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诰蹠跇賲丕乇 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠 - 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕貙 卅蹖賳爻丕蹖讴诘蹎倬蹖丿蹖丕蹖 卅丕夭丕丿
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<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns--1 ns-special mw-special-CreateAccount page-鬲丕蹖亘蹠鬲_丿乇賵爻鬲讴乇丿賳蹖_诰蹠跇賲丕乇 rootpage-鬲丕蹖亘蹠鬲_丿乇賵爻鬲讴乇丿賳蹖_诰蹠跇賲丕乇 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">亘蹎 賳丕賵蹠跁蹎讴 亘丕夭亘丿蹠</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="倬蹘诏蹠"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="倬蹘跁爻鬲蹖 爻蹠乇蹠讴蹖" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="鬲丕蹖亘蹠鬲:诏蹠跁丕賳"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">亘诏蹠跁蹘</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="卅丕賲跁丕夭蹠 鬲丕讴蹠讴蹠爻蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="跁賵丕诘蹠鬲"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb" class=""><span>亘蹠禺卮蹖賳 亘蹠 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item active user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C+%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%3A%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1" title="鬲蹎 诰丕賳 丿蹠丿乇蹘蹖鬲 讴蹠 诰蹠跇賲丕乇蹘讴 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠蹖鬲 賵 亘趩蹖鬲蹠 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠貙 卅蹠賲蹠 爻蹠乇蹠讴蹖 賳蹖蹖蹠 亘蹠诰蹠乇丨丕诘" class=""><span>诰蹠跇賲丕乇 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C+%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%3A%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1" title="倬蹘卮賳蹖丕乇鬲 倬蹘丿蹠讴乇蹘 亘趩蹖鬲蹠 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠貨 诰蹠乇趩蹠賳丿蹠 夭蹎乇鬲 賱蹘賳丕讴乇蹘 [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>亘趩蹎 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="诰蹠诘亘跇丕乇丿蹠蹖 夭蹖丕鬲乇" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="卅丕賲跁丕夭蹠 鬲丕讴蹠讴蹠爻蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">卅丕賲跁丕夭蹠 鬲丕讴蹠讴蹠爻蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb"><span>亘蹠禺卮蹖賳 亘蹠 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item active"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C+%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%3A%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1" title="鬲蹎 诰丕賳 丿蹠丿乇蹘蹖鬲 讴蹠 诰蹠跇賲丕乇蹘讴 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠蹖鬲 賵 亘趩蹖鬲蹠 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠貙 卅蹠賲蹠 爻蹠乇蹠讴蹖 賳蹖蹖蹠 亘蹠诰蹠乇丨丕诘"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>诰蹠跇賲丕乇 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C+%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%3A%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1" title="倬蹘卮賳蹖丕乇鬲 倬蹘丿蹠讴乇蹘 亘趩蹖鬲蹠 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠貨 诰蹠乇趩蹠賳丿蹠 夭蹎乇鬲 賱蹘賳丕讴乇蹘 [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>亘趩蹎 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 卅蹠賵 倬蹠跁丕賳蹠蹖 亘蹎 卅蹠賵 丿蹠爻鬲讴丕乇蹖讴蹠乇丕賳蹠賳 讴蹠 賱蹠丿蹠乇蹠賵蹠賳 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" aria-label="夭蹖丕鬲乇 賱蹠爻蹠乇 丿蹠爻鬲讴丕乇蹖讴乇丿賳 賮蹘乇 亘蹠"><span>夭蹖丕鬲乇 賮蹘乇 亘蹠</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85" title="倬蹘跁爻鬲蹖 卅蹠賵 丿蹠爻鬲讴丕乇蹖蹖丕賳蹠蹖 賱蹠賲 賳丕賵賳蹖卮丕賳蹖 卅丕蹖-倬蹖蹖蹠賵蹠 讴乇丕賵蹠 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>亘蹠卮丿丕乇蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="賱蹘丿賵丕賳 賱蹠爻蹠乇 丿蹠爻鬲讴丕乇蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳 賱蹠賲 卅丕蹖倬蹖 卅蹠丿乇蹠爻蹠賵蹠 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>賱蹘丿賵丕賳</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="倬蹘诏蹠"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">诰蹠跇賲丕乇 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠</h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="卮賵蹘賳賳丕賵蹠讴丕賳"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">讴賵乇丿蹖</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="亘蹖賳蹖賳蹠讴丕賳"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="卅丕賲乇丕夭蹠讴丕賳蹖 倬蹠跁蹠"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="卅丕賲乇丕夭蹠讴丕賳" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">卅丕賲乇丕夭蹠讴丕賳</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">卅丕賲乇丕夭蹠讴丕賳</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">亘禺蹠 賱丕鬲蹠賳蹖卮鬲</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">亘卮丕乇蹠賵蹠</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 讴乇丿蹠賵蹠讴丕賳 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 诏卮鬲蹖 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ckb" title="倬蹠跁诏蹠讴丕賳 亘丕乇 亘讴蹠 [u]" accesskey="u"><span>倬蹠跁诏蹠蹖蹠讴 亘丕乇 亘讴蹠</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="倬蹘跁爻鬲蹖 诰蹠賲賵賵 倬蹠跁蹠 鬲丕蹖亘蹠鬲蹠讴丕賳 [q]" accesskey="q"><span>倬蹠跁蹠 鬲丕蹖亘蹠鬲蹠讴丕賳</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="賵蹠卮丕賳蹖 趩丕倬蹖 卅蹠賲 倬蹠跁蹠蹖蹠 [p]" accesskey="p"><span>賵蹠卮丕賳蹖 卅丕賲丕丿蹠蹖 趩丕倬</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25A8%25DB%2595%25D8%25AA%3A%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25DA%25BE%25DB%2595%25DA%2598%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%26returnto%3D%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%2B%25D9%25BE%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%253A%25D9%2585%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%2B%25D8%25AA%25DB%2595%25DA%25A9%25D9%2586%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%25DB%2586%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%26returntoquery%3Daction%253Dedit%2526redlink%253D1"><span>亘蹠爻鬲蹠乇蹖 讴賵乇鬲讴乇丕賵蹠 亘蹠丿蹠爻鬲 亘蹘賳蹠</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25A8%25DB%2595%25D8%25AA%3A%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25DA%25BE%25DB%2595%25DA%2598%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%26returnto%3D%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%2B%25D9%25BE%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%253A%25D9%2585%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%2B%25D8%25AA%25DB%2595%25DA%25A9%25D9%2586%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%25DB%2586%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%26returntoquery%3Daction%253Dedit%2526redlink%253D1"><span>讴蹎丿蹖 讴蹖賵卅丕跁 丿丕诏乇蹠</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賱蹠 倬跁蹎跇蹠讴丕賳蹖 鬲乇 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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