CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Schist - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7a817e21-fcea-4032-bc6e-35aebd816248","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Schist","wgTitle":"Schist","wgCurRevisionId":1272890964,"wgRevisionId":1272890964,"wgArticleId":43530,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1: long volume value","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Commons category link from Wikidata","Schist","Metamorphic rocks","Natural materials"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Schist","wgRelevantArticleId":43530,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q15315","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.23"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Schist_detail.jpg/1200px-Schist_detail.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Schist_detail.jpg/960px-Schist_detail.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Schist - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schist"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schist"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Schist rootpage-Schist skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Schist" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Schist" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Schist" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Schist" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engineering_considerations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineering_considerations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Engineering considerations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineering_considerations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Schist</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skis" title="Skis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="شست – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شست" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquisto" title="Esquisto – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Esquisto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eistl%C9%99r" title="Şistlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şistlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Крышталічныя сланцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крышталічныя сланцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Лупняк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лупняк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Метаморфни шисти – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метаморфни шисти" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquist" title="Esquist – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esquist" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalliner_Schiefer" title="Kristalliner Schiefer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kristalliner Schiefer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquisto" title="Esquisto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esquisto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskisto" title="Eskisto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskisto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="شیست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiste_cristallin" title="Schiste cristallin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Schiste cristallin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siosta" title="Siosta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Siosta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xisto" title="Xisto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xisto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%EC%A0%95%ED%8E%B8%EC%95%94" title="결정편암 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결정편암" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թերթաքարեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թերթաքարեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kriljavac" title="Škriljavac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Škriljavac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skisto" title="Skisto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Skisto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekis" title="Sekis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sekis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%C3%A6%D0%B9_(%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80)" title="Къæй (дур) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Къæй (дур)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scisto" title="Scisto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scisto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94" title="צפחה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צפחה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კრისტალური ფიქლები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კრისტალური ფიქლები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Тақтатас – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тақтатас" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shist" title="Shist – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Shist" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shist" title="Shist – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shist" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistus" title="Schistus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Schistus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krist%C3%A1lyos_pala" title="Kristályos pala – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kristályos pala" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Шкрилец – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шкрилец" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="അഭ്രഷിസ്റ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഭ്രഷിസ്റ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schist" title="Schist – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schist" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%99%B6%E7%89%87%E5%B2%A9" title="結晶片岩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結晶片岩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiifer" title="Skiifer – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skiifer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystallinsk_skifer" title="Krystallinsk skifer – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krystallinsk skifer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalli_slanetslar" title="Kristalli slanetslar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kristalli slanetslar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81upek_krystaliczny" title="Łupek krystaliczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łupek krystaliczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xisto" title="Xisto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xisto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98isturi_cristaline" title="Șisturi cristaline – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Șisturi cristaline" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Лупок – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лупок" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Кристаллические сланцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кристаллические сланцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schist" title="Schist – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Schist" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kry%C5%A1talick%C3%A1_bridlica" title="Kryštalická bridlica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kryštalická bridlica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrilavec" title="Skrilavec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Skrilavec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ist" title="Šist – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Šist" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskisto" title="Eskisto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Eskisto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacirra" title="Tacirra – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tacirra" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D3%AF%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Варақсангҳои булӯрӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Варақсангҳои булӯрӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eist" title="Şist – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şist" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96" title="Кристалічні сланці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кристалічні сланці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A1_phi%E1%BA%BFn" title="Đá phiến – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đá phiến" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%B2%A9" title="片岩 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="片岩" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%B2%A9" title="片岩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="片岩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%B2%A9" title="片岩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="片岩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15315#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Schist" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Schist" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Schist"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Schist"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Schist" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Schist" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&oldid=1272890964" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Schist&id=1272890964&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSchist"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSchist"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Schist&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Schist" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15315" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Easily split medium-grained metamorphic rock</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schist_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Schist_detail.jpg/250px-Schist_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Schist_detail.jpg/330px-Schist_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Schist_detail.jpg/500px-Schist_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2580" data-file-height="1935" /></a><figcaption>A schist showing characteristic scaly schistose texture caused by platy <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">micas</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Schist</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SHIST</span></i></a>) is a medium-grained <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic rock</a> showing pronounced <i><a href="/wiki/Schistosity" class="mw-redirect" title="Schistosity">schistosity</a></i> (named for the rock). This means that the rock is composed of <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> grains easily seen with a low-power <a href="/wiki/Hand_lens" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand lens">hand lens</a>, oriented in such a way that the rock is easily split into thin flakes or plates. This <a href="/wiki/Texture_(geology)" title="Texture (geology)">texture</a> reflects a high content of platy minerals, such as <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">talc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorite_group" title="Chlorite group">chlorite</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a>. These are often interleaved with more granular minerals, such as <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>. </p><p>Schist typically forms during regional <a href="/wiki/Metamorphism" title="Metamorphism">metamorphism</a> accompanying the process of mountain building (<a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">orogeny</a>) and usually reflects a medium <a href="/wiki/Metamorphism#Metamorphic_grades" title="Metamorphism">grade</a> of metamorphism. Schist can form from many different kinds of rocks, including <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rocks</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rocks</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuffs</a>. Schist metamorphosed from mudstone is particularly common and is often very rich in mica (a <i>mica schist</i>). Where the type of the original rock (the <a href="/wiki/Protolith" title="Protolith">protolith</a>) is discernible, the schist is usually given a name reflecting its protolith, such as <i>schistose metasandstone</i>. Otherwise, the names of the constituent minerals will be included in the rock name, such as <i>quartz-felspar-biotite schist</i>. </p><p>Schist <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> can pose a challenge for <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil engineering</a> because of its pronounced <a href="/wiki/Fracture_(geology)" title="Fracture (geology)">planes of weakness</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>schist</i> is derived ultimately from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word σχίζειν (<i>schízein</i>), meaning "to split",<sup id="cite_ref-OD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which refers to the ease with which schists can be split along the plane in which the platy minerals lie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the mid-19th century, the terms <a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">slate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a> and schist were not sharply differentiated by those involved with mining.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geologists define schist as medium-grained <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic rock</a> that shows well-developed schistosity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19993_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schistosity is a thin layering of the rock produced by <a href="/wiki/Metamorphism" title="Metamorphism">metamorphism</a> (a <i><a href="/wiki/Foliation_(geology)" title="Foliation (geology)">foliation</a></i>) that permits the rock to easily be split into flakes or slabs less than 5 to 10 millimeters (0.2 to 0.4 in) thick.<sup id="cite_ref-schid-etal=2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schid-etal=2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BGS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mineral grains in a schist are typically from 0.25 to 2 millimeters (0.01 to 0.08 in) in size<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey199924_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey199924-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so are easily seen with a 10× <a href="/wiki/Hand_lens" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand lens">hand lens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, over half the mineral grains in a schist show a preferred orientation. Schists make up one of the three divisions of metamorphic rock by <a href="/wiki/Texture_(geology)" title="Texture (geology)">texture</a>, with the other two divisions being <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a>, which has poorly developed schistosity and thicker layering, and <a href="/wiki/Granofels" title="Granofels">granofels</a>, which has no discernible schistosity.<sup id="cite_ref-schid-etal=2007_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schid-etal=2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995–6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995–6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schists are defined by their texture without reference to their composition,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schid-etal=2007_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schid-etal=2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and while most are a result of medium-grade metamorphism, they can vary greatly in mineral makeup.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, schistosity normally develops only when the rock contains abundant platy minerals, such as <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chlorite_group" title="Chlorite group">chlorite</a>. Grains of these minerals are strongly oriented in a preferred direction in schist, often also forming very thin parallel layers. The ease with which the rock splits along the aligned grains accounts for the schistosity.<sup id="cite_ref-schid-etal=2007_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schid-etal=2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though not a defining characteristic, schists very often contain <i><a href="/wiki/Porphyroblast" title="Porphyroblast">porphyroblasts</a></i> (individual crystals of unusual size) of distinctive minerals, such as <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">garnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staurolite" title="Staurolite">staurolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyanite" title="Kyanite">kyanite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sillimanite" title="Sillimanite">sillimanite</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Cordierite" title="Cordierite">cordierite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996365_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996365-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Paraschist"></span><span class="anchor" id="Orthoschist"></span> Because schists are a very large class of metamorphic rock, geologists will formally describe a rock as a schist only when the original type of the rock prior to metamorphism (the <a href="/wiki/Protolith" title="Protolith">protolith</a>) is unknown and its mineral content is not yet determined. Otherwise, the modifier <i>schistose</i> will be applied to a more precise type name, such as <i>schistose <a href="/wiki/Semipelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Semipelite">semipelite</a></i> (when the rock is known to contain moderate amounts of mica) or a <i>schistose metasandstone</i> (if the protolith is known to have been a <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19993–4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19993–4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If all that is known is that the protolith was a sedimentary rock, the schist will be described as a <b>paraschist</b>, while if the protolith was an igneous rock, the schist will be described as an <b>orthoschist</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995–7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995–7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mineral qualifiers are important when naming a schist. For example, a quartz-feldspar-biotite schist is a schist of uncertain protolith that contains <a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">biotite</a> mica, <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> in order of apparent decreasing abundance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19998_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19998-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Lineated schist</i> has a strong linear fabric in a rock which otherwise has well-developed schistosity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schistosity is developed at elevated temperature when the rock is more strongly compressed in one direction than in other directions (<i>nonhydrostatic stress</i>). Nonhydrostatic stress is characteristic of regional metamorphism where mountain building is taking place (an <a href="/wiki/Orogenic_belt" title="Orogenic belt">orogenic belt</a>). The schistosity develops perpendicular to the direction of greatest compression, also called the shortening direction, as platy minerals are rotated or recrystallized into parallel layers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996359_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996359-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While platy or elongated minerals are most obviously reoriented, even quartz or calcite may take up preferred orientations.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the microscopic level, schistosity is divided into <i>internal schistosity</i>, in which inclusions within porphyroblasts take a preferred orientation, and <i>external schistosity</i>, which is the orientation of grains in the surrounding medium-grained rock.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYardley1989171_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYardley1989171-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The composition of the rock must permit formation of abundant platy minerals. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Clay_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Clay minerals">clay minerals</a> in mudstone are metamorphosed to mica, producing a mica schist.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early stages of metamorphism convert mudstone to a very fine-grained metamorphic rock called <i>slate</i>, which with further metamorphism becomes fine-grained <i><a href="/wiki/Phyllite" title="Phyllite">phyllite</a></i>. Further recrystallization produces medium-grained mica schist. If the metamorphism proceeds further, the mica schist experiences <a href="/wiki/Dehydration_reaction" title="Dehydration reaction">dehydration reactions</a> that convert platy minerals to granular minerals such as feldspars, decreasing schistosity and turning the rock into a gneiss.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996365_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996365-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other platy minerals found in schists include chlorite, talc, and graphite. Chlorite schist is typically formed by metamorphism of <a href="/wiki/Ultramafic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultramafic">ultramafic</a> igneous rocks,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as is talc schist.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Talc schist also forms from metamorphosis of talc-bearing <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_rock" title="Carbonate rock">carbonate rocks</a> formed by <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_alteration" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrothermal alteration">hydrothermal alteration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graphite schist is uncommon but can form from metamorphosis of sedimentary beds containing abundant organic <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may be of <a href="/wiki/Algal" class="mw-redirect" title="Algal">algal</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graphite schist is known to have experienced <a href="/wiki/Greenschist" title="Greenschist">greenschist</a> <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_facies" title="Metamorphic facies">facies metamorphism</a>, for example in the northern <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metamorphosis of <a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">felsic</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">volcanic rock</a>, such as tuff, can produce quartz-<a href="/wiki/Muscovite" title="Muscovite">muscovite</a> schist.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thin_section_of_garnet-mica-schist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Microscopic view of garnet-mica-schist in thin section under polarized light with a large garnet crystal (black) in a matrix of quartz and feldspar (white and gray grains) and parallel strands of mica (red, purple and brown)."><img alt="Microscopic view of garnet-mica-schist in thin section under polarized light with a large garnet crystal (black) in a matrix of quartz and feldspar (white and gray grains) and parallel strands of mica (red, purple and brown)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Thin_section_of_garnet-mica-schist.jpg/250px-Thin_section_of_garnet-mica-schist.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Thin_section_of_garnet-mica-schist.jpg/330px-Thin_section_of_garnet-mica-schist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Thin_section_of_garnet-mica-schist.jpg/500px-Thin_section_of_garnet-mica-schist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="966" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Microscopic view of garnet-mica-schist in <a href="/wiki/Thin_section" title="Thin section">thin section</a> under polarized light with a large garnet crystal (black) in a matrix of quartz and feldspar (white and gray grains) and parallel strands of mica (red, purple and brown).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Normal_View_of_Garnet-Mica-Schist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="View of cut garnet-mica-schist"><img alt="View of cut garnet-mica-schist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Normal_View_of_Garnet-Mica-Schist.JPG/250px-Normal_View_of_Garnet-Mica-Schist.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Normal_View_of_Garnet-Mica-Schist.JPG/330px-Normal_View_of_Garnet-Mica-Schist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Normal_View_of_Garnet-Mica-Schist.JPG/500px-Normal_View_of_Garnet-Mica-Schist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of cut garnet-mica-schist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manhattan schist from southeastern New York State"><img alt="Manhattan schist from southeastern New York State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Schist.jpg/250px-Schist.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Schist.jpg/330px-Schist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Schist.jpg/500px-Schist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="1845" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_schist" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan schist">Manhattan schist</a> from southeastern New York State</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NY-Central-Park-Rock-7333.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manhattan schist outcropping in New York City's Central Park"><img alt="Manhattan schist outcropping in New York City's Central Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/NY-Central-Park-Rock-7333.jpg/250px-NY-Central-Park-Rock-7333.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/NY-Central-Park-Rock-7333.jpg/330px-NY-Central-Park-Rock-7333.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/NY-Central-Park-Rock-7333.jpg/500px-NY-Central-Park-Rock-7333.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_schist" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan schist">Manhattan schist</a> outcropping in New York City's <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Talc-schist_-_Collezione_mineralogica_-_Universit%C3%A0_dell%E2%80%99Insubria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Talc-schist from Saint-Marcel, Valle d'Aosta, Italy"><img alt="Talc-schist from Saint-Marcel, Valle d'Aosta, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Talc-schist_-_Collezione_mineralogica_-_Universit%C3%A0_dell%E2%80%99Insubria.jpg/250px-Talc-schist_-_Collezione_mineralogica_-_Universit%C3%A0_dell%E2%80%99Insubria.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Talc-schist_-_Collezione_mineralogica_-_Universit%C3%A0_dell%E2%80%99Insubria.jpg/330px-Talc-schist_-_Collezione_mineralogica_-_Universit%C3%A0_dell%E2%80%99Insubria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Talc-schist_-_Collezione_mineralogica_-_Universit%C3%A0_dell%E2%80%99Insubria.jpg/500px-Talc-schist_-_Collezione_mineralogica_-_Universit%C3%A0_dell%E2%80%99Insubria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3884" data-file-height="3520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Talc-schist from Saint-Marcel, Valle d'Aosta, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalupirip_schist_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amphibole epidote schist with slickensides from Benguet, Philippines, showing epidote lens"><img alt="Amphibole epidote schist with slickensides from Benguet, Philippines, showing epidote lens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dalupirip_schist_02.jpg/250px-Dalupirip_schist_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dalupirip_schist_02.jpg/330px-Dalupirip_schist_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dalupirip_schist_02.jpg/500px-Dalupirip_schist_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="2604" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amphibole epidote schist with <a href="/wiki/Slickensides" class="mw-redirect" title="Slickensides">slickensides</a> from <a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a>, Philippines, showing epidote lens</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Engineering_considerations">Engineering considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Engineering considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering" title="Geotechnical engineering">geotechnical engineering</a> a schistosity plane often forms a <a href="/wiki/Discontinuity_(geotechnical_engineering)" title="Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering)">discontinuity</a> that may have a large influence on the mechanical behavior (strength, deformation, etc.) of rock masses in, for example, <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunnel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">foundation</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Slope_stability_analysis" title="Slope stability analysis">slope</a> construction.<sup id="cite_ref-Engineering_properties_of_quartz_mi_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engineering_properties_of_quartz_mi-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A hazard may exist even in undisturbed terrain. On August 17, 1959, a <a href="/wiki/1959_Hebgen_Lake_earthquake" title="1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake">magnitude 7.2 earthquake</a> destabilized a mountain slope near <a href="/wiki/Hebgen_Lake" title="Hebgen Lake">Hebgen Lake</a>, Montana, composed of schist. This caused a massive landslide that killed 26 people camping in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1210px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vadito_schist_wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Road cut in Vadito Group muscovite schist. The cut has been angled to be nearly coincident with the plane of schistosity, reducing rockfall in the road. This also produces the appearance of a shining metal wall due to reflection of sunlight off the muscovite. The road and road cut are nearly straight; the curved appearance is an artifact of the panoramic photography."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Vadito_schist_wall.jpg/1200px-Vadito_schist_wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Vadito_schist_wall.jpg/1800px-Vadito_schist_wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Vadito_schist_wall.jpg/2400px-Vadito_schist_wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5318" data-file-height="1563" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Vadito_schist_wall.jpg" title="File:Vadito schist wall.jpg"> </a></div>Road cut in <a href="/wiki/Vadito_Group" title="Vadito Group">Vadito Group</a> muscovite schist. The cut has been angled to be nearly coincident with the plane of schistosity, reducing rockfall in the road. This also produces the appearance of a shining metal wall due to reflection of sunlight off the muscovite. The road and road cut are nearly straight; the curved appearance is an artifact of the panoramic photography.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blueschist" title="Blueschist">Blueschist</a> – Type of metavolcanic rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenschist" title="Greenschist">Greenschist</a> – Metamorphic rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_textures" title="List of rock textures">List of rock textures</a> – List of rock textural and morphological terms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelite" title="Pelite">Pelite</a> – Metamorphic rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteschist" title="Whiteschist">Whiteschist</a> – Type of metamorphic rock</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OD-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OD_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200127112823/https://www.lexico.com/definition/schist">"schist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/schist">the original</a> on 2020-01-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=schist&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fschist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRaymond1881" class="citation book cs1">Raymond, R. W. (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FpqFAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA78">"Slate"</a>. <i>A Glossary of Mining and Metallurgical Terms</i>. American Institute of Mining Engineers. p. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Slate&rft.btitle=A+Glossary+of+Mining+and+Metallurgical+Terms&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Mining+Engineers&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFpqFAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19993-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19993_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Geological_Survey1999">British Geological Survey 1999</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schid-etal=2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schid-etal=2007_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schid-etal=2007_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schid-etal=2007_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schid-etal=2007_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmidFettesHarteDavis2007" class="citation book cs1">Schmid, R.; Fettes, D.; Harte, B.; Davis, E.; Desmons, J. (2007). "How to name a metamorphic rock.". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/12/12.115/www/12.114%20Papers/BGS/Metamorphic/DetailedMetamorphic/1%20How%20to%20name%20a%20metamorphic%20rock.pdf"><i>Metamorphic Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624213741/https://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/12/12.115/www/12.114%20Papers/BGS/Metamorphic/DetailedMetamorphic/1%20How%20to%20name%20a%20metamorphic%20rock.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+to+name+a+metamorphic+rock.&rft.btitle=Metamorphic+Rocks%3A+A+Classification+and+Glossary+of+Terms%3A+Recommendations+of+the+International+Union+of+Geological+Sciences+Subcommission+on+the+Systematics+of+Metamorphic+Rocks&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Schmid&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Fettes%2C+D.&rft.au=Harte%2C+B.&rft.au=Davis%2C+E.&rft.au=Desmons%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstuff.mit.edu%2Fafs%2Fathena.mit.edu%2Fcourse%2F12%2F12.115%2Fwww%2F12.114%2520Papers%2FBGS%2FMetamorphic%2FDetailedMetamorphic%2F1%2520How%2520to%2520name%2520a%2520metamorphic%2520rock.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BGS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BGS_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBritish_Geological_Survey1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Robertson, S. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/3226/1/RR99002.pdf">"BGS Rock Classification Scheme, Volume 2: Classification of metamorphic rocks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>British Geological Survey Research Report</i>. RR 99-02: 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403144017/http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/3226/1/RR99002.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2018-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Geological+Survey+Research+Report&rft.atitle=BGS+Rock+Classification+Scheme%2C+Volume+2%3A+Classification+of+metamorphic+rocks&rft.volume=RR+99-02&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnora.nerc.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F3226%2F1%2FRR99002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey199924-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey199924_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Geological_Survey1999">British Geological Survey 1999</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlattTracy1996" class="citation book cs1">Blatt, Harvey; Tracy, Robert J. (1996). <i>Petrology : igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic</i> (2nd ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. p. 360. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0716724383" title="Special:BookSources/0716724383"><bdi>0716724383</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petrology+%3A+igneous%2C+sedimentary%2C+and+metamorphic.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=360&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=W.H.+Freeman&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0716724383&rft.aulast=Blatt&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft.au=Tracy%2C+Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995–6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995–6_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Geological_Survey1999">British Geological Survey 1999</a>, pp. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJackson1997" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "schist". <i>Glossary of geology</i> (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0922152349" title="Special:BookSources/0922152349"><bdi>0922152349</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=schist&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+geology.&rft.place=Alexandria%2C+Virginia&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=American+Geological+Institute&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0922152349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Geological_Survey1999">British Geological Survey 1999</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996365-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996365_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996365_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlattTracy1996">Blatt & Tracy 1996</a>, p. 365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19993–4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19993–4_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Geological_Survey1999">British Geological Survey 1999</a>, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995–7-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19995–7_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Geological_Survey1999">British Geological Survey 1999</a>, pp. 5–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19998-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Geological_Survey19998_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Geological_Survey1999">British Geological Survey 1999</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996359-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996359_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlattTracy1996">Blatt & Tracy 1996</a>, p. 359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYardley1989" class="citation book cs1">Yardley, B. W. D. (1989). <i>An introduction to metamorphic petrology</i>. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical. pp. <span class="nowrap">168–</span>169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0582300967" title="Special:BookSources/0582300967"><bdi>0582300967</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+metamorphic+petrology&rft.place=Harlow%2C+Essex%2C+England&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E168-%3C%2Fspan%3E169&rft.pub=Longman+Scientific+%26+Technical&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0582300967&rft.aulast=Yardley&rft.aufirst=B.+W.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYardley1989171-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYardley1989171_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYardley1989">Yardley 1989</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPotterMaynardPryor1980" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Paul Edwin; Maynard, J. Barry; Pryor, Wayne A. (1980). <i>Sedimentology of shale : study guide and reference source</i>. New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0387904301" title="Special:BookSources/0387904301"><bdi>0387904301</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sedimentology+of+shale+%3A+study+guide+and+reference+source&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0387904301&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Paul+Edwin&rft.au=Maynard%2C+J.+Barry&rft.au=Pryor%2C+Wayne+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNoklebergJonesSilberling1985" class="citation journal cs1">Nokleberg, Warren J.; Jones, David L.; Silberling, Norman J. (1 October 1985). "Origin and tectonic evolution of the Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska". <i>GSA Bulletin</i>. <b>96</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">1251–</span>1270. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985GSAB...96.1251N">1985GSAB...96.1251N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0016-7606%281985%2996%3C1251%3AOATEOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2">10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1251:OATEOT>2.0.CO;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GSA+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Origin+and+tectonic+evolution+of+the+Maclaren+and+Wrangellia+terranes%2C+eastern+Alaska+Range%2C+Alaska&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1251-%3C%2Fspan%3E1270&rft.date=1985-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0016-7606%281985%2996%3C1251%3AOATEOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985GSAB...96.1251N&rft.aulast=Nokleberg&rft.aufirst=Warren+J.&rft.au=Jones%2C+David+L.&rft.au=Silberling%2C+Norman+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEstebanCuevasTubíaLiati2007" class="citation journal cs1">Esteban, J.J.; Cuevas, J.; Tubía, J.M.; Liati, A.; Seward, D.; Gebauer, D. (November 2007). "Timing and origin of zircon-bearing chlorite schists in the Ronda peridotites (Betic Cordilleras, Southern Spain)". <i>Lithos</i>. <b>99</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">121–</span>135. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Litho..99..121E">2007Litho..99..121E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.lithos.2007.06.006">10.1016/j.lithos.2007.06.006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lithos&rft.atitle=Timing+and+origin+of+zircon-bearing+chlorite+schists+in+the+Ronda+peridotites+%28Betic+Cordilleras%2C+Southern+Spain%29&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E135&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.lithos.2007.06.006&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Litho..99..121E&rft.aulast=Esteban&rft.aufirst=J.J.&rft.au=Cuevas%2C+J.&rft.au=Tub%C3%ADa%2C+J.M.&rft.au=Liati%2C+A.&rft.au=Seward%2C+D.&rft.au=Gebauer%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoguiaFagelPirardGourfi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Woguia, D.L.; Fagel, N.; Pirard, E.; Gourfi, A.; Ngo bidjeck, L.M.; El ouahabi, M. (June 2021). "Talc schist deposits from central Cameroon: Mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization". <i>Journal of African Earth Sciences</i>. <b>178</b>: 104182. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021JAfES.17804182W">2021JAfES.17804182W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jafrearsci.2021.104182">10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104182</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2268%2F258382">2268/258382</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233704877">233704877</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=Talc+schist+deposits+from+central+Cameroon%3A+Mineralogical+and+physico-chemical+characterization&rft.volume=178&rft.pages=104182&rft.date=2021-06&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2268%2F258382&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233704877%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jafrearsci.2021.104182&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021JAfES.17804182W&rft.aulast=Woguia&rft.aufirst=D.L.&rft.au=Fagel%2C+N.&rft.au=Pirard%2C+E.&rft.au=Gourfi%2C+A.&rft.au=Ngo+bidjeck%2C+L.M.&rft.au=El+ouahabi%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProchaska1989" class="citation journal cs1">Prochaska, W. (September 1989). "Geochemistry and genesis of Austrian talc deposits". <i>Applied Geochemistry</i>. <b>4</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">511–</span>525. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989ApGC....4..511P">1989ApGC....4..511P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0883-2927%2889%2990008-5">10.1016/0883-2927(89)90008-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Geochemistry+and+genesis+of+Austrian+talc+deposits&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E511-%3C%2Fspan%3E525&rft.date=1989-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0883-2927%2889%2990008-5&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989ApGC....4..511P&rft.aulast=Prochaska&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUkarCloos2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ukar, E.; Cloos, M. (April 2016). "Graphite-schist blocks in the Franciscan Mélange, San Simeon, California: Evidence of high- P metamorphism". <i>Journal of Metamorphic Geology</i>. <b>34</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">191–</span>208. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMetG..34..191U">2016JMetG..34..191U</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjmg.12174">10.1111/jmg.12174</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:131721852">131721852</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Metamorphic+Geology&rft.atitle=Graphite-schist+blocks+in+the+Franciscan+M%C3%A9lange%2C+San+Simeon%2C+California%3A+Evidence+of+high-+P+metamorphism&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E191-%3C%2Fspan%3E208&rft.date=2016-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A131721852%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjmg.12174&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016JMetG..34..191U&rft.aulast=Ukar&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Cloos%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLumpkinStoddardBlake1994" class="citation book cs1">Lumpkin, B.; Stoddard, E.; Blake, D. (1994). "The Raleigh graphite schist". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carolinageologicalsociety.org/1990s_files/gb%201994.pdf#page=25"><i>Geology and Field Trip Guide, Western Flank of the Raleigh Metamorphic Belt, North Carolina. Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Geological Survey. pp. <span class="nowrap">19–</span>24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123041007/https://carolinageologicalsociety.org/1990s_files/gb%201994.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-01-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Raleigh+graphite+schist&rft.btitle=Geology+and+Field+Trip+Guide%2C+Western+Flank+of+the+Raleigh+Metamorphic+Belt%2C+North+Carolina.+Carolina+Geological+Society+Field+Trip+Guidebook&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+NC&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.pub=North+Carolina+Geological+Survey&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Lumpkin&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Stoddard%2C+E.&rft.au=Blake%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarolinageologicalsociety.org%2F1990s_files%2Fgb%25201994.pdf%23page%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBustamanteCardona" class="citation journal cs1">Bustamante, C.; Cardona, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V51n2-3728/html">"Is the Central Cordillera of Colombia a potential source of graphite?: Implications for the energy transition in Colombia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Andean_Geology" title="Andean Geology">Andean Geology</a></i>. <b>51</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">413–</span>420. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5027%2FandgeoV51n2-3728">10.5027/andgeoV51n2-3728</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Andean+Geology&rft.atitle=Is+the+Central+Cordillera+of+Colombia+a+potential+source+of+graphite%3F%3A+Implications+for+the+energy+transition+in+Colombia&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E413-%3C%2Fspan%3E420&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5027%2FandgeoV51n2-3728&rft.aulast=Bustamante&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Cardona%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andeangeology.cl%2Findex.php%2Frevista1%2Farticle%2Fview%2FV51n2-3728%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBauer2004" class="citation journal cs1">Bauer, Paul W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/55/55_p0193_p0205.pdf">"Proterozoic rocks of the Pilar Cliffs, Picuris Mountains, New Mexico"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series</i>. <b>55</b>: <span class="nowrap">193–</span>205. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722185827/https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/55/55_p0193_p0205.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Mexico+Geological+Society+Field+Conference+Series&rft.atitle=Proterozoic+rocks+of+the+Pilar+Cliffs%2C+Picuris+Mountains%2C+New+Mexico&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E205&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnmgs.nmt.edu%2Fpublications%2Fguidebooks%2Fdownloads%2F55%2F55_p0193_p0205.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Engineering_properties_of_quartz_mi-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Engineering_properties_of_quartz_mi_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhangWongWangHan2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Xiao-Ping; Wong, Louis Ngai Yuen; Wang, Si-Jing; Han, Geng-You (August 2011). "Engineering properties of quartz mica schist". <i>Engineering Geology</i>. <b>121</b> (<span class="nowrap">3–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">135–</span>149. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2011.04.020">10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.04.020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engineering+Geology&rft.atitle=Engineering+properties+of+quartz+mica+schist&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E135-%3C%2Fspan%3E149&rft.date=2011-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2011.04.020&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Xiao-Ping&rft.au=Wong%2C+Louis+Ngai+Yuen&rft.au=Wang%2C+Si-Jing&rft.au=Han%2C+Geng-You&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3133%2Fpp435">"The Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959"</a>. <i>U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper</i>. Professional Paper. <b>435</b>. 1964. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3133%2Fpp435">10.3133/pp435</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Geological+Survey+Professional+Paper&rft.atitle=The+Hebgen+Lake%2C+Montana%2C+earthquake+of+August+17%2C+1959&rft.volume=435&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3133%2Fpp435&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3133%252Fpp435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schist&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Schist" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Schist">Schist</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSamuels2008" class="citation web cs1">Samuels, Andrea (November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artnov08macro/Samuels/">"An Examination of Mica Schist"</a>. <i>Micscape magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Micscape+magazine&rft.atitle=An+Examination+of+Mica+Schist&rft.date=2008-11&rft.aulast=Samuels&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microscopy-uk.org.uk%2Fmag%2Fartnov08macro%2FSamuels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span> Photographs of Manhattan schist.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmc-lith.php?code=5.5">"Geologic units containing Schist"</a>. U.S. Geological Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geologic+units+containing+Schist&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmrdata.usgs.gov%2Fgeology%2Fstate%2Fsgmc-lith.php%3Fcode%3D5.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchist" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metamorphic_petrology170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metamorphic_petrology" title="Template:Metamorphic petrology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metamorphic_petrology" title="Template talk:Metamorphic petrology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metamorphic_petrology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metamorphic petrology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metamorphic_petrology170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metamorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorphic">Metamorphic</a> petrology</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of metamorphism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-pressure_metamorphism" title="Ultra-high-pressure metamorphism">Ultra-high-pressure metamorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-temperature_metamorphism" title="Ultra-high-temperature metamorphism">Ultra-high-temperature metamorphism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gneiss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gneiss.jpg/120px-Gneiss.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gneiss.jpg/250px-Gneiss.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="361" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metamorphic rocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">Metamorphic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">Amphibolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatexis" title="Anatexis">Anatexis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augen" title="Augen">Augen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metamorphic processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_quartz_recrystallization" title="Dynamic quartz recrystallization">Dynamic quartz recrystallization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foliation_(geology)" title="Foliation (geology)">Foliation (geology)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Metamorphic_petrology" title="Category:Metamorphic petrology">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geology" title="Portal:Geology">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_rocks88" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_type" title="Template:Rock type"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_type" title="Template talk:Rock type"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_type" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock type"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_rocks88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of rocks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">Igneous rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adakite" title="Adakite">Adakite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_feldspar_granite" title="Alkali feldspar granite">Alkali feldspar granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">Andesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorthosite" title="Anorthosite">Anorthosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aplite" title="Aplite">Aplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_basalt" title="Alkali basalt">Alkali basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrite_basalt" title="Picrite basalt">Picrite basalt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaltic_trachyandesite" class="mw-redirect" title="Basaltic trachyandesite">Basaltic trachyandesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mugearite" title="Mugearite">Mugearite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshonite" title="Shoshonite">Shoshonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanite" title="Basanite">Basanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairmorite" title="Blairmorite">Blairmorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boninite" title="Boninite">Boninite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonatite" title="Carbonatite">Carbonatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charnockite" title="Charnockite">Charnockite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enderbite" title="Enderbite">Enderbite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">Dacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">Diabase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Diorite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonite" title="Napoleonite">Napoleonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunite" title="Dunite">Dunite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essexite" title="Essexite">Essexite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foidolite" title="Foidolite">Foidolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">Gabbro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Granodiorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granophyre" title="Granophyre">Granophyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harzburgite" title="Harzburgite">Harzburgite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornblendite" title="Hornblendite">Hornblendite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloclastite" title="Hyaloclastite">Hyaloclastite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandite" title="Icelandite">Icelandite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignimbrite" title="Ignimbrite">Ignimbrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijolite" title="Ijolite">Ijolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberlite" title="Kimberlite">Kimberlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komatiite" title="Komatiite">Komatiite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamproite" title="Lamproite">Lamproite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamprophyre" title="Lamprophyre">Lamprophyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latite" title="Latite">Latite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lherzolite" title="Lherzolite">Lherzolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzogranite" title="Monzogranite">Monzogranite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzonite" title="Monzonite">Monzonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepheline_syenite" title="Nepheline syenite">Nepheline syenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephelinite" title="Nephelinite">Nephelinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norite" title="Norite">Norite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegmatite" title="Pegmatite">Pegmatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">Peridotite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonolite" title="Phonolite">Phonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonotephrite" title="Phonotephrite">Phonotephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">Porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">Pumice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroxenite" title="Pyroxenite">Pyroxenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_diorite" title="Quartz diorite">Quartz diorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_monzonite" title="Quartz monzonite">Quartz monzonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartzolite" title="Quartzolite">Quartzolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyodacite" title="Rhyodacite">Rhyodacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">Rhyolite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comendite" title="Comendite">Comendite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantellerite" title="Pantellerite">Pantellerite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoria" title="Scoria">Scoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonkinite" title="Shonkinite">Shonkinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovite" title="Sovite">Sovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syenite" title="Syenite">Syenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachylyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachylyte">Tachylyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephriphonolite" title="Tephriphonolite">Tephriphonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephrite" title="Tephrite">Tephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalite" title="Tonalite">Tonalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyandesite" title="Trachyandesite">Trachyandesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benmoreite" title="Benmoreite">Benmoreite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachybasalt" title="Trachybasalt">Trachybasalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiite" title="Hawaiite">Hawaiite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">Trachyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troctolite" title="Troctolite">Troctolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trondhjemite" title="Trondhjemite">Trondhjemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">Tuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Websterite" title="Websterite">Websterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrlite" title="Wehrlite">Wehrlite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">Sedimentary rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argillite" title="Argillite">Argillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkose" title="Arkose">Arkose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">Banded iron formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breccia" title="Breccia">Breccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcarenite" title="Calcarenite">Calcarenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">Chert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claystone" class="mw-redirect" title="Claystone">Claystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)" title="Conglomerate (geology)">Conglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coquina" title="Coquina">Coquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamictite" title="Diamictite">Diamictite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatomite" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomite">Diatomite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(rock)" title="Dolomite (rock)">Dolomite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporite" title="Evaporite">Evaporite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyserite" title="Geyserite">Geyserite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greywacke" title="Greywacke">Greywacke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gritstone" title="Gritstone">Gritstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itacolumite" title="Itacolumite">Itacolumite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspillite" title="Jaspillite">Jaspillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">Laterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">Lignite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumachelle" title="Lumachelle">Lumachelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">Marl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">Mudstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oolite" title="Oolite">Oolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">Phosphorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">Sandstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">Shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">Siltstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvinite" title="Sylvinite">Sylvinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillite" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillite">Tillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">Travertine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufa" title="Tufa">Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbidite" title="Turbidite">Turbidite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varve" title="Varve">Varve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wackestone" title="Wackestone">Wackestone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">Metamorphic rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite" title="Anthracite">Anthracite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">Amphibolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueschist" title="Blueschist">Blueschist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclasite" title="Cataclasite">Cataclasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclogite" title="Eclogite">Eclogite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">Gneiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulite" title="Granulite">Granulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenschist" title="Greenschist">Greenschist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornfels" title="Hornfels">Hornfels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcflinta" title="Calcflinta">Calcflinta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabirite" title="Itabirite">Itabirite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfieldite" title="Litchfieldite">Litchfieldite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">Marble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migmatite" title="Migmatite">Migmatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylonite" title="Mylonite">Mylonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Metapelite">Metapelite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metapsammite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metapsammite (page does not exist)">Metapsammite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllite" title="Phyllite">Phyllite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudotachylite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudotachylite">Pseudotachylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">Quartzite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skarn" title="Skarn">Skarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suevite" title="Suevite">Suevite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talc_carbonate" title="Talc carbonate">Talc carbonate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">Soapstone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonite" title="Tectonite">Tectonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteschist" title="Whiteschist">Whiteschist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Adamellite">Adamellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appinite" title="Appinite">Appinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanite" title="Aphanite">Aphanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borolanite" title="Borolanite">Borolanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvikite" title="Larvikite">Blue Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidosite" title="Epidosite">Epidosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felsite" title="Felsite">Felsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganister" title="Ganister">Ganister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossan" title="Gossan">Gossan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloclastite" title="Hyaloclastite">Hyaloclastite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijolite" title="Ijolite">Ijolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeitite" title="Jadeitite">Jadeitite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasperoid" title="Jasperoid">Jasperoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyte" title="Kenyte">Kenyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">Lapis lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvikite" title="Larvikite">Larvikite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfieldite" title="Litchfieldite">Litchfieldite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanite" title="Llanite">Llanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxullianite" title="Luxullianite">Luxullianite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangerite" title="Mangerite">Mangerite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaculite" title="Novaculite">Novaculite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietersite" title="Pietersite">Pietersite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrolite" title="Pyrolite">Pyrolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapakivi_granite" title="Rapakivi granite">Rapakivi granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomb_porphyry" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhomb porphyry">Rhomb porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodingite" title="Rodingite">Rodingite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonkinite" title="Shonkinite">Shonkinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconite" title="Taconite">Taconite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachylite" title="Tachylite">Tachylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teschenite" title="Teschenite">Teschenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theralite" title="Theralite">Theralite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unakite" title="Unakite">Unakite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variolite" title="Variolite">Variolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wad_(mineral)" title="Wad (mineral)">Wad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1019" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15315#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Schists"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85118149">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575726">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="krystalické břidlice"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph904363&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007560890005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schist&oldid=1272890964">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schist&oldid=1272890964</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Schist" title="Category:Schist">Schist</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metamorphic_rocks" title="Category:Metamorphic rocks">Metamorphic rocks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_materials" title="Category:Natural materials">Natural materials</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 January 2025, at 17:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schist&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Schist</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>54 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-db8d5574c-pgzpl","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.558","walltime":"0.758","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3477,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":77544,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2068,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":109444,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 656.296 1 -total"," 26.07% 171.082 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.55% 121.726 5 Template:Annotated_link"," 10.73% 70.421 1 Template:Cite_dictionary"," 10.02% 65.788 2 Template:Navbox"," 9.83% 64.484 1 Template:Metamorphic_petrology"," 8.86% 58.172 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.78% 57.641 12 Template:Sfn"," 7.85% 51.515 1 Template:Commons_category"," 7.51% 49.302 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.381","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18438929,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBauer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlattTracy1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBritish_Geological_Survey1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBustamanteCardona\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEstebanCuevasTubíaLiati2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLumpkinStoddardBlake1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoklebergJonesSilberling1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotterMaynardPryor1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProchaska1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaymond1881\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamuels2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidFettesHarteDavis2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUkarCloos2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoguiaFagelPirardGourfi2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYardley1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhangWongWangHan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"Orthoschist\"] = 1,\n [\"Paraschist\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"Annotated link\"] = 5,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite dictionary\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Metamorphic petrology\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Rock type\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 12,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6995d584b7-2scgp","timestamp":"20250408080947","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Schist","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schist","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15315","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15315","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-03-09T20:16:51Z","dateModified":"2025-01-30T17:46:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6f\/Schist_detail.jpg","headline":"medium-grade metamorphic rock"}</script> </body> </html>