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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Animal_welfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Restricted_space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restricted_space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Restricted space</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restricted_space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abnormal_gut_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abnormal_gut_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Abnormal gut development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abnormal_gut_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abnormal_behaviours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abnormal_behaviours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Abnormal behaviours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abnormal_behaviours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Increased_disease_susceptibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Increased_disease_susceptibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Increased disease susceptibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Increased_disease_susceptibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veal_crates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veal_crates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Veal crates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veal_crates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruelty_to_calves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruelty_to_calves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Cruelty to calves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruelty_to_calves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Drug use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crate_bans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crate_bans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Crate bans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crate_bans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Crate bans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Crate_bans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Veal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8C%A5%E1%8C%83_%E1%88%A5%E1%8C%8B" title="የጥጃ ሥጋ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የጥጃ ሥጋ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%84" title="لحم العجل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لحم العجل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carne_de_xata" title="Carne de xata – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carne de xata" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8" title="বাছুরের মাংস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাছুরের মাংস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Телешко месо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Телешко месо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kig_leue" title="Kig leue – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kig leue" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carn_de_vedella" title="Carn de vedella – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carn de vedella" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telec%C3%AD_maso" title="Telecí maso – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Telecí maso" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbfleisch" title="Kalbfleisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalbfleisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μοσχαρίσιο κρέας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοσχαρίσιο κρέας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carne_de_ternera" title="Carne de ternera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carne de ternera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekor_haragi" title="Zekor haragi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zekor haragi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87" title="گوشت گوساله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوشت گوساله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viande_de_veau" title="Viande de veau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viande de veau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitela" title="Vitela – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vitela" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%A1%EC%95%84%EC%A7%80%EA%B3%A0%EA%B8%B0" title="송아지고기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="송아지고기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Հորթի միս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հորթի միս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletina" title="Teletina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Teletina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daging_sapi_muda" title="Daging sapi muda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daging sapi muda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daging_sapi_enom" title="Daging sapi enom – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Daging sapi enom" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitulina" title="Vitulina – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vitulina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daging_anak_lembu" title="Daging anak lembu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daging anak lembu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalfsvlees" title="Kalfsvlees – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalfsvlees" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%94%E7%89%9B%E8%82%89" title="仔牛肉 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="仔牛肉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciel%C4%99cina" title="Cielęcina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cielęcina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitela" title="Vitela – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vitela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Телятина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Телятина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veal" title="Veal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Veal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C4%BEacie_m%C3%A4so" title="Teľacie mäso – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Teľacie mäso" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalvk%C3%B6tt" title="Kalvkött – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalvkött" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_eti" title="Dana eti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dana eti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Телятина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Телятина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%8Bt_b%C3%AA" title="Thịt bê – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thịt bê" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%82%89" title="牛仔肉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="牛仔肉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C5%9Ft%C3%AA_gol%C4%B1ki" title="Goştê golıki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Goştê golıki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ver%C5%A1iena" title="Veršiena – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Veršiena" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%8A%E7%89%9B%E8%82%89" title="犊牛肉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="犊牛肉" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Meat of young cattle</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holstein_cow_with_one-day_calf_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Holstein_cow_with_one-day_calf_01.jpg/250px-Holstein_cow_with_one-day_calf_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Holstein_cow_with_one-day_calf_01.jpg/330px-Holstein_cow_with_one-day_calf_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Holstein_cow_with_one-day_calf_01.jpg/500px-Holstein_cow_with_one-day_calf_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3889" data-file-height="2187" /></a><figcaption>Veal is the meat from calves, often dairy breeds</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veal-shank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Veal-shank.jpg/250px-Veal-shank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Veal-shank.jpg/330px-Veal-shank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Veal-shank.jpg/500px-Veal-shank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>A cut of veal <a href="/wiki/Shank_(meat)" title="Shank (meat)">shank</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MIN_Rungis_viandes_de_boucherie_veau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/MIN_Rungis_viandes_de_boucherie_veau.jpg/250px-MIN_Rungis_viandes_de_boucherie_veau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/MIN_Rungis_viandes_de_boucherie_veau.jpg/330px-MIN_Rungis_viandes_de_boucherie_veau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/MIN_Rungis_viandes_de_boucherie_veau.jpg/500px-MIN_Rungis_viandes_de_boucherie_veau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4201" data-file-height="2866" /></a><figcaption>Veal carcasses at the <a href="/wiki/March%C3%A9_d%27Int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt_National_de_Rungis" class="mw-redirect" title="Marché d'Intérêt National de Rungis">Rungis International Market</a>, France (2011)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Veal</b> is the meat of <a href="/wiki/Calf_(animal)" title="Calf (animal)">calves</a>, in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> from older cattle. Veal can be produced from a calf of either gender and any <a href="/wiki/List_of_cattle_breeds" title="List of cattle breeds">breed</a>; however, most veal comes from young male calves of <a href="/wiki/Dairy_cattle" title="Dairy cattle">dairy breeds</a> which are not used for breeding.<sup id="cite_ref-vealfaq_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vealfaq-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guide_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, veal is more expensive by weight than beef from older cattle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Veal production is a way to add value to dairy bull calves and to utilize <a href="/wiki/Whey" title="Whey">whey</a> solids, a byproduct from the manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions_and_types">Definitions and types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions and types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4-16-08_counsil_ranch_Dianes_164.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/4-16-08_counsil_ranch_Dianes_164.jpg/250px-4-16-08_counsil_ranch_Dianes_164.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/4-16-08_counsil_ranch_Dianes_164.jpg/330px-4-16-08_counsil_ranch_Dianes_164.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/4-16-08_counsil_ranch_Dianes_164.jpg/440px-4-16-08_counsil_ranch_Dianes_164.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Free-raised calves</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bob veal" redirects here. For the baseball player, see <a href="/wiki/Bob_Veale" title="Bob Veale">Bob Veale</a>.</div> <p>There are several types of veal, and terminology varies by country. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1228772891">.mw-parser-output .glossary dt{margin-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .glossary dt+dt{margin-top:-0.2em}.mw-parser-output .glossary .templatequote{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:-0.5em}</style> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="bob_veal"><dfn>Bob veal</dfn></dt> <dd>Calves slaughtered as early as 2 hours or 2–3 days old (at most 1 month old), yielding carcasses weighing from to 9–27 kilograms (20–60 pounds).<sup id="cite_ref-veal_fabricatiom_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veal_fabricatiom-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt id="formula-fed_(milk-fed,_special-fed_or_white)_veal"><dfn>Formula-fed ("milk-fed", "special-fed" or "white") veal</dfn></dt> <dd>Calves are raised on a fortified milk formula diet plus solid feed. The majority of veal meat produced in the US are from milk-fed calves. The meat colour is ivory or creamy pink, with a firm, fine, and velvety appearance. In Canada, calves intended for the milk-fed veal stream are usually slaughtered when they reach 20 to 24 weeks of age, weighing 200 to 230 kg (450 to 500 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt id="nonformula-fed_(red_or_grain-fed)_veal"><dfn>Nonformula-fed ("red" or "grain-fed") veal</dfn></dt> <dd>Calves raised on grain, hay, or other solid food, in addition to milk. The meat is darker in colour, and some additional marbling and fat may be apparent. In Canada, the grain-fed veal stream is usually marketed as calf, rather than veal. The calves are slaughtered at 22 to 26 weeks of age weighing 290 to 320 kg (650 to 700 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt id="young_beef_(in_europe;_rose_veal_in_the_uk)"><dfn>Young beef (in Europe; "rose veal" in the UK)</dfn></dt> <dd>Calves raised on farms in association with the UK <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals</a>' Freedom Food programme.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name comes from the pink colour, which is partly a result of the calves being slaughtered later at about 35 weeks of age.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> </dl> <p>Similar terms are used in the US, including calf, bob, intermediate, milk-fed, and special-fed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fsisusda_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsisusda-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culinary_uses">Culinary uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Culinary uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_veal_dishes" title="List of veal dishes">List of veal dishes</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Veal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Veal.png/250px-Veal.png" decoding="async" width="146" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Veal.png/330px-Veal.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Boneless veal cutlets</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Veal_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Veal_big.jpg/250px-Veal_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Veal_big.jpg/330px-Veal_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Minced veal with <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shiitake" title="Shiitake">shiitake</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rigatoni" title="Rigatoni">rigatoni</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisines</a>, veal is often in the form of cutlets, such as the Italian <i><a href="/wiki/Cotoletta" title="Cotoletta">cotoletta</a></i> or the famous Austrian dish <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Schnitzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiener Schnitzel">Wiener Schnitzel</a>. Some classic French veal dishes include fried <i><a href="/wiki/Escalopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalopes">escalopes</a></i>, fried veal <i>Grenadines</i> (small, thick fillet steaks), stuffed <i><a href="/wiki/Paupiette" title="Paupiette">paupiettes</a></i>, roast joints, and <i><a href="/wiki/Blanquette_de_veau" title="Blanquette de veau">blanquettes</a></i>. Because veal is lower in fat than many meats, care must be taken in preparation to ensure that it does not become tough. Veal is often coated in preparation for frying or eaten with a sauce. <a href="/wiki/Parmigiana" title="Parmigiana">Veal parmigiana</a> is a common Italian-American dish made with breaded veal cutlets. </p><p>In addition to providing meat, the bones of calves are used to make a stock that forms the base for sauces and soups such as <a href="/wiki/Demi-glace" title="Demi-glace">demi-glace</a>. Calf stomachs are also used to produce <a href="/wiki/Rennet" title="Rennet">rennet</a>, which is used in the production of cheese. Calf <a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">offal</a> is also widely regarded as the most prized animal offal.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Male dairy calves are commonly used for veal production as they do not lactate and are therefore surplus to the requirements of the dairy industry. Newborn veal calves are generally separated from the cow within three days.<sup id="cite_ref-fsisusda_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsisusda-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guide_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calves are sometimes raised in individual stalls for the first several weeks as a sort of quarantine,<sup id="cite_ref-fsisusda_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsisusda-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then moved to groupings of two or more calves. </p><p>Milk-fed veal calves consume a diet consisting of milk replacer, formulated with mostly milk-based proteins and added vitamins and minerals supplemented with solid feeds. This type of diet is similar to infant formula and is also one of the most common diets used for calves in the veal industry.<sup id="cite_ref-vealexplore_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vealexplore-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grain-fed calves normally consume a diet of milk replacer for the first six to eight weeks and then move on to a mostly corn-based diet.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A farm veterinarian creates and provides a health program for the herd. Veal calves need proper amounts of water, adequate nutrition, and safe and comfortable environments to thrive.<sup id="cite_ref-vealexplore_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vealexplore-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animal_welfare">Animal welfare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Animal welfare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veal production has been a controversial topic. The ethics of veal production have been challenged by <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">animal welfare</a> advocates and some methods are cited as <a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals" title="Cruelty to animals">animal cruelty</a> by multiple animal welfare organizations. These organizations and some of their members consider several practices and procedures of veal production to be inhumane. Public efforts by these organizations are placing pressure on the veal industry to change some of its methods.<sup id="cite_ref-HSUSW_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSUSW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HSUS2016_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSUS2016-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McKenna_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenna-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of these practices are relevant to both group and individual housing systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restricted_space">Restricted space</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Restricted space"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veal_Cows.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Veal_Cows.jpg/220px-Veal_Cows.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Veal_Cows.jpg/330px-Veal_Cows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Veal_Cows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>These calves are chained by their neck, with limited space per calf.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the past, one aspect of veal production cited as cruelty in the industry was the lack of space veal calves were provided. Space was often deliberately restricted by the producer to stop the animal from exercising, as exercise was thought to make the meat turn redder and tougher.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent1995_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent1995-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern veal production facilities in the US allow sufficient room for the calf to lie down, stand, stretch, and groom itself.<sup id="cite_ref-fsisusda_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsisusda-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abnormal_gut_development">Abnormal gut development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Abnormal gut development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some systems of veal production rear calves that are denied access to any solid feed<sup id="cite_ref-CIWF_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIWF-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are fed a liquid milk replacer. They may also be deprived of bedding to prevent them from eating it. This dietary restriction completely distorts the normal development of the <a href="/wiki/Rumen" title="Rumen">rumen</a> and predisposes the calf to infectious <a href="/wiki/Enteritis" title="Enteritis">enteritis</a> (scouring or diarrhea) and chronic indigestion.<sup id="cite_ref-BCSPCA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCSPCA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, calves with an underdeveloped gut are more likely to be found to have hairballs in the rumen at slaughter; the accumulation of hairballs in the rumen can impair digestion.<sup id="cite_ref-McKenna_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenna-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abnormal_behaviours">Abnormal behaviours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Abnormal behaviours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rearing calves in deprived conditions without a teat can lead to the development of abnormal oral behaviour. Some of these may develop into <a href="/wiki/Stereotypy_(non-human)" title="Stereotypy (non-human)">oral stereotypies</a> such as sucking, licking or biting inanimate objects, and by tongue rolling and tongue playing. "Purposeless oral activity" occupies 15% of the time in crated calves but only 2–3% in group-housed calves.<sup id="cite_ref-McKenna_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenna-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Increased_disease_susceptibility">Increased disease susceptibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Increased disease susceptibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veal calves' dietary intake of iron was restricted<sup id="cite_ref-CIWF_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIWF-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to achieve a target haemoglobin concentration of around 4.6<span class="nowrap"> </span>mmol/L; normal concentration of haemoglobin in the blood is greater than 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>mmol/L. Calves with blood haemoglobin concentrations of below 4.5<span class="nowrap"> </span>mmol/L may show signs of increased disease susceptibility and immunosuppression.<sup id="cite_ref-McKenna_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenna-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alternative agricultural uses for male dairy calves include raising bob veal (generally slaughtered at 2–3 days old, though age may be as young as 2 hours or at most 1 month old),<sup id="cite_ref-veal_fabricatiom_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veal_fabricatiom-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> raising calves as "red veal" without the severe dietary restrictions needed to create pale meat (requiring fewer antibiotic treatments and resulting in lower calf mortality),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as dairy beef.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008 to 2009 in the US, the demand for free-raised veal rose rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-wpost_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpost-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veal_crates">Veal crates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Veal crates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calves.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Calves.JPG/220px-Calves.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Calves.JPG/330px-Calves.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Calves.JPG/440px-Calves.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holstein_Friesian" title="Holstein Friesian">Holstein</a> calves in individual crates</figcaption></figure> <p>Veal crates are a close-confinement system of raising veal calves. Many calves raised for veal, including in Canada<sup id="cite_ref-HSI_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSI-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the US, were confined in crates which typically measure approximately 66–76 cm (2 ft 2 in – 2 ft 6 in) wide. The calves were housed individually and the crates may prevent physical contact between adjacent calves, and sometimes also visual contact.<sup id="cite_ref-BCSPCA_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCSPCA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, crated calves were often tied to the front of the crate with a tether which restricted movement.<sup id="cite_ref-HSUS2016_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSUS2016-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BCSPCA_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCSPCA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HSUSreport_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSUSreport-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Floors were often slatted and sloped, allowing urine and manure to fall under the crate to help maintain a clean environment for the calf. In some veal crate systems, the calves were also kept in the dark without bedding and fed nothing but milk.<sup id="cite_ref-Bentham_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentham-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atkins_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atkins-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veal crates were designed to limit movement of the animal because it was believed by producers that the meat turns redder and tougher if the animals were allowed to exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent1995_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent1995-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diet was sometimes highly regulated to control sources of iron, which again makes the meat redder. </p><p>In the US, the use of tethers in veal crates to prevent movement by veal calves was a principal source of controversy in veal farming. Many veal farmers started improving conditions in their veal farms in the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-wpost_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpost-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTIMESV_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTIMESV-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veal tethering is criticized because the ability of the calves to move is highly restricted; the crates may have unsuitable flooring; the calves spend their entire lives indoors, experience prolonged sensory, social, and exploratory deprivation; and the calves are more susceptible to high amounts of stress and disease.<sup id="cite_ref-HSUSW_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSUSW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cruelty_to_calves">Cruelty to calves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cruelty to calves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calves need to exercise to ensure normal bone and muscle development. Calves at pasture not only walk but also run about, jump and play. Calves in veal crates cannot turn around, walk or run; this results in calves that may stumble or have difficulty walking when finally taken for slaughter. There is a general increase in knee and hock swelling as crate width decreases.<sup id="cite_ref-McKenna_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenna-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under natural conditions calves continue to suckle 3 to 6 times a day for up to 5 months.<sup id="cite_ref-McKenna_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenna-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veal crates prevented this social interaction. Furthermore, some calves were reared in crates with solid walls that prevented visual or tactile contact with their neighbours. It has been shown that calves will work for social contact with other calves.<sup id="cite_ref-HSUSreport_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSUSreport-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To maintain personal hygiene and help prevent disease, calves lick themselves to groom; cattle naturally lick all the parts of their body they can reach. However, tethering prevents calves from licking the hind parts of their body. Excessive licking of the forelegs (another abnormal behaviour) is common in stall and tether systems.<sup id="cite_ref-HSUSreport_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSUSreport-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the US, young milk-fed veal calves may be raised in individual pens up to a maximum of ten weeks of age and are typically in visual and tactile contact with their neighbors. Milk-fed veal calves are never tethered, allowing them to easily groom themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-vealfarmQA_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vealfarmQA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_use">Drug use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Drug use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA) regulations do not permit the use of hormones on veal calves for any reason. They do, however, permit the use of antibiotics in veal raising to treat or prevent disease.<sup id="cite_ref-fsisusda_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsisusda-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vealfarmQA_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vealfarmQA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the USDA expressed concern that the use of illegal drugs might be widespread in the veal industry.<sup id="cite_ref-USATODAY_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USATODAY-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, a USDA official found a lump on a veal calf in a Wisconsin veal farm, which turned out to be an illegal hormone implant.<sup id="cite_ref-USATODAY_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USATODAY-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, the USDA stated that "Penicillin is not used in calf raising: tetracycline has been approved, but is not widely used."<sup id="cite_ref-fsisusda_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsisusda-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crate_bans">Crate bans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Crate bans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1990, the British government banned transporting calves in close-confinement crates.<sup id="cite_ref-Bentham_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentham-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atkins_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atkins-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veal crates were banned across the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) in January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-CIWF_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIWF-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Veal:_A_Byproduct_of_the_Cruel_Dairy_Industry_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veal:_A_Byproduct_of_the_Cruel_Dairy_Industry-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veal calf production, as such, is not allowed in many northern European countries, such as in Finland. In Finland, giving feed, drink or other nutrition which is known to be dangerous to an animal which is being cared for is prohibited, as well as failing to give nutrients the lack of which is known to cause the animal to fall ill. The Finnish Animal Welfare Act of 1996<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Finnish Animal Welfare Decree of 1996<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provided general guidelines for the housing and care of animals, and effectively banned veal crates in Finland. Veal crates are not specifically banned in Switzerland, but most calves are raised outdoors.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:States_w_outlawed_veal_crates.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/States_w_outlawed_veal_crates.svg/250px-States_w_outlawed_veal_crates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/States_w_outlawed_veal_crates.svg/330px-States_w_outlawed_veal_crates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/States_w_outlawed_veal_crates.svg/500px-States_w_outlawed_veal_crates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption> <table style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #ABD5F5; padding-left:5px; background-color:#F1F5FC; margin-top:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"><b>US States with bans on veal crates</b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0bf432; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> States prohibiting veal crates </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="float:right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Veal_Crate_Ban_Map" title="Template:US Veal Crate Ban Map"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:US_Veal_Crate_Ban_Map&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:US Veal Crate Ban Map (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Veal_Crate_Ban_Map" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Veal Crate Ban Map"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </figcaption></figure> <p>In 2007, the American Veal Association passed a resolution encouraging the entire industry to phase out tethered crate-confinement of calves by 2017, a goal that was met by all milk-fed veal farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vealfarmQA_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vealfarmQA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, eight U.S. states ban tethering of calves in veal crates. Nationally, several large veal producers and the American Veal Association are also working to phase out the industry use of tethered veal crates. As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, all American Veal Association members are raising calves in tether free pens and all veal calves are housed in group pens by the time they are 10 weeks of age. </p><p>State-by-state veal crate bans are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> (since 2006, a part of <a href="/wiki/Proposition_204" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposition 204">Proposition 204</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> (effective 2015, a part of <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_2_(2008)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 2 (2008)">Proposition 2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> (since 2012)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> (passed in 2014, the Kentucky Livestock Care Standards Commission issued a decision to begin a phase-out period of four years and that by 2018 veal crates will be eliminated from Kentucky farms)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> (since 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> (effective 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> (passed 2010, effective 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> (since July 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Current active legislation in:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (December 2015)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> (proposed in January 2013 and 2014)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> (House<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Senate<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bills filed annually since 2009; current bills would take effect one year after passage)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 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dishes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vealfaq-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vealfaq_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.veal.org/explore/veals-journey/">"Veal's Journey from Farm to Food to You"</a>. <i>Cattlemen's Beef Board</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cattlemen%27s+Beef+Board&rft.atitle=Veal%27s+Journey+from+Farm+to+Food+to+You&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.veal.org%2Fexplore%2Fveals-journey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guide-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guide_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guide_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBennett2010" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Jacob M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3PXbQMsKFYC&pg=PA197"><i>The Complete Guide to Grass-Fed Cattle: How to Raise Your Cattle on Natural Grass for Fun and Profit</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantic Publishing (page does not exist)">Atlantic Publishing</a>. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781601383808" title="Special:BookSources/9781601383808"><bdi>9781601383808</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Grass-Fed+Cattle%3A+How+to+Raise+Your+Cattle+on+Natural+Grass+for+Fun+and+Profit&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781601383808&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Jacob+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3PXbQMsKFYC%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchingoethe1976" class="citation journal cs1">Schingoethe, David J. (March 1, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3168%2Fjds.S0022-0302%2876%2984240-3">"Whey Utilization in Animal Feeding: A Summary and Evaluation 1, 2"</a>. <i>Journal of Dairy Science</i>. <b>59</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">556–</span>570. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3168%2Fjds.S0022-0302%2876%2984240-3">10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(76)84240-3</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Whey+Utilization+in+Animal+Feeding%3A+A+Summary+and+Evaluation+1%2C+2&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E556-%3C%2Fspan%3E570&rft.date=1976-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3168%2Fjds.S0022-0302%2876%2984240-3&rft.aulast=Schingoethe&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3168%252Fjds.S0022-0302%252876%252984240-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-veal_fabricatiom-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-veal_fabricatiom_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-veal_fabricatiom_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408122436/https://www.britannica.com/technology/meat-processing/Labels-and-standards">"Veal fabrication"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/meat-processing/Labels-and-standards#ref501778">the original</a> on April 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cok.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cok.net/blog/2012/06/victory-rhode-island-bans-gestation-crates-veal-crates-and-tail-docking-cows/">the original</a> on August 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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January 9, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120902/http://open.nysenate.gov/legislation/bill/A424-2013">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nysenate.gov&rft.atitle=Assembly+Bill+A424&rft.date=2013-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysenate.gov%2Flegislation%2Fbills%2F2013%2FA424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061123/https://malegislature.gov/Bills/188/House/H1456">"Bill H.1456 An Act to prevent farm animal cruelty"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://malegislature.gov/Bills/188/House/H1456">the original</a> on October 23, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+H.1456+An+Act+to+prevent+farm+animal+cruelty&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmalegislature.gov%2FBills%2F188%2FHouse%2FH1456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHedlund" class="citation web cs1">Hedlund, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023063057/https://malegislature.gov/Bills/188/Senate/S741">"Bill S.741 An Act to prevent farm animal cruelty"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://malegislature.gov/Bills/188/Senate/S741">the original</a> on October 23, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+S.741+An+Act+to+prevent+farm+animal+cruelty&rft.aulast=Hedlund&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmalegislature.gov%2FBills%2F188%2FSenate%2FS741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Costa, J.H.C., von Keyserlingk, M.A.G. and Weary, D.M. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030216001405">Invited review: Effects of group housing of dairy calves on behavior, cognition, performance, and health.</a> Journal of Dairy Science, 99(4), 2453–2467.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/120px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Veal" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Veal"> Veal</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/veal" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/veal">veal</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veal.org">Veal.org</a> — From the Cattlemen's Beef Board (USA)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Beef_and_veal87" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Beef" title="Template:Beef"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Beef" title="Template talk:Beef"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Beef" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Beef"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Beef_and_veal87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">veal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_beef" title="Argentine beef">Argentine beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">Beef cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow%E2%80%93calf_operation" title="Cow–calf operation">Cow–calf operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeder_cattle" title="Feeder cattle">Feeder cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobe_beef" title="Kobe beef">Kobe beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_beef" title="Organic beef">Organic beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorno_Steer" title="Osorno Steer">Osorno Steer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cut_of_beef" title="Cut of beef">Cuts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_steak" title="Baseball steak">Baseball steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_steak" title="Blade steak">Blade steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket" title="Brisket">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chateaubriand_(dish)" title="Chateaubriand (dish)">Chateaubriand steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_steak" title="Chuck steak">Chuck steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajita" title="Fajita">Fajita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filet_mignon" title="Filet mignon">Filet mignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medallion_(food)" title="Medallion (food)">Filet medallion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flank_steak" title="Flank steak">Flank steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flap_steak" title="Flap steak">Flap steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanger_steak" title="Hanger steak">Hanger steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_plate" title="Beef plate">Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picanha" title="Picanha">Picanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_steak" title="Ranch steak">Ranch steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restructured_steak" title="Restructured steak">Restructured steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rib_eye_steak" title="Rib eye steak">Rib eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rib_steak" title="Rib steak">Rib steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_steak" title="Round steak">Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rump_steak" title="Rump steak">Rump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_loin" title="Short loin">Short loin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_ribs" title="Short ribs">Short ribs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_tender" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder tender">Shoulder tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverside_(beef)" title="Silverside (beef)">Silverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirloin_steak" title="Sirloin steak">Sirloin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_sirloin" title="Top sirloin">Top sirloin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirt_steak" title="Skirt steak">Skirt steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_rib_roast" title="Standing rib roast">Standing rib roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_steak" title="Strip steak">Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_shank" title="Beef shank">Shank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bone_steak" title="T-bone steak">T-bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_tenderloin" title="Beef tenderloin">Tenderloin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-tip" title="Tri-tip">Tri-tip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow%27s_trotters" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow's trotters">Trotters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxtail" title="Oxtail">Tail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">Jerky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_aging" title="Beef aging">Aged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bresaola" title="Bresaola">Bresaola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabeza" title="Cabeza">Cabeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Rindswurst" title="Frankfurter Rindswurst">Frankfurter Rindswurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_beef" title="Ground beef">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_smoked_meat" title="Montreal-style smoked meat">Montreal smoked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrami" title="Pastrami">Pastrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_extract" title="Meat extract">Meat extract</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_brain" title="Beef brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart#Food" title="Heart">Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_tongue" title="Beef tongue">Tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendon_as_food" title="Tendon as food">Tendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripas" title="Tripas">Tripas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripe" title="Tripe">Tripe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_oysters" title="Rocky Mountain oysters">Testicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_beef_dishes" title="List of beef dishes">Dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beefsteak" title="Beefsteak">Beefsteak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steak_dishes" title="List of steak dishes">List of steak dishes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbacua" title="Balbacua">Balbacua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquette_de_veau" title="Blanquette de veau">Blanquette de veau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_olives" title="Beef olives">Beef olives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Wellington" title="Beef Wellington">Beef Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_bourguignon" title="Beef bourguignon">Beef bourguignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_bun" title="Beef bun">Beef bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Manhattan" title="Beef Manhattan">Beef Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_noodle_soup" title="Beef noodle soup">Beef noodle soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_on_weck" title="Beef on weck">Beef on weck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Stroganoff" title="Beef Stroganoff">Beef Stroganoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistek" title="Bistek">Bistek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiled_beef" title="Boiled beef">Boiled beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruscitti" title="Bruscitti">Bruscitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgogi" title="Bulgogi">Bulgogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulalo" title="Bulalo">Bulalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachopo_(dish)" title="Cachopo (dish)">Cachopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf%27s_liver_and_bacon" title="Calf's liver and bacon">Calf's liver and bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf%27s_liver_in_French_cuisine" title="Calf's liver in French cuisine">Calf's liver in French cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cansi" title="Cansi">Cansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chateaubriand_(dish)" title="Chateaubriand (dish)">Chateaubriand (dish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesesteak" title="Cheesesteak">Cheesesteak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken-fried_steak" title="Chicken-fried steak">Chicken-fried steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordon_bleu_(dish)" title="Cordon bleu (dish)">Cordon bleu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daube" title="Daube">Daube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendeng" title="Dendeng">Dendeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feu_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feu (food)">Feu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_dip" title="French dip">French dip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_beef" title="Ginger beef">Ginger beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galbi" title="Galbi">Galbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gored_gored" title="Gored gored">Gored gored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%ABdon" title="Gyūdon">Gyūdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayashi_rice" title="Hayashi rice">Hayashi rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_steak" title="Hamburg steak">Hamburg steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hortob%C3%A1gyi_palacsinta" title="Hortobágyi palacsinta">Hortobágyi palacsinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iga_penyet" title="Iga penyet">Iga penyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_beef" title="Italian beef">Italian beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellied_veal" title="Jellied veal">Jellied veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalio" title="Kalio">Kalio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91eva_%C5%A1nicla" title="Karađorđeva šnicla">Karađorđeva šnicla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kare-kare" title="Kare-kare">Kare-kare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitfo" title="Kitfo">Kitfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_broil" title="London broil">London broil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechado" title="Mechado">Mechado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_beef" title="Mongolian beef">Mongolian beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neobiani" title="Neobiani">Neobiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilaga" title="Nilaga">Nilagang baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossobuco" title="Ossobuco">Ossobuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pares_(food)" title="Pares (food)">Pares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">Pho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pot_roast" title="Pot roast">Pot roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozharsky_cutlet" title="Pozharsky cutlet">Pozharsky cutlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puchero" title="Puchero">Puchero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%27tcha" title="P'tcha">P'tcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragout_fin" title="Ragout fin">Ragout fin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawon" title="Rawon">Rawon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendang" title="Rendang">Rendang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_beef" title="Roast beef">Roast beef</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roast_beef_sandwich" title="Roast beef sandwich">Roast beef sandwich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropa_vieja" title="Ropa vieja">Ropa vieja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_steak" title="Salisbury steak">Salisbury steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltimbocca" title="Saltimbocca">Saltimbocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selat_solo" title="Selat solo">Selat solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_cha_beef" title="Sha cha beef">Sha cha beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suea_rong_hai" title="Suea rong hai">Suea rong hai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooter%27s_sandwich" title="Shooter's sandwich">Shooter's sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_Number_Five" title="Soup Number Five">Soup Number Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_kidney_pudding" title="Steak and kidney pudding">Steak and kidney pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_Diane" title="Steak Diane">Steak Diane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_eggs" title="Steak and eggs">Steak and eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_oyster_pie" title="Steak and oyster pie">Steak and oyster pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_au_poivre" title="Steak au poivre">Steak au poivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_(Filipino_cuisine)" title="Tapa (Filipino cuisine)">Tapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_tartare" title="Steak tartare">Tartare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafelspitz" title="Tafelspitz">Tafelspitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiyula_itum" title="Tiyula itum">Tiyula itum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongseng" title="Tongseng">Tongseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veal_Milanese" title="Veal Milanese">Veal Milanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veal_Orloff" title="Veal Orloff">Veal Orloff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veal_Oscar" title="Veal Oscar">Veal Oscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitello_tonnato" title="Vitello tonnato">Vitello tonnato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallenbergare" title="Wallenbergare">Wallenbergare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related meats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beefalo" title="Beefalo">Beefalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">Water buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBubro%C5%84" title="Żubroń">Żubroń</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy" title="Bovine spongiform encephalopathy">Bovine spongiform encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_hormone_controversy" title="Beef hormone controversy">Beef hormone controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_ring" title="Beef ring">Beef ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcass_grade" title="Carcass grade">Carcass grade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkcutter" title="Darkcutter">Darkcutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_on_the_bone" title="Meat on the bone">Meat on the bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ractopamine#Regulations_of_ractopamine_around_the_world" title="Ractopamine">Ractopamine - Beef</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="US_beef_imports15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">US beef imports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_beef_imports_in_Japan" title="United States beef imports in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_beef_imports_in_Taiwan" title="United States beef imports in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_beef_imports_in_South_Korea" title="United States beef imports in South Korea">South Korea</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008_US_beef_protest_in_South_Korea" title="2008 US beef protest in South Korea">2008 US beef protest in South Korea</a>)</li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meat509" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meat" title="Template:Meat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meat" title="Template talk:Meat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meat509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">Meat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">Poultry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">Cassowary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_as_food" title="Chicken as food">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_as_food" title="Duck as food">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">Emu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_as_food" title="Goose as food">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrich_meat" title="Ostrich meat">Ostrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squab" title="Squab">Pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_as_food" title="Quail as food">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FoodMeat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Food meat"><img alt="Food meat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/120px-FoodMeat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/250px-FoodMeat.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="1916" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Platter of seafood"><img alt="Platter of seafood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/120px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/250px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="2029" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beefalo" title="Beefalo">Beefalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_meat" title="Buffalo meat">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Camel meat">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_meat" title="Goat meat">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_meat" title="Donkey meat">Donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snails_as_food" title="Snails as food">Snails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_legs" title="Frog legs">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Guinea pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_meat" title="Horse meat">Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb and mutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBubro%C5%84" title="Żubroń">Żubroń</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_meat" title="Alligator meat">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_as_food" title="Bat as food">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocodile meat">Crocodile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_meat" title="Elephant meat">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox#As_food" title="Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguana_meat" title="Iguana meat">Iguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_meat" title="Kangaroo meat">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_meat" title="Monkey meat">Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouse#As_food" title="Mouse">Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangolin_trade" title="Pangolin trade">Pangolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_meat" title="Rat meat">Rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit#As_food_and_clothing" title="Rabbit">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake#Consumption" title="Snake">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">Venison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting" title="Wolf hunting">Wolf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">Fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies_as_food" title="Anchovies as food">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa_(fish)" title="Basa (fish)">Basa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(fish)" title="Bass (fish)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carp#As_food" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crappie" title="Crappie">Crappie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_as_food" title="Eel as food">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">Flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">Grouper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">Halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_mackerel" title="King mackerel">Kingfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel_as_food" title="Mackerel as food">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahi-mahi" title="Mahi-mahi">Mahi Mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin" title="Marlin">Marlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkfish" title="Milkfish">Milkfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Pacific saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch" title="Perch">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esox" title="Esox">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_meat" title="Shark meat">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">Sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescent_shark" title="Iridescent shark">Swai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna as food">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walleye" title="Walleye">Walleye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">Shellfish</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">Calamari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiton" title="Chiton">Chiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_meat" title="Crab meat">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_as_food" title="Crayfish as food">Crayfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobster as food">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_as_food" title="Octopus as food">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_meat" title="Seal meat">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food" title="Shrimp and prawn as food">Shrimp/prawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea#Culinary" title="Ascidiacea">Sea squirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish_as_food" title="Jellyfish as food">Jellyfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insects_as_food" title="Insects as food">Insects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant_eggs" title="Ant eggs">Ants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetia_illucens" title="Hermetia illucens">Black soldier fly maggots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">Crickets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_flour" title="Cricket flour">Flour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">Grasshoppers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locust</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mealworm" title="Mealworm">Mealworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal_worm" title="Mezcal worm">Mezcal worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombyx_mori" title="Bombyx mori">Silkworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonimbrasia_belina" title="Gonimbrasia belina">Mopane worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophorus" title="Rhynchophorus">Palm grub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuts and<br />preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_hanging" title="Meat hanging">Aged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biltong" title="Biltong">Biltong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braising" title="Braising">Braised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcuterie" title="Charcuterie">Charcuterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_chop" title="Meat chop">Chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confit#Meat_confit" title="Confit">Confit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">Cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlet" title="Cutlet">Cutlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_meat" title="Dried meat">Dried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dum_pukht" title="Dum pukht">Dum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_meat" title="Fermented meat">Fermented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillet_(cut)" title="Fillet (cut)">Fillet</a>/<a href="/wiki/Supreme_(cooking)" title="Supreme (cooking)">supreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcemeat" title="Forcemeat">Forcemeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretons" title="Cretons">Cretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Pâté">Pâté</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frying" title="Frying">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">Frozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">Jerky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_(food)" title="Kidney (food)">Kidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_(food)" title="Liver (food)">Liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunch_meat" title="Lunch meat">Luncheon meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marinated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">Meatloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">Pemmican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching_(cooking)" title="Poaching (cooking)">Poached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potted_meat" title="Potted meat">Potted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rillettes" title="Rillettes">Rillettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting" title="Roasting">Roasted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salting_(food)#Meat" title="Salting (food)">Salt-cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_meat" title="Smoked meat">Smoked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak" title="Steak">Steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew#Types_of_stew" title="Stew">Stewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_tartare" title="Steak tartare">Tartare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_dishes" title="List of meat dishes">Meat dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beef_dishes" title="List of beef dishes">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chicken_dishes" title="List of chicken dishes">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_dishes" title="List of fish dishes">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_goat_dishes" title="List of goat dishes">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lamb_dishes" title="List of lamb dishes">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pork_dishes" title="List of pork dishes">Pork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ham_dishes" title="List of ham dishes">Ham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seafood_dishes" title="List of seafood dishes">Seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_veal_dishes" title="List of veal dishes">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steak_dishes" title="List of steak dishes">Steaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meatball_dishes" title="List of meatball dishes">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods" title="List of smoked foods">Smoked foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sausage_dishes" title="List of sausage dishes">Sausage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_consumption" title="List of countries by meat consumption">Countries by meat consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_production" title="List of countries by meat production">Countries by meat production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions" title="Food and drink prohibitions">Food and drink prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">Meat substitutes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics and<br />psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat" title="Psychology of eating meat">Psychology of eating meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat#Meat_paradox" title="Psychology of eating meat">Meat paradox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Semi-vegetarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_science" title="Meat science">Meat science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_hormone_controversy" title="Beef hormone controversy">Beef hormone controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drip_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Drip loss">Drip loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_conversion_ratio" title="Feed conversion ratio">Feed conversion ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_tenderness" title="Meat tenderness">Tenderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_water_holding_capacity" title="Meat water holding capacity">Water holding capacity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_broker" title="Meat broker">Broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_house_(building)" title="Branch house (building)">Branch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">Butcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_cutter" title="Meat cutter">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_animal_agriculture" title="Environmental impacts of animal agriculture">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Factory farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_jobber" title="Meat jobber">Jobber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-packing_industry" title="Meat-packing industry">Packing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">Slaughter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">Slaughterhouse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachnophagy" title="Arachnophagy">Arachnophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">Cannibalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_diaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat diaper">Meat diaper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomophagy_in_humans" title="Entomophagy in humans">Entomophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_meat" title="Marbled meat">Marbled</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_marbling" title="Artificial marbling">Artificial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_meat" title="Mystery meat">Mystery meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vegetarian_food_in_India" title="Non-vegetarian food in India">Non-vegetarian food in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_slime" title="Pink slime">Pink slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_meat" title="Raw meat">Raw meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">Red meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadkill_cuisine" title="Roadkill cuisine">Roadkill cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmed-over_flavor" title="Warmed-over flavor">Warmed-over flavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_meat" title="White meat">White meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span 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