Editorial policies | Springer | Springer

<!doctype html> <html lang="en" > <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/public/css/styles.css"/> <title> Editorial policies | Springer | Springer — International Publisher </title> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/public/images/springer-icon.svg"/> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ hotjarSiteId: 1381312, gaUniversalTrackingId: "UA-10576520-2", }); </script> <script src="https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-latest.js"></script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://collect.springer.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-54556ZX');</script>  <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> </head> <body> <a class="c-skip-link" href="#main">skip to context</a> <header class="c-header"> <div class="c-header__container"> <div class="c-header__brand"> <a href="/" itemprop="url" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - / - Springer home" data-track-category="header links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies"> <img alt="Springer home" itemprop="logo" role="img" src="/public/images/springer-logo.svg"> </a> </div> <ul class="c-header__menu"> <li class="c-header__item"> <a href="https://www.springer.com/springerlinkshop" class="c-header__link" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springer.com/springerlinkshop - SpringerLink shop" data-track-category="header links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies"> <span class="u-display-flex u-align-items-center"> SpringerLink shop <svg class="u-icon u-ml-4" width="22" height="22" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="/public/images/shop.svg#i-shop"></use> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <nav class="c-header__nav"> <ul class="c-header__nav-menu"> <li class="c-header__item"> <a href="/gp/subjects" class="c-header__link c-header__link--nav" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/subjects - Subjects" data-track-category="header links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Subjects</a> </li> <li class="c-header__item"> <a href="#services" class="c-header__link c-header__link--nav" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - #services - Services" data-track-category="header links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Services</a> </li> <li class="c-header__item"> <a href="/gp/about-springer" class="c-header__link c-header__link--nav" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/about-springer - About Us" data-track-category="header links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">About Us</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </header> <main class="u-container u-mt-32 u-mb-64" id="main" tabindex="-1"> <div class="u-mt-32 l-with-sidebar" style="--with-sidebar--gap: 4rem;"> <div class="main" style="--with-sidebar--min: 55%"> <div data-title="Editorial Policies" class="block" id="id-49260" data-type="local/article" lang="en"> <article> <h1> Editorial Policies </h1> <div class="c-content"><p>Springer and Discover <strong>journals</strong> will be guided by <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank" class="is-external">COPE</a> guidelines, however the  journals will continue to make independent decisions based on our existing policies and principles.</p></div> </article> </div> <div data-title="Communicate with Respect" class="block" id="id-49261" data-type="local/article" lang="en"> <article> <h2> Communicate with Respect </h2> <div class="c-content"><ul> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/communicate-with-respect/25530534" target="_blank">Communicate with Respect</a></li> </ul></div> </article> </div> <div data-title="Author Responsibilities and Ethics" class="block" id="id-49262" data-type="local/article" lang="en"> <article> <h2> Author Responsibilities and Ethics </h2> <div class="c-content"><ul> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/authorship-principles" target="_blank">Authorship Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/competing-interests" target="_blank">Competing Interests</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/ethical-responsibilities-of-authors" target="_blank">Ethical Responsibilities of Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/citations" target="_self">Citations</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.springer.com/gp/editorial-policies/authorship-principles#c18100702" target="_self" class="is-external">Confidentiality</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/preprint-sharing" target="_blank">Preprint Sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/corrections-and-retractions" target="_blank">Corrections and Retractions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.springer.com/gp/editorial-policies/corrections-and-retractions#toc-49262" target="_blank" class="is-external">Removal of Published Content</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/appeals-and-complaints" target="_blank">Appeals and Complaints</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/predatory-journals-and-references" target="_blank">Predatory Journals and References</a></li> </ul></div> </article> </div> <div data-title="Competing Interests" class="block" id="id-49263" data-type="local/article" lang="en"> <article> <h2> Competing Interests </h2> <div class="c-content"><ul> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/competing-interests-policy" target="_blank">Competing Interests Policy</a></li> </ul></div> </article> </div> <div data-title="Artificial Intelligence (AI)" class="block" id="id-49264" data-type="local/article" lang="en"> <article> <h2> Artificial Intelligence (AI) </h2> <div class="c-content"><ul> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/artificial-intelligence--ai-/25428500" target="_blank">AI Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/artificial-intelligence--ai-/25428500" target="_blank">Generative AI Images</a></li> <li><a href="https://preview.springer.com/us/editorial-policies/artificial-intelligence--ai-/25428500" target="_self" class="is-external">AI Use by Peer Reviewers</a></li> </ul></div> </article> </div> <div data-title="Ethics and Biosecurity" class="block" id="id-49265" data-type="local/article" lang="en"> <article> <h2> Ethics and Biosecurity </h2> <div class="c-content"><ul> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/informed-consent" target="_blank">Informed Consent</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/sex-and-gender-in-research-sager-guidelines" target="_blank">Sex and Gender in Research (SAGER Guidelines)</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/research-involving-human-and-or-animal-participants" target="_blank">Research Involving Human Participants, their Data or Biological Material</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/research-involving-human-embryos" target="_blank">Research Involving Human Embryos, Gametes, and Stem Cells</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/complementary-and-alternative-medicine-standards-for-research" target="_blank">Complementary and Alternative Medicine Standards for Research</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/research-involving-animals-and-their-data-or-biological-material" target="_blank">Research Involving Animals, their Data or Biological Material</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/utilization-of-plants-algae-fungi" target="_blank">Utilization of Plants, Algae, Fungi</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/research-involving-palaeontological-and-geological-material" target="_blank">Research Involving Palaeontological and Geological Material</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/dual-use-research-of-concern/18158822" target="_blank">Dual Use of Research Content</a></li> </ul></div> </article> </div> <div data-title="Data Availability and Standards of Reporting" class="block" id="id-49266" data-type="local/article" lang="en"> <article> <h2> Data Availability and Standards of Reporting </h2> <div class="c-content"><ul> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/data-availability-statement" target="_blank">Data Availability Statements</a></li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/standards-of-reporting" target="_blank">Standards of Reporting</a></li> </ul></div> </article> </div> <div data-title="Peer-Review Policy" class="block" id="id-49267" data-type="local/article" lang="en"> <article> <h2> Peer-Review Policy </h2> <div class="c-content"><ul> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/peer-review-policy-process" target="_blank">Polic</a>y</li> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/peer-review-policy-process" target="_blank">Process and Guidance for Peer Reviewers</a> </li> </ul></div> </article> </div> <div data-title="Collections and Special Issues" class="block" id="id-49268" data-type="local/article" lang="en"> <article> <h2> Collections and Special Issues </h2> <div class="c-content"><ul> <li><a href="/gp/editorial-policies/collections-and-special-issues/25516108" target="_blank">Collections and Special Issues</a></li> </ul></div> </article> </div> </div> <aside class="sidebar l-with-sidebar__sidebar" style="--with-sidebar--basis: 454px"> <div data-title="Untitled" class="block" id="id-49269" data-type="local/menuBox" lang="en"> <nav class="c-box" aria-labelledby="title-49269"> <h2 id="title-49269" class="c-box__heading" aria-level="2"> <a href="/gp/editorial-policies" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/editorial-policies - Editorial Policies" data-track-category="menu links" data-track-label="gp/editorial-policies"> Editorial Policies </a> </h2> <ul class="c-box-links"> </ul> </nav> </div> <div data-title="Untitled" class="block" id="id-49271" data-type="local/menuBox" lang="en"> <nav class="c-box" aria-labelledby="title-49271"> <h2 id="title-49271" class="c-box__heading" aria-level="2"> Resources </h2> <ul class="c-box-links"> <li class="c-box-links__item"> <a href="/gp/editorial-policies/statistics-guide/19315188" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/editorial-policies/statistics-guide/19315188 - Statistics Guide" data-track-category="menu item" data-track-label="gp/editorial-policies"> <span class="u-display-flex u-align-items-center"> Statistics Guide </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-box-links__item"> <a href="/gp/editorial-policies/interactive-course/17768870" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/editorial-policies/interactive-course/17768870 - Interactive course" data-track-category="menu item" data-track-label="gp/editorial-policies"> <span class="u-display-flex u-align-items-center"> Interactive course </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-box-links__item"> <a href="/gp/editorial-policies/springer-s-guide-on-publishing-ethics/17769794" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/editorial-policies/springer-s-guide-on-publishing-ethics/17769794 - Springer’s guide on publishing ethics" data-track-category="menu item" data-track-label="gp/editorial-policies"> <span class="u-display-flex u-align-items-center"> Springer’s guide on publishing ethics </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-box-links__item"> <a href="/gp/editorial-policies/book-and-proceedings-policies/19825196" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/editorial-policies/book-and-proceedings-policies/19825196 - Book and Proceedings policies" data-track-category="menu item" data-track-label="gp/editorial-policies"> <span class="u-display-flex u-align-items-center"> Book and Proceedings policies </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div data-title="Untitled" class="block" id="id-49276" data-type="local/card" lang="en"> <div class="c-card"> <div class="c-card__image"> <img src="https://resource-cms.springernature.com/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/18105974/data/v3" alt="Dora"> </div> <div class="c-card__body"> </div> </div> </div> <div data-title="Your ORCID iD – As unique as you" class="block" id="id-49278" data-type="local/card" lang="en"> <div class="c-card"> <div class="c-card__image"> <img src="https://resource-cms.springernature.com/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/12238200/data/v4" alt="Picture1"> </div> <div class="c-card__body"> <h3 class="c-card__title"> <a class="c-card__link" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/orcid?utm_source=springer&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=RMarketing&utm_campaign=AEXS_1_CB02_GL_ORCID-Springer_teaser - Your ORCID iD – As unique as you" data-track-category="card" data-track-label="gp/editorial-policies" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/orcid?utm_source=springer&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=RMarketing&utm_campaign=AEXS_1_CB02_GL_ORCID-Springer_teaser"> Your ORCID iD – As unique as you </a> </h3> <div class="c-card__summary"><p>This persistent ID distinguishes you from every other researcher. Automated linkages between you and your publications or reviews ensure that your work is recognized. Your achievements will never be confused with a colleague’s work.<br></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="c-dropdowns" id="dropdowns"> <div class="c-dropdowns__container"> <div class="c-dropdown" id="services" tabindex="-1"> <h2 class="c-dropdown__title">Services</h2> <ul class="c-dropdown__list"> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="/gp/advertisers" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/advertisers - Advertisers" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Advertisers</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="/gp/authors-editors" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/authors-editors - Authors & Editors" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Authors & Editors</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/booksellers" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springernature.com/gp/booksellers - Booksellers (SpringerNature)" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Booksellers (SpringerNature)</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="/gp/reviewers" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/reviewers - Book Reviewers" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Book Reviewers</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors/lecturers" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors/lecturers - Instructors & lecturers (SpringerNature)" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Instructors & lecturers (SpringerNature)</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="/gp/about-springer/media" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/about-springer/media - Journalists" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Journalists</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians - Librarians (SpringerNature)" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Librarians (SpringerNature)</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="/gp/open-access" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/open-access - Open Access & Springer" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Open Access & Springer</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="/gp/editorial-policies" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/editorial-policies - Editorial Policies" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Editorial Policies</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="/gp/rights-permissions" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/rights-permissions - Rights & Permissions" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Rights & Permissions</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="/gp/partners" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/partners - Societies & Publishing Partners" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Societies & Publishing Partners</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/agents" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/agents - Subscription Agencies (SpringerNature)" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Subscription Agencies (SpringerNature)</a> </li> <li class="c-dropdown__item"> <a href="/gp/help" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/help - Help & Contact" data-track-category="dropdown links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Help & Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-publisher-footer"> <div class="c-publisher-footer__section"> <div class="c-publisher-footer__container"> <div class="c-publisher-footer__menu"> <div class="c-publisher-footer__menu-group"> <dl class="c-publisher-footer__list"> <dt class="c-publisher-footer__heading">Publish with us</dt> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/authors-editors" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/authors-editors - Authors" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Authors</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/authors-editors/journal-author" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/authors-editors/journal-author - Journal authors" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Journal authors</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/editorial-policies" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/editorial-policies - Editorial Policies" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Editorial Policies</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/open-access" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/open-access - Open access & Springer" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Open access & Springer</a> </dd> </dl> </div> <div class="c-publisher-footer__menu-group"> <dl class="c-publisher-footer__list"> <dt class="c-publisher-footer__heading">Discover content</dt> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="https://link.springer.com/" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://link.springer.com/ - SpringerLink" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">SpringerLink</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="https://link.springer.com/books/a/1" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://link.springer.com/books/a/1 - Books A - Z" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Books A - Z</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="https://link.springer.com/journals/a/1" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://link.springer.com/journals/a/1 - Journals A - Z" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Journals A - Z</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="https://link.springer.com/video" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://link.springer.com/video - Video" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Video</a> </dd> </dl> </div> <div class="c-publisher-footer__menu-group"> <dl class="c-publisher-footer__list"> <dt class="c-publisher-footer__heading">Other services</dt> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors/lecturers" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors/lecturers - Instructors & lecturers (SpringerNature)" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Instructors & lecturers (SpringerNature)</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians - Librarians (SpringerNature)" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Librarians (SpringerNature)</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/partners" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/partners - Societies & Publishing Partners" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Societies & Publishing Partners</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/advertisers" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/advertisers - Advertisers" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Advertisers</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="https://link.springer.com/shop/springer/titles/en-eu/" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://link.springer.com/shop/springer/titles/en-eu/ - SpringerLink shop" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">SpringerLink shop</a> </dd> </dl> </div> <div class="c-publisher-footer__menu-group"> <dl class="c-publisher-footer__list"> <dt class="c-publisher-footer__heading">About Springer</dt> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/about-springer" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/about-springer - About us" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">About us</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/help" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/help - Help & Support" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Help & Support</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/help/contact" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/help/contact - Contact us" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Contact us</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/about-springer/media/press-releases" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/about-springer/media/press-releases - Press releases" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Press releases</a> </dd> <dd class="c-publisher-footer__item"> <a class="c-publisher-footer__link " href="/gp/imprint/610056" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/imprint/610056 - Impressum" data-track-category="publisher footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Impressum</a> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-corporate-footer"> <div class="c-corporate-footer__container"> <nav> <ul class="c-corporate-footer__links"> <li> <button class="c-corporate-footer__link" data-cc-action="preferences">Your Privacy Choices / Manage Cookies</button> </li> <li> <a class="c-corporate-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/info/accessibility" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springernature.com/gp/info/accessibility - Accessibility statement" data-track-category="corporate footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Accessibility statement</a> </li> <li> <a class="c-corporate-footer__link" href="/gp/privacy-policy" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/privacy-policy - Privacy policy" data-track-category="corporate footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li> <a class="c-corporate-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/legal/ccpa" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springernature.com/gp/legal/ccpa - Your US State Privacy Rights" data-track-category="corporate footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Your US State Privacy Rights</a> </li> <li> <a class="c-corporate-footer__link" href="/gp/standard-terms-and-conditions-of-business" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/standard-terms-and-conditions-of-business - Terms and conditions" data-track-category="corporate footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Terms and conditions</a> </li> <li> <a class="c-corporate-footer__link" href="/gp/help" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /gp/help - Help and support" data-track-category="corporate footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies">Help and support</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp" class="c-corporate-footer__link" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - https://www.springernature.com/gp - Springer Nature logo" data-track-category="corporate footer links" data-track-label="/gp/editorial-policies"> <img src="/public/images/springernature-logo.svg" alt="Springer Nature logo" loading="lazy" width="200" height="20"/> </a> <p class="c-corporate-footer__legal" data-test="copyright">© 2023 Springer Nature</p> </div> </div> </footer> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=&gtm_auth=&gtm_preview=&gtm_cookies_win=x;" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="Google Tag Manager"></iframe> </noscript> <script type="module" src="/public/js/bundle.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Editorial policies | Springer | Springer — International Publisher