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<li id="toc-Beginnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Beginnings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s_to_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s_to_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1960s to 1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s_to_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Out_of_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Out_of_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Out of power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Out_of_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996–2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996–2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1996–2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996–2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>2009–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_political_stance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_political_stance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideology and political stance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_political_stance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology and political stance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_political_stance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021_manifesto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021_manifesto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>2021 manifesto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_manifesto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Factions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_in_national_elections_until_1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_in_national_elections_until_1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Performance in national elections until 1993</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_in_national_elections_until_1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Election results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Election results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Legislative results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Councillors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Councillors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>House of Councillors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Councillors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Logos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="الحزب الليبرالي الديمقراطي الياباني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحزب الليبرالي الديمقراطي الياباني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part%C3%ADu_Lliberal_Democr%C3%A1ticu_(Xap%C3%B3n)" title="Partíu Lliberal Democráticu (Xapón) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Partíu Lliberal Democráticu (Xapón)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya_Liberal_Demokrat_Partiyas%C4%B1" title="Yaponiya Liberal Demokrat Partiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaponiya Liberal Demokrat Partiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%AB-i%C3%BB_B%C3%AEn-ch%C3%BA_T%C3%B3ng" title="Chū-iû Bîn-chú Tóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chū-iû Bîn-chú Tóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Ліберальна-дэмакратычная партыя (Японія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліберальна-дэмакратычная партыя (Японія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Либерално-демократическа партия (Япония) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Либерално-демократическа партия (Япония)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_Liberal_Democr%C3%A0tic_del_Jap%C3%B3" title="Partit Liberal Democràtic del Japó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit Liberal Democràtic del Japó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber%C3%A1ln%C4%9B_demokratick%C3%A1_strana_(Japonsko)" title="Liberálně demokratická strana (Japonsko) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liberálně demokratická strana (Japonsko)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberale_Demokratiske_Parti" title="Liberale Demokratiske Parti – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Liberale Demokratiske Parti" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="لحزب ليبرالي ديموقراطي جاپوني – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحزب ليبرالي ديموقراطي جاپوني" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberaldemokratische_Partei_(Japan)" title="Liberaldemokratische Partei (Japan) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liberaldemokratische Partei (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberaaldemokraatlik_Partei_(Jaapan)" title="Liberaaldemokraatlik Partei (Jaapan) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liberaaldemokraatlik Partei (Jaapan)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_(%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Φιλελεύθερο Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα (Ιαπωνία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλελεύθερο Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα (Ιαπωνία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Liberal_Democr%C3%A1tico_(Jap%C3%B3n)" title="Partido Liberal Democrático (Japón) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Liberal Democrático (Japón)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal-Demokrata_Partio_(Japanio)" title="Liberal-Demokrata Partio (Japanio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Liberal-Demokrata Partio (Japanio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderdi_Liberal_Demokratikoa_(Japonia)" title="Alderdi Liberal Demokratikoa (Japonia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alderdi Liberal Demokratikoa (Japonia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86)" title="حزب لیبرال دموکرات (ژاپن) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب لیبرال دموکرات (ژاپن)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_lib%C3%A9ral-d%C3%A9mocrate_(Japon)" title="Parti libéral-démocrate (Japon) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti libéral-démocrate (Japon)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%B9_(%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8)" title="자유민주당 (일본) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자유민주당 (일본)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80)" title="लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (एलडीपी) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (एलडीपी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalna_demokratska_stranka_(Japan)" title="Liberalna demokratska stranka (Japan) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Liberalna demokratska stranka (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberala_Demokrata_Partiso" title="Liberala Demokrata Partiso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Liberala Demokrata Partiso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Demokrat_Liberal_(Jepang)" title="Partai Demokrat Liberal (Jepang) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Demokrat Liberal (Jepang)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frj%C3%A1lslyndi_l%C3%BD%C3%B0r%C3%A6%C3%B0isflokkurinn_(Japan)" title="Frjálslyndi lýðræðisflokkurinn (Japan) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frjálslyndi lýðræðisflokkurinn (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Liberal_Democratico_(Giappone)" title="Partito Liberal Democratico (Giappone) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Liberal Democratico (Giappone)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%9F)" title="המפלגה הליברלית-דמוקרטית (יפן) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המפלגה הליברלית-דמוקרטית (יפן)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იაპონიის ლიბერალურ-დემოკრატიული პარტია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იაპონიის ლიბერალურ-დემოკრატიული პარტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Либералды-демократиялық партия (Жапония) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Либералды-демократиялық партия (Жапония)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal%C5%B3_demokrat%C5%B3_partija_(Japonija)" title="Liberalų demokratų partija (Japonija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liberalų demokratų partija (Japonija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber%C3%A1lis_Demokrata_P%C3%A1rt_(Jap%C3%A1n)" title="Liberális Demokrata Párt (Japán) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Liberális Demokrata Párt (Japán)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB)" title="ലിബെറെൽ ഡെമെക്രാറ്റിക് പാർട്ടി (ജപ്പാൻ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിബെറെൽ ഡെമെക്രാറ്റിക് പാർട്ടി (ജപ്പാൻ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ლიბერალურ-დემოკრატიული პარტია (იაპონია) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლიბერალურ-დემოკრატიული პარტია (იაპონია)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="الحزب الليبرالى الديموقراطى اليابانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحزب الليبرالى الديموقراطى اليابانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Demokratik_Liberal_(Jepun)" title="Parti Demokratik Liberal (Jepun) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Demokratik Liberal (Jepun)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Либерал Ардчилсан Нам (Япон) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Либерал Ардчилсан Нам (Япон)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE_(%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA)" title="လစ်ဘရယ် ဒီမိုကရက်တစ်ပါတီ (ဂျပန်) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လစ်ဘရယ် ဒီမိုကရက်တစ်ပါတီ (ဂျပန်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberaal-Democratische_Partij_(Japan)" title="Liberaal-Democratische Partij (Japan) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liberaal-Democratische Partij (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="自由民主党 (日本) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自由民主党 (日本)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_liberaldemokratiske_parti_(Japan)" title="Det liberaldemokratiske parti (Japan) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det liberaldemokratiske parti (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Liberalno-Demokratyczna_(Japonia)" title="Partia Liberalno-Demokratyczna (Japonia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Liberalno-Demokratyczna (Japonia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Liberal_Democrata_(Jap%C3%A3o)" title="Partido Liberal Democrata (Japão) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Liberal Democrata (Japão)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partidul_Liberal_Democrat_din_Japonia" title="Partidul Liberal Democrat din Japonia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Partidul Liberal Democrat din Japonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Либерально-демократическая партия (Япония) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Либерально-демократическая партия (Япония)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber%C3%A1lno-demokratick%C3%A1_strana_(Japonsko)" title="Liberálno-demokratická strana (Japonsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Liberálno-demokratická strana (Japonsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%B5_(%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%86)" title="پارتی دیموکراتی لیبراڵ (ژاپۆن) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارتی دیموکراتی لیبراڵ (ژاپۆن)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Либерално-демократска партија (Јапан) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Либерално-демократска партија (Јапан)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalna_demokratska_partija_(Japan)" title="Liberalna demokratska partija (Japan) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Liberalna demokratska partija (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanin_liberaalidemokraattinen_puolue" title="Japanin liberaalidemokraattinen puolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Japanin liberaalidemokraattinen puolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberaldemokratiska_partiet_(Japan)" title="Liberaldemokratiska partiet (Japan) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liberaldemokratiska partiet (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal-demokratik_firq%C3%A4_(Yaponi%C3%A4)" title="Liberal-demokratik firqä (Yaponiä) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Liberal-demokratik firqä (Yaponiä)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2_(%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99)" title="พรรคเสรีประชาธิปไตย (ญี่ปุ่น) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พรรคเสรีประชาธิปไตย (ญี่ปุ่น)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҳизби либерал-демократии Ҷопон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳизби либерал-демократии Ҷопон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Demokrat_Parti_(Japonya)" title="Liberal Demokrat Parti (Japonya) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liberal Demokrat Parti (Japonya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97" title="Ліберально-демократична партія Японії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліберально-демократична партія Японії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_D%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7_T%E1%BB%B1_do_(Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3n)" title="Đảng Dân chủ Tự do (Nhật Bản) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Dân chủ Tự do (Nhật Bản)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8" title="自由民主黨 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="自由民主黨" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="日本自民党 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日本自民党" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="自由民主黨 (日本) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="自由民主黨 (日本)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="自由民主党 (日本) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自由民主党 (日本)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The LDP" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/LDP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="LDP (disambiguation)">LDP (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Japan)" title="Democratic Liberal Party (Japan)">Democratic Liberal Party (Japan)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Japan,_2016)" title="Democratic Party (Japan, 2016)">Democratic Party (Japan, 2016)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Japan,_1998)" title="Liberal Party (Japan, 1998)">Liberal Party (Japan, 1998)</a>; or <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Japan,_2016)" title="Liberal Party (Japan, 2016)">Liberal Party (Japan, 2016)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #3CA324; border-bottom:2px solid #3CA324; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Liberal Democratic Party<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">自由民主党</span></span></span></span></div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname"><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Jiyū-Minshutō</i></span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9ALogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9ALogo.svg/180px-%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9ALogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9ALogo.svg/270px-%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9ALogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9ALogo.svg/360px-%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9ALogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">LDP<br />Jimintō</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Vice President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Vice President</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga" title="Yoshihide Suga">Yoshihide Suga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party" title="Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party">Secretary-General</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Moriyama" title="Hiroshi Moriyama">Hiroshi Moriyama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ichiro_Hatoyama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichiro Hatoyama">Ichiro Hatoyama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taketora_Ogata" title="Taketora Ogata">Taketora Ogata</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">15 November 1955<span class="noprint">; 69 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1955-11-15</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Japan,_1950)" title="Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)">Liberal Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Democratic_Party" title="Japan Democratic Party">Japan Democratic Party</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">11–23, <a href="/wiki/Nagatach%C5%8D" title="Nagatachō">Nagatachō</a> 1-chome, <a href="/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo" title="Chiyoda, Tokyo">Chiyoda</a>, Tokyo 100-8910, Japan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Jiyu Minshu</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">LDP Students Division<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LDP_Youth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LDP Youth (page does not exist)">LDP Youth</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="ja:自由民主党青年局">ja</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,091,075 (2023 <abbr title="estimation">est.</abbr>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan">Conservatism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Japanese nationalism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a><sup id="ref_A" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_A">[A]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Right-wing1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Right-wing1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Democracy_Union" title="Asia Pacific Democracy Union">Asia Pacific Democracy Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D7003A; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Red (official)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3CA324; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Green (customary)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><i>日本を守る。成長を力に。</i></span><br /><i>Nihon o mamoru. Seichō o chikara ni.</i><br />('Protect Japan. Turn growth into strength.')<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Anthem</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">"We"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Councillors (Japan)">Councillors</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">114 / 248</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">Representatives</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">197 / 465</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefectures</a><sup id="cite_ref-local_assemblies_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-local_assemblies-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1,301 / 2,644</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Japan" title="Municipalities of Japan">Municipalities</a><sup id="cite_ref-local_assemblies_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-local_assemblies-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2,137 / 29,135</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_Emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Emblem.svg/120px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Emblem.svg/180px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Emblem.svg/240px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li></ul> <p><b>Alternative symbol</b> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LDP_alternative_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/LDP_alternative_symbol.svg/120px-LDP_alternative_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/LDP_alternative_symbol.svg/180px-LDP_alternative_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/LDP_alternative_symbol.svg/240px-LDP_alternative_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="283" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg/200px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg/300px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg/400px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>Japanese</b></li><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimin.jp/">www<wbr />.jimin<wbr />.jp</a></span></li><li><b>English</b></li><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimin.jp/english/">www<wbr />.jimin<wbr />.jp<wbr />/english<wbr />/</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232595#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #3CA324;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Japan" title="List of political parties in Japan">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Japan" title="Elections in Japan">Elections</a></li></ul></div><hr /><span id="cnote_A"><b><a href="#ref_A">^</a></b></span> <b>A:</b> The Liberal Democratic Party is a <a href="/wiki/Big-tent" class="mw-redirect" title="Big-tent">big-tent</a> conservative party (<a href="#Factions">see factions table below</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HookGilson20012_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HookGilson20012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LDP has also been described as <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the LDP has <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-far-right_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-far-right-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">ultraconservative</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> factions, including members belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">ultranationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a>.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Liberal Democratic Party</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">自由民主党</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Jiyū-Minshutō</i></span>)</span>, frequently abbreviated to <b>LDP</b> or <b>Jimintō</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">自民党</span></span>)</span>, is a major <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a><sup id="cite_ref-conservative_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conservative-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">nationalist</a><sup id="cite_ref-nationalist_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Japan" title="List of political parties in Japan">political party in Japan.</a> Since its foundation in 1955, the LDP has been in power almost continuously—a period called the <a href="/wiki/1955_System" title="1955 System">1955 System</a>—except between 1993 and 1994, and again from 2009 to 2012. </p><p>The LDP was formed in 1955 as a merger of two conservative parties, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Japan,_1950)" title="Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)">Liberal Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Democratic_Party" title="Japan Democratic Party">Japan Democratic Party</a>, and was initially led by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Ichir%C5%8D_Hatoyama" title="Ichirō Hatoyama">Ichirō Hatoyama</a>. The LDP supported Japan's alliance with the United States and fostered close links between Japanese business and government, playing a major role in the country's <a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">economic miracle</a> from the 1960s to 1980s under prime ministers including <a href="/wiki/Hayato_Ikeda" title="Hayato Ikeda">Hayato Ikeda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kakuei_Tanaka" title="Kakuei Tanaka">Kakuei Tanaka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yasuhiro_Nakasone" title="Yasuhiro Nakasone">Yasuhiro Nakasone</a>. Scandals and economic difficulties led to the LDP losing power between 1993 and 1994, and governing under a non-LDP prime minister from 1994 to 1996. The LDP regained stability during the premiership of <a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Junichiro Koizumi</a> in the 2000s before achieving its worst-ever electoral result in the <a href="/wiki/2009_Japanese_general_election" title="2009 Japanese general election">2009 election</a>. The party regained control of the government in a landslide victory at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Japanese_general_election" title="2012 Japanese general election">2012 election</a> under <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/2024_Japanese_general_election" title="2024 Japanese general election">2024</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2022 Japanese House of Councillors election">2022</a> elections the LDP currently holds 191 seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">House of Representatives</a> and 119 seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Councillors (Japan)">House of Councillors</a>; the party has governed in coalition with <a href="/wiki/Komeito" title="Komeito">Komeito</a> since 1999. Since the <a href="/wiki/2017_Japanese_general_election" title="2017 Japanese general election">2017 general election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan">Constitutional Democratic Party</a> (CDP) has been its primary opponent in national politics. </p><p>The LDP is often described as a <a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">big tent</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan">conservative</a> party, including factions that range from moderate conservatism to <a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">right-wing nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although lacking a cohesive political ideology, the party's platform has historically supported increased defense spending and, since the 21st century, maintaining close relations with its <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> allies to counter the rise of China as a superpower.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party's history and internal composition has been characterized by intense <a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">factionalism</a> among its members since its emergence in 1955. <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a>, Japan's incumbent prime minister, has served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">party president</a> since 27 September 2024. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Special:EditPage/Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LDP_launching_conventin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/LDP_launching_conventin.jpg/220px-LDP_launching_conventin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/LDP_launching_conventin.jpg/330px-LDP_launching_conventin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/LDP_launching_conventin.jpg/440px-LDP_launching_conventin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>Launching convention, 15 November 1955</figcaption></figure> <p>The LDP was formed in 1955<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a merger between two of Japan's political parties, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Japan,_1950)" title="Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)">Liberal Party</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">自由党</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Jiyutō</i></span>, 1950–1955, led by <a href="/wiki/Taketora_Ogata" title="Taketora Ogata">Taketora Ogata</a>)</span> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Japan,_1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Japan, 1954)">Japan Democratic Party</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本民主党</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nihon Minshutō</i></span>, 1954–1955, led by <a href="/wiki/Ichir%C5%8D_Hatoyama" title="Ichirō Hatoyama">Ichirō Hatoyama</a>)</span>, both conservative parties, as a united front against the then popular <a href="/wiki/Japan_Socialist_Party" title="Japan Socialist Party">Japan Socialist Party</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本社会党</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nipponshakaitō</i></span>)</span>, now the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Social Democratic Party (Japan)">Social Democratic Party</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">社会民主党</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Shakaiminshutō</i></span>)</span>. The party won the following elections, and Japan's first conservative government with a majority was formed by 1955. It would hold majority government until 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-JAPAN'S_TOP_PARTY_LOSES_MAJORITY_IN_1993_GENERAL_ELECTION_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAPAN'S_TOP_PARTY_LOSES_MAJORITY_IN_1993_GENERAL_ELECTION-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The LDP began with reforming <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Japan's international relations</a>, ranging from entry into the United Nations, to establishing diplomatic ties with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Its leaders in the 1950s also made the LDP the main government party, and in all the elections of the 1950s, the LDP won the majority vote, with the only other opposition coming from <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing politics</a>, made up of the Japan Socialist Party and the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Communist_Party" title="Japanese Communist Party">Japanese Communist Party</a>. </p><p>From the 1950s to the early 1970s, the United States <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> spent millions of dollars to aid the LDP against leftist parties such as the Socialists and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Communist_Party" title="Japanese Communist Party">the Communists</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this was not revealed until the mid-1990s when it was exposed by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Details remain classified, while available documents show connections to prime ministers <a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sat%C5%8D%E2%80%93Kishi%E2%80%93Abe_family" title="Satō–Kishi–Abe family">Satō–Kishi–Abe family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s_to_1990s">1960s to 1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1960s to 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the majority of the 1960s, the LDP (and Japan) were led by <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a>, beginning with the hosting of the <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Summer Olympics</a> in Tokyo, and ending in 1972 with Japanese neutrality in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> and with the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Japanese asset price bubble</a>. By the end of the 1970s, the LDP went into its decline, where even though it held the reins of government many scandals plagued the party, while the opposition (now joined with the <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dmeit%C5%8D_(1962%E2%80%931998)" title="Kōmeitō (1962–1998)">Kōmeitō (1962–1998)</a>) gained momentum. </p><p>In 1976, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_bribery_scandals" title="Lockheed bribery scandals">Lockheed bribery scandals</a>, a handful of younger LDP <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Diet</a> members broke away and established their own party, the <a href="/wiki/New_Liberal_Club" title="New Liberal Club">New Liberal Club</a> (Shin Jiyu Kurabu). A decade later, however, it was reabsorbed by the LDP.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 1970s, the Japan Socialist Party, the Japanese Communist Party, and the Komeito along with the international community used major pressure to have Japan switch diplomatic ties from <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan (Republic of China)</a> to the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>. </p><p>In 1983, the LDP was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Democracy_Union" title="International Democracy Union">International Democracy Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimin_Honbu_at_Tokyo_in_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jimin_Honbu_at_Tokyo_in_2018.jpg/220px-Jimin_Honbu_at_Tokyo_in_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jimin_Honbu_at_Tokyo_in_2018.jpg/330px-Jimin_Honbu_at_Tokyo_in_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jimin_Honbu_at_Tokyo_in_2018.jpg/440px-Jimin_Honbu_at_Tokyo_in_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Liberal Democratic Hall Bldg., Headquarters of the LDP in Tokyo</figcaption></figure> <p>The LDP managed to consistently win elections for over three decades, and the LDP's decades in power allowed it to establish a highly stable process of policy formation. This process would not have been possible if other parties had secured parliamentary majorities. LDP strength was based on an enduring, although not unchallenged, coalition of big business, small business, agriculture, professional groups, and other interests. <a href="/wiki/Civil_service_of_Japan" title="Civil service of Japan">Elite bureaucrats</a> collaborated closely with the party and interest groups in drafting and implementing policy. In a sense, the party's success was a result not of its internal strength but of its weakness. It lacked a strong, nationwide organization or consistent ideology with which to attract voters. Its leaders were rarely decisive, charismatic, or popular. But it functioned efficiently as a locus for matching interest group money and votes with bureaucratic power and expertise. This arrangement resulted in corruption, but the party could claim credit for helping to create economic growth and a stable, middle-class Japan. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Despite winning the <a href="/wiki/1986_Japanese_general_election" title="1986 Japanese general election">1986 general election</a> by a landslide, by the end of 1980s, the LDP started to suffer setbacks in elections due to unpopular policies on trade liberalisation and tax, as well as a scandal involving their leader <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dsuke_Uno" title="Sōsuke Uno">Sōsuke Uno</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Recruit_scandal" title="Recruit scandal">Recruit scandal</a>. The party lost its majority in the House of Councillors for the first time in 34 years in the <a href="/wiki/1989_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1989 Japanese House of Councillors election">1989 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Out_of_power">Out of power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Out of power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The LDP managed to hold on to power in <a href="/wiki/1990_Japanese_general_election" title="1990 Japanese general election">1990 Japanese general election</a> despite some losses. In June 1993, 10 members of the party's <a href="/wiki/Liberal-conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal-conservative">liberal-conservative</a> faction split to form the <a href="/wiki/New_Party_Sakigake" title="New Party Sakigake">New Party Sakigake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoover2019_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoover2019-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The end of the postwar miracle economy, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Japanese asset price bubble</a> and other reasons such as the <a href="/wiki/Recruit_scandal" title="Recruit scandal">recruit scandal</a> led to the LDP losing its majority in <a href="/wiki/1993_Japanese_general_election" title="1993 Japanese general election">1993 Japanese general election</a> held in July of that year. </p><p>Seven opposition parties – including several formed by LDP dissidents – formed the <a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Cabinet" title="Hosokawa Cabinet">Hosokawa government</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/Japan_New_Party" title="Japan New Party">Japan New Party</a> leader and LDP dissident <a href="/wiki/Morihiro_Hosokawa" title="Morihiro Hosokawa">Morihiro Hosokawa</a>, who became the Prime Minister preceded by <a href="/wiki/Kiichi_Miyazawa" title="Kiichi Miyazawa">Kiichi Miyazawa</a>. However, the LDP was still far and away the largest party in the House of Representatives, with well over 200 seats; no other individual party crossed the 80-seat mark. <a href="/wiki/Yohei_Kono" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohei Kono">Yohei Kono</a> became the president of the LDP preceded by <a href="/wiki/Kiichi_Miyazawa" title="Kiichi Miyazawa">Kiichi Miyazawa</a>, he was the first non-prime minister LDP leader as the leader of the opposition. </p><p>In 1994, the Japan Socialist Party and New Party Sakigake left the ruling coalition, joining the LDP in the opposition. The remaining members of the coalition tried to stay in power as the minority <a href="/wiki/Hata_Cabinet" title="Hata Cabinet">Hata Cabinet</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Tsutomu_Hata" title="Tsutomu Hata">Tsutomu Hata</a>, but this failed when the LDP and the Socialists, bitter rivals for 40 years, formed a majority coalition. The <a href="/wiki/Murayama_Cabinet" title="Murayama Cabinet">Murayama Cabinet</a> was dominated by the LDP, but it allowed Socialist <a href="/wiki/Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Tomiichi Murayama</a> to occupy the Prime Minister's chair until 1996 when the LDP's <a href="/wiki/Ryutaro_Hashimoto" title="Ryutaro Hashimoto">Ryutaro Hashimoto</a> took over. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996–2009"><span id="1996.E2.80.932009"></span>1996–2009</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1996–2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1996_Japanese_general_election" title="1996 Japanese general election">1996 election</a>, the LDP made some gains but was still 12 seats short of a majority. However, no other party could possibly form a government, and Hashimoto formed a solidly LDP minority government. Through a series of floor-crossings, the LDP regained its majority within a year. </p><p>The party was practically unopposed until 1998 when the opposition <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Japan,_1998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Japan, 1998)">Democratic Party of Japan</a> was formed. This marked the beginning of the opposing parties' gains in momentum, especially in the 2003 and 2004 Parliamentary Elections, that would not slow for another 12 years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the dramatically paced <a href="/wiki/2003_Japanese_general_election" title="2003 Japanese general election">2003 House of Representatives elections</a>, the LDP won 237 seats, while the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Japan,_1998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Japan, 1998)">DPJ</a> won 177 seats. In the 2004 <a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">House of Councillors</a> elections, in the seats up for grabs, the LDP won 49 seats and the DPJ 50, though in all seats (including those uncontested) the LDP still had a total of 114. Because of this electoral loss, former Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> turned in his resignation, but Party President Koizumi merely demoted him in rank, and he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Tsutomu_Takebe" title="Tsutomu Takebe">Tsutomu Takebe</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 10 November 2003, the <a href="/wiki/New_Conservative_Party_(Japan)" title="New Conservative Party (Japan)">New Conservative Party</a> (<i>Hoshu Shintō</i>) was absorbed into the LDP, a move which was largely because of the New Conservative Party's poor showing in the 2003 general election. The LDP formed a coalition with the conservative <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Komeito" class="mw-redirect" title="New Komeito">New Komeito</a> (party founded by <a href="/wiki/Soka_Gakkai" title="Soka Gakkai">Soka Gakkai</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Keiz%C5%8D_Obuchi" title="Keizō Obuchi">Obuchi</a> Second shuffle Cabinet (1999–2000).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After a victory in the <a href="/wiki/2005_Japanese_general_election" title="2005 Japanese general election">2005 Japanese general election</a>, the LDP held an absolute majority in the Japanese <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of Japan">House of Representatives</a> and formed a coalition government with the <a href="/wiki/New_Komeito_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Komeito Party">New Komeito Party</a>. Shinzo Abe succeeded then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Junichir%C5%8D_Koizumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Junichirō Koizumi">Junichirō Koizumi</a> as <a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2006 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">the president of the party on 20 September 2006</a>. The party suffered a major defeat in the election of 2007, however, and lost its majority in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">upper house</a> for the first time in its history.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The LDP remained the largest party in both houses of the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Diet</a>, until 29 July 2007, when the LDP <a href="/wiki/2007_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2007 Japanese House of Councillors election">lost its majority in the upper house</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2007 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">party leadership election</a> held on 23 September 2007, the LDP elected <a href="/wiki/Yasuo_Fukuda" title="Yasuo Fukuda">Yasuo Fukuda</a> as its president. Fukuda defeated <a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_As%C5%8D" title="Tarō Asō">Tarō Asō</a> for the post, receiving 330 votes against 197 votes for Aso.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However Fukuda resigned suddenly in September 2008, and Asō became Prime Minister after <a href="/wiki/2008_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) leadership election">winning the presidency of the LDP in a five-way election</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2009_Japanese_general_election" title="2009 Japanese general election">2009 general election</a>, the LDP was roundly defeated, winning only 118 seats—easily the worst defeat of a sitting government in modern Japanese history, and also the first real transfer of political power in the post-war era. Accepting responsibility for this severe defeat, Aso announced his resignation as LDP president on election night. <a href="/wiki/Sadakazu_Tanigaki" title="Sadakazu Tanigaki">Sadakazu Tanigaki</a> was <a href="/wiki/2009_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2009 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">elected leader of the party on 28 September 2009</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a three-way race, becoming only the second LDP leader who was not simultaneously prime minister.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009–present"><span id="2009.E2.80.93present"></span>2009–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2009–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The party's support continued to decline, with prime ministers changing rapidly, and in the <a href="/wiki/2009_Japanese_general_election" title="2009 Japanese general election">2009 House of Representatives elections</a> the LDP lost its majority, winning only 118 seats, marking the only time they would be out of the majority other than a brief period in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since that time, numerous party members have left to join other parties or form new ones, including <a href="/wiki/Your_Party" title="Your Party">Your Party</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">みんなの党</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Minna no Tō</i></span>)</span>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Party_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunrise Party of Japan">Sunrise Party of Japan</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">たちあがれ日本</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tachiagare Nippon</i></span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Renaissance_Party" title="New Renaissance Party">New Renaissance Party</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">新党改革</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Shintō Kaikaku</i></span>)</span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The party had some success in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2010 Japanese House of Councillors election">2010 House of Councilors election</a>, netting 13 additional seats and denying the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Japan,_1998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Japan, 1998)">DPJ</a> a majority.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abe became the president again in September 2012 after a five-way race. The LDP returned to power with its ally <a href="/wiki/New_Komeito" class="mw-redirect" title="New Komeito">New Komeito</a> after winning a clear majority in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Japanese_general_election" title="2012 Japanese general election">lower house general election on 16 December 2012</a> after just over three years in opposition. Shinzo Abe became Prime Minister for the second time preceded by <a href="/wiki/Yoshihiko_Noda" title="Yoshihiko Noda">Yoshihiko Noda</a> who was the leader of the DPJ.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Japan_Election_Returns_Power_to_Old_Guard_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japan_Election_Returns_Power_to_Old_Guard-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2015, the party pushed for <a href="/wiki/2015_Japanese_military_legislation" title="2015 Japanese military legislation">expanded military powers to fight in foreign conflict</a> through Shinzo Abe and the support of <a href="/wiki/Komeito" title="Komeito">Komeito</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reference_to_NY_times_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reference_to_NY_times-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga" title="Yoshihide Suga">Yoshihide Suga</a> took over from <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> in September 2020 after <a href="/wiki/2020_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2020 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">a three-way race</a>. After Suga declined to run for re-election, successor <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a> led the party to a victory in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Japanese_general_election" title="2021 Japanese general election">October 2021 Japanese general election</a> after <a href="/wiki/2021_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) leadership election">a four-way race</a>, defying expectations.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite support dropping in 2022 after the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Shinzo_Abe" title="Assassination of Shinzo Abe">assassination of Shinzo Abe</a> over connections between various party members and the Unification Church, the party had a good showing in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Japanese_unified_local_elections" title="2023 Japanese unified local elections">2023 Japanese unified local elections</a>, winning over half of the 2260 prefectural assembly seats being contested and six governorship positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 18 to 19 January 2024, following a <a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Japanese_slush_fund_scandal" title="2023–2024 Japanese slush fund scandal">scandal involving failure to report and misuse of ¥600 million in campaign funds</a> by members of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan's conservative <a href="/wiki/Seiwa_Seisaku_Kenky%C5%ABkai" title="Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai">Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shisuikai" title="Shisuikai">Shisuikai</a> factions in violation of Japanese campaign finance and election law, three factions (Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai, Shisuikai, in addition to PM Kishida's <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchikai" title="Kōchikai">Kōchikai</a>) all announced their intention to dissolve entirely in hopes of restoring public trust.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several LDP lawmakers were indicted, including incumbent lawmakers <a href="/wiki/Yasutada_%C5%8Cno" title="Yasutada Ōno">Yasutada Ōno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yaichi_Tanigawa" title="Yaichi Tanigawa">Yaichi Tanigawa</a>, who both resigned from the party following their indictments.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 October 2024, Atsunobu Usuda, age 49, was arrested in Tokyo after attacking the Liberal Democratic Party headquarters with firebombs and crashing into the prime minister's residence, amid rising public frustration with the ruling party ahead of the 27 October 2024 election.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2024_Japanese_general_election" title="2024 Japanese general election">2024 Japanese general election</a>, the governing LDP and its coalition partner <a href="/wiki/New_Komeito_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Komeito Party">Komeito</a> lost their parliamentary majority in the lower house for the first time since <a href="/wiki/2009_Japanese_general_election" title="2009 Japanese general election">2009</a>, with the LDP suffering its second-worst result in its history, securing only 191 seats. The <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan">Constitutional Democratic Party</a> (CDP), the main opposition party led by former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Yoshihiko_Noda" title="Yoshihiko Noda">Yoshihiko Noda</a>, achieved its best result in its history, increasing its seat count from 96 to 148. This was the first general election in Japan since the <a href="/wiki/1955_Japanese_general_election" title="1955 Japanese general election">1955 election</a> wherein no party secured at least 200 seats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_political_stance">Ideology and political stance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ideology and political stance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Category:Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:black;">Liberal Democratic Party <br /> (Japan)</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg/100px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg/150px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg/200px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>1950s</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1955_System" title="1955 System">1955 System</a></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_Joint_Declaration_of_1956" title="Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956">Soviet–Japanese Joint<br />Declaration of 1956</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatomander" title="Hatomander">Hatomander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Mutual_Cooperation_and_Security_Between_the_United_States_and_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States and Japan">U.S.-Japan Security Treaty</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>1960s</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anpo_protests" title="Anpo protests">Anpo protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miike_Struggle" title="Miike Struggle">Miike Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_Doubling_Plan" title="Income Doubling Plan">Income Doubling Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Non-Nuclear_Principles" title="Three Non-Nuclear Principles">Three Non-Nuclear Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanrizuka_Struggle" title="Sanrizuka Struggle">Sanrizuka Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931969_Japanese_university_protests" title="1968–1969 Japanese university protests">1968–1969 Japanese university protests</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>1970s</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1971_Okinawa_Reversion_Agreement" title="1971 Okinawa Reversion Agreement">Okinawa Reversion Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93China_Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Japan–China Joint Communiqué">Japan–China Joint Communiqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_bribery_scandals" title="Lockheed bribery scandals">Lockheed bribery scandals</a></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_and_Friendship_between_Japan_and_China" title="Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China">Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuda_Doctrine" title="Fukuda Doctrine">Fukuda Doctrine</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>1980s</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_National_Railways#History" title="Japanese National Railways">Railway privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Accord" title="Plaza Accord">Plaza Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruit_scandal" title="Recruit scandal">Recruit scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Japanese asset price bubble</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>1990s</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kono_Statement" title="Kono Statement">Kono Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murayama_Statement" title="Murayama Statement">Murayama Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Japanese_general_election" title="1993 Japanese general election">1993 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Japanese_electoral_reform" title="1994 Japanese electoral reform">1994 Japanese electoral reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Decades" title="Lost Decades">Lost Decades</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>2000s</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Central_Government_Reform" title="2001 Central Government Reform">2001 Central Government Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honebuto_no_h%C5%8Dshin" title="Honebuto no hōshin">Honebuto no hōshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_service_privatization#Japan" title="Postal service privatization">Postal service privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Japanese_general_election" title="2009 Japanese general election">2009 general election</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>2010s</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenomics" title="Abenomics">Abenomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Secrecy_Law" title="State Secrecy Law">State Secrecy Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Japanese_military_legislation" title="2015 Japanese military legislation">Reinterpretation of Article 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritomo_Gakuen" title="Moritomo Gakuen">Moritomo Gakuen scandal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>2020s</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Shinzo_Abe" title="Assassination of Shinzo Abe">Assassination of Shinzo Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Japanese_slush_fund_scandal" title="2023–2024 Japanese slush fund scandal">2023–2024 Japanese slush fund scandal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Main ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Japanese nationalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Related ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_statism" title="Corporate statism">Corporate statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Economic conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Japan" title="Liberalism in Japan">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_revisionism" title="Historical revisionism">Historical revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_in_Japan" title="Neoconservatism in Japan">Neoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalistic_conservatism" title="Paternalistic conservatism">Paternalistic conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Related organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Shinto_Shrines" title="Association of Shinto Shrines">Association of Shinto Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Japan" title="CIA activities in Japan">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsu" title="Dentsu">Dentsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Business_Federation" title="Japan Business Federation">Japan Business Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Japan Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_lobby" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan lobby">Japan lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Medical_Association" title="Japan Medical Association">Japan Medical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Chamber_International_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Chamber International Japan">Junior Chamber International Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenkai" title="Koenkai">Local support groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasona" title="Pasona">Pasona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sankei_Shimbun" title="Sankei Shimbun">Sankei Shimbun</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in Japan">Politics in Japan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_sidebar" title="Template:Liberal Democratic Party of Japan sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_sidebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Liberal Democratic Party of Japan sidebar (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_sidebar" 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.tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #36c; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Category:Conservatism in Japan">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154e9d; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism in Japan</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/80px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/120px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/160px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_corporatism" title="Conservative corporatism">Corporate</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Nationalist</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism_in_Japan" title="Ethnic nationalism in Japan">Minzoku</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#Japan" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism_(Japan)" title="Ultranationalism (Japan)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_in_Japan" title="Neoconservatism in Japan">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalistic_conservatism#Japan" title="Paternalistic conservatism">Paternalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism#Japan" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Japan_and_Manchukuo" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Asian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">Bushido</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobility#Japan" title="Nobility">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">Filial piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroism" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroism">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Japanese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanization" title="Japanization">Japanization</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokutai" title="Kokutai">Kokutai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism#Japan" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yamato-damashii" title="Yamato-damashii">Yamato-damashii</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1955_System" title="1955 System">1955 System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abenomics" title="Abenomics">Abenomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Japan" title="CIA activities in Japan">CIA activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan#History" title="Empire of Japan">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_system" title="Emperor system">Emperor system</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tenk%C5%8D" title="Tenkō">Tenkō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Preservation_Law" title="Peace Preservation Law">Peace Preservation Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Purge" title="Red Purge">Red Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare_in_Japan" title="Red Scare in Japan">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion" title="Satsuma Rebellion">Satsuma Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Mutual_Cooperation_and_Security_between_the_United_States_and_Japan" title="Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan">U.S.-Japan Security Treaty</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jun_Et%C5%8D" title="Jun Etō">Etō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuneari_Fukuda" title="Tsuneari Fukuda">Fukuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasuda_Zenmei" title="Hasuda Zenmei">Hasuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirata_Atsutane" title="Hirata Atsutane">Hirata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naoki_Hyakuta" title="Naoki Hyakuta">Hyakuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanokogi_Kazunobu" title="Kanokogi Kazunobu">Kanokogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideo_Kobayashi" title="Hideo Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimazaki_Masaki" title="Shimazaki Masaki">Masaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiro_Mayuzumi" title="Toshiro Mayuzumi">Mayuzumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatsukichi_Minobe" title="Tatsukichi Minobe">Minobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satoru_Mizushima" title="Satoru Mizushima">Mizushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima" title="Yukio Mishima">Mishima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyake_Setsurei" title="Miyake Setsurei">Miyake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Nishibe" title="Susumu Nishibe">Nishibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayashi_%C5%8Cen" title="Hayashi Ōen">Ōen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh_Sonfa" title="Oh Sonfa">Oh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunr%C5%8D_Oshikawa" title="Shunrō Oshikawa">Oshikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshiko_Sakurai" title="Yoshiko Sakurai">Sakurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiga_Shigetaka" title="Shiga Shigetaka">Shiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayako_Sono" title="Ayako Sono">Sono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Sugiyama" title="Koichi Sugiyama">Sugiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._T._Suzuki" title="D. T. Suzuki">Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsunoda_Tadayuki" title="Tsunoda Tadayuki">Tadayuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamamoto_Tsunetomo" title="Yamamoto Tsunetomo">Tsunetomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsuro_Watsuji" title="Tetsuro Watsuji">Watsuji</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hagakure" title="Hagakure">Hagakure</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Recorded 1709–1716)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bushido:_The_Soul_of_Japan" title="Bushido: The Soul of Japan">Bushido: The Soul of Japan</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Tea" title="The Book of Tea">The Book of Tea</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1906)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shinmin_no_Michi" title="Shinmin no Michi">Shinmin no Michi</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Investigation_of_Global_Policy_with_the_Yamato_Race_as_Nucleus" title="An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus">An Investigation of Global Policy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patriotism_(short_story)" title="Patriotism (short story)">Patriotism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun_and_Steel_(essay)" title="Sun and Steel (essay)">Sun and Steel</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1968)</span></li> <li>”<a href="/wiki/The_Japan_That_Can_Say_No" title="The Japan That Can Say No">The Japan That Can Say No</a>” <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dignity_of_the_Nation" title="The Dignity of the Nation">The Dignity of the Nation</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bin_Akao" title="Bin Akao">Akao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_As%C5%8D" title="Tarō Asō">Asō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeo_Fukuda" title="Takeo Fukuda">Fukuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dru_Hashimoto" title="Tōru Hashimoto">Hashimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichir%C5%8D_Hatoyama" title="Ichirō Hatoyama">Hatoyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeo_Hiranuma" title="Takeo Hiranuma">Hiranuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomomi_Inada" title="Tomomi Inada">Inada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jir%C5%8D_Ishiba" title="Jirō Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shintaro_Ishihara" title="Shintaro Ishihara">Ishihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Kawamura_(politician)" title="Takashi Kawamura (politician)">Kawamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranuma_Kiichir%C5%8D" title="Hiranuma Kiichirō">Kiichirō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriko_Koike" title="Yuriko Koike">Koike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Koizumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fumimaro_Konoe" title="Fumimaro Konoe">Konoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dichi_Nakagawa" title="Shōichi Nakagawa">Nakagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuhiro_Nakasone" title="Yasuhiro Nakasone">Nakasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mio_Sugita" title="Mio Sugita">Sugita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsura_Tar%C5%8D" title="Katsura Tarō">Tarō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi" title="Sanae Takaichi">Takaichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Tojo (Hideki)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuko_Tojo" title="Yuko Tojo">Tojo (Yuko)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Japan" title="Conservative Party of Japan">Conservative Party of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_for_the_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party for the People">Democratic Party for the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Japan_Patriotic_Party" title="Greater Japan Patriotic Party">Greater Japan Patriotic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness_Realization_Party" title="Happiness Realization Party">Happiness Realization Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_First_Party" title="Japan First Party">Japan First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Ishin_no_Kai" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon Ishin no Kai">Japan Innovation Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomin_First_no_Kai" title="Tomin First no Kai">Tokyoites First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishin_Seito_Shimpu" title="Ishin Seito Shimpu">Restoration Political Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanseit%C5%8D" title="Sanseitō">Party of Do it Yourself</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rikken_Seiy%C5%ABkai" title="Rikken Seiyūkai">Constitutional Government Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Renewal_Party" title="Japan Renewal Party">Japan Renewal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Restoration_Party" title="Japan Restoration Party">Japan Restoration Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Conservative_Party_(Japan)" title="New Conservative Party (Japan)">New Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Japanese_Kokoro" title="Party for Japanese Kokoro">Party for Japanese Kokoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kib%C5%8D_no_T%C5%8D" title="Kibō no Tō">Party of Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_New_Party" title="People's New Party">People's New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Party" title="Sunrise Party">Sunrise Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Party" title="Your Party">Your Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dentsu" title="Dentsu">Dentsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganbare_Nippon" title="Ganbare Nippon">Ganbare Nippon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Society_for_History_Textbook_Reform" title="Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform">Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seikijuku" title="Seikijuku">Seikijuku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zaitokukai" title="Zaitokukai">Zaitokukai</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dragon_Society" title="Black Dragon Society">Black Dragon Society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geny%C5%8Dsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Genyōsha">Genyōsha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenkokukai" title="Kenkokukai">Kenkokukai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokury%C5%ABkai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokuryūkai">Kokuryūkai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakurakai" title="Sakurakai">Sakurakai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatenokai" title="Tatenokai">Tatenokai</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bungei_Shunj%C5%AB_(magazine)" title="Bungei Shunjū (magazine)">Bungei Shunjū</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">Fuji Television</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Culture_Channel_Sakura" title="Japanese Culture Channel Sakura">Japanese Culture Channel Sakura</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sankei_Shimbun" title="Sankei Shimbun">Sankei Shimbun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shokun!" title="Shokun!">Shokun!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shufu_no_Tomo" title="Shufu no Tomo">Shufu no Tomo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABkan_Shinch%C5%8D" title="Shūkan Shinchō">Shūkan Shinchō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yomiuri_Shimbun" title="Yomiuri Shimbun">Yomiuri Shimbun</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Conservative_Movement" title="Action Conservative Movement">Action Conservative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_conservative" title="Anti-American conservative">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism#Japan" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minzoku-ha" title="Minzoku-ha">Minzoku-ha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Netto-uyoku" title="Netto-uyoku">Netto-uyoku</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_essentialism" title="National essentialism">National essentialism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_shugi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihon shugi">Nihon shugi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Shōwa Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism#Japan" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan">Anti-Chinese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan">Anti-Korean sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobility#Japan" title="Nobility">Nobility</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo">Daimyo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kazoku" title="Kazoku">Kazoku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuge" title="Kuge">Kuge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">Samurai</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C5%8D_ichiu" title="Hakkō ichiu">Hakkō ichiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_history_textbook_controversies" title="Japanese history textbook controversies">History textbooks controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokugaku" title="Kokugaku">Kokugaku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nihonjinron" title="Nihonjinron">Nihonjinron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in Japan">Politics in Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Japan" title="Liberalism in Japan">Liberalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Americanism#Japan" title="Pro-Americanism">Pro-Americanism</a> (postwar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Republic_of_China" title="Pro-Republic of China">Pro-Republic of China</a> (postwar)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yamato_nadeshiko" title="Yamato nadeshiko">Yamato nadeshiko</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasukuni_Shrine" title="Yasukuni Shrine">Yasukuni Shrine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zaibatsu" title="Zaibatsu">Zaibatsu</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Template:Conservatism in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The LDP is usually associated with conservatism,<sup id="cite_ref-conservative_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conservative-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Japanese nationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-nationalist_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and being on the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">political right</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">political spectrum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Right-wing_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Right-wing-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LDP has been described as a variety of disparate ideologies such as <a href="/wiki/Conservative-liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative-liberal">conservative-liberal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kobayashi1976_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kobayashi1976-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-liberalism_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liberalism-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liberal-conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal-conservative">liberal-conservative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Noman2010_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noman2010-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Social-conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Social-conservative">social-conservative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultranationalist">ultranationalist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">ultraconservative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party though has not espoused a well-defined, unified ideology or <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a>, due to its long-term government, and has been described as a "<a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">catch-all</a>" party.<sup id="cite_ref-HookGilson20012_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HookGilson20012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The LDP members hold a variety of positions that could be broadly defined as being to the right of main opposition parties. Many of its ministers, including former Prime Ministers <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga" title="Yoshihide Suga">Yoshihide Suga</a><sup id="cite_ref-2014_reshuffle_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2014_reshuffle-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a>, are/were affiliated with the parliamentary league of <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">ultraconservative</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lobby group. In Japanese politics, the convention is to classify the Liberal Democratic Party and the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Communist_Party" title="Japanese Communist Party">Japanese Communist Party</a> as occupying the conservative and progressive ends of the ideological spectrum respectively. However, this classification has faced challenges, especially among younger generations, since the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-progressive_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-progressive-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The LDP has also been compared<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (September 2024)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to the <a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">corporatist</a>-inspired model of conservative parties, such as the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union of Germany</a>, in its relative openness towards <a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">economic interventionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed market">mixed market</a> coordination and <a href="/wiki/Public_expenditure" class="mw-redirect" title="Public expenditure">public expenditure</a>, when compared to neoliberal orthodoxy.<sup id="cite_ref-Palier2022_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palier2022-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the case of the LDP administration under the <a href="/wiki/1955_System" title="1955 System">1955 System</a> in Japan, their degree of economic control was stronger than that of Western conservative governments; it was also positioned closer to <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yuhikaku_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuhikaku-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1970s, the oil crisis has slowed economic growth and increased the resistance of urban citizens to policies that favor farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-Iio_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iio-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To maintain its dominant position, the LDP sought to expand party supporters by incorporating social security policies and pollution measures advocated by opposition parties.<sup id="cite_ref-Iio_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iio-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also historically closely positioned to <a href="/wiki/Corporate_statism" title="Corporate statism">corporate statism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McNamara_1996_pp._379–397_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNamara_1996_pp._379–397-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Index_Page_for_applet-magic.com_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Index_Page_for_applet-magic.com-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021_manifesto">2021 manifesto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2021 manifesto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 2021 general election, the party released the LDP policy manifesto, titled "Create a new era together with you", which included support for policies such as:<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-japantimes.co.jp_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japantimes.co.jp-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">Wealth redistribution</a> to revive the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Japan" title="Economy of Japan">Japanese economy</a> and empowering the middle class</li> <li>Tax breaks for corporations willing to raise wages</li> <li>Advance administrative reforms to facilitate digitalization</li> <li>High investment in science and technology and increased funds for university research</li> <li>Secure robust supply chains for critical materials, such as rare earths</li> <li>Continued development of nuclear fusion power generation, and expansion of renewable energy to achieve <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutral" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutral">carbon neutrality</a> by 2050</li> <li>Reaching UN 2030 <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> targets</li> <li>Offer subsidies for enterprises if they move into new industries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Electronic COVID-19 vaccine passports</a></li> <li>Expanding support for small and medium businesses hit by the COVID-19 pandemic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_reform_in_Japan" title="Constitutional reform in Japan">Constitutional amendments</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Japanese_constitutional_referendum" title="Proposed Japanese constitutional referendum">proposed Japanese constitutional referendum</a> to formalize the current existence of the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan Self-Defense Forces</a> in <a href="/wiki/Article_9_of_the_Japanese_Constitution" title="Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution">Article 9 of the Constitution</a> and creating an emergency response clause</li> <li>Raising Japan's defense budget from the current 1% to "two percent or more" of gross domestic product (GDP) and enhancing Japan's defense capabilities</li> <li>Advance understanding of <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Japan">LGBT rights</a>, although the party is not in favor of <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Japan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan">same-sex marriage</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SSM_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSM-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 50% of its election candidates being "undecided" and those opposed largely outnumbering those in favor<sup id="cite_ref-asahi.com_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asahi.com-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Acceptance of foreign workers and improving management to cover labor shortages</li> <li>Support <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>'s bid to join the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">CPTPP</a> agreement and <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> observer status</li> <li>Promoting further nuclear disarmament and nuclear nonproliferation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Factions">Factions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Factions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Special:EditPage/Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since the genesis of the Liberal Democratic Party in 1955, history and internal composition has been characterized by intense <a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">factionalism</a> among its members since its emergence in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the change of factions, their history can be traced back to their 1955 roots, a testament to the stability and institutionalized nature of Liberal Democratic Party factions.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party's history and internal composition have been characterized by intense <a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">factionalism</a> ever since its emergence in 1955, with its parliamentary members currently split among six factions, each of which vies for influence in the party and the government.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous Prime Minister and party president, <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a>, was the leader of the now defunct <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchikai" title="Kōchikai">Kōchikai</a> faction from 2012 until his resignation in 2023. </p><p>Current factions in the LDP include: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Ideology </th> <th>Political position </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Members </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shik%C5%8Dkai" title="Shikōkai">Shikōkai</a></li><li>志公会</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan">Conservatism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">Big tent</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_As%C5%8D" title="Tarō Asō">Tarō Asō</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">56 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heisei_Kenky%C5%ABkai" title="Heisei Kenkyūkai">Heisei Kenkyūkai</a></li><li>平成研究会</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan">Conservatism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toshimitsu_Motegi" title="Toshimitsu Motegi">Toshimitsu Motegi</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">53 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinmirai_Seiji_Kenky%C5%ABkai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinmirai Seiji Kenkyūkai (page does not exist)">Kinmirai Seiji Kenkyūkai</a></li><li>?</li></ul></div> </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Moriyama" title="Hiroshi Moriyama">Hiroshi Moriyama</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suigetsukai" class="mw-redirect" title="Suigetsukai">Suigetsukai</a></li><li>?</li></ul></div> </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Independent </td> <td colspan="3">N/A </td> <td style="text-align:center;">78 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the apex of the LDP's formal organization is the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">president</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">総裁</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">sōsai</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, who can serve three<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> three-year terms. (The presidential term was increased from two years to three years in 2002 and from two to three terms in 2017). When the party has a parliamentary majority, the party president is the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">prime minister</a>. The choice of party president is formally that of a party convention composed of <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Diet</a> members and local LDP figures, but in most cases, they merely approved the joint decision of the most powerful party leaders. To make the system more democratic, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Takeo_Fukuda" title="Takeo Fukuda">Takeo Fukuda</a> introduced a "primary" system in 1978, which opened the balloting to some 1.5 million LDP members. The process was so costly and acrimonious, however, that it was subsequently abandoned in favor of the old "<a href="/wiki/Smoke-filled_room" title="Smoke-filled room">smoke-filled room</a>" method—so-called in allusion to the notion of closed discussions held in small rooms filled with <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">tobacco smoke</a>. </p><p>After the party president, the most important LDP officials are the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party" title="Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party">Secretary-General</a> (<i>kanjicho</i>), the chairmen of the LDP Executive Council (<i>somukaicho</i>), and of the Policy Affairs Research Council or "PARC"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">政務調査会</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">seimu chōsakai</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)</a></div> <p>As of 12 November 2024:<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Position </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">House </th> <th scope="col">Faction </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">President</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <th>Senior Advisor </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Taro_Aso" class="mw-redirect" title="Taro Aso">Taro Aso</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shik%C5%8Dkai" title="Shikōkai">Shikōkai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Vice President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Vice President</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga" title="Yoshihide Suga">Yoshihide Suga</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party" title="Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party">Secretary-General</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Moriyama" title="Hiroshi Moriyama">Hiroshi Moriyama</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chairperson, General Council </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Shunichi_Suzuki_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunichi Suzuki (politician)">Shunichi Suzuki</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shik%C5%8Dkai" title="Shikōkai">Shikōkai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chairperson, Policy Affairs Research Council </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Itsunori_Onodera" title="Itsunori Onodera">Itsunori Onodera</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chairperson, Election Strategy Committee </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Seiji_Kihara" title="Seiji Kihara">Seiji Kihara</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chairperson, Party Organization and Movement Headquarters </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuko_Obuchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuko Obuchi">Yuko Obuchi</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chairperson, Public Relations Headquarters </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Takuya_Hirai" title="Takuya Hirai">Takuya Hirai</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chairperson, Diet Affairs Committee </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tetsushi_Sakamoto" title="Tetsushi Sakamoto">Tetsushi Sakamoto</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <th>Executive Deputy Secretary-General </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tatsuo_Fukuda" title="Tatsuo Fukuda">Tatsuo Fukuda</a> </td> <td>Representatives </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chairperson, General Assembly of Party Members of the House of Councillors </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Keizo_Takemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Keizo Takemi">Keizo Takemi</a> </td> <td>Councillors </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <th>Secretary-General for the LDP in the House of Councillors </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Masaji_Matsuyama" title="Masaji Matsuyama">Masaji Matsuyama</a> </td> <td>Councillors </td> <td>None </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The LDP had over 5.5 million party members in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 2017, membership had dropped to approximately one million members.<sup id="cite_ref-jimin1_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jimin1-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the LDP had 1,091,075 members, a decrease of 33,688 from the year before.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance_in_national_elections_until_1993">Performance in national elections until 1993</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Performance in national elections until 1993"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Special:EditPage/Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Japan" title="Elections in Japan">Elections in Japan</a></div> <p>Election statistics show that, while the LDP had been able to secure a majority in the twelve House of Representatives elections from May 1958 to February 1990, with only three exceptions (December 1976, October 1979, and December 1983), its share of the popular vote had declined from a high of 57.8% in May 1958 to a low of 41.8% in December 1976, when voters expressed their disgust with the party's involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_bribery_scandals#Japan" title="Lockheed bribery scandals">Lockheed scandal</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The LDP vote rose again between 1979 and 1990. Although the LDP won an unprecedented 300 seats in the July 1986 balloting, its share of the popular vote remained just under 50%. The figure was 46.2% in February 1990. Following the three occasions when the LDP found itself a handful of seats shy of a majority, it was obliged to form alliances with conservative independents and the breakaway New Liberal Club. In a cabinet appointment after the October 1983 balloting, a non-LDP minister, a member of the New Liberal Club, was appointed for the first time. On 18 July 1993, in lower house elections, the LDP fell so far short of a majority that it was unable to form a government. </p><p>In the upper house, the July 1989 election represented the first time that the LDP was forced into a minority position. In previous elections, it had either secured a majority on its own or recruited non-LDP conservatives to make up the difference of a few seats. </p><p>The political crisis of 1988–89 was testimony to both the party's strength and its weakness. In the wake of a succession of issues—the pushing of a highly unpopular <a href="/wiki/Consumption_tax" title="Consumption tax">consumer tax</a> through the Diet in late 1988, the <a href="/wiki/Recruit_scandal" title="Recruit scandal">Recruit insider trading scandal</a>, which tainted virtually all top LDP leaders and forced the resignation of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Takeshita_Noboru" class="mw-redirect" title="Takeshita Noboru">Takeshita Noboru</a> in April (a successor did not appear until June), the resignation in July of his successor, <a href="/wiki/Uno_S%C5%8Dsuke" class="mw-redirect" title="Uno Sōsuke">Uno Sōsuke</a>, because of a sex scandal, and the poor showing in the upper house election—the media provided the Japanese with a detailed and embarrassing dissection of the political system. By March 1989, popular support for the Takeshita cabinet as expressed in public opinion polls had fallen to 9%. Uno's scandal, covered in magazine interviews of a "kiss and tell" <a href="/wiki/Geisha" title="Geisha">geisha</a>, aroused the fury of female voters. </p><p>Uno's successor, the eloquent if obscure <a href="/wiki/Kaifu_Toshiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaifu Toshiki">Kaifu Toshiki</a>, was successful in repairing the party's battered image. By January 1990, talk of the waning of conservative power and a possible socialist government had given way to the realization that, like the Lockheed affair of the mid-1970s, the Recruit scandal did not signal a significant change in who ruled Japan. The February 1990 general election gave the LDP, including affiliated independents, a comfortable, if not spectacular, majority: 275 of 512 total representatives. </p><p>In October 1991, Prime Minister Kaifu Toshiki failed to attain passage of a political reform bill and was rejected by the LDP, despite his popularity with the electorate. He was replaced as prime minister by <a href="/wiki/Miyazawa_Kiichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Miyazawa Kiichi">Miyazawa Kiichi</a>, a long-time LDP stalwart. Defections from the LDP began in the spring of 1992, when <a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Morihiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosokawa Morihiro">Hosokawa Morihiro</a> left the LDP to form the <a href="/wiki/Japan_New_Party" title="Japan New Party">Japan New Party</a>. Later, in the summer of 1993, when the Miyazawa government also failed to pass political reform legislation, thirty-nine LDP members joined the opposition in a no-confidence vote. In the ensuing lower house election, more than fifty LDP members formed the <a href="/wiki/Shinseit%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinseitō">Shinseitō</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Party_Sakigake" title="New Party Sakigake">Sakigake</a> parties, denying the LDP the majority needed to form a government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_results">Legislative results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legislative results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">House of Representatives</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th rowspan="2">No. of<br />candidates </th> <th colspan="3">Seats </th> <th rowspan="2">Position </th> <th colspan="2">Constituency votes </th> <th colspan="2">PR Block votes </th> <th rowspan="2">Status </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. </th> <th>± </th> <th>Share </th> <th>No. </th> <th>Share </th> <th>No. </th> <th>Share </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1958_Japanese_general_election" title="1958 Japanese general election">1958</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a> </td> <td>413 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">289 / 467</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td>61.8% </td> <td>1st </td> <td>22,976,846 </td> <td>57.80% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1960_Japanese_general_election" title="1960 Japanese general election">1960</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hayato_Ikeda" title="Hayato Ikeda">Hayato Ikeda</a> </td> <td>399 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">296 / 467</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td> <td>64.2% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>22,740,272 </td> <td>57.56% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1963_Japanese_general_election" title="1963 Japanese general election">1963</a> </th> <td>359 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">283 / 467</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17 </td> <td>60.5% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>22,423,915 </td> <td>54.67% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1967_Japanese_general_election" title="1967 Japanese general election">1967</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a> </td> <td>342 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">277 / 486</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td>56.9% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>22,447,838 </td> <td>48.80% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1969_Japanese_general_election" title="1969 Japanese general election">1969</a> </th> <td>328 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">288 / 486</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td> <td>59.2% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>22,381,570 </td> <td>47.63% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1972_Japanese_general_election" title="1972 Japanese general election">1972</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanaka_Kakuei" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanaka Kakuei">Kakuei Tanaka</a> </td> <td>339 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">271 / 491</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17 </td> <td>55.1% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>24,563,199 </td> <td>46.85% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1976_Japanese_general_election" title="1976 Japanese general election">1976</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Takeo_Miki" title="Takeo Miki">Takeo Miki</a> </td> <td>320 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">249 / 511</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22 </td> <td>48.7% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>23,653,626 </td> <td>41.78% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_Japanese_general_election" title="1979 Japanese general election">1979</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Masayoshi_%C5%8Chira" title="Masayoshi Ōhira">Masayoshi Ōhira</a> </td> <td>322 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">248 / 511</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td>48.5% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>24,084,131 </td> <td>44.59% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1980_Japanese_general_election" title="1980 Japanese general election">1980</a> </th> <td>310 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">284 / 511</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 36 </td> <td>55.5% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>28,262,442 </td> <td>47.88% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1983_Japanese_general_election" title="1983 Japanese general election">1983</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yasuhiro_Nakasone" title="Yasuhiro Nakasone">Yasuhiro Nakasone</a> </td> <td>339 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">250 / 511</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34 </td> <td>48.9% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>25,982,785 </td> <td>45.76% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-<a href="/wiki/New_Liberal_Club" title="New Liberal Club">NLC</a> coalition </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1986_Japanese_general_election" title="1986 Japanese general election">1986</a> </th> <td>322 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">300 / 512</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 50 </td> <td>58.5% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>29,875,501 </td> <td>49.42% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1990_Japanese_general_election" title="1990 Japanese general election">1990</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Toshiki_Kaifu" title="Toshiki Kaifu">Toshiki Kaifu</a> </td> <td>338 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">275 / 512</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25 </td> <td>53.7% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>30,315,417 </td> <td>46.14% </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1993_Japanese_general_election" title="1993 Japanese general election">1993</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kiichi_Miyazawa" title="Kiichi Miyazawa">Kiichi Miyazawa</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">285 </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">223 / 511</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 52 </td> <td rowspan="2">43.6% </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td rowspan="2">22,999,646 </td> <td rowspan="2">36.62% </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition<br />(until 1994) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-<a href="/wiki/Japanese_Socialist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Socialist Party">JSP</a>-<a href="/wiki/New_Party_Sakigake" title="New Party Sakigake">NPS</a> coalition<br />(since 1994) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1996_Japanese_general_election" title="1996 Japanese general election">1996</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ryutaro_Hashimoto" title="Ryutaro Hashimoto">Ryutaro Hashimoto</a> </td> <td>355 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">239 / 500</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16 </td> <td>47.8% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>21,836,096 </td> <td>38.63% </td> <td>18,205,955 </td> <td>32.76% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Social Democratic Party (Japan)">SDP</a>-<a href="/wiki/New_Party_Sakigake" title="New Party Sakigake">NPS</a> coalition </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2000_Japanese_general_election" title="2000 Japanese general election">2000</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoshir%C5%8D_Mori" title="Yoshirō Mori">Yoshirō Mori</a> </td> <td>337 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">233 / 480</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td>48.5% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>24,945,806 </td> <td>40.97% </td> <td>16,943,425 </td> <td>28.31% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-<a href="/wiki/Komeito" title="Komeito">Komeito</a>-<a href="/wiki/New_Conservative_Party_(Japan)" title="New Conservative Party (Japan)">NCP</a> coalition </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2003_Japanese_general_election" title="2003 Japanese general election">2003</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Junichiro Koizumi</a> </td> <td>336 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">237 / 480</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td>49.3% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>26,089,326 </td> <td>43.85% </td> <td>20,660,185 </td> <td>34.96% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-Komeito coalition </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2005_Japanese_general_election" title="2005 Japanese general election">2005</a> </th> <td>346 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">296 / 480</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 59 </td> <td>61.6% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>32,518,389 </td> <td>47.80% </td> <td>25,887,798 </td> <td>38.20% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-Komeito coalition </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_Japanese_general_election" title="2009 Japanese general election">2009</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_As%C5%8D" title="Tarō Asō">Tarō Asō</a> </td> <td>326 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">119 / 480</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 177 </td> <td>24.7% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2nd </td> <td>27,301,982 </td> <td>38.68% </td> <td>18,810,217 </td> <td>26.73% </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2012_Japanese_general_election" title="2012 Japanese general election">2012</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> </td> <td>337 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">294 / 480</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 175 </td> <td>61.2% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>25,643,309 </td> <td>43.01% </td> <td>16,624,457 </td> <td>27.79% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-Komeito coalition </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_Japanese_general_election" title="2014 Japanese general election">2014</a> </th> <td>352 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">291 / 475</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td>61.2% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>25,461,427 </td> <td>48.10% </td> <td>17,658,916 </td> <td>33.11% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-Komeito coalition </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2017_Japanese_general_election" title="2017 Japanese general election">2017</a> </th> <td>332 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">284 / 465</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td> <td>61.0% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>26,719,032 </td> <td>48.21% </td> <td>18,555,717 </td> <td>33.28% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-Komeito coalition </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Japanese_general_election" title="2021 Japanese general election">2021</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a> </td> <td>338 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">259 / 465</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25 </td> <td>55.7% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>27,626,235 </td> <td>48.08% </td> <td>19,914,883 </td> <td>34.66% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-Komeito coalition </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_Japanese_general_election" title="2024 Japanese general election">2024</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a> </td> <td>342 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">191 / 465</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 68 </td> <td>41.1% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1st </td> <td>20,867,762 </td> <td>38.46% </td> <td>14,582,690 </td> <td>26.73% </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">LDP-Komeito minority coalition </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="House_of_Councillors">House of Councillors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: House of Councillors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">House of Councillors</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th colspan="2">Seats </th> <th colspan="2">Nationwide<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">Prefecture </th> <th rowspan="2">Status </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Contested </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1956_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1956 Japanese House of Councillors election">1956</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ichir%C5%8D_Hatoyama" title="Ichirō Hatoyama">Ichirō Hatoyama</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">122 / 250</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">61 / 125</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>11,356,874 </td> <td>39.7% </td> <td>14,353,960 </td> <td>48.4% </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Governing minority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1959_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1959 Japanese House of Councillors election">1959</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">132 / 250</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">71 / 125</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>12,120,598 </td> <td>41.2% </td> <td>15,667,022 </td> <td>52.0% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1962_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1962 Japanese House of Councillors election">1962</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hayato_Ikeda" title="Hayato Ikeda">Hayato Ikeda</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">142 / 250</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">69 / 125</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>16,581,637 </td> <td>46.4% </td> <td>17,112,986 </td> <td>47.1% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1965_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1965 Japanese House of Councillors election">1965</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">140 / 251</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">71 / 125</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>17,583,490 </td> <td>47.2% </td> <td>16,651,284 </td> <td>44.2% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1968_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1968 Japanese House of Councillors election">1968</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">137 / 250</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">69 / 125</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>20,120,089 </td> <td>46.7% </td> <td>19,405,546 </td> <td>44.9% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1971_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1971 Japanese House of Councillors election">1971</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">131 / 249</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">62 / 125</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>17,759,395 </td> <td>44.5% </td> <td>17,727,263 </td> <td>44.0% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1974_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1974 Japanese House of Councillors election">1974</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kakuei_Tanaka" title="Kakuei Tanaka">Kakuei Tanaka</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">126 / 250</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">62 / 125</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>23,332,773 </td> <td>44.3% </td> <td>21,132,372 </td> <td>39.5% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1977_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1977 Japanese House of Councillors election">1977</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Takeo_Fukuda" title="Takeo Fukuda">Takeo Fukuda</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">125 / 249</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">63 / 125</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>18,160,061 </td> <td>35.8% </td> <td>20,440,157 </td> <td>39.5% </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Governing minority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1980_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1980 Japanese House of Councillors election">1980</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Masayoshi_%C5%8Chira" title="Masayoshi Ōhira">Masayoshi Ōhira</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">135 / 250</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">69 / 125</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>23,778,190 </td> <td>43.3% </td> <td>24,533,083 </td> <td>42.5% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1983_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1983 Japanese House of Councillors election">1983</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yasuhiro_Nakasone" title="Yasuhiro Nakasone">Yasuhiro Nakasone</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">137 / 252</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">68 / 126</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>16,441,437 </td> <td>35.3% </td> <td>19,975,034 </td> <td>43.2% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1986_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1986 Japanese House of Councillors election">1986</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">143 / 252</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">72 / 126</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>22,132,573 </td> <td>38.58% </td> <td>26,111,258 </td> <td>45.07% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1989 Japanese House of Councillors election">1989</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dsuke_Uno" title="Sōsuke Uno">Sōsuke Uno</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">109 / 252</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 43%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">36 / 126</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>15,343,455 </td> <td>27.32% </td> <td>17,466,406 </td> <td>30.70% </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Governing minority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1992_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1992 Japanese House of Councillors election">1992</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kiichi_Miyazawa" title="Kiichi Miyazawa">Kiichi Miyazawa</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">106 / 252</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="3"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">68 / 126</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="3">14,961,199 </td> <td rowspan="3">33.29% </td> <td rowspan="3">20,528,293 </td> <td rowspan="3">45.23% </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Governing minority<br />(until 1993) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Minority<br />(1993–1994) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-<a href="/wiki/Japanese_Socialist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Socialist Party">JSP</a>-<a href="/wiki/New_Party_Sakigake" title="New Party Sakigake">NPS</a> governing majority<br />(since 1994) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1995_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1995 Japanese House of Councillors election">1995</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dhei_K%C5%8Dno" title="Yōhei Kōno">Yōhei Kōno</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">111 / 252</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">46 / 126</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>10,557,547 </td> <td>25.40% </td> <td>11,096,972 </td> <td>27.29% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP-JSP-NPS governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1998_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="1998 Japanese House of Councillors election">1998</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ryutaro_Hashimoto" title="Ryutaro Hashimoto">Ryutaro Hashimoto</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">102 / 252</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">44 / 126</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">14,128,719 </td> <td rowspan="2">25.17% </td> <td rowspan="2">17,033,851 </td> <td rowspan="2">30.45% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP–(<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Japan,_1998)" title="Liberal Party (Japan, 1998)">Lib.</a>–<a href="/wiki/Komeito" title="Komeito">Komeito</a>) governing majority<br />(until 2000) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP–Komeito–<a href="/wiki/New_Conservative_Party_(Japan)" title="New Conservative Party (Japan)">NCP</a> governing majority<br />(since 2000) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2001_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2001 Japanese House of Councillors election">2001</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Junichiro Koizumi</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">111 / 247</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">64 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">21,114,727 </td> <td rowspan="2">38.57% </td> <td rowspan="2">22,299,825 </td> <td rowspan="2">41.04% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP–Komeito–NCP governing majority<br />(until 2003) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP–Komeito governing majority<br />(since 2003) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2004 Japanese House of Councillors election">2004</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">115 / 242</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">49 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>16,797,686 </td> <td>30.03% </td> <td>19,687,954 </td> <td>35.08% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP–Komeito governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2007_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2007 Japanese House of Councillors election">2007</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">83 / 242</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">37 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">16,544,696 </td> <td rowspan="2">28.1% </td> <td rowspan="2">18,606,193 </td> <td rowspan="2">31.35% </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">LDP–Komeito governing minority<br />(until 2009) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Minority<br />(since 2009) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2010_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2010 Japanese House of Councillors election">2010</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sadakazu_Tanigaki" title="Sadakazu Tanigaki">Sadakazu Tanigaki</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">84 / 242</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">51 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">14,071,671 </td> <td rowspan="2">24.07% </td> <td rowspan="2">19,496,083 </td> <td rowspan="2">33.38% </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Minority<br />(until 2012) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">LDP–Komeito governing minority<br />(since 2012) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2013_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2013 Japanese House of Councillors election">2013</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">115 / 242</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">65 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>18,460,404 </td> <td>34.7% </td> <td>22,681,192 </td> <td>42.7% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP–Komeito governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2016_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2016 Japanese House of Councillors election">2016</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">121 / 242</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">56 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>20,114,833 </td> <td>35.9% </td> <td>22,590,793 </td> <td>39.9% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP–Komeito governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2019 Japanese House of Councillors election">2019</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">113 / 245</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">57 / 124</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>17,712,373 </td> <td>35.37% </td> <td>20,030,330 </td> <td>39.77% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP–Komeito governing majority </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2022 Japanese House of Councillors election">2022</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">119 / 248</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">63 / 125</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3CA324; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>18,256,245 </td> <td>34.43% </td> <td>20,603,298 </td> <td>38.74% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">LDP–Komeito governing majority </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logos">Logos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Logos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liberal Democratic Party's logo (before 2017)"><img alt="Liberal Democratic Party's logo (before 2017)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_logo.svg/120px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_logo.svg/180px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_logo.svg/240px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="159" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Liberal Democratic Party's logo (before 2017)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_(Red).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liberal Democratic Party's red variant logo (since 2017)"><img alt="Liberal Democratic Party's red variant logo (since 2017)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_%28Red%29.svg/120px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_%28Red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_%28Red%29.svg/180px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_%28Red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_%28Red%29.svg/240px-Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan_%28Red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="159" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Liberal Democratic Party's red variant logo (since 2017)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official colour before 2017; still used on the English website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">われら</span></span>"<br />"Ware-ra"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From 1947 to 1980, 50 members were elected through a nationwide constituency, known as the "national block" (<a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">Plurality-at-large voting</a>). It was replaced in 1983 by a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_House_of_Councillors_national_proportional_representation_block" title="Japanese House of Councillors national proportional representation block">proportional representation block</a> with closed lists. In 2001, the PR block was reduced to 48 members with <a href="/wiki/Open_list#Most_open" title="Open list">most open lists</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Upper house is split in two classes, one elected every three years.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/country-studies/about-this-collection/"><i>Country Studies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Country+Studies&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcollections%2Fcountry-studies%2Fabout-this-collection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/jptoc.html">Japan Country Studies – Library of Congress</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEndoPekkanen2018" class="citation book cs1">Endo, Masahisa; Pekkanen, Robert (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=poN1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1626">"The LDP: Return to Dominance? Or a Golden Age Built on Sand?"</a>. In Pekkanen, Robert (ed.). <i>Critical Readings on the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan</i>. Vol. 4. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. p. 1626. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-38055-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-38055-4"><bdi>978-90-04-38055-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2023</span>. <q>The <i>Jiyu Minshu</i>, the LDP's party paper, began to focus on rural development from June 2014.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+LDP%3A+Return+to+Dominance%3F+Or+a+Golden+Age+Built+on+Sand%3F&rft.btitle=Critical+Readings+on+the+Liberal+Democratic+Party+in+Japan&rft.pages=1626&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-90-04-38055-4&rft.aulast=Endo&rft.aufirst=Masahisa&rft.au=Pekkanen%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpoN1DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tokyo-jimin.jp/students/">"自民党学生部"</a>. <i>www.tokyo-jimin.jp</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tokyo-jimin.jp&rft.atitle=%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E9%83%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokyo-jimin.jp%2Fstudents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Right-wing1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Right-wing1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorian_Coulmas2023" class="citation book cs1">Florian Coulmas, ed. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gua3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88"><i>Japanese Propriety, Past and Present: Disciplined Liberalism</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000885835" title="Special:BookSources/9781000885835"><bdi>9781000885835</bdi></a>. <q>... in Japan's post-war political discourse often supporting leftist and socialist positions opposed to the ruling right-wing Liberal Democratic Party, which has always been favoured by Washington.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Propriety%2C+Past+and+Present%3A+Disciplined+Liberalism&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781000885835&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGua3EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/japan-right-wing-liberal-democratic-party-dominates-parliamentary-election-2022-7">"Japan's right-wing Liberal Democratic Party dominates parliamentary election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+right-wing+Liberal+Democratic+Party+dominates+parliamentary+election&rft.date=2022-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fjapan-right-wing-liberal-democratic-party-dominates-parliamentary-election-2022-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShorrock2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Shorrock, Tim (27 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/south-korea-japan-cold-war/">"In a Major Shift, South Korea Defies Its Alliance With Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=In+a+Major+Shift%2C+South+Korea+Defies+Its+Alliance+With+Japan&rft.date=2019-08-27&rft.aulast=Shorrock&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Farchive%2Fsouth-korea-japan-cold-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkito_Okada2022" class="citation book cs1">Akito Okada, ed. (2022). <i>Japan's School Curriculum for The 2020s: Politics, Policy, and Pedagogy</i>. Springer Nature. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811920769" title="Special:BookSources/9789811920769"><bdi>9789811920769</bdi></a>. <q>In the case of Japan, the ideological basis of the right-wing LDP had almost no element of liberal (as in libertarian) thought, such as reliance on anti-nationalist liberalism and individualism, or vigilance against a centrally planned economy and welfare system.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+School+Curriculum+for+The+2020s%3A+Politics%2C+Policy%2C+and+Pedagogy&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9789811920769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArve_HansenJo_Inge_BekkevoldKristen_Nordhaug2020" class="citation book cs1">Arve Hansen; Jo Inge Bekkevold; Kristen Nordhaug, eds. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gkwFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA318"><i>The Socialist Market Economy in Asia: Development in China, Vietnam and Laos</i></a>. Springer Nature. p. 318. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811562488" title="Special:BookSources/9789811562488"><bdi>9789811562488</bdi></a>. <q>Japan's economic miracle was largely formed under the leadership of the conservative right-wing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Socialist+Market+Economy+in+Asia%3A+Development+in+China%2C+Vietnam+and+Laos&rft.pages=318&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9789811562488&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgkwFEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLam_Peng_ErPurnendra_Jain2020" class="citation book cs1">Lam Peng Er; Purnendra Jain, eds. (2020). <i>Japan's Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Continuity and Change</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498587969" title="Special:BookSources/9781498587969"><bdi>9781498587969</bdi></a>. <q>The rising tide of hawkish nationalism and historical revisionism spearheaded by the right-wing LDP Prime Minister Abe Shinzo in recent decades seems to confirm the doubt.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Foreign+Policy+in+the+Twenty-First+Century%3A+Continuity+and+Change&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781498587969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_Alexander2018" class="citation web cs1">Arthur Alexander (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mansfieldfdn.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Expert_Voices-FINAL.pdf">"Expert Voices on Japan: Security, Economic, Social, and Foreign Policy Recommendations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Maureen_and_Mike_Mansfield_Foundation" title="Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation">Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maureen+and+Mike+Mansfield+Foundation&rft.atitle=Expert+Voices+on+Japan%3A+Security%2C+Economic%2C+Social%2C+and+Foreign+Policy+Recommendations&rft.date=2018-06&rft.au=Arthur+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmansfieldfdn.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F06%2FExpert_Voices-FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatsuyuki_Hidaka2016" class="citation book cs1">Katsuyuki Hidaka, ed. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3JM4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT241"><i>Japanese Media at the Beginning of the 21st Century</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134988778" title="Special:BookSources/9781134988778"><bdi>9781134988778</bdi></a>. <q>Criticism of the unreservedly right-wing Liberal Democratic Party administration led by Abe Shinzō nevertheless remains strong. Together with advocating for changes to the constitution, the Abe administration has succeeded in passing ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Media+at+the+Beginning+of+the+21st+Century&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781134988778&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3JM4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Carpenter2011" class="citation book cs1">S. Carpenter, ed. (2011). <i>Japan's Nuclear Crisis: The Routes to Responsibility</i>. Springer. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230363717" title="Special:BookSources/9780230363717"><bdi>9780230363717</bdi></a>. <q>Kodama quashed all things he regarded as remotely communist and consistently supported the right-wing LDP.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Nuclear+Crisis%3A+The+Routes+to+Responsibility&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780230363717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._A._A._Stockwin2003" class="citation book cs1">J. A. A. Stockwin, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BpziAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA177"><i>Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Japan</i></a>. Routledge. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136894886" title="Special:BookSources/9781136894886"><bdi>9781136894886</bdi></a>. <q>... and joined the Young Storm Society (Seirankai) of right-wing liberal democratic party (LDP) parliamentarians, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Modern+Politics+of+Japan&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781136894886&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBpziAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoy_Hendry2003" class="citation book cs1">Joy Hendry, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ROCAgAAQBAJ&q=ight-wing+party%2C+the+Liberal+Democratic+Party"><i>Understanding Japanese Society</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 219–220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134502561" title="Special:BookSources/9781134502561"><bdi>9781134502561</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Japanese+Society&rft.pages=219-220&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781134502561&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ROCAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dight-wing%2Bparty%252C%2Bthe%2BLiberal%2BDemocratic%2BParty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_P._Dore1990" class="citation book cs1">Ronald P. Dore, ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=73Tovj1Ydg0C&pg=PA193"><i>British Factory Japanese Factory: The Origins of National Diversity in Industrial Relations, With a New Afterword</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520024953" title="Special:BookSources/9780520024953"><bdi>9780520024953</bdi></a>. <q>For nearly two decades the right-wing Liberal-Democratic Party has dominated Japanese politics with nearly two-thirds of Diet seats.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Factory+Japanese+Factory%3A+The+Origins+of+National+Diversity+in+Industrial+Relations%2C+With+a+New+Afterword&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780520024953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D73Tovj1Ydg0C%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO22461210Z11C17A0000000/"><bdi lang="ja">日本に定着するか、政党のカラー</bdi></a> [Will the colors of political parties settle in Japan?]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nikkei" title="The Nikkei">The Nikkei</a></i> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Nikkei,_Inc." title="Nikkei, Inc.">Nikkei, Inc.</a> 21 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nikkei&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AB%E5%AE%9A%E7%9D%80%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%80%81%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC&rft.date=2017-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nikkei.com%2Farticle%2FDGXMZO22461210Z11C17A0000000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimin.jp/index.html/">"自民党"</a>. <i>jimin.jp</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jimin.jp&rft.atitle=%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimin.jp%2Findex.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimin.jp/aboutus/song_symbol/"><bdi lang="ja">党歌・シンボル</bdi></a>. <i>jimin.jp</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jimin.jp&rft.atitle=%E5%85%9A%E6%AD%8C%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimin.jp%2Faboutus%2Fsong_symbol%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-local_assemblies-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-local_assemblies_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-local_assemblies_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/data/syozoku/ichiran.html">party membership statistics for chief executives and assembly members in prefectures and municipalities</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000938138.pdf">Prefectural and local assembly members and governors/mayors by political party as of 31 December 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllington2009" class="citation book cs1">Ellington, Lucien (14 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fox9YR80V7sC&q=japan+big+tent+Liberal+Democratic+Party&pg=PA81"><i>Japan</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-162-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-162-6"><bdi>978-1-59884-162-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2009-07-14&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-162-6&rft.aulast=Ellington&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFox9YR80V7sC%26q%3Djapan%2Bbig%2Btent%2BLiberal%2BDemocratic%2BParty%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HookGilson20012-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HookGilson20012_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HookGilson20012_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenn_D._HookJulie_GilsonChristopher_W._HughesHugo_Dobson2001" class="citation book cs1">Glenn D. Hook; Julie Gilson; Christopher W. Hughes; Hugo Dobson (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MHhE6AlgkIoC&pg=PA58"><i>Japan's International Relations: Politics, Economics and Security</i></a>. Routledge. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-32806-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-32806-2"><bdi>978-1-134-32806-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+International+Relations%3A+Politics%2C+Economics+and+Security&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-134-32806-2&rft.au=Glenn+D.+Hook&rft.au=Julie+Gilson&rft.au=Christopher+W.+Hughes&rft.au=Hugo+Dobson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMHhE6AlgkIoC%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudger_Helms2013" class="citation book cs1">Ludger Helms (18 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_UCPAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA97"><i>Parliamentary Opposition in Old and New Democracies</i></a>. Routledge. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-97031-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-97031-6"><bdi>978-1-317-97031-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Opposition+in+Old+and+New+Democracies&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.isbn=978-1-317-97031-6&rft.au=Ludger+Helms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_UCPAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/fumio-kishida-becomes-japan-s-new-prime-minister-k7mc8ktxc">"Japan's new prime minister Fumio Kishida vows to be tough on China but 'courteous' at home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 29 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>Fumio Kishida, a moderate conservative with a stern view of China's growing military assertiveness, will be Japan's new prime minister, after easily winning the election to lead the ruling Liberal Democratic Party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+new+prime+minister+Fumio+Kishida+vows+to+be+tough+on+China+but+%27courteous%27+at+home&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Ffumio-kishida-becomes-japan-s-new-prime-minister-k7mc8ktxc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/overseas-business-risk-japan/overseas-business-risk-japan">"Overseas Business Risk – Japan"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i>. 31 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Overseas+Business+Risk+%E2%80%93+Japan&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Foverseas-business-risk-japan%2Foverseas-business-risk-japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_BlanpainMichele_Tiraboschi2008" class="citation book cs1">Roger Blanpain; Michele Tiraboschi (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WjFwStO4ONwC&pg=PA268"><i>The Global Labour Market:From Globalization to Flexicurity</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kluwer_Law_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluwer Law International">Kluwer Law International</a>. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-2722-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-2722-8"><bdi>978-90-411-2722-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Labour+Market%3AFrom+Globalization+to+Flexicurity&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-411-2722-8&rft.au=Roger+Blanpain&rft.au=Michele+Tiraboschi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWjFwStO4ONwC%26pg%3DPA268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_HendersonWilliam_Goodwin_Aurelio_Professor_of_Greek_Language_and_Literature_Jeffrey_Henderson2011" class="citation book cs1">Jeffrey Henderson; William Goodwin Aurelio Professor of Greek Language and Literature Jeffrey Henderson (11 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wGnROS_ToTkC&pg=PA54"><i>East Asian Transformation:On the Political Economy of Dynamism, Governance and Crisis</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-84113-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-84113-2"><bdi>978-1-136-84113-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Asian+Transformation%3AOn+the+Political+Economy+of+Dynamism%2C+Governance+and+Crisis&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2011-02-11&rft.isbn=978-1-136-84113-2&rft.au=Jeffrey+Henderson&rft.au=William+Goodwin+Aurelio+Professor+of+Greek+Language+and+Literature+Jeffrey+Henderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwGnROS_ToTkC%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_DaviesDerek_Lynch2005" class="citation book cs1">Peter Davies; Derek Lynch (16 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1-iXGKN1AK4C&pg=PT236"><i>The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right</i></a>. Routledge. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-60952-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-60952-9"><bdi>978-1-134-60952-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Fascism+and+the+Far+Right&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-08-16&rft.isbn=978-1-134-60952-9&rft.au=Peter+Davies&rft.au=Derek+Lynch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1-iXGKN1AK4C%26pg%3DPT236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/platform/amp/world/2017/9/28/16368162/japan-election-2017-surprise">"Japan is having an election next month. Here's why it matters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a>. 28 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2020</span>. <q>Abe's <b>center-right Liberal Democratic Party</b> (LDP),</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+is+having+an+election+next+month.+Here%27s+why+it+matters.&rft.pub=Vox&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fplatform%2Famp%2Fworld%2F2017%2F9%2F28%2F16368162%2Fjapan-election-2017-surprise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources also assessed that the LDP was founded with funds from ultranationalist, and some sources refer to the LDP as far-right ultranationalist:<div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Pointon2017" class="citation book cs1">Matthew Pointon, ed. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IOVjDwAAQBAJ&dq=far-right+%22Liberal+Democratic+Party%22+Japan&pg=PA12"><i>Across Asia With A Lowlander</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780244043544" title="Special:BookSources/9780244043544"><bdi>9780244043544</bdi></a>. <q>Ever since the culmination of the Second World War, the <b>far right Liberal Democratic Party</b> has firmly held the reins of power, with only a couple of minor interruptions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Across+Asia+With+A+Lowlander&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780244043544&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIOVjDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dfar-right%2B%2522Liberal%2BDemocratic%2BParty%2522%2BJapan%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurasiareview.com/16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis/">"Beautiful Harmony: Political Project Behind Japan's New Era Name – Analysis"</a>. <i>eurasia review</i>. 16 July 2019. <q>The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元号) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the <b>LDP's project of ultranationalism</b> is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eurasia+review&rft.atitle=Beautiful+Harmony%3A+Political+Project+Behind+Japan%27s+New+Era+Name+%E2%80%93+Analysis&rft.date=2019-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasiareview.com%2F16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret_DiCanio_PhD2004" class="citation book cs1">Margaret DiCanio PhD, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XeScOwFM0XwC&dq=ultranationalist+Liberal+Democratic+Party+Japan&pg=PT771"><i>Encyclopedia of Violence</i></a>. iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780595316526" title="Special:BookSources/9780595316526"><bdi>9780595316526</bdi></a>. <q>In 1955, with funds from the <b>ultranationalists</b>, the conservatives merged the Liberal Party with the Democratic Party to form the <b>Liberal Democratic Party</b> (LPD), which effectively held the Japanese Communist Party in check.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Violence&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780595316526&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXeScOwFM0XwC%26dq%3Dultranationalist%2BLiberal%2BDemocratic%2BParty%2BJapan%26pg%3DPT771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-far-right-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-far-right_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_R._Mullins2021" class="citation book cs1">Mark R. Mullins, ed. (2021). <i>The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics</i>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824890162" title="Special:BookSources/9780824890162"><bdi>9780824890162</bdi></a>. <q>The first is provided by Yamatani Eriko, one of the darlings of Shinseiren and a person who represents the far right of the LDP.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Japanese+Politics&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780824890162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyunews.com/2019/04/15/far-right-international-japan/">"The Dangerous Impact of the Far-Right in Japan"</a>. <i>Washington Square News</i>. 15 April 2019. <q>Another sign of the rise of the uyoku dantai's ideas is the growing power of the Nippon Kaigi. The organization is the largest far-right group in Japan and has heavy lobbying clout with the conservative LDP; 18 of the 20 members of Shinzo Abe's cabinet were once members of the group.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Square+News&rft.atitle=The+Dangerous+Impact+of+the+Far-Right+in+Japan&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyunews.com%2F2019%2F04%2F15%2Ffar-right-international-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/why-steve-bannon-admires-japan/">"Why Steve Bannon Admires Japan"</a>. <i>The Diplomat</i>. 22 June 2018. <q>In Japan, populist and extreme right-wing nationalism has found a home within the political establishment.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=Why+Steve+Bannon+Admires+Japan&rft.date=2018-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2018%2F06%2Fwhy-steve-bannon-admires-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWesley_Yee2018" class="citation web cs1">Wesley Yee (January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.usfca.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=honors">"Making Japan Great Again: Japan's Liberal Democratic Party as a Far Right Movement"</a>. <i>The University of San Francisco</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+San+Francisco&rft.atitle=Making+Japan+Great+Again%3A+Japan%27s+Liberal+Democratic+Party+as+a+Far+Right+Movement&rft.date=2018-01&rft.au=Wesley+Yee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.usfca.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1023%26context%3Dhonors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/13/japan-ruling-party-far-right-extremists-liberal-democratic">"Japan's ruling party under fire over links to far-right extremists"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 13 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+ruling+party+under+fire+over+links+to+far-right+extremists&rft.date=2014-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Foct%2F13%2Fjapan-ruling-party-far-right-extremists-liberal-democratic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2016/07/31/issues/abe-will-always-constitution/">"For Abe, it will always be about the Constitution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a>. 4 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2020</span>. <q>Of those three victories, the first election in December 2012 was a rout of the leftist Democratic Party of Japan and it thrust the more powerful Lower House of Parliament firmly into the hands of the long-incumbent Liberal Democratic Party under Abe. The second election in December 2014 further normalized Japan's lurch to the far right, giving the ruling coalition a supermajority of 2/3 of the seats in the Lower House.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+Abe%2C+it+will+always+be+about+the+Constitution&rft.pub=The+Japan+Times&rft.date=2016-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fcommunity%2F2016%2F07%2F31%2Fissues%2Fabe-will-always-constitution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/world/asia/japan-name-order.html?auth=login-google">"Shinzo Abe? That's Not His Name, Says Japan's Foreign Minister"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 22 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2020</span>. <q>Mr. Abe is strongly supported by the far right wing of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, which hews to tradition and tends toward insularity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Shinzo+Abe%3F+That%27s+Not+His+Name%2C+Says+Japan%27s+Foreign+Minister&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F05%2F22%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fjapan-name-order.html%3Fauth%3Dlogin-google&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonel_Lim,_Michael_W._Apple2016" class="citation book cs1">Leonel Lim, Michael W. Apple, ed. (2016). <i>The Strong State and Curriculum Reform: Assessing the politics and possibilities of educational change in Asia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317579236" title="Special:BookSources/9781317579236"><bdi>9781317579236</bdi></a>. <q>... Far right LDP legislators led by Prime Minister (PM) Shinzo ̄ Abe demanded the withdrawal of the 1993 Ko ̄no Statement and attacked the ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strong+State+and+Curriculum+Reform%3A+Assessing+the+politics+and+possibilities+of+educational+change+in+Asia&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781317579236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlisa_Gaunder2011" class="citation book cs1">Alisa Gaunder, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gdwEocAa3nYC&q=japan+LDP+far+right&pg=PA225"><i>Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136818387" title="Special:BookSources/9781136818387"><bdi>9781136818387</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Japanese+Politics&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781136818387&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgdwEocAa3nYC%26q%3Djapan%2BLDP%2Bfar%2Bright%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_W._Apple2009" class="citation book cs1">Michael W. Apple, ed. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c7KLAgAAQBAJ&dq=far-right+%22Liberal+Democratic+Party%22+Japan&pg=PA62"><i>Global Crises, Social Justice, and Education</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135172787" title="Special:BookSources/9781135172787"><bdi>9781135172787</bdi></a>. <q>Far-right politicians within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), which achieved the half-century conservative political reign from 1955 to 1993, were nostalgic for the prewar elitist and imperial education system.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Crises%2C+Social+Justice%2C+and+Education&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781135172787&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc7KLAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dfar-right%2B%2522Liberal%2BDemocratic%2BParty%2522%2BJapan%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Hyde2009" class="citation book cs1">Sarah Hyde, ed. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cLSMAgAAQBAJ&dq=far-right+%22Liberal+Democratic+Party%22+Japan&pg=PR15"><i>The Transformation of the Japanese Left: From Old Socialists to New Democrats</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. XY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135219758" title="Special:BookSources/9781135219758"><bdi>9781135219758</bdi></a>. <q>Ever since the 1950s, and except for a brief period in the early 1990s, the central ruling force has been the Liberal Democratic Party, a broad church of interests and opinions ranging from the political centre to the extreme right.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+the+Japanese+Left%3A+From+Old+Socialists+to+New+Democrats&rft.pages=XY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781135219758&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcLSMAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dfar-right%2B%2522Liberal%2BDemocratic%2BParty%2522%2BJapan%26pg%3DPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Gamble,_Takesato_Watanabe2004" class="citation book cs1">Adam Gamble, Takesato Watanabe, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gKUUuK0ym_oC&dq=far-right+%22Liberal+Democratic+Party%22+Japan&pg=PA255"><i>A Public Betrayed: An Inside Look at Japanese Media Atrocities and Their Warnings to the West</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a>. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780895260468" title="Special:BookSources/9780895260468"><bdi>9780895260468</bdi></a>. <q>Since then, and right up until today , Japanese apologists, strongly supported by far-right publishers such as Bungeishunju Ltd. and Shinchosha Ltd., and including many top-ruling Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP ) officials ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Public+Betrayed%3A+An+Inside+Look+at+Japanese+Media+Atrocities+and+Their+Warnings+to+the+West&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780895260468&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgKUUuK0ym_oC%26dq%3Dfar-right%2B%2522Liberal%2BDemocratic%2BParty%2522%2BJapan%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Gamble,_Takesato_Watanabe2004" class="citation book cs1">Adam Gamble, Takesato Watanabe, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gKUUuK0ym_oC&dq=far-right+%22Liberal+Democratic+Party%22+Japan&pg=PA255"><i>A Public Betrayed: An Inside Look at Japanese Media Atrocities and Their Warnings to the West</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a>. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780895260468" title="Special:BookSources/9780895260468"><bdi>9780895260468</bdi></a>. <q>Since then , and right up until today , Japanese apologists , strongly supported by far – right publishers such as Bungeishunju Ltd. and Shinchosha Ltd. , and including many top – ruling Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP ) officials ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Public+Betrayed%3A+An+Inside+Look+at+Japanese+Media+Atrocities+and+Their+Warnings+to+the+West&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780895260468&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgKUUuK0ym_oC%26dq%3Dfar-right%2B%2522Liberal%2BDemocratic%2BParty%2522%2BJapan%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevor_Harrison2007" class="citation book cs1">Trevor Harrison, ed. (2007). <i>21st century Japan: a new sun rising l Politics in Postwar Japan</i>. Black Rose Books. p. 82. <q>... of the war and viewed the 1947 Constitution as illegitimate as it was written not by the Japanese people but forced upon the country by the U.S. Occupation Authority. Abe shares these beliefs, in common with many within the LDP's far right.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=21st+century+Japan%3A+a+new+sun+rising+l+Politics+in+Postwar+Japan&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Black+Rose+Books&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_E._KaplanAlec_Dubro2003" class="citation book cs1">David E. Kaplan; Alec Dubro, eds. (2003). <i>Yakuza: Japan's Criminal Underworld</i>. University of California Press. p. 60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yakuza%3A+Japan%27s+Criminal+Underworld&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._A._A._Stockwin2003" class="citation book cs1">J. A. A. Stockwin, ed. (2003). <i>Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Japan</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Modern+Politics+of+Japan&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Searchlight, Issues 307–318</i>. Searchlight. 2001. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Searchlight%2C+Issues+307%E2%80%93318&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Searchlight&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>New Statesman Society</i>. Statesman & Nation Publishing Company. 1995. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Statesman+Society&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Statesman+%26+Nation+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_M._O'Brien,_Yasuo_goshi1996" class="citation book cs1">David M. O'Brien, Yasuo goshi, ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DA-qp0vEk38C&pg=PA63"><i>To Dream of Dreams: Religious Freedom and Constitutional Politics in Postwar Japan</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824811662" title="Special:BookSources/9780824811662"><bdi>9780824811662</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Dream+of+Dreams%3A+Religious+Freedom+and+Constitutional+Politics+in+Postwar+Japan&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780824811662&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDA-qp0vEk38C%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Asia Pacific Business Travel Guide</i>. Priory Publications (<a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>). 1994. p. 173.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+Pacific+Business+Travel+Guide&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Priory+Publications+%28Cornell+University%29&rft.date=1994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Atomic Scientists of Chicago</a>. 1983. p. 14. <q>... 12 Seirankai: an extreme-right faction formed within the LDP in July 1973; after Kim Dae Jung was abducted from ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Atomic+Scientists+of+Chicago&rft.date=1983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2014/11/22/lifestyle/can-women-really-shine-abe/">"Japan is having an election next month. Here's why it matters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a>. 22 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2020</span>. <q>When Abe appointed five female ministers in September, two of which were forced to step down over scandals, a number of political commentators viewed the move with some cynicism, suggesting that the prime minister didn't pay much attention to the qualifications of the candidates. Most of the women he chose were ultra-conservatives such as Eriko Yamatani, minister in charge of the North Korea abductee issue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+is+having+an+election+next+month.+Here%27s+why+it+matters.&rft.pub=The+Japan+Times&rft.date=2014-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Flife%2F2014%2F11%2F22%2Flifestyle%2Fcan-women-really-shine-abe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-japan-labourers-history-an/japan-led-by-less-apologetic-generation-stays-tough-in-south-korea-feud-idUSKCN1UY1BA">"Japan, led by less apologetic generation, stays tough in South Korea feud"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 8 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2020</span>. <q>Electoral system changes and three years in opposition helped ultra-conservative lawmakers and lobby groups strengthen their clout in the LDP.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%2C+led+by+less+apologetic+generation%2C+stays+tough+in+South+Korea+feud&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-southkorea-japan-labourers-history-an%2Fjapan-led-by-less-apologetic-generation-stays-tough-in-south-korea-feud-idUSKCN1UY1BA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conservative-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conservative_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conservative_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Liberal Democratic Party is widely described as conservative: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_BlanpainMichele_TiraboschiPablo_Arellano_Ortiz2008" class="citation book cs1">Roger Blanpain; Michele Tiraboschi; Pablo Arellano Ortiz (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WjFwStO4ONwC&pg=PA268"><i>The Global Labour Market: From Globalization to Flexicurity</i></a>. Kluwer Law International. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-2722-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-2722-8"><bdi>978-90-411-2722-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Labour+Market%3A+From+Globalization+to+Flexicurity&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-411-2722-8&rft.au=Roger+Blanpain&rft.au=Michele+Tiraboschi&rft.au=Pablo+Arellano+Ortiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWjFwStO4ONwC%26pg%3DPA268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Kingston2011" class="citation book cs1">Jeff Kingston (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XqMuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA19"><i>Japan in Transformation, 1945-2010</i></a>. Routledge. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-86192-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-86192-8"><bdi>978-1-317-86192-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+in+Transformation%2C+1945-2010&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-317-86192-8&rft.au=Jeff+Kingston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXqMuAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley_Richardson2001" class="citation book cs1">Bradley Richardson (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zZ2XT76eqMAC&pg=PA145">"Japan's "1955 System" and Beyond"</a>. In Larry Diamond; Richard Gunther (eds.). <i>Political Parties and Democracy</i>. JHU Press. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6863-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6863-4"><bdi>978-0-8018-6863-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+%221955+System%22+and+Beyond&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+and+Democracy&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-6863-4&rft.au=Bradley+Richardson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzZ2XT76eqMAC%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_W._Zagorski2009" class="citation book cs1">Paul W. Zagorski (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=79DtWcx1oWMC&pg=PT111"><i>Comparative Politics: Continuity and Breakdown in the Contemporary World</i></a>. Routledge. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-96979-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-96979-0"><bdi>978-1-135-96979-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Politics%3A+Continuity+and+Breakdown+in+the+Contemporary+World&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-135-96979-0&rft.au=Paul+W.+Zagorski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D79DtWcx1oWMC%26pg%3DPT111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay_Christensen2000" class="citation book cs1">Ray Christensen (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/endingldphegemon0000chri"><i>Ending the LDP Hegemony: Party Cooperation in Japan</i></a></span>. University of Hawaii Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/endingldphegemon0000chri/page/232">232</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2295-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2295-8"><bdi>978-0-8248-2295-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ending+the+LDP+Hegemony%3A+Party+Cooperation+in+Japan.&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2295-8&rft.au=Ray+Christensen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fendingldphegemon0000chri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-nationalist-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nationalist_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nationalist_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources describing the LDP as nationalist: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theglobalist.com/japan-shinzo-abe-nationalism-germany/">"The Resurgence of Japanese Nationalism"</a>. 22 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819201418/http://www.theglobalist.com/japan-shinzo-abe-nationalism-germany/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Resurgence+of+Japanese+Nationalism&rft.date=2015-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobalist.com%2Fjapan-shinzo-abe-nationalism-germany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/as-hiroshimas-legacy-fades-japans-postwar-pacifism-is-fraying-45521">"As Hiroshima's legacy fades, Japan's postwar pacifism is fraying"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation UK</a>. 6 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2020</span>. <q>Even though much of the Japanese public does not agree with the LDP's nationalist platform, the party won big electoral victories by promising to replace the DPJ's weakness with strong leadership – particularly on the economy, but also in foreign affairs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=As+Hiroshima%27s+legacy+fades%2C+Japan%27s+postwar+pacifism+is+fraying&rft.pub=The+Conversation+UK&rft.date=2015-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fas-hiroshimas-legacy-fades-japans-postwar-pacifism-is-fraying-45521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/why-steve-bannon-admires-japan/">"Why Steve Bannon Admires Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a></i>. 22 June 2018. <q>In Japan, populist and extreme right-wing nationalism has found a home within the political establishment.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=Why+Steve+Bannon+Admires+Japan&rft.date=2018-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2018%2F06%2Fwhy-steve-bannon-admires-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/world/asia/2019/05/shinzo-abe-and-rise-japanese-nationalism">"Shinzo Abe and the rise of Japanese nationalism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a>. 15 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2020</span>. <q>As a new emperor takes the throne, prime minister Abe is consolidating his ultranationalist "beautiful Japan" project. But can he overcome a falling population and stagnating economy?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shinzo+Abe+and+the+rise+of+Japanese+nationalism&rft.pub=New+Statesman&rft.date=2019-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F2019%2F05%2Fshinzo-abe-and-rise-japanese-nationalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/japans-ruling-conservatives-have-been-returned-to-power-but-amid-voter-frustration-challenges-lurk-for-kishida-170561">"Japan's ruling conservatives have been returned to power, but amid voter frustration, challenges lurk for Kishida"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a></i>. 1 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2021</span>. <q>Japan's ruling conservative nationalist Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) will remain comfortably in power under its new prime minister Fumio Kishida, after the weekend's national election.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+ruling+conservatives+have+been+returned+to+power%2C+but+amid+voter+frustration%2C+challenges+lurk+for+Kishida&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fjapans-ruling-conservatives-have-been-returned-to-power-but-amid-voter-frustration-challenges-lurk-for-kishida-170561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>A Weiss (31 May 2018). Towards a Beautiful Japan: Right-Wing Religious Nationalism in Japan's LDP.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShorrock2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Shorrock, Tim (27 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/south-korea-japan-cold-war/">"In a Major Shift, South Korea Defies Its Alliance With Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=In+a+Major+Shift%2C+South+Korea+Defies+Its+Alliance+With+Japan&rft.date=2019-08-27&rft.aulast=Shorrock&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Farchive%2Fsouth-korea-japan-cold-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_Alexander2018" class="citation web cs1">Arthur Alexander (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mansfieldfdn.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Expert_Voices-FINAL.pdf">"Expert Voices on Japan: Security, Economic, Social, and Foreign Policy Recommendations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Maureen_and_Mike_Mansfield_Foundation" title="Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation">Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maureen+and+Mike+Mansfield+Foundation&rft.atitle=Expert+Voices+on+Japan%3A+Security%2C+Economic%2C+Social%2C+and+Foreign+Policy+Recommendations&rft.date=2018-06&rft.au=Arthur+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmansfieldfdn.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F06%2FExpert_Voices-FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoy_Hendry2003" class="citation book cs1">Joy Hendry, ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=LDP+defectors+launch+new+political+party&rft.date=2010-04-11&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2010%2F04%2F11%2Fnational%2Fldp-defectors-launch-new-political-party%2F%23.V_x67CQ3BnI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/index.htm">"House of Councillors The National Diet of Japan"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Kishida+defies+expectations+as+ruling+LDP+easily+keeps+majority&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.aulast=Murakami&rft.aufirst=Sakura&rft.au=Park%2C+Ju-min&rft.au=Takenaka%2C+Kiyoshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fjapan-votes-test-new-pm-kishida-political-stability-2021-10-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/10/japan-ruling-party-triumphs-in-local-election-despite-criticism-over-links-to-moonies">"Japan ruling party triumphs in local elections despite criticism over links to Moonies | Japan"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 31 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.co.jp/pickup/6488687">the original</a> on 21 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9&rft.atitle=%E5%B2%B8%E7%94%B0%E6%B4%BE%E3%80%81%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%9B%A3%E4%BD%93%E3%82%92%E8%A7%A3%E6%95%A3%E3%81%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.co.jp%2Fpickup%2F6488687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240121132916/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/pickup/6488687">"岸田派、政治団体を解散へ"</a>. <i>Yahoo!ニュース</i> (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.co.jp/pickup/6488687">the original</a> on 21 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9&rft.atitle=%E5%B2%B8%E7%94%B0%E6%B4%BE%E3%80%81%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%9B%A3%E4%BD%93%E3%82%92%E8%A7%A3%E6%95%A3%E3%81%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.co.jp%2Fpickup%2F6488687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/01/f4d6ea5b7d8f-update1-prosecutors-indict-several-ldp-faction-members-over-funds-scandal.html">"Prosecutors indict several LDP faction members over funds scandal"</a>. <i>Kyodo News</i>. 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kyodo+News&rft.atitle=Prosecutors+indict+several+LDP+faction+members+over+funds+scandal&rft.date=2024-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.kyodonews.net%2Fnews%2F2024%2F01%2Ff4d6ea5b7d8f-update1-prosecutors-indict-several-ldp-faction-members-over-funds-scandal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/japan-crime-elections-politics-ldp-491eb0635a348793e679212d2dbb40cf">"Japan's governing party headquarters is attacked with firebombs and suspect is arrested"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 19 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+governing+party+headquarters+is+attacked+with+firebombs+and+suspect+is+arrested&rft.date=2024-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fjapan-crime-elections-politics-ldp-491eb0635a348793e679212d2dbb40cf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Right-wing-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Right-wing_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorian_Coulmas2023" class="citation book cs1">Florian Coulmas, ed. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gua3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88"><i>Japanese Propriety, Past and Present: Disciplined Liberalism</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000885835" title="Special:BookSources/9781000885835"><bdi>9781000885835</bdi></a>. <q>... in Japan's post-war political discourse often supporting leftist and socialist positions opposed to the ruling right-wing Liberal Democratic Party, which has always been favoured by Washington.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Propriety%2C+Past+and+Present%3A+Disciplined+Liberalism&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781000885835&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGua3EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/japan-right-wing-liberal-democratic-party-dominates-parliamentary-election-2022-7">"Japan's right-wing Liberal Democratic Party dominates parliamentary election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. 10 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+right-wing+Liberal+Democratic+Party+dominates+parliamentary+election&rft.date=2022-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fjapan-right-wing-liberal-democratic-party-dominates-parliamentary-election-2022-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShorrock2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Shorrock, Tim (27 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/south-korea-japan-cold-war/">"In a Major Shift, South Korea Defies Its Alliance With Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=In+a+Major+Shift%2C+South+Korea+Defies+Its+Alliance+With+Japan&rft.date=2019-08-27&rft.aulast=Shorrock&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Farchive%2Fsouth-korea-japan-cold-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkito_Okada2022" class="citation book cs1">Akito Okada, ed. (2022). <i>Japan's School Curriculum for The 2020s: Politics, Policy, and Pedagogy</i>. Springer Nature. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811920769" title="Special:BookSources/9789811920769"><bdi>9789811920769</bdi></a>. <q>In the case of Japan, the ideological basis of the right-wing LDP had almost no element of liberal (as in libertarian) thought, such as reliance on anti-nationalist liberalism and individualism, or vigilance against a centrally planned economy and welfare system.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+School+Curriculum+for+The+2020s%3A+Politics%2C+Policy%2C+and+Pedagogy&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9789811920769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArve_HansenJo_Inge_BekkevoldKristen_Nordhaug2020" class="citation book cs1">Arve Hansen; Jo Inge Bekkevold; Kristen Nordhaug, eds. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gkwFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA318"><i>The Socialist Market Economy in Asia: Development in China, Vietnam and Laos</i></a>. Springer Nature. p. 318. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811562488" title="Special:BookSources/9789811562488"><bdi>9789811562488</bdi></a>. <q>Japan's economic miracle was largely formed under the leadership of the conservative right-wing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Socialist+Market+Economy+in+Asia%3A+Development+in+China%2C+Vietnam+and+Laos&rft.pages=318&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9789811562488&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgkwFEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLam_Peng_ErPurnendra_Jain2020" class="citation book cs1">Lam Peng Er; Purnendra Jain, eds. (2020). <i>Japan's Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Continuity and Change</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498587969" title="Special:BookSources/9781498587969"><bdi>9781498587969</bdi></a>. <q>The rising tide of hawkish nationalism and historical revisionism spearheaded by the right-wing LDP Prime Minister Abe Shinzo in recent decades seems to confirm the doubt.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Foreign+Policy+in+the+Twenty-First+Century%3A+Continuity+and+Change&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781498587969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_Alexander2018" class="citation web cs1">Arthur Alexander (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mansfieldfdn.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Expert_Voices-FINAL.pdf">"Expert Voices on Japan: Security, Economic, Social, and Foreign Policy Recommendations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Maureen_and_Mike_Mansfield_Foundation" title="Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation">Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maureen+and+Mike+Mansfield+Foundation&rft.atitle=Expert+Voices+on+Japan%3A+Security%2C+Economic%2C+Social%2C+and+Foreign+Policy+Recommendations&rft.date=2018-06&rft.au=Arthur+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmansfieldfdn.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F06%2FExpert_Voices-FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatsuyuki_Hidaka2016" class="citation book cs1">Katsuyuki Hidaka, ed. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3JM4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT241"><i>Japanese Media at the Beginning of the 21st Century</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134988778" title="Special:BookSources/9781134988778"><bdi>9781134988778</bdi></a>. <q>Criticism of the unreservedly right-wing Liberal Democratic Party administration led by Abe Shinzō nevertheless remains strong. Together with advocating for changes to the constitution, the Abe administration has succeeded in passing ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Media+at+the+Beginning+of+the+21st+Century&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781134988778&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3JM4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Carpenter2011" class="citation book cs1">S. Carpenter, ed. (2011). <i>Japan's Nuclear Crisis: The Routes to Responsibility</i>. 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(2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BpziAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA177"><i>Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Japan</i></a>. Routledge. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136894886" title="Special:BookSources/9781136894886"><bdi>9781136894886</bdi></a>. <q>... and joined the Young Storm Society (Seirankai) of right-wing liberal democratic party (LDP) parliamentarians, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Modern+Politics+of+Japan&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781136894886&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBpziAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoy_Hendry2003" class="citation book cs1">Joy Hendry, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ROCAgAAQBAJ&q=ight-wing+party%2C+the+Liberal+Democratic+Party"><i>Understanding Japanese Society</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 219–220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134502561" title="Special:BookSources/9781134502561"><bdi>9781134502561</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Japanese+Society&rft.pages=219-220&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781134502561&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ROCAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dight-wing%2Bparty%252C%2Bthe%2BLiberal%2BDemocratic%2BParty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_P._Dore1990" class="citation book cs1">Ronald P. Dore, ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=73Tovj1Ydg0C&pg=PA193"><i>British Factory Japanese Factory: The Origins of National Diversity in Industrial Relations, With a New Afterword</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520024953" title="Special:BookSources/9780520024953"><bdi>9780520024953</bdi></a>. <q>For nearly two decades the right-wing Liberal-Democratic Party has domi-nated Japanese politics with nearly two-thirds of Diet seats.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Factory+Japanese+Factory%3A+The+Origins+of+National+Diversity+in+Industrial+Relations%2C+With+a+New+Afterword&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780520024953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D73Tovj1Ydg0C%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kobayashi1976-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kobayashi1976_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTetsuya_Kobayashi1976" class="citation book cs1">Tetsuya Kobayashi (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XBSoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA68"><i>Society, Schools, and Progress in Japan</i></a>. Elsevier Science. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1483136226" title="Special:BookSources/978-1483136226"><bdi>978-1483136226</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Society%2C+Schools%2C+and+Progress+in+Japan&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-1483136226&rft.au=Tetsuya+Kobayashi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXBSoBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liberalism-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-liberalism_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Japan Almanac</i>. <a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Shimbun" title="Mainichi Shimbun">Mainichi Newspapers</a>. 1975. p. 43. <q>In the House of Representatives, the Liberal-Democratic Party, guided by conservative liberalism, is the No.1 party holding a total of 279 seats or 56.8 per cent of the House quorum of 491.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Almanac&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Mainichi+Newspapers&rft.date=1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noman2010-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Noman2010_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmar_Noman2010" class="citation book cs1">Omar Noman (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p7eLAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT123"><i>Responsible Development: Vulnerable Democracies, Hunger and Inequality</i></a>. Routledge. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135180751" title="Special:BookSources/9781135180751"><bdi>9781135180751</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Responsible+Development%3A+Vulnerable+Democracies%2C+Hunger+and+Inequality&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781135180751&rft.au=Omar+Noman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp7eLAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaran2005" class="citation cs2">Karan, Pradyumna P. (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wS5kcRvShg8C&pg=PT259"><i>Japan in the 21st century: environment, economy, and society</i></a>, University Press of Kentucky, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813137773" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813137773"><bdi>978-0813137773</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+in+the+21st+century%3A+environment%2C+economy%2C+and+society&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0813137773&rft.aulast=Karan&rft.aufirst=Pradyumna+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwS5kcRvShg8C%26pg%3DPT259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_D._Hoover2011" class="citation book cs1">William D. Hoover, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Exa7XoW-1n8C&pg=PA211"><i>Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7539-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7539-5"><bdi>978-0-8108-7539-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Postwar+Japan&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7539-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DExa7XoW-1n8C%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagaraSacchi2013" class="citation book cs1">Magara, Hideko; Sacchi, Stefano, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=beLDAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA95"><i>The Politics of Structural Reforms: Social and Industrial Policy Change in Italy and Japan</i></a>. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85793-292-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85793-292-1"><bdi>978-0-85793-292-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Structural+Reforms%3A+Social+and+Industrial+Policy+Change+in+Italy+and+Japan&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-85793-292-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbeLDAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPekkanenScheinerReed2016" class="citation book cs1">Pekkanen, Robert J.; Scheiner, Ethan; Reed, Steven R., eds. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6m_eCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA104"><i>Japan decides 2014: the Japanese general election</i></a>. Springer. pp. 104, 106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9781137552006">10.1057/9781137552006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-56437-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-56437-8"><bdi>978-1-349-56437-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+decides+2014%3A+the+Japanese+general+election&rft.pages=104%2C+106&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9781137552006&rft.isbn=978-1-349-56437-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6m_eCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurasiareview.com/16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis/">"Beautiful Harmony: Political Project Behind Japan's New Era Name – Analysis"</a>. <i>eurasia review</i>. 16 July 2019. <q>The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元号) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the LDP's project of ultranationalism is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eurasia+review&rft.atitle=Beautiful+Harmony%3A+Political+Project+Behind+Japan%27s+New+Era+Name+%E2%80%93+Analysis&rft.date=2019-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasiareview.com%2F16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/why-steve-bannon-admires-japan/">"Why Steve Bannon Admires Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a></i>. 22 June 2018. <q>In Japan, populist and extreme right-wing nationalism has found a home within the political establishment.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=Why+Steve+Bannon+Admires+Japan&rft.date=2018-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2018%2F06%2Fwhy-steve-bannon-admires-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasanori_Nakamura2016" class="citation book cs1">Masanori Nakamura, ed. (2016). <i>The Japanese Monarchy: Ambassador Joseph Grew and the Making of the "Symbol Emperor System," 1931–1991</i>. M.E. Sharpe. p. 1992. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781563241093" title="Special:BookSources/9781563241093"><bdi>9781563241093</bdi></a>. <q>On July 31, a group of ultranationalist LDP Diet men, alarmed by Nakasone's diplomacy of "submission to foreign pressure" on issues like textbook revision and the Yasukuni Shrine problem, formed the "Association of Those Concerned ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Monarchy%3A+Ambassador+Joseph+Grew+and+the+Making+of+the+%22Symbol+Emperor+System%2C%22+1931%E2%80%931991&rft.pages=1992&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781563241093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Carpenter2008" class="citation book cs1">S. Carpenter, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dxaFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62"><i>Why Japan Can't Reform: Inside the System</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230595064" title="Special:BookSources/9780230595064"><bdi>9780230595064</bdi></a>. <q>Despite ideological differences with the other main conservative party, the Liberal Party whose president was Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru, the determined Kishi was able to form the ultraconservative Liberal Democratic Party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Japan+Can%27t+Reform%3A+Inside+the+System&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780230595064&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdxaFDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan_Mark_Rigg2020" class="citation book cs1">Bryan Mark Rigg, ed. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HLfcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT877"><i>Flamethrower: Iwo Jima Medal of Honor Recipient and U.S. Marine Woody Williams and His Controversial Award, Japan's Holocaust and the Pacific War</i></a>. Fidelis Historia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781734534115" title="Special:BookSources/9781734534115"><bdi>9781734534115</bdi></a>. <q>This is especially the case with politicians in his current ruling party, The Liberal Democratic Party (which is really ultraconservative, not liberal).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flamethrower%3A+Iwo+Jima+Medal+of+Honor+Recipient+and+U.S.+Marine+Woody+Williams+and+His+Controversial+Award%2C+Japan%27s+Holocaust+and+the+Pacific+War&rft.pub=Fidelis+Historia&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781734534115&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHLfcDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark2021" class="citation web cs1">Mark, Craig (29 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/who-is-fumio-kishida-japans-new-prime-minister-168472">"Who is Fumio Kishida, Japan's new prime minister?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Who+is+Fumio+Kishida%2C+Japan%27s+new+prime+minister%3F&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwho-is-fumio-kishida-japans-new-prime-minister-168472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2014_reshuffle-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2014_reshuffle_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2994558">Abe's reshuffle promotes right-wingers</a>" (Korea Joongang Daily – 2014/09/05)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoshio_Sugimoto2020" class="citation book cs1">Yoshio Sugimoto, ed. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cssDEAAAQBAJ&q=Japanese+nationalist+Nippon+Kaigi&pg=PA242"><i>An Introduction to Japanese Society</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108724746" title="Special:BookSources/9781108724746"><bdi>9781108724746</bdi></a>. <q>Parts of the Japanese establishment have ties with a large far-right voluntary organization, Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference), whose ranks include grassroots members across the nation as well as national and local politicians...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Japanese+Society&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781108724746&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcssDEAAAQBAJ%26q%3DJapanese%2Bnationalist%2BNippon%2BKaigi%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/b9e0627cfdef445d9da335238c3ad1b1">"Japan emperor greets at celebration hosted by conservatives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a></i>. 9 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>Abe's key ultra-conservative supporter, Nippon Kaigi, or Japan Conference, was among the organizers Saturday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Japan+emperor+greets+at+celebration+hosted+by+conservatives&rft.date=2019-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fb9e0627cfdef445d9da335238c3ad1b1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/15/ultra-nationalist-school-moritomo-gakuen-linked-to-japanese-pm-shinzo-abe-accused-of-hate-speech">"Ultra-nationalist school linked to Japanese PM accused of hate speech"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 8 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2017</span>. <q>Abe and Kagoike, who has indicated he will resign as principal, both belong to an ultra-conservative lobby group whose members include more than a dozen cabinet ministers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ultra-nationalist+school+linked+to+Japanese+PM+accused+of+hate+speech&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fmar%2F15%2Fultra-nationalist-school-moritomo-gakuen-linked-to-japanese-pm-shinzo-abe-accused-of-hate-speech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/tokyos-new-governor-defies-more-than-glass-ceiling/a-19443490">"Tokyo's new governor defies more than glass ceiling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. 8 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>. <q>In 2008, she made an unsuccessful run at the LDP's chairmanship. Following her defeat, she worked to build an internal party network and became involved in a revisionist group of lawmakers that serves as the mouthpiece of the ultraconservative Nippon Kaigi ("Japan Conference") movement.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Tokyo%27s+new+governor+defies+more+than+glass+ceiling&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Ftokyos-new-governor-defies-more-than-glass-ceiling%2Fa-19443490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-progressive-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-progressive_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilly_Jou,_Masahisa_Endo2016" class="citation book cs1">Willy Jou, Masahisa Endo, ed. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BDelDAAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+%22Japanese+Communist+Party%22&pg=PA29"><i>EGenerational Gap in Japanese Politics: A Longitudinal Study of Political Attitudes and Behaviour</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137503428" title="Special:BookSources/9781137503428"><bdi>9781137503428</bdi></a>. <q>Conventional wisdom, still dominant in media and academic circles, holds that the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) occupy the conservative and progressive ends of the ideological spectrum, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=EGenerational+Gap+in+Japanese+Politics%3A+A+Longitudinal+Study+of+Political+Attitudes+and+Behaviour&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781137503428&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBDelDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dprogressive%2B%2522Japanese%2BCommunist%2BParty%2522%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palier2022-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palier2022_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruno_Palier2022" class="citation book cs1">Bruno Palier (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XnxrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA416">"How Democracies Change Their Welfare States"</a>. In Bruno Palier; Julian L. Garritzmann; Silja Häusermann (eds.). <i>The World Politics of Social Investment: Volume II The Politics of Varying Social Investment Strategies</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 416. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-197-60145-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-197-60145-7"><bdi>978-0-197-60145-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+Democracies+Change+Their+Welfare+States&rft.btitle=The+World+Politics+of+Social+Investment%3A+Volume+II+The+Politics+of+Varying+Social+Investment+Strategies&rft.pages=416&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-197-60145-7&rft.au=Bruno+Palier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXnxrEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yuhikaku-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yuhikaku_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumeKawadeKojoTanaka2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%85%E7%B1%B3%E9%83%81%E7%94%B7" class="extiw" title="ja:久米郁男">Kume, Ikuo</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Japanese]</span>; <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%87%BA%E8%89%AF%E6%9E%9D" class="extiw" title="ja:川出良枝">Kawade, Yoshie</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Japanese]</span>; <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E4%BD%B3%E5%AD%90" class="extiw" title="ja:古城佳子">Kojo, Yoshiko</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Japanese]</span>; <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%BB" class="extiw" title="ja:田中愛治">Tanaka, Aiji</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Japanese]</span>; <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%B8%95%E5%8B%9D" class="extiw" title="ja:真渕勝">Mabuchi, Masaru</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Japanese]</span> (2011). <i>Political Science: Scope and Theory, revised ed</i>. New Liberal Arts Selection (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Yuhikaku_Publishing" title="Yuhikaku Publishing">Yuhikaku Publishing</a>. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-641-05377-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-641-05377-9"><bdi>978-4-641-05377-9</bdi></a>. <q><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ただし、日本の55年体制下の自民党政権の場合は欧米の保守政権に比べるとかなり経済的統制の度合いが強く、社会民主主義により近い場所に位置した。</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Science%3A+Scope+and+Theory%2C+revised+ed.&rft.series=New+Liberal+Arts+Selection&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Yuhikaku+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-4-641-05377-9&rft.aulast=Kume&rft.aufirst=Ikuo&rft.au=Kawade%2C+Yoshie&rft.au=Kojo%2C+Yoshiko&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+Aiji&rft.au=Mabuchi%2C+Masaru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iio-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iio_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iio_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIio2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%AF%E5%B0%BE%E6%BD%A4" class="extiw" title="ja:飯尾潤">Iio, Jun</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Japanese]</span> (2019). <i>Gendai nihon no seiji</i>. Hōsō daigaku kyōzai (in Japanese). <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E4%BC%9A" class="extiw" title="ja:放送大学教育振興会">Hōsō daigaku kyōiku shinkōkai</a>. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-595-31946-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-595-31946-4"><bdi>978-4-595-31946-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gendai+nihon+no+seiji&rft.series=H%C5%8Ds%C5%8D+daigaku+ky%C5%8Dzai&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=H%C5%8Ds%C5%8D+daigaku+ky%C5%8Diku+shink%C5%8Dkai&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-4-595-31946-4&rft.aulast=Iio&rft.aufirst=Jun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNamara_1996_pp._379–397-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McNamara_1996_pp._379–397_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNamara1996" class="citation journal cs1">McNamara, Dennis (1996). "Corporatism and Cooperation among Japanese Labor". <i>Comparative Politics</i>. <b>28</b> (4): 379–397. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F422050">10.2307/422050</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4159">0010-4159</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/422050">422050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Politics&rft.atitle=Corporatism+and+Cooperation+among+Japanese+Labor&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=379-397&rft.date=1996&rft.issn=0010-4159&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F422050%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F422050&rft.aulast=McNamara&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Index_Page_for_applet-magic.com-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Index_Page_for_applet-magic.com_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.applet-magic.com/japanrecov.htm">"The Physical and Institutional Reconstruction of Japan After World War II"</a>. <i>Index Page for applet-magic.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Index+Page+for+applet-magic.com&rft.atitle=The+Physical+and+Institutional+Reconstruction+of+Japan+After+World+War+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.applet-magic.com%2Fjapanrecov.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-pm-kishida-approval-rating-49-nhk-poll-2021-10-12/">"Japan's ruling party unveils manifesto with focus on coronavirus, defence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 12 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+ruling+party+unveils+manifesto+with+focus+on+coronavirus%2C+defence&rft.date=2021-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fjapan-pm-kishida-approval-rating-49-nhk-poll-2021-10-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJimintō2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jimintō (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220422135550/https://jimin.jp-east-2.storage.api.nifcloud.com/pdf/pamphlet/20211011_bank.pdf">"Reiwa 3 Policy BANK"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Japanese). 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Routledge Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-31797-031-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-31797-031-6"><bdi>978-1-31797-031-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Opposition+in+Old+and+New+Democracies&rft.pub=Routledge+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-31797-031-6&rft.aulast=Helms&rft.aufirst=Ludger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2011" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, Jeffrey (2011). <i>East Asian Transformation: On the Political Economy of Dynamism, Governance and Crisis</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13684-113-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13684-113-2"><bdi>978-1-13684-113-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Asian+Transformation%3A+On+the+Political+Economy+of+Dynamism%2C+Governance+and+Crisis&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-13684-113-2&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Democratic+Party+%28Japan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Köllner, Patrick. "The Liberal Democratic Party at 50: Sources of Dominance and Changes in the Koizumi Era", <i>Social Science Japan Journal</i> (Oct 2006) 9#2 pp 243–257.</li> <li>Krauss, Ellis S., and Robert J. Pekkanen. "The Rise and Fall of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party", <i>Journal of Asian Studies</i> (2010) 69#1 pp 5–15, focuses on the 2009 election.</li> <li>Krauss, Ellis S., and Robert J. Pekkanen, eds. <i>The Rise and Fall of Japan's LDP: Political Party Organizations as Historical Institutions</i> (Cornell University Press; 2010) 344 pages; essays by scholars</li> <li>Scheiner, Ethan. <i>Democracy without Competition in Japan: Opposition Failure in a One-Party Dominant State</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2006)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#3CA324;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Template:Liberal Democratic Party of Japan"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Liberal Democratic Party of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal Democratic Party of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:white">Liberal Democratic Party of Japan</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3CA324;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)"><span style="color:white">Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ichir%C5%8D_Hatoyama" title="Ichirō Hatoyama">Hatoyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzan_Ishibashi" title="Tanzan Ishibashi">Ishibashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Kishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayato_Ikeda" title="Hayato Ikeda">Ikeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Satō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakuei_Tanaka" title="Kakuei Tanaka">Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeo_Miki" title="Takeo Miki">Miki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeo_Fukuda" title="Takeo Fukuda">T. Fukuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masayoshi_%C5%8Chira" title="Masayoshi Ōhira">Ōhira</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9D%91_%E8%8B%B1%E4%B8%80" class="extiw" title="ja:西村英一">Nishimura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenk%C5%8D_Suzuki" title="Zenkō Suzuki">Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuhiro_Nakasone" title="Yasuhiro Nakasone">Nakasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noboru_Takeshita" title="Noboru Takeshita">Takeshita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dsuke_Uno" title="Sōsuke Uno">Uno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiki_Kaifu" title="Toshiki Kaifu">Kaifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiichi_Miyazawa" title="Kiichi Miyazawa">Miyazawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dhei_K%C5%8Dno" title="Yōhei Kōno">Kōno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryutaro_Hashimoto" title="Ryutaro Hashimoto">Hashimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiz%C5%8D_Obuchi" title="Keizō Obuchi">Obuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshir%C5%8D_Mori" title="Yoshirō Mori">Mori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Koizumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuo_Fukuda" title="Yasuo Fukuda">Y. Fukuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_As%C5%8D" title="Tarō Asō">Asō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadakazu_Tanigaki" title="Sadakazu Tanigaki">Tanigaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga" title="Yoshihide Suga">Suga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Kishida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3CA324;color:white;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_April_1956&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, April 1956 (page does not exist)">Apr 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_December_1956&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, December 1956 (page does not exist)">Dec 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1957 (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1959&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1959 (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1960&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1960 (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1962&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1962 (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_July_1964&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, July 1964 (page does not exist)">Jul 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_November_1964&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, November 1964 (page does not exist)">Nov 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1966&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1966 (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1968&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1968 (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1970&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1970 (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1972 (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_negotiations,_1974&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential negotiations, 1974 (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_negotiations,_1976&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential negotiations, 1976 (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1978&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1978 (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_negotiations,_1980&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential negotiations, 1980 (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1982 (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_negotiations,_1987&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential negotiations, 1987 (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_negotiations,_June_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential negotiations, June 1989 (page does not exist)">Jun 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_August_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, August 1989 (page does not exist)">Aug 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1991 (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1993 (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1995&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1995 (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1998 (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 1999 (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_negotiations,_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential negotiations, 2000 (page does not exist)">2000</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A%E7%B7%8F%E8%A3%81%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" class="extiw" title="ja:2000年自由民主党総裁選挙">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_2001&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 2001 (page does not exist)">2001</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A%E7%B7%8F%E8%A3%81%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" class="extiw" title="ja:2001年自由民主党総裁選挙">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election,_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election, 2003 (page does not exist)">2003</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A%E7%B7%8F%E8%A3%81%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" class="extiw" title="ja:2003年自由民主党総裁選挙">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2006 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2007 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2008 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2009 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2012 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2015 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2018 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2020 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2021 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2024 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3CA324;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)"><span style="color:white">Factions</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heisei_Kenky%C5%ABkai" title="Heisei Kenkyūkai">Heisei Kenkyūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchikai" title="Kōchikai">Kōchikai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiwa_Seisaku_Kenky%C5%ABkai" title="Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai">Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shik%C5%8Dkai" title="Shikōkai">Shikōkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shisuikai" title="Shisuikai">Shisuikai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3CA324;color:white;">Preceding parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Japan,_1950)" title="Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Democratic_Party" title="Japan Democratic Party">Japan Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3CA324;color:white;">Absorbed parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Liberal_Democratic_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okinawa Liberal Democratic Party (page does not exist)">Okinawa Liberal Democratic Party</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B8%84%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" class="extiw" title="ja:沖縄自由民主党">ja</a>]</span> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Liberal_Club" title="New Liberal Club">New Liberal Club</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Conservative_Party_(Japan)" title="New Conservative Party (Japan)">New Conservative Party</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Japanese_Kokoro" title="Party for Japanese Kokoro">Party for Japanese Kokoro</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3CA324;color:white;">Split parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Liberal_Club" title="New Liberal Club">New Liberal Club</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_New_Party" title="Japan New Party">Japan New Party</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Renewal_Party" title="Japan Renewal Party">Japan Renewal Party</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_Sakigake" title="New Party Sakigake">New Party Sakigake</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_New_Party" title="People's New Party">People's New Party</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Party" title="Your Party">Your Party</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Party" title="Sunrise Party">Sunrise Party</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Renaissance_Party" title="New Renaissance Party">New Renaissance Party</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Restoration_Party" title="Japan Restoration Party">Japan Restoration Party</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#3CA324;color:white;"><div><i>Italics</i> denote acting leader.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Japan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_political_parties" title="Template:Japanese political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_political_parties" title="Template talk:Japanese political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Japan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Japan" title="List of political parties in Japan">Political parties in Japan</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Bracketed numbers indicate numbers of seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">House of Representatives</a> (Lower House) of the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Officially recognized<br /> political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Ishiba_Cabinet" title="Second Ishiba Cabinet">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liberal Democratic</a> (191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komeito" title="Komeito">Komeito</a> (24)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan">Constitutional Democratic</a> (148)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Ishin_no_Kai" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon Ishin no Kai">Japan Innovation</a> (38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_For_the_People" title="Democratic Party For the People">Democratic For the People</a> (28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_Shinsengumi" title="Reiwa Shinsengumi">Reiwa Shinsengumi</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Communist_Party" title="Japanese Communist Party">Communist</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanseit%C5%8D" title="Sanseitō">Sanseitō</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Japan" title="Conservative Party of Japan">Conservative</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Social Democratic Party (Japan)">Social Democratic</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Political organizations with<br />seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABshi_no_Kai" title="Yūshi no Kai">Yūshi</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-t%C5%8D_(Parliamentary_group)" title="N-tō (Parliamentary group)">NHK</a> (0)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Social_Mass_Party" title="Okinawa Social Mass Party">Okinawa Social Mass</a> (0)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics of Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232595#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232595#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232595#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121709316">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141332092">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/217289-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81126874">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14491186b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14491186b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00263675">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36353509">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jiyū Minshutō"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20110722007&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90642127">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=93636">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810618509605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007263580005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00872697?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034968431">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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