CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="oc" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Preson — Wikipèdia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ocwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"oc normal","wgMonthNames":["","genièr","febrièr","març","abril","mai","junh","julhet","agost","setembre","octobre","novembre","decembre"],"wgRequestId":"7a92c221-468d-478f-a90e-b9d751464841","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Preson","wgTitle":"Preson","wgCurRevisionId":2409619,"wgRevisionId":2409619,"wgArticleId":167552,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Preson","wgRelevantArticleId":167552,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"oc","pageLanguageDir": "ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"oc"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q40357","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg/1200px-La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="899"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg/800px-La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg/640px-La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Preson — Wikipèdia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preson"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificar" href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipèdia (oc)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//oc.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preson"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.oc"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Preson rootpage-Preson skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vejatz lo contengut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menut principal/Menut principau" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menut principal/Menut principau</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menut principal/Menut principau</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'enciclopèdia liura" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-oc.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Rec%C3%A8rca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Preson" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Preson" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Preson" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Preson" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_contribucions" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Objectius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objectius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Objectius</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Objectius-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Objectius</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Objectius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolucion_dins_l'istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolucion_dins_l'istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Evolucion dins l'istòria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolucion_dins_l'istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Una_pena_inexistente_dins_l'Antiquitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Una_pena_inexistente_dins_l'Antiquitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Una pena inexistente dins l'Antiquitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Una_pena_inexistente_dins_l'Antiquitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'emmurralhament,_peniténcia_per_l'Inquisicion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'emmurralhament,_peniténcia_per_l'Inquisicion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>L'emmurralhament, peniténcia per l'Inquisicion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'emmurralhament,_peniténcia_per_l'Inquisicion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Una_pena_preventiva_en_espera_del_jutjament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Una_pena_preventiva_en_espera_del_jutjament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Una pena preventiva en espera del jutjament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Una_pena_preventiva_en_espera_del_jutjament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Susvelhar_e_castigar,_o_la_naissença_de_la_preson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Susvelhar_e_castigar,_o_la_naissença_de_la_preson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Susvelhar e castigar, o la naissença de la preson</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Susvelhar_e_castigar,_o_la_naissença_de_la_preson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categorizacion_dels_detenguts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categorizacion_dels_detenguts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Categorizacion dels detenguts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categorizacion_dels_detenguts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Las_penas_de_substitucion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Las_penas_de_substitucion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Las penas de substitucion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Las_penas_de_substitucion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Drech</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Drech-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Drech</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Drech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preson_e_drechs_de_l'òme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preson_e_drechs_de_l'òme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Preson e drechs de l'òme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preson_e_drechs_de_l'òme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Criticas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Criticas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_vida_dins_las_presons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_vida_dins_las_presons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>La vida dins las presons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_vida_dins_las_presons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abolicionisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abolicionisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Abolicionisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abolicionisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reduccionisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reduccionisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Reduccionisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reduccionisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Los_mutins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Los_mutins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Los mutins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Los_mutins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Los_còsts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Los_còsts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Los còsts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Los_còsts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Per_país" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Per_país"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Per país</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Per_país-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Nòtas e referéncias</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nòtas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Nòtas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vejatz_tanben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vejatz_tanben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vejatz tanben</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vejatz_tanben-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Vejatz tanben</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vejatz_tanben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams_extèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ligams extèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Preson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 112 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tronk" title="Tronk - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tronk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garchola" title="Garchola - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Garchola" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%86" title="سجن - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سجن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%92%DC%98%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܚܒܘܫܝܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܒܘܫܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="حبس - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حبس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%86" title="سجن - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سجن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1rcel" title="Cárcel - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cárcel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mut%C3%BCwi" title="Mutüwi - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Mutüwi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99bsxana" title="Həbsxana - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Həbsxana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زیندان - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زیندان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C4%97n%C4%ABs" title="Kalėnīs - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kalėnīs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Турма - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Турма - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Затвор - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Затвор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কারাগার - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কারাগার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toull-bac%27h" title="Toull-bac'h - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Toull-bac'h" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zatvor" title="Zatvor - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zatvor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pres%C3%B3" title="Presó - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Presó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilanggoan" title="Bilanggoan - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bilanggoan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="بەندیخانە - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەندیخانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%9Bznice" title="Věznice - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Věznice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Тĕрме - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕрме" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carchar" title="Carchar - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carchar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A6ngsel" title="Fængsel - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fængsel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gef%C3%A4ngnis" title="Gefängnis - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gefängnis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Φυλακή - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυλακή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison" title="Prison - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Prison" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malliberejo" title="Malliberejo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malliberejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisi%C3%B3n" title="Prisión - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prisión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangla" title="Vangla - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vangla" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espetxe" title="Espetxe - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espetxe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زندان - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زندان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vankila" title="Vankila - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vankila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fongsul" title="Fongsul - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fongsul" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison" title="Prison - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prison" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finzenis" title="Finzenis - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Finzenis" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADos%C3%BAn" title="Príosún - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Príosún" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A2%E7%9B%A3" title="牢監 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="牢監" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ACosan" title="Prìosan - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Prìosan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_penitenciario" title="Centro penitenciario - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Centro penitenciario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaatset" title="Kaatset - wayú" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Kaatset" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="wayú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A8" title="בית סוהר - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית סוהר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="कारागार - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कारागार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zatvor" title="Zatvor - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zatvor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fegyh%C3%A1z" title="Fegyház - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fegyház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Բանտ - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Բանտ - arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բանտ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjara" title="Penjara - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penjara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbaludan" title="Pagbaludan - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagbaludan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karcero" title="Karcero - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karcero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangelsi" title="Fangelsi - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fangelsi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prigione" title="Prigione - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prigione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%91%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80" title="刑務所 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="刑務所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakunjaran" title="Pakunjaran - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pakunjaran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takurmut" title="Takurmut - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Takurmut" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Абақты - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Абақты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%B9" title="ಕಾರಾಗೃಹ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರಾಗೃಹ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EB%8F%84%EC%86%8C" title="교도소 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교도소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%B2%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81%D9%95" title="قٲد خانہٕ - cashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="قٲد خانہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girt%C3%AEgeh" title="Girtîgeh - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Girtîgeh" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%A9" title="Түрмө - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түрмө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcer" title="Carcer - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carcer" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bol%C3%B3ko" title="Bolóko - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bolóko" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C4%97jimas" title="Kalėjimas - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalėjimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cietums" title="Cietums - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cietums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandang_situmbin" title="Kandang situmbin - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kandang situmbin" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Затвор - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Затвор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD" title="ജയിൽ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജയിൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तुरुंग - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुरुंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjara" title="Penjara - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penjara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အကျဉ်းထောင် - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အကျဉ်းထောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Умория - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Умория" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="कारागार - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कारागार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gevangenis" title="Gevangenis - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gevangenis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fengsel" title="Fengsel - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fengsel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fengsel" title="Fengsel - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fengsel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9" title="ਜੇਲ੍ਹ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇਲ੍ਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C5%82ad_karny" title="Zakład karny - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zakład karny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84" title="جیل - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penitenci%C3%A1ria" title="Penitenciária - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Penitenciária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samk%27ay_wasi" title="Samk'ay wasi - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Samk'ay wasi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Enchisoare" title="Închisoare - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Închisoare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Тюрьма - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тюрьма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0rzari" title="Càrzari - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Càrzari" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preeson" title="Preeson - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Preeson" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zatvor" title="Zatvor - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zatvor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB" title="බන්ධනාගාර - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බන්ධනාගාර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison" title="Prison - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prison" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4znica" title="Väznica - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Väznica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapor" title="Zapor - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zapor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgu" title="Burgu - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Burgu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Затвор - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Затвор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anstalt_(kriminalv%C3%A5rd)" title="Anstalt (kriminalvård) - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anstalt (kriminalvård)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereza" title="Gereza - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="சிறைச்சாலை - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிறைச்சாலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="కారాగారం - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కారాగారం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3" title="เรือนจำ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรือนจำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezaevi" title="Cezaevi - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cezaevi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Домзак - tuvinià" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Домзак" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="В'язниця - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="В'язниця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81" title="قید خانہ - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قید خانہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turma" title="Turma - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezon" title="Prezon - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Prezon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_t%C3%B9" title="Nhà tù - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà tù" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prijhon" title="Prijhon - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Prijhon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisuhan" title="Prisuhan - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Prisuhan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1" title="监狱 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="监狱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A2" title="טורמע - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טורמע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E7%8D%84" title="監獄 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="監獄" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%B9%E5%9C%84" title="囹圄 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="囹圄" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%E2%81%BF-ga%CC%8Dk" title="Kaⁿ-ga̍k - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kaⁿ-ga̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E7%8D%84" title="監獄 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="監獄" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40357#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Preson" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Preson&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Preson"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bóstia d'aisinas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bóstia d'aisinas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aisinas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai d'opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Preson"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=history"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generau </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_ligadas/Preson" title="Lista de las paginas ligadas a aquesta. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paginas connèxas</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguit_dels_ligams/Preson" rel="nofollow" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments de las paginas ligadas a aquesta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seguit dels ligams</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc" title="Mandar un imatge o fichièr mèdia sul servidor [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Importar un fichièr</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas" title="Lista de totas las paginas especialas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&oldid=2409619" title="Ligam permanent cap a aquesta version de la pagina"><span>Ligam permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=info" title="Mai d’informacion sus aquesta pagina"><span>Informacion sus la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Preson&id=2409619&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacions sus cossí citar aquesta pagina"><span>Citar aqueste article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPreson"><span>Obténer una URL acorchida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPreson"><span>Telecargar lo còdi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir / exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Preson"><span>Crear un libre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Preson&action=show-download-screen"><span>Telecargar coma PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&printable=yes" title="Version imprimibla d'aquesta pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimibla</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dins d'autres projèctes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jail" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40357" title="Ligam cap a l’element de referencial de las donadas connectadas [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg/220px-La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg/330px-La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg/440px-La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>La prison de la Santat, <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Una <b>preson</b> o un <b>carcer</b> es un luòc d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presoni%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presonièr (la pagina existís pas)">empresonament</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objectius">Objectius</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Objectius" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Objectius"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Prison-37.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Prison-37.jpg/220px-Prison-37.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Prison-37.jpg/330px-Prison-37.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Prison-37.jpg/440px-Prison-37.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="1434" /></a><figcaption>Preson de La Tuilière a Lonay, <a href="/wiki/Canton_de_Vaud" title="Canton de Vaud">Vaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">Soïssa</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ara">Ara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Ara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ara"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las foncions de las presons varian segon los epòcas e las societats. Mai sovent, s'agís: </p> <ul><li>de castigar una persona reconeguda copabla d'una pèca d'una cèrta <a href="/wiki/Infraccion" title="Infraccion">gravetat</a>;</li> <li>d'aparar la societat de las personas dangierosas;</li> <li>de descoratjar las gents de realizar d'actes interdits per la lei;</li> <li>d’obligar lo detengut de far peniténcia;</li> <li>d'incitar lo detengut a contunhar d'estudis o una activitat destinada a lo reïncerir o a lo reabilitar;</li> <li>de neutralizar los opausants politics (dins los regims dictatorials);</li> <li>d'empachar de prevenguts de fugir o de damatjar lor futur procès (se dich alara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Detencion_preventiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detencion preventiva (la pagina existís pas)">detencion preventiva</a>).</li></ul> <p>Autrescòps, dins la preson tanben s'embarravan los <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1_mentala" title="Malautiá mentala">malauts mentals</a> de biais a los isolar de la societat. Ara, la majoritat dels païses tenon d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Espital_psiquiatric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espital psiquiatric (la pagina existís pas)">espitals psiquiatrics</a> mas las presons contenon una populacion pro importanta de personas patissent de trèbles mentals. </p><p>Son atribuits subretot set principis a la preson: </p> <ul><li><i>castig</i>: emendament, remplaçament social;</li> <li><i>classificacion</i>: destriament dins d'etabliments penitenciairis segon diferents critèris (edat, sèxe, <a href="/wiki/Infraccion" title="Infraccion">gravitat de l'acte</a>, etc.) ;</li> <li><i>modulacion</i>: que lo debanament de la pena passa par diferentas estapas (privacion de libertat, assignacion a résidéncia seguida de liberacion condicionala abans la libertat);</li> <li><i>trabalh</i>: coma obligacion e coma drech (tot condamnat a drech de trabalhar puslèu que l'obligacion de trabalhar), lo trabalh penitenciairi<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> poiriá contribuir a la reïnsercion professionala dels detenguts<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li><i>educacion</i>: lo tractament d'un condamnat a per objectiu sa resocializacion (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erving_Goffman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erving Goffman (la pagina existís pas)">Erving Goffman</a> pretendèt que, al contrari, aquestas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institucion_totala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institucion totala (la pagina existís pas)">institucions totalas</a> puslèu que de tornar socializar los individús, poirián provocar per el una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aculturacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aculturacion (la pagina existís pas)">aculturacion</a> entraïnant son incapacitat a se tornar adaptar a la societat ambianta);</li> <li><i>contraròtle</i>: demanda un personal especializat;</li> <li><i>institucions annèxas</i>: cal una assistença donada al detengut per sa sortida de preson, al moment de la vertadièra novèla socializacion.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolucion_dins_l'istòria"><span id="Evolucion_dins_l.27ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Evolucion dins l'istòria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Evolucion dins l'istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Evolucion dins l'istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Una_pena_inexistente_dins_l'Antiquitat"><span id="Una_pena_inexistente_dins_l.27Antiquitat"></span>Una pena inexistente dins l'Antiquitat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Una pena inexistente dins l'Antiquitat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Una pena inexistente dins l'Antiquitat"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_II_Ill_022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_II_Ill_022.png/220px-Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_II_Ill_022.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_II_Ill_022.png/330px-Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_II_Ill_022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_II_Ill_022.png/440px-Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_II_Ill_022.png 2x" data-file-width="1761" data-file-height="1945" /></a><figcaption>Talh esquematic de la preson del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tullianum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tullianum (la pagina existís pas)">Tullianum</a>. Lo croton inferior es tradicionalament aqueste dels condamnats a mòrt</figcaption></figure> <p>Dins l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman">Empèri roman</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> la preson existissiá pas vertadièrament: quand i a privacion de libertat, la detencion se realiza sonque a títol accessòri, es a dire dins l'espèra d'un jutjament o d'una execucion. Mai sovent, l'embarrament es de corta durada, d'unes jorns a unes meses (pasmens se en <a href="/wiki/Drech_roman" title="Drech roman">drech roman</a>, lo jutge essent encargat de fixar la data de l'execucion en cas de <a href="/wiki/Pena_de_m%C3%B2rt" title="Pena de mòrt">pena de mòrt</a>, aquèsta pòt <i>de facto</i> se transformar de biais de pena de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson_a_perpetuitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preson a perpetuitat (la pagina existís pas)">preson a perpetuitat</a>, non prevista pels tèxtes). </p><p>Lo sistèma penal prevei la reduccion en esclavatge per deutes; es tanben l'astre reservat als <a href="/wiki/Presonier_de_gu%C3%A8rra" title="Presonier de guèrra">prisonièrs de guèrra</a>. </p><p>Atal, pendnet tot aqueste periòde e fins a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauta_edat_mejana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauta edat mejana (la pagina existís pas)">Nauta edat mejana</a> la preson existís pas coma pena, nimai coma institucion: es pas previst dins los budgèts, e son existéncia se limita al <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">carcer</span></i> roman<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a unes <a href="/wiki/Donjon" title="Donjon">donjons</a> e a la « preson per deutes », qu'es una detencion preventiva per objectiu de contrénher lo condamnat a pagar sos deutes e non pas realizat un castig.  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'emmurralhament,_peniténcia_per_l'Inquisicion"><span id="L.27emmurralhament.2C_penit.C3.A9ncia_per_l.27Inquisicion"></span>L'emmurralhament, peniténcia per l'Inquisicion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : L'emmurralhament, peniténcia per l'Inquisicion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'emmurralhament, peniténcia per l'Inquisicion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D'un autre costat, a partir del sègle XIII, la preson coma pena repressiva e « terapeutica » se desvelopa per las leis secularas (rei, vilas que prescrivon l'embarrament dins las presons laïcas, de la jaula al croton)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mas tanben pel <a href="/wiki/Drech_canonic" title="Drech canonic">drech canonic</a> (embarramement dins los monastèris), la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica_Romana" title="Glèisa Catolica Romana">Glèisa romana</a> avent pas lo drech de prononciar de penas de mòrt. Dins los monastèris pendent lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cap%C3%ADtol_(religion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capítol (religion) (la pagina existís pas)">capítol de colpa</a>, lo monge deu avoar sa peca (sa colpa) en front de sos fraires: senon, es per la delacion qu'es coneguda una peca, publicament, dins la comunautat. A la seguida de la reconeissença de la peca, la sanccion cai: es fixada per la règla monastica e va d'una sanccion leugièra cap a l'excomunicacion. Aquesta s'acompanha d'una pena d'embarramement; o dins sa cèla, o dins un croton. La pena es pas un simple castig: es tanben lo rescat e la promesa d'emendament del colpable, çò permet de modular la sanccion segon lo repentir e lo perdon acordat, gatge de reconciliacion<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Inquisicion" title="Inquisicion">Inquisicion</a>, utiliza las règlas monasticas amb <a href="/wiki/Bernat_Gui" title="Bernat Gui">Bernat Gui</a>, subretot, dins sa luta contra los <a href="/wiki/Catarisme" title="Catarisme">catars</a>, fa la dralha a la procedura inquisitoriala encara en vigor amb lo jutge d'instruccion e la pena de reclusion de longa durada en preson (pena discrecionària de l'inquisitor, que la durada e las modalitats son pas conegudas del condamnat). Aquestas practicas contunhan, las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oficialitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oficialitat (la pagina existís pas)">oficialitats</a> e <a href="/wiki/Inquisicion" title="Inquisicion">tribunals d’inquisicion</a> podent condamnar de laïcs a la preson<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Las penas èran moduladas de l'emmuralhament o emprisonament  cap a un esstatut comparable a la residéncia susvelhada. La pena d'empresonament podava tanben èsser comuda en obligacion de realizar un pelegrinatge, mai sovent en Tèrra Santa, o en condamnacion a une emenda<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tanben existissiá un agravament ultim la <i>carcer strictissimus</i>, ont lo condamnat èra encadenat dins un croton e privat de tot contacte fins a sa mòrt<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Una_pena_preventiva_en_espera_del_jutjament">Una pena preventiva en espera del jutjament</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Una pena preventiva en espera del jutjament" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Una pena preventiva en espera del jutjament"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:LaForcePrisonParis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/LaForcePrisonParis.jpg/275px-LaForcePrisonParis.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/LaForcePrisonParis.jpg/412px-LaForcePrisonParis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/LaForcePrisonParis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Preson de La Force, carrièra de Saint-Antoine a <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a>. L'avent visitada en 1783, lo reformator anglés <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Howard_(philanthrope)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Howard (philanthrope) (la pagina existís pas)">John Howard</a> declara alara: « Los debitors son ara enviats dins la novèla preson de l'ostal de la Force, e los criminals a la Conciergeria o al <a href="/wiki/Gran_Casteret_de_Par%C3%ADs" title="Gran Casteret de París">gran Castelet</a>. La declaracion del rei, qu'anoncia aqueste cambiament, conten unes sentiments dels mai umans e dels mai enlusits a vejaire de l'administracion de las presons; sus la necessitat d'i establir d'infirmariá espaciosas e airadas per i plaçar los malauts; sus aquela qu'exigís que los colpables i sián destriats, qu'i aja de cort pels òmes, de corts per las femnas e pels prisonièrs de las diferentas classas. S'i anoncia l'abolicion entièra dels crotons sosterrens; e se la fonda sus aqueste principi, qu'es injust qu'aquestes que pòdon èsser inocents, subiscan primièrs lo castig dels colpables<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. »</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Monnaie_interne_%C3%A0_l%27ancienne_prison_saint_Lazarre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Monnaie_interne_%C3%A0_l%27ancienne_prison_saint_Lazarre.jpg/220px-Monnaie_interne_%C3%A0_l%27ancienne_prison_saint_Lazarre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Monnaie_interne_%C3%A0_l%27ancienne_prison_saint_Lazarre.jpg/330px-Monnaie_interne_%C3%A0_l%27ancienne_prison_saint_Lazarre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Monnaie_interne_%C3%A0_l%27ancienne_prison_saint_Lazarre.jpg/440px-Monnaie_interne_%C3%A0_l%27ancienne_prison_saint_Lazarre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>Moneda intèrna a l'anciana preson de saint Lazare.</figcaption></figure> <p>En 1670, la Granda Ordonança volguda per Loís XIV, considèra que l'empresonament constituissiá pas una pena mas una mesura preventiva, en espèra del jutjament o d'un castig. Se dich alara de « presa de còrs », definida per exemple per Guyot (1728-1816) dins son <i>Répertoire de jurisprudence</i>: </p> <blockquote><p>« Es l'accion per que se sasit un òme al còrs per quin que siá afar criminal, en vertut d'un decrèt o ordonança del jutge. […] Per decretar un accusat de Presa de còrs, cal non solament que lo crime qu'es question merite una pena aflictiva o infamanta, mas encara qu'i aja contra l'accusat una pròva o al mens una mièjapròva resultanta d'una informacion prealabla. L'article 8 del títol 10 de l'ordonança del mes d'agost de 1670 admet pasmens diferentas excepcions a aquesta règla… »</p></blockquote> <p>Dins la dintrada <i>« Prison »</i>, ont Guyot s'insurgís contra las malas condicions de detencion e s'estona de la persisténcia dels crotons, definís la preson coma: </p> <blockquote><p>« luòc de seguretat ont se reten l'accusat que meritèt que se decernisca contra el un decret de presa de còrs, e lo debitor contra que foguèt rendut un jutjament que lo condamne per còrs a pagar una quita soma, a que satisfaguèt pas. La Preson essent pas instituida per la lei coma un sejorn de pena, deuriá pas donar a aqueste qu'i es retengut d'autra contradiccion qu'aquesta d'èsser privat de libertat. »</p></blockquote> <p>Soslinha pasmens dins aqueste article l'existéncia d'unas excepcions: </p> <blockquote><p>« Malgrat qu'avèm dich que la Preson dega pas èsser considerat coma una pena, es pasmens verai que s'infligís per forma de correccion a aquestes que son arrestats jos l'òrdre del rei, o de la polícia, e que, après aver subit una captivitat mai o mens longa en proporcion de lor delit, son renduts a la libertat.</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>I a de cas, fòrça rares de vertat, ont un acusat es condamnat a la Preson perpetuala; mas es pas qu'una comutacion d'una pena mai fòrta, tal qu'aquesta de las galèras, o de la pena de mòrt, e es prononciada per letras del prince. »</p></blockquote> <p>La iérarquia sociala se torna veire dins las prisons d'Ancian Regim que comprenon dos quartièrs, lo quartièr del Comun (paures dormant sus la palha) e lo quartièr de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pist%C3%B2la&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pistòla (la pagina existís pas)">pistòla</a> (rics pagant al jaulièr de costs de jaulatge per dispausar d'una cambra destriada e autras commoditats: manjar, beure, legir)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Susvelhar_e_castigar,_o_la_naissença_de_la_preson"><span id="Susvelhar_e_castigar.2C_o_la_naissen.C3.A7a_de_la_preson"></span>Susvelhar e castigar, o la naissença de la preson</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Susvelhar e castigar, o la naissença de la preson" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Susvelhar e castigar, o la naissença de la preson"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:DorchesterPen2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/DorchesterPen2.jpg/220px-DorchesterPen2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/DorchesterPen2.jpg/330px-DorchesterPen2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/DorchesterPen2.jpg/440px-DorchesterPen2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>Lo Penitencièr de Dorchester al <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2u_Brunswick" title="Nòu Brunswick">Nòu Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a>, que fa partit del Servici correccional del Canadà. Mes en foncion en 1880 coma peison de seguritat maximala, sevís en 2010 de luòc de detencion de nivèl mejan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dins son celèbre obratge <i>Surveiller et punir</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Foucault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Foucault (la pagina existís pas)">Michel Foucault</a> indica que son utilizacion coma pena sanccionant la delinquéncia es un fenomèn recent que s'instituèt de fach pendent lo sègle XIX, alara que primièrament la preson èran utlizada sonque per téner los prisonièrs en espèra d'una pena veraia, suplici, execucion o fòrabandiment. Los prisonièrs èran tenguts dins un mèsme espaci amb lors afars personals e devián pagar lor noiritura. La desorganizacion èra tala que los suspèctes d'un mèsme afar podavan aisidament s'entendre sus una version dels fachs abans lor procès. </p><p>Michel Foucault cita lo Grand Embarrament o encara La Nau dels fòls coma exemples particulars de privacion de libertat anteriors a l'epòca modèrna. Al contrari de la preson qu'establís una pena a la mesura de la peca, s'agissiá de fenomèns d'exclusion ont las populacions desviantas (delinquents, fòls, malauts, orfans, vagabonds, prostituidas, etc.) èran embarrats forra-borra fòra del vejaire de las gents onèstas sens autra ambicion que de los far desaparéisser. </p><p>L'emergéncia de la prison se faguèt amn una mesa al secret del tractament de la delinquéncia. Las execucions publicas se tenguèron dins de luòcs sempre mai discrets fins a èsser totalament retirats de la vista de la fola. Los suplicis considerats coma barbars devián èsser remplaçat per quicòm mai. Foucault indica que la causida de la preson es puslèu una causida per manca, a una epòca ont la problematica èra encara fòrça majoritàriament de castigar lo delinquent; la privacion de libertat èra la tecnica coercitiva mai evidenta e mens barbara que se podava imatginar. Afirma que dempuèi lo començament l'eficacitat de la preson foguèt discutida. </p><p>La preson evoluiguèt sul còp, venguèt çò que Foucault nomena una institucion disciplinària, son organizacion aven per objectiu un contraròtle total del prisonièr per una susvelhança discrèta de totes los instants<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Trobèt dins l'idèa del <a href="/wiki/Panoptic" title="Panoptic">panoptic</a> de <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a> la perfiècha illustracion de la novèla tecnica carcerala. </p><p>L'analisi de Foucaud foguèt discutida e completada, per exemple amb las òbras de sociologia de l'experiéncia carcerala de Gilles Chantraine. Per el, se lo castig existís pas mai, a pasmens daissat la plaça a una autra forma de castig del còrs, prenent una forma mens violenta e en acòrdi amb las valors de las democracias occidentalas. </p><p>Las ambicions per la preson evoluèron amb lo temps. Pauc a pauc, l'idèa que lo presonièr deviá reparar lo mal qu'aviá fach a la societat emergiguèt dins los esperits. L'empresonament deviá donc s'acompanhar de trabalh, lo delinquent pagava en preson un deute, non pas a sas victimas mas a la societat tota, que son comportament aviá greujat. Après aver fach son temps e pagat son deute lo delinquent podava ne sortir blanquit per prene una partença novèla. Aquí encara l'aplicacion d'aqueste ideal foguèt pas considerada coma una capitada. </p><p>Una quatrena vision de la preson coma luòc de reeducacion es ara desaparegut. La preson aviá alara l'ambicion de cambiar los delinquents per los adaptar a la vida normala en societat. L'idèa fòrta èra aquesta del redreçament, donar una forma que cal a de delinquants qu'aurián « crescut de travèrs ». </p><p>La preson d'uèi es un eritatge d'aquestes ideals que ne s'exclusisson pas, la preson se justifica mai o mens segon los luòcs e los periòdes segon aquestes quatre ideals de l'embarrament. </p><p>Quand la privacion de libertat s'impausa al sègle XIX coma la clau de vòlta del sistèma penal, lo debat sus las modalitats d'administracion de la pena d'embarrament se pausa dins de tèrmes identics dins l'ensemble dels païses occidentals. S'inscriu dins la seguida de las reflexions dels juristas (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Beccaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cesare Beccaria (la pagina existís pas)">Cesare Beccaria</a>) e dels filantròps (<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Howard_(philanthrope)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Howard (philanthrope) (la pagina existís pas)">John Howard</a>) del <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_de_las_Luses" title="Sègle de las Luses">sègle de las Luses</a> e alara se crea d'organismes dedicats, coma la Societat reiala per la melhoracion de las presons en França (1819). Aqueste expertisa se pièja sus un veritadièr « torisme penitenciari »<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que l'arquetipe es la seria de viatges realizats per <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Howard_(philanthrope)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Howard (philanthrope) (la pagina existís pas)">John Howard</a>, que percors de 1773 a 1777 l'Euròpa entièra, de la Russia al Portugal, per examinar los diferents sistèmas penitenciaeis<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Al Sègle XIX, lo passatge pels Estats-Units d'America s'impausa coma una estapa obligada per aquestas inspeccions comparativas, coma fa lo testimòni lo viatge començat per <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Alexis de Tocqueville</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustave_de_Beaumont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustave de Beaumont (la pagina existís pas)">Gustave de Beaumont</a>, qu'es la matèria de lor libre, <i>Del sistèma penitenciari als Estats-Units e de son aplicacion</i> (1832). La preson genèra una literatura abondanta e un ret de correspondéncia internacional que trapa dins las annadas 1840 un encastre d'expression institucionalizat amb l'organizacion los primièrs congreses penitenciairis internacionals<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Aquestes debats s'organizan a l'entorn de dos grands pòls: un corrent filantropic que, portat per l'optimisme de las Luces sus las capacitats d'emendament de l'èsser uman, vòl far de la preson un luòc de redempcion e de reforma del condamnat; un corrent mai pessimista que, dobtant de la plasticitat de la natura umana, concep primièr la preson coma un luòc de peniténcia ont lo prisonièr deura purgar son deute al vejaire de la societat. Aquestas doas posicions s'exprimissonja dins los debats <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Francesa" title="Revolucion Francesa">revolucionairis</a> al subjècte del còdi penal de 1791: d'un costat, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Michel_Lepeletier_de_Saint-Fargeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Michel Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau (la pagina existís pas)">Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau</a> estima que la preson ofrís al condamnat « amb lo temps, la possibilitat e l'interés de venir melhor ». De l'autre, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Anthelme_Brillat-Savarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin (la pagina existís pas)">Brillat-Savarin</a>, que ten la metamorfòsi del presonièr en bon ciutadan per una « fastuosa utopia »<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, se fa l'eraud de la <a href="/wiki/Pena_de_m%C3%B2rt" title="Pena de mòrt">pena de mòrt</a>. </p><p>Lo punt màger de controvèrsia es aqueste de las condicions de la detencion. Se lo panoptic de Bentham reünís, en teoria al mens, un consens pro larg, l'adopcion de la cellula individuala fa l'objècte de vivas controvèrsas. Los dos principals modèls en concurréncia son americans<span></span>: aqueste de la preson d'Auburn combina isolament cellular la nuèch e trabalh collectiu, mas dins lo silenci, un silenci impausat pel foet constata Tocqueville<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, pendent lo jorn; aqueste de Filadèlfia, realizat pels Quakers a Cheryl Hill (1822), impausa un isolament cellular de jorn coma de nuèch<sup id="cite_ref-Perrot183_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrot183-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; las passetjadas son individualas, los prisonièrs son menats uèlhs clucats fins a lor cellula. Dins l'un coma l'autre cas, pasmens, se considèra que l'isolament dels prisonièrs es indispensable per prevenir lo risc d'una corrupcion encara mai granda dels detenguts. </p><p>En França, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lucas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Lucas (la pagina existís pas)">Charles Lucas</a> es lo cap dels detractors del cellular integral, jutjat tant dur qu'ipotèca tota escasença de reforma del prisonièr; belèu es tanben susceptible de le menar a la folia. Punt sus que los partisans de l'isolament fan intervenir l'autoritat de l'Acadèmia de medecina que lor dona rason per la votz del doctor Lélut<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La Glèisa catolica pren, ela, contra l'isolament total, al motiu que permet pas l'exercici collectiu del culte<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Contra Lucas i a per exepmle Beaumont e Tocqueville, que fustiga, en privat al mens, las utopias dels filantròps<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Se dobta de la capacitat reformatritz de la preson, levat benlèu pels mai joves dels detenguts, Tocqueville ne vòl far, primièr e sobretot, un organ eficaç de « defensa de la societat »<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Categorizacion_dels_detenguts">Categorizacion dels detenguts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Categorizacion dels detenguts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Categorizacion dels detenguts"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo sistèma penitenciairi repausa sus la produccion de categorias de classificacion dels detenguts sempre mai finas. La separacion dels enfants s'impausa progressivament al sègle XIX, en metent en concuréncia dos modèls: aqueste de la preson per enfants, coma la <i>Petite Roquette</i>, que ven una de las referéncias en Euròpa e aqueste de la colonia penitenciària, expérimentat a partir de 1837 a Mettray. La colonia penitenciària de Mettray de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-Auguste_Demetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frédéric-Auguste Demetz (la pagina existís pas)">Frédéric-Auguste Demetz</a> se presenta coma un modèl alternatiu qu'entend regenerar los adolescents pel contacte amb la natura e lo trabalh de la tèrra. Inspira dirèctament de projèctes europèus, coma lo « Mettray hollandais » de Willem Suringar<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La separacion dels sèxes fa figura de veritable obsession pels teoricians penitenciaris, preoccupats dels dangièrs que fariá corrir la promiscuitat a la moralitat. A l'imatge de Bérenger, se considèra atal que cal « que los dos sèxes se vejan pas jamai, ne s'ausiscan pas jamai, e assistiscan pas quitament en comun [...] al servic divin »<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Las femnas an alara lors luòc de detencion separats, coma la <i>Saint-Lazare</i> a París. Tanben, los minors son embarrats dins de bastits o d'alas diferentas dels detenguts majors d'edat. </p><p>La natura dels crimes e dels delits, las recompensas e las punicions son d'autres principis de diferenciacion. Cambiadissas al gra de la conjonctura politica, las condicions de detencion de prisonièrs politics son tradicionalament mai soples qu'aquestes dels drechs comuns. </p><p>En França, per exemple, los detenguts en Detencion proventiva e los detenguts condamnats son pas mesclats en cellula. E a vegada dins de bastits des separats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Las_penas_de_substitucion">Las penas de substitucion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Las penas de substitucion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Las penas de substitucion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:LSPEntrance-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/LSPEntrance-.jpg/220px-LSPEntrance-.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/LSPEntrance-.jpg/330px-LSPEntrance-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/LSPEntrance-.jpg/440px-LSPEntrance-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Lo <i>Louisiana State Penitentiary</i>, una preson del <i>Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections</i>, la Parròquia de Feliciana Ouest, <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%AFsiana" title="Loïsiana">Loïsiana</a>, EUA</figcaption></figure> <p>La pena de preson pòt: </p> <ul><li>costar car a la comunautat nacionala;</li> <li>complir pas lo ròtle previst;</li> <li>aver d'efièch secondaris negatius. La privacion de libertat es durament sentida pels prisonièrs e dins unes cases, la preson pòt nòser a la capacitat de s'autodeterminar donc a la reinsercion du prisonièr.</li></ul> <p>Per aquestas rasons, la majoritat de las democracias preveson de condamnacions e de penas de substitucion (o penas alternativas) coma: </p> <ul><li>un trabalh d'interés general;</li> <li>lo pòrt d'un braçalet electronic de susvelhança fixe o mobil;</li> <li>una emenda (que pòt s'apondre a l'incarceracion);</li> <li>un sursís a la pena de preson: sovent acompanhat d'una mesa a l'espròva (obligacion de sonhs, de trabalh, de formacion, d'indemnizacion de las partidas civilas, etc.). Lo nonrespècte d'aquesta mesa a l'espròva entraïna una revocacion de l'ajornament. Lo condamnat va alara purgar sa pena en preson. A aquesta s'apondrà possiblament a sa novèla pena;</li> <li>un ajournament de la pena;</li> <li>un plaçament exterior;</li> <li>la confiscacion dels objèctes avent permes la realizacion de las infraccions.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drech">Drech</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Drech" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Drech"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Porte_de_prison_%E2%80%94_Tour_de_la_Lanterne,_La_Rochelle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Porte_de_prison_%E2%80%94_Tour_de_la_Lanterne%2C_La_Rochelle.JPG/220px-Porte_de_prison_%E2%80%94_Tour_de_la_Lanterne%2C_La_Rochelle.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Porte_de_prison_%E2%80%94_Tour_de_la_Lanterne%2C_La_Rochelle.JPG/330px-Porte_de_prison_%E2%80%94_Tour_de_la_Lanterne%2C_La_Rochelle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Porte_de_prison_%E2%80%94_Tour_de_la_Lanterne%2C_La_Rochelle.JPG/440px-Porte_de_prison_%E2%80%94_Tour_de_la_Lanterne%2C_La_Rochelle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Pòrta de preson anciana</figcaption></figure> <p>Uèi, dins la majoritat dels païses, la sola autoritat podent metre en preson una persona es la <a href="/wiki/Just%C3%ADcia" title="Justícia">justícia</a>. Pasmens, d'autras formas de privacion de libertat pòdon, segon los païses, èsser decidadas per d'autras autoritats (<a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia" title="Polícia">polícia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armada" title="Armada">armada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doana" title="Doana">doanas</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8tge" title="Mètge">mètges</a>, etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preson_e_drechs_de_l'òme"><span id="Preson_e_drechs_de_l.27.C3.B2me"></span>Preson e drechs de l'òme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Preson e drechs de l'òme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Preson e drechs de l'òme"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los quatre <a href="/wiki/Dreches_de_l%27%C3%92me" title="Dreches de l'Òme">drechs fondamentals de l'Òme</a> son, segon la <a href="/wiki/Declaracion_dels_Dreches_de_l%27%C3%92me_e_del_Ciutadan" title="Declaracion dels Dreches de l'Òme e del Ciutadan">Declaracion dels drech de l'Òme e del ciutadan de 1789</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Libertat_(filosofia)" title="Libertat (filosofia)">libertat</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Proprietat" title="Proprietat">proprietat</a>, la seguretat e la resisténcia a l'opression; lo primièr d'aquestes drechs es – per natura – suspendut pendent la durada d'una pena carcerala. Mas lo segond e lo tresen (proprietat e seguretat, es a dire la proteccion contra un empresonament arbitrari) son, eles, garantits, un còp realizats los pagaments de domatge e interés a las victimas al subjècte de la proprietat. </p><p>En practica, la pena de preson pèsa sus fòrça drechs fondamentals (expression, vida de <a href="/wiki/Familha_(parentala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Familha (parentala)">familha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drechs_civics" title="Drechs civics">drechs civics</a>, intimitat, dignitat, sexualitat, accès a la <a href="/wiki/Santat" title="Santat">santat</a>, a l'<a href="/wiki/Educacion" title="Educacion">educacion</a> e a la <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">cultura</a>). Pauc a pauc, los detenguts aquerisson lo drech de contestar las decisions de l'administraccion penitenciària, amb de variacions importantas segon los païses e los epòcas. Atal, lo <a href="/wiki/Conselh_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Conselh d'Euròpa">Conselh de l'Euròpa</a> publiquèt las Règlas penitenciàrias europèas que pòrtan a l'encòp suls drech fondamentals de las personas detengudas, lo regim de detencion, la santat, l’òrdre e la seguretat dels establiments penitenciaris, lo personal de l’administracion penitenciària, l’inspeccion e lo contraròtle de las presons. L'Ofici de las Nacions unidas contra la dròga e lo crime tanben demanda los sonhs especials pels vulnerablas, coma las personas <a href="/wiki/Andicap" title="Andicap">andicapadas</a> e <a href="/wiki/LGBT" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> segon la Convencion relativa als drechs de las personas andicapadas e los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principis_de_Jogjakarta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principis de Jogjakarta (la pagina existís pas)">Principis de Jogjakarta</a>, tant que la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Convention_contre_la_torture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convention contre la torture (la pagina existís pas)">Convencion contra la tortura</a> e los autres tractats suls drechs de l'Òme<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticas">Criticas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Criticas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Criticas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Mur_de_prison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Mur_de_prison.jpg/220px-Mur_de_prison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Mur_de_prison.jpg/330px-Mur_de_prison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Mur_de_prison.jpg/440px-Mur_de_prison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>Mur de la preson de <a href="/wiki/Vilan%C3%B2va_de_Magalona" title="Vilanòva de Magalona">Vilanòva de Magalona</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La preson es sovent criticada per diferentas rasons. Es important de destriar los diferents movements contestataris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_vida_dins_las_presons">La vida dins las presons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : La vida dins las presons" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La vida dins las presons"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A causa de las condicions de vida fòrça duras, a vegada inumanas, e del manca de mejans donat a l'institucion carcerala que siá al personal o al material<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, d'associacions coma l'Observatòri internacional de las presons (OIP) o Ban Public (París) lutan per l'umanizacion de las condicions de detencion. </p><p>Las criticas e opausants a la preson evòca sovent una citacion sovent atribuida a <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> en francés e a <a href="/wiki/Fiodor_Dostoievskii" title="Fiodor Dostoievskii">Fiodor Dostoïevski</a> en anglés: « Podèm jutjar del gra de civilizacion d'una nacion sonque al visitar sas presons » o « l'Estat de drech deu pas s'acabar a la pòrta de las presons ». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abolicionisme">Abolicionisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Abolicionisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Abolicionisme"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De movements, qualificats d'abolicionistas s'opausan al quita principi de la preson. </p><p>La luta per l'abolicion de las presons foguèt fòrta en França a la fin de las <a href="/wiki/Ans_1970" title="Ans 1970">annadas 1970</a>, amb la creacion per d'intellectuals (coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Foucault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Foucault (la pagina existís pas)">Michel Foucault</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Vidal-Naquet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Vidal-Naquet (la pagina existís pas)">Pierre Vidal-Naquet</a>) del Grop d'informacion sus las presons (GIP), puèi del Comitat d'accion dels presonièrs (CAP) per de presonièr e expresonièrs. </p><p>D'autres, coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thierry_L%C3%A9vy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thierry Lévy (la pagina existís pas)">Thierry Lévy</a>, penson que las novèlass tecnologias <a href="/wiki/Biometria" title="Biometria">biometricas</a> permetrián de se passar de la preson, tut en efectuant un contraròtle real e penós suls condamnats. Existís une inspiracion libertària que dempuèis de temps, milita contra la quita institucion de la preson, coma instrument al benefici de l'expleitacion. Dins aqueste vam i a lo biologista <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thierry_Lod%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thierry Lodé (la pagina existís pas)">Thierry Lodé</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catherine Baker (la pagina existís pas)">Catherine Baker</a>, qu'estiman que la preson es una institucion nefasta e criminogèna<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reduccionisme">Reduccionisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Reduccionisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Reduccionisme"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A la diferéncia del corrent precedent, los reduccionistas volon pas suprimir la preson, mas la reservar a las personas mai dangierosas. Partent del principi que la preson es la pena mai cara (còsta 3 700 € per mes e par detengut en França en 2010), la mens eficaça (los taus de recidiva a la sortida son mai importants que per tota alternativa a l'incarceracion) e aquesta qui desocializa mai los individús puslèu que de permetre lor reinsercion, los reduccionistas prepausan de recorir en prioritat a las alternativas a l'incarceracion (obligacion de sonhs, seguit socioeducatiu, trabalh d'interés general, emenda, suspension del permés de conduire, sursís amb mesa a l'espròva, etc.) per la fòrça granda majoritat de detenguts qu son condamnats a de fòrça cortas penas de preson. La preson seriá alara sonque lo darrièr recors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Los_mutins">Los mutins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Los mutins" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Los mutins"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uèi, las idèas abolicionistas son defendudas subretot dins de movements de presonièrs, de mutinarias e los tèxtes de revendicacion que sont alara publicats. Al quotidian, de novèls presonièrs formulan tanben una critica sociala qui va a vegada fins a la cauma concertada<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Los_còsts"><span id="Los_c.C3.B2sts"></span>Los còsts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : Los còsts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Los còsts"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A causa dels costs d'un prisonièr, unes recomandan d'utilizar a maxim de penas de substitucion o al mens d’aleugiar las condicions de detencions ples prisonièrs mens dangieroses, coma aquestes condamnats per de delictes rotièrs. Un presonièr còsta en mejana 100€ per jorn en França, contra una soma de l'òrdre de 10 còps mendre pel braçalet electronic<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La reduccion dels emprisonament permet aussi d'evitar la subrepopulacion carcerala<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Per_país"><span id="Per_pa.C3.ADs"></span>Per país</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Per país" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Per país"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Prisoner_population_rate_world_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Prisoner_population_rate_world_map.svg/220px-Prisoner_population_rate_world_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Prisoner_population_rate_world_map.svg/330px-Prisoner_population_rate_world_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Prisoner_population_rate_world_map.svg/440px-Prisoner_population_rate_world_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Taus d'incarceracion per país per 100 000 abitants</figcaption></figure> <p>Los Estats Units d'America son un dels païses avent la populacion carcerala mai nautat, amb 25 % dels presonièrs de la planèta per solament 5 % de la populacion mondiala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nòtas"><span id="N.C3.B2tas"></span>Nòtas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referéncias"><span id="Refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : Referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Guilbaud2008"><span class="nom_auteur">Guilbaud</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal;">Le travail pénitentiaire : sens et articulation des temps vécus des travailleurs incarcérés,</cite> », <i>Revue française de sociologie,</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volum">vol.</abbr> 49, n° 4, pp. 763-791,‎ <time>2008</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+travail+p%C3%A9nitentiaire+%3A+sens+et+articulation+des+temps+v%C3%A9cus+des+travailleurs+incarc%C3%A9r%C3%A9s%2C&rft.jtitle=Revue+fran%C3%A7aise+de+sociologie%2C&rft.aulast=Guilbaud&rft.date=2008&rft.volume=49%2C+n%C2%B0+4%2C+pp.+763-791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Foc.wikipedia.org%3APreson" id="COinS_33261"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BaaderShea2007"><span class="nom_auteur">Baader</span> e <span class="nom_auteur">Shea</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal;">Le travail pénitentiaire, un outil efficace de lutte contre la récidive ?</cite> », <i>Champ pénal</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volum">vol.</abbr> IV,‎ <time>2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1777-5272&lang=fr">1777-5272</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://champpenal.revues.org/document684.html">legir en linha</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+travail+p%C3%A9nitentiaire%2C+un+outil+efficace+de+lutte+contre+la+r%C3%A9cidive+%3F&rft.jtitle=Champ+p%C3%A9nal&rft.aulast=Baader&rft.au=Shea&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=IV&rft.issn=1777-5272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Foc.wikipedia.org%3APreson" id="COinS_29533"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Obratge_de_refer%C3%A9ncia/978-2701801278" title="Especial:Obratge de referéncia/978-2701801278">ISBN 978-2701801278</a></span>.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1994">Yann Rivière, « <cite style="font-style:normal;">Carcer et uincula : la détention publique à Rome (sous la République et le Haut-Empire)</cite> », <i>Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome – Antiquité</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volum">vol.</abbr> 106, <abbr class="abbr" title="numèro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2,‎ <time>1994</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pagina(s)">p.</abbr> 579-652<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Carcer+et+uincula+%3A+la+d%C3%A9tention+publique+%C3%A0+Rome+%28sous+la+R%C3%A9publique+et+le+Haut-Empire%29&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9langes+de+l%27Ecole+fran%C3%A7aise+de+Rome+%E2%80%93+Antiquit%C3%A9&rft.date=1994&rft.volume=106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Foc.wikipedia.org%3APreson" id="COinS_31124"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Le mot <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">carcer</span></i> désigne un « lieu d'incarcération » alors que <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">uincula</span></i> peut désigner uniquement les chaines et <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">custodia</span></i> la garde militaire ou d'autres formes de détention que la prison.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Obratge_de_refer%C3%A9ncia/978-2-7283-0777-7" title="Especial:Obratge de referéncia/978-2-7283-0777-7">ISBN 978-2-7283-0777-7</a></span>.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sur la violence de cette règle, voir <i><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Religieuse">La Religieuse</a></i>, roman de <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diderot">Diderot</a> et film de <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Rivette">Jacques Rivette</a>, en particulier la première partie du roman et du film </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicole Castan, André Zysberg (2002), <i>Histoire des galères, bagnes et prisons en France, de l'Ancien Régime</i>, édition Privat page 22, 23, 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Guiraud_(1866-1953)">Jean Guiraud</a>, <i>L'Inquisition Médiévale</i>, Grasset, collection « La Vie chrétienne », 1929</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">orthographe originale, <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2015">Heather MacDonald, « <cite style="font-style:normal;">L'enfer de la prison</cite> », <i><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revue_fran%C3%A7aise_de_criminologie_et_de_droit_p%C3%A9nal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revue française de criminologie et de droit pénal (la pagina existís pas)">Revue française de criminologie et de droit pénal</a></i></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volum">vol.</abbr> 5,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-10">octobre 2015</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L%27enfer+de+la+prison&rft.jtitle=%27%27Revue+fran%C3%A7aise+de+criminologie+et+de+droit+p%C3%A9nal%27%27&rft.date=2015-10&rft.volume=5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Foc.wikipedia.org%3APreson" id="COinS_24220"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-Sylvie Dupont-Bouchat, « Les prisons d'enfants. Du pénitencier à l'école de bienfaisance, en Belgique au XIXe siècle (1840-1914) », dans Remi Lenoir (dir.), <i>Michel Foucault. Surveiller et punir : la prison vingt ans après</i>. CREDHESS, Paris, 1996, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Perrot">Michelle Perrot</a>, « L'Europe pénitentiaire », dans <i>Les Ombres de l'historie. Crime et châtiment au XIXe siècle</i>. Flammarion, Paris, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-Sylvie Dupont-Bouchat (1996), p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cité dans <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Guy_Petit">Jacques-Guy Petit</a>, <i>Ces peines obscures. La prison pénale en France (1780-1875)</i>, Fayard, Paris, 1990, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michelle Perrot, « Tocqueville inconnu », dans <i>Les Ombres de l'historie. Crime et châtiment au XIXe siècle</i>. Flammarion, 2001, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perrot183-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Perrot183_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perrot, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perrot (2001), p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michelle Perrot (2001), p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perrot (2001), p. 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perrot (2001), p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-Sylvie Dupont-Bouchat (1996), <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bérenger, <i>Des moyens propres à généraliser en France le système pénitentiaire...</i>, Paris, 1836, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 42. Cité par Perrot (2001), <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a0969d42.html">Handbook on prisoners with special needs, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 12-48 et <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 110</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Un exemple en Belgique : Sophie Van Balberghe, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140109020346/http://politique.eu.org/spip.php?article2576">Forest, l’inhumaine</a>, <i>Politique</i>, Bruxelles, n°77, novembre-décembre 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Obratge_de_refer%C3%A9ncia/2-912631-11-4" title="Especial:Obratge de referéncia/2-912631-11-4">ISBN 2-912631-11-4</a></span>.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fabrice Guilbaud, "Contester et subir: formes et fondements de la critique sociale des travailleurs détenus", Sociétés Contemporaines, n°87, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=SOCO_087_0099">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vejatz_tanben">Vejatz tanben</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : Vejatz tanben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=22" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Vejatz tanben"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=23" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Luigi Delia (dir.), <i>Prison et droits: visages de la peine</i>, dossier de <i>L'Irascible</i> n°5, Revue de l'Institut Rhône-Alpin de Sciences Criminelles, Paris, Éditions Campus Ouvert, 2015.</li> <li>George Benguigui, Fabrice Guilbaud, Guillaume Malochet, <i>Prisons sous tensions</i>, Champ Social, 2011, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.champsocial.com/ouvrages/ouvrage.jsp?id=635">[2]</a></li> <li>Grégory Salle, <i>La Part d'ombre de l'État de droit</i>, Éditions de l'EHESS, 2009.</li> <li>Annie Kensey, <i>Prison et récidive</i>, Armand Colin, 2007</li> <li>Loïc Wacquant, <i>Les Prisons de la misère</i>, Raisons d’agir, 1999</li> <li>Denis Langlois, <i>Le Cachot</i>, Maspero, 1967</li> <li>Catherine Baker, <i>Pourquoi faudrait-il punir ?</i>, Tahin Party, 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tahin-party.org/textes/baker.pdf">disponible gratuitement en ligne</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2394085">.mw-parser-output span.PDFlink a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}</style><span class="PDFlink"><span class="noarchive"></span></span> <small><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> </small></li> <li>Philippe Combessie, <i>Sociologie de la prison</i>, La Découverte, Repères, 2004</li> <li>Jean-Paul Céré, <i>La prison</i>, Dalloz, 2007</li> <li>Jean-Paul Céré et C.E. Japiassù (dir.), <i>Les systèmes pénitentiaires dans le monde</i>, Dalloz, 2007</li> <li>Isabelle Le Bourgeois, <i>Derrière les barreaux, les hommes Femme et aumônier à Fleury-Mérogis</i>, Desclée de Brouwer, 2002</li> <li>Thierry Lodé 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131216193919/http://www.marianne.net/Le-droit-d-etre-abolitionniste_a84477.html?start_liste=0&paa=1">Le droit d'être abolitionniste</a></li> <li>Jacques-Guy Petit, <i>Ces peines obscures. La prison pénale en France, 1789-1870</i>, Paris, Fayard, 1990</li> <li>Philippe Zoummeroff et Nathalie Guibert, <i>La prison, cela n’arrive pas qu’aux autres</i>, Albin Michel, 2006</li> <li>Cour des Comptes, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404153445/http://lesrapports.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/BRP/104000386/0000.pdf">Gérer la vie carcérale, prévenir la récidive</a></i>, La Documentation Française, 2010</li> <li>Viviana, Délit d'innocence, éditions Guillemain, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Obratge_de_refer%C3%A9ncia/9782912807205" title="Especial:Obratge de referéncia/9782912807205">ISBN: 9782912807205</a></li> <li>Alain Brossat, Pour en finir avec la prison, éditions La Fabrique, 2001</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligams_extèrnes"><span id="Ligams_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams extèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligams extèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preson&action=edit&section=24" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ligams extèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oip.org/">Observatoire international des prisons</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carceropolis.fr/">Le portail multimédia sur les prisons françaises soutenu par l'OIP, le GENEPI, l'ACAT, la LDH, etc.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813004220/http://criminocorpus.revues.org/313">Histoire des prisons et de l’administration pénitentiaire française de l’Ancien Régime à nos jours</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preson&oldid=2409619">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preson&oldid=2409619</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 2 decembre de 2023 a 09.57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. Vejatz las <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">condicions d’utilizacion</a> per mai de detalhs, e mai los credits grafics.<br /> Wikipedia® es una marca depausada de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organizacion de benfasença regida pel paragraf 501(c)(3) del còde fiscal dels Estats Units.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politica de confidencialitat</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Avertiments_generals">Avertiments</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Còdi de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desvolopaires</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/oc.wikipedia.org">Estatisticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaracion suls cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preson&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Afichatge mobil</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-jfvtt","wgBackendResponseTime":174,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.178","walltime":"0.253","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1778,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":9581,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":164,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":17895,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 159.753 1 -total"," 65.90% 105.283 1 Modèl:Reflist"," 23.90% 38.184 4 Modèl:Article"," 16.12% 25.754 4 Modèl:Lang"," 15.89% 25.386 6 Modèl:Ouvrage"," 12.55% 20.052 1 Modèl:Fr"," 10.42% 16.642 1 Modèl:Indicacion_de_lenga"," 6.24% 9.969 1 Modèl:Pdf"," 2.01% 3.214 1 Modèl:ISBN"," 1.70% 2.723 3 Modèl:Lien_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.037","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2512227,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-57dbb96d76-gdj7c","timestamp":"20241028090014","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Preson","url":"https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Preson","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q40357","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q40357","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2018-03-09T10:09:08Z","dateModified":"2023-12-02T09:57:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/85\/La-Sante-Prison-MCB.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>