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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carrying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carrying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Carrying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carrying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Anatomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locking_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locking_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Locking system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locking_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_sword_in_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_sword_in_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Japanese sword in Korea</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Japanese_sword_in_Korea-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Japanese sword in Korea subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Japanese_sword_in_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yi_Sun-sin's_Double_Sword" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yi_Sun-sin's_Double_Sword"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Yi Sun-sin's Double Sword</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yi_Sun-sin's_Double_Sword-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Typology</span> </div> </a> <button 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</li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_swordsmanship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_swordsmanship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Korean swordsmanship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_swordsmanship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_swords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_swords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Contemporary swords</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_swords-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contemporary swords subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_swords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sword_producers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sword_producers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sword producers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sword_producers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authentic_reproductions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authentic_reproductions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Authentic reproductions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authentic_reproductions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swords produced in Korea</div> <p>The traditions of <b>Korean bladesmithing and swordsmanship</b> have served a central place in the military <a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">history of Korea</a> for thousands of years. Although typical Korean land battles have taken place in wide valleys and narrow mountain passes, which favor use of <a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">spears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bow_(archery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (archery)">bows</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the sword found use as a secondary, <a href="/wiki/Close-quarters_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-quarters combat">close-quarters</a> weapon, in addition to far more prominent role during <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">sieges</a> and ship-to-ship <a href="/wiki/Boarding_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Boarding action">boarding actions</a>. Higher quality, <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_weapon" title="Ceremonial weapon">ceremonial swords</a> were typically reserved for the officer corps as a symbol of authority with which to command the troops. Ceremonial swords are still granted to military officials by the civilian authority to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="North Korea too or just the South? (December 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Korean swords typically fall into two broad categories, the <i>geom</i>, and the <i>do</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Geom is a double-edged weapon, while the Do is a single-edged weapon; although exceptions exist. In common parlance, all swords may be referred to as <i>geom</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">검</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">劍</span></span>). </p><p>The history of the <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a> in <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korea</a> begins with <a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">bronze daggers</a> of Bronze Age of which existing artifacts dates back to 10-9th century BCE. Iron use co-existed with Bronze use during the late <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>. As Bronze Age and Iron Age started at the same time in the Japanese archipelago during the <a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi period</a>, use of Iron in the Korean Cultural sphere can be estimated to have started in the same time period. </p><p>The rarity of traditional Korean swords in the modern day has made them extremely valuable, with high demand from both museums and collectors. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_swords">Early swords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early swords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hwandudaedo" title="Hwandudaedo">Hwandudaedo</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_kingdom_swords.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Three_kingdom_swords.jpg/250px-Three_kingdom_swords.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Three_kingdom_swords.jpg/375px-Three_kingdom_swords.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Three_kingdom_swords.jpg/500px-Three_kingdom_swords.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms</a> era swords generally have a ring <a href="/wiki/Hilt" title="Hilt">pommel</a>. More elaborate swords hold images of dragons or phoenixes in the ring.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SillaSwordHilt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/SillaSwordHilt.jpg/220px-SillaSwordHilt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/SillaSwordHilt.jpg/330px-SillaSwordHilt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/SillaSwordHilt.jpg/440px-SillaSwordHilt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="924" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> era sword pommel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ornamented_Sword_from_Gyerim-ro,_Gyeongju.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ornamented_Sword_from_Gyerim-ro%2C_Gyeongju.jpg/150px-Ornamented_Sword_from_Gyerim-ro%2C_Gyeongju.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ornamented_Sword_from_Gyerim-ro%2C_Gyeongju.jpg/225px-Ornamented_Sword_from_Gyerim-ro%2C_Gyeongju.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ornamented_Sword_from_Gyerim-ro%2C_Gyeongju.jpg/300px-Ornamented_Sword_from_Gyerim-ro%2C_Gyeongju.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Ornamented Sword made during the Silla period</figcaption></figure> <p>Evidence of sword production dates to the transitional Late Bronze to Early Iron Age (c. 1st century BC), with an earthenware mold for a Bronze Sword found in <a href="/wiki/South_Gyeongsang_Province" title="South Gyeongsang Province">South Gyeongsang Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest Korean sword type is the so-called <a href="/wiki/Hwandudaedo" title="Hwandudaedo">Hwandudaedo</a> or "ring-pommel sword," prevalent during the 1st to 6th centuries. Until the 3rd century, these swords were very rare and presumably reserved for royalty. They became more attainable in the later 4th and during the 5th century, and are found in many higher class tombs of this period. Their production declined in the 6th century. </p><p>By the last third of the Three Kingdoms period (i.e. 450 AD and beyond), steel making techniques had come from China (possibly during the <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and Southern dynasties</a> period in China) and were also employed in Korean swordmaking by all three Korean kingdoms (<a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2013, a Chinese Character inscription was discovered on a 5th-century sword from the <a href="/wiki/Geumgwanchong" class="mw-redirect" title="Geumgwanchong">Geumgwanchong</a> tomb in <a href="/wiki/Gyeongju" title="Gyeongju">Gyeongju</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Gyeongsang_Province" title="North Gyeongsang Province">North Gyeongsang Province</a>. The scabbard of the sword has the inscription 尒斯智王 <i>Yisaji-wang</i> ("King Isaji").<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Long swords during the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Korean Three Kingdoms period</a> were used primarily by cavalry and commanders (who were also usually mounted), not infantry. At this time land warfare consisted mostly of spearmen and bowmen on foot, mounted archers on horseback using two-handed bows, and mounted swordsmen with twin blades. Swords were not a primary weapon for all combat but were instead used mostly for shock attacks, defensive strokes, and for close-in fighting. Blades were heavy as they were made mostly of bronze and later iron, and pommels were often knobbed and used as balances or for very close-in work. Short swords may have been used in follow-up attacks, as short sword carriers were heavily armored. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> dynasty, a limited number of Korean swords were exported for trade missions in Asia. It is likely that Korean swordmaking was influenced by Mongol and Chinese weapon manufacture after Goryeo's submission as a Mongol vassal after <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Korea" title="Mongol invasions of Korea">6 Mongol invasions</a> ending in 1259. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Joseon_Period_(Hwando)"><span id="Joseon_Period_.28Hwando.29"></span>Joseon Period (Hwando)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Joseon Period (Hwando)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sword used for combat during the Joseon Dynasty was called <b>Hwando</b>, and in the name 'Hwando (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%92%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:環">環</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:刀">刀</a>)', 'Hwan(環)' is the <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a> means ring. There are differing opinions about the origin of the name. 《Yungwon Pilbi》 (융원필비, 戎垣必備), a military book published in 1813 states that it originated from a ring for tying the sheath to the waist.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name ‘Hwando (環刀)’ appears first in 《<a href="/wiki/Goryeosa" title="Goryeosa">Goryeosa</a>》. It is written that when an envoy from the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Dynasty">Yuan Dynasty</a> arrived in April 1277, <a href="/wiki/King_Chungnyeol" class="mw-redirect" title="King Chungnyeol">King Chungnyeol</a> sent Yi Jang-mu (이장무, 李藏茂) to <a href="/wiki/Chungju" title="Chungju">Chungju city</a> to make 1,000 sacks of Hwando.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carrying">Carrying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Carrying"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were many ways to wear the Hwando, including using a belt called Tti-don (띠돈 메기), wearing it on the back (둘러메기), around the shoulder (뒤꽂이), and around the waist by tying a string to the ring of the scabbard (고리 메기). During the Joseon Dynasty, swords were often worn with the hilt pointing toward the back. </p><p>This method is mainly seen in countries that used <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> as its main force. It is said that this method was designed because if the sword was worn with the hilt facing forward, the sheath at the back would hit the horse and hinder its movement when running fast on horseback. It also has the advantage of being more comfortable when shooting a bow because the hilt does not get in the way. This type of sword-wearing is a fairly common style of sword-wearing that appears in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anatomy">Anatomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The method in which the sword hilt faces backwards is mainly seen in attire using Tti-don, which makes it easy to turn the hilt, but it is difficult to know exactly when Tti-don was used in Korea. However, during the Yuan Intervention period, the mainstream in Mongolia was to kick the sword with the hilt facing forward. Also, in the Hwando paintings from the early Joseon Dynasty depicted in 《<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%A2%85%EC%8B%A4%EB%A1%9D" class="extiw" title="ko:세종실록">Sejong Silok</a>》(世宗實錄) and the 《<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A1%B0%EC%98%A4%EB%A1%80%EC%9D%98" class="extiw" title="ko:국조오례의">Gukjo-oyreui</a>》(國朝五禮儀), there is only a ring for the scabbard and no bandon is depicted, and even in the royal tombs of the mid-Joseon Dynasty in the 16th and 17th centuries, figures wearing sword sheaths with rings are carved. Considering this, it appears that it was common until the mid-Joseon Dynasty to wear the sword with the hilt facing forward in a looped manner. The oldest Hwando where Tti-don is found is <a href="/wiki/Ryu_Seong-ryong" title="Ryu Seong-ryong">Ryu Seong-ryong</a>'s Hwando. Considering this, it is highly likely that the Tti-don and the method of kicking the sword with the hilt facing backwards were introduced starting around the mid-Joseon Dynasty under the influence of the Ming Dynasty or the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen people</a>. </p><p>The Hwando of the early Joseon Dynasty, as recorded in the 《Sejong Silok》(世宗實錄) and the 《Gukjo-oyreui》(國朝五禮儀), is not only greatly curved but also short in length. Looking at the blade length regulations for the Hwando recorded in 《<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EC%A2%85%EC%8B%A4%EB%A1%9D" class="extiw" title="ko:문종실록">Munjong Silok</a>》(文宗實錄), it is 1.7 ja for infantry use and 1.6 ja for cavalry use, and the length of the handle is 2 gwon for infantry use and 1 gwon 3 ji for cavalry use,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The overall shape of the blade is a curved, single-edged sword.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to partial heat treatment, there were faint patterns on the blade. The curvature varied, with some swords having a pronounced curve and others being almost straight.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, it resembles a Japanese Katana, but unlike the Katana, there is often no distinct boundary line (yokote) at the tip of the blade, making the tip relatively ambiguous.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding cross-sections, there were <a href="/wiki/Triangular" class="mw-redirect" title="Triangular">triangular</a>, single-plane <a href="/wiki/Pentagonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentagonal">pentagonal</a>, pentagonal, and <a href="/wiki/Hexagonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexagonal">hexagonal</a> types depending on the shape. However, due to durability issues, triangular swords were used for personal protection or <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassination</a>, like the changpogeom (창포검), while the military typically used Hwandos with hexagonal or pentagonal cross-sections.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are very few single-plane pentagonal artifacts, and little is known about their advantages and disadvantages. </p><p>There is a record that when Koreans obtained a Japanese sword, they would grind down the back and side slopes (shinogi) to make the sides flat and the edge angular.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That shows the differences between Japanese sword and Hwando. However, most surviving Hwandos have clear angular ridges on the blade back, similar to the shinogi of a Japanese sword.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The cross-sections of the hwandos unearthed from <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dongnae" title="Siege of Dongnae">Dongnae Citadel</a> were also pentagonal and hexagonal, and even swords from the Goryeo period excavated from <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%84%B1" class="extiw" title="ko:처인성">Cheoin Fortress</a> had angular blade backs. </p><p>Also there is a record that Japanese swords as having softer steel on the left and harder steel on the right,<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the left side of the blade ground obliquely, indicating a single-plane structure. However, typical Japanese swords do not have steel joined on both sides, and although there were single-plane types in Japan, they were not mainstream. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Locking_system">Locking system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Locking system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lock can be pulled out as one of the characteristic styles of Hwando. Unlike swords from other cultures, the sword had a separate locking device, and there was very little chance that the sword would come out on its own even during vigorous activity. In the early Joseon Dynasty, a locking device called a Binyeojang (비녀장) was mainly used.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'Binyeo (비녀)' of Binyeojang literally means <a href="/wiki/Binyeo" title="Binyeo">Binyeo</a>, the traditional Korean <a href="/wiki/Hairpin" title="Hairpin">hairpin</a>. </p><p>This was to prevent the sword from falling out of the scabbard, and the hole on the back of the shield was to secure the sword with a Binyeojang. Of course, it was not without its drawbacks. Additional processes were required for production, and of course there was a possibility of damage.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> And in fact, as it is not like there are no hobbyists in Hwando who can perform the minimal locking role, it is actually rather common for Hwando to also not have a locking device. It can be seen that the locking device was just one of the many styles of Hwando.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japanese_sword_in_Korea">Japanese sword in Korea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Japanese sword in Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_3">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EA%B6%8C%EC%9D%91%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%BC_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%EA%B6%8C%EC%9D%91%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%BC_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg/350px-%EA%B6%8C%EC%9D%91%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%BC_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%EA%B6%8C%EC%9D%91%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%BC_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg/525px-%EA%B6%8C%EC%9D%91%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%BC_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%EA%B6%8C%EC%9D%91%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%BC_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg/700px-%EA%B6%8C%EC%9D%91%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%BC_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Uchigatana" class="mw-redirect" title="Uchigatana">Uchigatana</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Japanese_sword#Bizen_School" title="Japanese sword">Bizen Osafune</a>. General <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EC%9D%91%EC%88%98" class="extiw" title="ko:권응수">Kwon Eung-su</a> (권응수, 1546-1608), killed Japanese General Kihachi (喜八) and took it for use during the <a href="/wiki/Imjin_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Imjin War">Imjin War</a>. Its sheath has been modified to Hwando's style. It is currently on display in <a href="/wiki/Jinju_National_Museum" title="Jinju National Museum">Jinju National Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Imjin_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Imjin War">Imjin War</a> (1592-1598), <a href="/wiki/Joseon_Army" title="Joseon Army">Joseon Army</a> confiscated <a href="/wiki/Japanese_sword" title="Japanese sword">Japanese sword</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Japanese sword introduced during this period was not the origin of the Hwando. The Hwando and the Japanese Sword have similar in appearance, but in the <a href="/wiki/Joseon_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon dynasty">Joseon dynasty</a>, there was a clear distinction between the Hwando and the Japanese sword.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So, it is a complete misunderstanding that the Hwando was derived from the Japanese sword and there is no historical basis for saying that. </p><p>According to historical relics, the Hwando and Japanese sword evolved independently since <a href="/wiki/Goryeo_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Goryeo dynasty">Goryeo dynasty</a> and took on similar shapes with Katana before the <a href="/wiki/Imjin_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Imjin War">Imjin War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be described as <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">convergent evolution</a>, and historical documents show that the Hwando was influenced by the Central Asian <a href="/wiki/Sabre" title="Sabre">Sabre</a> that came through the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the <a href="/wiki/Goryeo_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Goryeo dynasty">Goryeo dynasty</a> rather than the influence of the Japanese sword. Although it is not recorded in the documents, some historians speculate that Joseon craftsmen making Hwando may have adopted some of the styles of Japanese swords through the Imjin War.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yi_Sun-sin's_Double_Sword"><span id="Yi_Sun-sin.27s_Double_Sword"></span>Yi Sun-sin's Double Sword</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Yi Sun-sin's Double Sword"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EC%B4%9D%EB%AC%B4%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%EC%B4%9D%EB%AC%B4%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg/320px-%EC%B4%9D%EB%AC%B4%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%EC%B4%9D%EB%AC%B4%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg/480px-%EC%B4%9D%EB%AC%B4%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%EC%B4%9D%EB%AC%B4%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg/640px-%EC%B4%9D%EB%AC%B4%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Yi Sun-sin Janggeom (이순신 장검, 李舜臣長劍)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <div class="poem"> <p><b>三尺誓天山河動色</b><br /> <b>(I swear to heaven with the sword, the mountains and rivers tremble.)</b><br /> <br /> <b>一揮掃蕩血染山河</b><br /> <b>(With one swing, it sweeps away, the blood stains the mountains.)</b> </p> </div><p>- Inscribed poem of each sword </p></blockquote> </div> <p>The representative Japanese sword used in Korea is <a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin" title="Yi Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</a>'s Janggeom (장검), which are a <a href="/wiki/National_Treasures_(South_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Treasures (South Korea)">National Treasure of South Korea</a>. Those were designated as Treasure No. 326-1 in 1963 and promoted to a national treasure on August 24, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those are currently on display at <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%84%EC%B6%A9%EC%82%AC" class="extiw" title="ko:현충사">Hyeonchungsa Shrine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason why the swords were created was when Yi Sun-sin captured <a href="/wiki/Japanese_swordsmithing" title="Japanese swordsmithing">Japanese swordsmiths</a> during the Imjin War and had them make two swords to confirm their claim that they were swordsmiths. </p><p>Janggeom have great historical value because those have a convergent international design. The swords' material are closer to that of Hwando than <a href="/wiki/Katana" title="Katana">Katana</a>, but since those are about 2m long,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it resembles <a href="/wiki/Odachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Odachi">Odachi</a> and very different from the Hwando, which rarely have sword longer than 1.5m.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The guard and handle decoration are in the style of a Katana, and the fishtail-shaped hilt is in the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> style.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the sword was completed, Yi Sun-sin inscribed his own poem on the each sword's blade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typology">Typology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Typology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Korean_sword" title="Special:EditPage/Korean sword">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Geom</i> (검; 劍) is the Korean word for "sword;" it is typically used of double-edged swords, but is also applied to single-edged swords. <i>Yedo</i> (예도; 銳刀) is the specific term for a single-edged sword. </p><p>Elements of the Korean sword include: <i>geomjip</i> or scabbard, most often of lacquer; <i>hyuljo</i> or fuller (most genuine Korean swords didn't have a fuller); <i>hwando magi</i> or collar; <i>ho in</i> or collar; <i>kodeungi</i> or hand guard; a ring-design pommel; tassels; a round and wide designed sword guard, or a straight lotus design.<sup id="cite_ref-무기와_방어구_편_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-무기와_방어구_편-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Various_examples_of_Korean_sword_design">Various examples of Korean sword design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Various examples of Korean sword design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many different types of Do and Geom exist,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ranging from very simple forms found in many nations to unique and artistic designs found solely in Korea. </p> <ul><li>Jikdo, literally "straight sword."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Janggeom (장검; 長劍): literally "long sword."</li> <li>Jingum, literally "true sword." Typically used to signify a blade that is meant for combat, rather than for ceremonial or spiritual purposes.</li> <li>Changpogeom, a sword named after the calamus plant (<i>changpo</i> in Korean). The sword is designed to reflect the design of the plant, with a double sided blade tapering to a narrow tip.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwandudaedo" title="Hwandudaedo">Hwandudaedo</a> (환두대도; 環頭大刀) or "ring-pommel sword) is a type of single-edged sword used during the Three Kingdoms era.</li> <li><i>Geom</i> is the generic term for "sword," but more specifically also refers to a shorter straight-blade, double-edged sword with a somewhat blunted tip which distinguishes this weapon from its Chinese counterpart, the <a href="/wiki/Jian" title="Jian">jian</a>. As a badge of status rather than a weapon, the Geom was often heavily decorated both on its scabbard and grip as well as with engravings and inscriptions on its blade.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated141_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated141-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Do</i>, commonly referred to as a <i>Hwando</i> or "military sword," was a single-edged sword, used as a sidearm for the Korean soldier well into the 19th century. Sometimes referred to as a "short sword," relative to the larger sized two-handed Sangsoodo, its length of 24 to 34 in (61 to 86 cm) was comparable to that of the two-handed Japanese Katana which may have been the inspiration for the Ssangsoodo. Reports found in the "Book of Corrections," a Korean record of the <a href="/wiki/Imjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Imjin">Imjin</a> Warum (1592–1598), state that Japanese swords taken in combat were readily pressed into service by simply trimming the length of the hilt. Forged of carbon steel the <i>Do</i> has a single-edged, curved blade, a sword guard, and a grip typically of wood. Earlier practice saw the <i>Do</i> suspended from a cord (Jul) and with a simple metal hanger which allowed the soldier to speedily discard his sheath. In later practice, the sword was suspended from a girdle or belt but retained a simple metal quick-release clip.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated141_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated141-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>Ssangsudo</i> (쌍수도; 雙手刀) is a double-handed single-edged sword used for a limited time in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Chinese literature and history both ascribe its adoption as a weapon on the Asian mainland to <a href="/wiki/Qi_Jiguang" title="Qi Jiguang">General Qi Jiguang</a> (1528–1588) who is said to have taken <a href="/wiki/Wokou" title="Wokou">Wokou</a> pirate prisoners during his campaigns in Southern China. Qi Jiguang wrote about the sword in his manual the <i>Record of Military Training</i> or Lianbing Shi Ji (練兵實紀) and recommended its use as part of the defense along China's northern border. Since General Qi's other famous training manual, the <a href="/wiki/Jixiao_Xinshu" title="Jixiao Xinshu">Jixiao Xinshu</a> (紀效新書), was used in the revamping of the Korean Military it followed that this weapon came highly recommended. Nor did the Koreans overlook that oversized swords had been used by Japanese soldiers during the recent conflict as well as during their own experiences with the Wakou. Intended by General Qi to be carried into combat on wagons or by individuals who drew each other's weapon, the Ssangsoodo measured an overall length of 6 ft (180 cm), 2 ft (61 cm) of which were to be the grip and another 2 ft (61 cm) forward of the handle to be sheathed in brass or copper. Undoubtedly the length and weight of the sword, and the high level of training necessary to wield it, made the sword impractical as a common part of the Korean arsenal. It is also useful to note that the Ming dynasty, which saw this weapon added to its own military, fell to Manchu invaders some 50 years later.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i> Hyup Do</i> or "spear sword" is found in Book Three, Chapter seven. Though commonly taken for a polearm after the fashion of the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Naginata" title="Naginata">Naginata</a>, the text of the <a href="/wiki/Muyedobotongji" title="Muyedobotongji">Muyedobotongji</a> relates that "the handle is about 4 ft (120 cm)....weighs about 4 lb (1.8 kg).....the illustration in this book is corrected according to the Mubiji and the Japanese Jang Do. They are the same." It is reasonable to conclude that the Hyup Do was much closer to the Japanese Nagamaki.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_Wol-do.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Korean_Wol-do.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Korean Wol-Do (L) displayed with its Chinese equivalent (R).</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The *<a href="/wiki/Woldo" title="Woldo">Woldo</a> (월도; 月刀) was a bladed polearm, like its Chinese counterpart the Yaoyindao commonly decorated with a tassel or feather affixed to a prominence on the spine of the blade which assisted the person wielding the weapon with identifying the blade's center of mass. According to the <a href="/wiki/Muyedobotongji" title="Muyedobotongji">Muyedobotongji</a>, "the length of the handle is 6.4 ft (200 cm); the length of the blade is 2.8 ft (85 cm). The weight is about 3.15 lb (1.43 kg)."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ssangdo or Ssanggeom (쌍도; 雙刀; 쌍검: 雙劍) This literally means "Twin Swords." It can vary from twin long swords or twin short swords. These techniques can also be used on horseback as 'Masang ssanggeom.' The Korean cavalry was famous for using Twin Sword techniques on horseback, while balancing on the horse with grace. Ssangyunggeom are twin swords which are carried in a single scabbard. The sheath is twice as wide because it needs room for the second sword. The sword's length varies from 3 to 4 ft (91 to 122 cm). Usually these swords were double-edged and made entirely of Iron (including the scabbard).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyeopdo" title="Hyeopdo">Hyeopdo</a> (협도; 俠刀) This is also a large crescent blade that is similar to the 'Pudao' but wider and thicker. A tassle is attached to the end of the blade.</li> <li>Hwando (환도): This is a single-edged short sword which was strictly used with one hand. This was a common sidearm for many soldiers during the Joseon era.</li> <li>Unggeom (웅검): This is a single-edged long sword that was used with one or two hands. This was another common side arm for many soldiers during the Joseon era.</li> <li>Samgakdo (삼각도; 三角刀): The samgakdo is a recently used terminology for swords used for mat cutting. The <a href="/wiki/Cross_section_(geometry)" title="Cross section (geometry)">cross section</a> of the sword is triangular in shape; hence the name Samgakdo (which means three-sided sword).</li> <li>For martial arts students learning sword forms or <i>Geombeop/Geomsul,</i> practice <a href="/wiki/Bokken" title="Bokken">wood swords</a> or <i>mokgeom</i> are most often used; then those made out of carbonized bamboo or <i>Juk-do</i>; lastly compression sponge, single or double-edged, with or without blood grooves. Modern sword and knife sparring commonly makes use of plastic blades.</li> <li>Chilseonggeom (칠성검; 七星劍): The name of this sword translates as "seven star sword" and it could be either single-edged or double-edged. It is primarily known for its use by Buddhist practitioners. Almost all of these swords had constellation engravings on the blades (usually the Big Dipper, although depiction of any 7 star cluster isn't uncommon).</li> <li>Sainchamsageom: This sword's name literally means 'Great Four Tiger Sword.' This is a ceremonial sword that is used for demon slaying and Shamanistic rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-chosun_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chosun-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ingeom (Tiger Swords) were usually of the same designs but of different strengths. They were all made according to the Year, Month, Week, Day, and Hour of the Tiger.<sup id="cite_ref-chosun_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chosun-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples include the sam-ingeom or 'Three Tiger Sword,' and the i-ingeom or 'Two Tiger Sword.'<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Samjeongdo (삼정도; 三精刀) the sword given to newly promoted Korean military generals each year by the Ministry of National Defense.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Seven-Branched_Sword" title="Seven-Branched Sword">Seven-Branched Sword</a> is a peculiar specimen forged in Baekje in the order of the king. There is a theory that this is a sword that was to be a gift presented to the emperor of Japan. There was no handle found for the blade nor was there a scabbard found for it while it was being excavated.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Korean_swordsmanship">Korean swordsmanship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Korean swordsmanship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Korean_swordsmanship" title="Korean swordsmanship">Korean swordsmanship</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Korean_sword" title="Special:EditPage/Korean sword">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The study of Korean sword as a weapons system is commonly called <b>Geom Beop</b> (literally "Sword Law") </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Joseon_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon dynasty">Joseon</a> period, swords also had ranks depending on who wielded them and what their purpose was. The highest ranking of these swords was known as the Byeol-ungeom (별운검: 別雲劍), literally meaning "cloud-splitting sword." Only two such swords existed and were wielded by the King's two bodyguards, who always stood on either side of him and held the nobility title of Un'geom (운검: 雲劍).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Master swordsmen: </p> <ul><li>General <a href="/wiki/Kim_Yu-sin" title="Kim Yu-sin">Kim Yu-sin</a>, was said to have been given an engraved sword and sacred books by the gods, and helped to <a href="/wiki/Unified_Silla" title="Unified Silla">unify Korea</a> under <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a>. His most famous son, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Wonsul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Wonsul">Kim Wonsul</a>, was a noted swordsman who fought against the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> armies in the late <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms</a> period.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%27%C5%8Fk_Chun-gy%C5%8Fng" title="Ch'ŏk Chun-gyŏng">Ch'ŏk Chun-gyŏng</a> was a civil official and swordsman of Goryeo who became famous for his feats in the Jurchen Invasion of 1104.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baek_Dong-soo" class="mw-redirect" title="Baek Dong-soo">Baek Dong Soo</a> was a swordsman and martial artist who became a folk hero when his group protected <a href="/wiki/King_Jeongjo" class="mw-redirect" title="King Jeongjo">King Jeongjo</a> from assassination attempts. His most notable work, <i><a href="/wiki/Muyedobotongji" title="Muyedobotongji">Muyedobotongji</a></i> (illustrated manual of Korean martial arts).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_swords">Contemporary swords</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Contemporary swords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only by the mid-1990s did Korean swordmaking come back to expert levels comparable to the Joseon era.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>Haedong jingeom</i> (해동진검; 海東陣劍) This literally means 'East Asian Practical Sword' is the neologistic term for current-day swords for "revivals" of Korean swordsmanship. </p><p>Sword ownership in Korea is currently restricted (private weapons ownership was culturally frowned upon and largely restricted during other times in Korean history, particularly during the Joseon era and the Japanese occupation period - albeit for different reasons in either period), and there are very few traditional sword collectors in Korea today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> General/flag-grade officers are given dress swords upon assuming command in the South Korean army. Despite restrictions on sword ownership and a lingering social preference against armed martial arts (dating at least to the Joseon era), practical sword fighting is enjoying a small revival amongst elite military regiments, and fencing is once again attracting interest in Korean universities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sword_producers">Sword producers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sword producers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hong Seok-hyeon in Paju, Gyeonggi province, makes swords by hand.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lee Sang Seon in Munkyong City, Kyongsangbukdo Province</li> <li>Lee Eun-cheul in Yeoju, Kyonggi Province</li> <li>Kang Cheul Kyu in Pocheon, Kyongki Province <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dogum.co.kr/">전통한얼도검 제작소</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authentic_reproductions">Authentic reproductions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Authentic reproductions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, swords bestowed on newly promoted brigadier generals were changed from the single-edged curved ‘’samjeongdo’’, which was considered to be a traditional Korean sword, to the double-edged straight ‘’samjeong-geom‘’ claiming that the ‘’samjeongdo’’ is similar to the “Western sword” and not reflecting the traditional Korean sword. ‘’Samjeongdo’’ had been given to brigadier generals since 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2015, the Statue of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-Shin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi Sun-Shin">Yi Sun-Shin</a> erected in Parliament was replaced with a newly created authentic statue. The sword of the statue was longer than the traditional Korean sword and more resembled the Japanese sword. <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_swordsmanship" title="Korean swordsmanship">Korean swordsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_knife" title="Korean knife">Korean knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumdo" title="Kumdo">Kumdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwandudaedo" title="Hwandudaedo">Hwandudaedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_spears" title="Korean spears">Korean spears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_sword" title="Japanese sword">Japanese sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_sword" title="Indian sword">Indian sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_sword" title="Chinese sword">Chinese sword</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mylovefromsouthkorea.blogspot.com/2018/10/the-great-battle-of-salsu-river.html">"MY LOVE FROM SOUTH KOREA: The Great Battle of the Salsu River"</a>. <i>MY LOVE FROM SOUTH KOREA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MY+LOVE+FROM+SOUTH+KOREA&rft.atitle=MY+LOVE+FROM+SOUTH+KOREA%3A+The+Great+Battle+of+the+Salsu+River&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmylovefromsouthkorea.blogspot.com%2F2018%2F10%2Fthe-great-battle-of-salsu-river.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://korea.net/NewsFocus/policies/view?articleId=152890">"Take responsibility for national security: President Moon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Korea.net" title="Korea.net">Korea.net</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Korea.net&rft.atitle=Take+responsibility+for+national+security%3A+President+Moon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkorea.net%2FNewsFocus%2Fpolicies%2Fview%3FarticleId%3D152890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/12/720_242673.html">"Swordsmithing, Master restores ancient swordmaking skill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Times" title="The Korea Times">The Korea Times</a></i>. 2018-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Times&rft.atitle=Swordsmithing%2C+Master+restores+ancient+swordmaking+skill&rft.date=2018-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fnation%2F2019%2F12%2F720_242673.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111035632/http://www.museum.go.kr/program/relic/relicDetailEng.jsp?langCodeCon=LC2&menuID=002004001&relicID=7315&relicDetailID=29287">"Korean National Museum Accession Number Bongwan 14050"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum.go.kr/program/relic/relicDetailEng.jsp?langCodeCon=LC2&menuID=002004001&relicID=7315&relicDetailID=29287">the original</a> on 2016-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Korean+National+Museum+Accession+Number+Bongwan+14050&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museum.go.kr%2Fprogram%2Frelic%2FrelicDetailEng.jsp%3FlangCodeCon%3DLC2%26menuID%3D002004001%26relicID%3D7315%26relicDetailID%3D29287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2014/03/317_138624.html">Sword sparks debate</a>, The Korean Times, 4 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum.go.kr/site/program/board/galleryboard/view?boardtypeid=36&menuid=001007010004&boardid=18821">Discovery of the Silla Geumgwanchong Tomb "King Isaji" Sword Inscription</a> (museum.go.kr) 3 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">융원필비(1813). A Korean military manual and military book written by Park Jong-gyeong (박종경(朴宗慶), 1765 ~ 1817). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0042787">https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0042787</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《고려사》 충렬왕 3년(1277년) 4월 정묘조에, 원에서 사신 유홍(劉弘) · 홀노(忽奴)가 오자 왕이 이장무(李藏茂)를 충주(忠州)로 보내 환도 1천 자루를 함께 만들도록 했다. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://db.history.go.kr/goryeo/itemLevelKrList.do?itemId=kr">https://db.history.go.kr/goryeo/itemLevelKrList.do?itemId=kr</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《문종실록》 문종 1년 신미(1451년) 2월 25일조.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contents.history.go.kr/mobile/km/view.do?levelId=km_014_0050_0010_0020_0060">"우리역사넷"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%84%B7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontents.history.go.kr%2Fmobile%2Fkm%2Fview.do%3FlevelId%3Dkm_014_0050_0010_0020_0060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">조선시대 도검 연구의 현황과 과제http://kmu.k2web.co.kr/sites/museum/file/h11.pdf</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">성호사설 (星湖僿說, 1680) - 이익 (李, 1681-1763)<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://contents.history.go.kr/mobile/kc/view.do?levelId=kc_r300660&code=kc_age_30">http://contents.history.go.kr/mobile/kc/view.do?levelId=kc_r300660&code=kc_age_30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swordsofkorea.com/sword12.htm">"Swords Of Korea"</a>. <i>www.swordsofkorea.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.swordsofkorea.com&rft.atitle=Swords+Of+Korea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swordsofkorea.com%2Fsword12.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jinju.museum.go.kr/kor/html/sub02/020101.html">"국립진주박물관"</a>. <i>jinju.museum.go.kr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jinju.museum.go.kr&rft.atitle=%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EC%A7%84%EC%A3%BC%EB%B0%95%EB%AC%BC%EA%B4%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjinju.museum.go.kr%2Fkor%2Fhtml%2Fsub02%2F020101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">성종실록 (성종 22년, 1491년)"日本刀不同, 我國環刀更短且輕 (일본의 칼과 달리, 우리나라 환도는 길이가 더 짧고 무게가 가볍다.)" <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://sillok.history.go.kr/search/inspectionMonthList.do?id=kia">https://sillok.history.go.kr/search/inspectionMonthList.do?id=kia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">선조실록 (선조 25년, 1592년)"壬辰倭亂時, 討論環刀在戰鬥中之效用 (임진왜란 당시 일본도와의 전투에서 환도의 효용성을 논하다.)" <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://sillok.history.go.kr/search/inspectionMonthList.do?id=kna">https://sillok.history.go.kr/search/inspectionMonthList.do?id=kna</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">국립민속박물관 학술용역 보고서 - 한국 전통무기 조사 (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nfm.go.kr/_Upload/BALGANBOOK/386/00.pdf">https://www.nfm.go.kr/_Upload/BALGANBOOK/386/00.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">『원사(元史)』 권제94 고려열전(高麗列傳) "高麗士兵皆佩環刀，刀身短小而鋒利，便於近戰。(고려의 군사들은 모두 환도를 착용하였는데, 칼날은 짧고 예리하여 근접 전투에 편리하였다.)"<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=434890">https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=434890</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">『도곡집(陶谷集)』"予觀高麗武士所用環刀，其刃鋒利無比，實為奇器。(내가 보기에 고려 무사들이 사용하는 환도는 그 날이 매우 예리하여, 진정으로 훌륭한 무기였다.)"<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://jsg.aks.ac.kr/dir/view?catePath=수집분류%2F왕실%2F고서&dataId=LIB_113601">https://jsg.aks.ac.kr/dir/view?catePath=수집분류%2F왕실%2F고서&dataId=LIB_113601</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cha.go.kr/newsBbz/selectNewsBbzView.do;jsessionid=JlQxjG7EqIa2a07n18aSwqtviGROHL1frh1AqJaxbeXdQJ1bzLGxV2t21SOZbUGS.cha-was01_servlet_engine1?newsItemId=155704286&sectionId=b_sec_1&pageIndex=42&mn=NS_01_02_02&strWhere=&strValue=&sdate=&edate=">"국가유산청"</a>. <i>CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CULTURAL+HERITAGE+ADMINISTRATION&rft.atitle=%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%B0%EC%B2%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cha.go.kr%2FnewsBbz%2FselectNewsBbzView.do%3Bjsessionid%3DJlQxjG7EqIa2a07n18aSwqtviGROHL1frh1AqJaxbeXdQJ1bzLGxV2t21SOZbUGS.cha-was01_servlet_engine1%3FnewsItemId%3D155704286%26sectionId%3Db_sec_1%26pageIndex%3D42%26mn%3DNS_01_02_02%26strWhere%3D%26strValue%3D%26sdate%3D%26edate%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hcs.cha.go.kr/html/HtmlPage.do?pg=/n_hcs/library/library0302.jsp&mn=HCS_03_03_02&num=0401">"국가유산청 현충사 관리소"</a>. <i>hcs.cha.go.kr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hcs.cha.go.kr&rft.atitle=%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%B0%EC%B2%AD+%ED%98%84%EC%B6%A9%EC%82%AC+%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%86%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhcs.cha.go.kr%2Fhtml%2FHtmlPage.do%3Fpg%3D%2Fn_hcs%2Flibrary%2Flibrary0302.jsp%26mn%3DHCS_03_03_02%26num%3D0401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">길이가 무려 197.5센티미터로 어른 키보다 훨씬 큰 두 자루 칼이다. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://hcs.cha.go.kr/html/HtmlPage.do?pg=/n_hcs/library/library0302.jsp&mn=HCS_03_03_02&num=0401">https://hcs.cha.go.kr/html/HtmlPage.do?pg=/n_hcs/library/library0302.jsp&mn=HCS_03_03_02&num=0401</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">환도는 예도의 일종으로 허리에 차는 칼로서, 전체 길이는 1m 정도이다. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0064978">https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0064978</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-무기와_방어구_편-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-무기와_방어구_편_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">한국환상사전. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.megapass.co.kr/~ksy913/koreanfantasy_note2_new.htm">무기와 방어구 편</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718060353/http://home.megapass.co.kr/~ksy913/koreanfantasy_note2_new.htm">Archived</a> 2006-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swordsofkorea.com/swords.htm">"Swords Of Korea"</a>. <i>www.swordsofkorea.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.swordsofkorea.com&rft.atitle=Swords+Of+Korea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swordsofkorea.com%2Fswords.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartialartswords.com" class="citation web cs1">Martialartswords.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.martialartswords.com/products/korean-jikdo-sword">"Korean Jikdo Sword"</a>. <i>Martialartswords.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Martialartswords.com&rft.atitle=Korean+Jikdo+Sword&rft.au=Martialartswords.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.martialartswords.com%2Fproducts%2Fkorean-jikdo-sword&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated141-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated141_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated141_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts; YI Duk-moo1 & PARK Je-ga (1795); Trans: KIM Sang H; Turtle Press, 2000; Book 2, Chap 2 pg 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts; YI Duk-moo1 & PARK Je-ga (1795); Trans: KIM Sang H; Turtle Press, 2000; Book 2, Chap 1, pg 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts; YI Duk-moo1 & PARK Je-ga (1795); Trans: KIM Sang H; Turtle Press, 2000; Book 3, Chap 7, pg 283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts; YI Duk-moo1 & PARK Je-ga (1795); Trans: KIM Sang H; Turtle Press, 2000; Book 3, Chap 5, pg260</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chosun-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chosun_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chosun_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ancient Art of Korea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swordsofhonor.com/swords-blog/swords/swords-in-chosun-kingdom/">Swords in Chosun Kingdom</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725012237/http://swordsofhonor.com/swords-blog/swords/swords-in-chosun-kingdom/">Archived</a> 2015-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">JoongAng Daily. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://joongangdaily.joins.com/200504/03/200504031842211109900091009101.html">Keeping an ancient craft alive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051125043140/http://joongangdaily.joins.com/200504/03/200504031842211109900091009101.html">Archived</a> November 25, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gangnam.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?total_id=2282105&sc=&mc=">"[브리핑] 삼정도, 삼정검으로 바뀐다"</a> [Samjeongdo changed to samjeong-geom]. Joins.com. May 3, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5B%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%91%5D+%EC%82%BC%EC%A0%95%EB%8F%84%2C+%EC%82%BC%EC%A0%95%EA%B2%80%EC%9C%BC%EB%A1%9C+%EB%B0%94%EB%80%90%EB%8B%A4&rft.pub=Joins.com&rft.date=2006-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgangnam.joins.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FArticle.aspx%3Ftotal_id%3D2282105%26sc%3D%26mc%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170107004544/http://www.chosun.com/politics/news/200605/200605020147.html">"대통령 하사하는 칼, 삼정도서 삼정검으로"</a> [A sword bestowed by the president, Samjeongdo to samjeong-geom]. <a href="/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo" title="The Chosun Ilbo">The Chosun Ilbo</a>. May 2, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chosun.com/politics/news/200605/200605020147.html">the original</a> on 2017-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9+%ED%95%98%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94+%EC%B9%BC%2C+%EC%82%BC%EC%A0%95%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C+%EC%82%BC%EC%A0%95%EA%B2%80%EC%9C%BC%EB%A1%9C&rft.pub=The+Chosun+Ilbo&rft.date=2006-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chosun.com%2Fpolitics%2Fnews%2F200605%2F200605020147.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=3174766">"국회, 고증 논란 이순신 장군 동상 새로 설치"</a> [Parliament, historical research controversy installation of a new statue of Admiral Yi]. <a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">Korean Broadcasting System</a>. November 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EA%B5%AD%ED%9A%8C%2C+%EA%B3%A0%EC%A6%9D+%EB%85%BC%EB%9E%80+%EC%9D%B4%EC%88%9C%EC%8B%A0+%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%B0+%EB%8F%99%EC%83%81+%EC%83%88%EB%A1%9C+%EC%84%A4%EC%B9%98&rft.pub=Korean+Broadcasting+System&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.kbs.co.kr%2Fnews%2Fview.do%3Fncd%3D3174766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/448754.html">"광화문 이순신 장군 동상의 5대 문제점"</a> [Five issues of the statue of Admiral Yi at Gwanghwamun]. <a href="/wiki/The_Hankyoreh" title="The Hankyoreh">The Hankyoreh</a>. November 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EA%B4%91%ED%99%94%EB%AC%B8+%EC%9D%B4%EC%88%9C%EC%8B%A0+%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%B0+%EB%8F%99%EC%83%81%EC%9D%98+5%EB%8C%80+%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%90&rft.pub=The+Hankyoreh&rft.date=2010-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Fsociety%2Fsociety_general%2F448754.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+sword" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_sword&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Swords_of_Korea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Swords of Korea">Swords of Korea</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070225032214/http://www.swordsofkorea.com/main.htm">Swords of Korea</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050217224740/http://museum.kma.ac.kr/kor/museum/spe.htm">한국의 칼</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705224438/http://museum.kma.ac.kr/kor/museum/no1.htm">Stone Swords</a> (click on 유물보기 for pictures)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705224717/http://museum.kma.ac.kr/kor/museum/no2.htm">Bronze Swords</a> (click on 유물보기 for pictures)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050921054927/http://museum.kma.ac.kr/kor/museum/no3.htm">Swords with Ring Pommel</a> (click on 유물보기 for pictures)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050218140956/http://museum.kma.ac.kr/kor/museum/no4.htm">Joseon Period Swords</a> (click on 유물보기 for pictures)</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060513045119/http://chunghondang.com/sword.htm">전통도검</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060411191720/http://myhome.shinbiro.com/~kbyon/culture/sword.htm">Ancient Swords of Korea</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312110903/http://www.kybc.org/kybc_new2002/channel/gokybc/view/20021128.asp">한국의 칼 특별전</a> (includes a video of Korean swords)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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