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id="toc-Organiser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organiser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Organiser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organiser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Columnist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Columnist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Columnist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Columnist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_personality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_personality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Television personality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_personality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magazine_editor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazine_editor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Magazine editor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magazine_editor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Author" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Author"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Author</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Author-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Working_for_Korchnoi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Working_for_Korchnoi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Working for Korchnoi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Working_for_Korchnoi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Working_for_Karpov" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Working_for_Karpov"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Working for Karpov</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Working_for_Karpov-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_plagiarism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_plagiarism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="mw-page-title-main">Raymond Keene</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene" title="Raymond Keene – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Raymond Keene" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene" title="Raymond Keene – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Raymond Keene" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene" title="Raymond Keene – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Raymond Keene" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene" title="Raymond Keene – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Raymond Keene" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene" title="Raymond Keene – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raymond Keene" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reimonds_K%C4%ABns" title="Reimonds Kīns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reimonds Kīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="رايموند كين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رايموند كين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene" title="Raymond Keene – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Raymond Keene" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene" title="Raymond Keene – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Raymond Keene" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Raymond Keene<br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of the British Empire">OBE</a></span></span></span></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Raymond_Keene_1985_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Raymond_Keene_1985_%282%29.jpg/220px-Raymond_Keene_1985_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Raymond_Keene_1985_%282%29.jpg/330px-Raymond_Keene_1985_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Raymond_Keene_1985_%282%29.jpg/440px-Raymond_Keene_1985_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="845" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Keene in 1985</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full name</th><td class="infobox-data">Raymond Dennis Keene</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data adr">England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1948-01-29</span>) </span>29 January 1948<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 76)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a> (1976)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players_by_peak_FIDE_rating" title="List of chess players by peak FIDE rating">Peak rating</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2510 (January 1977)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peak ranking</th><td class="infobox-data">No. 66 (January 1982)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Raymond Dennis Keene</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">OBE</a></span></span> (born 29 January 1948) is an English <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">grandmaster</a>, a <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Arbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="International Arbiter">International Arbiter</a>, a chess organiser, and a journalist and author.<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordCompanion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won the <a href="/wiki/British_Chess_Championship" title="British Chess Championship">British Chess Championship</a> in 1971 and was the first player from England to earn a <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_norm" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandmaster norm">Grandmaster norm</a>, in 1974. In 1976, he became the second Englishman (following <a href="/wiki/Tony_Miles" title="Tony Miles">Tony Miles</a>) to be awarded the Grandmaster title, and he was the second British chess player to beat an incumbent World Chess Champion (following <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Penrose" title="Jonathan Penrose">Jonathan Penrose</a>'s defeat of <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tal" title="Mikhail Tal">Mikhail Tal</a> in 1961). He represented <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> in eight <a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiads</a>. </p><p>Keene retired from competitive play in 1986 at the age of thirty-eight and is now better known as a chess organiser, columnist and author. He was involved in organising the <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1986" title="World Chess Championship 1986">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993" title="World Chess Championship 1993">1993</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2000" title="Classical World Chess Championship 2000">2000</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="World Chess Championships">World Chess Championships</a>; and the 1997, 1998 and 1999 <a href="/wiki/Mind_Sports_Organisation" title="Mind Sports Organisation">Mind Sports Olympiads</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-mso_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mso-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all held in London. He was the chess correspondent of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> from 1985 to November 2019, and is a prolific author, having written over 200 books on chess and mind games. He was appointed an <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of the British Empire">Officer of the Order of the British Empire</a> (OBE) for services to chess in the <a href="/wiki/1985_Birthday_Honours" title="1985 Birthday Honours">1985 Birthday Honours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chess_career">Chess career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chess career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keene won the London and British Under 18 Championships (shared with Brian Denman) in 1964,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represented England at the 1965 and 1967 <a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">World Junior Chess Championships</a>, held in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> respectively. At the latter event he took the silver medal, finishing behind <a href="/wiki/Julio_Kaplan" title="Julio Kaplan">Julio Kaplan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Dulwich_College" title="Dulwich College">Dulwich College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> (where he studied modern languages and graduated with an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>). Keene wrote his first chess book whilst studying at Cambridge, and won the <a href="/wiki/British_Chess_Championship" title="British Chess Championship">British Chess Championship</a> at <a href="/wiki/Blackpool" title="Blackpool">Blackpool</a> 1971. As a result, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/International_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="International Master">International Master</a> title in 1972, the first English player to achieve this since <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Penrose" title="Jonathan Penrose">Jonathan Penrose</a> in 1961. In 1974, Keene married Annette, the sister of International Master <a href="/wiki/David_S._Goodman" class="mw-redirect" title="David S. Goodman">David S. Goodman</a>. They have one son, Alexander, born in 1991. </p><p>Keene was the second British player to meet the necessary requirements to become a <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a>. He was pipped to the post by a few months by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Miles" title="Tony Miles">Tony Miles</a>, the first British Grandmaster in 1976. Both he and Miles won financial prizes for this feat. </p><p>Miles and Keene were at the forefront of the English chess explosion of the next 20 years, and they were followed by other British grandmasters such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stean" title="Michael Stean">Michael Stean</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Nunn" title="John Nunn">John Nunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Speelman" title="Jon Speelman">Jon Speelman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mestel" title="Jonathan Mestel">Jonathan Mestel</a>. </p><p>Keene represented England for nearly two decades in international team events, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/17th_Chess_Olympiad" title="17th Chess Olympiad">1966 Chess Olympiad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> at age 18. He followed with the next seven straight Olympiads: <a href="/wiki/18th_Chess_Olympiad" title="18th Chess Olympiad">Lugano 1968</a>, <a href="/wiki/19th_Chess_Olympiad" title="19th Chess Olympiad">Siegen 1970</a>, <a href="/wiki/20th_Chess_Olympiad" title="20th Chess Olympiad">Skopje 1972</a>, <a href="/wiki/21st_Chess_Olympiad" title="21st Chess Olympiad">Nice 1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/22nd_Chess_Olympiad" title="22nd Chess Olympiad">Haifa 1976</a>, <a href="/wiki/23rd_Chess_Olympiad" title="23rd Chess Olympiad">Buenos Aires 1978</a>, and <a href="/wiki/24th_Chess_Olympiad" title="24th Chess Olympiad">La Valletta 1980</a>. His individual performances at Lugano and Haifa merited bronze medals (although individual medals were not, in fact, awarded at Haifa<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and he was undefeated in three Olympiads – these two and Siegen. His later performances, though, were less impressive, with just two draws from four games at Buenos Aires and losses in both his games at La Valletta.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He represented England four times at the Students' Olympiad (<a href="/wiki/%C3%96rebro" title="Örebro">Örebro</a> 1966, <a href="/wiki/Harrachov" title="Harrachov">Harrachov</a> 1967, <a href="/wiki/Ybbs" title="Ybbs">Ybbs</a> 1968 and <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> 1969) and four times at the <a href="/wiki/European_Team_Chess_Championship" title="European Team Chess Championship">European Team Championships</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a> 1973, Moscow 1977, <a href="/wiki/Skara" title="Skara">Skara</a> 1980 and <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a> 1983). At Skara he won both a bronze medal with the team and the individual gold medal for the best score on his board. </p><p>Keene won the 1971 British championship and shared second place on three occasions, in 1968, 1970 and 1972. His tournament victories include <a href="/wiki/Hastings_International_Chess_Congress" title="Hastings International Chess Congress">Hastings Challengers 1966</a>, Slater Challenge <a href="/wiki/Southend" class="mw-redirect" title="Southend">Southend</a> 1968, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> 1973, <a href="/wiki/Woolacombe" title="Woolacombe">Woolacombe</a> 1973, Capablanca Memorial (Master Group) 1974, <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a> 1977, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> 1979, <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> 1980, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> 1980, Lloyds Bank Masters 1981, <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> 1983 and <a href="/wiki/La_Valletta" class="mw-redirect" title="La Valletta">La Valletta</a> 1985. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playing_style">Playing style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Playing style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keene's playing style tended toward the strategically original and positional. Strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Aron_Nimzowitsch" title="Aron Nimzowitsch">Aron Nimzowitsch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_R%C3%A9ti" title="Richard Réti">Richard Réti</a>, he accordingly preferred hypermodern openings such as the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Defence">Modern Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nimzo-Indian_Defence" title="Nimzo-Indian Defence">Nimzo-Indian Defence</a> and <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Defence" title="King's Indian Defence">King's Indian Defence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chess-related_work">Chess-related work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chess-related work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organiser">Organiser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organiser"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keene worked as a chess event organiser. He was the originator and organiser of the annual <a href="/wiki/Howard_Staunton" title="Howard Staunton">Staunton</a> memorial chess tournaments, one of the few regular events for masters held in London.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Oxford Companion</i> comments: "By a combination of ability and shrewdness, Keene has attracted considerable <a href="/wiki/Sponsorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Sponsorship">sponsorship</a> and has proved himself capable of efficient and rapid organisation of chess events".<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordCompanion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>p196</sup> </p><p>Keene brought <a href="/wiki/Victor_Korchnoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Korchnoi">Victor Korchnoi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov">Garry Kasparov</a> together for their 1983 <a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates'</a> semi-final match in London as part of the <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="World Chess Championship 1984">1984 World Championship cycle</a>; the semi-final match between <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Smyslov" title="Vasily Smyslov">Vasily Smyslov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Ribli" title="Zoltán Ribli">Zoltán Ribli</a> was also played at the same site. He organised the 1984 <a href="/wiki/Russia_(USSR)_vs_Rest_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia (USSR) vs Rest of the World">Russia (USSR) vs Rest of the World</a> match in London within two weeks, enabling the event to go ahead on time after the previous plans had fallen through, described by <a href="/wiki/John_Nunn" title="John Nunn">John Nunn</a> as "a magnificent organisational achievement at such short notice."<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordCompanion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Keene has also been involved in organising several World Championship finals matches. He arranged for the first half of the <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1986" title="World Chess Championship 1986">World Chess Championship 1986</a> return match between Kasparov and <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Karpov</a> in London. The match, however, made a loss for the <a href="/wiki/English_Chess_Federation" title="English Chess Federation">British Chess Federation</a> (BCF) and, for reasons never clarified, he resigned from his position in the BCF shortly afterwards. He organised the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Professional_Chess_Association" title="Professional Chess Association">PCA</a> World Championship match between Kasparov and <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Short" title="Nigel Short">Nigel Short</a> in London, for which he was one of the official commentators along with Grandmasters <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Speelman" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Speelman">Jonathan Speelman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._King" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel J. King">Daniel King</a>. He was the instrumental force behind 'Brain Games', which organized the <a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2000" title="Classical World Chess Championship 2000">World Championship match in 2000</a> between Kasparov and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kramnik" title="Vladimir Kramnik">Vladimir Kramnik</a>. Following the match, however, he retained the trophy in lieu of money he believed he was owed by the collapse of Brain Games: Kramnik did not receive it until 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brain Games later collapsed in controversial circumstances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Columnist">Columnist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Columnist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keene became the chess columnist of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i> in March 1977. His column was terminated in September 2019, when he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Luke_McShane" title="Luke McShane">Luke McShane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the retirement of <a href="/wiki/Harry_Golombek" title="Harry Golombek">Harry Golombek</a>, Keene was appointed the chess correspondent of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> in 1985. In November 2019 he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/David_Howell_(chess_player)" title="David Howell (chess player)">David Howell</a>. In December 1996 he became the chess columnist of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Times">Sunday Times</a></i>. In August 2017 he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/David_Howell_(chess_player)" title="David Howell (chess player)">David Howell</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_personality">Television personality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Television personality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keene has appeared on television. He covered the world championships of 1981, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1993, and 1995 for BBC 2, CHANNEL 4, and Thames TV. In the <i>Duels of the Mind</i> series which aired on the UK <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> network, Keene, along with South African author and civil rights campaigner <a href="/wiki/Donald_Woods" title="Donald Woods">Donald Woods</a>, discussed and analysed what Keene regarded as the twelve best chess games ever played. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magazine_editor">Magazine editor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Magazine editor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1978 to 1982, Keene was the editor of <i>Modern Chess Theory</i>, a magazine on openings which included contributions from the Soviet world champions <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Botvinnik" title="Mikhail Botvinnik">Mikhail Botvinnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Smyslov" title="Vasily Smyslov">Vasily Smyslov</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tal" title="Mikhail Tal">Mikhail Tal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Author">Author</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Author"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keene has written over 200 books on chess and mind games. He was for many years the Chess Advisor to <a href="/wiki/Batsford" title="Batsford">Batsford</a>. His early books such as <i>Howard Staunton</i> (1975, with R. N. Coles) often dealt with players with styles similar to his own.<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordCompanion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Aron Nimzowitsch: a Reappraisal</i> (1974) is much admired and was revised and translated into Russian in 1986,<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordCompanion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an algebraic edition published in English in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989, he and <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Divinsky" title="Nathan Divinsky">Nathan Divinsky</a> wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history#Warriors_of_the_Mind" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Warriors of the Mind</a></i>, an attempt to determine the 64 <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">best chess players of all time</a>. The statistical methods used have not met with wide approval, but the player biographies and games were regarded by one book as providing a good overview.<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordCompanion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Working_for_Korchnoi">Working for Korchnoi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Working for Korchnoi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1978, along with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stean" title="Michael Stean">Michael Stean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Murey" title="Jacob Murey">Jacob Murey</a>, Keene helped <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Korchnoi" title="Viktor Korchnoi">Viktor Korchnoi</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1978_World_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 World Chess Championship">1978 World Chess Championship</a> Karpov–Korchnoi match.<sup id="cite_ref-teamKorchnoi_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teamKorchnoi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Working_for_Karpov">Working for Karpov</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Working for Karpov"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1981, Keene came to the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> and helped <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Anatoly Karpov</a> prepare for the <a href="/wiki/1981_World_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 World Chess Championship">1981 World Chess Championship</a> Karpov–Korchnoi match.<sup id="cite_ref-teamKorchnoi_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teamKorchnoi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_plagiarism">Allegations of plagiarism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Allegations of plagiarism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keene has on several occasions been accused of plagiarism. In 1993 <a href="/wiki/William_John_Donaldson" title="William John Donaldson">John Donaldson</a> accused Keene of committing <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarism</a> in <i>The Complete Book of Gambits</i> (Batsford, 1992).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donaldson wrote "Just how blatant was the plagiarism? Virtually every word and variation in the four and a half pages devoted to Lisitsin's Gambit in Keene's book was stolen." </p><p>In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Winter_(chess_historian)" title="Edward Winter (chess historian)">Edward Winter</a> reflected on plagiarism in chess:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "a particularly sordid corner of the chess world which will never be eradicated without maximum public exposure". He went on: "The latest instance is the discovery<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Justin Horton that material from the first volume of Kasparov’s <i>My Great Predecessors</i> series has been misappropriated by Raymond Keene in <i>The Spectator</i>." </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Private_Eye_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Eye (magazine)">Private Eye</a></i> describes the plagiarism as involving "substantial amounts of text lifted from chess books, mainly Kasparov's but also other authors".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One case involves Keene's notes to a game between Garry Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov, which he annotated for <i>The Times</i> on 8 December 2011 and <i>The Spectator</i> on 5 January 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These alleged plagiarisms, which Winter calls "eye-popping"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are catalogued at "a convenient 'plagiarism index'<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is being kept updated".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tony_Miles">Tony Miles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tony Miles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985, Keene received £1,178 from the BCF for being Tony Miles' second at the Interzonal in Tunis; however, he had not actually been Miles' second but accepted the money and shared it with Miles. Miles never banked the cheque and told the BCF about the scam in 1987. Two months later, Keene resigned his posts as BCF Publicity Director and FIDE delegate. Keene said that his resignation was for different reasons, and that he was "furious" at his treatment after organising numerous events from 1983 to 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brain_Games_Network">Brain Games Network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Brain Games Network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In 2000, Keene's former brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/David_Levy_(chess_player)" title="David Levy (chess player)">David Levy</a> accused<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> him of deceiving the directors of their company Mind Sports Olympiad Ltd (MSO) by setting up a rival company, Brain Games Network plc (BGN), without their knowledge and using £50,000 of MSO Ltd money to do so. Levy further alleged that Keene changed his story several times as to the purpose of the payment and the reasons why the new company had been set up. He complained that shares in the new company were held by Keene and an associate (Don Morris) but not by the company for which they had been supposed to be working, nor any of its directors other than themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Levy wrote:</p><blockquote><p>As one would expect, our original investors were equally astounded at the news and extremely angry at Keene. They had by now invested £1.5 million (approximately $2.25 million at that time) partly or largely on the basis of their faith in Keene and myself. Now they had learned that one of their two key consultants, the one with money-raising skills, had been working to set up a rival company.</p></blockquote><p>Nothing, however, was proven against Keene (who had swiftly paid an identical sum, i.e. £50,000 to MSO, making the subsequent explanation that this constituted a personal loan from himself) and his new company went on to organise the world championship match later that same year. (It was at this time that <i><a href="/wiki/Private_Eye" title="Private Eye">Private Eye</a></i> started referring to him as "<a href="/wiki/The_Penguin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Penguin">The Penguin</a>", a nickname he had first acquired in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p>Levy further criticised Keene for selling three of his own companies to BGN for £220,000 despite their being "virtually worthless". The three companies had between them "a total capital and reserves of only £2,300". At much the same time, according to Levy, BGN purchased a web site and two domain names from Chess and Bridge Limited. However, they made the purchase in two stages. The first of these stages was its sale to Giloberg Finance Limited, owned by Keene's associate Alan Lubin: the second was the immediate sale of the same items, by Giloberg, to BGN. The first sale was for approximately £60,000 (in fact $100,000) and the second was for £290,000, hence making Giloberg "an instant profit of approximately £230,000" and raising the question of why BGN should have paid a sum much greater than the original vendors considered the items were worth.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BGN collapsed in controversial circumstances. Shareholders were unhappy that sums amounting to at least £675,000 had been paid to directors in "fees and payments" despite the company swiftly becoming insolvent.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investors were also unhappy that Keene and Lubin had acquired 88% of the company "for a song" even though the remaining 12% had been sold for around £3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the course of the 2000 Braingames World Championship Keene was accused of heavy-handed behaviour in having journalist John Henderson removed from the press room with the assistance of bouncers.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korchnoi">Korchnoi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Korchnoi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Korchnoi" title="Viktor Korchnoi">Viktor Korchnoi</a> alleged that when acting as his second in the <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1978" title="World Chess Championship 1978">1978 World Championship match</a>, Keene broke his contract by writing a book about the match (which appeared three days after the match finished) having specifically signed an agreement "not to write, compile or help to write or compile any book during the course of the match". Korchnoi commented: "Mr Keene betrayed me. He violated the contract. It was clear that while Mr Keene was writing one book and then another, Mr Stean was doing his work for him."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attempts to defend Keene were rebutted by Michael Stean's mother, who stated that she was in a position to know what was in Keene's contract since she herself had typed it. Keene, she claimed, had signed this despite having already negotiated a contract with Batsford to write a book about the match. She described "a premeditated and deliberate plan to deceive" and noted that Keene's conduct had come under suspicion during the match.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OxfordCompanion-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordCompanion_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHooperWhyld1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Vincent_Hooper" title="David Vincent Hooper">Hooper, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Whyld" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Whyld">Whyld, Kenneth</a> (1992). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess">The Oxford Companion to Chess</a></i>. Oxford University Press. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3"><bdi>0-19-280049-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Chess&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-19-280049-3&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Whyld%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Keene" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mso-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mso_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Hartston" title="William Hartston">William Hartston</a>, "No rest from mental fight", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, 23 August 1997 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/no-rest-from-mental-fight-1246759.html">[1]</a> retrieved 13 October 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Kingdom list: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette50154" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/50154/supplement/10">"No. 50154"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 14 June 1985. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+50154&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1985-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F50154%2Fsupplement%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Keene" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raymond Keene, <i>Becoming a Grandmaster</i>, Batsford, 1977, p. 11. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-0830-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7134-0830-8">0-7134-0830-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. M. Kažić, <i>International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events</i>, Pitman Publishing, 1974, pp. 278–80. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-273-07078-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-273-07078-9">0-273-07078-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olimpbase.org/1976/1976in.html#medals">Individual Medals</a> Olimpbase: 22nd Chess Olympiad, Haifa 1976.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.olimpbase.org/1980/1980id01.html">[2]</a>, consulted 9 September 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keene, <i>Becoming a Grandmaster</i>, pp. 73–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Staunton" title="Howard Staunton">Howard Staunton</a> memorial tournament <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://howardstaunton.com/hsmt2009/Home.html">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New in Chess, 2008, number 8, Nic's Café, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s decision to dismiss Keene for plagiarism was reported in <i>Private Eye</i>, 18–31 October 2019, p. 9 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://keenipedia.com/press">https://keenipedia.com/press</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_L._Watson1999" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_L._Watson" title="John L. Watson">John L. Watson</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624015107/http://www.chesscenter.com/twic/jwatson19.html">"Book Reviews by IM John L Watson #19"</a>. London Chess Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesscenter.com/twic/jwatson19.html">the original</a> on 24 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+Reviews+by+IM+John+L+Watson+%2319&rft.pub=London+Chess+Center&rft.date=1999&rft.au=John+L.+Watson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesscenter.com%2Ftwic%2Fjwatson19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Keene" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teamKorchnoi-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teamKorchnoi_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teamKorchnoi_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-gazeta.ru/article/313610">"Матч Корчной – Карпов: как йоги, КГБ и экстрасенсы воевали за шахматную корону"</a>. business-gazeta.ru. 12 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%E2%80%93+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%2C+%D0%9A%D0%93%D0%91+%D0%B8+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83&rft.pub=business-gazeta.ru&rft.date=2016-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-gazeta.ru%2Farticle%2F313610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Keene" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inside Chess, 3 May 1993, pp. 24–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessbase.com/Home/TabId/211/PostId/4010233/edward-winters-chess-explorations-99-210613.aspx">Edward Winter's Chess Explorations (99)</a> Chessbase, 21 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://streathambrixtonchess.blogspot.com/2013/06/predecessors.html">Predecessors</a> Streatham and Brixton Chess Blog, 19 June 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chequered Mate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Special Ks, <i>The Spectator</i>, 5 January 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessbase.com/Home/TabId/211/PostId/4010996/edward-winters-chess-explorations-100-040913.aspx">Edward Winter's Chess Explorations (100)</a> Chessbase, 2 September 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://streathambrixtonchess.blogspot.com/2006/10/ray-keene-plagiarism-index.html">Ray Keene Plagiarism Index</a> Streatham and Brixton Chess Blog.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.chessbase.com/post/edward-winters-che-explorations-100-040913">"Edward Winter's Chess Explorations (100)"</a>. <i>Chess News</i>. 2 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chess+News&rft.atitle=Edward+Winter%27s+Chess+Explorations+%28100%29&rft.date=2013-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.chessbase.com%2Fpost%2Fedward-winters-che-explorations-100-040913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Keene" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Generous to a Fault</i>, Kingpin 15, Summer 1989, pp. 10–11, letter from Tony Miles. Also see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesscenter.com/kingpin/Kingpin/raylevy.htm">Raymundo contra Mundum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120052609/http://www.chesscenter.com/kingpin/Kingpin/raylevy.htm">Archived</a> 20 November 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anusha.com/levyletr.htm">How could you do this Raymond?</a> Open letter from David Levy to Raymond Keene.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesscafe.com/text/skittles161.pdf">Chess Café</a> 14 August 2001, The Skittles Room, <i>Brain Games: The Full Truth</i> by David Levy. Also see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesscenter.com/kingpin/Kingpin/raylevy.htm">Raymundo contra Mundum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120052609/http://www.chesscenter.com/kingpin/Kingpin/raylevy.htm">Archived</a> 20 November 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chesscafe.com/account/login/?action=mepr_unauthorized&redirect_to=%2Ftext%2Fkibitz50.txt">"Log in or Subscribe – ChessCafe.com"</a>. <i>chesscafe.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chesscafe.com&rft.atitle=Log+in+or+Subscribe+%E2%80%93+ChessCafe.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchesscafe.com%2Faccount%2Flogin%2F%3Faction%3Dmepr_unauthorized%26redirect_to%3D%252Ftext%252Fkibitz50.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Keene" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ajedrez_democratico.tripod.com/Levy-Is-Fraud-a-Braingame.htm">Is Fraud a Brain Game?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717101650/http://ajedrez_democratico.tripod.com/Levy-Is-Fraud-a-Braingame.htm">Archived</a> 17 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by David Levy, 6 January 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Private Eye</i>, 1084, 11 July 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Private Eye</i>, 1093, 14 November 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Pandora", <i>The Independent</i>, 23 October 2000, comment p. 4; Lubomir Kavalek, "Chess", <i>The Washington Post</i>, 23 October 2000, p. C11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Keene's Gambit" by Nick Pitt, <i>The Sunday Times</i> magazine, 13 January 1991, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"When Keene was taxed by Petra Leeuwerik and Viktor Korchnoi as to whether he was writing a book during the match, as he was spending so much of his time in the Press Office sending telex messages, Keene emphatically denied it." <i>Chess</i>, February 1980, pp. 84–85, letter from Mrs Jean Stean.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://streathambrixtonchess.blogspot.com/2013/04/what-jean-stean-had-seen.html">What Jean Stean had seen</a> Streatham and Brixton Chess Blog, 19 April 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Keene&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ratings.fide.com/profile/400211">Raymond Keene</a> rating card at <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q946506#P1440" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=15438">Raymond Keene</a> player profile and games at <a href="/wiki/Chessgames.com" title="Chessgames.com">Chessgames.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectator.co.uk/author/raymond-keene/">Chess columns</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Miles" title="Tony Miles">Tony Miles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raymond Keene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stean" title="Michael Stean">Michael Stean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nunn" title="John Nunn">John Nunn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Speelman" title="Jon Speelman">Jon Speelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mestel" title="Jonathan Mestel">Jonathan Mestel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Short" title="Nigel Short">Nigel Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Golombek" title="Harry Golombek">Harry Golombek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Plaskett" title="James Plaskett">James Plaskett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Flear" title="Glenn Flear">Glenn Flear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Hodgson" title="Julian Hodgson">Julian Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Adams_(chess_player)" title="Michael Adams (chess player)">Michael Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_King_(chess_player)" title="Daniel King (chess player)">Daniel King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Norwood" title="David Norwood">David Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Suba" title="Mihai Suba">Mihai Suba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gallagher" title="Joseph Gallagher">Joseph Gallagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kosten" title="Anthony Kosten">Anthony Kosten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Watson_(chess_player)" title="William Watson (chess player)">William Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Conquest" title="Stuart Conquest">Stuart Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hebden" title="Mark Hebden">Mark Hebden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Davies_(chess_player)" title="Nigel Davies (chess player)">Nigel Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Penrose" title="Jonathan Penrose">Jonathan Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Sadler" title="Matthew Sadler">Matthew Sadler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Levitt" title="Jonathan Levitt">Jonathan Levitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wells_(chess_player)" title="Peter Wells (chess player)">Peter Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Arkell" title="Keith Arkell">Keith Arkell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Emms_(chess_player)" title="John Emms (chess player)">John Emms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Howell_(chess_player)" title="James Howell (chess player)">James Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_McDonald_(chess_player)" title="Neil McDonald (chess player)">Neil McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Ward_(chess_player)" title="Chris Ward (chess player)">Chris Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharshan_Kumaran" title="Dharshan Kumaran">Dharshan Kumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Summerscale" title="Aaron Summerscale">Aaron Summerscale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_McShane" title="Luke McShane">Luke McShane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Parker_(chess_player)" title="Jonathan Parker (chess player)">Jonathan Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Pert" title="Nicholas Pert">Nicholas Pert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Turner_(chess_player)" title="Matthew Turner (chess player)">Matthew Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cherniaev" title="Alexander Cherniaev">Alexander Cherniaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gormally" title="Daniel Gormally">Daniel Gormally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Howell_(chess_player)" title="David Howell (chess player)">David Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain_Jones" title="Gawain Jones">Gawain Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Haslinger" title="Stewart Haslinger">Stewart Haslinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Williams_(chess_player)" title="Simon Williams (chess player)">Simon Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Gordon" title="Stephen J. Gordon">Stephen J. Gordon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hawkins" title="Jonathan Hawkins">Jonathan Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fernandez_(English_chess_player)" title="Daniel Fernandez (English chess player)">Daniel Fernandez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Haria" title="Ravi Haria">Ravi Haria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Vitiugov" title="Nikita Vitiugov">Nikita Vitiugov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreyas_Royal" title="Shreyas Royal">Shreyas Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameet_Ghasi" title="Ameet Ghasi">Ameet Ghasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">List of chess grandmasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_chess_players" title="Category:English chess players">Category:English chess players</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q946506#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q946506#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q946506#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110260509">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46747583">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/15944/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxrWQP9yPqkYk9M7CyfMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/108951960">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50046425">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12014076v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12014076v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35263334">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2009496348&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX911027">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068493223">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=204343">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khw04k0343zncfv">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810695335405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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