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id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statehood_and_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statehood_and_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Statehood and Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statehood_and_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regional organizations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regional_organizations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regional organizations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regional_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern_Virginia_Regional_Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Virginia_Regional_Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Northern Virginia Regional Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Virginia_Regional_Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_Washington_Council_of_Governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_Washington_Council_of_Governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_Washington_Council_of_Governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Racial_and_ethnic_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_and_ethnic_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Racial and ethnic composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racial_and_ethnic_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_attainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_attainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Educational attainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_attainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affluence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affluence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Affluence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affluence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Federal government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Notable companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st-century_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st-century_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>21st-century politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st-century_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Secession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subway_and_passenger_trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subway_and_passenger_trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Subway and passenger trains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subway_and_passenger_trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Primary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Virginia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فرجينيا الشمالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرجينيا الشمالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نورترن ویرجینیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نورترن ویرجینیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virg%C3%ADnia_del_Nord" title="Virgínia del Nord – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Virgínia del Nord" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Βόρεια Βιρτζίνια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόρεια Βιρτζίνια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ویرجینیای شمالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویرجینیای شمالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginie_septentrionale" title="Virginie septentrionale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Virginie septentrionale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noardlik_Firginia" title="Noardlik Firginia – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noardlik Firginia" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="شمال ڤيرچينيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شمال ڤيرچينيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%A1_Virg%C3%ADnia" title="Severná Virgínia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Severná Virgínia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="شمالی ورجینیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شمالی ورجینیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="北弗吉尼亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="北弗吉尼亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q596021#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northern_Virginia&params=38_51_45_N_77_20_42_W_region:US-VA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°51′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°20′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.86250°N 77.34500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.86250; -77.34500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"NoVA" redirects here. For other uses of "Nova", see <a href="/wiki/Nova_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nova (disambiguation)">Nova (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in Virginia, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Northern Virginia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Region</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tysons_Corner_Sunset_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tysons in Fairfax County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tysons_Corner_Sunset_.jpg/128px-Tysons_Corner_Sunset_.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tysons_Corner_Sunset_.jpg/192px-Tysons_Corner_Sunset_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tysons_Corner_Sunset_.jpg/256px-Tysons_Corner_Sunset_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Pentagon_US_Department_of_Defense_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Pentagon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Pentagon_US_Department_of_Defense_building.jpg/136px-The_Pentagon_US_Department_of_Defense_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Pentagon_US_Department_of_Defense_building.jpg/204px-The_Pentagon_US_Department_of_Defense_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Pentagon_US_Department_of_Defense_building.jpg/272px-The_Pentagon_US_Department_of_Defense_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2734" data-file-height="1726" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div style="height:80px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WestFrontMansionMountVernon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="West Front of George Washington's Mount Vernon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/WestFrontMansionMountVernon.jpg/121px-WestFrontMansionMountVernon.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/WestFrontMansionMountVernon.jpg/182px-WestFrontMansionMountVernon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/WestFrontMansionMountVernon.jpg/242px-WestFrontMansionMountVernon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div style="height:80px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reston_Station_West_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Reston, Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Reston_Station_West_View.jpg/143px-Reston_Station_West_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Reston_Station_West_View.jpg/215px-Reston_Station_West_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Reston_Station_West_View.jpg/286px-Reston_Station_West_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3070" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Town_Alexandria_from_George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Old Town Alexandria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Old_Town_Alexandria_from_George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial.jpg/268px-Old_Town_Alexandria_from_George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Old_Town_Alexandria_from_George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial.jpg/402px-Old_Town_Alexandria_from_George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Old_Town_Alexandria_from_George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial.jpg/536px-Old_Town_Alexandria_from_George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from the top left: <a href="/wiki/Tysons_station" title="Tysons station">Tysons station</a> entrance on the Metro <a href="/wiki/Silver_Line_(Washington_Metro)" title="Silver Line (Washington Metro)">Silver Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dulles_Toll_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulles Toll Road">Dulles Toll Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Alexandria" title="Old Town Alexandria">Old Town Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">NOVA, NoVA, Nova</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Nova_2023_Boundaries.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The counties of Virginia that form part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area"><img alt="The counties of Virginia that form part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/New_Nova_2023_Boundaries.png/275px-New_Nova_2023_Boundaries.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/New_Nova_2023_Boundaries.png/413px-New_Nova_2023_Boundaries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/New_Nova_2023_Boundaries.png/550px-New_Nova_2023_Boundaries.png 2x" data-file-width="6900" data-file-height="3528" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The counties of Virginia that form part of the <a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Baltimore_combined_statistical_area" title="Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area">Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_counties_in_Virginia" title="List of cities and counties in Virginia">Counties and independent cities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Virginia" title="Clarke County, Virginia">Clarke County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culpeper_County,_Virginia" title="Culpeper County, Virginia">Culpeper County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia" title="Fauquier County, Virginia">Fauquier County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Frederick County, Virginia">Frederick County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Virginia" title="Orange County, Virginia">Orange County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rappahannock_County,_Virginia" title="Rappahannock County, Virginia">Rappahannock County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania County, Virginia">Spotsylvania County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Virginia" title="Warren County, Virginia">Warren County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">11,425.6 km<sup>2</sup> (4,411.45 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> </th><td class="infobox-data">13 counties and 7 independent cities in Virginia within the Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area or Washington-Baltimore Combined Statistical Area</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,257,133</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">285.07/km<sup>2</sup> (738.34/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Northern Virginian</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Northern Virginia</b>, locally referred to as <b>NOVA</b> or <b>NoVA</b>, comprises several <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent cities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> in the United States. The region radiates westward and southward from <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, the nation's capital, and has a population of 3,257,133 people as of 2023 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> estimates, representing over a third of the state's total population. It is the most populous region in both Virginia and the regional <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Communities in the region form the Virginia portion of the Washington metropolitan area and the larger <a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Baltimore_combined_statistical_area" title="Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area">Washington–Baltimore metropolitan area</a>. Northern Virginia has a significantly larger job base than either Washington, D.C. or the <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> portion of its suburbs,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the highest-income region of Virginia, with several of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-income_counties_in_the_United_States" title="List of highest-income counties in the United States">highest-income counties</a> in the nation, including three of the ten highest counties for median household income, according to the 2019 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Northern Virginia's transportation infrastructure includes two major airports, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport">Ronald Reagan Washington National</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dulles_International_Airport" title="Dulles International Airport">Dulles International Airport</a>, several lines of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a> subway system, the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Railway_Express" title="Virginia Railway Express">Virginia Railway Express</a> suburban commuter rail system, <a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">transit bus</a> services, bicycle sharing and bicycle lanes and trails, and an extensive network of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate highway">Interstate highways</a> and expressways. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> and the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_office_buildings" title="List of largest office buildings">second-largest office</a>, is located in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County</a> in Northern Virginia. Northern Virginia also houses the <a href="/wiki/George_Bush_Center_for_Intelligence" title="George Bush Center for Intelligence">George Bush Center for Intelligence</a>, the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> in <a href="/wiki/Langley,_Virginia" title="Langley, Virginia">Langley</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, and several large companies, including several major <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">aerospace manufacturing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consulting_firm" title="Consulting firm">consulting firms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">defense industry</a>, which serve it and other components of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a>. </p><p>Tourist attractions in Northern Virginia include various memorials, museums, and <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Colonial</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>–era sites, including <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg_and_Spotsylvania_National_Military_Park" title="Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park">Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manassas_National_Battlefield_Park" title="Manassas National Battlefield Park">Manassas National Battlefield Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="National Museum of the Marine Corps">National Museum of the Marine Corps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Army" title="National Museum of the United States Army">National Museum of the United States Army</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_War_Memorial" title="Marine Corps War Memorial">United States Marine Corps War Memorial</a>. Other attractions include portions of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Falls_Park" title="Great Falls Park">Great Falls Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Alexandria" title="Old Town Alexandria">Old Town Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_Forest_Park" title="Prince William Forest Park">Prince William Forest Park</a>, and portions of <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_National_Park" title="Shenandoah National Park">Shenandoah National Park</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Virginia_Region.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Northern_Virginia_Region.png/220px-Northern_Virginia_Region.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Northern_Virginia_Region.png/330px-Northern_Virginia_Region.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Northern_Virginia_Region.png/440px-Northern_Virginia_Region.png 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1733" /></a><figcaption>Northern Virginia Region</figcaption></figure> <p>The region is sometimes spelled "northern Virginia", but the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">U.S. Geological Survey</a>'s <i>Correspondence Handbook</i> states that the 'n' in Northern Virginia should be capitalized since it is a place name rather than a direction or general area.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The name "Northern Virginia" does not seem to have been used in the early history of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Johnston, some early documents and land grants refer to the "Northern Neck of Virginia", a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Neck" title="Northern Neck">Northern Neck</a> and describing an area that began at the western shore of the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a> and includes a territory that extended west, including all the land between the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rappahannock_River" title="Rappahannock River">Rappahannock</a> rivers, with a western boundary called the Fairfax line.<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fairfax line, surveyed in 1746, ran from the first spring of the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>, which remains marked today by the <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairfax Stone">Fairfax Stone</a>, to the first spring of the <a href="/wiki/Rappahannock_River" title="Rappahannock River">Rappahannock River</a>, at the head of the <a href="/wiki/Conway_River_(Virginia)" title="Conway River (Virginia)">Conway River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Northern Neck was composed of 5,282,000 acres (21,380 km<sup>2</sup>), and was larger in area than five of the modern U.S. states:<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>This monument, at the headspring of the Potomac River, marks one of the historic spots of America. Its name is derived from Thomas Lord Fairfax who owned all the land lying between the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers. The first Fairfax Stone, marked "FX", was set in 1746 by Thomas Lewis, a surveyor employed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax,_6th_Lord_Fairfax_of_Cameron" title="Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron">Lord Fairfax</a>. This is the base point for the western dividing line between <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Fairfax Stone inscription<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Early development of the northern portion of Virginia was in the easternmost area of that early land grant, which encompasses the modern counties of <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Virginia" title="Lancaster County, Virginia">Lancaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Northumberland County, Virginia">Northumberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_Virginia" title="Richmond County, Virginia">Richmond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Virginia" title="Westmoreland County, Virginia">Westmoreland</a>. At some point, these eastern counties came to be called separately simply "the Northern Neck", and, for the remaining area west of them, the term was no longer used. By some definitions, <a href="/wiki/King_George_County,_Virginia" title="King George County, Virginia">King George County</a> is also included in the Northern Neck, which is now considered a separate region from Northern Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most prominent early mentions of "Northern Virginia" as a title was the naming of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a> during the American Civil War (1861–1865). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition">Definition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington-Baltimore-Northern_Virginia_CSA,_2005.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Washington-Baltimore-Northern_Virginia_CSA%2C_2005.png/220px-Washington-Baltimore-Northern_Virginia_CSA%2C_2005.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Washington-Baltimore-Northern_Virginia_CSA%2C_2005.png/330px-Washington-Baltimore-Northern_Virginia_CSA%2C_2005.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Washington-Baltimore-Northern_Virginia_CSA%2C_2005.png/440px-Washington-Baltimore-Northern_Virginia_CSA%2C_2005.png 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="713" /></a><figcaption>A map of the former <a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Baltimore_combined_statistical_area" title="Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area">DC-MD-VA-WV</a> <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">combined statistical area</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The most common definition of Northern Virginia includes the independent cities and counties on the Virginia side of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area">Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">U.S. Office of Management and Budget</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President of the United States</a>. </p><p>Northern Virginia includes six counties, <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania County, Virginia">Spotsylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford</a> counties, and six independent cities, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Neck_Proprietary_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Northern_Neck_Proprietary_map.jpg/220px-Northern_Neck_Proprietary_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Northern_Neck_Proprietary_map.jpg/330px-Northern_Neck_Proprietary_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Northern_Neck_Proprietary_map.jpg/440px-Northern_Neck_Proprietary_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="3704" /></a><figcaption>A map of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Neck_Proprietary" title="Northern Neck Proprietary">Northern Neck Proprietary</a> land grant, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1737</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Lord_Fairfax_2019a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Tomb_of_Lord_Fairfax_2019a.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_Lord_Fairfax_2019a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Tomb_of_Lord_Fairfax_2019a.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_Lord_Fairfax_2019a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Tomb_of_Lord_Fairfax_2019a.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_Lord_Fairfax_2019a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The gravesite of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax,_6th_Lord_Fairfax_of_Cameron" title="Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron">Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron</a> in <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a> was settled at <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> in 1607. The area now generally regarded as "Northern Virginia" was within a larger area defined by a land grant from King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a> on September 18, 1649, while the monarch was in exile in France during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. Eight of his loyal supporters were named, among them Thomas Culpeper.<sup id="cite_ref-fortedwards.org_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortedwards.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 25, 1673, a new charter was given to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Colepeper,_2nd_Baron_Colepeper" title="Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper">Thomas Lord Culpeper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bennet,_1st_Earl_of_Arlington" title="Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington">Henry Earl of Arlington</a>. Lord Culpeper was named the Royal Governor of Virginia from 1677 to 1683. <a href="/wiki/Culpeper_County,_Virginia" title="Culpeper County, Virginia">Culpeper County</a> was later named for him when it was formed in 1749; however, history does not seem to record him as one of the better of Virginia's colonial governors. Although he became <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">governor of Virginia</a> in July 1677,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he did not come to Virginia until 1679, and even then seemed more interested in maintaining his land in the "Northern Neck of Virginia" than governing. He soon returned to England.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1682, rioting in the colony forced Culpeper to return. By the time he arrived, however, the riots were already quelled. After apparently misappropriating £9,500 from the treasury of the colony, he returned to England and the King was forced to dismiss him. During this tumultuous time, Culpeper's erratic behavior meant that he had to rely increasingly on his cousin and Virginia agent, Col. <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Spencer" title="Nicholas Spencer">Nicholas Spencer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spencer succeeded Culpeper as acting Governor following Culpeper's departure. Culpeper's descendants allowed <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carter_I" title="Robert Carter I">Robert "King" Carter</a> and other Virginians to manage the properties.<sup id="cite_ref-virginiaplaces.org_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virginiaplaces.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1736, legal claim to the land was finally established by Culpeper's grandson, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax,_6th_Lord_Fairfax_of_Cameron" title="Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron">Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron</a>, who became known in the colony as "Lord Fairfax", following a survey authorized by Governor <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Gooch,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet">William Gooch</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The lands of Lord Fairfax and Northern Virginia were geographically defined as the land between the <a href="/wiki/Rappahannock_River" title="Rappahannock River">Rappahannock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac</a> rivers, and were officially called the "Northern Neck".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1746, a back line was surveyed and established between the headwaters of the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, defining the west end of the grants. According to documents held by the Handley Regional Library of the Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society, the grant of 5,282,000 acres (21,380 km<sup>2</sup>) included 22 modern counties, including Northumberland, Lancaster, Westmoreland, Stafford, King George, Prince William, Fairfax, Loudoun, Fauquier, Rappahannock, Culpeper, Madison, Clarke, Warren, Page, Shenandoah, and Frederick counties in Virginia, and Hardy, Hampshire, Morgan, Berkeley, and Jefferson counties in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-records_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-records-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lord Fairfax was a lifelong bachelor, and became one of the more well-known persons of the late colonial era. In 1742, the new county formed from <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William County</a> was named <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County</a> in his honor, one of several locations in Northern Virginia and West Virginia's <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Panhandle_of_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia">Eastern Panhandle</a> named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-jdr_library_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdr_library-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lord Fairfax established his residence at his brother's home at "Belvoir" on the grounds of present-day <a href="/wiki/Fort_Belvoir" title="Fort Belvoir">Fort Belvoir</a> in Fairfax County.<sup id="cite_ref-virginiaplaces.org_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virginiaplaces.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later built a hunting lodge named "Greenway Court",<sup id="cite_ref-fortedwards.org_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortedwards.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was located near <a href="/wiki/White_Post,_Virginia" title="White Post, Virginia">White Post</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Virginia" title="Clarke County, Virginia">Clarke County</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge Mountains</a>, and moved there. Around 1748, he <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, who was then 16-years-old. Impressed with Washington's energy and talents, he employed him to survey his lands west of the Blue Ridge Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-fortedwards.org_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortedwards.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lord Fairfax maintained neutrality as the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> began in 1775. Just a few weeks after the surrender of <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British Army</a> troops under <a href="/wiki/General_Cornwallis" class="mw-redirect" title="General Cornwallis">General Cornwallis</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yorktown,_Virginia" title="Yorktown, Virginia">Yorktown</a>, Fairfax died at his home at Greenway Court on December 9, 1781, at the age of 90. He was entombed on the east side of Christ Church in <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-virginiaplaces.org_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virginiaplaces.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While his plans for a large house at Greenway Court never materialized, and his stone lodge is now gone, a small limestone structure he built remains on the site in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-fortedwards.org_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortedwards.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statehood_and_Civil_War">Statehood and Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Statehood and Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MountVernonOctober2006.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/MountVernonOctober2006.JPG/220px-MountVernonOctober2006.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/MountVernonOctober2006.JPG/330px-MountVernonOctober2006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/MountVernonOctober2006.JPG/440px-MountVernonOctober2006.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a>, the plantation home of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arlington_House_front_view.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Arlington_House_front_view.JPG/220px-Arlington_House_front_view.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Arlington_House_front_view.JPG/330px-Arlington_House_front_view.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Arlington_House_front_view.JPG/440px-Arlington_House_front_view.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arlington_House,_The_Robert_E._Lee_Memorial" title="Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial">Arlington House</a>, a mansion commissioned by a step-grandson of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and last used as a residence by <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> is now part of the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the American Revolutionary War, the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> formed the United States of America, and <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> commander and Virginian <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> became the new nation's first president. Prior to the Revolutionary War, Washington was a surveyor and developer of <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a> that were used for transportation. He was also a proponent of the bustling port city of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, located on the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> below the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Seaboard_fall_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Seaboard fall line">fall line</a>, not far from his plantation at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County</a>. </p><p>During much of the colonial era and from 1790 to 1800, the nation's capital was in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. In 1800, however, with Washington's guidance and support, the new federal city of present-day <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> was laid out and established for the purpose of serving as the national capital. The region straddled the Potomac River and was located on a square of territory ceded to the federal government by Maryland and Virginia. Alexandria, a port city at the time, was on the eastern edge south of the river. On the outskirts on the northern side of the river, was <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a>, another port city. </p><p>As the federal city grew, land in the portion contributed by Maryland proved best suited and adequate for early development. Not really part of the functioning federal city, citizens in Alexandria, who lacked voting input, were frustrated by the laws of the District's government. <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> also arose as a contentious issue. In 1846, to mitigate these issues and as part of abolishing slave trading in the District, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> passed a bill <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_retrocession" title="District of Columbia retrocession">retroceding to Virginia</a> the area south of the Potomac River, which was then <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_County,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandria County, D.C.">Alexandria County</a>. That area now forms all of present-day <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County</a>, which was renamed from Alexandria County in 1922, and a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>. </p><p>Slavery, <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a>, and economic issues increasingly divided the northern and southern states during the first half of the 19th century, eventually leading to the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, which lasted from 1861 to 1865. Although Maryland was a <a href="/wiki/Slave_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave state">slave state</a>, it remained with the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>, while Virginia seceded and joined the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>, whose capital was established at <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> has never issued a firm opinion on whether the retrocession of the Virginia portion of the District of Columbia was constitutional. In the 1875 case of <i><a href="/wiki/Phillips_v._Payne" title="Phillips v. Payne">Phillips v. Payne</a></i>, the Supreme Court held that Virginia had <i>de facto</i> jurisdiction over the area returned by Congress in 1847, and dismissed the tax case brought by the plaintiff. The court, however, did not rule on the core constitutional matter of the retrocession. Writing the majority opinion, <a href="/wiki/Noah_Haynes_Swayne" title="Noah Haynes Swayne">Justice Noah Swayne</a> stated only that: </p> <blockquote><p>The plaintiff in error is estopped from raising the point which he seeks to have decided. He cannot, under the circumstances, vicariously raise a question, nor force upon the parties to the compact an issue which neither of them desires to make.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>With barely 100 mi (160 km) separating the two capital cities, Northern Virginia found itself in the center of much of the conflict, which inflicted destruction and bloodshed. The <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a> was the primary army for the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> in the east. Owing to the region's proximity to Washington, D.C., and the Potomac River, the armies of both sides frequently occupied and traversed Northern Virginia. As a result, <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_battles_in_Northern_Virginia" title="List of American Civil War battles in Northern Virginia">several battles were fought in the area</a>. </p><p>Northern Virginia was the operating area of <a href="/wiki/John_S._Mosby" title="John S. Mosby">John Singleton Mosby</a>, a Confederate partisan, and several small skirmishes were fought throughout the region between his Rangers and Federal forces occupying Northern Virginia. </p><p>Following the end of the Civil War, the conflict remained popular among the region's residents, and many area schools, roads, and parks were named for Confederate generals and statesmen, including <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis_Highway" title="Jefferson Davis Highway">Jefferson Davis Highway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington-Lee_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington-Lee High School">Washington-Lee High School</a>, and others. </p><p>Virginia split during the American Civil War, as was foreshadowed by the April 17, 1861, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Secession_Convention_of_1861" title="Virginia Secession Convention of 1861">Virginia Secession Convention</a>. Fifty counties in the western, mountainous portion of the state were largely opposed to secession in 1861. This region broke away from the Confederacy in 1863 and entered the Union as a new state, <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>. Unlike the eastern part of the state, West Virginia did not have fertile lands tilled by slaves and was geographically separated from the state government in Richmond by the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>. During this process, a provisional government of Virginia was headquartered in Alexandria, which was under <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> control during the war.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Arlington, Clarke, Fairfax, Frederick, Loudoun, Shenandoah, and Warren Counties voted in favor of Virginia remaining in the Union in 1861, but eventually broke away from the state.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of West Virginia's formation, part of Lord Fairfax's colonial land grant, which defined Northern Virginia, was ceded in the establishment of that state in 1863. Now known as the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Panhandle_of_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia">Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia</a>, the area includes <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_County,_West_Virginia" title="Berkeley County, West Virginia">Berkeley County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_West_Virginia" title="Jefferson County, West Virginia">Jefferson County</a> in West Virginia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Pentagon_January_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Pentagon_January_2008.jpg/220px-The_Pentagon_January_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Pentagon_January_2008.jpg/330px-The_Pentagon_January_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Pentagon_January_2008.jpg/440px-The_Pentagon_January_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1482" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>, headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>'s increasing reliance on information technology companies during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> was influential in launching the modern Northern Virginia economy and spurred urban development throughout the region.<sup id="cite_ref-boon_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After end of the Cold War in 1991, prosperity continued in the region as it positioned itself as the "<a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>" of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">Eastern United States</a>. The Internet was first commercialized in Northern Virginia, which served as the headquarters of many of the first <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service providers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first major interconnection point of the Internet, <a href="/wiki/MAE-East" title="MAE-East">MAE-East</a>, was established in the 1990s in <a href="/wiki/Ashburn,_Virginia" title="Ashburn, Virginia">Ashburn</a> after Virginia-area network provider operators decided to connect their networks.<sup id="cite_ref-bamford_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bamford-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This infrastructure legacy is ongoing, as data center operators continue to expand near these facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-louddata1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-louddata1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 2001, local Internet company <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a> bought <a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a>, the world's largest traditional media company, near the end of the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a> era. After the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_bubble_burst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet bubble burst (page does not exist)">Internet bubble burst</a>, however, Northern Virginia office vacancy rates increased from two percent in 2000 to 20 percent in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-boon_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 2002, vacancy rates improved, falling below 10 percent as defense spending increased following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>. The subsequent <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a> wars also contributed to the region's growth, as the federal government increased its contracting with private defense firms.<sup id="cite_ref-boon_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_organizations">Regional organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Regional organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Virginia_Regional_Commission">Northern Virginia Regional Commission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Northern Virginia Regional Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Northern Virginia Regional Commission (NVRC)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a regional government that represents a regional council of thirteen member Northern Virginia local governments.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These local governments include the counties of <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William</a>. The local governments include the incorporated cities of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a>. The local governments also include the incorporated towns of <a href="/wiki/Dumfries,_Virginia" title="Dumfries, Virginia">Dumfries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herndon,_Virginia" title="Herndon, Virginia">Herndon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Virginia" title="Leesburg, Virginia">Leesburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vienna,_Virginia" title="Vienna, Virginia">Vienna</a>. NVRC's chief roles and functions are providing information, performing professional and technical services for its members, and serving as a mechanism for regional coordination regarding the environment, transportation, affordable housing, community planning, military, and human services. Programs and projects address a wide array of local government interests. </p><p>According to Virginia's Regional Cooperation Act, NVRC is a political subdivision. The region is technically referred to as Virginia's planning district #8.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commission was established pursuant to Articles 1 and 2, Chapter 34, of the Acts of the Virginia General Assembly of 1968, subsequently revised and reenacted as the Regional Cooperation Act. Any incorporated county, city, or town in Northern Virginia with a population exceeding 3,500 that adopts NVRC's charter agreement is eligible to become a member of the commission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_Washington_Council_of_Governments">Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Washington_Council_of_Governments" title="Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments">Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments</a></div> <p>Northern Virginia constitutes a considerable portion of the population and number of jurisdictions that comprise the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Washington_Council_of_Governments" title="Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments">Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments</a> (MWCOG). Founded in 1957, MWCOG is a regional organization of 22 Washington-area local governments, as well as area members of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia</a> state legislatures, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>. MWCOG provides a forum for discussion and the development of regional responses to issues regarding the environment, transportation, public safety, homeland security, affordable housing, community planning, and economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board, a component of MWCOG, is the federally designated <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_planning_organization" title="Metropolitan planning organization">metropolitan planning organization</a> for the metropolitan Washington area, including Northern Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>188,919</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>194,731</td><td></td><td>3.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>206,504</td><td></td><td>6.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>229,205</td><td></td><td>11.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>298,588</td><td></td><td>30.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>488,945</td><td></td><td>63.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>788,162</td><td></td><td>61.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>1,118,064</td><td></td><td>41.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>1,357,387</td><td></td><td>21.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>1,805,091</td><td></td><td>33.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>2,253,251</td><td></td><td>24.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>2,794,957</td><td></td><td>24.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>3,197,076</td><td></td><td>14.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">3,257,133</td><td></td><td>1.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">1900–2020<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table><p>As of April 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there were 3,197,076 people in Northern Virginia; approximately 37 percent of the state's population.<sup id="cite_ref-coopercenter_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coopercenter-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These population counts include all counties within Virginia that are part of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Metropolitan Area">Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area">Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">U.S. Office of Management and Budget</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President of the United States</a>. </p><p>Of the 3,159,639 people in Northern Virginia in the 2019 estimates, 2,776,960 lived in "central" counties, or those counties and equivalent entities as delineated by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as forming part of the urban core of the Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area. These counties include <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia" title="Fauquier County, Virginia">Fauquier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a>. </p><p>An additional 390,679 people lived in counties of the Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area or the Baltimore-Washington Combined Statistical Area not considered "central." These counties, largely considered exurban or undergoing suburban change, include <a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Virginia" title="Clarke County, Virginia">Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culpeper_County,_Virginia" title="Culpeper County, Virginia">Culpeper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Frederick County, Virginia">Frederick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Virginia" title="Madison County, Virginia">Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rappahannock_County,_Virginia" title="Rappahannock County, Virginia">Rappahannock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania County, Virginia">Spotsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Virginia" title="Warren County, Virginia">Warren</a>, and the independent city of <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a>. </p><p>In addition, there are counties outside of the Washington Metropolitan Area that under more broad definitions are referred to as being part of Northern Virginia. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service categorizes <a href="/wiki/King_George_County,_Virginia" title="King George County, Virginia">King George County</a> as part of Northern Virginia, though the county was removed from the Washington Metropolitan Area in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King George County and <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Virginia" title="Orange County, Virginia">Orange County</a> also include areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_the_Woods,_Virginia" title="Lake of the Woods, Virginia">Lake of the Woods</a>, where the cross-commuting interchange with the Washington Metropolitan Area is high enough to merit inclusion in the Metropolitan Area,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although more far-flung parts of these counties still cause the county-wide commuter interchange to fall below the threshold for inclusion in the Washington Metropolitan Area or Washington-Baltimore Combined Statistical Area. The demographic figures above do not include population counts for these two counties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racial_and_ethnic_composition">Racial and ethnic composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Racial and ethnic composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. Census</a> resulted in the following racial and ethnic composition for Northern Virginia: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Jurisdiction</b> </td> <td><b>Population (2020 Census)</b> </td> <td><b>White alone, not Hispanic or Latino</b> </td> <td><b>Hispanic or Latino</b> </td> <td><b>Black or African American alone</b> </td> <td><b>Asian alone</b> </td> <td><b>American Indian and Alaska Native alone</b> </td> <td><b>Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone</b> </td> <td><b>Two or More Races</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of Alexandria </td> <td>159,467 </td> <td>51.9% </td> <td>16.7% </td> <td>21.8% </td> <td>5.9% </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>0.0% </td> <td>5.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arlington County </td> <td>238,643 </td> <td>61.4% </td> <td>15.6% </td> <td>9.7% </td> <td>11.0% </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>3.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clarke County </td> <td>14,783 </td> <td>85.3% </td> <td>6.4% </td> <td>4.7% </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>2.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Culpeper County </td> <td>52,552 </td> <td>69.8% </td> <td>11.6% </td> <td>14.6% </td> <td>1.7% </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>3.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of Fairfax </td> <td>24,146 </td> <td>56.2% </td> <td>17.2% </td> <td>4.9% </td> <td>17.2% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>0.0% </td> <td>5.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fairfax County </td> <td>1,150,309 </td> <td>50.0% </td> <td>16.5% </td> <td>10.6% </td> <td>20.1% </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>3.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of Falls Church </td> <td>14,658 </td> <td>71.2% </td> <td>10.6% </td> <td>4.8% </td> <td>10.0% </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>4.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fauquier County </td> <td>72,972 </td> <td>79.0% </td> <td>9.2% </td> <td>7.8% </td> <td>1.7% </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>2.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frederick County </td> <td>91,419 </td> <td>82.3% </td> <td>9.3% </td> <td>4.7% </td> <td>1.8% </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>2.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of Fredericksburg </td> <td>27,982 </td> <td>54.3% </td> <td>12.4% </td> <td>21.2% </td> <td>4.7% </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>5.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Loudoun County </td> <td>420,959 </td> <td>54.8% </td> <td>13.9% </td> <td>8.1% </td> <td>20.3% </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>3.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Madison County </td> <td>13,837 </td> <td>84.3% </td> <td>3.2% </td> <td>9.3% </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>0.0% </td> <td>2.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of Manassas </td> <td>42,772 </td> <td>39.5% </td> <td>38.1% </td> <td>15.4% </td> <td>6.3% </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>3.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of Manassas Park </td> <td>17,219 </td> <td>31.2% </td> <td>41.0% </td> <td>15.6% </td> <td>11.5% </td> <td>1.6% </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>3.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prince William County </td> <td>482,204 </td> <td>41.5% </td> <td>24.5% </td> <td>22.2% </td> <td>9.4% </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>4.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rappahannock County </td> <td>7,348 </td> <td>88.3% </td> <td>4.4% </td> <td>4.2% </td> <td>1.0% </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>2.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spotsylvania County </td> <td>140,032 </td> <td>66.6% </td> <td>10.7% </td> <td>17.5% </td> <td>2.8% </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>3.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stafford County </td> <td>156,927 </td> <td>59.3% </td> <td>14.2% </td> <td>20.0% </td> <td>3.6% </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>4.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Warren County </td> <td>40,727 </td> <td>86.0% </td> <td>5.3% </td> <td>5.0% </td> <td>1.3% </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>2.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of Winchester </td> <td>28,120 </td> <td>65.7% </td> <td>18.3% </td> <td>11.3% </td> <td>2.7% </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>3.6% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Northern Virginia as a whole is 51.2% White, 17.4% Hispanic, 16.3% Asian, 14.1% Black, and 2.4% Other. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; width: 30%; font-size: 85%;" cellspacing="3"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><b>Demographics in Northern Virginia's five largest jurisdictions</b><sup id="cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></b></td> <td><b>No. VA</b></td> <td><b>U.S.</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>($200k+)</td> <td>13.6%</td> <td>3.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>$100k+</td> <td>46.1%</td> <td>19.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>$75k-100k</td> <td>15.1%</td> <td>12.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>$50k-75k</td> <td>16.3%</td> <td>18.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>$25k-50k</td> <td>14.2%</td> <td>25.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>$25k or less</td> <td>8.4%</td> <td>24.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Race</a></b></td> <td><b>No. VA</b></td> <td><b>U.S.</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>White</td> <td>67.2%</td> <td>74.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or African American</td> <td>11.6%</td> <td>12.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian</td> <td>12.5%</td> <td>4.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Hispanic or Latino)</td> <td>13.9%</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Some other race</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>6.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two or more races</td> <td>2.4%</td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></b></td> <td><b>No. VA</b></td> <td><b>U.S.</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Graduate/professional)</td> <td>25.2%</td> <td>9.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bachelor's or higher</td> <td>55.5%</td> <td>27.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Associate's</td> <td>5.7%</td> <td>7.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Some college</td> <td>14.8%</td> <td>19.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>High school/equivalent</td> <td>15.8%</td> <td>30.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Less than high school</td> <td>8.1%</td> <td>15.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Northern Virginia is home to people from diverse backgrounds, with significant numbers of <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">Palestinian Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Americans" title="Uzbek Americans">Uzbek Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Americans" title="Afghan Americans">Afghan Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Americans" title="Ethiopian Americans">Ethiopian Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">Iranian Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_Americans" title="Thai Americans">Thai Americans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani Americans</a>. <a href="/wiki/Annandale,_Virginia" title="Annandale, Virginia">Annandale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centreville" class="mw-redirect" title="Centreville">Centreville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chantilly,_Virginia" title="Chantilly, Virginia">Chantilly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax City</a> have very large <a href="/wiki/Korean_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean American">Korean American</a> communities. <a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a> has a large Vietnamese American community, and the region is home to a small <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Americans" title="Tibetan Americans">Tibetan American</a> community. </p><p>There is a sizable <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic and Latino">Hispanic</a> population, primarily consisting of <a href="/wiki/Salvadorans" title="Salvadorans">Salvadorans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peruvians" title="Peruvians">Peruvians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Ricans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cubans" title="Cubans">Cubans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivians" title="Bolivians">Bolivians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexicans" title="Mexicans">Mexicans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colombians" title="Colombians">Colombians</a>. Arlington is the center of the largest <a href="/wiki/Bolivians" title="Bolivians">Bolivian</a> community in North America (mostly immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Cochabamba" title="Cochabamba">Cochabamba</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many of these immigrants work in transportation-related fields, small businesses, hospitality, vending, gardening, construction, and cleaning. </p><p>Of those born in the U.S. and living in Northern Virginia's four largest counties, their place of birth by <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">census region</a> is 60.5 percent from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>, 21.0 percent from the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>, 11.5 percent from the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, and 7.0 percent from the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a>. 33.7 percent were born in Virginia, which is categorized as part of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a> along with neighboring Maryland and Washington, D.C., by the Census Bureau.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_attainment">Educational attainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Educational attainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The core Northern Virginia jurisdictions of Alexandria, Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William comprising a total population of 1,973,513 is highly educated, with 55.5 percent of its population 25 years or older holding a bachelor's degree or higher.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is comparable to <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, the most educated large city in the U.S., with 53.4 percent of residents having at least a bachelor's degree.<sup id="cite_ref-Most_Educated_City_in_US_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Most_Educated_City_in_US-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of graduate/professional degree holders in Arlington is relatively high at 34.3 percent, nearly quadruple the rate of the U.S. population as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affluence">Affluence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Affluence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Route267vausawiehle.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Route267vausawiehle.jpeg/220px-Route267vausawiehle.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Route267vausawiehle.jpeg/330px-Route267vausawiehle.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Route267vausawiehle.jpeg/440px-Route267vausawiehle.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Planned_community" title="Planned community">planned community</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seen from the <a href="/wiki/Dulles_Toll_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulles Toll Road">Dulles Toll Road</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The region is known in Virginia and the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a> for its relative affluence. <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford County</a> in Northern Virginia is one of the seven counties in the nation where black households make more than white households.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among large cities or counties in the nation with <a href="/wiki/Median_household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Median household income">median household incomes</a> in excess of $100,000, the top two cities, which comprise over half the region's population, are in Northern Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Northern Virginia also has one of the highest costs of living in the nation, making the actual purchasing power of these households considerably less than in other less affluent areas.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen Company">Nielsen</a> Claritas, Loudoun County and Arlington County have the highest concentration of 25- to 34-year-olds with incomes of $100,000+ in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988, <a href="/wiki/Tysons_Galleria" title="Tysons Galleria">Tysons Galleria</a>, a large shopping mall, opened across <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Route_123" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Route 123">Virginia Route 123</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tysons_Corner_Center" title="Tysons Corner Center">Tysons Corner Center</a> with high-end department stores <a href="/wiki/Neiman_Marcus" title="Neiman Marcus">Neiman Marcus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saks_5th_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Saks 5th Avenue">Saks 5th Avenue</a>, hoping to become the Washington area's upscale shopping destination. The mall had trouble with sales and attracting high-end boutiques well into the 1990s and faced competition from <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Square" title="Fairfax Square">Fairfax Square</a>, which opened nearby in 1990 with the largest <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co." title="Tiffany & Co.">Tiffany & Co.</a> boutique outside of New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Swanky_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swanky-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a 1997 renovation, Tysons Galleria was able to attract high-end stores. In 2002, <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society"><i>National Geographic</i></a> described it as "the <a href="/wiki/Rodeo_Drive" title="Rodeo Drive">Rodeo Drive</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Galleria_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galleria-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, luxury home service <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> International Realty, which had three offices in Virginia serving the rest of the state, and two in Washington, D.C., opened a new office in <a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean</a> to sell high-end real estate in Northern Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the "Crime in Virginia 2021" report, published by the Department of State Police, Northern Virginia had homicide rates below the state average: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Jurisdiction</b> </th> <th><b>Population (2020 Census)</b> </th> <th><b>Homicides (2020)</b> </th> <th><b>Homicide Rate (per 100,000)</b> </th> <th>Homicides (2021) </th> <th>Homicide Rate (per 100,000) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Alexandria city </td> <td>159,467 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1.88 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arlington County </td> <td>238,643 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1.26 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clarke County </td> <td>14,783 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Culpeper County </td> <td>52,552 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fairfax city </td> <td>24,146 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fairfax County </td> <td>1,150,309 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>1.39 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>2.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Falls Church city </td> <td>14,658 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>6.82 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fauquier County </td> <td>72,972 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4.11 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frederick County </td> <td>91,419 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3.28 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fredericksburg city </td> <td>27,982 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>10.72 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>10.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Loudoun County </td> <td>420,959 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.24 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Madison County </td> <td>13,837 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>7.23 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>7.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manassas city </td> <td>42,772 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2.34 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manassas Park city </td> <td>17,219 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prince William County </td> <td>482,204 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1.45 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>2.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rappahannock County </td> <td>7,348 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spotsylvania County </td> <td>140,032 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3.57 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stafford County </td> <td>156,927 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1.27 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Warren County </td> <td>40,727 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Winchester city </td> <td>28,120 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>7.11 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>REGION TOTAL</b> </td> <td><b>3,197,076</b> </td> <td><b>51</b> </td> <td><b>1.60</b> </td> <td><b>59</b> </td> <td><b>1.85</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A 2009 report by the Northern Virginia Regional Gang Task Force suggests that anti-gang measures and crackdowns on <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrants">illegal immigrants</a> by local jurisdictions are driving gang members out of Northern Virginia and into more immigrant-friendly locales in Maryland, Washington, D.C., and the rest of Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-gangsflee_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gangsflee-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The violent crime rate in Northern Virginia fell 17 percent from 2003 to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-gangsflee_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gangsflee-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fairfax County has the lowest crime rate in the Washington metropolitan area, and the lowest crime rate amongst the 50 largest jurisdictions of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the region has extremely low violent crime rates, it is an emerging hub for teen <a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">sex trafficking</a>, with regional gangs finding it more profitable than selling drugs or weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Washington_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Washington Metropolitan Area">Economy of the Washington Metropolitan Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stand_up_scene_(8712578924).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Stand_up_scene_%288712578924%29.jpg/220px-Stand_up_scene_%288712578924%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Stand_up_scene_%288712578924%29.jpg/330px-Stand_up_scene_%288712578924%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Stand_up_scene_%288712578924%29.jpg/440px-Stand_up_scene_%288712578924%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a>, home to some of the tallest high rises in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Former Virginia Governor <a href="/wiki/Bob_McDonnell" title="Bob McDonnell">Bob McDonnell</a> described Northern Virginia as "the economic engine of the state" during a January 2010 Northern Virginia Technology Council address.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the Northern Virginia office submarkets contain 172,000,000 sq ft (16,000,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of office space, 33 percent more than those in Washington, D.C., and 55 percent more than those in its Maryland suburbs. 8,000,000 sq ft (740,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of office space is under construction in Northern Virginia. 60 percent of the construction is occurring in the Dulles Corridor submarket.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of September 2008, the unemployment rate in Northern Virginia was 3.2 percent, about half the national average, and the lowest of any metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the U.S. as a whole had negative job growth between September 2007 to September 2008, Northern Virginia gained 12,800 jobs, representing half of Virginia's new jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of July 2010, the unemployment rate of the region was 5.2 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-2000s, Fairfax County was one of few places in the nation that attracted more <a href="/wiki/Creative_class" title="Creative class">creative-class</a> workers than it created.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_City_Metro_headhouse_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Crystal_City_Metro_headhouse_2016.jpg/220px-Crystal_City_Metro_headhouse_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Crystal_City_Metro_headhouse_2016.jpg/330px-Crystal_City_Metro_headhouse_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Crystal_City_Metro_headhouse_2016.jpg/440px-Crystal_City_Metro_headhouse_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Virginia" title="Crystal City, Virginia">Crystal City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County</a> was selected as a location for <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon's</a> <a href="/wiki/Amazon_HQ2" title="Amazon HQ2">Amazon HQ2</a> real estate search. The regional headquarters complex will include up to 6,000,000 sq ft (557,400 m<sup>2</sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-arch_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arch-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rivaling the nearby Pentagon.</figcaption></figure> <p>Northern Virginia is the busiest <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> intersection in the nation,<sup id="cite_ref-gp_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gp-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with up to 70 percent of all Internet traffic flowing through <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun County</a> data centers every day.<sup id="cite_ref-louddata1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-louddata1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the largest <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data center</a> market in the world by capacity, with nearly double that of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, and the world's fastest-growing data market as of 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Loudoun County expects to have 6,500,000 sq ft (600,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of data center space by 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2012, <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion Resources">Dominion Energy</a> expects that 10 percent of all electricity it sends to Northern Virginia will be used by the region's data centers alone.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Accenture" title="Accenture">Accenture</a> estimates that 70 percent of <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud" title="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud">Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud</a> servers are located in their Northern Virginia zone.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2015–16 estimate by <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> puts Amazon's current and upcoming power capacity in Northern Virginia at over 1 <a href="/wiki/Gigawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigawatt">gigawatt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gp_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gp-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_government">Federal government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Federal government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_Northern_Virginia" title="List of federal agencies in Northern Virginia">List of federal agencies in Northern Virginia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_intelligence_budget.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/US_intelligence_budget.png/220px-US_intelligence_budget.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/US_intelligence_budget.png/330px-US_intelligence_budget.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/US_intelligence_budget.png/440px-US_intelligence_budget.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>The region is home to three of the four largest <a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">U.S. intelligence agencies</a> by budget.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a> is a major employer in Northern Virginia, which is home to numerous government agencies, including the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a>, headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>. The area also includes <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myer" title="Fort Myer">Fort Myer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Belvoir" title="Fort Belvoir">Fort Belvoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico" title="Marine Corps Base Quantico">Marine Corps Base Quantico</a>, the <a href="/wiki/FBI_Academy" title="FBI Academy">FBI Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naval_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Naval Criminal Investigative Service">Naval Criminal Investigative Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">U.S. Patent and Trademark Office</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. </p><p>Government contracting is an important part of the region's economy. Arlington alone is home to over 600 federal contractors and has the highest weekly wages of any major jurisdiction in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following government agencies have either 10,000+ employees or a $10+ billion budget: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency" title="Defense Logistics Agency">Defense Logistics Agency</a> (DLA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> (DOD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a> (DEA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</a> (NGA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a> (NRO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a> (TSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a> (USPTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a> (FWS)</li></ul> <p>Other federal agencies in Northern Virginia include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> (NSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Director of National Intelligence">Office of the Director of National Intelligence</a> (ODNI)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_companies">Notable companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Dulles_Technology_Corridor" title="Dulles Technology Corridor">Dulles Technology Corridor</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_headquartered_in_Northern_Virginia" title="List of companies headquartered in Northern Virginia">List of companies headquartered in Northern Virginia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capital_One_World_Headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Capital_One_World_Headquarters.jpg/220px-Capital_One_World_Headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Capital_One_World_Headquarters.jpg/330px-Capital_One_World_Headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Capital_One_World_Headquarters.jpg/440px-Capital_One_World_Headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2845" data-file-height="3556" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Capital_One_Tower_(Virginia)" title="Capital One Tower (Virginia)">Capital One Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tysons,_Virginia" title="Tysons, Virginia">Tysons</a>, the tallest building in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a> and a centerpiece of the 5,000,000 sq ft (464,500 m<sup>2</sup>) headquarters campus for <a href="/wiki/Capital_One" title="Capital One">Capital One</a><sup id="cite_ref-bis_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bis-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <caption><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_corporations_by_market_capitalization" title="List of public corporations by market capitalization">Largest public companies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-f500_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f500-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Company </th> <th>Industry </th> <th>Headquarters </th> <th>National rank </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AES_Corporation" title="AES Corporation">AES Corporation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energy_industry" title="Energy industry">Utilities: Gas and Electric</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vaarlington"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a> </td> <td>313 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Building_Products" title="Beacon Building Products">Beacon Building Products</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wholesaling" title="Wholesaling">Wholesalers: Diversified</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Herndon,_Virginia" title="Herndon, Virginia">Herndon, Virginia</a> </td> <td>420 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Aerospace and Defense</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a> </td> <td>58 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Booz_Allen_Hamilton" title="Booz Allen Hamilton">Booz Allen Hamilton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information Technology Services</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vamclean"><a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean, Virginia</a> </td> <td>391 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CACI" title="CACI">CACI International</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information Technology Services</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a> </td> <td>473 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capital_One" title="Capital One">Capital One Financial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">Commercial Banks</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vamclean"><a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean, Virginia</a> </td> <td>99 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DXC_Technology" title="DXC Technology">DXC Technology</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information Technology Services</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vatysons"><a href="/wiki/Tysons,_Virginia" title="Tysons, Virginia">Tysons, Virginia</a> </td> <td>152 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Mac" title="Freddie Mac">Freddie Mac</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diversified_financial" title="Diversified financial">Diversified Financials</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vamclean"><a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean, Virginia</a> </td> <td>47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics" title="General Dynamics">General Dynamics</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Defense_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense contractor">Aerospace and Defense</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vafalls"><a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston, Virginia</a> </td> <td>84 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Hotels_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilton Hotels Corporation">Hilton Hotels Corporation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">Hospitality</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vamclean"><a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean, Virginia</a> </td> <td>324 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leidos" title="Leidos">Leidos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information Technology Services</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vareston"><a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston, Virginia</a> </td> <td>248 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Defense_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense contractor">Aerospace and Defense</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vafalls"><a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church, Virginia</a> </td> <td>86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NVR,_Inc." title="NVR, Inc.">NVR, Inc.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Homebuilders</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vareston"><a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston, Virginia</a> </td> <td>383 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Science_Applications_International_Corporation" title="Science Applications International Corporation">Science Applications</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information Technology Services</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston, Virginia</a> </td> <td>412 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <caption><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_private_non-governmental_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest private non-governmental companies by revenue">Largest private companies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> America's Largest Private Companies 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-forbesprivate_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbesprivate-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Company </th> <th>Industry </th> <th>Headquarters </th> <th>National rank </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bechtel" title="Bechtel">Bechtel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston, Virginia</a> </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carahsoft" title="Carahsoft">Carahsoft</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information Technology Services</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vareston"><a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston, Virginia</a> </td> <td>44 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars,_Incorporated" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars, Incorporated">Mars</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">Food and Drink</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="vamclean"><a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean, Virginia</a> </td> <td>4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign">Verisign</a>, the manager of the <a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a> and <a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a> <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domains</a>, is based in the region. Major companies formerly headquartered in the region include <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nextel" title="Nextel">Nextel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sprint_Corporation" title="Sprint Corporation">Sprint</a>, <a href="/wiki/PSINet" title="PSINet">PSINet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sallie_Mae" title="Sallie Mae">Sallie Mae</a>, <a href="/wiki/MCI_Communications" title="MCI Communications">MCI Communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transurban" title="Transurban">Transurban</a>, and <a href="/wiki/UUNET" title="UUNET">UUNET</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attractions">Attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Udvar-Hazy_Center_center_outside_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Udvar-Hazy_Center_center_outside_view.jpg/220px-Udvar-Hazy_Center_center_outside_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Udvar-Hazy_Center_center_outside_view.jpg/330px-Udvar-Hazy_Center_center_outside_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Udvar-Hazy_Center_center_outside_view.jpg/440px-Udvar-Hazy_Center_center_outside_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dulles_International_Airport" title="Dulles International Airport">Dulles International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The region's large shopping malls, such as <a href="/wiki/Potomac_Mills_(shopping_mall)" class="mw-redirect" title="Potomac Mills (shopping mall)">Potomac Mills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tysons_Corner_Center" title="Tysons Corner Center">Tysons Corner Center</a>, attract many visitors, as do the region's <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> battlefields, which include the sites of both the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="First Battle of Bull Run">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="Second Battle of Bull Run">Second Battle of Bull Run</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburg" title="Battle of Fredericksburg">Battle of Fredericksburg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2020)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Alexandria" title="Old Town Alexandria">Old Town Alexandria</a> is known for its historic churches, townhouses, restaurants, gift shops, artist studios, and cruise boats. </p><p>The waterfront and outdoor recreational amenities such as biking and running trails, including the <a href="/wiki/Washington_%26_Old_Dominion_Railroad_Regional_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park">Washington and Old Dominion Rail Trail</a> that leads from Alexandria to the foothills of the Blue Ridge, the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Trail" title="Mount Vernon Trail">Mount Vernon Trail</a> and trails along various stream beds, whitewater and sea kayaking, and rock climbing areas along the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_the_Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_metropolitan_area" title="List of parks in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area">various parks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Falls_Park" title="Great Falls Park">Great Falls Park</a>, and historic <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a>, which opened a new visitor center in 2006. The Government Island park and quarry in <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford County</a> has views of the Potomac River. Aquia Creek was the source for many of the building materials for the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2020)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> Also in <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford County</a> are historic places, including <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>'s boyhood home, <a href="/wiki/Ferry_Farm" title="Ferry Farm">Ferry Farm</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2020)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> headquarters and plantation <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Manor" title="Chatham Manor">Chatham Manor</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2020)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup>, and <a href="/wiki/Gari_Melchers_Home_%26_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gari Melchers Home & Studio">Gari Melchers Home & Studio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2020)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center</a>, an annex of the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a>, which includes exhibits that cannot be housed at the main museum in Washington, D.C., due to space constraints. Concerts and other live shows are held at the <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Trap_National_Park_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts">Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Trap,_Virginia" title="Wolf Trap, Virginia">Wolf Trap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-about.com_top_ten_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about.com_top_ten-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#ccccff;">Presidential elections results</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:95%;"> <caption>Presidential elections results<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="lightgrey"> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Party (United States)">Third parties</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2020">2020</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">34.3% <i>567,659</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>63.7%</b> <i>1,053,815</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">2.1% <i>33,812</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2016">2016</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">34.8% <i>505,659</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>58.6%</b> <i>851,505</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">6.7% <i>96,693</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2012">2012</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">42.1% <i>575,477</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>56.4%</b> <i>771,396</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">1.5% <i>20,330</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2008">2008</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.2% <i>530,038</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>57.8%</b> <i>743,193</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">1.0% <i>12,920</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2004">2004</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.9% <i>539,992</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>50.3%</b> <i>554,592</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">0.8% <i>9,102</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2000">2000</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>49.6%</b> <i>459,322</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46.7% <i>432,189</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">3.7% <i>34,276</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1996">1996</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>47.4%</b> <i>367,540</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46.5% <i>360,492</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">6.1% <i>47,413</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_2">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017.10.27.120606_King_Street_Alexandria_Virginia_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/2017.10.27.120606_King_Street_Alexandria_Virginia_USA.jpg/220px-2017.10.27.120606_King_Street_Alexandria_Virginia_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/2017.10.27.120606_King_Street_Alexandria_Virginia_USA.jpg/330px-2017.10.27.120606_King_Street_Alexandria_Virginia_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/2017.10.27.120606_King_Street_Alexandria_Virginia_USA.jpg/440px-2017.10.27.120606_King_Street_Alexandria_Virginia_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a>, the adopted hometown of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From the mid-1880s until the mid-1960s Virginia politics were dominated by <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a>. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Harry_Flood_Byrd" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Flood Byrd">Harry Flood Byrd</a>, who became <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia</a> and later a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. senator</a>, the group became known as the <a href="/wiki/Byrd_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Byrd Organization">Byrd Organization</a>. With a power base in a network of the constitutional officers of most of Virginia's counties, they controlled Virginia's state government. The Byrd Organization largely followed conservative and anti-debt principles espoused by Byrd, who grew up in a rural setting during the fiscally stressed era following <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era of the United States">Reconstruction</a>. Although a member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> and an initial supporter of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, Senator Byrd became a bitter opponent of the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> and related national policies, particularly those involving fiscal and social issues. He became Virginia's senior senator after the death of Senator <a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Carter Glass</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg</a> in 1946. </p><p>The period following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> saw substantial growth in the size and diversity of Virginia's suburban areas, including Northern Virginia, <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a>. People of the emerging middle class were increasingly less willing to accept the rural focus of the General Assembly, nor Byrd's extreme positions on public debt and social issues. The latter was nowhere more graphically illustrated than with Byrd's violent opposition to <a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">racial integration</a> of the state's <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">public schools</a>. His leadership in the failed policy of <a href="/wiki/Massive_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Massive Resistance">Massive Resistance</a> to racial desegregation of the public schools and efforts to circumvent related rulings of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> ultimately caused closure of some public schools in the state and alienated many middle-class voters. The Byrd Organization had never been strong in Virginia's independent cities, and beginning in the 1960s, city and suburban factions increasingly supported efforts to make broad changes in Virginia. In this climate, the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Virginia" title="Republican Party of Virginia">Republican Party of Virginia</a> began making inroads. </p><p>Rulings by both state and federal courts that "Massive Resistance" was unconstitutional and a move to compliance with the court orders in early 1959 by Governor <a href="/wiki/J._Lindsay_Almond" title="J. Lindsay Almond">J. Lindsay Almond</a>, and the General Assembly could be described as marking the Byrd Organization's "last stand", although the remnants of the Organization continued to wield power for a few years longer.<sup id="cite_ref-Glarud_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glarud-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Senator Byrd resigned in 1965, he was replaced by his son <a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd_Jr." title="Harry F. Byrd Jr.">Harry F. Byrd Jr.</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a>. In 1969, however, the 80-year domination of Virginia politics by the Byrds ended with the election of <a href="/wiki/Linwood_Holton" title="Linwood Holton">Linwood Holton</a>, a conservative Democrat who subsequently became a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> and was reelected in 1973, representing the first Republican governor had been elected in the 20th century. </p><p>During the last quarter of the 20th century, Virginia's Republicans gained ground against the Democrats. Republican <a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">John Warner</a> from Northern Virginia gained one of the seats in the U.S. Senate in 1978. After longtime state senator <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wilder" title="Douglas Wilder">L. Douglas Wilder</a> became governor in 1989, the first African American to be elected a governor in the United States, Republicans subsequently gained control of the Governor's mansion after the 1993 election. Republicans finally gained control of the General Assembly in the 1999 elections. </p><p>For a number of years, the recurring Republican theme was to reduce waste in state government and taxes. However, this seemed to reach a peak during the administration of <a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Jim Gilmore</a>, with a move to repeal an unpopular car tax accompanied by a failure to provide promised replacement funds to the counties, cities and towns. Subsequently, two Democrats were elected consecutively as governor, and control in the General Assembly shifted back to a more bipartisan balance of power. As governor, both <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> were confronted with stabilizing state economics and dealing with a deteriorating transportation funding situation partially caused by the state's failure to index state fuel taxes to inflation, with a "cents per gallon" tax rate unchanged since the administration of Democratic Governor <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Baliles" title="Gerald Baliles">Gerald Baliles</a> in 1986. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st-century_politics">21st-century politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 21st-century politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2005_Virginia_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/2005_Virginia_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg/220px-2005_Virginia_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/2005_Virginia_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg/330px-2005_Virginia_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/2005_Virginia_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg/440px-2005_Virginia_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2005_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="2005 Virginia gubernatorial election">2005 Virginia gubernatorial election</a> map</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginia_Presidential_Election_Results_2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Virginia_Presidential_Election_Results_2020.svg/300px-Virginia_Presidential_Election_Results_2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Virginia_Presidential_Election_Results_2020.svg/450px-Virginia_Presidential_Election_Results_2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Virginia_Presidential_Election_Results_2020.svg/600px-Virginia_Presidential_Election_Results_2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="2020 United States presidential election in Virginia">2020 United States presidential election in Virginia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginia_Congressional_Districts,_118th_Congress.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Virginia_Congressional_Districts%2C_118th_Congress.svg/300px-Virginia_Congressional_Districts%2C_118th_Congress.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Virginia_Congressional_Districts%2C_118th_Congress.svg/450px-Virginia_Congressional_Districts%2C_118th_Congress.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Virginia_Congressional_Districts%2C_118th_Congress.svg/600px-Virginia_Congressional_Districts%2C_118th_Congress.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Virginia Congressional Districts as of 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 21st century, Northern Virginia is known for becoming increasingly favorable to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> at both the state and national level. Fairfax County supported <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 presidential election</a>, and also voted heavily for <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 presidential election</a>, the first time a Democratic candidate for president carried the Commonwealth of Virginia since <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> in <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a>. The area also voted for Democrats <a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Jim Webb</a> in 2006 for U.S. Senate, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> in 2005 for governor, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> in 2001 for governor. In these three races for statewide office, the margins tallied in Northern Virginia provided the Democratic candidate with a winning margin of victory. </p><p>Democrat <a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Jim Webb</a> defeated incumbent Senator <a href="/wiki/George_Allen_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Allen (U.S. politician)">George Allen</a> by the slim margin of 49.6 to 49.2 percent in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, that margin increased to 58.1 to 40.7 percent in favor of the Democratic challenger in the counties and cities of Northern Virginia, whereas Webb ran behind Allen somewhat, 46.1 to 52.7 percent, in the remainder of the commonwealth. Webb carried <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun County</a>, as well as the more urban areas of <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a>. Allen's sole wins in Northern Virginia were the cities of <a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a>, winning the latter two only by the narrow margins of 3.54 and 2.38 percent, respectively. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 presidential election</a>, 53 percent of Northern Virginia voters voted for <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, the Democratic candidate and 46 percent voted for <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> candidate. This contrasted with the rest of Virginia, which gave 43 percent to Kerry and 56 percent to Bush. Kerry also carried <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County</a>, the most populous county in Virginia, and <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax City</a>, the first time those jurisdictions had voted Democratic since <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">Johnson's national landslide in 1964</a>. The strongest support in the area for the Democrats lies inside <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)">the Beltway</a>, in Arlington, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, and parts of Fairfax County. The more distant areas (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William County</a>) historically have been more conservative; however, as they have increased in population, they have become more liberal. Both Mark Warner in 2001 and John Kerry in 2004 lost Loudoun and Prince William counties. Tim Kaine won <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun</a> counties in 2005. Tim Kaine won <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford County in 2018</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006 despite not polling as strongly as Mark Warner statewide, Democratic senate candidate Jim Webb won both Loudoun and Prince William counties. In 2005, 65 percent of the voters of Northern Virginia voted for Democrat <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> for governor over <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Kilgore_(politician)" title="Jerry Kilgore (politician)">Jerry Kilgore</a>, who received only 32 percent of the vote, easily 14 points lower than George W. Bush's showing only a year earlier. </p><p>The Democrats in Virginia also have made considerable gains in the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">Virginia House of Delegates</a> which helped turn both chambers of the state legislature to the Democrats. Since 2015 Democrats have flipped districts in the suburbs of Washington D.C in counties such as <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun County</a>. These flips have shown the changing demographics and voting bloc in these counties and the expansion of suburbanization and Northern Virginia. For example, the 28th district a seat held by Republicans since 1984 in Stafford County and parts of Fredericksburg and seat of former Republican Virginia Speaker of the House <a href="/wiki/William_J._Howell" title="William J. Howell">William J. Howell</a>. 10 years ago Republicans won the Virginia House of Delegates election with 74% of the vote in the district. In the 2019 election <a href="/wiki/Joshua_G._Cole" title="Joshua G. Cole">Joshua G. Cole</a>, a fierce Democrat and supporter of the Green New Deal, flipped the district by 4 points. Another district the 2nd district that encompasses Prince William County and Stafford County was once a swing district held by both Republicans and Democrats. In 2017, Democrats flipped the district with 64% of the vote and was re-elected with 60% of the vote with <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Caroll_Foy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennifer Caroll Foy">Jennifer Caroll Foy</a> a supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment which she passed this year with the new Democratic trifecta in the state. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Virginia's 7th congressional district">7th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Virginia's 8th congressional district">8th</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Virginia's 10th congressional district">10th</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Virginia's 11th congressional district">11th</a> <a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_congressional_districts" title="Virginia's congressional districts">congressional districts</a> lie within Northern Virginia.(As of 5/15/2023) The current representatives are from the 8th district is <a href="/wiki/Don_Beyer" title="Don Beyer">Don Beyer</a> (D), from the 7th district is <a href="/wiki/Abigail_Spanberger" title="Abigail Spanberger">Abigail Spanberger</a> (D), from the 10th district is <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Wexton" title="Jennifer Wexton">Jennifer Wexton</a> (D), and the current representative from the 11th district is <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Connolly" title="Gerry Connolly">Gerry Connolly</a> (D). Three of four districts voted for Jim Webb in the 2006 Senate election. </p><p>In the 2005 gubernatorial election, the entire region continued to move away from the Republicans. Fairfax County, Arlington County, the cities of Alexandria, Fairfax City, and Falls Church, and for the first time,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Loudoun County and Prince William County, went to Tim Kaine, the Democratic candidate. The area continued to be more Democratic the closer it was to Washington, D.C., but Richmond resident Kaine was able to accomplish what Northern Virginian Mark Warner had been unable to do just four years earlier in 2001: carry Loudoun County and Prince William County (as well as win over 60 percent of the vote in Fairfax County). </p><p>In 2008, economist <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pfotenhauer" title="Nancy Pfotenhauer">Nancy Pfotenhauer</a>, a spokesperson and adviser for the <a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">John McCain presidential campaign</a>, created controversy by referring to the areas of Virginia not included in Northern Virginia as "real Virginia", picking up on a Republican <a href="/wiki/Talking_point" title="Talking point">talking point</a> that <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> promoted; namely that red states are the "real America" and more "pro-America".<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joe_McCain" title="Joe McCain">Joe McCain</a>, brother of John McCain, also called Arlington and Alexandria in Northern Virginia "communist country".<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 presidential election</a>, the majority of Northern Virginia voters voted for Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama. Over 70 percent of registered voters in Arlington, Alexandria and Falls Church voted for Obama.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn.com_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fairfax County, Loudoun County, Manassas and Prince William County also went to Obama, with Obama receiving 60 percent of the vote in Fairfax County compared to Republican candidate John McCain's 39 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn.com_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obama's win in Fairfax County, the most populous county in the state, marks the second time a Democrat has carried that county since <a href="/wiki/Solid_South#Democratic_factionalization_over_the_Civil_Rights_Movement" title="Solid South">the 1964 breakdown of Democratic predominance in the South</a> (the other being the 2004 presidential elections when the county went to John Kerry). Obama's victory in Northern Virginia continues the trend of Northern Virginia favoring Democrats over Republicans. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2009_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="2009 Virginia gubernatorial election">2009 gubernatorial election</a>, though Arlington, Alexandria, and Falls Church would back Democratic <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Virginia">state Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Creigh_Deeds" title="Creigh Deeds">Creigh Deeds</a> in his unsuccessful run for governor, Republican former state Attorney General, and future Governor, <a href="/wiki/Bob_McDonnell" title="Bob McDonnell">Bob McDonnell</a>, who overwhelmingly defeated Deeds 59 to 41 percent across the state as a whole, won Fairfax County, Loudoun County, Stafford County, Manassas, and Prince William County. However, a January 2010 special state senate election in the Fairfax county-based 37th State Senatorial district, which was held following <a href="/wiki/Ken_Cuccinelli" title="Ken Cuccinelli">Ken Cuccinelli</a>'s (R) resignation from the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Virginia">Senate of Virginia</a> upon his election as state attorney general two months earlier, was won by then-<a href="/wiki/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">Delegate</a> <a href="/wiki/David_W._Marsden" class="mw-redirect" title="David W. Marsden">David W. Marsden</a> (D). Marsden's victory would suggest that despite McDonnell's performance in northern Virginia during the 2009 gubernatorial election, the Democratic trend in the region has not been reversed.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, a poll by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> found that 47 percent of Virginians favored the legalization of same-sex marriage, 43 percent opposed it, and 10 percent had no opinion. It found 55 percent favored allowing same-sex couples to adopt children, while 35 percent opposed that and 10 percent had no opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same poll found that 64 percent of residents <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County</a> support same-sex marriage, 63 percent of residents of <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stafford,_Virginia" title="Stafford, Virginia">Stafford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia" title="Fauquier County, Virginia">Fauquier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culpeper,_Virginia" title="Culpeper, Virginia">Culpeper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Virginia" title="Madison, Virginia">Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rappahannock_County,_Virginia" title="Rappahannock County, Virginia">Rappamannock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrenton,_Virginia" title="Warrenton, Virginia">Warrenton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Virginia" title="Clarke County, Virginia">Clarke County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Frederick County, Virginia">Frederick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a> support same-sex marriage, while only 42 percent of the rest of Virginia supports same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, Frederick, Loudoun, Prince William, Rappahannock, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and Warren counties, as well as Alexandria, Falls Church, Fairfax, Fredericksburg, Manassas, Manassas Park, and Winchester cities, form Northern Virginia's contribution to the Washington metropolitan area; <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> received 849,758 votes compared to <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s 503,120 votes in the twelve-county and seven-city region, a 63–37 percent split in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>. Despite the 26 percent margin of victory for Clinton, seven counties voted for Trump. This compares to Clinton's 825,974 votes to Trump's 236,827 votes (78 to 22 percent) in Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince George's counties in Maryland as well as her 282,830 votes to his 12,723 votes (96 to 4 percent) in Washington, D.C. Among the aforementioned counties in Maryland, Trump carried two of them. The entire Washington metropolitan area – all seventeen counties and seven cities in Maryland and Virginia, plus the District of Columbia – voted 1,958,562 ballots to 752,670 ballots (72 to 28 percent) for Clinton and Trump, respectively. Compared to the entire state, Northern Virginia's twelve counties and seven cities represent 36 percent of the total electorate.<sup id="cite_ref-Leip,_David_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leip,_David-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolf_Trap_Concert_Hall_in_northern_Virginia_LCCN2011632950.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wolf_Trap_Concert_Hall_in_northern_Virginia_LCCN2011632950.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Wolf_Trap_Concert_Hall_in_northern_Virginia_LCCN2011632950.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wolf_Trap_Concert_Hall_in_northern_Virginia_LCCN2011632950.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Wolf_Trap_Concert_Hall_in_northern_Virginia_LCCN2011632950.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wolf_Trap_Concert_Hall_in_northern_Virginia_LCCN2011632950.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Wolf_Trap_Concert_Hall_in_northern_Virginia_LCCN2011632950.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2274" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>Spectators watching a performance at <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Trap_National_Park_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts">Wolf Trap</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the proximity to the capital, many Northern Virginians go to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, for cultural outings and nightlife. The <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Kennedy Center</a> in Washington, D.C., is a popular place for performances, as is <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Trap_National_Park_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts">Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts</a> near <a href="/wiki/Vienna,_Virginia" title="Vienna, Virginia">Vienna</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jiffy_Lube_Live" title="Jiffy Lube Live">Jiffy Lube Live</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a>), <a href="/wiki/EagleBank_Arena" title="EagleBank Arena">EagleBank Arena</a> at <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Capital_One_Arena" title="Capital One Arena">Capital One Arena</a> in Washington serve as popular concert venues, and Capital One Arena also serves as the home of sporting events. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a> museums also serve as local cultural institutions with easy proximity to Northern Virginia, and the <a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Udvar-Hazy Center</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a> in Chantilly is popular as well. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tysons_Galleria_Dec_2009_(4228555779).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tysons_Galleria_Dec_2009_%284228555779%29.jpg/220px-Tysons_Galleria_Dec_2009_%284228555779%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tysons_Galleria_Dec_2009_%284228555779%29.jpg/330px-Tysons_Galleria_Dec_2009_%284228555779%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tysons_Galleria_Dec_2009_%284228555779%29.jpg/440px-Tysons_Galleria_Dec_2009_%284228555779%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/The_Fashion_Centre_at_Pentagon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fashion Centre at Pentagon City">Pentagon City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tysons_Galleria" title="Tysons Galleria">Tysons Galleria</a> (pictured) malls are both attached to their own <a href="/wiki/Ritz-Carlton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritz-Carlton">Ritz-Carlton</a> hotels.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tysons_Corner_Center" title="Tysons Corner Center">Tysons Corner Center</a> ("Tysons I") is one of the largest malls in the country and is a hub for shopping in the area. <a href="/wiki/Tysons_Galleria" title="Tysons Galleria">Tysons Galleria</a> ("Tysons II"), its counterpart across Route 123, carries more high-end stores. <a href="/wiki/Tysons,_Virginia" title="Tysons, Virginia">Tysons</a> itself is the 12th-largest business district in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (September 2014)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other malls include <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Mall_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Mall (Virginia)">Springfield Mall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fair_Oaks_Mall" title="Fair Oaks Mall">Fair Oaks Mall</a>, Manassas Mall, <a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_Towne_Centre" title="Spotsylvania Towne Centre">Spotsylvania Towne Centre</a> which has a mall and a mixed-use retail and commercial area, and <a href="/wiki/The_Fashion_Centre_at_Pentagon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fashion Centre at Pentagon City">The Fashion Centre at Pentagon City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dulles_Town_Center" title="Dulles Town Center">Dulles Town Center</a> is the region's newest mall, serving the eastern <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun County</a> area. <a href="/wiki/Reston_Town_Center" title="Reston Town Center">Reston Town Center</a> is a high-density mixed-use retail, commercial, and residential development located just off the 267 Toll Road in <a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston</a>. <a href="/wiki/Potomac_Mills_(shopping_mall)" class="mw-redirect" title="Potomac Mills (shopping mall)">Potomac Mills</a>, located in Prince William County, is the largest <a href="/wiki/Outlet_mall" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlet mall">outlet mall</a> in the region. The town of <a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Virginia" title="Leesburg, Virginia">Leesburg</a> in Loudoun County contains the Leesburg Corner Premium Outlets outlet mall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreation">Recreation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Northern Virginia is home to many activities for families and individuals, including biking/walking trails, sports leagues, recreation facilities, museums, historic homes, and parks. </p><p>It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia_Swim_League" title="Northern Virginia Swim League">Northern Virginia Swim League</a>, which comprises 102 community pools, and NVSL-Dive, which is composed of 47 teams in Fairfax and Arlington counties. The swim and dive teams compete over the course of 5–6 weeks from the end of June through the first weekend in August. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Area_Council" title="National Capital Area Council">National Capital Area Council</a> operates in the Washington metropolitan area. It serves localities in the Washington D.C Metropolitan Area. In Northern Virginia, it has chapters and divisions that serve, Fairfax County, Loudoun County, Prince William County, Stafford County, Arlington County, the City of Alexandria, and the City of Fairfax. It also serves Caroline County, the City of Fredericksburg, and Spotsylvania County. </p><p>The National Capital Soccer League serves soccer leagues and associations in the Washington D.C Metropolitan Area. It includes Northern Virginia soccer associations in Fairfax County, Loudoun County, Prince William County, Stafford County, Arlington County, the City of Fredericksburg, the City of Alexandria, the City of Fairfax, and one soccer association in Culpeper County, Winchester, and Warrenton. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secession">Secession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Secession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Former Republican delegate <a href="/wiki/Jeannemarie_Devolites_Davis" title="Jeannemarie Devolites Davis">Jeannemarie Devolites Davis</a> expressed a common sentiment when she said "The formula for funding school construction in Northern Virginia requires that we pay 500 percent more than the actual cost of a project. We have to pay 500 percent because we give 400 percent away to the rest of the state." The state government's funding level for transportation projects in Northern Virginia is a perennial issue that often causes consternation from the region's politicians and citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonian_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonian-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many people consider the idea of secession a rhetorical one used to express frustration with the treatment of Northern Virginia by the state government as well as the opposing political sentiments between it and the rest of Virginia. Critics often point out that all states include regions of varying income and political discrepancies within their borders. Nevertheless, the Northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C., are often seen as an extension of the more urbanized Mid-Atlantic, north-east, and the Boston-Washington corridor, even though Virginia as a whole is considered a Southern state. This perception is especially fueled by the region's closeness to Washington, D.C., large numbers of Northern transplants, and the prevalence of both new immigrant communities and growing ethnic diversity. Nevertheless, there is no serious secessionist movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Northern_Virginia" title="Transportation in Northern Virginia">Transportation in Northern Virginia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Dulles_International_Airport" title="Dulles International Airport">Dulles International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport">Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Dulles_International_Airport_at_Dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Washington_Dulles_International_Airport_at_Dusk.jpg/220px-Washington_Dulles_International_Airport_at_Dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Washington_Dulles_International_Airport_at_Dusk.jpg/330px-Washington_Dulles_International_Airport_at_Dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Washington_Dulles_International_Airport_at_Dusk.jpg/440px-Washington_Dulles_International_Airport_at_Dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2750" data-file-height="1633" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dulles_International_Airport" title="Dulles International Airport">Dulles International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dulles,_Virginia" title="Dulles, Virginia">Dulles</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Airport_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/National_Airport_Station.jpg/220px-National_Airport_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/National_Airport_Station.jpg/330px-National_Airport_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/National_Airport_Station.jpg/440px-National_Airport_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport_station" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport station">Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport station</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport">Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Virginia" title="Crystal City, Virginia">Crystal City</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The area has two major airports, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport">Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Virginia" title="Crystal City, Virginia">Crystal City</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_the_United_States" title="List of the busiest airports in the United States">nation's 23rd-busiest airport by passenger traffic as of 2022</a> and the busiest airport in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dulles_International_Airport" title="Dulles International Airport">Dulles International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dulles,_Virginia" title="Dulles, Virginia">Dulles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in both passenger loadings and aircraft movements, and the 16th-busiest airport<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the nation by takeoffs and landings in 2007. Dulles is the region's primary international gateway, serves as a hub for <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>, and has recently improved its low-cost carrier offerings with the addition of multiple flights by <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Airlines" title="Southwest Airlines">Southwest</a> and <a href="/wiki/JetBlue" title="JetBlue">JetBlue</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subway_and_passenger_trains">Subway and passenger trains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Subway and passenger trains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Railway_Express" title="Virginia Railway Express">Virginia Railway Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a></div> <p>Commuters are served by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a> <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">subway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Railway_Express" title="Virginia Railway Express">Virginia Railway Express</a> (VRE), a commuter railroad. Metro is the second-busiest subway system in the nation after the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-apta_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apta-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Silver_Line_(Washington_Metro)" title="Silver Line (Washington Metro)">completed expansion project</a> extends the system past <a href="/wiki/Dulles_International_Airport" title="Dulles International Airport">Dulles International Airport</a> into <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudon County</a>. The VRE has two lines adjacent to I-66 and I-95 starting in Union Station and extending to <a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spotsylvania, Virginia">Spotsylvania</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2020)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> VRE service is significantly more limited, but nevertheless saw over a year of continuous ridership increase from 2007 into 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bus service is provided by WMATA's Metrobus and several local jurisdictions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highways">Highways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Washington metropolitan area has the worst traffic in the nation,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Northern Virginia is home to six of the ten worst <a href="/wiki/Traffic_bottleneck" title="Traffic bottleneck">bottlenecks</a> in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To alleviate gridlock, local governments encourage using Metrorail, <a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="High-occupancy vehicle">HOV</a>, carpooling, <a href="/wiki/Slugging" title="Slugging">slugging</a>, and other forms of mass transportation. Major limited- or partially limited-access highways include Interstates 495 (the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)">Capital Beltway</a>), <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 95 in Virginia">95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_395_(District_of_Columbia%E2%80%93Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 395 (District of Columbia–Virginia)">395</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_66" title="Interstate 66">66</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County_Parkway" title="Fairfax County Parkway">Fairfax County Parkway</a> and adjoining <a href="/wiki/Franconia%E2%80%93Springfield_Parkway" title="Franconia–Springfield Parkway">Franconia–Springfield Parkway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_267" title="Virginia State Route 267">Dulles Toll Road</a>. <a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="High-occupancy vehicle">High-occupancy vehicle</a> (HOV) lanes are used for commuters and buses on I-66, I-95/395, and the Dulles Toll Road. A study done by INRIX Roadway Analytics ranked Southbound I-95 from Washington D.C to the southern tip of Stafford County the worst single traffic hotspot in the nation. It also ranked Northbound I-95 from Spotsylvania County to the northern tip of Stafford County the seventh worst traffic hotspot in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Northern Virginia is also home to the Express Lanes. These express lanes are where a car has an <a href="/wiki/E-ZPass" title="E-ZPass">E-ZPass</a> transponder and is charged for riding a distance on the express lanes. They are currently being built on I-66, and are currently available on I-395, I-495 from the Springfield Interchange to Tysons Corner but are being extended to the <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>-Virginia border, and I-95 from the end of I-395 (Springfield Interchange) to central <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford County</a> and are being extended to <a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a>. </p><p>Two major regional bottlenecks, the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Interchange" title="Springfield Interchange">Springfield Interchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Bridge" title="Woodrow Wilson Bridge">Woodrow Wilson Bridge</a>, were massively reconstructed with completion in 2007 and 2008. Generally, Potomac River crossings remain major choke points; proposals to add crossings (such as near <a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Virginia" title="Leesburg, Virginia">Leesburg</a> or <a href="/wiki/Quantico,_Virginia" title="Quantico, Virginia">Quantico</a> as part of a long-proposed <a href="/wiki/Washington_Outer_Beltway" title="Washington Outer Beltway">Outer Beltway</a>) are opposed by Virginia communities near the suggested bridge sites, and by Marylanders who fear that new bridges would bring new housing development to green space in that state such as <a href="/wiki/Poolesville" class="mw-redirect" title="Poolesville">Poolesville</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Because of Northern Virginia's high housing costs, tens of thousands of employees there choose more affordable housing far away in outer Virginia exurban counties, or in <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Maryland" title="Southern Maryland">Southern Maryland</a>, thus creating tremendous traffic congestion on the Potomac bridges. This situation is much like metropolitan areas of California. Furthermore, Fairfax County localities such as <a href="/wiki/Great_Falls,_Virginia" title="Great Falls, Virginia">Great Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dranesville,_Virginia" title="Dranesville, Virginia">Dranesville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Virginia" title="Clifton, Virginia">Clifton</a> impose low-density, large-acreage residential zoning, which forces developers to leapfrog into Loudoun and Prince William counties to build housing, thus increasing commuters' driving distances. In recent years, developers have continued to develop in <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun County</a>, but have filled <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William County</a>, leading many developers to move south to <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford County</a>, where local government has been more receptive to developments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_education">Primary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Primary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County_Public_Schools" title="Fairfax County Public Schools">Fairfax County Public Schools</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GMU_fall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GMU_fall.JPG/220px-GMU_fall.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GMU_fall.JPG/330px-GMU_fall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GMU_fall.JPG/440px-GMU_fall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, the largest university in the state by student population with 40,185 as of 2022</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County_Public_Schools" title="Fairfax County Public Schools">public school system</a> includes the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_High_School_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology">Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology</a>, an award-winning <a href="/wiki/Magnet_school" title="Magnet school">magnet school</a>. As of 2021, 19 of the region's schools appear in the top 200 of <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s "America's Top Public High Schools", and Thomas Jefferson is ranked number one.<sup id="cite_ref-americatop_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americatop-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In comparison, Washington, D.C., Maryland, and the rest of Virginia have 10 schools between them in the top 200.<sup id="cite_ref-americatop_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americatop-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a>, is the largest public university in Virginia. </p><p>Other higher education institutions include <a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia_Community_College" title="Northern Virginia Community College">Northern Virginia Community College</a> (colloquially known as NOVA) in <a href="/wiki/Annandale,_Virginia" title="Annandale, Virginia">Annandale</a> (with several branch campuses throughout Northern Virginia), the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mary_Washington" title="University of Mary Washington">University of Mary Washington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry_College" title="Patrick Henry College">Patrick Henry College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Purcellville,_Virginia" title="Purcellville, Virginia">western Loudoun County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marymount_University" title="Marymount University">Marymount University</a> in north Arlington. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech" title="Virginia Tech">Virginia Tech</a> maintain a Center in <a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> has a campus in <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudon County</a>. <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a> Health Systems has a satellite campus in <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Inova_Health_System" title="Inova Health System">Inova Health System</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_partition_proposals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state partition proposals">List of U.S. state partition proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia_trolleys" title="Northern Virginia trolleys">Northern Virginia trolleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_primary" title="Potomac primary">Potomac primary</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">13 counties and seven independent cities within the Washington MSA or Washington-Baltimore CSA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk%2F">Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017, U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division</a> (Report). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Annual+Estimates+of+the+Resident+Population%3A+April+1%2C+2010+to+July+1%2C+2017%2C+U.S.+Census+Bureau%2C+Population+Division&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fsrc%3Dbkmk%252F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demographics.coopercenter.org/">"Demographics"</a>. <i>Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service</i>. <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403010146/https://demographics.coopercenter.org/">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weldon+Cooper+Center+for+Public+Service&rft.atitle=Demographics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemographics.coopercenter.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wwwcensusgov-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090625230912/http://www.factfinder.census.gov/home/saff/main.html?_lang=en">"American FactFinder"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+FactFinder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fhome%2Fsaff%2Fmain.html%3F_lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregg2016" class="citation news cs1">Gregg, Aaron (August 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/dcs-suburbs-are-becoming-one-of-americas-fastest-growing-employment-hubs/2016/08/19/c14f4cc4-6626-11e6-8b27-bb8ba39497a2_story.html">"D.C. suburbs becoming one of the country's fastest-growing employment hubs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Washington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826062834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/dcs-suburbs-are-becoming-one-of-americas-fastest-growing-employment-hubs/2016/08/19/c14f4cc4-6626-11e6-8b27-bb8ba39497a2_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes.com&rft.atitle=America%27s+Richest+Counties&rft.date=2008-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F22%2Fcounties-rich-income-forbeslife-cx_mw_0122realestate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206115215/http://www.usgs.gov/usgs-manual/handbook/hb/431-2-h/chap5.html">"USGS Correspondence Handbook"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Correspondence+Handbook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usgs.gov%2Fusgs-manual%2Fhandbook%2Fhb%2F431-2-h%2Fchap5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnston-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johnston_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnston_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnston_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnston_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnston_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2006" class="citation journal cs1">Johnston, Wilbur S. (2006). 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Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society, Winchester Printers, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Northern+Neck+in+Colonial+Context&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Wilbur+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Official Guide of Virginia's Northern Neck (2007), Northern Neck Tourism Council</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro/about/omb-bulletins.html">https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro/about/omb-bulletins.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329074403/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro/about/omb-bulletins.html">Archived</a> March 29, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> | OMB Bulletin No. 18-04, Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fortedwards.org-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fortedwards.org_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fortedwards.org_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fortedwards.org_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fortedwards.org_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fortedwards.org/fairfax.htm">"Thomas, Lord Fairfax"</a>. The Fort Edwards WebPage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110121061730/http://www.fortedwards.org/fairfax.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas%2C+Lord+Fairfax&rft.pub=The+Fort+Edwards+WebPage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fortedwards.org%2Ffairfax.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_dEJAAAAIAAJ&dq=colepepper+spencer+governors+virginia&pg=PA107">Grant of the Office of Lieutenant and Governor-General</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220032648/https://books.google.com/books?id=_dEJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=colepepper+spencer+governors+virginia&source=web&ots=GJiCfGZPrc&sig=oA0YfZA_6kTyeP5lVmGMrCX5u50&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result">Archived</a> February 20, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, June 21, 1675, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, Great Britain Public Record Office, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1896</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_dEJAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22nicholas+spencer%22+governor+colepepper&pg=PA107">Letter from Nicholas Spencer to Secretary Thomas Coventry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220032648/https://books.google.com/books?id=_dEJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=%22nicholas+spencer%22+governor+colepepper&source=web&ots=GJiCfGQRt9&sig=nDyujqI3ZZKiFciaHHg5BoEtaNs&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PRA2-PA689,M1">Archived</a> February 20, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, August 20, 1680, reporting news of Culpeper's departure from Virginia, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, Great Britain Public Record Office, Whitehall, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1890</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historycolonyan00campgoog">"History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia ..."</a> J. B. Lippincott & co. October 5, 1860 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Colony+and+Ancient+Dominion+of+Virginia+...&rft.pub=J.+B.+Lippincott+%26+co.&rft.date=1860-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorycolonyan00campgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ftZGKjweBUgC&dq=colpepper+nicholas+spencer+virginia&pg=RA1-PA370">Letters of William Fitzhugh</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220032648/https://books.google.com/books?id=ftZGKjweBUgC&pg=RA1-PA370&lpg=RA1-PA370&dq=colpepper+nicholas+spencer+virginia&source=web&ots=S3e4BIU0nU&sig=xVgGDnvHcb-G-NwG56MlhoHczqc&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result">Archived</a> February 20, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography</i>, Vol. II, The Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, 1895</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-virginiaplaces.org-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-virginiaplaces.org_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-virginiaplaces.org_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-virginiaplaces.org_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virginiaplaces.org/settleland/fairfaxgrant.html">"The Fairfax Grant"</a>. Virginia Places. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012195450/http://www.virginiaplaces.org/settleland/fairfaxgrant.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fairfax+Grant&rft.pub=Virginia+Places&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virginiaplaces.org%2Fsettleland%2Ffairfaxgrant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrymes" class="citation web cs1">Grymes, Charles A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virginiaplaces.org/settleland/fairfaxgrant.html">"The Fairfax Grant"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012195450/http://www.virginiaplaces.org/settleland/fairfaxgrant.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fairfax+Grant&rft.aulast=Grymes&rft.aufirst=Charles+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virginiaplaces.org%2Fsettleland%2Ffairfaxgrant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-records-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-records_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001054056/http://www.hrl.lib.state.va.us/handley/archives/Fairfax%20Land%20Records%20pathfinder.htm">"Lord Fairfax Land Records"</a>. Handley Regional Library: Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrl.lib.state.va.us/handley/archives/Fairfax%20Land%20Records%20pathfinder.htm">the original</a> on October 1, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lord+Fairfax+Land+Records&rft.place=Handley+Regional+Library&rft.pub=Winchester-Frederick+County+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrl.lib.state.va.us%2Fhandley%2Farchives%2FFairfax%2520Land%2520Records%2520pathfinder.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jdr_library-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jdr_library_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/cw/viwc00324.document">"A Guide to the Lord Thomas Fairfax land grant to Robert Carter"</a>. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation's John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101110035538/http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/cw/viwc00324.document">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Lord+Thomas+Fairfax+land+grant+to+Robert+Carter&rft.pub=Colonial+Williamsburg+Foundation%27s+John+D.+Rockefeller+Jr.+Library&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fead.lib.virginia.edu%2Fvivaead%2Fpublished%2Fcw%2Fviwc00324.document&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/92/130.html">"Phillips v. Payne, 92 U.S. 130"</a>. <i>FindLaw</i>. 1875. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308051235/http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/92/130.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FindLaw&rft.atitle=Phillips+v.+Payne%2C+92+U.S.+130&rft.date=1875&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaselaw.findlaw.com%2Fus-supreme-court%2F92%2F130.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.richmond.edu/secession/visualizations/vote-maps.html">"Virginia Convention of 1861 - Civil War Collections - University of Richmond"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104144602/http://collections.richmond.edu/secession/visualizations/vote-maps.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virginia+Convention+of+1861+-+Civil+War+Collections+-+University+of+Richmond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.richmond.edu%2Fsecession%2Fvisualizations%2Fvote-maps.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boon-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boon_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boon_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boon_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080406003913/http://www.washingtonindependent.com/view/economy-crumbles">"War on Terror a Boon For Virginia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washingtonindependent.com/view/economy-crumbles">the original</a> on April 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=War+on+Terror+a+Boon+For+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwashingtonindependent.com%2Fview%2Feconomy-crumbles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbescustom.com/EconomicDevelopmentPgs/NorthernVirginiaP1.html">"Northern Virginia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100228063309/http://www.forbescustom.com/EconomicDevelopmentPgs/NorthernVirginiaP1.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northern+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbescustom.com%2FEconomicDevelopmentPgs%2FNorthernVirginiaP1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bamford-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bamford_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBamford2009" class="citation book cs1">Bamford, James (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8zJmxWNTxrwC&pg=PA187"><i>The Shadow Factory: The Ultra-secret NSA from 9/11 to the Eavesdropping on America</i></a>. Random House. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307279392" title="Special:BookSources/9780307279392"><bdi>9780307279392</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shadow+Factory%3A+The+Ultra-secret+NSA+from+9%2F11+to+the+Eavesdropping+on+America&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780307279392&rft.aulast=Bamford&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8zJmxWNTxrwC%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2009" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Rich (June 9, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2009/06/09/the-internets-busiest-intersection">"The Internet's Busiest Intersection"</a>. <i>Data Center Knowledge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208205815/https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2009/06/09/the-internets-busiest-intersection/">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Data+Center+Knowledge&rft.atitle=The+Internet%27s+Busiest+Intersection&rft.date=2009-06-09&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datacenterknowledge.com%2Farchives%2F2009%2F06%2F09%2Fthe-internets-busiest-intersection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-louddata1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-louddata1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-louddata1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connell2014" class="citation news cs1">O'Connell, Jonathan (January 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/data-centers-boom-in-loudoun-county-but-jobs-arent-following/2014/01/17/b4a704c8-7f0e-11e3-93c1-0e888170b723_story.html">"Data centers boom in Loudoun County, but jobs are not following"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125204543/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/data-centers-boom-in-loudoun-county-but-jobs-arent-following/2014/01/17/b4a704c8-7f0e-11e3-93c1-0e888170b723_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Data+centers+boom+in+Loudoun+County%2C+but+jobs+are+not+following&rft.date=2014-01-17&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Fcapitalbusiness%2Fdata-centers-boom-in-loudoun-county-but-jobs-arent-following%2F2014%2F01%2F17%2Fb4a704c8-7f0e-11e3-93c1-0e888170b723_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novaregion.org/">"Northern Virginia Regional Commission - Website | Official Website"</a>. <i>www.novaregion.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200403223133/https://www.novaregion.org/">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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United States Election Atlas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604224433/http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Election+Results+%E2%80%93+Virginia&rft.pub=United+States+Election+Atlas&rft.au=Leip%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tysons Regional Chamber of Commerce, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tysonschamber.org/our-community/,">"Our Community"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107164923/http://www.tysonschamber.org/our-community/,">Archived</a> January 7, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washingtonian-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washingtonian_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Lindsay, Drew (November 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/9947.html">"Will Northern Virginia Become the 51st State?"</a>. <i>The Washingtonian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319233113/http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/9947.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washingtonian&rft.atitle=Will+Northern+Virginia+Become+the+51st+State%3F&rft.date=2008-11-01&rft.aulast=Lindsay&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonian.com%2Farticles%2Fpeople%2F9947.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAratani2017" class="citation news cs1">Aratani, Lori (April 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/bwi-reagan-national-airports-set-records-for-passenger-traffic/2017/04/01/276d5d0c-1572-11e7-ada0-1489b735b3a3_story.html">"BWI, Reagan National airports set records for passenger traffic - the Washington Post"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803054752/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/bwi-reagan-national-airports-set-records-for-passenger-traffic/2017/04/01/276d5d0c-1572-11e7-ada0-1489b735b3a3_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=BWI%2C+Reagan+National+airports+set+records+for+passenger+traffic+-+the+Washington+Post&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft.aulast=Aratani&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Ftrafficandcommuting%2Fbwi-reagan-national-airports-set-records-for-passenger-traffic%2F2017%2F04%2F01%2F276d5d0c-1572-11e7-ada0-1489b735b3a3_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080605061605/http://www.faa.gov/news/updates/busiest_airports/index.cfm?airportType=All&year=2007">"FAA - Top 50 Busiest U.S. Airports for 2007 – All Airports"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/news/updates/busiest_airports/index.cfm?airportType%3DAll%26year%3D2007">the original</a> on June 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAA+-+Top+50+Busiest+U.S.+Airports+for+2007+%E2%80%93+All+Airports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fnews%2Fupdates%2Fbusiest_airports%2Findex.cfm%3FairportType%253DAll%2526year%253D2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apta-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apta_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson2008" class="citation web cs1">Dawson, Christie (December 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206112918/http://www.apta.com/research/stats/ridership/riderep/documents/08q3hr.pdf">"Heavy Rail Rapid Transit Ridership Report, Third Quarter 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Public Transportation Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apta.com/research/stats/ridership/riderep/documents/08q3hr.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 6, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heavy+Rail+Rapid+Transit+Ridership+Report%2C+Third+Quarter+2008&rft.pub=American+Public+Transportation+Association&rft.date=2008-12-04&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Christie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apta.com%2Fresearch%2Fstats%2Fridership%2Friderep%2Fdocuments%2F08q3hr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Railway_Express" title="Virginia Railway Express">Virginia Railway Express</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannon2008" class="citation news cs1">Hannon, Kelly (October 11, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109194546/http://fredericksburg.com/News/FLS/2008/102008/10112008/417108">"Fredericksburg.com – VRE riders breaking records"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fredericksburg.com/News/FLS/2008/102008/10112008/417108">the original</a> on January 9, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fredericksburg.com+%E2%80%93+VRE+riders+breaking+records&rft.date=2008-10-11&rft.aulast=Hannon&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffredericksburg.com%2FNews%2FFLS%2F2008%2F102008%2F10112008%2F417108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrull2011" class="citation web cs1">Trull, Armando (September 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111201093751/http://wamu.org/news/morning_edition/11/09/27/dc_area_has_worst_traffic_in_us">"D.C. Area Has Worst Traffic in U.S"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wamu.org/news/morning_edition/11/09/27/dc_area_has_worst_traffic_in_us">the original</a> on December 1, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D.C.+Area+Has+Worst+Traffic+in+U.S&rft.date=2011-09-27&rft.aulast=Trull&rft.aufirst=Armando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwamu.org%2Fnews%2Fmorning_edition%2F11%2F09%2F27%2Fdc_area_has_worst_traffic_in_us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEssley2011" class="citation news cs1">Essley, Liz (December 2, 2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/top-10-the-worst-traffic-bottlenecks-in-the-washington-area/article/153097">"Top 10: The worst traffic bottlenecks in the Washington area"</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630182414/http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/top-10-the-worst-traffic-bottlenecks-in-the-washington-area/article/153097">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Top+10%3A+The+worst+traffic+bottlenecks+in+the+Washington+area&rft.date=2011-12-02&rft.aulast=Essley&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Ftop-10-the-worst-traffic-bottlenecks-in-the-washington-area%2Farticle%2F153097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShenk2017" class="citation news cs1">Shenk, Scott (September 27, 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fredericksburg.com/news/transportation/d-c--to-stafford-stretch-of-i-95-tabbed-worst-traffic-hotspot-in-u/article_b094fa03-527a-5826-bba5-de7e24810b69.html">"D.C.-to-Stafford stretch of I–95 tabbed worst traffic hotspot in U.S."</a></span>. <i>Fredericksburg.com</i>. The Free Lance-Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005172128/https://fredericksburg.com/news/transportation/d-c--to-stafford-stretch-of-i-95-tabbed-worst-traffic-hotspot-in-u/article_b094fa03-527a-5826-bba5-de7e24810b69.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fredericksburg.com&rft.atitle=D.C.-to-Stafford+stretch+of+I%E2%80%9395+tabbed+worst+traffic+hotspot+in+U.S.&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft.aulast=Shenk&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffredericksburg.com%2Fnews%2Ftransportation%2Fd-c--to-stafford-stretch-of-i-95-tabbed-worst-traffic-hotspot-in-u%2Farticle_b094fa03-527a-5826-bba5-de7e24810b69.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-americatop-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-americatop_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-americatop_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/topic/high-schools">"High Schools news & latest pictures from Newsweek.com"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005172125/https://www.newsweek.com/topic/high-schools">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=High+Schools+news+%26+latest+pictures+from+Newsweek.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Ftopic%2Fhigh-schools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001004238/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997688-1,00.html">D.C. Dotcom</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baconsrebellion.com/Issues03/08-11/Northern_virginia.htm">Where is Northern Virginia?</a> <i>Bacon's Rebellion</i> (2003)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/15/AR2006111501395.html">So Close, Yet So Far Apart</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211194610/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1587284%2C00.html">The Federal Job Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/9947.html">Will Northern Virginia Become the 51st State?</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washingtonian_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Washingtonian (magazine)">The Washingtonian</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timshorrock.com/?p=710">The Corporate Intelligence Community: A Photo Exclusive</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tim_Shorrock" title="Tim Shorrock">Tim Shorrock</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://projects.washingtonpost.com/top-secret-america/">[1]</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Virginia&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Northern Virginia</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Northern_Virginia" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Northern Virginia">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Northern_Virginia" class="extiw" title="voy:Northern Virginia">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596021" class="extiw" title="d:Q596021">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novaregion.org">Northern Virginia Regional Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenovaauthority.org/">Northern Virginia Transportation Authority</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_of_Virginia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virginia" title="Template:Virginia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virginia" title="Template talk:Virginia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_of_Virginia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Virginia-related_articles" title="Index of Virginia-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Virginia" title="Outline of Virginia">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Virginia" title="Administrative divisions of Virginia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Virginia" title="Climate of Virginia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_congressional_districts" title="Virginia's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Virginia" title="United States congressional delegations from Virginia">Delegations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Virginia" title="List of United States representatives from Virginia">Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Virginia" title="Environment of Virginia">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_furniture" title="Virginia furniture">Furniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Virginia" title="Government of Virginia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_houses_in_Virginia" title="List of historic houses in Virginia">Historic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Virginia" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia">Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Virginia" title="History of Virginia">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Families_of_Virginia" title="First Families of Virginia">First Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Virginia" title="History of slavery in Virginia">Slavery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Virginia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Virginia" title="Housing in Virginia">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Virginia" title="Law of Virginia">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Virginia" title="Gun laws in Virginia">Gun laws in Virginia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Virginia">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Virginia" title="Music of Virginia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Virginia" title="List of people from Virginia">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Declaration_of_Rights" title="Virginia Declaration of Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Virginia" title="List of rivers of Virginia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Virginia" title="Scouting in Virginia">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_is_for_Lovers" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia is for Lovers">Slogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_teams_in_Virginia" title="Sports teams in Virginia">Sports teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Fair_of_Virginia" title="State Fair of Virginia">State Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Virginia_state_parks" title="List of Virginia state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Virginia_state_symbols" title="List of Virginia state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Virginia" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Virginia">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Virginia" title="Transportation in Virginia">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_tribes_in_Virginia" title="Native American tribes in Virginia">Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Virginia" title="Culture of Virginia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Virginia" title="Abortion in Virginia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Virginia" title="Crime in Virginia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Virginia" title="Demographics of Virginia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Virginia" title="Economy of Virginia">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Virginia" title="Education in Virginia">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Virginia" title="List of colleges and universities in Virginia">Colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Virginia" title="List of newspapers in Virginia">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Virginia" title="List of radio stations in Virginia">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Virginia" title="List of television stations in Virginia">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Virginia" title="Politics of Virginia">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Virginia" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains" title="Allegheny Mountains">Allegheny Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_coastal_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic coastal plain">Atlantic Coastal Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Mountains" title="Cumberland Mountains">Cumberland Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmarva_Peninsula" title="Delmarva Peninsula">Delmarva Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shore_of_Virginia" title="Eastern Shore of Virginia">Eastern Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Peninsula" title="Middle Peninsula">Middle Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Neck" title="Northern Neck">Northern Neck</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northern Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_region_of_Virginia" title="Piedmont region of Virginia">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Hampton_Roads" title="South Hampton Roads">South Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_(Virginia)" title="Southside (Virginia)">Southside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Virginia" title="Southwest Virginia">Southwest Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley" title="Tennessee Valley">Tennessee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidewater_(region)" title="Tidewater (region)">Tidewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Cities,_Virginia" title="Tri-Cities, Virginia">Tri-Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Peninsula" title="Virginia Peninsula">Virginia Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Virginia" title="Western Virginia">Western Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_statistical_areas" title="Virginia statistical areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blacksburg%E2%80%93Christiansburg_metropolitan_area" title="Blacksburg–Christiansburg metropolitan area">Blacksburg-Christiansburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefield_micropolitan_area" title="Bluefield micropolitan area">Bluefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsport%E2%80%93Bristol%E2%80%93Bristol,_Tennessee-Virginia_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia_metropolitan_area" title="Charlottesville, Virginia metropolitan area">Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia_micropolitan_area" title="Danville, Virginia micropolitan area">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg_metropolitan_area" title="Harrisonburg metropolitan area">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg_metropolitan_area" title="Lynchburg metropolitan area">Lynchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia_micropolitan_area" title="Martinsville, Virginia micropolitan area">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Greater Richmond Region">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_metropolitan_area" title="Roanoke metropolitan area">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton%E2%80%93Waynesboro_metropolitan_area" title="Staunton–Waynesboro metropolitan area">Staunton-Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington-Arlington-Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_VA%E2%80%93WV_MSA" title="Winchester, VA–WV MSA">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_counties_in_Virginia" title="List of cities and counties in Virginia">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accomack_County,_Virginia" title="Accomack County, Virginia">Accomack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albemarle_County,_Virginia" title="Albemarle County, Virginia">Albemarle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleghany_County,_Virginia" title="Alleghany County, Virginia">Alleghany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_County,_Virginia" title="Amelia County, Virginia">Amelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amherst_County,_Virginia" title="Amherst County, Virginia">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_County,_Virginia" title="Appomattox County, Virginia">Appomattox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_County,_Virginia" title="Augusta County, Virginia">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_County,_Virginia" title="Bath County, Virginia">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_County,_Virginia" title="Bedford County, Virginia">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bland_County,_Virginia" title="Bland County, Virginia">Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botetourt_County,_Virginia" title="Botetourt County, Virginia">Botetourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_County,_Virginia" title="Brunswick County, Virginia">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_County,_Virginia" title="Buchanan County, Virginia">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_County,_Virginia" title="Buckingham County, Virginia">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_Virginia" title="Campbell County, Virginia">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_County,_Virginia" title="Caroline County, Virginia">Caroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Virginia" title="Carroll County, Virginia">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_City_County,_Virginia" title="Charles City County, Virginia">Charles City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_County,_Virginia" title="Charlotte County, Virginia">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Virginia" title="Clarke County, Virginia">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_County,_Virginia" title="Craig County, Virginia">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culpeper_County,_Virginia" title="Culpeper County, Virginia">Culpeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Cumberland County, Virginia">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickenson_County,_Virginia" title="Dickenson County, Virginia">Dickenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinwiddie_County,_Virginia" title="Dinwiddie County, Virginia">Dinwiddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Virginia" title="Essex County, Virginia">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia" title="Fauquier County, Virginia">Fauquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_County,_Virginia" title="Floyd County, Virginia">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvanna_County,_Virginia" title="Fluvanna County, Virginia">Fluvanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Virginia" title="Franklin County, Virginia">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Frederick County, Virginia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_County,_Virginia" title="Giles County, Virginia">Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_County,_Virginia" title="Gloucester County, Virginia">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goochland_County,_Virginia" title="Goochland County, Virginia">Goochland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayson_County,_Virginia" title="Grayson County, Virginia">Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Virginia" title="Greene County, Virginia">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensville_County,_Virginia" title="Greensville County, Virginia">Greensville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_County,_Virginia" title="Halifax County, Virginia">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia" title="Hanover County, Virginia">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Virginia" title="Henry County, Virginia">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_County,_Virginia" title="Highland County, Virginia">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_County,_Virginia" title="Isle of Wight County, Virginia">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_City_County,_Virginia" title="James City County, Virginia">James City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_Queen_County,_Virginia" title="King and Queen County, Virginia">King and Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_County,_Virginia" title="King George County, Virginia">King George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_William_County,_Virginia" title="King William County, Virginia">King William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Virginia" title="Lancaster County, Virginia">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Virginia" title="Lee County, Virginia">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_County,_Virginia" title="Louisa County, Virginia">Louisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg_County,_Virginia" title="Lunenburg County, Virginia">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Virginia" title="Madison County, Virginia">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_County,_Virginia" title="Mathews County, Virginia">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg_County,_Virginia" title="Mecklenburg County, Virginia">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Virginia" title="Middlesex County, Virginia">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Virginia" title="Montgomery County, Virginia">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_County,_Virginia" title="Nelson County, Virginia">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kent_County,_Virginia" title="New Kent County, Virginia">New Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_County,_Virginia" title="Northampton County, Virginia">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Northumberland County, Virginia">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottoway_County,_Virginia" title="Nottoway County, Virginia">Nottoway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Virginia" title="Orange County, Virginia">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_County,_Virginia" title="Page County, Virginia">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_County,_Virginia" title="Patrick County, Virginia">Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Pittsylvania County, Virginia">Pittsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan_County,_Virginia" title="Powhatan County, Virginia">Powhatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Virginia" title="Prince Edward County, Virginia">Prince Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_County,_Virginia" title="Prince George County, Virginia">Prince George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Virginia" title="Pulaski County, Virginia">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rappahannock_County,_Virginia" title="Rappahannock County, Virginia">Rappahannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_Virginia" title="Richmond County, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_County,_Virginia" title="Roanoke County, Virginia">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockbridge_County,_Virginia" title="Rockbridge County, Virginia">Rockbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockingham_County,_Virginia" title="Rockingham County, Virginia">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_County,_Virginia" title="Russell County, Virginia">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Virginia" title="Scott County, Virginia">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_County,_Virginia" title="Shenandoah County, Virginia">Shenandoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyth_County,_Virginia" title="Smyth County, Virginia">Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_County,_Virginia" title="Southampton County, Virginia">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania County, Virginia">Spotsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surry_County,_Virginia" title="Surry County, Virginia">Surry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Virginia" title="Sussex County, Virginia">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazewell_County,_Virginia" title="Tazewell County, Virginia">Tazewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Virginia" title="Warren County, Virginia">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Virginia" title="Washington County, Virginia">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Virginia" title="Westmoreland County, Virginia">Westmoreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wise_County,_Virginia" title="Wise County, Virginia">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wythe_County,_Virginia" title="Wythe County, Virginia">Wythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_County,_Virginia" title="York County, Virginia">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)#Virginia" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Virginia" title="Bristol, Virginia">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista,_Virginia" title="Buena Vista, Virginia">Buena Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Heights,_Virginia" title="Colonial Heights, Virginia">Colonial Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Virginia" title="Covington, Virginia">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia" title="Danville, Virginia">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporia,_Virginia" title="Emporia, Virginia">Emporia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Virginia" title="Franklin, Virginia">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galax,_Virginia" title="Galax, Virginia">Galax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia" title="Harrisonburg, Virginia">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell,_Virginia" title="Hopewell, Virginia">Hopewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Virginia" title="Lexington, Virginia">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia" title="Martinsville, Virginia">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton,_Virginia" title="Norton, Virginia">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poquoson,_Virginia" title="Poquoson, Virginia">Poquoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radford,_Virginia" title="Radford, Virginia">Radford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Virginia" title="Salem, Virginia">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton,_Virginia" title="Staunton, Virginia">Staunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk,_Virginia" title="Suffolk, Virginia">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waynesboro,_Virginia" title="Waynesboro, Virginia">Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Virginia" title="Portal:Virginia">Virginia portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northern_Virginia&params=38_51_45_N_77_20_42_W_region:US-VA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°51′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°20′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.86250°N 77.34500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.86250; -77.34500</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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