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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Namn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Namn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bakgrund</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bakgrund-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Bakgrund</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bakgrund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-M-19_grundas_och_tidig_verksamhet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M-19_grundas_och_tidig_verksamhet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>M-19 grundas och tidig verksamhet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M-19_grundas_och_tidig_verksamhet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partiet_bildas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partiet_bildas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Partiet bildas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partiet_bildas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stormningen_av_Högsta_domstolen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stormningen_av_Högsta_domstolen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Stormningen av Högsta domstolen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stormningen_av_Högsta_domstolen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nya_fredsförhandlingar_och_M-19:s_upplösande" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nya_fredsförhandlingar_och_M-19:s_upplösande"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Nya fredsförhandlingar och M-19:s upplösande</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nya_fredsförhandlingar_och_M-19:s_upplösande-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M-19_i_populärkultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M-19_i_populärkultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>M-19 i populärkultur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M-19_i_populärkultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">M-19</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 21 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_19_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84" title="حركة 19 أبريل – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حركة 19 أبريل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%E2%80%9E19_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%E2%80%9C" title="Движение „19 април“ – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Движение „19 април“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alian%C3%A7a_Democr%C3%A0tica_M-19" title="Aliança Democràtica M-19 – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aliança Democràtica M-19" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_19_de_Abril" title="Movimiento 19 de Abril – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Movimiento 19 de Abril" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_of_April_Movement" title="19th of April Movement – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="19th of April Movement" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_19_de_abril" title="Movimiento 19 de abril – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Movimiento 19 de abril" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-19" title="M-19 – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="M-19" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apirilaren_19ko_mugimendua" title="Apirilaren 19ko mugimendua – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Apirilaren 19ko mugimendua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B4_%DB%B1%DB%B9_%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84" title="جنبش ۱۹ آوریل – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنبش ۱۹ آوریل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_du_19_avril" title="Mouvement du 19 avril – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouvement du 19 avril" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movemento_19_de_Abril" title="Movemento 19 de Abril – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Movemento 19 de Abril" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%C2%B719_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" title="4·19 운동 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="4·19 운동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_19_April" title="Gerakan 19 April – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerakan 19 April" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-19" title="M-19 – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="M-19" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-19" title="M-19 – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="M-19" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%E6%9C%8819%E6%97%A5%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="4月19日運動 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="4月19日運動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruch_19_Kwietnia" title="Ruch 19 Kwietnia – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruch 19 Kwietnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_19_de_Abril" title="Movimento 19 de Abril – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Movimento 19 de Abril" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_19_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Движение 19 апреля (Колумбия) – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Движение 19 апреля (Колумбия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_of_April_Movement" title="19th of April Movement – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="19th of April Movement" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_M-19.svg/250px-Flag_of_M-19.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_M-19.svg/375px-Flag_of_M-19.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_M-19.svg/500px-Flag_of_M-19.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>M-19:s flagga</figcaption></figure> <p><b>M-19</b> var en colombiansk <a href="/wiki/Gerillakrigf%C3%B6ring" title="Gerillakrigföring">gerillagrupp</a> som helt eller delvis var verksam i <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> från 1970-talet fram till början av 2000-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-m19_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m19-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namn">Namn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Namn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Namn"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Namnet M-19, eller "19:de april-rörelsen" som den också kallades för, fick namnet från det datum då gruppens medlemmar började misstänka att segern i presidentvalet blivit stulet från kandidaten <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla" title="Gustavo Rojas Pinilla">Gustavo Rojas</a> till förmån för den konservativa <a href="/wiki/Misael_Pastrana_Borrero" title="Misael Pastrana Borrero">Misael Pastrana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-m19_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m19-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideologi">Ideologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ideologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ideologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ett av M-19:s viktigaste mål var att exponera korruptionen i valsystemet för allmänheten och samtidigt uppmuntra demokratiska värderingar. Som en del i detta ville M-19 förbättra situationen för landets bönder, arbetarklass samt inhemska befolkning. Likaså tog de avstånd från <a href="/wiki/Oligarki" title="Oligarki">oligarkin</a> som de ansåg slagit rot i landet. Dock såg inte M-19 sig själva som en <a href="/wiki/Kommunism" title="Kommunism">kommunistisk</a> grupp utan som en demokratisk grupp vars mål var att skapa en inkluderande <a href="/wiki/Demokrati" title="Demokrati">demokrati</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-m19_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m19-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrund">Bakgrund</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bakgrund" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bakgrund"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M-19_grundas_och_tidig_verksamhet">M-19 grundas och tidig verksamhet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: M-19 grundas och tidig verksamhet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: M-19 grundas och tidig verksamhet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>M-19 grundades 17 januari 1974. Grundarna av M-19 var upprörda studenter som misstänkte att segern i presidentvalet blivit stulet från presidentkandidaten Gustavo Rojas. Bland dessa studenter kan bland annat nämnas Jaime Bateman, Antonio Navarro och Carlos Pizarro. I M-19:s tidiga historia utförde gruppen rån genom vilket de gjorde sig kända när det stal <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívars</a> svärd från ett museum i <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> och lämande en lapp med texten "Bolívar, ditt svärd återgår till striden". Gruppen började efter det ägna sig åt kidnappning där de framför allt riktade in sig på kartellmedlemmar. Åren 1976–1978 kidnappade gruppen ca 400 personer. <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADnkartellen" title="Medellínkartellen">Medellínkartellen</a>, som leddes av knarkungen <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Escobar" title="Pablo Escobar">Pablo Escobar</a>, och vars medlemmar fallit offer för M-19:s kidnappningar startade 1982 organisationen <i>Död åt Kidnappare</i> som en motåtgärd mot M-19:s kidnappningar. 1978 grävde M-19 en 80 meter lång tunnel in i Bogotás främsta militärbas och stal mer än 5 000 vapen från den colombianska armén. Vapen användes två år senare för att storma <a href="/wiki/Dominikanska_republiken" title="Dominikanska republiken">Dominikanska republikena</a> ambassad och höll 57 personer som gisslan. Gruppen släppte alla i gisslan i utbyte mot lösensumma, fri passage till <a href="/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba">Kuba</a> och att 300 M-19-soldater släpptes fria.<sup id="cite_ref-m19_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m19-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partiet_bildas">Partiet bildas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Partiet bildas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Partiet bildas"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Polic%C3%ADa_de_anta%C3%B1o_(5580817176).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Polic%C3%ADa_de_anta%C3%B1o_%285580817176%29.jpg/250px-Polic%C3%ADa_de_anta%C3%B1o_%285580817176%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Polic%C3%ADa_de_anta%C3%B1o_%285580817176%29.jpg/375px-Polic%C3%ADa_de_anta%C3%B1o_%285580817176%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Polic%C3%ADa_de_anta%C3%B1o_%285580817176%29.jpg/500px-Polic%C3%ADa_de_anta%C3%B1o_%285580817176%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>Bild från stormningen av Högsta domstolen 1985</figcaption></figure> <p>1984 försökte president Belisario Betancur fredsförhandla amnesti med gerillagruppen. Förhandlingarna med presidenten fick ett blandat mottagande hos medlemmarna i M-19. En fraktion inom gruppen valde att lägga ned sina vapen för att istället starta partiet Demokratiska Alliansen M-19, medan andra inom gerillagruppen valde att fortsätta den väpnade konflikten. Dock höll inte det nybildade partiet länge då partiets ledare Alvaro Fayad redan ett år senare 1985 proklamerade att partiets medlemmar skulle återuppta sina vapen. Detta då man ansåg att presidenten brutit fredsavtalet.<sup id="cite_ref-m19_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m19-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stormningen_av_Högsta_domstolen"><span id="Stormningen_av_H.C3.B6gsta_domstolen"></span>Stormningen av Högsta domstolen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Stormningen av Högsta domstolen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Stormningen av Högsta domstolen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den 6 november 1985 stormade och beslagtog M-19 Högsta domstolen i Bogotá. Vid den här tidpunkten hade gerillagruppen cirka 2 500 medlemmar men det var endast 28 av dessa som medverkade vid själva stormningen.<sup id="cite_ref-coa_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coa-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motivet till stormningen var att försöka pressa domarna att pröva president Betancur då den ansåg att denne brutit fredsfördraget som delar av M-19 undertecknat 1984. Vid stormningen tog gerillagruppen hundratals gisslan däribland 25 domare. Under de nästkommande dagarna planerade den colombianska armén en motoffensiv för att återta domstolen. Motoffensiven resulterade i ett blodbad där samtliga M-19 soldater dödades, hälften av domarna samt ett stort antal av M-19:s gisslan. Det finns de som menar att medellínkartellens ledare Pablo Escobar låg bakom attacken då det spekuleras i att han eventuellt betalat M-19 en miljon colombianska pesos för att inta domstolen och förstöra juridiska dokument som kunde användas emot honom för att få honom utlämnad till <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-m19_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m19-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nya_fredsförhandlingar_och_M-19:s_upplösande"><span id="Nya_fredsf.C3.B6rhandlingar_och_M-19:s_uppl.C3.B6sande"></span>Nya fredsförhandlingar och M-19:s upplösande</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Nya fredsförhandlingar och M-19:s upplösande" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Nya fredsförhandlingar och M-19:s upplösande"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Alianza_Democr%C3%A1tica_M-19.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flag_of_Alianza_Democr%C3%A1tica_M-19.png/250px-Flag_of_Alianza_Democr%C3%A1tica_M-19.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Flag_of_Alianza_Democr%C3%A1tica_M-19.png 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>Demokratiska Alliansen M-19:s partisymbol</figcaption></figure> <p>1989 inleddes nya fredsförhandlingar med gruppen för att återigen avmilitarisera M-19 och skapa ett <a href="/wiki/Politiskt_parti" title="Politiskt parti">politiskt parti</a>. Den 9 mars 1990 signerade M-19:s ledare Carlos Pizarro fredsavtalet som ledde till att gerillagruppen lämnade in sina vapen och lade ned sin militära verksamhet för att istället ingå i det återupplivade partiet Demokratiska Alliansen M-19.<sup id="cite_ref-m19_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m19-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vid den här tidpunkten hade gruppens medlemsantal ökat till cirka 7 000.<sup id="cite_ref-coa_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coa-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Överlämningen skedde till en speciellt utformad kommission vid M-19:s baser i <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_(kommun),_Colombia" title="Santo Domingo (kommun), Colombia">Santo Domingo</a> samt <a href="/wiki/Pitalito_(kommun)" title="Pitalito (kommun)">Pitalito</a>. Vapnen transporterades till <a href="/wiki/Cali,_Colombia" title="Cali, Colombia">Calí</a> där de sedan smältes ned. Kommissionen bestod bland annat av schweizaren Heinrich Buchbinder, venezuelanen Ernesto Uzcátegui Sandoval, finnländaren Ermie Kaaninen samt britten Frank Barnaby.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dock var det inte alla inom M-19 som skrev under avtalet. En faktion inom gruppen fortsatte med kidnappningar och kom att bland annat kidnappa en brittisk <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a>, president Ernesto Sampers pressekreterare och radiojournalisten William Parra.<sup id="cite_ref-rw_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rw-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Partiet fick initialt en viss framgång och kom att i sitt val till den konstituerande församligen få hela en tredjedel av rösterna vilket till stor del berodde på stödet från urinvånarna.<sup id="cite_ref-rw_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rw-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carlos Pizarro blev så småningom utsedd till partiets presidentkandidat till det kommande presidentvalet men blev skjuten sju veckor senare på ett flyg till <a href="/wiki/Barranquilla" title="Barranquilla">Barranquilla</a>. Partiets framgång skulle också komma att bli kortvarig då en domare i Högsta domstolen begärde 31 av partiets ledare hektade för deras medverkan vid stormningen av Högsta domstolen. Detta trots att ledarna hade fått immunitet i fredsavtalet.<sup id="cite_ref-rw_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rw-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effekten blev att partiet i det efterkommande presidentvalet signifikant tappade i popularitet och partiets nya presidentkandidat Navarro Wolff slutade trea med god marginal.<sup id="cite_ref-rw_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rw-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter det sjönk partiet än mer i popularitet och under tidiga 2000-talet försvann partiet helt från den politiska arenan.<sup id="cite_ref-m19_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m19-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="M-19_i_populärkultur"><span id="M-19_i_popul.C3.A4rkultur"></span>M-19 i populärkultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: M-19 i populärkultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: M-19 i populärkultur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>M-19 förekommer i den <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>-producerade tv-serien <a href="/wiki/Narcos" title="Narcos">Narcos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-19&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-m19-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-m19_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m19_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m19_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m19_1-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m19_1-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m19_1-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m19_1-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m19_1-7"><small>h</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFReports2024">Reports, Colombia (22 mars 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://colombiareports.com/amp/m-19/">”M-19 | Colombia Reports”</a> (på amerikansk engelska). <i><span>Colombia News | Colombia Reports</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://colombiareports.com/amp/m-19/">https://colombiareports.com/amp/m-19/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 juli 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=M-19+%7C+Colombia+Reports&rft.atitle=Colombia+News+%7C+Colombia+Reports&rft.aulast=Reports&rft.aufirst=Colombia&rft.au=Reports%2C+Colombia&rft.date=22+mars+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolombiareports.com%2Famp%2Fm-19%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:M-19"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coa-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-coa_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coa_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.as-coa.org/articles/beyond-farc-colombias-other-illegal-armed-groups-explained">”Beyond the FARC: Colombia's Other Illegal Armed Groups Explained”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>AS/COA</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.as-coa.org/articles/beyond-farc-colombias-other-illegal-armed-groups-explained">https://www.as-coa.org/articles/beyond-farc-colombias-other-illegal-armed-groups-explained</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 juli 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+FARC%3A+Colombia%27s+Other+Illegal+Armed+Groups+Explained&rft.atitle=AS%2FCOA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.as-coa.org%2Farticles%2Fbeyond-farc-colombias-other-illegal-armed-groups-explained&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:M-19"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.socialistinternational.org/committees/latin-america-and-the-caribbean/the-si-and-the-m-19-peace-treaty-in-colombia/">”The SI and the M-19 Peace Treaty in Colombia”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Socialist International</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.socialistinternational.org/committees/latin-america-and-the-caribbean/the-si-and-the-m-19-peace-treaty-in-colombia/">https://www.socialistinternational.org/committees/latin-america-and-the-caribbean/the-si-and-the-m-19-peace-treaty-in-colombia/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 juli 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+SI+and+the+M-19+Peace+Treaty+in+Colombia&rft.atitle=Socialist+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialistinternational.org%2Fcommittees%2Flatin-america-and-the-caribbean%2Fthe-si-and-the-m-19-peace-treaty-in-colombia%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:M-19"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rw-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-rw_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rw_4-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rw_4-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rw_4-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFRefugees">Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/414eee264.html">”Refworld | Colombia: Information on the Former Guerrilla Group M-19”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Refworld</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/414eee264.html">https://www.refworld.org/docid/414eee264.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 juli 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Refworld+%7C+Colombia%3A+Information+on+the+Former+Guerrilla+Group+M-19&rft.atitle=Refworld&rft.aulast=Refugees&rft.aufirst=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for&rft.au=Refugees%2C+United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F414eee264.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:M-19"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFPadilha2024">Padilha, José (28 augusti 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3736868/">”The Sword of Simón Bolivar”</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3736868/">https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3736868/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 juli 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Sword+of+Sim%C3%B3n+Bolivar&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Padilha&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=Padilha%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rft.date=28+augusti+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt3736868%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:M-19"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M-19&oldid=54206174">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M-19&oldid=54206174</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Gerillagrupper" title="Kategori:Gerillagrupper">Gerillagrupper</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Colombias_historia" title="Kategori:Colombias historia">Colombias historia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 10 december 2023 kl. 13.29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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