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F . Foulds" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/20524/6922/1144698/s200_frederick.foulds.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Frederick W . F . Foulds</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://durham.academia.edu/">Durham University</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://durham.academia.edu/Departments/Archaeology/Documents">Archaeology</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Post-Doc</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Frederick" data-follow-user-id="20524" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="20524"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">321</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">334</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">18</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/FrederickFoulds/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><a href="https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds/Analytics"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></a></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">I specialise in the Palaeolithic of Britiain and Europe, with an emphasis in the analysis of Mode 1 and Mode 2 technologies. My research has examined potential interaction between anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals, the Neanderthal extinction, and the applications of social theory to Lower Palaeolithic material culture. My published work has focused on refitting analysis and the identification of idiosyncratic markers in production technique, 3D scanning of stone tools, and socially derived templates for handaxe manufacture. In addition, I have edited two volumes on experimental archaeology and Palaeolithic/Mesolithic research.<br /><br />I am currently working as part of the AHRC funded "Digital Technologies, Acheulean Handaxes and the Social Landscapes of the Lower Palaeolithic" project at Durham University. I have conducted fieldwork focusing on a variety of periods in Britain, Spain and Saudi Arabia and have previously been involved in the AHRC funded project "Songs of the Caves: acoustics and prehistoric art in Cantabrian caves", as well as the ERC funded "DISPERSE - Dynamic Landscapes, Coastal Environments and Human Dispersals" project in collaboration with the University of York. I was also the lithics specialist for the Royal Archaeological Institute funded "New Light on Old Sites" project. I have written multiple lithics analysis reports for various commercial units throughout Britain, analysing lithics dating from the Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age.<br /><br />Outside of academia I am known to be a fan of cups of tea, flint knapping and board games.<br /><span class="u-fw700">Supervisors: </span>Mark White and Peter Rowley-Conwy<br /><b>Address: </b>Department of Archaeology<br />Durham University<br />South Road<br />Durham<br />DH1 3LE<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/NoelBSalazar"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Noel B. 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F . Foulds</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38598799"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38598799/Lithics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lithics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58712575/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38598799/Lithics">Lithics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Death, Burial and Identity: 3,000 Years of Death in the Vale of Mowbray</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Evidence for flint knapping activity was found within burial contexts across the A1 scheme, with ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Evidence for flint knapping activity was found within burial contexts across the A1 scheme, with the exception of those from Scurragh House. The prehistoric activity across the scheme will be discussed in a separate publication. The data that supports the discussion presented here is available via the Archaeology Data Service.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b2252b602d8476c4c13e3ff1a7389062" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58712575,"asset_id":38598799,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58712575/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38598799"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38598799"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38598799; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38598799]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38598799]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38598799; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38598799']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b2252b602d8476c4c13e3ff1a7389062" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38598799]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38598799,"title":"Lithics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38598799/Lithics","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . 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Here the authors show that high levels of symmetry occur in the British Late Middle Pleistocene Acheulean, which they consider to be a deliberate, socially mediated act. Furthermore, they argue that lithic technology in general, and handaxes in particular, were part of a pleasure-reward system linked to dopamine-releasing neurons in the brain. Making handaxes made Acheulean hominins happy, and one particularly pleasing property was symmetry.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36876814"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36876814"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36876814; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36876814]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36876814]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36876814; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36876814']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36876814]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36876814,"title":"Symmetry is its own reward: on the character and significance of Acheulean handaxe symmetry in the Middle Pleistocene","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36876814/Symmetry_is_its_own_reward_on_the_character_and_significance_of_Acheulean_handaxe_symmetry_in_the_Middle_Pleistocene","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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F . Foulds</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://king-saud.academia.edu/AAlsharekh">Abdullah M Alsharekh</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Geological Setting, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Red Sea</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36209868"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36209868"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36209868; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36209868]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36209868]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36209868; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36209868']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36209868]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36209868,"title":"Landscape Archaeology, Palaeolithic Survey and Coastal Change along the Southern Red Sea of Saudi Arabia","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36209868/Landscape_Archaeology_Palaeolithic_Survey_and_Coastal_Change_along_the_Southern_Red_Sea_of_Saudi_Arabia","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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F . Foulds</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://naa-co-uk.academia.edu/GavRobinson">Gav Robinson</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lithics: the journal of the Lithic Studies Society</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Archaeological monitoring, undertaken as part of the upgrading of access tracks on Barningham Moo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Archaeological monitoring, undertaken as part of the upgrading of access tracks on Barningham Moor, identified a concentration of lithics within a thin palaeosol close to the scheduled Badger Way Stoop cairnfield. Due to the extent of this soil remnant, and its association with the cairnfield, which lies immediately to the south, 11 1 m by 1 m test-pits were hand-excavated along the development route to obtain a sample of the artefacts. Twenty-three lithic artefacts were recovered, five of which could be assigned to the Late Mesolithic or Early Neolithic periods. As a result, the assemblage predates the presumed age of the cairnfield, which is suggested to date to the Bronze Age, suggesting that the area may have been a focus for an extended period of prehistoric activity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="33b9ddca9d3f6d917585dc3e4cdee2da" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56111374,"asset_id":36209840,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56111374/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36209840"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36209840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36209840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36209840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36209840]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36209840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36209840']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "33b9ddca9d3f6d917585dc3e4cdee2da" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36209840]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36209840,"title":"A LATE MESOLITHIC OR EARLY NEOLITHIC FINDSPOT ON BARNINGHAM MOOR, COUNTY DURHAM, UK","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36209840/A_LATE_MESOLITHIC_OR_EARLY_NEOLITHIC_FINDSPOT_ON_BARNINGHAM_MOOR_COUNTY_DURHAM_UK","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . 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The DISPERSE Project has focused on south-western Arabia as a possible centre of hominin settlement and a primary stepping-stone for such dispersals. This work has led to the recent discovery, at Wadi Dabsa, of an exceptional assemblage of over 1000 lithic artefacts, including the first known giant handaxe from the Arabian Peninsula. The site and its associated artefacts provide important new evidence for hominin dispersals out of Africa, and give further insight into the giant handaxe phenomenon present within the Acheulean stone tool industry.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35629409"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35629409"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35629409; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35629409]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35629409]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35629409; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35629409']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35629409]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35629409,"title":"A large handaxe from Wadi Dabsa and early hominin adaptations within the Arabian Peninsula","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35629409/A_large_handaxe_from_Wadi_Dabsa_and_early_hominin_adaptations_within_the_Arabian_Peninsula","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34552095"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34552095/Cave_acoustics_in_prehistory_Exploring_the_association_of_Palaeolithic_visual_motifs_and_acoustic_response"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cave acoustics in prehistory: Exploring the association of Palaeolithic visual motifs and acoustic response" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54465335/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34552095/Cave_acoustics_in_prehistory_Exploring_the_association_of_Palaeolithic_visual_motifs_and_acoustic_response">Cave acoustics in prehistory: Exploring the association of Palaeolithic visual motifs and acoustic response</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uva-es.academia.edu/CristinaTejedorRodr%C3%ADguez">Cristina Tejedor-Rodríguez</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/ChrisScarre">Chris Scarre</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hud.academia.edu/RupertTill">Rupert Till</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uva-es.academia.edu/ManoloRojoGuerra">Manolo Rojo Guerra</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WyattSimon">Simon Wyatt</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ceturiasonenses.academia.edu/CarlosGarciaBenito">Carlos García Benito</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/HelenDrinkall">Helen Drinkall</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds">Frederick W . F . Foulds</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://salford.academia.edu/BrunoFazenda">Bruno Fazenda</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unican.academia.edu/ROBERTOONTA%C3%91%C3%93N">ROBERTO ONTAÑÓN</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">During the 1980 s, acoustic studies of Upper Palaeolithic imagery in French caves—using the techn...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">During the 1980 s, acoustic studies of Upper Palaeolithic imagery in French caves—using the technology then available—suggested a relationship between acoustic response and the location of visual motifs. This paper presents an investigation, using modern acoustic measurement techniques, into such relationships within the caves of La Garma, Las Chimeneas, La Pasiega, El Castillo, and Tito Bustillo in Northern Spain. It addresses methodological issues concerning acoustic measurement at enclosed archaeological sites and outlines a general framework for extraction of acoustic features that may be used to support archaeological hypotheses. The analysis explores possible associations between the position of visual motifs (which may be up to 40 000 yrs old) and localized acoustic responses. Results suggest that motifs, in general, and lines and dots, in particular, are statistically more likely to be found in places where reverberation is moderate and where the low frequency acoustic response has evidence of resonant behavior. The work presented suggests that an association of the location of Palaeolithic motifs with acoustic features is a statistically weak but tenable hypothesis, and that an appreciation of sound could have influenced behavior among Palaeolithic societies of this region.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ec4dc9258400461ec04ca108f4b9ea9b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54465335,"asset_id":34552095,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54465335/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34552095"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34552095"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34552095; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34541468"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34541468/Cave_acoustics_in_prehistory_Exploring_the_association_of_Palaeolithic_visual_motifs_and_acoustic_response"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cave acoustics in prehistory: Exploring the association of Palaeolithic visual motifs and acoustic response" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54432021/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34541468/Cave_acoustics_in_prehistory_Exploring_the_association_of_Palaeolithic_visual_motifs_and_acoustic_response">Cave acoustics in prehistory: Exploring the association of Palaeolithic visual motifs and acoustic response</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hud.academia.edu/RupertTill">Rupert Till</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/ChrisScarre">Chris Scarre</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uva-es.academia.edu/RaquelJim%C3%A9nezPasalodos">Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ceturiasonenses.academia.edu/CarlosGarciaBenito">Carlos García Benito</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unican.academia.edu/ROBERTOONTA%C3%91%C3%93N">ROBERTO ONTAÑÓN</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WyattSimon">Simon Wyatt</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/HelenDrinkall">Helen Drinkall</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds">Frederick W . F . Foulds</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uva-es.academia.edu/ManoloRojoGuerra">Manolo Rojo Guerra</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">During the 1980 s, acoustic studies of Upper Palaeolithic imagery in French caves—using the techn...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">During the 1980 s, acoustic studies of Upper Palaeolithic imagery in French caves—using the technology then available—suggested a relationship between acoustic response and the location of visual motifs. This paper presents an investigation, using modern acoustic measurement techniques, into such relationships within the caves of La Garma, Las Chimeneas, La Pasiega, El Castillo, and Tito Bustillo in Northern Spain. It addresses methodological issues concerning acoustic measurement at enclosed archaeological sites and outlines a general framework for extraction of acoustic features that may be used to support archaeological hypotheses. The analysis explores possible associations between the position of visual motifs (which may be up to 40 000 yrs old) and localized acoustic responses. Results suggest that motifs, in general, and lines and dots, in particular, are statistically more likely to be found in places where reverberation is moderate and where the low frequency acoustic response has evidence of resonant behavior. The work presented suggests that an association of the location of Palaeolithic motifs with acoustic features is a statistically weak but tenable hypothesis, and that an appreciation of sound could have influenced behavior among Palaeolithic societies of this region.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4886dcd15e4373046a17948435031126" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54432021,"asset_id":34541468,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54432021/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34541468"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34541468"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34541468; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31121444"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31121444/EXPLORING_LATE_NEANDERTHAL_LOCALES_PRELIMINARY_REANALYSES_OF_MIDDLE_PALAEOLITHIC_ASSEMBLAGES_FROM_THE_AXE_VALLEY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of EXPLORING LATE NEANDERTHAL LOCALES: PRELIMINARY REANALYSES OF MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE AXE VALLEY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51556825/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31121444/EXPLORING_LATE_NEANDERTHAL_LOCALES_PRELIMINARY_REANALYSES_OF_MIDDLE_PALAEOLITHIC_ASSEMBLAGES_FROM_THE_AXE_VALLEY">EXPLORING LATE NEANDERTHAL LOCALES: PRELIMINARY REANALYSES OF MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE AXE VALLEY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lithics: the journal of the Lithic Studies Society</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">“Recently, White & Pettitt (2011) put forward the concept of Local Operational Areas (LOAs) for s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">“Recently, White & Pettitt (2011) put forward the concept of Local Operational Areas (LOAs) for several regions in late Middle Palaeolithic Britain. They suggested that local clusters of sites and findspots represent regional areas in which Neanderthals operated, possibly in conjunction with seasonal occupations. They also noted that British Neanderthal raw-material acquisition occurred over a local scale, with flint generally acquired within 5 km of findspots and never further than ~30–40 km, consistent with Geneste’s (1985; 1989) local and regional scales of raw- material transfer, indicating a potential constraint on landscape use. Furthermore, they posit whether LOAs were part of a wider network of Neanderthal occupation and relocation throughout Britain. . . .”</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cf133d86c564d434d092e7f8bd3dd241" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51556825,"asset_id":31121444,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51556825/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31121444"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31121444"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31121444; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31121444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31121444]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31121444; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31121444']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cf133d86c564d434d092e7f8bd3dd241" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31121444]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31121444,"title":"EXPLORING LATE NEANDERTHAL LOCALES: PRELIMINARY REANALYSES OF MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE AXE VALLEY","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31121444/EXPLORING_LATE_NEANDERTHAL_LOCALES_PRELIMINARY_REANALYSES_OF_MIDDLE_PALAEOLITHIC_ASSEMBLAGES_FROM_THE_AXE_VALLEY","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[{"id":51556825,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51556825/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"697-766-1-PB.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51556825/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"EXPLORING_LATE_NEANDERTHAL_LOCALES_PRELI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51556825/697-766-1-PB-libre.pdf?1485799344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEXPLORING_LATE_NEANDERTHAL_LOCALES_PRELI.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816928\u0026Signature=azJ9qixzne9LjtI3lYgx9eWJeaojg2ODEUE5dlq5vGBERAyZJzlJr36eH5lbx6qTvTNt2lrPwHwCHJnu8qVur5SY6hSKgqGKf9a3ryZLgxNKiHlGAVYa1Y5pwTClNgc3hbkWHvA8hu3n3j~he1jvCtiwpRCjf0KVGu6NhOpNxzIngifK8136DqSkwytEGvp7DCWt8c8rgGUHR~LTE3D~~H18xi1R8V--jTs8gBFHgY4XaJN62IOTbw1PA61G4yM7Thrwl-ozHyJAsDBRHDNVRUGzc72U2Ij2XQh3zRJAJQ8iDx78YByR8s0lKf3r~F-eT9ZxrAJUfQG9yFioZhgUKA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2362393"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2362393/Invisible_Individuals_Visible_Groups_on_the_evidence_for_individuals_and_groups_at_the_Lower_Palaeolithic_site_of_Caddington_Bedfordshire_UK"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Invisible Individuals, Visible Groups: on the evidence for individuals and groups at the Lower Palaeolithic site of Caddington, Bedfordshire, UK" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34311130/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2362393/Invisible_Individuals_Visible_Groups_on_the_evidence_for_individuals_and_groups_at_the_Lower_Palaeolithic_site_of_Caddington_Bedfordshire_UK">Invisible Individuals, Visible Groups: on the evidence for individuals and groups at the Lower Palaeolithic site of Caddington, Bedfordshire, UK</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Wild Things: recent advances in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic research</span><span>, Dec 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An emphasis on socially orientated approaches to studying the Palaeolithic has become commonplace...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An emphasis on socially orientated approaches to studying the Palaeolithic has become commonplace in current research. As a result, a “bottom up” approach to interpreting the material record has developed, which emphasises the individual as the appropriate analytical unit. However, this approach often reduces discussion to “theoretical storytelling”, and there is currently no suitable methodology in place to enable the hypotheses brought about by such discourse to be adequately tested. This paper presents research designed to investigate whether the individual is truly a viable unit of analysis within the Lower Palaeolithic. Using an innovative form of analysis centred around the study of flake scar patterning on Acheulean handaxes, the possibilities of tracing individual knappers through the Lower Palaeolithic tools from the site of Caddington are explored. The results indicate that a suite of factors collaborate to continually redefine lithic reduction, resulting in any idiosyncrasies present being subsumed within a flexible approach to the knapping of stone tools. However, the possibilities of variable group traditions are detected. The implications of this bring into question our ability to produce meaningful dialogues regarding the study of individuals and emphasises that we still do not fully understand how groups influenced Palaeolithic society.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9b4e9750098e47def5737b3ad1f31534" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34311130,"asset_id":2362393,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34311130/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2362393"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2362393"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2362393; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362393]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362393]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2362393; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2362393']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9b4e9750098e47def5737b3ad1f31534" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2362393]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2362393,"title":"Invisible Individuals, Visible Groups: on the evidence for individuals and groups at the Lower Palaeolithic site of Caddington, Bedfordshire, UK","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"An emphasis on socially orientated approaches to studying the Palaeolithic has become commonplace in current research. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="261177"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/261177/The_Enigmatic_Handaxe_In_Search_of_Idiosyncrasies_in_Bifacial_Technology_through_Three_Dimensional_Form"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Enigmatic Handaxe: In Search of Idiosyncrasies in Bifacial Technology through Three-Dimensional Form" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/261177/The_Enigmatic_Handaxe_In_Search_of_Idiosyncrasies_in_Bifacial_Technology_through_Three_Dimensional_Form">The Enigmatic Handaxe: In Search of Idiosyncrasies in Bifacial Technology through Three-Dimensional Form</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Experimental Archaeology and Theory: Recent Approches to Archaeological Hypotheses </span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Palaeolithic archaeology has experienced a dramatic shift from processual to post-processual theo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Palaeolithic archaeology has experienced a dramatic shift from processual to post-processual theory in recent years.  As a result we have begun to adjust our focus from interpreting the roles of groups of hominids to investigating the way in which ‘individual’ hominins had an impact on their societies. While some argue for a ‘bottom-up’ approach to the study of the Palaeolithic (Gamble & Gittens, 2004), others are of the opinion that the study of ‘individual’ hominins is a goal beyond the resolution of the Palaeolithic archaeological record (e.g. Clark, 1992).  Perhaps more problematic is the current lack of a methodological framework that allows us to test our theoretical assumptions and interpret the social aspect of material culture beyond mere ‘naïve reconstructionism’ (Hopkinson & White 2005). With lithic assemblages being our most celebrated source of evidence for Palaeolithic societies, this paper presents the results from a new and innovative experiment that seeks to show whether these artefacts can be attributed to the individuals who made them.  Using three-dimensional reconstruction of tool forms and a reflexive method of interpreting the data, this attempts to test the validity of the ‘bottom-up’ approach in a step towards new analytical techniques that may ask, and answer, new questions of Palaeolithic material culture.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="261177"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="261177"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 261177; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=261177]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=261177]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 261177; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='261177']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=261177]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":261177,"title":"The Enigmatic Handaxe: In Search of Idiosyncrasies in Bifacial Technology through Three-Dimensional Form","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/261177/The_Enigmatic_Handaxe_In_Search_of_Idiosyncrasies_in_Bifacial_Technology_through_Three_Dimensional_Form","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6019641"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/6019641/Introduction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Introduction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/6019641/Introduction">Introduction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Experimental Archaeology and Theory: Recent approaches to archaeological hypotheses</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6019641"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6019641"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6019641; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6019641]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6019641]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6019641; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6019641']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6019641]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6019641,"title":"Introduction","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6019641/Introduction","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="261176"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/261176/Investigating_the_Individual_An_Experimental_Approach_through_Lithic_Refitting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Investigating the Individual: An Experimental Approach through Lithic Refitting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/2066843/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/261176/Investigating_the_Individual_An_Experimental_Approach_through_Lithic_Refitting">Investigating the Individual: An Experimental Approach through Lithic Refitting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent years have seen a dramatic shift from processual to post-processual theory in Palaeolithic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent years have seen a dramatic shift from processual to post-processual theory in Palaeolithic archaeology. As a result, the interpretive focus of archaeological investigations into the material record has begun to shift from the actions of hominid groups to the ways in which individual hominins influenced society. While some maintain that this ‘bottom-up’ approach is the analytical ideal (Gamble & Gittins 2004), others have suggested that the study of individuals is a goal beyond the resolution of Palaeolithic archaeology (e.g. Clark 1992). More importantly, it can be shown that archaeologists still lack a solid methodological framework that allows theoretical assumptions to be tested and the social aspect of material culture to be fully interpret beyond ‘naïve reconstructionism’ (Hopkinson & White 2005). This paper aims to discuss the extent to which the ‘bottom-up’ approach can be sustained. Focusing on the Lower Palaeolithic and using an experimental assemblage of the most prolific data set available – stone tools – coupled with the chaîne operatoire approach to lithic refitting, it seeks to demonstrate whether individual knappers can be traced through the idiosyncratic signatures they leave in the knapping sequence that they produce.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1afbba4a814492956d2c09dc3867ad2e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":2066843,"asset_id":261176,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2066843/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="261176"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="261176"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 261176; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=261176]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=261176]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 261176; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='261176']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1afbba4a814492956d2c09dc3867ad2e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=261176]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":261176,"title":"Investigating the Individual: An Experimental Approach through Lithic Refitting","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/261176/Investigating_the_Individual_An_Experimental_Approach_through_Lithic_Refitting","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[{"id":2066843,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/2066843/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Foulds_2010.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2066843/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Investigating_the_Individual_An_Experime.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/2066843/Foulds_2010-libre.pdf?1390825178=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInvestigating_the_Individual_An_Experime.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816928\u0026Signature=fXqYkjveyTUw7vfc~AjrMIgMbDdunmye6ZUTSjyyjVlpcfw2gO1iLCh95-U80YfY7LogFVjplkyQAJp9ebuYnKvmMHTABQhks~aJGhbeUZ6vbH1uJWuetYAbvDF7VMcHfUvdpVPjeht4QnqBL~jW~mUXfIJdCKw4KSTzzUwT0e0DHUY02pnvXA~uI3nmnL28PtuVqTBGbG534FDWtXniezWaYcPareT8ojxCQ~F~rNBEHpnz7uwcjbUny0yNtvCTZdJOKz~76JqwDhJvz339ihpm7KoCtGyuVHhhCEfhPZZCYDwnzcTO4io5zpdpVPXSZrNiYJrhUkcmBOOtu2J8rQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Frederick W . F . Foulds</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38598892"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38598892/Death_Burial_and_Identity_3_000_Years_of_Death_in_the_Vale_of_Mowbray"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Death, Burial and Identity: 3,000 Years of Death in the Vale of Mowbray" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58712569/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38598892/Death_Burial_and_Identity_3_000_Years_of_Death_in_the_Vale_of_Mowbray">Death, Burial and Identity: 3,000 Years of Death in the Vale of Mowbray</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Over 300 human burials were discovered during a major programme of archaeological investigation u...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Over 300 human burials were discovered during a major programme of archaeological investigation undertaken as an integral part of the construction scheme to widen the A1 trunk road between Leeming and Barton in North Yorkshire. The evidence recovered dates between the Bronze Age and Anglo-Saxon periods, presenting evidence for 3000 years of death, burial and identity within the Vale of Mowbray.<br /><br />This monograph presents the results and discussion of the excavations and analysis of the artefactual, environmental and human remains from across 14 different sites along the A1 scheme. The volume divides the discussion of the burials according to site, including prehistoric burials from across the scheme, the large Roman cemetery at Bainesse, burial within the town of Cataractonium, and those at other sites, such as Scotch Corner and Scurragh House. These sections are accompanied by detailed grave catalogues and plans. A comprehensive synthesis of the pottery, small finds and environmental data is also included, and the volume concludes by providing a synthesis of the evidence in terms of what it can reveal about the identities of the people who were buried in this area over such a long a period of time.<br /><br />The volume is accompanied by a series of appendices that provided all of the raw data behind the monograph with the aim that this can be queried for future research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="575e7d78bc6c7adc056e2bb531785fd8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58712569,"asset_id":38598892,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58712569/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38598892"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38598892"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38598892; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38598892]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38598892]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38598892; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38598892']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "575e7d78bc6c7adc056e2bb531785fd8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38598892]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38598892,"title":"Death, Burial and Identity: 3,000 Years of Death in the Vale of Mowbray","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38598892/Death_Burial_and_Identity_3_000_Years_of_Death_in_the_Vale_of_Mowbray","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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F . Foulds</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tamu.academia.edu/AngelaPerri">Angela Perri</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/HelenDrinkall">Helen Drinkall</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/JWalker">James Walker</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"In recent years research in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic worldwide has been breaking boundari...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"In recent years research in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic worldwide has been breaking boundaries, such as pushing back the earliest dates for the human occupation of Britain, the identification of a new species of hominin, cracking the Neanderthal genome and the discovery of the UK’s earliest Mesolithic house. This volume, which is the culmination of a highly successful two-day conference, aims to celebrate this trend with papers from both postgraduates and established academics, presenting new research from a variety of geographical and methodological perspectives. <br /> <br />The Where the Wild Things Are conference, which was held at Durham University on 24-25 March 2012, attracted some 128 delegates from some eighteen countries and allowed a wide range of researchers within the fields of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology to present over fifty papers that demonstrated the breadth of new and innovative advances in the analysis and understanding of these periods. The mixture of contributors from a diverse range of backgrounds allowed for a greater degree of interdisciplinary discourse that is not often seen at similar conferences, where the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic are generally split apart. <br /> <br />The papers that have been proposed for this volume bring the ideas and interpretations set forth at the Wild Things conference to the wider archaeological audience. Collecting contributions from archaeologists conducting research within the British Isles, France, Portugal, Denmark, Russia, the Levant and Europe as a whole, this volume aims to present a cross-section of the exciting range of research currently being conducted to improve our understanding of the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. By combining papers that discuss these two periods together, it is hoped that further dialogue between practitioners of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic research can be encouraged. "</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2362383"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2362383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2362383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362383]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2362383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2362383']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2362383]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2362383,"title":"Wild Things: recent advances in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic research","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2362383/Wild_Things_recent_advances_in_Palaeolithic_and_Mesolithic_research","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="384766"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/384766/Experimental_Archaeology_and_Theory_recent_approaches_to_testing_archaeological_hypotheses"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Archaeology and Theory: recent approaches to testing archaeological hypotheses" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/384766/Experimental_Archaeology_and_Theory_recent_approaches_to_testing_archaeological_hypotheses">Experimental Archaeology and Theory: recent approaches to testing archaeological hypotheses</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This short collection of papers reflects the continued diversity of work that experimental archae...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This short collection of papers reflects the continued diversity of work that experimental archaeology is able to produce and demonstrate how experimentation can be integrated with theory to substantiate a variety of hypotheses, whether validating information gathered from classical sources or testing the inferences of more recent theoretical ideology. Experimentation should be viewed as a method of interlinking objective and humanistic approaches to understanding the material record by allowing researchers to explore the myriad hypotheses that are continually developed and expanded upon during the practising of the archaeological discipline. Showing how techniques from varied schools of thought can be combined, this volume aims to set a new precedent for the role of experimentation in the future of archaeology.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="384766"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="384766"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 384766; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=384766]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=384766]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 384766; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='384766']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=384766]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":384766,"title":"Experimental Archaeology and Theory: recent approaches to testing archaeological hypotheses","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/384766/Experimental_Archaeology_and_Theory_recent_approaches_to_testing_archaeological_hypotheses","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Conference Papers" id="Conference Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Conference Papers by Frederick W . F . Foulds</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12028291"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/12028291/The_Palaeolithic_Occupation_of_the_Southern_Red_Sea_Coastline_Southwestern_Saudi_Arabia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Palaeolithic Occupation of the Southern Red Sea Coastline, Southwestern Saudi Arabia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/12028291/The_Palaeolithic_Occupation_of_the_Southern_Red_Sea_Coastline_Southwestern_Saudi_Arabia">The Palaeolithic Occupation of the Southern Red Sea Coastline, Southwestern Saudi Arabia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds">Frederick W . F . Foulds</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://king-saud.academia.edu/AAlsharekh">Abdullah M Alsharekh</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Palaeolithic Occupation of the Southern Red Sea Coastline, Southwestern Saudi Arabia</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12028291"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12028291"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12028291; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12028291]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12028291]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12028291; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12028291']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12028291]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12028291,"title":"The Palaeolithic Occupation of the Southern Red Sea Coastline, Southwestern Saudi Arabia","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12028291/The_Palaeolithic_Occupation_of_the_Southern_Red_Sea_Coastline_Southwestern_Saudi_Arabia","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11337688"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11337688/Getting_it_right_experimental_assemblage_accuracy_in_the_analysis_of_Palaeolithic_technologies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Getting it right: experimental assemblage accuracy in the analysis of Palaeolithic technologies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37154161/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11337688/Getting_it_right_experimental_assemblage_accuracy_in_the_analysis_of_Palaeolithic_technologies">Getting it right: experimental assemblage accuracy in the analysis of Palaeolithic technologies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The pre-sapiens problem presents us with a commonly acknowledged issue in experimental analyses, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The pre-sapiens problem presents us with a commonly acknowledged issue in experimental analyses, namely how to account for the disparity between archaic hominins and ourselves when recreating Palaeolithic technologies. Most often, this is overtly linked to cognitive differences when attempting to understand how hominins must have conceived the tools they wished to produce and mentally adapted their reduction strategies to extraneous factors, including raw material variability, mistakes, and social conditions. However, while these issues often sit at the forefront of our minds, we must strive not to forget other important features within the archaeological record and hominin behavioural processes, such as raw material acquisition and assemblage variability. These additional factors must be taken into account to better inform our experiments and produce a more holistic experimental process. <br />This paper will discuss issues in producing experimental assemblages that aim to accurately parallel the archaeological record. Employing evidence from the author’s own experiments, it presents data from the analysis of replica Acheulian handaxes that were used in comparison to three British Lower Palaeolithic assemblages while exploring idiosyncratic behaviour in tool manufacture. This will be used as an example to demonstrate how assemblage variability affects experimental results and how factors, such as raw material acquisition and quality, must be given attention when developing experimental assemblages for analysis. It will also show that all is not necessarily lost where inaccuracies are present and that these can still reveal important insights when they are compared to the archaeological record.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8374e365553864712e7f6eef938ac2c1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37154161,"asset_id":11337688,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37154161/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11337688"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11337688"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11337688; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11337688]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11337688]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11337688; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11337688']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8374e365553864712e7f6eef938ac2c1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11337688]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11337688,"title":"Getting it right: experimental assemblage accuracy in the analysis of Palaeolithic technologies","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11337688/Getting_it_right_experimental_assemblage_accuracy_in_the_analysis_of_Palaeolithic_technologies","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[{"id":37154161,"title":"","file_type":"pptx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37154161/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Foulds_-_Getting_it_Right.pptx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37154161/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Getting_it_right_experimental_assemblage.pptx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37154161/Foulds_-_Getting_it_Right.pptx?1738149519=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGetting_it_right_experimental_assemblage.pptx\u0026Expires=1739816928\u0026Signature=aysWaXB-B2DQ~II0uJi6TAo9aO-qF-vitGKchBnbdrgsquFIcWhTyY1QHHrrOCzVuh4MwqmP9Nie7f8rZb4bpeIt2UDxo5ckCxUFgC3cBnZSOpMxW00rUmwv9e7RwWV3r9Slvwaf43iTrAYYiEoAadB7H-gbkJJ4I8wY5hHHwyeMNC~h8oZlIUKiD5LSAYQzRICDdJqQq8KYkpBsl4RvnP4DV02IvU5rsroJUPhpvnMLRg3qBWzAZiZaoJkdODLTeR5YZ5BmBA8wm-m~mM50VvTfWAreGy5xXGeE6xgUtJzcq8HiXi1G1hKGLbV-Aj8CBCxZxfOFZMs86b73se2oJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5679651"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5679651/Music_with_Rocks_in_Investigating_causes_of_battering_on_Acheulean_handaxes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Music with Rocks in? Investigating causes of battering on Acheulean handaxes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32968709/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5679651/Music_with_Rocks_in_Investigating_causes_of_battering_on_Acheulean_handaxes">Music with Rocks in? Investigating causes of battering on Acheulean handaxes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Evidence of percussion damage, realised as incipient Hertzian cones on the faces of Acheulean han...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Evidence of percussion damage, realised as incipient Hertzian cones on the faces of Acheulean handaxes, has been noted at several different British Lower Palaeolithic sites, including Swanscombe, Caddington, Hoxne, and South Woodford. Such damage is often interpreted as the result of battering during marrow processing. However, this may not be the case. Experiments in processing limb bones from bovids presented in this paper indicate that battering with handaxes is insufficient to recreate this damage, as well as being somewhat unsuccessful at accessing marrow. As a result, we examine alternative methods of replicating battering damage by investigating other percussion-based activities that may have occurred in the Lower Palaeolithic. Our experiments indicate that the patterns seen in the archaeological record are only produced via percussion against stone or other equally hard mediums. Such acts may be related to forms of display. Given the association of handaxes to butchery tasks and carcass processing one particular avenue, that of noise production in the mediation of predator/scavenger risk., is explored further as a possible cause of this unique phenomenon.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2b3b8e2882b15e4093d63d0ab3889b8c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32968709,"asset_id":5679651,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32968709/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5679651"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5679651"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5679651; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5679651]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5679651]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5679651; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5679651']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2b3b8e2882b15e4093d63d0ab3889b8c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5679651]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5679651,"title":"Music with Rocks in? Investigating causes of battering on Acheulean handaxes","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5679651/Music_with_Rocks_in_Investigating_causes_of_battering_on_Acheulean_handaxes","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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As a result, a “bottom up” approach to interpreting the material record appeared, which emphasises the individual as the appropriate analytical unit. However, this approach often reduces discussion to “theoretical storytelling”, with no suitable methodology in place to enable such hypotheses to be tested. <br /> <br />This paper presents results from a three-year project that aims to investigate whether the individual is a viable unit of analysis. Using a series of innovative techniques, the possibilities of tracing individual knappers through lithic reduction and final tool form were explored. The results of this study indicate that a suite of factors mask any traits that could be linked to knapping idiosyncrasies. The implications of this brings into question our ability to produce meaningful dialogues regarding the study of individuals and emphasises that theoretical explanations continue to represent ideas and interpretations limited only by our imaginative potential."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1718909"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1718909"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1718909; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1718909]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1718909]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1718909; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1718909']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1718909]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1718909,"title":"Imperceptible Individuals: issues in the application of social theory to Palaeolithic contexts","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1718909/Imperceptible_Individuals_issues_in_the_application_of_social_theory_to_Palaeolithic_contexts","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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The prehistoric activity across the scheme will be discussed in a separate publication. The data that supports the discussion presented here is available via the Archaeology Data Service.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b2252b602d8476c4c13e3ff1a7389062" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58712575,"asset_id":38598799,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58712575/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38598799"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38598799"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38598799; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38598799]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38598799]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38598799; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38598799']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b2252b602d8476c4c13e3ff1a7389062" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38598799]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38598799,"title":"Lithics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38598799/Lithics","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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Here the authors show that high levels of symmetry occur in the British Late Middle Pleistocene Acheulean, which they consider to be a deliberate, socially mediated act. Furthermore, they argue that lithic technology in general, and handaxes in particular, were part of a pleasure-reward system linked to dopamine-releasing neurons in the brain. Making handaxes made Acheulean hominins happy, and one particularly pleasing property was symmetry.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36876814"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36876814"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36876814; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36876814]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36876814]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36876814; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36876814']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36876814]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36876814,"title":"Symmetry is its own reward: on the character and significance of Acheulean handaxe symmetry in the Middle Pleistocene","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36876814/Symmetry_is_its_own_reward_on_the_character_and_significance_of_Acheulean_handaxe_symmetry_in_the_Middle_Pleistocene","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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F . Foulds</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://king-saud.academia.edu/AAlsharekh">Abdullah M Alsharekh</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Geological Setting, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Red Sea</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36209868"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36209868"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36209868; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36209868]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36209868]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36209868; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36209868']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36209868]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36209868,"title":"Landscape Archaeology, Palaeolithic Survey and Coastal Change along the Southern Red Sea of Saudi Arabia","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36209868/Landscape_Archaeology_Palaeolithic_Survey_and_Coastal_Change_along_the_Southern_Red_Sea_of_Saudi_Arabia","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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F . Foulds</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://naa-co-uk.academia.edu/GavRobinson">Gav Robinson</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lithics: the journal of the Lithic Studies Society</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Archaeological monitoring, undertaken as part of the upgrading of access tracks on Barningham Moo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Archaeological monitoring, undertaken as part of the upgrading of access tracks on Barningham Moor, identified a concentration of lithics within a thin palaeosol close to the scheduled Badger Way Stoop cairnfield. Due to the extent of this soil remnant, and its association with the cairnfield, which lies immediately to the south, 11 1 m by 1 m test-pits were hand-excavated along the development route to obtain a sample of the artefacts. Twenty-three lithic artefacts were recovered, five of which could be assigned to the Late Mesolithic or Early Neolithic periods. As a result, the assemblage predates the presumed age of the cairnfield, which is suggested to date to the Bronze Age, suggesting that the area may have been a focus for an extended period of prehistoric activity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="33b9ddca9d3f6d917585dc3e4cdee2da" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56111374,"asset_id":36209840,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56111374/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36209840"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36209840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36209840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36209840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36209840]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36209840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36209840']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "33b9ddca9d3f6d917585dc3e4cdee2da" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36209840]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36209840,"title":"A LATE MESOLITHIC OR EARLY NEOLITHIC FINDSPOT ON BARNINGHAM MOOR, COUNTY DURHAM, UK","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36209840/A_LATE_MESOLITHIC_OR_EARLY_NEOLITHIC_FINDSPOT_ON_BARNINGHAM_MOOR_COUNTY_DURHAM_UK","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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The DISPERSE Project has focused on south-western Arabia as a possible centre of hominin settlement and a primary stepping-stone for such dispersals. This work has led to the recent discovery, at Wadi Dabsa, of an exceptional assemblage of over 1000 lithic artefacts, including the first known giant handaxe from the Arabian Peninsula. The site and its associated artefacts provide important new evidence for hominin dispersals out of Africa, and give further insight into the giant handaxe phenomenon present within the Acheulean stone tool industry.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35629409"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35629409"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35629409; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35629409]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35629409]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35629409; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35629409']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35629409]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35629409,"title":"A large handaxe from Wadi Dabsa and early hominin adaptations within the Arabian Peninsula","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35629409/A_large_handaxe_from_Wadi_Dabsa_and_early_hominin_adaptations_within_the_Arabian_Peninsula","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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F . Foulds</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://salford.academia.edu/BrunoFazenda">Bruno Fazenda</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unican.academia.edu/ROBERTOONTA%C3%91%C3%93N">ROBERTO ONTAÑÓN</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">During the 1980 s, acoustic studies of Upper Palaeolithic imagery in French caves—using the techn...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">During the 1980 s, acoustic studies of Upper Palaeolithic imagery in French caves—using the technology then available—suggested a relationship between acoustic response and the location of visual motifs. This paper presents an investigation, using modern acoustic measurement techniques, into such relationships within the caves of La Garma, Las Chimeneas, La Pasiega, El Castillo, and Tito Bustillo in Northern Spain. It addresses methodological issues concerning acoustic measurement at enclosed archaeological sites and outlines a general framework for extraction of acoustic features that may be used to support archaeological hypotheses. The analysis explores possible associations between the position of visual motifs (which may be up to 40 000 yrs old) and localized acoustic responses. Results suggest that motifs, in general, and lines and dots, in particular, are statistically more likely to be found in places where reverberation is moderate and where the low frequency acoustic response has evidence of resonant behavior. The work presented suggests that an association of the location of Palaeolithic motifs with acoustic features is a statistically weak but tenable hypothesis, and that an appreciation of sound could have influenced behavior among Palaeolithic societies of this region.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ec4dc9258400461ec04ca108f4b9ea9b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54465335,"asset_id":34552095,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54465335/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34552095"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34552095"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34552095; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34541468"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34541468/Cave_acoustics_in_prehistory_Exploring_the_association_of_Palaeolithic_visual_motifs_and_acoustic_response"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cave acoustics in prehistory: Exploring the association of Palaeolithic visual motifs and acoustic response" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54432021/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34541468/Cave_acoustics_in_prehistory_Exploring_the_association_of_Palaeolithic_visual_motifs_and_acoustic_response">Cave acoustics in prehistory: Exploring the association of Palaeolithic visual motifs and acoustic response</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hud.academia.edu/RupertTill">Rupert Till</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/ChrisScarre">Chris Scarre</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uva-es.academia.edu/RaquelJim%C3%A9nezPasalodos">Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ceturiasonenses.academia.edu/CarlosGarciaBenito">Carlos García Benito</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unican.academia.edu/ROBERTOONTA%C3%91%C3%93N">ROBERTO ONTAÑÓN</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WyattSimon">Simon Wyatt</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/HelenDrinkall">Helen Drinkall</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds">Frederick W . F . Foulds</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uva-es.academia.edu/ManoloRojoGuerra">Manolo Rojo Guerra</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">During the 1980 s, acoustic studies of Upper Palaeolithic imagery in French caves—using the techn...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">During the 1980 s, acoustic studies of Upper Palaeolithic imagery in French caves—using the technology then available—suggested a relationship between acoustic response and the location of visual motifs. This paper presents an investigation, using modern acoustic measurement techniques, into such relationships within the caves of La Garma, Las Chimeneas, La Pasiega, El Castillo, and Tito Bustillo in Northern Spain. It addresses methodological issues concerning acoustic measurement at enclosed archaeological sites and outlines a general framework for extraction of acoustic features that may be used to support archaeological hypotheses. The analysis explores possible associations between the position of visual motifs (which may be up to 40 000 yrs old) and localized acoustic responses. Results suggest that motifs, in general, and lines and dots, in particular, are statistically more likely to be found in places where reverberation is moderate and where the low frequency acoustic response has evidence of resonant behavior. The work presented suggests that an association of the location of Palaeolithic motifs with acoustic features is a statistically weak but tenable hypothesis, and that an appreciation of sound could have influenced behavior among Palaeolithic societies of this region.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4886dcd15e4373046a17948435031126" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54432021,"asset_id":34541468,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54432021/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34541468"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34541468"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34541468; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31121444"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31121444/EXPLORING_LATE_NEANDERTHAL_LOCALES_PRELIMINARY_REANALYSES_OF_MIDDLE_PALAEOLITHIC_ASSEMBLAGES_FROM_THE_AXE_VALLEY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of EXPLORING LATE NEANDERTHAL LOCALES: PRELIMINARY REANALYSES OF MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE AXE VALLEY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51556825/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31121444/EXPLORING_LATE_NEANDERTHAL_LOCALES_PRELIMINARY_REANALYSES_OF_MIDDLE_PALAEOLITHIC_ASSEMBLAGES_FROM_THE_AXE_VALLEY">EXPLORING LATE NEANDERTHAL LOCALES: PRELIMINARY REANALYSES OF MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE AXE VALLEY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lithics: the journal of the Lithic Studies Society</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">“Recently, White & Pettitt (2011) put forward the concept of Local Operational Areas (LOAs) for s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">“Recently, White & Pettitt (2011) put forward the concept of Local Operational Areas (LOAs) for several regions in late Middle Palaeolithic Britain. They suggested that local clusters of sites and findspots represent regional areas in which Neanderthals operated, possibly in conjunction with seasonal occupations. They also noted that British Neanderthal raw-material acquisition occurred over a local scale, with flint generally acquired within 5 km of findspots and never further than ~30–40 km, consistent with Geneste’s (1985; 1989) local and regional scales of raw- material transfer, indicating a potential constraint on landscape use. Furthermore, they posit whether LOAs were part of a wider network of Neanderthal occupation and relocation throughout Britain. . . .”</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cf133d86c564d434d092e7f8bd3dd241" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51556825,"asset_id":31121444,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51556825/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31121444"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31121444"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31121444; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31121444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31121444]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31121444; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31121444']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cf133d86c564d434d092e7f8bd3dd241" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31121444]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31121444,"title":"EXPLORING LATE NEANDERTHAL LOCALES: PRELIMINARY REANALYSES OF MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE AXE VALLEY","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31121444/EXPLORING_LATE_NEANDERTHAL_LOCALES_PRELIMINARY_REANALYSES_OF_MIDDLE_PALAEOLITHIC_ASSEMBLAGES_FROM_THE_AXE_VALLEY","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[{"id":51556825,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51556825/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"697-766-1-PB.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51556825/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"EXPLORING_LATE_NEANDERTHAL_LOCALES_PRELI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51556825/697-766-1-PB-libre.pdf?1485799344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEXPLORING_LATE_NEANDERTHAL_LOCALES_PRELI.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816928\u0026Signature=azJ9qixzne9LjtI3lYgx9eWJeaojg2ODEUE5dlq5vGBERAyZJzlJr36eH5lbx6qTvTNt2lrPwHwCHJnu8qVur5SY6hSKgqGKf9a3ryZLgxNKiHlGAVYa1Y5pwTClNgc3hbkWHvA8hu3n3j~he1jvCtiwpRCjf0KVGu6NhOpNxzIngifK8136DqSkwytEGvp7DCWt8c8rgGUHR~LTE3D~~H18xi1R8V--jTs8gBFHgY4XaJN62IOTbw1PA61G4yM7Thrwl-ozHyJAsDBRHDNVRUGzc72U2Ij2XQh3zRJAJQ8iDx78YByR8s0lKf3r~F-eT9ZxrAJUfQG9yFioZhgUKA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2362393"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2362393/Invisible_Individuals_Visible_Groups_on_the_evidence_for_individuals_and_groups_at_the_Lower_Palaeolithic_site_of_Caddington_Bedfordshire_UK"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Invisible Individuals, Visible Groups: on the evidence for individuals and groups at the Lower Palaeolithic site of Caddington, Bedfordshire, UK" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34311130/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2362393/Invisible_Individuals_Visible_Groups_on_the_evidence_for_individuals_and_groups_at_the_Lower_Palaeolithic_site_of_Caddington_Bedfordshire_UK">Invisible Individuals, Visible Groups: on the evidence for individuals and groups at the Lower Palaeolithic site of Caddington, Bedfordshire, UK</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Wild Things: recent advances in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic research</span><span>, Dec 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An emphasis on socially orientated approaches to studying the Palaeolithic has become commonplace...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An emphasis on socially orientated approaches to studying the Palaeolithic has become commonplace in current research. As a result, a “bottom up” approach to interpreting the material record has developed, which emphasises the individual as the appropriate analytical unit. However, this approach often reduces discussion to “theoretical storytelling”, and there is currently no suitable methodology in place to enable the hypotheses brought about by such discourse to be adequately tested. This paper presents research designed to investigate whether the individual is truly a viable unit of analysis within the Lower Palaeolithic. Using an innovative form of analysis centred around the study of flake scar patterning on Acheulean handaxes, the possibilities of tracing individual knappers through the Lower Palaeolithic tools from the site of Caddington are explored. The results indicate that a suite of factors collaborate to continually redefine lithic reduction, resulting in any idiosyncrasies present being subsumed within a flexible approach to the knapping of stone tools. However, the possibilities of variable group traditions are detected. The implications of this bring into question our ability to produce meaningful dialogues regarding the study of individuals and emphasises that we still do not fully understand how groups influenced Palaeolithic society.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9b4e9750098e47def5737b3ad1f31534" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34311130,"asset_id":2362393,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34311130/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2362393"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2362393"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2362393; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362393]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362393]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2362393; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2362393']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9b4e9750098e47def5737b3ad1f31534" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2362393]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2362393,"title":"Invisible Individuals, Visible Groups: on the evidence for individuals and groups at the Lower Palaeolithic site of Caddington, Bedfordshire, UK","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"An emphasis on socially orientated approaches to studying the Palaeolithic has become commonplace in current research. 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However, the possibilities of variable group traditions are detected. The implications of this bring into question our ability to produce meaningful dialogues regarding the study of individuals and emphasises that we still do not fully understand how groups influenced Palaeolithic society.","owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="261177"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/261177/The_Enigmatic_Handaxe_In_Search_of_Idiosyncrasies_in_Bifacial_Technology_through_Three_Dimensional_Form"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Enigmatic Handaxe: In Search of Idiosyncrasies in Bifacial Technology through Three-Dimensional Form" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/261177/The_Enigmatic_Handaxe_In_Search_of_Idiosyncrasies_in_Bifacial_Technology_through_Three_Dimensional_Form">The Enigmatic Handaxe: In Search of Idiosyncrasies in Bifacial Technology through Three-Dimensional Form</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Experimental Archaeology and Theory: Recent Approches to Archaeological Hypotheses </span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Palaeolithic archaeology has experienced a dramatic shift from processual to post-processual theo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Palaeolithic archaeology has experienced a dramatic shift from processual to post-processual theory in recent years.  As a result we have begun to adjust our focus from interpreting the roles of groups of hominids to investigating the way in which ‘individual’ hominins had an impact on their societies. While some argue for a ‘bottom-up’ approach to the study of the Palaeolithic (Gamble & Gittens, 2004), others are of the opinion that the study of ‘individual’ hominins is a goal beyond the resolution of the Palaeolithic archaeological record (e.g. Clark, 1992).  Perhaps more problematic is the current lack of a methodological framework that allows us to test our theoretical assumptions and interpret the social aspect of material culture beyond mere ‘naïve reconstructionism’ (Hopkinson & White 2005). With lithic assemblages being our most celebrated source of evidence for Palaeolithic societies, this paper presents the results from a new and innovative experiment that seeks to show whether these artefacts can be attributed to the individuals who made them.  Using three-dimensional reconstruction of tool forms and a reflexive method of interpreting the data, this attempts to test the validity of the ‘bottom-up’ approach in a step towards new analytical techniques that may ask, and answer, new questions of Palaeolithic material culture.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="261177"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="261177"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 261177; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=261177]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=261177]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 261177; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='261177']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=261177]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":261177,"title":"The Enigmatic Handaxe: In Search of Idiosyncrasies in Bifacial Technology through Three-Dimensional Form","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/261177/The_Enigmatic_Handaxe_In_Search_of_Idiosyncrasies_in_Bifacial_Technology_through_Three_Dimensional_Form","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6019641"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/6019641/Introduction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Introduction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/6019641/Introduction">Introduction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Experimental Archaeology and Theory: Recent approaches to archaeological hypotheses</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6019641"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6019641"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6019641; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6019641]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6019641]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6019641; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6019641']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6019641]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6019641,"title":"Introduction","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6019641/Introduction","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="261176"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/261176/Investigating_the_Individual_An_Experimental_Approach_through_Lithic_Refitting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Investigating the Individual: An Experimental Approach through Lithic Refitting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/2066843/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/261176/Investigating_the_Individual_An_Experimental_Approach_through_Lithic_Refitting">Investigating the Individual: An Experimental Approach through Lithic Refitting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent years have seen a dramatic shift from processual to post-processual theory in Palaeolithic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent years have seen a dramatic shift from processual to post-processual theory in Palaeolithic archaeology. As a result, the interpretive focus of archaeological investigations into the material record has begun to shift from the actions of hominid groups to the ways in which individual hominins influenced society. While some maintain that this ‘bottom-up’ approach is the analytical ideal (Gamble & Gittins 2004), others have suggested that the study of individuals is a goal beyond the resolution of Palaeolithic archaeology (e.g. Clark 1992). More importantly, it can be shown that archaeologists still lack a solid methodological framework that allows theoretical assumptions to be tested and the social aspect of material culture to be fully interpret beyond ‘naïve reconstructionism’ (Hopkinson & White 2005). This paper aims to discuss the extent to which the ‘bottom-up’ approach can be sustained. Focusing on the Lower Palaeolithic and using an experimental assemblage of the most prolific data set available – stone tools – coupled with the chaîne operatoire approach to lithic refitting, it seeks to demonstrate whether individual knappers can be traced through the idiosyncratic signatures they leave in the knapping sequence that they produce.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1afbba4a814492956d2c09dc3867ad2e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":2066843,"asset_id":261176,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2066843/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="261176"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="261176"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 261176; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=261176]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=261176]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 261176; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='261176']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1afbba4a814492956d2c09dc3867ad2e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=261176]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":261176,"title":"Investigating the Individual: An Experimental Approach through Lithic Refitting","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/261176/Investigating_the_Individual_An_Experimental_Approach_through_Lithic_Refitting","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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The evidence recovered dates between the Bronze Age and Anglo-Saxon periods, presenting evidence for 3000 years of death, burial and identity within the Vale of Mowbray.<br /><br />This monograph presents the results and discussion of the excavations and analysis of the artefactual, environmental and human remains from across 14 different sites along the A1 scheme. The volume divides the discussion of the burials according to site, including prehistoric burials from across the scheme, the large Roman cemetery at Bainesse, burial within the town of Cataractonium, and those at other sites, such as Scotch Corner and Scurragh House. These sections are accompanied by detailed grave catalogues and plans. A comprehensive synthesis of the pottery, small finds and environmental data is also included, and the volume concludes by providing a synthesis of the evidence in terms of what it can reveal about the identities of the people who were buried in this area over such a long a period of time.<br /><br />The volume is accompanied by a series of appendices that provided all of the raw data behind the monograph with the aim that this can be queried for future research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="575e7d78bc6c7adc056e2bb531785fd8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58712569,"asset_id":38598892,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58712569/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38598892"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38598892"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38598892; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38598892]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38598892]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38598892; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38598892']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "575e7d78bc6c7adc056e2bb531785fd8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38598892]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38598892,"title":"Death, Burial and Identity: 3,000 Years of Death in the Vale of Mowbray","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38598892/Death_Burial_and_Identity_3_000_Years_of_Death_in_the_Vale_of_Mowbray","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . 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F . Foulds</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tamu.academia.edu/AngelaPerri">Angela Perri</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/HelenDrinkall">Helen Drinkall</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/JWalker">James Walker</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"In recent years research in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic worldwide has been breaking boundari...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"In recent years research in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic worldwide has been breaking boundaries, such as pushing back the earliest dates for the human occupation of Britain, the identification of a new species of hominin, cracking the Neanderthal genome and the discovery of the UK’s earliest Mesolithic house. This volume, which is the culmination of a highly successful two-day conference, aims to celebrate this trend with papers from both postgraduates and established academics, presenting new research from a variety of geographical and methodological perspectives. <br /> <br />The Where the Wild Things Are conference, which was held at Durham University on 24-25 March 2012, attracted some 128 delegates from some eighteen countries and allowed a wide range of researchers within the fields of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology to present over fifty papers that demonstrated the breadth of new and innovative advances in the analysis and understanding of these periods. The mixture of contributors from a diverse range of backgrounds allowed for a greater degree of interdisciplinary discourse that is not often seen at similar conferences, where the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic are generally split apart. <br /> <br />The papers that have been proposed for this volume bring the ideas and interpretations set forth at the Wild Things conference to the wider archaeological audience. Collecting contributions from archaeologists conducting research within the British Isles, France, Portugal, Denmark, Russia, the Levant and Europe as a whole, this volume aims to present a cross-section of the exciting range of research currently being conducted to improve our understanding of the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. By combining papers that discuss these two periods together, it is hoped that further dialogue between practitioners of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic research can be encouraged. "</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2362383"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2362383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2362383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362383]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2362383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2362383']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2362383]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2362383,"title":"Wild Things: recent advances in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic research","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2362383/Wild_Things_recent_advances_in_Palaeolithic_and_Mesolithic_research","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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Experimentation should be viewed as a method of interlinking objective and humanistic approaches to understanding the material record by allowing researchers to explore the myriad hypotheses that are continually developed and expanded upon during the practising of the archaeological discipline. Showing how techniques from varied schools of thought can be combined, this volume aims to set a new precedent for the role of experimentation in the future of archaeology.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="384766"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="384766"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 384766; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=384766]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=384766]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 384766; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='384766']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=384766]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":384766,"title":"Experimental Archaeology and Theory: recent approaches to testing archaeological hypotheses","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/384766/Experimental_Archaeology_and_Theory_recent_approaches_to_testing_archaeological_hypotheses","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . 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F . Foulds</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://king-saud.academia.edu/AAlsharekh">Abdullah M Alsharekh</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Palaeolithic Occupation of the Southern Red Sea Coastline, Southwestern Saudi Arabia</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12028291"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12028291"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12028291; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12028291]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12028291]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12028291; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12028291']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12028291]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12028291,"title":"The Palaeolithic Occupation of the Southern Red Sea Coastline, Southwestern Saudi Arabia","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12028291/The_Palaeolithic_Occupation_of_the_Southern_Red_Sea_Coastline_Southwestern_Saudi_Arabia","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11337688"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11337688/Getting_it_right_experimental_assemblage_accuracy_in_the_analysis_of_Palaeolithic_technologies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Getting it right: experimental assemblage accuracy in the analysis of Palaeolithic technologies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37154161/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11337688/Getting_it_right_experimental_assemblage_accuracy_in_the_analysis_of_Palaeolithic_technologies">Getting it right: experimental assemblage accuracy in the analysis of Palaeolithic technologies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The pre-sapiens problem presents us with a commonly acknowledged issue in experimental analyses, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The pre-sapiens problem presents us with a commonly acknowledged issue in experimental analyses, namely how to account for the disparity between archaic hominins and ourselves when recreating Palaeolithic technologies. Most often, this is overtly linked to cognitive differences when attempting to understand how hominins must have conceived the tools they wished to produce and mentally adapted their reduction strategies to extraneous factors, including raw material variability, mistakes, and social conditions. However, while these issues often sit at the forefront of our minds, we must strive not to forget other important features within the archaeological record and hominin behavioural processes, such as raw material acquisition and assemblage variability. These additional factors must be taken into account to better inform our experiments and produce a more holistic experimental process. <br />This paper will discuss issues in producing experimental assemblages that aim to accurately parallel the archaeological record. Employing evidence from the author’s own experiments, it presents data from the analysis of replica Acheulian handaxes that were used in comparison to three British Lower Palaeolithic assemblages while exploring idiosyncratic behaviour in tool manufacture. This will be used as an example to demonstrate how assemblage variability affects experimental results and how factors, such as raw material acquisition and quality, must be given attention when developing experimental assemblages for analysis. It will also show that all is not necessarily lost where inaccuracies are present and that these can still reveal important insights when they are compared to the archaeological record.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8374e365553864712e7f6eef938ac2c1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37154161,"asset_id":11337688,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37154161/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11337688"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11337688"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11337688; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11337688]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11337688]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11337688; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11337688']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8374e365553864712e7f6eef938ac2c1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11337688]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11337688,"title":"Getting it right: experimental assemblage accuracy in the analysis of Palaeolithic technologies","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11337688/Getting_it_right_experimental_assemblage_accuracy_in_the_analysis_of_Palaeolithic_technologies","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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Investigating causes of battering on Acheulean handaxes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32968709/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5679651/Music_with_Rocks_in_Investigating_causes_of_battering_on_Acheulean_handaxes">Music with Rocks in? Investigating causes of battering on Acheulean handaxes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Evidence of percussion damage, realised as incipient Hertzian cones on the faces of Acheulean han...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Evidence of percussion damage, realised as incipient Hertzian cones on the faces of Acheulean handaxes, has been noted at several different British Lower Palaeolithic sites, including Swanscombe, Caddington, Hoxne, and South Woodford. Such damage is often interpreted as the result of battering during marrow processing. However, this may not be the case. Experiments in processing limb bones from bovids presented in this paper indicate that battering with handaxes is insufficient to recreate this damage, as well as being somewhat unsuccessful at accessing marrow. As a result, we examine alternative methods of replicating battering damage by investigating other percussion-based activities that may have occurred in the Lower Palaeolithic. Our experiments indicate that the patterns seen in the archaeological record are only produced via percussion against stone or other equally hard mediums. Such acts may be related to forms of display. Given the association of handaxes to butchery tasks and carcass processing one particular avenue, that of noise production in the mediation of predator/scavenger risk., is explored further as a possible cause of this unique phenomenon.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2b3b8e2882b15e4093d63d0ab3889b8c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32968709,"asset_id":5679651,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32968709/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5679651"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5679651"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5679651; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5679651]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5679651]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5679651; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5679651']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2b3b8e2882b15e4093d63d0ab3889b8c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5679651]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5679651,"title":"Music with Rocks in? Investigating causes of battering on Acheulean handaxes","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5679651/Music_with_Rocks_in_Investigating_causes_of_battering_on_Acheulean_handaxes","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[{"id":32968709,"title":"","file_type":"pptx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32968709/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Music_with_Rocks_in.pptx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32968709/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Music_with_Rocks_in_Investigating_causes.pptx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32968709/Music_with_Rocks_in.pptx?1738107676=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMusic_with_Rocks_in_Investigating_causes.pptx\u0026Expires=1739816928\u0026Signature=cFZgsoBcqz8ClZCGZjTMv2U~bCkcG3K94-JiWjvwktv5q3XPkV7HYW3fTOjJ2Lf6N2tcn4Cqe0ze1pB4ZUWW6LD2bNZ1qy7SwKMM4Cv-Qk9ubX44Wm8siNTuAnpG6Jz~luRaUctiKGHJciUxKGSjP1cdtqABSNefD3XXdAc5Bv8Lh4mWwST0PhpkvGkLu3-pox2UDguPoL3GADIFzasrvKT~O~OrmOgEx2tmSeD5t4sFAAeFhX9znAkQPgTlFMov7p5SEgtvhKxbM0VF8E6hZ5q1aLklkpbT1HrHcR0WTynBMBolRLOWFL9d~3djJ4OwRPdnLI-Quj8OQCe-Jii2Bg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1718909"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/1718909/Imperceptible_Individuals_issues_in_the_application_of_social_theory_to_Palaeolithic_contexts"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Imperceptible Individuals: issues in the application of social theory to Palaeolithic contexts" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/1718909/Imperceptible_Individuals_issues_in_the_application_of_social_theory_to_Palaeolithic_contexts">Imperceptible Individuals: issues in the application of social theory to Palaeolithic contexts</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"An emphasis on socially orientated approaches to studying the Palaeolithic has become commonplac...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"An emphasis on socially orientated approaches to studying the Palaeolithic has become commonplace in current research. As a result, a “bottom up” approach to interpreting the material record appeared, which emphasises the individual as the appropriate analytical unit. However, this approach often reduces discussion to “theoretical storytelling”, with no suitable methodology in place to enable such hypotheses to be tested. <br /> <br />This paper presents results from a three-year project that aims to investigate whether the individual is a viable unit of analysis. Using a series of innovative techniques, the possibilities of tracing individual knappers through lithic reduction and final tool form were explored. The results of this study indicate that a suite of factors mask any traits that could be linked to knapping idiosyncrasies. The implications of this brings into question our ability to produce meaningful dialogues regarding the study of individuals and emphasises that theoretical explanations continue to represent ideas and interpretations limited only by our imaginative potential."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1718909"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1718909"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1718909; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1718909]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1718909]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1718909; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1718909']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1718909]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1718909,"title":"Imperceptible Individuals: issues in the application of social theory to Palaeolithic contexts","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1718909/Imperceptible_Individuals_issues_in_the_application_of_social_theory_to_Palaeolithic_contexts","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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While some argue for a ‘bottom-up’ approach to the study of the Palaeolithic (Gamble & Gittens, 2004), others are of the opinion that the study of ‘individual’ hominins is a goal beyond the resolution of the Palaeolithic archaeological record (e.g. Clark, 1992).  In addition, we still lack a methodological framework that allows us to test our theories and fully interpret the social aspect of material culture beyond ‘naïve reconstructionism’ (Hopkinson & White 2005). The lithic assemblages recovered from archaeological sites are our most celebrated source of evidence for Palaeolithic societies and the ‘individuals’ that make them up.  Thus, the question that remains is “how does one unchain the ‘individual’ from the handaxe”?<br /><br />This paper aims to present the results from the formulation of a methodology that seeks to show whether handaxes can be attributed to ‘individual’ hominins. If we are able to traced individuals in the Palaeolithic, this will have a profound effect on the way in which we theorise and interpret society and social networks during this period.  However, if individuals are forever beyond our scope, then we may have to admit that our exploration of the individual can only amount to mere theoretical speculation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a995f5cd3732d36d7e876fbd4f5d9b07" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":615216,"asset_id":1661899,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/615216/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1661899"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1661899"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1661899; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1661899]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1661899]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1661899; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1661899']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a995f5cd3732d36d7e876fbd4f5d9b07" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1661899]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1661899,"title":"The Enigmatic Handaxe: in search of idiosyncrasies in bifacial technology","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1661899/The_Enigmatic_Handaxe_in_search_of_idiosyncrasies_in_bifacial_technology","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . 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F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[{"id":1782002,"title":"","file_type":"ppt","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"Foulds_-_Cambridge_Talk.pptx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1782002/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Palaeolithic_Individual_Fact_or_Fiction.ppt","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/1782002/Foulds_-_Cambridge_Talk.pptx?1737715448=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPalaeolithic_Individual_Fact_or_Fiction.ppt\u0026Expires=1739816928\u0026Signature=VKhhA8-v5KDTf1tVO72M--68z9xKN5I8pyyclI0noZbA0EUlhV2EUA1G7iwHyPTuB8EwQNggrQ2MUHngH8n5j2C3L6kwrx0X1C3l7f27PAPlM8z1EHChTV7BlgtJHWjka1trMncH-MJViprIJJo-rwueBX8Tw~52fAmiJthVKsDzza5HaolDxIUeCyBI4ZW5vf7PKkIj5GhdHyp9w2ayR8tTBgqFdf~l6HKN27UdFoZAmJ2wQEteP8TXxc0Xs97~aQNFJaHaWRaaCY17LUaEZrIN7F65d~FTwojRILczKpllS53UOKqW5GVdA2Se1Cz2eWUdwCTCLqkKso3wmTsjFQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1661895"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1661895/Unchaining_the_Individual_Attribution_experiments_on_Palaeolithic_handaxes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Unchaining the Individual: Attribution experiments on Palaeolithic handaxes." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1661895/Unchaining_the_Individual_Attribution_experiments_on_Palaeolithic_handaxes">Unchaining the Individual: Attribution experiments on Palaeolithic handaxes.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In recent years, Palaeolithic archaeologists have begun to move from studying their chosen field ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In recent years, Palaeolithic archaeologists have begun to move from studying their chosen field through processual means, to a much more socially orientated approach. Rather than focusing on the behaviour and actions of groups of hominids, we should now aim to analyse the actions of individuals (Gamble 1998, 2005). However, our most celebrated source of evidence is made up of collections of lithic artefacts, which then poses the question “how does one unlock the social meaning in a handaxe”? <br /> <br />                This paper seeks to present the initial results from the formulation of a methodology that seeks to show whether handaxes can be attributed to specific individuals. If we are able to traced individuals in the Palaeolithic, the possibilities for extending our studies beyond those that have already taken place will be greatly magnified. However, if individuals are forever beyond our scope, then we may have to admit that our exploration of the individual can only amount to mere “naïve reconstructionism” (Hopkinson and White 2005).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6b69cf595da15c40157fa7dd2cec94e5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":615204,"asset_id":1661895,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/615204/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1661895"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1661895"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1661895; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1661895]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1661895]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1661895; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1661895']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6b69cf595da15c40157fa7dd2cec94e5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1661895]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1661895,"title":"Unchaining the Individual: Attribution experiments on Palaeolithic handaxes.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1661895/Unchaining_the_Individual_Attribution_experiments_on_Palaeolithic_handaxes","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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Although some have argued for a 'bottom-up' approach focusing on the individual agent (Gamble 1999, 2007; Gamble &  Porr 2005), most are of the opinion that this is an impossible goal beyond the resolution of the Palaeolithic archaeological record. <br /> <br />                Studies of individual behaviour and agency in the Upper Palaeolithic have taken place, but the application of social theory to Lower and Middle Palaeolithic archaeology has not occurred until recently. However, is this just theory for theory’s sake? While it is agreed that social theory is of benefit to Palaeolithic research, we still lack a methodological framework that allows us to test our theories and fully interpret the social aspect of material culture beyond ‘naïve reconstructionism’ (Hopkinson & White 2005). This paper aims to discuss the application of social theory to the Palaeolithic and ways in which our theoretical ideas can be rigorously tested.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7773957695def07edd2cc290fd9426fa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":615210,"asset_id":1661897,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/615210/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1661897"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1661897"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1661897; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1661897]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1661897]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1661897; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1661897']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7773957695def07edd2cc290fd9426fa" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1661897]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1661897,"title":"Putting theory to the test: the application of social theory to Palaeolithic Archaeology","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1661897/Putting_theory_to_the_test_the_application_of_social_theory_to_Palaeolithic_Archaeology","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="346742" id="bookreviewsandshortcontributions"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10765154"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10765154/Conference_Report_A_report_on_the_Wild_Things_2_0_further_advances_in_Palaeolithic_and_Mesolithic_archaeology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Conference Report: A report on the 'Wild Things 2.0: further advances in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology'" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37169519/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10765154/Conference_Report_A_report_on_the_Wild_Things_2_0_further_advances_in_Palaeolithic_and_Mesolithic_archaeology">Conference Report: A report on the 'Wild Things 2.0: further advances in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology'</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lithics: the journal of the Lithics Studies Society 35, 2014</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e83d1f76bb5a129dbe63ed885c8c9098" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37169519,"asset_id":10765154,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37169519/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10765154"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10765154"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10765154; 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F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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Edited by John Bintliff and Mark Pearce" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31423290/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2362507/The_Death_of_Archaeological_Theory_Edited_by_John_Bintliff_and_Mark_Pearce">The Death of Archaeological Theory? 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F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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This analysis has important implications for the application of current social theory to Palaeolithic contexts, which advocates a 'bottom-up' approach to archaeological study. This socially orientated theoretical approach emphasises the individual as the primary unit of analysis. However, as Hopkinson and White (2005) state, there is currently no methodology for such an analysis, rendering many discussions as exercises in what has been termed 'theoretical storytelling'.<br /><br />Using a series of innovative experiments, the questions of whether the individual is a viable unit of analysis was tested. The results show that a suite of other factors that also contribute to stone tool manufacture currently masks the actions of individuals. Chief amongst these is the variability in the raw material nodules selected for reduction. However, intra-site variability may indicate differences that are linked to socially mediated knapping strategies, or 'group templates' (c.f. Ashton and McNabb 1994). While this possibility requires further exploration, this thesis suggests that the individual is currently not viable as a primary unit of analysis within Palaeolithic archaeology and stresses that the theories posited from the standpoint of the individual cannot be interpreted as fact. At the same time, it appears that further work needs to be conducted that focuses on the more traditional group as the primary analytical unit and the prospect of teasing apart the interplay between individuals, groups and the effects of raw material variability."<br /><br />Volume II of this thesis can be accessed via <a href="http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5946/" rel="nofollow">http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5946/</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="20f04001e2cf3173045a7c2c5e743435" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40995393,"asset_id":1846075,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40995393/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1846075"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1846075"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1846075; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1846075]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1846075]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1846075; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1846075']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "20f04001e2cf3173045a7c2c5e743435" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1846075]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1846075,"title":"Imperceptible Individuals: issues in the applications of social theory to Lower Palaeolithic material culture","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"\"This thesis aims to explore whether idiosyncrasies in Acheulean handaxe manufacture can be seen and, if so, whether these can be used to trace the actions of hominins within the Lower Palaeolithic. 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This analysis has important implications for the application of current social theory to Palaeolithic contexts, which advocates a 'bottom-up' approach to archaeological study. This socially orientated theoretical approach emphasises the individual as the primary unit of analysis. However, as Hopkinson and White (2005) state, there is currently no methodology for such an analysis, rendering many discussions as exercises in what has been termed 'theoretical storytelling'.\n\nUsing a series of innovative experiments, the questions of whether the individual is a viable unit of analysis was tested. The results show that a suite of other factors that also contribute to stone tool manufacture currently masks the actions of individuals. Chief amongst these is the variability in the raw material nodules selected for reduction. However, intra-site variability may indicate differences that are linked to socially mediated knapping strategies, or 'group templates' (c.f. Ashton and McNabb 1994). While this possibility requires further exploration, this thesis suggests that the individual is currently not viable as a primary unit of analysis within Palaeolithic archaeology and stresses that the theories posited from the standpoint of the individual cannot be interpreted as fact. At the same time, it appears that further work needs to be conducted that focuses on the more traditional group as the primary analytical unit and the prospect of teasing apart the interplay between individuals, groups and the effects of raw material variability.\"\n\nVolume II of this thesis can be accessed via http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5946/","owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="165958"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/165958/Environmental_Change_and_Adaptation_A_Reanalysis_of_the_Neanderthal_Extinction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Environmental Change and Adaptation: A Reanalysis of the Neanderthal Extinction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88023/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/165958/Environmental_Change_and_Adaptation_A_Reanalysis_of_the_Neanderthal_Extinction">Environmental Change and Adaptation: A Reanalysis of the Neanderthal Extinction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"The aim of this paper is to review the evidence for the extinction of the Neanderthals and inves...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"The aim of this paper is to review the evidence for the extinction of the Neanderthals and investigate to what extent these archaic hominids could adapt to the cyclical climatic changes that occurred throughout their occupation of Europe. Specific attention will be paid to the increased frequency of climatic fluctuations in oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 3, the period during which the Neanderthals disappeared. The effects of climatic change on both Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens (AMHS) will be studied, using a new geographical framework derived from Gamble's (1986; 1999) European regions and the Stage 3 Project's radiocarbon database (Davies 2000). The analysis of this model will allow questions concerning both Neanderthals' and AMHS's ability to cope with a rapidly deteriorating climate to be addressed. <br /> <br />This paper was submitted as part of my MA in 2007.  It received a distinction and was entered for the Royal Archaeological Institute's Masters Award in the same year."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="da9dea2ce51bb372390608968e2134a2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88023,"asset_id":165958,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88023/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="165958"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="165958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 165958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=165958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=165958]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 165958; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='165958']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "da9dea2ce51bb372390608968e2134a2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=165958]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":165958,"title":"Environmental Change and Adaptation: A Reanalysis of the Neanderthal Extinction","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/165958/Environmental_Change_and_Adaptation_A_Reanalysis_of_the_Neanderthal_Extinction","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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As a result, the actions and goals of the knapper are embedded in the production of flakes and the scar patterns upon the surface of resulting tools. This is considered important for understanding the behaviour of individual hominins and how they are intertwined with others around them and their wider societies. It has also been suggested that, through an analysis of the chaîne opératoire and in depth study of individual artefacts, idiosyncrasies may be discovered that enable us to trace particular knappers or social groups. <br />Grounded in the recent theoretical approaches to the individual in Palaeolithic archaeology (Gamble 1999, 2007), this poster presents results from an in depth analysis of idiosyncrasies in stone tool manufacture. It asks whether the individual is truly a viable unit of analysis in a quantifiable sense. By studying both experimental and archaeological Lower Palaeolithic refitting sequences and handaxes, it demonstrates the level to which the individual can be viewed within Palaeolithic material culture, what factors prevent such an approach, and outlines avenues for future research. Moreover, it highlights possible evidence for socially mediated knapping templates from Acheulean sites and, hence, provides further contributions to the perennial debate into the sources of variability in the Lower Palaeolithic material record. <br /> <br />Gamble, C., The Palaeolithic Societies of Europe. 1999, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="78a060e6dab2e1d58f1ceb5c1ab984d8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34820479,"asset_id":8281461,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34820479/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8281461"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8281461"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8281461; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8281461]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8281461]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8281461; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8281461']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "78a060e6dab2e1d58f1ceb5c1ab984d8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8281461]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8281461,"title":"The possibilities of tracing idiosyncrasy within percussive technologies","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8281461/The_possibilities_of_tracing_idiosyncrasy_within_percussive_technologies","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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The possibilities of analysing the individual in the Lower Palaeolithic (Poster)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/1715235/Bottoms_Up_The_possibilities_of_analysing_the_individual_in_the_Lower_Palaeolithic_Poster_">Bottoms Up! The possibilities of analysing the individual in the Lower Palaeolithic (Poster)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An emphasis on socially orientated approaches to studying the Palaeolithic has become commonplace...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An emphasis on socially orientated approaches to studying the Palaeolithic has become commonplace in current research. As a result, a “bottom up” approach to interpreting the material record has appeared, which emphasises the individual as the appropriate analytical unit. However, this approach often reduces discussion to “theoretical storytelling”, with no suitable methodology in place to enable such hypotheses to be tested.<br /><br />This poster presents results from a three-year project that aims to investigate whether the individual is a viable unit of analysis. Using a series of innovative techniques, the possibilities of tracing individual knappers through lithic reduction and final tool form were explored. The results of this study indicate that a suite of factors mask any traits that could be linked to knapping idiosyncrasies. The implications of this brings into question our ability to produce meaningful dialogues regarding the study of individuals and emphasises that theoretical explanations continue to represent ideas and interpretations limited only by our imaginative potential.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1715235"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1715235"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1715235; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1715235]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1715235]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1715235; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1715235']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1715235]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1715235,"title":"Bottoms Up! The possibilities of analysing the individual in the Lower Palaeolithic (Poster)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1715235/Bottoms_Up_The_possibilities_of_analysing_the_individual_in_the_Lower_Palaeolithic_Poster_","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2362523"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2362523/Its_Hammer_Time_Investigating_percussion_damage_on_British_Acheulean_handaxes_Poster_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of It's Hammer Time! Investigating percussion damage on British Acheulean handaxes (Poster)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30510416/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2362523/Its_Hammer_Time_Investigating_percussion_damage_on_British_Acheulean_handaxes_Poster_">It's Hammer Time! Investigating percussion damage on British Acheulean handaxes (Poster)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"Evidence of percussion damage, realised as incipient Hertzian cones on the faces of Acheulean ha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"Evidence of percussion damage, realised as incipient Hertzian cones on the faces of Acheulean handaxes, has been noted by a number of authors at several different Lower Palaeolithic sites, for example Wymer (Swanscombe), Smith (Caddington), Keeley (Hoxne), and White et al. (South Woodford). Such damage is commonly interpreted as caused by battering of the tools during bone processing for the extraction of marrow.  However, this may not be the case. Initial experiments in processing limb bones from bovids presented in this paper indicate that battering with Acheulean handaxes is insufficient to recreate this damage, as well as being unsuccessful at cracking the bones and accessing the marrow contained within. <br /> <br />As a result, this paper examines alternative methods of replicating such battering damage patterns by looking at other percussion-based activities that may have occurred in the Lower Palaeolithic.  A series of experimental studies will be discussed in order to highlight the fact that such activities need not necessarily end with carcass butchery and marrow processing, and it is hoped that this will stimulate debate regarding the significance and implications of these experiments for furthering the understanding of both hominin life and the Lower Palaeolithic archaeological record. Needless to say, the experiments conducted do not represent an exhaustive list of possibilities and it is hoped that discussion will produce new avenues of research to be explored."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c84cec365bf27db84e09f52b68895a99" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30510416,"asset_id":2362523,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30510416/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2362523"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2362523"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2362523; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362523]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362523]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2362523; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2362523']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c84cec365bf27db84e09f52b68895a99" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2362523]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2362523,"title":"It's Hammer Time! Investigating percussion damage on British Acheulean handaxes (Poster)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2362523/Its_Hammer_Time_Investigating_percussion_damage_on_British_Acheulean_handaxes_Poster_","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds"},"attachments":[{"id":30510416,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30510416/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Hammer_Time_Poster.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30510416/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Its_Hammer_Time_Investigating_percussion.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30510416/Hammer_Time_Poster-libre.pdf?1391716166=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIts_Hammer_Time_Investigating_percussion.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816929\u0026Signature=PXHTNp2VPbLYP7SxaODRcvSdcoLDye9TlUREX98hCaX-JO3h0vorQ5vdVs6uX7Qfr5j-V56cSDf3PJkEAHet7JNQvS3RfT3cqynMBf1z9Zr-TbkWLvQZdubb~usO2kyxggi~gWiem-bhgHxtxclgEnxlsG56D8wrU08HeFzwdWyxdwHlwx64NQprZ64JkSJ2ItloChdoIkIEI~dfZCqccN9T5GdZZCwRlRPrC6nlk0sQkMq9Tuo~5i1xqpLsX2zuYGxlF321PjgJffaQzw8kUidA0DzjEitjLs3oUXQBr577ofaUF-M6gIUWEHPys1marksrnfTufZhJxpN4HVThoQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2696770" id="blogscommunicationandoutreach"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11330126"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/11330126/Finds_while_geophysing_a_flint_blade_from_Swallowcliffe_Down"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Finds while geophysing – a flint blade from Swallowcliffe Down" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/11330126/Finds_while_geophysing_a_flint_blade_from_Swallowcliffe_Down">Finds while geophysing – a flint blade from Swallowcliffe Down</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11330126"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11330126"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11330126; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11330126]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11330126]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11330126; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11330126']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11330126]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11330126,"title":"Finds while geophysing – a flint blade from Swallowcliffe Down","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11330126/Finds_while_geophysing_a_flint_blade_from_Swallowcliffe_Down","owner_id":20524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":20524,"first_name":"Frederick","middle_initials":"W . F .","last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"FrederickFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2008-12-01T00:30:14.943-08:00","display_name":"Frederick W . F . 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F . Foulds</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://york.academia.edu/GeoffBailey">Geoff Bailey</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ed8669a194faf22d8594c5b50075fc41" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37169329,"asset_id":11737541,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37169329/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11737541"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11737541"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11737541; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11737541]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11737541]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11737541; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11737541']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ed8669a194faf22d8594c5b50075fc41" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11737541]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11737541,"title":" 'The Palaeolithic Occupation of the Harrat Al Birk' Preliminary Report on 2015 Fieldwork in Asir Province, Southwest Saudi Arabia","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"The research focuses on the Palaeolithic occupation of the Harrat Al Birk region in Asir Province, Southwest Saudi Arabia, which serves as a significant area for understanding early human dispersal out of Africa. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10229369"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10229369/New_Light_on_Old_Sites_A_geophysical_survey_at_the_Early_Iron_Age_site_at_Swallowcliffe_Down_Wiltshire"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of New Light on Old Sites: A geophysical survey at the Early Iron Age site at Swallowcliffe Down, Wiltshire" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36362063/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10229369/New_Light_on_Old_Sites_A_geophysical_survey_at_the_Early_Iron_Age_site_at_Swallowcliffe_Down_Wiltshire">New Light on Old Sites: A geophysical survey at the Early Iron Age site at Swallowcliffe Down, Wiltshire</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/ElizabethFoulds">Elizabeth Foulds</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://durham.academia.edu/FrederickFoulds">Frederick W . F . Foulds</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wilburwright.academia.edu/JoZaleaMatias">Jo Zalea Matias</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ird.academia.edu/Oph%C3%A9lieLebrasseur">Ophélie Lebrasseur</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Two teams conducted a geophysical survey at the Iron Age site of Swallowcliffe Down (SM AM837) in...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Two teams conducted a geophysical survey at the Iron Age site of Swallowcliffe Down (SM AM837) in Wiltshire (ST96782543) in July 2014. The aim of the survey was to locate the pits excavated in the 1920s by Dr RCC Clay, to find evidence for any other unexcavated features, and evidence for the extent of the site. The survey focused on two areas. The first was a small area that contained an earthwork, described by Clay as a ‘circus’ or ‘amphitheatre’ that lays to the south. To the north is the main area of the survey that contained parts of an enclosure ditch and numerous pits. Results revealed a number of circular negative features in this area, many of which were the previously excavated pits. However, the survey also revealed unexcavated pits and circular features that may be roundhouses.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9119fa22d30ccaf9f8e78d95aa85100f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36362063,"asset_id":10229369,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36362063/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10229369"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10229369"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10229369; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10229369]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10229369]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10229369; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10229369']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9119fa22d30ccaf9f8e78d95aa85100f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10229369]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10229369,"title":"New Light on Old Sites: A geophysical survey at the Early Iron Age site at Swallowcliffe Down, Wiltshire","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Two teams conducted a geophysical survey at the Iron Age site of Swallowcliffe Down (SM AM837) in Wiltshire (ST96782543) in July 2014. The aim of the survey was to locate the pits excavated in the 1920s by Dr RCC Clay, to find evidence for any other unexcavated features, and evidence for the extent of the site. The survey focused on two areas. The first was a small area that contained an earthwork, described by Clay as a ‘circus’ or ‘amphitheatre’ that lays to the south. To the north is the main area of the survey that contained parts of an enclosure ditch and numerous pits. Results revealed a number of circular negative features in this area, many of which were the previously excavated pits. However, the survey also revealed unexcavated pits and circular features that may be roundhouses."},"translated_abstract":"Two teams conducted a geophysical survey at the Iron Age site of Swallowcliffe Down (SM AM837) in Wiltshire (ST96782543) in July 2014. 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The aim of the survey was to locate the pits excavated in the 1920s by Dr RCC Clay, to find evidence for any other unexcavated features, and evidence for the extent of the site. The survey focused on two areas. The first was a small area that contained an earthwork, described by Clay as a ‘circus’ or ‘amphitheatre’ that lays to the south. To the north is the main area of the survey that contained parts of an enclosure ditch and numerous pits. Results revealed a number of circular negative features in this area, many of which were the previously excavated pits. However, the survey also revealed unexcavated pits and circular features that may be roundhouses.","owner":{"id":114882,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Foulds","page_name":"ElizabethFoulds","domain_name":"durham","created_at":"2010-01-12T07:57:24.198-08:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Foulds","url":"https://durham.academia.edu/ElizabethFoulds"},"attachments":[{"id":36362063,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36362063/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"SWALL14_EH_Report-final.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36362063/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"New_Light_on_Old_Sites_A_geophysical_sur.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36362063/SWALL14_EH_Report-final-libre.pdf?1421935791=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNew_Light_on_Old_Sites_A_geophysical_sur.pdf\u0026Expires=1738744626\u0026Signature=Af9tpObrHEroip4ZWtfYHvjR5v3XsGsGLJqy27qGoj-sSij5yaGkCMwx9cVXWWbda4KlxUavrXZtKoxMIhe-02-VI1pDjNZ33RjzjJi7s~0aVB0R-mW2utCOvq6NtsLlFentUS88-mZW1k2On14JgsVzi~WkHre4BfOeQ87t5jlqbNm1wFgvfJ93-93g0V~~n5ql-wVXKfcXwMc~GMTmDk8dsTVqiaKNxTYzbZTYylTngaiH9cjn-lHUKnGdMhkeZ7f1alpWuFbR6Vzh5uDwMx0p13NnS00lm4hi0i5hy6lxf4agGMpOPPpxHiSPm1X5kvqpcWUZnKlQ2kKegsTvug__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":5063,"name":"Settlement Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns"},{"id":5346,"name":"Archaeological Method \u0026 Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Method_and_Theory"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":11574,"name":"Iron Age Britain (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Britain_Archaeology_"},{"id":12222,"name":"Survey (Archaeological Method \u0026 Theory)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Archaeological_Method_and_Theory_"},{"id":16758,"name":"Early medieval Britain (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_medieval_Britain_Archaeology_"},{"id":17007,"name":"Prehistoric Settlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Settlement"},{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology"},{"id":18395,"name":"British Prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Prehistory_Archaeology_"},{"id":24591,"name":"Archaeological Geophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Geophysics"},{"id":25566,"name":"Archaeological Fieldwork","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Fieldwork"},{"id":31087,"name":"Iron Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Archaeology_"},{"id":31089,"name":"Iron Age Britain and Ireland (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Britain_and_Ireland_Archaeology_"},{"id":40780,"name":"Settlement archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_archaeology"},{"id":42195,"name":"Celtic Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archeology"},{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age"},{"id":48071,"name":"Archaeological survey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_survey"},{"id":53654,"name":"Early Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Iron_Age"},{"id":65131,"name":"Iron Age archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_archaeology"},{"id":67021,"name":"Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age_Early_Iron_Age"},{"id":72379,"name":"Prehistoric Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archeology"},{"id":524718,"name":"Archaeology of Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Britain"},{"id":815865,"name":"Archaeologicl Geophysics / Geophysical Prospecting / Archaeology / Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeologicl_Geophysics_Geophysical_Prospecting_Archaeology_Earth_Sciences"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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