Buchsbaum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Richard_Crane" title="H. Richard Crane">H. Richard Crane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">Chen-Ning Yang</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Elsasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Elsasser">Walter Elsasser</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Lauterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Lauterbur">Paul C. Lauterbur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_A._Van_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Van Allen">James A. Van Allen</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D._Allan_Bromley" title="D. Allan Bromley">D. Allan Bromley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chu_Ching-wu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu Ching-wu">Paul Ching-Wu Chu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arnold_O._Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold O. Beckman">Arnold O. Beckman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Sharp" title="Robert P. Sharp">Robert Sharp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Henry Stommel</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan M. Cormack</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._McMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. McMillan">Edwin M. McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pound" title="Robert Pound">Robert Pound</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle" title="Roger Revelle">Roger Revelle</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Schawlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur L. Schawlow">Arthur L. Schawlow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Stone" title="Edward C. Stone">Ed Stone</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_M._Shoemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene M. Shoemaker">Eugene M. Shoemaker</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Fitch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Vera Rubin</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Overhauser" title="Albert Overhauser">Albert Overhauser</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dehmelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Dehmelt">Hans Dehmelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wallace_S._Broecker" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace S. Broecker">Wallace S. Broecker</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth">Marshall Rosenbluth</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Wetherill" title="George Wetherill">George Wetherill</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Don_L._Anderson" title="Don L. Anderson">Don L. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_N._Bahcall" title="John N. Bahcall">John N. Bahcall</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willis_E._Lamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis E. Lamb">Willis E. Lamb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_P._Ostriker" title="Jeremiah P. Ostriker">Jeremiah P. Ostriker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_F._White" title="Gilbert F. White">Gilbert F. White</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Cohen" title="Marvin L. Cohen">Marvin L. Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Keeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Keeling">Charles Keeling</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Garwin" title="Richard Garwin">Richard Garwin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/W._Jason_Morgan" title="W. Jason Morgan">W. Jason Morgan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Brent_Dalrymple" class="mw-redirect" title="G. Brent Dalrymple">G. Brent Dalrymple</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Clayton" title="Robert N. Clayton">Robert N. Clayton</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_A._Alpher" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph A. Alpher">Ralph A. Alpher</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Lonnie Thompson</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fay_Ajzenberg-Selove" title="Fay Ajzenberg-Selove">Fay Ajzenberg-Selove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pence_Slichter" title="Charles Pence Slichter">Charles P. Slichter</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berni_Alder" title="Berni Alder">Berni Alder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_E._Gunn_(astronomer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Gunn (astronomer)">James E. Gunn</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esther_M._Conwell" title="Esther M. Conwell">Esther M. Conwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_M._Washington" title="Warren M. Washington">Warren M. Washington</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Faber" title="Sandra Faber">Sandra Faber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sean_Solomon" title="Sean Solomon">Sean C. Solomon</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Sarachik" title="Myriam Sarachik">Myriam Sarachik</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Alley" title="Richard Alley">Richard Alley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Freedman" title="Wendy Freedman">Wendy Freedman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keivan_Stassun" title="Keivan Stassun">Keivan Stassun</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118560255">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50016609">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123914919">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123914919">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00516783">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Von Kármán, Theodore <1881-1963>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RMSV015247">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35584334">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Von Kármán, Theodore"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ntk20191030644&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p097081728">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90192324">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000214752&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000678740&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018N6609">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810700915205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/228659">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007312090405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514952406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14155133">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02472725?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=13700">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:von-karman.theodore">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/98535">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td 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