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class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recentism" title="Wikipedia:Recentism">WP:Recentism</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Essay on editing Wikipedia</div><style 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.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Essay.svg/30px-Essay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Essay.svg/45px-Essay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Essay.svg/60px-Essay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="42"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Essays" title="Wikipedia:Essays">essay</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;">It contains the advice or opinions of one or more Wikipedia contributors. This page is not an encyclopedia article, nor is it one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, as it has not been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#Levels_of_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">thoroughly vetted by the community</a>. Some essays represent widespread norms; others only represent minority viewpoints.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PRESENTISM"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PRESENTISM&redirect=no">WP:PRESENTISM</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Presentism_(literary_and_historical_analysis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentism (literary and historical analysis)">Presentism</a></b>, judging historical events by current standards, should be avoided. Instead, explain – without <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UNDUE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UNDUE">undue weight</a> – what reliable sources have said regarding changed standards with respect to the topic. </p><p>In literary and historical analysis, presentism is the anachronistic introduction of present-day ideas and perspectives into depictions or interpretations of the past. Some modern historians seek to avoid presentism in their work because they believe it creates a distorted understanding of their subject matter. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Step_1_%E2%80%93_avoid_presentism_from_a_Wikipedia_editor's_perspective"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Step 1 – avoid presentism from a Wikipedia editor's perspective</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Step_2_%E2%80%93_be_aware_that_descriptions_in_reliable_sources_may_be_influenced_by_presentism"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Step 2 – be aware that descriptions in reliable sources may be influenced by presentism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Step_3_%E2%80%93_look_for_reliable_sources_that_analyse_changes_in_perception_regarding_the_topic"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Step 3 – look for reliable sources that analyse changes in perception regarding the topic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Shifting_country_names_and_boundaries"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Shifting country names and boundaries</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#A_politically_incorrect_nickname"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">A politically incorrect nickname</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#18th-century_plagiarism"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">18th-century plagiarism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Shifting_attitudes"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Shifting attitudes</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Step_1_–_avoid_presentism_from_a_Wikipedia_editor's_perspective" data-mw-thread-id="h-Step_1_–_avoid_presentism_from_a_Wikipedia_editor's_perspective"><span id="Step_1_.E2.80.93_avoid_presentism_from_a_Wikipedia_editor.27s_perspective"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Step_1_–_avoid_presentism_from_a_Wikipedia_editor's_perspective"></span>Step 1 – avoid presentism from a Wikipedia editor's perspective<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Step_1_–_avoid_presentism_from_a_Wikipedia_editor's_perspective"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Presentism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Step 1 – avoid presentism from a Wikipedia editor's perspective" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Historians argue against taking a presentist perspective when describing historical events.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What certainly cannot be done is adding a presentist perspective to historical descriptions <i>where such presentist perspective is not covered by reliable sources</i>. Whatever you feel about a topic, don't add your personal presentist slant to Wikipedia articles. </p><p>Similarly, when the look and feel of a source is presentist, but no reliable source writes anything about that possible presentism in that source, don't add your opinion on the validity of the source to the Wikipedia article. </p><p>Adding presentism from a Wikipedia editor's perspective by <i>omission</i> – e.g. leaving out well-documented material because it would be "politically incorrect" by today's standards – should equally be avoided. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Step_2_–_be_aware_that_descriptions_in_reliable_sources_may_be_influenced_by_presentism" data-mw-thread-id="h-Step_2_–_be_aware_that_descriptions_in_reliable_sources_may_be_influenced_by_p"><span id="Step_2_.E2.80.93_be_aware_that_descriptions_in_reliable_sources_may_be_influenced_by_presentism"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Step_2_–_be_aware_that_descriptions_in_reliable_sources_may_be_influenced_by_p"></span>Step 2 – be aware that descriptions in reliable sources may be influenced by presentism<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Step_2_–_be_aware_that_descriptions_in_reliable_sources_may_be_influenced_by_p"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Presentism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Step 2 – be aware that descriptions in reliable sources may be influenced by presentism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Any reliable source on a historical topic may take a presentist slant. There is no prejudice against using such sources in Wikipedia. The important point is to be aware whether and where such presentism kicks in, and act accordingly: </p> <dl><dt>First the facts, then the opinions</dt> <dd>Don't start adding author's opinions before the Wikipedia article contains the bare facts of what the authors are opining about.</dd> <dt>Separate "description" from "reception"</dt> <dd>Don't leave readers guessing what part of the article is a bare description of the topic and what part of the article contains assessment and perception of the topic throughout time: often it is best to separate the two narratives: first have one or more sections devoted to the factual narrative (genesis etc.), the basic information explaining the topic, free of moral judgement; and separate that from the ensuing sections that explain how <span class="nowrap">– throughout time –</span> the topic was received: how, why and when it was appreciated and/or rejected or criticised.</dd> <dt>Compare sources from different eras and backgrounds</dt> <dd>Neither exclusively trust the most recent sources that pop up after a superficial Google search, nor exclusively dated sources (for instance archived at archive.org). Compare all types of reliable sources which usually helps in extracting the bare facts everyone agrees upon, and getting a clearer picture of the opinions that are linked to a certain period or background.</dd> <dt>In-text attribution of presentist analyses</dt> <dd>Attribute opinions that are possibly influenced by presentist prejudice in the body of the article: name author and era/background in the body of the article to put the presentism in perspective.</dd> <dt>Don't unbalance the treatment of a topic towards presentist approaches</dt> <dd>Even if a topic has many readily available sources that present a presentist approach, be aware that many more may have been published that are not simply available via internet (they may be in libraries, in Google books without preview, etc.) the balance of an article should take account of all reliable sources, not only of those available on the internet. And even then, don't shift the balance away from the description of the topic to a panoply of presentist interpretations.</dd> <dt>Don't be wishy-washy about an interpretation a certain era gives to certain facts</dt> <dd>When an attitude or a characteristic of a topic is morally condemned in a certain context and era (even if that era is the present), with significant coverage of that assessment in reliable sources, don't <a href="/wiki/Bowdlerize" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowdlerize">bowdlerize</a> Wikipedia of such documented approach (of course, for biographies of living persons within the constraints of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BLP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BLP">WP:BLP</a>).</dd></dl> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Step_3_–_look_for_reliable_sources_that_analyse_changes_in_perception_regarding_the_topic" data-mw-thread-id="h-Step_3_–_look_for_reliable_sources_that_analyse_changes_in_perception_regardin"><span id="Step_3_.E2.80.93_look_for_reliable_sources_that_analyse_changes_in_perception_regarding_the_topic"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Step_3_–_look_for_reliable_sources_that_analyse_changes_in_perception_regardin"></span>Step 3 – look for reliable sources that analyse changes in perception regarding the topic<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Step_3_–_look_for_reliable_sources_that_analyse_changes_in_perception_regardin"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Presentism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Step 3 – look for reliable sources that analyse changes in perception regarding the topic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Often the most useful sources in the context of presentism, that is those that <i>analyse</i> how the perception of a particular historical fact may have changed over time or may have been influenced by current moral standards, are those that are hardest to find. As such sources may offer a valuable perspective (and may reduce the need to list individual presentist comments derived from separate sources), it is best to look for such reliable sources that contain an <i>analysis</i> of the changing views, and include them in Wikipedia's coverage of the topic. </p><p>Although it is generally preferred to use such sources when available, it is also true that for most topics changed perceptions are a side-topic – don't let the side-topic take over the main topic as a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BALASPS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BALASPS">WP:BALASPS</a> consideration. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Examples" data-mw-thread-id="h-Examples"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Examples"></span>Examples<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Examples"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Presentism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shifting_country_names_and_boundaries" data-mw-thread-id="h-Shifting_country_names_and_boundaries-Examples"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Shifting_country_names_and_boundaries-Examples"></span>Shifting country names and boundaries<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Shifting_country_names_and_boundaries-Examples"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Presentism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Shifting country names and boundaries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Such shifts have often occurred. For example, a person born in what is now Germany should not be said to have been born in Germany if the birth was before 1870, when Germany was formed. The name of the independent country of birth at the time of the birth should be given, for example, Thuringia, or for birth in a colony, of the colony, etc. The current country can be indicated by "in what is now..." or the like. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_politically_incorrect_nickname" data-mw-thread-id="h-A_politically_incorrect_nickname-Examples"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A_politically_incorrect_nickname-Examples"></span>A politically incorrect nickname<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A_politically_incorrect_nickname-Examples"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Presentism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: A politically incorrect nickname" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._12_(Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k)" title="String Quartet No. 12 (Dvořák)">Dvořák's 12th String Quartet</a> was once nicknamed <i>Nigger Quartet</i>. There was <a href="/wiki/Talk:String_Quartet_No._12_(Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k)#Old_nickname" title="Talk:String Quartet No. 12 (Dvořák)">some discussion</a> whether such an obsolete nickname should be mentioned in Wikipedia while considered "offensive" by today's standards. Reliable sources were found that placed the use of the nickname in its historical perspective:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For its presumed association with African-American music, the quartet was referred to with nicknames such as <i>Negro</i> and <i>Nigger</i>, before being called the <i>American Quartet</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such older nicknames, without negative connotations about the music, were used until the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th-century_plagiarism" data-mw-thread-id="h-18th-century_plagiarism-Examples"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-18th-century_plagiarism-Examples"></span>18th-century plagiarism<span data-mw-comment-end="h-18th-century_plagiarism-Examples"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Presentism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 18th-century plagiarism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tilge,_H%C3%B6chster,_meine_S%C3%BCnden,_BWV_1083" title="Tilge, Höchster, meine Sünden, BWV 1083">Tilge, Höchster, meine Sünden</a></i> is a composition <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> copied from <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Pergolesi" title="Giovanni Battista Pergolesi">Giovanni Battista Pergolesi</a>. A presentist approach would be to describe that in terms of copyright infringement and plagiarism. At the time, however, "copyright" still had to be invented, leave alone a legal framework to impose it. The technique Bach used when transcribing the composition is called <a href="/wiki/Parody_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parody (music)">parody</a>. As Wikipedia's article on that topic explains the technique in its context, and sources on this particular composition generally avoid the "copyright" presentist slant, a piped link to the <a href="/wiki/Parody_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parody (music)">parody (music)</a> article suffices, without any need to mention presentist approaches in the article on the composition:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Tilge, Höchster, meine Sünden</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Musical_parody" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical parody">musical parody</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater_(Pergolesi)" title="Stabat Mater (Pergolesi)">Stabat Mater</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Pergolesi" title="Giovanni Battista Pergolesi">Giovanni Battista Pergolesi</a> had composed in 1736. The parody version was made <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1743/1745, using a German text based on <a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">Psalm 51</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Penitential_psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Penitential psalms">penitential psalms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reference_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reference-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shifting_attitudes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Shifting_attitudes-Examples"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Shifting_attitudes-Examples"></span>Shifting attitudes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Shifting_attitudes-Examples"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Presentism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Shifting attitudes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The 1984 college comedy film <i><a href="/wiki/Revenge_of_the_Nerds" title="Revenge of the Nerds">Revenge of the Nerds</a></i> features a scene where, during a costume festive, one of the main characters steals the costume of his rival, wears it to pretend to the rival's girlfriend that he is the rival, and they proceed to have sex. Within the 21st century, this action would be deemed the equivalent of non-consensual sex and possibly rape, and there are modern sources that critically reflect on the scene in this way. However, at the time of the film's creation when attitudes towards sex were somewhat different, and within the film itself, the action is deemed normal and acceptable. In this case, the scene is described as shown in the film without any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOR">interpretation</a> nor applying the more recent take, but within the film's reception, the concerns over this scene are brought up with attribution. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Presentism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Wikipedia:Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UNDUE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UNDUE">Due and undue weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian%27s_fallacy" title="Historian's fallacy">Historian's fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentism_(literary_and_historical_analysis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentism (literary and historical analysis)">Presentism (literary and historical analysis)</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Presentism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Hunt" title="Lynn Hunt">Lynn Hunt</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/may-2002/against-presentism">"Against Presentism"</a> at <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a> website, May 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Clapham. "Bedrich Smetana and Antonin Dvorak" in <i>Chamber Music</i>, edited by Alec Robertson. Penguin Books, 1963.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Kennedy and Joyce Bourne (eds.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.be/books?id=y0b0_CQATAIC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=partly+inspired+by+Negro+melodies,+hence+its+former+names,+now+frowned+on,+of+%E2%80%98Negro%E2%80%99+or+%E2%80%98Nigger%E2%80%99&source=bl&ots=bX6EzH2969&sig=HFHyYwykDxyYxADVwxM3vlwONo0&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=hYxtVKimF4LlauSUgLAP&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=partly%20inspired%20by%20Negro%20melodies%2C%20hence%20its%20former%20names%2C%20now%20frowned%20on%2C%20of%20%E2%80%98Negro%E2%80%99%20or%20%E2%80%98Nigger%E2%80%99&f=false">"‘American’ Quartet"</a> in <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music</i>. Oxford University Press, 1996. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198608845" title="Special:BookSources/0198608845">0198608845</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198608844" title="Special:BookSources/9780198608844">9780198608844</a> (2004 reprint)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liane Curtis (ed.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.be/books?id=tDSKJ4FREnoC&pg=PA100&dq=american+%22is+disturbing+and+needs+comment%22&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=kS1rVLuYGoKyaf_VgNAB&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=american%20%22is%20disturbing%20and%20needs%20comment%22&f=false"><i>A Rebecca Clarke Reader</i>, pp. 102, 104.</a> The Rebecca Clarke Society, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0977007901" title="Special:BookSources/0977007901">0977007901</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780977007905" title="Special:BookSources/9780977007905">9780977007905</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman Edwards. <i>Questions of Music</i>. 2005, p 39. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B1%2B84728%2B090%2B9" title="Special:BookSources/978+1+84728+090+9">978 1 84728 090 9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reference-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reference_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jsbach.org/bwv1083.html">Tilge, Höchster, meine Sünden</a> at jsbach.org</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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