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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Sudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Yemen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complications_in_aid_delivery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complications_in_aid_delivery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Complications in aid delivery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Complications_in_aid_delivery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Complications in aid delivery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Complications_in_aid_delivery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ethical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Legal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Operational</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solutions_for_aid_delivery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solutions_for_aid_delivery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Humanitarian aid in conflict zones</b> is the provision of emergency assistance and support to individuals and communities affected by armed conflict, with the aim of alleviating suffering, maintaining human dignity, and preserving life. This type of aid encompasses a wide range of services, including but not limited to, the delivery of food, water, shelter, medical care, and protection services, and is delivered amidst challenging and often dangerous conditions, with the goal of reaching those most in need regardless of their location, political affiliation, or status.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Criticism around <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian aid</a> has persisted to claim that the distribution of aid in conflict zones poses significant ethical, legal, and operational challenges, particularly when it comes to the inadvertent support of terrorist organizations in regions controlled or influenced by terrorist groups. There have been several incidents where aid convoys were hijacked and looted to the terrorist groups in control. Humanitarian actions in <a href="/wiki/Conflict_Zone" title="Conflict Zone">conflict zones</a> risk legal implications, potentially being construed as support for terrorism or criminal complicity.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflict_zones_requiring_humanitarian_aid">Conflict zones requiring humanitarian aid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Conflict zones requiring humanitarian aid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> has endured decades of conflict, affecting millions of lives. The ICRC, WFP, and the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Red_Crescent_Society" title="Afghan Red Crescent Society">Afghan Red Crescent Society</a>, among others, have focused on delivering emergency aid, supporting healthcare facilities, providing mental health support, and facilitating access to clean water and sanitation. In 2024, Afghanistan continues to face one of the world's worst humanitarian crises, with over 23.7 million people in need of life-saving assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to their return to power in 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> imposed restrictions on humanitarian operations in Afghanistan, particularly affecting the delivery of aid to areas under their influence. The group enforced rules on the activities of aid organizations, including imposing limitations on female workers, and sometimes demanded that aid operations be conducted under their supervision. The Taliban's interference has made it challenging for aid organizations to operate freely and reach those in urgent need of assistance. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The humanitarian crisis is compounded by severe restrictions on women's rights and widespread violence. The Taliban's imposition of rules has drastically limited women and girls' access to education, employment, and even basic freedom of movement, contributing to a deepening crisis of gender apartheid. Such policies not only undermine fundamental human rights but also severely impact the delivery and effectiveness of humanitarian aid, as women are crucial in assessing and addressing the humanitarian needs of communities. Moreover, the ongoing violence, including attacks by the Islamic State of Khorasan Province (ISKP) and internal restrictions by the Taliban, continues to exacerbate the challenges faced by civilians and aid workers alike.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aid workers in Afghanistan face direct threats to their safety, including kidnappings and attacks by armed groups. These security risks are compounded by administrative hurdles, such as visa restrictions for international staff and regulations that limit the operations of non-governmental organizations. Such challenges can delay or disrupt the provision of urgently needed humanitarian assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaza">Gaza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gaza"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> has witnessed several conflicts and military operations over the years due to the <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Israel-Gaza conflict</a>. The humanitarian efforts in the Gaza Strip, coupled with the security challenges faced by Israel, highlight a complicated situation requiring innovative responses from all involved parties. Organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">United Nations Relief and Works Agency</a> for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), the Palestine Red Crescent Society, and international NGOs like Médecins Sans Frontières have been all involved in providing humanitarian assistance. These efforts include emergency medical care, psychological support, education, food assistance, and infrastructure repair to ensure access to clean water and electricity. Growing concerns over the potential for famine in parts of Gaza, underscoring the critical need for ongoing aid deliveries and improved access. <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the crisis and the international call for increased humanitarian assistance, Israel has committed to enhancing the flow of aid into Gaza from various entry points. This initiative involves a combination of land, air, and sea deliveries.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade on the Gaza Strip</a>, enforced by <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> citing security concerns following the takeover of the Gaza strip by Hamas, has significant implications for the flow of goods and the movement of people. This includes a wide range of essential items such as medical supplies, food, and fuel, which are crucial for supporting the basic needs of the population. The limitations on these goods have notable effects on the availability of healthcare, nutrition, and energy resources within the Gaza Strip. The restrictions extend to the movement of humanitarian personnel, impacting the ability of aid organizations to efficiently deliver assistance and execute operations within the region.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On several occasions, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> has been accused of diverting humanitarian aid supplies meant for the civilian population in Gaza for its own use or for the benefit of its supporters. The diversions include international assistance, which has been redirected towards constructing terror tunnels and rocket factories. In addition, Hamas's activities have extended to exploiting the delivery of humanitarian aid and resources, including fuel, for military rather than civilian purposes. Evidence has been presented showing Hamas's control over the distribution of fuel in Gaza, including instances where fuel intended for hospitals has been redirected to the organization's operations. Hamas imposes regulations and restrictions on international and local aid organizations operating in Gaza. This includes the requirement for these organizations to coordinate with Hamas authorities, which can complicate the delivery of aid and the operations of these organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Sudan">South Sudan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: South Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>, the world's youngest nation, has been plagued by civil conflict since its independence in 2011. Humanitarian aid in South Sudan is vital due to a complex crisis exacerbated by prolonged conflict, food insecurity, and the impact of the climate crisis, affecting an estimated 9.4 million people, including 4.9 million children and over 300,000 refugees primarily from Sudan. The country struggles with violence against civilians, with documented cases of attacks, sexual violence, and impunity contributing to the humanitarian challenges. Humanitarian organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations Children's Fund</a> (UNICEF), WFP, and Oxfam, have worked tirelessly to provide emergency food aid, clean water, healthcare, and protection services, especially to children and vulnerable populations.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In South Sudan, the combination of conflict and environmental factors, such as seasonal flooding, creates significant logistical challenges for delivering aid. The lack of infrastructure, such as roads and bridges, which are often targeted or neglected during the conflict, means that organizations frequently resort to expensive and less efficient means of transport, like air drops, to deliver food and supplies to remote areas.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudan">Sudan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syria">Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian Civil War</a> in 2011, millions of Syrians have been displaced, and countless lives have been lost. Humanitarian aid organizations, such as the International Committee of the <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Cross</a> (ICRC), the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Red_Crescent" title="Syrian Arab Red Crescent">Syrian Arab Red Crescent</a> (SARC), have been active in providing medical care, food, water, and shelter. The Syrian conflict has left approximately 70% of the population in need of humanitarian assistance, reflecting the vast scale of the crisis as described by senior UN officials.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Human Rights Watch's World Report 2023 outlines the persistent challenges in delivering humanitarian aid and addressing the rights implications of the ongoing economic crisis. Indiscriminate attacks by Syrian-Russian military forces have continued, affecting civilians and critical infrastructure. Northeast Syria has faced threats of military incursion and mutual bombardment, exacerbating the humanitarian situation. The report also notes that 90% of Syrians live below the poverty line, with over 12 million food insecure, showcasing the dire economic conditions and the critical need for continued international support.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the primary complications in delivering the aid has been negotiating access across front lines in a highly fragmented conflict with multiple armed groups. The risk of aid convoys coming under attack or being looted is significant. Furthermore, obtaining permissions from all parties to deliver aid in contested or besieged areas can be incredibly complex and time-consuming, delaying critical assistance to those in need. </p><p>In addition, during its control over large swathes of territory in Syria, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">ISIS</a> (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) significantly interfered with humanitarian operations. The group seized control of aid convoys, stole supplies intended for civilians, and imposed strict regulations on aid organizations. ISIS's occupation of critical infrastructure, such as water and electricity facilities, allowed the group to manipulate the provision of essential services to civilians, using humanitarian needs as a weapon of war. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conflict in Eastern <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, which began in 2014, has resulted in significant humanitarian challenges, with approximately 40% of Ukraine's population requiring humanitarian assistance. Organizations such as the ICRC, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), and local NGOs have been active in providing food, medical care, shelter, and support for internally displaced persons.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conflict in Eastern Ukraine has resulted in extensive mine contamination and shifting frontlines, making many areas dangerous or inaccessible for humanitarian operations. Mines and unexploded ordnance pose a constant threat to both civilians and aid workers, complicating the delivery of assistance and the assessment of needs in affected areas.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yemen">Yemen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Yemen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil War</a>, which escalated in 2015, has created one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world. Organizations like the United Nations <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP), Save the Children, and the ICRC have been instrumental in delivering aid, including food supplies, healthcare, and support for displaced families.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Yemen, the <a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Houthi</a> rebels have been accused of obstructing humanitarian aid efforts in areas under their control. This includes diverting aid supplies, imposing heavy taxes on aid shipments, and restricting the movements of humanitarian workers. Such actions have complicated the already dire humanitarian situation, with millions of Yemenis relying on international aid for survival. </p><p>In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">blockade</a> imposed by the Saudi-led coalition and the destruction of infrastructure, including ports, roads, and bridges, have severely hampered the delivery of aid in Yemen. These actions have led to fuel shortages, increased costs for transportation, and prolonged delivery times, exacerbating the humanitarian crisis by limiting access to food, clean water, and medical supplies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Complications_in_aid_delivery">Complications in aid delivery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Complications in aid delivery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The distribution of humanitarian aid in conflict zones is fraught with ethical, legal, and operational challenges, particularly due to the risk of inadvertently supporting <a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">terrorist organizations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethical">Ethical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ethical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Humanitarian aid can inadvertently benefit terrorist groups through diversion, taxation, or theft. This raises ethical dilemmas about contributing to the sustenance of these groups while trying to aid civilians. For example, there have been instances where aid organizations, under duress, have been coerced into redirecting assistance directly to terrorist groups, as was the case in Syria with <a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham</a>, a successor to the <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>-affiliated group Jabhat al-Nusra.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal">Legal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legally, organizations face the challenge of complying with international laws and sanctions that prohibit material support to designated terrorist organizations. This includes the complex landscape of counter-terrorism legislation that varies by country and can affect the flow of funds, the procurement of supplies, and the movement of personnel. U.S. material support laws pose significant legal hurdles, making it nearly impossible for humanitarian groups to operate in conflict zones without the risk of violating these laws. The broad interpretation of what constitutes "material support" to terrorist organizations complicates efforts to provide humanitarian assistance, with organizations risking prosecution even when their intent is purely to aid civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational">Operational</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Operational"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Violence and insecurity, including attacks on aid workers and essential infrastructure, severely restrict access to those in need. Between 2014 and 2017, there were over 660 attacks on aid workers, with the majority targeting local staff. Such security risks not only endanger aid workers but also impede the delivery of aid to affected populations.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bureaucratic hurdles and sanctions further complicate the delivery of aid. In conflict zones, governments or armed groups may impose restrictions that hamper humanitarian efforts, such as curbing the import of aid equipment or exploiting aid organizations through excessive taxes and fees. Additionally, international sanctions, while intended to pressure terrorist organizations, often make it difficult for humanitarian agencies to operate effectively, particularly when these sanctions lack clear humanitarian carve-outs.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Solutions_for_aid_delivery">Solutions for aid delivery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Solutions for aid delivery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Addressing the complexities of delivering humanitarian aid in conflict zones, especially when dealing with the interference of terrorist groups and governing entities like Hamas in Gaza, requires innovative and adaptable solutions. Organizations have developed several strategies to mitigate risks and ensure that aid reaches those in need. Here are some examples of solutions that have been implemented: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airdrops">Airdrops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Airdrops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In areas where ground access is either too dangerous or blocked, <a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">airdrops</a> have become a vital method of delivering food, medical supplies, and other essentials directly to those in need. This approach was notably used in Syria and South Sudan, where the UN World Food Programme and other agencies have conducted airdrops to bypass conflict lines and reach besieged or remote communities.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Increased_negotiations">Increased negotiations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Increased negotiations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Humanitarian organizations often engage in increased negotiations with all parties to a conflict, including government forces, rebel groups, and entities like Hamas. These negotiations aim to secure safe passage for aid convoys and establish ceasefires that allow for the delivery of humanitarian assistance. The success of these negotiations can depend on a variety of factors, including leveraging international diplomatic support and ensuring neutrality.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_technology">Use of technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Use of technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Technology plays a crucial role in modern humanitarian aid delivery, significantly enhancing the ability to respond to crises with greater efficiency and impact. This includes using satellite imagery to map routes and identify needs, employing drones for small-scale deliveries and assessments, and utilizing secure communication channels to coordinate aid distribution in real-time. Technology can help navigate around the restrictions imposed by groups like Hamas in Gaza or in areas with a high risk of interference from terrorist organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>'s Lincoln Laboratory is at the forefront of developing technology solutions to address humanitarian, climate, and health challenges. Their work includes initiatives to accelerate national and global responses to climate change through systems analysis and architecture. This approach aims to create a comprehensive roadmap for resilience against climate change by implementing known solutions, such as wind and solar energy, and identifying gaps where further research and development are needed. The Laboratory also emphasizes the importance of using regional proving grounds for evaluating climate-related prototypes under real-world conditions, thereby facilitating the transition of new technologies across different regions.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cash-based_assistance">Cash-based assistance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cash-based assistance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In conflict zones, the deployment of cash-based assistance (CBA) programs, including cash and vouchers, offers several benefits over traditional in-kind aid, but it also introduces unique challenges and considerations. Beneficiaries can use cash or vouchers to purchase what they need most, supporting local markets and reducing the logistical challenges of transporting and distributing goods. This approach requires a functioning market and banking system, which may not be available in all locations.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there are many benefits of cash programming, as discussed in a research conducted by the Humanitarian Research Center in partnership with the International Rescue Committee, protection risks associated with cash programming in conflict-affected settings need careful consideration. These risks can be related to the targeting process, delivery mechanisms, and ongoing participation in cash programs.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enhanced_security_measures">Enhanced security measures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Enhanced security measures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the protection of aid workers and convoys, enhanced security measures are sometimes necessary. This can include using armed escorts in the most dangerous areas, although it raises ethical questions about the neutrality of humanitarian aid. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) emphasizes the importance of adhering strictly to the principles of humanitarian action, such as humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence. While the ICRC generally opposes the use of armed escorts, acknowledging that their presence could potentially harm the perception of humanitarian organizations as neutral entities, it also recognizes that in some extreme situations where the collapse of state structures leads to rampant banditry threatening relief deliveries, the use of armed escorts cannot be entirely ruled out to ensure the security of humanitarian convoys and the safety of the population they serve. <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In high-risk environments like Syria, humanitarian organizations have had to adapt by employing various operational compromises, such as clandestine operations, to continue providing aid. These adaptations can include operating without the knowledge of state and non-state actors involved in the conflict, which may compromise the quality of aid due to barriers in access, resupply difficulties, and reduced coordination. MSF, for instance, has provided support to underground and improvised medical facilities in government-controlled areas of Syria, adapting to the harsh realities of operating in such environments.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In delivering humanitarian aid to Gaza, for example, security measures are crucial due to the complex environment shaped by ongoing conflict and the presence of armed groups. According to reports, numerous aid convoys have been canceled due to security risks in Gaza. In order to protect aid workers and ensure the safe passage of aid, coordinating with all relevant parties to mitigate risks and maintain the integrity of humanitarian missions to prevent incidents that could endanger aid workers or impede humanitarian operations. The presence and actions of Hamas, along with the ongoing conflict with Israel, create significant security risks for humanitarian workers in Gaza. Incidents of violence, including airstrikes and clashes, pose dangers to those attempting to deliver aid and conduct humanitarian operations. <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">List of designated terrorist groups</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPerrin1998" class="citation web cs1">Perrin, Pierre (1998-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/article/other/57jpcj.htm">"The impact of humanitarian aid on conflict development - ICRC"</a>. <i>International Review of the Red Cross</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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aid"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Humanitarian_aid" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Humanitarian aid"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Humanitarian_aid" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">in conflict zones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarianism" title="Humanitarianism">Humanitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_principles" title="Humanitarian principles">Humanitarian principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">International humanitarian law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1850s, Creation of<br />the Red Cross</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Solferino" title="Battle of Solferino">Battle of Solferino</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Memory_of_Solferino" title="A Memory of Solferino">A Memory of Solferino</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Cross Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Humanitarian_Fact-Finding_Commission" title="International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission">International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History of the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees">1951 Refugee Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st-century<br />reform attempts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Humanitarian_Summit" title="World Humanitarian Summit">World Humanitarian Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Bargain_(humanitarian_reform)" title="Grand Bargain (humanitarian reform)">Grand Bargain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localisation_(humanitarian_practice)" title="Localisation (humanitarian practice)">Localisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian-Development_Nexus" title="Humanitarian-Development Nexus">Humanitarian-Development Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Standing_Committee" title="Inter-Agency Standing Committee">Inter-Agency Standing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_Cluster_System" title="Humanitarian Cluster System">Humanitarian Cluster System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Humanitarian<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commission_for_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations High Commission for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">OCHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Cross Movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seville_Agreement" title="Seville Agreement">Seville Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">ICRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">The Federation (IFRC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="List of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">National Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblems_of_the_International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Protective Emblems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Against_Hunger" title="Action Against Hunger">Action Against Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Catholic Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARE_International" title="CARE International">CARE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Refugee_Council" title="Danish Refugee Council">Danish Refugee Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Medical_Corps" title="International Medical Corps">International Medical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Relief" title="Islamic Relief">Islamic Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">Médecins du Monde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Corps" title="Mercy Corps">Mercy Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">Norwegian Refugee Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Girls_International" title="Guardian Girls International">Guardian Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_International" title="Save the Children International">Save the Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vision_International" title="World Vision International">World Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyamada_International_Foundation" title="Koyamada International Foundation">Koyamada International Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consortiums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Network_for_Empowered_Aid_Response" title="Network for Empowered Aid Response">NEAR Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALP_Network" title="CALP Network">CALP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Refugee-Led_Network" title="Global Refugee-Led Network">Global Refugee-Led Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRAC_(organisation)" title="BRAC (organisation)">BRAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeso" title="Adeso">Adeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_for_Refugee_Voices" title="Network for Refugee Voices">Network for Refugee Voices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Relief_and_Reconstruction_Foundation" title="Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation">Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis and reporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Development_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Development Institute">ODI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALNAP" title="ALNAP">ALNAP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_State_of_the_Humanitarian_System" title="The State of the Humanitarian System">The State of the Humanitarian System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Humanitarian" title="The New Humanitarian">The New Humanitarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReliefWeb" title="ReliefWeb">ReliefWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Humanitarian_Overview" title="Global Humanitarian Overview">Global Humanitarian Overview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degan_Ali" title="Degan Ali">Degan Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Egeland" title="Jan Egeland">Jan Egeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christos_Christou" title="Christos Christou">Christos Christou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Byanyima" title="Winnie Byanyima">Winnie Byanyima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Griffiths" title="Martin Griffiths">Martin Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemilah_Mahmood" title="Jemilah Mahmood">Jemilah Mahmood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Slim" title="Hugo Slim">Hugo Slim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Maurer" title="Peter Maurer">Peter Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Orbinski" title="James Orbinski">James Orbinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Kiddell-Monroe" title="Rachel Kiddell-Monroe">Rachel Kiddell-Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacKenzie_Scott" title="MacKenzie Scott">MacKenzie Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Melinda Gates">Melinda Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamshedji_Tata" title="Jamshedji Tata">Jamshedji Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Donors and funding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Emergency_Response_Fund" title="Central Emergency Response Fund">CERF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">FCDO (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Agency_for_Development_Cooperation" title="Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_European_Civil_Protection_and_Humanitarian_Aid_Operations" title="Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations">ECHO (EU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_International_Development_Agency" title="Canadian International Development Agency">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cooperation_and_Coordination_Agency" title="Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Development_Agency" title="French Development Agency">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yield_Giving" title="Yield Giving">Yield Giving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major emergencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Chinese_Famine_of_1876%E2%80%931879" title="Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879">Chinese Famine of 1870s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_1876%E2%80%9378" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Famine of 1876–78">Great Indian Famine of 1870s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983%E2%80%9385_famine_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="1983–85 famine in Ethiopia">Ethiopian famine 1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">2004 tsunami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_East_Africa_drought" title="2011 East Africa drought">2011 East Africa drought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Haiyan" title="Typhoon Haiyan">Typhoon Haiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Central African Republic Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western African Ebola virus epidemic">Western African Ebola outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">South Sudanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Rohingya genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards,<br />power, abuse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHS_Alliance" title="CHS Alliance">CHS Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_exploitation_and_abuse_in_humanitarian_response" title="Sexual exploitation and abuse in humanitarian response">Sexual exploitation and abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Humanitarian_Standard_on_Quality_and_Accountability" title="Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability">Core Humanitarian Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_(organization)" title="Sphere (organization)">Sphere (organization)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_Handbook" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphere Handbook">Sphere Handbook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_State_of_the_World%27s_Cash_2020" title="The State of the World's Cash 2020">The State of the World's Cash 2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aid worker safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_humanitarian_workers" title="Attacks on humanitarian workers">Attacks on humanitarian workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aid_Worker_Security_Database" title="Aid Worker Security Database">Aid Worker Security Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Humanitarian_Day" title="World Humanitarian Day">World Humanitarian Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Care_In_Danger" title="Health Care In Danger">Health Care In Danger Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_hospital_airstrike" title="Kunduz hospital airstrike">Kunduz hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airstrikes_on_Yemen" title="Airstrikes on Yemen">Airstrikes on Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolo_hospital_airstrike" title="Dolo hospital airstrike">Dolo hospital airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights">Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_development" title="International development">International development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocolonialism" title="Neocolonialism">Neocolonialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_Centres_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Detention Centres in Libya">Detention Centres in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_mapping" title="Crisis mapping">Crisis mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_Networks_and_Partnerships_Weeks" title="Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks">Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aid_effectiveness" title="Aid effectiveness">Aid effectiveness</a></li></ul> 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