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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American missionary (1809–1864)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Elihu Doty</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Doty.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="245" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Missionary and linguist</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1809-09-20</span>)</span>September 20, 1809<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Berne,_New_York" title="Berne, New York">Berne, New York</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 20, 1864<span style="display:none">(1864-11-20)</span> (aged 55)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">at sea, en route to New York</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Parsippany,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsippany, New Jersey">Parsippany, New Jersey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers College">Rutgers College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Theological_Seminary" title="New Brunswick Theological Seminary">New Brunswick Theological Seminary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1836–1864</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Anglo Chinese Manual of the Amoy Dialect</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Clarissa D. Ackley</li> <li>Eleanor Augusta Smith Doty</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Elihu Doty</b> (20 September 1809 – 30 November 1864) was an American <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> to China. He was responsible for the first textbook of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a> in English. Along with <a href="/wiki/John_Van_Nest_Talmage" title="John Van Nest Talmage">John Van Nest Talmage</a> he is credited with the invention of <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>, the most common orthography used to write Southern Min, although some doubt remains as to the exact origins of this system.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlöter2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlöter2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_mission">Early mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elihu_Doty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Doty arrived in <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> in 1836 and spent his first three years as a missionary there;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrugginkBaker200492_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrugginkBaker200492-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Azubah_Caroline_Condit" title="Azubah Caroline Condit">Azubah Caroline Condit</a> was among those who accompanied him on his journey there.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson1999_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His next station was <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, from 1839 to 1844, at which point he relocated to <a href="/wiki/Amoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amoy">Amoy</a> (now Xiamen) in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>, China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_in_Amoy">Mission in Amoy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elihu_Doty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mission in Amoy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was while stationed in Amoy that Doty produced the <i>Anglo Chinese Manual of the Amoy Dialect</i> (1853), which was "the earliest existing textbook for a Southern Min dialect".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlöter2002_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlöter2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elihu_Doty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDoty1850" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doty, Elihu</a> (1850). <i>Some thoughts on the proper term to be employed to translate Elohim and Theos into Chinese</i>. Shanghae: Mission Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31245161">31245161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+thoughts+on+the+proper+term+to+be+employed+to+translate+Elohim+and+Theos+into+Chinese&rft.place=Shanghae&rft.pub=Mission+Press&rft.date=1850&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31245161&rft.aulast=Doty&rft.aufirst=Elihu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElihu+Doty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoty1853" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doty, Elihu</a> (1853). <i>Anglo Chinese Manual of the Amoy Dialect</i>. Guangzhou: Samuel Wells Williams. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/20605114">20605114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo+Chinese+Manual+of+the+Amoy+Dialect&rft.place=Guangzhou&rft.pub=Samuel+Wells+Williams&rft.date=1853&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F20605114&rft.aulast=Doty&rft.aufirst=Elihu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElihu+Doty" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elihu_Doty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlöter2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlöter2002_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlöter2002_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlöter2002">Klöter (2002)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrugginkBaker200492-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrugginkBaker200492_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrugginkBaker2004">Bruggink & Baker (2004)</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson1999-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson1999_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerald_H._Anderson1999" class="citation book cs1">Gerald H. Anderson (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC&pg=PA596"><i>Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4680-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4680-8"><bdi>978-0-8028-4680-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Dictionary+of+Christian+Missions&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4680-8&rft.au=Gerald+H.+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoQ8BFk9K0ToC%26pg%3DPA596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElihu+Doty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elihu_Doty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrugginkBaker2004" class="citation book cs1">Bruggink, Donald J.; Baker, Kim N. (2004). <i>By Grace Alone: Stories of the Reformed Church in America</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2691-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2691-6"><bdi>978-0-8028-2691-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+Grace+Alone%3A+Stories+of+the+Reformed+Church+in+America&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2691-6&rft.aulast=Bruggink&rft.aufirst=Donald+J.&rft.au=Baker%2C+Kim+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElihu+Doty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlöter2002" class="citation web cs1">Klöter, Henning (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://210.240.194.97/ungian/POJ/siausit/2002/2002POJGTH/lunbun/K2-kloeter.htm">"A History of Peh-oe-ji"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Peh-oe-ji&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Kl%C3%B6ter&rft.aufirst=Henning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F210.240.194.97%2Fungian%2FPOJ%2Fsiausit%2F2002%2F2002POJGTH%2Flunbun%2FK2-kloeter.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElihu+Doty" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elihu_Doty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004210940/http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/memory/TGB/thak.asp?id=6">Complete version of his Anglo-Chinese Manual</a></li></ul> <div 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